Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2584 302510 277178 2026-07-15T11:34:51Z Feerobuuran 46403 302510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post |post = Madaxaweynaha |body = Jamhuuriyadda<br /> Federaalka Soomaaliyeed |native_name = {{small|''President of the Federal Republic of Somalia''}} |insignia = Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia.svg |insigniasize = 125px |insigniacaption = Astaanta qaran ee madaxweynaha |flag = Flag of Somalia.svg{{!}}border |flagsize = 125px |flagcaption = Calanka Cirdhow |image = Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo (cropped).jpg |imagesize = 165px |incumbent = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] |incumbentsince = 8 Febraayo 2017 |residence = [[Aqalka Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya|Villa Somalia]] |formation = 1 July 1960 |termlength = Afar sanno |inaugural = [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan]] |website = {{URL|http://villasomalia.gov.so}} }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} '''Madaxweyneyaashii soomaray dalka [[Soomaaliya]].''' {| class="wikitable" |- align=left ! width="18%"|Xilka qabtay ! width=60|Sawir ! width="55%"|Jagada ! width="10%"|[[#Xisbi|Xisbi]] ! width="15%"|Faallo |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda soomaaliya]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>1 Luuliyo 1960 ilaa 10 Juun 1967||[[File:Aadan_Cade.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SYL||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>10 Juun 1967 ilaa 15 Oktober 1969||[[File:Sharmaarke.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SYL||<small>La dilay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Dowladdii kacaanka]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>21 Oktober 1969 ilaa ''1 Luuliyo 1976''||rowspan=2|[[File:Official portrait of Major General Siad Barre.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Siyaad Barre]]''', <small>Madxii usareeyey afgambiga||<small>Mil||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''1 Luuliyo 1976'' ilaa 26 Janaayo 1991||'''[[Siyaad Barre]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SRSP||<small>Xiligiisii hanti wadaagga |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Dagaal Sokeeye|Dagaal sokeeye]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>Janaayo 1991 ilaa Juun 1995||[[File:Cali_Mahdi.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Cali Mahdi]]''', <small>Madaxwyne ku meel gaar ah (Dowladiisiina ma shaqayn Kadib markii uu ka horyimid Maxamed Faarax Caydiid)||<small>USC||<small> Dagaal sokeeye ayaa dhacay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>15 Juun 1995 ilaa 27 Ogosto 2000||colspan=4| Xilligaan dalka wax dowlad ah ma jirin ilaa laga soo gaaro shirkii carta|| |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Kumeel Gaar]] (TNG)''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>27 Ogosto 2000 ilaa 14 Oktober 2004||||'''[[Cabdiqaasim Salaad]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah||<small>n-p||<small> |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Kumeel Gaar]] ama [[Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka]] (TFG)''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>14 Oktober 2004 ilaa 29 Diisembar 2008||[[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 2.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah||<small>SSDF||<small>Is Casilay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>31 Janaayo 2009 ilaa 20 Ogosto 2012||[[File:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Shiikh Shariif Shiikh Axmed|Sharif Sheikh Ahmed]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar||<small>ARS||<small>Dowlad Midnomo Qaran |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Federaaliisim|Jamhuuriyadda faderaalka soomaaliya]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>16 Sebtember 2012 Ilaa 7 Febraayo 2017||[[File:H.E. Mr Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia (cropped).jpg|60px]]||'''[[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>PDP||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>8 febraayo 2017 ilaa 15 may 2022||[[File:Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo (cropped).jpg|60px]]||'''[[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>PDP||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>15 may 2022 ilaa hada||[[File:H.E. Mr Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia (cropped).jpg|60px]]||'''[[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>PDP||<small> |} == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya]] *[[Madaxweyneyaashii Khatumo]] {{Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] 2u06ovqv72m44njhy0zsblyip0pn643 0 2629 302368 299464 2026-07-14T17:34:34Z Videoiib7 46243 302368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. l6a8oypz9m2e79kgg117guyeqhunkk2 0 2680 302482 231260 2026-07-15T10:53:28Z Feerobuuran 46403 302482 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" align="right" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: left;" |- |- {{#if: | {{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" {{!}} [[File:|200px|]]<br />{{{caption|}}}}} | colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;" | '''Cali Mahdi'''<br />علي مهدي محمد<br /> |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #c1cdc1; text-align: center;" | [[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynihii 4aad ee Soomaliya]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Xafiiska intuu joogay |- |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Janaayo]], [[1991]] ilaa [[Juun]], [[1995]] |- ! Xil kaga horeeyay: | [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]]. |- ! Xil kaga danbeeyay | [[Cabdi Qaasim salaad xasan]]. |- ---- |- ! Dhashay: | [[1938]] |- ! Ku dhashay: | Tuulada [[Cadowuul]], [[Soomaaliya]] <!--Ku Dhintay: Nairobi, Kenya 10, March 2021--> <!--|- ! Kudhintay: | [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]--> |- ! Diintiisa: | [[Islaam]] |- ! Dhalasho: | '''{{{3|[[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|25px]]}}}''' [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]] |- ! Dhintay: | 10 March 2021 |- ! Ku dhintay: | [[Nairobi]], [[kenya]] |} '''Cali Mahdi Maxamed''' (carab:علي مهدي محمد) wuxuu ku dhashay tuulada[[cadowuul oo ka tirsan [[shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee magaala madaxda [[Soomaaliya]] sanadku markuu ahaa [[1938]]. Cali Mahdi wuxuu wax ku bartay iskoolaadkii Xamar ka jiray. Cali Mahdi [[1959]] ayaa Qaahira u aaday waxbarasho . Cali Mahdi wuxuu fursad u yeeshay in uu xubin ka noqdo baarlamaanka Somaaliya sanadkii [[1969]], asagoo noqday qofkii ugu dhalinyaraa ee xubin ka noqda baarlamaanka Soomaliyeed. Kadib markii uu dhacay inqilaabkii Dawladda shicibka aheyd ee wadanka la wareegay Xooga Dalka Somaliyeed, Cali Mahdi wuxuu dib ugu laabtay shaqadiisi wasaaradda Caafimaadka, halkaas u ku gaaray jago Agaasime Guud. Sanadku markuu ahaa 1977 Cali Mahdi wuxuu ka ruqseeystay shaqadii Dawladda wuxuuna u wareegay ganacsi. Cali Mahdi muddadii u dhaxeysey sanadihii 1977-1990 wuxuu noqday nin lagu tiriyo ganacsatada ugu waaweeyn ee wadanka soomaliyeed. Sanadahii 80's Cali Mahdi iyo aqoonyahaano Soomaliyeed aya waxaa asaasay urur odoyaal ah "Manifesto" oo waraaq lagu codsanaayo in wax looga bedelo siyaasadda Soomaliyeed u diray madaxweeynihii wadanka ee markaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre. Kadib burburkii Dawladda Maxamed Siyaad Barre, sanadka markuu ahaa 1991, ayaa Cali Mahdi loo magacaabay Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Muddo gaaban kadib waxaa bilowday dagaal sokeeye oo ka dhacay magaalada Muqdishu oo eey isaga hor yimaadeen qeybo raacsan [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] kaasoo diidanaa madaxweynenimada Cali Mahdi iyo kuwo difaacay Cali Mahdi. Cali Mahdi wuxuu xilkii madaxweynenimada ku wareejiyey shirkii ka dhacay magaalada Carta ee wadanka [[Jabuuti]] sanadka markuu ahaa 2000. Cali Mahdi sanadkii 2007 wuxuu abaabulay shir nabadeed belaha Somaaliyeed la isugu keenaayo . waxaa jiro waxyaabo badan oo wanaagsan oo u qabtay shacabka soomaaliyeed lama soo koobi karo .waxuu Ku geeriyoday Isbitaal Ku yaala [[Nairobi]] [[Kenya]] 10/03/2021 [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Shaqsiyadaad]] [[Category:Taariikh]] a4pup056wydeq0b3yhjy2a7y5jyc7si 0 2998 302505 297296 2026-07-15T11:29:25Z Feerobuuran 46403 302505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} '''Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Prime Minister of Somalia}}) waa [[madaxa dowlad]]a wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Tan ilaa 1956dii, markii la aasaasay xafiiska Ra'isal Wasaaraha, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ra'isal wasaare ka noqdey 23 qof oo iska dambeeyay xilka. Qofkii ugu horeeyay ee xilka qabta wuxuu ahaa Cabdullahi Ciise Maxamuud kaasi oo talada hayay wakhti ka horeysay Xornimadii Soomaaliya. Maanta waxaa xafiiska ra'isal wasaaraha [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya]] ku fadhiya Hamza Abdi Barre,<ref>The first Prime Minister was [[Abdullahi Issa|Abdullahi Issa Mohamud]], who served prior to independence in the [[Trust Territory of Somaliland]]. The incumbent Prime Minister of the [[Federal Government of Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]] is Hamza Abdi Barre.</ref> kaasi oo soo magacaabay Madaxweyne [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] "Farmaajo". ==List== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !# !Name ! Portrait ! Election ! Took office ! Left office ! Political party |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Trust Territory of Somaliland]]''' (1956–1960) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- !1 | [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] | [[File:Abdullahi Issa Mohamud.jpg|80px]] | [[Italian Somaliland parliamentary election, 1956|1956]]<br>[[Italian Somaliland parliamentary election, 1959|1959]] | 29 February 1956 | 1 July 1960 | [[Somali Youth League|SYL]] |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Somali Republic]]''' (1960–1969) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- !2 | [[Maxamed Cigaal]] | | — | 1 July 1960 | 12 July 1960 | [[Somali Youth League|SYL]] |- !3 | [[Cabdirashiid Sharmaarke]] | | — | 12 July 1960 | 14 June 1964 | [[Somali Youth League|SYL]] |- !4 | [[Abdirizak Haji Hussein]] | [[File:Husein.jpg|80px]] | [[Somali parliamentary election, 1964|1964]] | 14 June 1964 | 15 July 1967 | [[Somali Youth League|SYL]] |- !5 | [[Maxamed Cigaal]] | | [[Somali parliamentary election, 1969|1969]] | 15 July 1967 | 21 October 1969<br>{{small|([[1969 Somali coup d'état|Deposed]])}} | [[Somali Youth League|SYL]] |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Somali Democratic Republic]]''' (1969–1991) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- | colspan="7" align="center" |''Post Abolished (21 October 1969 – 1 February 1987)'' |- ! 6 | [[Maxamed Samatar]] | [[File:Mohamed Ali Samatar.png|80px]] | — | 1 February 1987 | 3 September 1990 | [[Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party|SRSP]] |- ! 7 | [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] | [[File:No image.png|80px]] | — | 3 September 1990 | 24 January 1991<br>{{small|([[Somali Rebellion|Deposed]])}} | [[Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party|SRSP]] |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Interim Government of Somalia]]''' (1991–1997) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- ! 8 | [[Cumar Ghalib]]<ref name="1990s">From November 1991 to 2000, there was no recognized central government. The southern part of the country was controlled by different faction leaders; notably General [[Mohamed Farrah Aidid]], who claimed to be President from 15 June 1995 to his death on 1 August 1996, followed by his son [[Hussein Farrah Aidid]] from 4 August 1996 to 20 March 1998. Decentralization took place in other areas, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many places as well as the establishment of autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country.</ref> | [[File:Omararteghalib.jpg|80px]] | — | 24 January 1991 | May 1993<br>{{small|(''De facto to 3 January 1997'')}}<ref name="1990s" /> | [[United Somali Congress|USC]] |- | colspan="7" align="center" |''Vacant (May 1993–8 October 2000)''<ref name="1990s" /> |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Transitional National Government|Transitional National Government of Somalia]]''' (2000–2004) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- ! 9 | [[Cali Galayr]] | [[File:Dr. Ali Khalif Galaydh Photo.JPG|80px]] | — | 8 October 2000 | 28 October 2001 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 10 | [[Osman Jama Ali]]<br> | [[File:No image.png|80px]] | — | 28 October 2001 | 12 November 2001 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !11 | [[Xasan Abshir]] | | — | 12 November 2001 | 8 December 2003 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 12 | [[Muhammad Abdi Yusuf]] | [[File:No image.png|80px]] | — | 8 December 2003 | 23 December 2004 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Transitional Federal Government|Transitional Federal Government of Somalia]]''' (2004–2012) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- ! 13 | [[Cali Geedi]] | [[File:Ali Mohammed Ghedi in Kenya (cropped).jpg|80px]] | — | 23 December 2004 | 30 October 2007<br>{{small|(Resigned)}} | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 14 | [[Salim Aliyow Ibrow]]<br> | [[File:No image.png|80px]] | — | 30 October 2007 | 24 November 2007 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !15 | [[Nur Hassan Hussein]] | | — | 24 November 2007 | 14 February 2009 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !16 | [[Cumar Sharmaarke]] | [[File:Omarasharmarke4.jpg|80px]] | — | 14 February 2009 | 24 September 2010 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !17 | [[Cabdiwaxid Goonjeex]]<br> | [[File:No image.png|80px]] | — | 24 September 2010 | 1 November 2010 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !18 | [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] | | — | 1 November 2010 | 19 June 2011 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !19 | [[Cabdiweli Gaas]] | [[File:Abdiweli Mohamed Ali - 2012-02-27 at 12-35-51.jpg|80px]] | — | 19 June 2011 | 20 August 2012 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- | colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey" align="center" | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] • '''[[Federal Government of Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]]''' (2012–present) • [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|20px]] |- !19 | [[Cabdiweli Gaas]]<br> | [[File:Abdiweli Mohamed Ali - 2012-02-27 at 12-35-51.jpg|80px]] | — | 20 August 2012 | 17 October 2012 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 20 | [[Cabdi Shirdoon]] | [[File:Abdifarshird1.jpg|80px]] | — | 17 October 2012 | 21 December 2013 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 21 | [[Cabdiweli Sheekh]] | [[File:Abdiwelisheikhahmed12a.jpg|80px]] | — | 21 December 2013 | 24 December 2014 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 22 | [[Cumar Sharmaarke]] | [[File:Omarasharmarke4.jpg|80px]] | — | 24 December 2014 | 1 March 2017 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 23 | [[Hassan Ali Khayre]] | [[File:Hassan Ali.png|80px]] | — | 1 March 2017 | 25 July 2020 | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !24 |'''[[Mahdi Guuleed]]''' | | |25 July 2020 |23 September 2020 |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !25 |'''[[Maxamed Rooble]]''' | | |23 September 2020 |26 June 2022 |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !26 |'''[[Xamse cabdi barre]]''' | | |26 June 2022 |Current |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- !27 |[[Salah Ahmed Jama]] | |Not a prime minister |6 January 2025 |Incumbent |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |} ==Sawiro Ra'iisal Wasaarayaasha== <gallery widths="208" heights="208" caption=""> File:Cabdullaahi Ciise.jpg File:Sharmaarke.jpg File:M Cigaal.jpg File:Dr. Ali Khalif Galaydh Photo.JPG File:Ali Mohammed Ghedi in Kenya.jpg File:Nuur Xasan Xuseen.jpg File:Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali.jpg File:Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid - 2020.jpg|<center>[[Abdiweli Gaas]]</br> [[2011]] - [[2012]]</center> |[[Abdi farah Shirdon]] |[[Abdiwali sheikh Ahmed]] </gallery> == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya]] * [[Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] * [https://mn045.tistory.com/ 오빠시대 투표하기] waxaa jira xog intaan kabadan oo ay Soomaaliya leedahay ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category:Raiisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya| ]] tebqukyd8q7u66rncuya393vnw3uh11 0 5571 302483 294668 2026-07-15T10:55:07Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] ilaa [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 294668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed''' ([[Af Soomaali]]: Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed ([[Carabi|Af-Carabi]]: محمد عبدالله محمد; wuxuu dhashay Maarso 11, 1962), sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Farmaajo''', waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo madaxweyne ka soo noqday [[Soomaaliya]] 2017 ilaa 2022. Wuxuu ahaa [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya]] muddo lix bilood ah, laga soo bilaabo Nofeembar 2010 ilaa iyo Juun 2011-kii. 2012. {{Macluumaad Qof Madax Ah |name = Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo محمد عبد الله محمد |image =His Excellency President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo.jpg |caption ='''Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017''' |office=[[Madaxweyne|Madaxweynihii]] [[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya|9aad]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda]] [[Soomaaliya]] |image_size = 300px |term_start = 8 Febraayo 2017 |term_end = May 23, 2022 {{countdown-enwp |year = 2021 |month = 02 |day = 08 |event = '''dhammaadka xilka''' }} |predecessor = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] |successor = |primeminister = [[Xasan Cali Khayre]] |office1 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|14aad Raysulwasaare]] |term_start1 = 1 Nofeembar 2010 |term_end1 = 19 June 2011 |president1 = [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed|Shariif Sheekh Axmed]] |predecessor1 = [[Cabdiwaaxid Cilmi Goonjeex]] <small>(Ku meel gaar)</small> |successor1 = [[Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali]] |office2 = Guddoomiyaha Xisbiga Tayo |term_start2 = 5 Maajo 2012 |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = Mawqifkii la aasaasay |successor2 = |office3 = Danjiraha [[Soomaaliya]] ee [[Maraykanka]] |term_start3 = 1985 |term_end3 = 1989 |predecessor3 = |successor3 = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|5|5|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = Xisbiga Tayo |spouse = Saynab Cabdi Macallin | children = 4 |alma_mater = Jaamacada Buffalo |religion = Sunni Islam }} ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Maxamed waxa uu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]]. Maxamed waxa uu ka soo jeedaa beesha Mareexaan oo ka mid ah beelaha Daarood. Waalidkiis waxay ahaayeen halgamayaal ku xidhan ururkii SYL ee ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliya. Intii lagu jiray 1970-meeyadii, aabbihii wuxuu u shaqeeyay sidii shaqaale dawladeed Waaxda Gaadiidka qaranka. Maxamed waxa uu ka baxay dugsi boodhin ah oo ku yaalla Soomaaliya. Markii uu dagaalka sokeeye billowday 1991-kii waxa uu magangalyo ka dalbaday [[Kanada]], waxaana ugu dambeyntii la siiyay baasaboor reer Kanada ah. Ka dib, waxa uu wax ku bartay [[Wadanka Maraykanka|Maraykanka]] halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku andacooday magangalyo siyaasadeed oo uu ku gaadhay dhalasho Maraykan ah. Intii uu ku noolaa magaalada Buffalo ee dalka Mareykanka, Maxamed waxa uu ahaa xubin ka tirsan xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Maxamed waa muwaadin Soomaaliyeed. Maxamed wuxuu ka tanaasulay dhalashadiisii ​​Mareykanka Agoosto 2019. Maxamed waxa u dhaxday Saynab Cabdi Macallin, Marwadii hore ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya. Lamaanuhu waxay leeyihiin afar carruur ah - laba gabdhood iyo laba wiil - kuwaas oo weli deggan Maraykanka, laga bilaabo 2019. ==Xirfadda hore== Wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya 1982 ilaa 1985. Intii u dhaxaysay 1985 iyo 1988, Maxamed waxa uu noqday Xoghayihii Koowaad ee Safaaradda Soomaaliya ee Washington. Kadib imaatinkiisii ​​Ameerika waxa uu isku dhigay dugsi waxana uu galay jaamacada Buffalo. 1993 ayuu ku qalin jabiyay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda. Laga soo bilaabo 1994 ilaa 1997, Mohamed waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo gudoomiyaha guud ee maamulka guryaynta degmada Buffalo, wuxuuna ka shaqeeyay gudoomiyaha maaliyada. Waxa kale oo uu u soo noqday maamule kiis barnaamijka dhimista hogaanka ee magaalada 1995 ilaa 1999. Intii u dhaxaysay 2000 iyo 2002, Maxamed waxa uu ahaa isuduwaha ganacsiga dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Qaybta Gobolka Erie ee Fursadaha Shaqo ee loo siman yahay. Laga soo bilaabo 2002 ilaa loo magacaabay ra'iisul wasaare dabayaaqadii 2010, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay sidii Wakiilka Shaqaalaysiinta siman ee Waaxda Gaadiidka Gobolka New York ee Buffalo. Muddadaas waxa kale oo uu shahaadada Masterka ee cilmiga siyaasadda ka qaatay Jaamacadda Buffalo oo uu qoraalkiisa ciwaankiisu ahaa, ‘[[Mareykanka]]. Xiisaha istaraatiijiyadeed ee [[Soomaaliya]]: Laga soo bilaabo xilligii dagaalkii qaboobaa ilaa la dagaallanka argagixisada' wuxuuna baray xirfadaha hoggaaminta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ee Erie Community College, oo qayb ka ah Jaamacadda Gobolka [[New York]] (SUNY). Sannadkii 2007-dii, xilli uu Maxamed hoggaaminayay koox ka tirsan Jaaliyadda Soomaaliyeed ee magaalada Buffalo, ayaa waxaa qaar ka mid ah madaxda Soomaalida Mareykanka ku eedeeyeen inuu kooxda ku maroorsaday hannaanka doorashada, si uu xukunka ugu sii hayo, taasoo keentay kala qeybsanaan bulshada dhexdeeda ah. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== ===Ra'iisul Wasaare (2010-2011)=== 15kii Oktoobar 2010, Maxamed waxaa loo magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Maxamed ayaa xilka loo dhaariyay 1-dii November 2010, kaddib munaasabad ka dhacday xarunta madaxtooyada ee Villa Somalia. 12kii Noofambar 2010, Maxamed waxa uu magacaabay Gole Wasiiro oo cusub, sida uu qabo Axdiga Dawladda Ku Meel Gaarka ah. Jagooyinka Wasiirada ee loo qoondeeyay ayaa si weyn hoos loogu dhigay, iyadoo 18 xil maamul laga dhigay 39-kii wasaaradood ee dowladdii hore. Labo Wasiir oo ka tirsan Xukuumaddii hore ayaa dib loo magacaabay. ===Dib u habayn=== Qoraal uu Maxamed u jeediyay Golaha Ammaanka ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] 50-kii maalmood ee ugu horreysay ee uu xafiiska joogo, wuxuu ku sheegay in maamulkiisu uu billaabay hirgelinta diiwaan-gelin buuxda oo biometrik ah oo loogu talogalay ciidamada ammaanka kaasoo lagu soo gaba-gabeynayo afar bilood gudahood. Xubnaha guddiga madaxa banaan ee dastuurka ayaa sidoo kale la magacaabay si ay qareennada dastuurka [[Soomaaliya]], culumaa’udiinka iyo khubarada dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed uga doodaan dastuurka cusub ee dalka loo qorsheeyay, kaasoo ah qeyb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah howlaha horyaalla dowladda KMG ah. Wufuud heer federaal ah ayaa loo diray si ay u qaboojiyaan xiisadaha la xiriira qabiilka ee ka dhacay dhowr gobol. Si loo horumariyo daah-furnaanta, wasiirrada xukuumadda waxay si buuxda u shaaciyeen hantidooda waxayna saxiixeen xeer anshaxeed. Waxaa sidoo kale la dhisay Guddiga La-dagaalanka Musuq-maasuqa oo awood u leh inuu sameeyo baaritaanno rasmi ah iyo inuu dib u eegis ku sameeyo go’aamada iyo hab-maamuuska dowladda si ay si dhow ula socdaan dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqyada ay wadaan mas’uuliyiinta dowladda. Intaa waxaa dheer, safarrada aan loo baahnayn ee dibadda ee xubnaha dawladdu waa la mamnuucay, dhammaan safarrada wasiiradu hadda waxay u baahan yihiin ogolaanshaha Ra'iisul Wasaaraha. Sidoo kale waxaa la horgeeyay miisaaniyad qeexaysa kharashaadka dowladda dhexe ee 2011-ka oo ay ansixiyeen xubnaha baarlamaanka, iyadoo mudnaan la siiyay mushaaraadka shaqaalaha rayidka ah. Intaa waxa dheer, in si buuxda loo baaro hantida iyo gaadiidka dawladda. La-taliyaha sare C/raxmaan Cumar Cismaan, ayaa xusay in Maxamed uu u fiirsaday dayactirka waddooyinka, dib u furista dugsiyada dowladda iyo bixinta mushaaraadka joogtada ah ee ciidamada iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo keentay inuu taageero ka helo shacabka mudadii koobneyd ee uu xilka hayay. ===Iscasilaad=== [[File:Farmaajohd23.png|thumb|Maxamed 2014kii]] Heshiiskii Kampala ayaa ahaa heshiis ay korjoogteynayeen Madaxweynaha [[Yugandha]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] iyo Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Q.M u qaabilsan [[Soomaaliya]] Augustine Mahiga si loo soo afjaro marxaladda ku meel gaarka ah ee DFKMG. Guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] ayaa sheegay in uusan la shaqeyn karin Maxamed, sidaas darteedna ay qeyb ka tahay qodobbadii lagu heshiiyay, Maxamed looga dalbaday inuu iscasilo. Shariif Xasan ayaa shaki badan ka qabay go’aankii Madaxweyne [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed|Shariif Sheekh Axmed]] uu Maxamed Ra’iisul Wasaare ugu magacaabay, Maxamedna uu soo magacaabay Golaha Wasiirada isaga oo aan wax badan ka soo jeedin, taasina ay keentay in Shariif Xasan uu ku adkaado in Baarlamaanka uu taageero Barnaamijyada. Iscasilaadii ka dib, Maxamed waxa uu ku laabtay Maraykanka oo uu hore uga ahaa Waaxda Gaadiidka ee Gobolka New York. ===Xisbiga Tayo=== Horraantii sannadkii 2012-kii, Maxamed iyo xubno ka tirsan Golahiisa Wasiirrada ayaa aasaasay urur-siyaasadeedka Tayo ("Tayo"). Sida uu sheegay Maxamed, qorshaha koowaad ee xisbigu wuxuu ku saabsan yahay sidii loo gaarsiin lahaa guud ahaan shacabka Soomaaliyeed iyo dhiirigelinta dib u celinta qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed si ay gacan uga geystaan ​​dib u dhiska dalka ka dib colaadaha. Maxamed ayaa markii uu xilka ka degay kadib waxa uu olole ka waday meelo kala duwan oo caalamka ah si uu taageero ugu ururiyo xisbigiisa cusub, sida [[Wadanka Maraykanka|Maraykanka]], [[Ingiriiska]], [[Holland]] iyo [[Iswiidhan]]. ===2012 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Horraantii bishii Agoosto 2012, Maxamed wuxuu isu soo bandhigay inuu yahay musharax madaxweyne doorashadii Soomaaliya ee 2012 laakiin waxaa lagu reebay wareegii koowaad ee doorashada. ===Doorashooyinka 2017=== Doorashada baarlamaanka ayay khubaradu ku tilmaameen mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed ee ugu musuqmaasuqa badan taariikhda dalka. Iyadoo ay jirto warbixino baahsan oo ku saabsan iibsashada codadka, baarayaashu waxay ku qiyaaseen ugu yaraan $20 milyan in loo bixiyay laaluush ahaan. Inta badan lacagaha la isticmaalo ayaa waxaa ka imaan jiray dalal shisheeye oo danaha ka leh Soomaaliya, kuwaasi oo rajo ka qabay in musharixiinta ay dhaqaale ku taageeraan ay danahooda ku hormariyaan. Markii la fadhiisto, baarlamaanku waxay u codeeyeen cidda madaxweyne noqonaysa. Maxamed, isaga oo u ololaynayay sidii musharraxa la dagaalanka musuqmaasuqa, waxa uu ku guulaystay madaxweynanimada wareegii labaad ee codbixinta, ka dib markii garoonka laga dhigay in ka badan labaatan ilaa saddex. Wareegii labaad ee doorashada waxa uu helay 184 cod oo ka mid ah 329 cod, guushaas oo la yaab ku noqotay falanqeeyayaasha. Ilaha wararka Mareykanka ayaa sidoo kale iftiimiyay aqoonta uu u leeyahay siyaasadda Mareykanka sida hal hanti oo suurtagal ah si uu uga caawiyo isaga madaxweyne ahaan. Maxamed waxa uu u ololeeyay ballan qaadyadii dastuur cusub, doorasho hal qof iyo hal cod ah iyo ciribtirka Al-Shabaab. ==Muddada madaxweynenimada (2017-2022)== [[File:SD visits London 170511-D-GY869-0230 (34599764015).jpg|thumb|Maxamed iyo Xoghayaha Difaaca [[Wadanka Maraykanka|Mareykanka]] James Mattis sanadkii 2017-kii]] Maamulkan curdanka ah ayaa markii hore hay’adda lacagta adduunka ee [[IMF]] ku ammaantay dib u habeynta maaliyadeed ee ay ku samaysay, iyo kormeerayaasha dublamaasiyadda dadaalka ay ugu jiraan sidii ay wax uga qaban lahaayeen musuqmaasuqa iyo qashin-qubka ciidamada qalabka sida. Gudaha dalka ayaa shacabka ku kala qeybsameen taageerada ay u hayaan madaxweynaha cusub, iyadoo inta badan mucaaradka ay kasoo horjeedaan beelaha dega gobolada dhexe ee dalka. [[File:President Farmajo and Emir of Qatar.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Farmaajo oo la kulmay Amiirka [[Qatar]] 2018]] ===Isku daygii mooshin xil ka qaadis=== Bishii December 2018, xildhibaanadu waxay mooshin xil ka qaadis ah ka gudbiyeen Maxamed. Warkan ayaa lagu dhawaaqay kadib weerar lagu bartilmaameedsaday hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka Cabdiraxmaan Cabdishakuur Warsame, oo ka soo jeeda beesha Habar Gidir. Mooshinkan ayaa ugu dambeyn lagu dhawaaqay inuu buray ka dib markii afar iyo toban Xildhibaan oo magacyadooda ka muuqday ay sheegeen inaysan waligood saxiixin. ===Somaliland=== Bishii February 2020, kulan dhex maray Maxamed iyo [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], waxa dhexdhexaadinayey Abiy Axmed, Ra’iisul Wasaaraha [[Itoobiya]], oo lagaga wada hadlay midaynta. Wax heshiis ah lama gaarin. 70% dadku waxay dhasheen tan iyo markii lagu dhawaaqay madax-banaanida 1991-kii, inkastoo ay jireen arrimo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin siyaasadda qabiilka, xuquuqda haweenka iyo shaqo la’aanta, haddana waxay soo ifbaxday curashada 30 sano oo nabadeed Somaliland. Bishii Abriil 2021 Muuse wuxuu Maxamed ku eedeeyay inuu ka dambeeyay qalalaasihii ka dhacay Soomaaliya. ===Xiriirka Kenya iyo Soomaaliya=== Bishii Disembar 2020, Maxamed waxa uu [[Kenya]] ku eedeeyay inay faragelin ku hayso arrimaha gudaha ee Soomaaliya, kaddib khilaaf diblomaasiyadeed oo sababay in Soomaaliya ay xiriirka diblumaasiyadeed u jarto dalka deriska ah ee Kenya, iyadoo diblomaasiyiinta Kenya loo qabtay toddoba maalmood inay kaga baxaan Muqdisho. Dowladda Kenya ayaa beenisay eedeymahaas, waxayna sheegtay in dowladda [[Soomaaliya]] ay [[Kenya]] uga mahadcelineyso taageerada ay dalkeedu u fidisay qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed iyo dadaalka ay ugu jirto nabad ku soo dabaalidda Soomaaliya. Warbixin ay soo saartay guddiga xaqiiqo raadinta [[IGAD]] ayaa lagu waayay wax cadeyn ah oo muujinaya in Kenya ay faragelin ku heyso arrimaha Soomaaliya. ===Taageerada ciidamada Itoobiya ee Tigrayga=== Bishii Nofembar 2020, Gedar Andargachew, Lataliyaha Amniga Qaranka ee Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Axmed, ayaa kula kulmay Muqdisho Maxamed. Maxamed ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu taageero u muujiyay tallaabada Itoobiya ay ka wado gobolka Tigray, waxaana Andargachew uu sidoo kale muujiyay sida Itoobiya ay u sii wadi doonto taageerada ciidan ee ay ka siiso Soomaaliya, taasoo muhiim u ah dagaalka ka dhanka ah [[Al-Shabaab]]. [[File:President Farmaajo with Abiy Ahmed.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Farmaajo iyo Ra’iisul Wasaaraha [[Itoobiya]] Abiy Axmed]] Warbixinno lagu qiyaasay 4000-7000 oo askar Soomaali ah oo tababaran oo ka dagaallamaya Tigrayga ayaa horseeday mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay Muqdisho. Dibad-baxayaasha, oo ka kooban qoysaska askarta, ayaa sheegay in aysan xiriir la sameyn eheladooda tan iyo markii ay tababar ugu tageen [[Eratareya|Eritrea]], iyadoo loo sheegay inay iska diiwaan-gelinayaan shaqooyin ammaan oo [[Qatar]] ah. Taliye ku xigeenkii hore ee Hay’adda Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugida Qaranka Soomaaliya ayaa sheegay in 370 Askari oo Soomaali ah ay ku dhinteen Gobolka Tigray. Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya ayaa beeniyey in ciidamo Soomaali ah ay ku lug leeyihiin dagaalka. Guddi ka tirsan baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ayaa ugu baaqay Maxamed inuu soo baaro halka ay ku sugan yihiin askarta, halka xubin ka tirsan guddiga difaaca uu ku eedeeyay muddada dheer ee la geyn jiray iyo isgaarsiinta inay sabab u tahay dib u dhaca uu sababay COVID-19. Bishii Juun 2021, UNHCR waxay xaqiijisay in ciidamo Soomaali ah laga soo qaaday Eritrea si ay uga dagaallamaan Tigray. ===Xoriyadda saxaafadda=== Cafis caalami ah ayaa bishii Febraayo ee sanadkan 2020 soo saartay warbixin ay ciwaan uga dhigtay "Waxaan ku noolnahay cabsi weligeed ah" taasoo diiradda lagu saarayo sii xumaanshaha xorriyadda saxaafadda ee dalka tan iyo markii uu xilka qabtay madaxweyne Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo bishii Febraayo 2017. Warbixinta ayaa lagu sheegay in halista ugu badan ee saxaafadda Soomaaliya ay tahay dowladda iyo [[Al-Shabaab|Al-shabaab]]. Waxay soo bandhigtay kiisas siddeed wariye ah oo lagu qasbay inay dalka ka baxsadaan iyo siddeed la dilay. Mid ka mid ah dadka la dilay waxaa toogtay booliiska federaalka, labo waxaa dilay kooxo aan la garanayn, shan kalena waa lagu dilay weerarrada Al-Shabaab. Waxa kale oo warbixinta ku jiray eedaymo sheegaya in xafiiska Maxamed uu laaluushay hay’adaha waaweyn ee warbaahinta iyada oo loo marayo agaasimayaashooda iyo mulkiilayaasha iyo in saxafiyiinta u shaqeeya aanay awood u lahayn inay si xor ah wax u tabiyaan. Bishii Abriil 2020 Hay’adda Nabad Sugidda iyo Sirdoonka Qaranka ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Harun Macruf, oo ah wariye u shaqeeya Idaacadda Codka Mareykanka uu yahay khatar amni. Tani waxay keentay jawaabta uu ka helay taageero caalami ah oo ku dhow saxafiyiin, aqoonyahanno iyo siyaasiyiin iyadoo safaaradda Mareykanka ay ugu yeertay "xirfadle la ixtiraamo" iyo "mid ka mid ah saxafiyiinta Soomaaliyeed ee ugu saameynta badan." Wariyeyaasha aan xuduuda lahayn waxay xuseen Agoosto 2020 in inkastoo khatarta guud ee saxafiyiinta Soomaaliya ay ku jiraan dadaallo lagu dhimayo weerarrada ka dhanka ah, laakiin waxay walaac ka muujiyeen in sharciyada cusub ee warbaahinta ay ka hooseeyaan heerarka caalamiga ah. Waxa ay xuseen in Askari ka tirsan Ciidanka Booliska oo toogasho ku dilay Suxufiga la xukumay, islamarkaana laga saaray laba Askari oo ka tirsanaa Ciidanka Militariga oo tacadiyo u geystay Suxufiyiinta. Xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ayaa sidoo kale lagu amray in uu baaro dhimashada in ka badan konton weriye oo la dilay sanadkii hore. Bishii Sebteembar 2020 hay’adaha xuquuqul insaanka iyo saxafiyiinta ayaa Maxamed ku dhaleeceeyay hadal uu ku sheegay suxufiyiinta [[Soomaaliyeed]] kuwo aan xirfad lahayn oo uu ku sheegay in qaarkood ay xiriir la leeyihiin Al-shabaab, inkastoo uusan bixin wax caddeyn ah oo arrintan ku saabsan. Cilmi baaraha Amnesty International ee Soomaaliya C/llaahi Xasan ayaa sheegay in weriyaha si joogta ah loogu diido inuu galo xarumaha dowladda, sida [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|baarlamaanka]] iyo [[Aqalka Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya|Villa Soomaaliya]], wuxuuna sheegay in laga mamnuucay inuu wareysiyo la yeesho madaxda dowladda. ===Deynta cafinta=== Sannadkii 2020-kii, Maxamed waxa uu xaqiijiyey in deynta laga cafiyey taas oo kansashay $1.4 bilyan oo dayn ah oo Soomaaliya lagu lahaa.[4] Wuxuu bogaadiyay golaha wasiirada, Ra’iisul Wasaare Xasan Cali Khayre iyo Wasiirka Maaliyadda Mudane. Cabdiraxmaan Ducaale Beyleh guushan ===Iscasilaada Ra'iisul Wasaaraha=== [[File:Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed with Hassan Ali Khaire.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo iyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Xasan Cali Khayre]] Ra’iisul wasaare [[Xasan Cali Khayre|Khayre]] ayaa xilka iska casilay kaddib markii codka kalsoonida loo qaaday 25-kii Luuliyo 2020, isagoo ku eedeeyay inuu ku guul-darreystay ballanqaadyo ay ka mid yihiin horumarinta amniga dalka iyo hirgelinta doorasho qof iyo cod ah oo waqtigeeda ku dhacda. Xil ka qaadista Ra'iisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya ma ahan mid aan caadi ahayn, iyadoo kaliya labo ka mid ah tobankii kor u dhaafayay ee xilka hayay tan iyo 2000 aan xilka laga qaadin. Xoghayaha guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[António Guterres]] ayaa walaac ka muujiyay, isagoo sheegay in ku-simaha Ra’iisul Wasaaraha uusan gudan karin shaqooyinka qaar ee dastuuriga ah maadaama uu si KMG ah u shaqeynayo. ===Heshiiska model doorashada iyo wadahadal=== Kulamo ayaa ka dhacay [[Dhuusamareeb|Dhuusomareeb]] bilihii Luuliyo iyo Agoosto 2020 kuwaas oo dhidibada u taagay heshiiskii qaab doorasho dadban. 17kii Sebteembar 2020 Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya waxay ogolaatay dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah iyagoo ballan qaaday in la qabto doorashada baarlamaanka 1da Diseembar 2020, kadibna ay ku xigto doorashada madaxweynaha Febraayo 2021. Bishii Nofeembar 2020, Madaxweynaha Jubbaland [[Axmed Maxamed Islaam|Axmed Madoobe]] ayaa Maxamed ku eedeeyay inuu jabiyay heshiiskii doorashada Sebteembar ee ay [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|DFS]] ballan ku qaaday inay Ciidanka Qaranka Soomaaliya kala baxayso [[Gedo]], maamulkana loo dhiibo [[Kismaayo]]. Bishii Nofeembar 2020, Golaha Murrashaxiinta Madaxweynaha ayaa soo saaray bayaan ay ku dalbanayaan in la kala diro guddiyada doorashada waxayna ku eedeeyeen Maxamed inuu caqabad ku yahay hirgelinta heshiiskii doorashada. Waxa ay ugu baaqeen Taliyaha [[Hay’adda Sirdoonka iyo Amniga Qaranka|NISA]] Fahad Yaasiin in uu xilka ka dego sababo la xiriira dano is-khilaafsan maadaama uu sidoo kale yahay madaxa ololaha dib u doorashada Maxamed. Golaha Murrashaxiinta Madaxweynaha ayaa Maxamed ku eedeeyay "inuu hareer maray sharciga doorashada isagoo guddiga doorashada iyo xulafadiisa dul-saaray" February 2, 2021, Maxamed ayaa shir saddex maalmood ah magaalada [[Dhuusamareeb]] ugu qabtay madaxda dowlad goboleedyada dalka, isagoo kala hadlay arrimaha doorashada. Wadahadalladan ayaa fashilmay labo maalin ka hor oo lagu waday in la qabto doorashada iyadoo labada dhinac ee dowladda [[Soomaaliya]] iyo madaxweynayaasha dowlad goboleedyada ay ku eedeeyeen burburka dhanka kale tanaasulaad la’aanta. Max’ed ayaa ku eedeeyay in qeyb ka mid ah caqabadaasi ay ka danbeyso faragelin shisheeye, taasi oo ka careysiisay hogaamiyaha [[Jubaland]] oo uu dhowr jeer ku eedeeyay in [[Kenya]] ay taageerto. Habeen ka hor inta uusan bilaabmin wada-hadallada Al-Shabaab ayaa weerar ku qaaday magaalada Dusmareeb, balse waa laga hortagay, iyadoo ciidamada dowladdu ay dileen afar, labo ka mid ah raggii weerarka soo qaadayna ay xabsiga dhigeen. 8-dii Abriil 2021 ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in uu burburay wadahadal u dhaxeeyay dowladda [[Soomaaliya]] iyo madaxweynayaasha maamul goboleedyada [[Puntland]] iyo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]]. Bare ka tirsan [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]] oo cilmiga siyaasadda ka dhiga ayaa ku macneeyay in kalsooni darro ay tahay sababta ugu weyn ee burburka keentay. Waxa uu sheegay in labada dhinac ay aad ugu foogan yihiin sidii midba midka kale uu uga adkaan lahaa intii la xalin lahaa arrimaha taagan 27-ka Abriil 2021, War-murtiyeed ay ku taageerayaan Rooble, ayay Dowlad Goboleedyada [[Hirshabeelle]] iyo [[Galmudug]] ku shaaciyeen inay ka soo horjeedaan muddo kororsiga Maxamed, iyagoo ku baaqay in dib loogu laabto wada-hadallada doorashada. ===Khilaafkii Ra’iisal Wasaare Maxamed Xuseen Rooble=== [[File:Farmaajo-Rooble.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Maxamed iyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Rooble]] 18kii Sebtembar 2020 Maxamed ayaa Ra'iisul Wasaare u magacaabay [[Maxamed Xuseen Rooble]], oo ku cusub siyaasadda. Habeenimadii 18-kii Febraayo ayay dowladdu sheegtay in ay ku qasbanaadeen in ay iska caabiyaan weerarro uga imaanayay kooxo maleeshiyaad ah oo hubeysan oo ku sugnaa agagaarka madaxtooyada. 19-kii Febraayo ciidamada dowladdu waxay rasaas ku fureen dad si nabad ah u mudaaharaadayay oo ka soo horjeeday dib u dhaca doorashada. Musharrixiinta mucaaradka ayaa ku andacoonaya in Maxamed uu isku dayay in lagu dilo bannaanbaxyada oo ay sheegeen in uu wado afgambi. Rooble ayaa sheegay in uu aad uga xun yahay rabshadahaasi, waxa uuna sheegay in banaan bax nabadeed uu yahay mid xaq dimuqraadi ah balse uusan aheyn banaan bax hubeysan. Sidoo kale waxa uu shacabka u xaqiijiyay in doorasho dhici doonto. Warbixin uu soo saaray mid ka mid ah shaqaalaha caafimaadka ee Muqdisho ayaa sheegaysa in ugu yaraan shan askari ay ku dhinteen in ka badan 12 qof oo rayid u badanna ay ku dhaawacmeen rabshado la xiriira iskahorimaadyada. Kadib markii Midowga Yurub, Mareykanka iyo Xafiiska [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ee Soomaaliya ay sheegeen in aysan taageeri doonin muddo kororsi loo sameeyo Maxamed, 25-kii March 2021 Wasiirka Warfaafinta Cusmaan Dubbe ayaa uga digay diblomaasiyiinta shisheeye in ay farageliyaan madax banaanida Soomaaliya. Bare sare oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Soomaaliya, Maxamed Maten, ayaa ra'yigiisa ku sheegay in hadallada dublamaasiyiinta ee ku aaddan dib u dhaca doorashooyinka ay yihiin 'caadada sharciga caalamiga ah', sidaas darteedna aysan sinaba u ahayn faragelin lagu hayo madax-bannaanida Soomaaliya. 12-kii Abriil 2021 Golaha Shacabka ee Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ayaa cod aqlabiyad ah ku ansixiyay in muddo kordhin loo sameeyo Maxamed. Daqiiqado ka dib, aqalka sare ayaa ka soo horjeestay, waxayna ku dhawaaqeen in codeynta ay tahay tallaabo aan dastuuri ahayn. Iyadoo ka jawaabaysa diidmo badan oo uga yimid beesha caalamka, wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya ayaa soo saartay bayaan ay ku sheegtay inay ' diidayaan iskuday kasta oo lagu doonayo in gargaarka bani'aadamnimo loo adeegsado dalka madow. Dowladda [[Boqortooyada Midowday|UK]] ayaa sheegtay in tallaabadan ay keeni karto in dib u qiimeyn lagu sameeyo nooca kaalmada ay siiyaan Soomaaliya iyo xiriirka ay la leeyihiin [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|dowladda Soomaaliya,]] waxaana ay sheegtay in arrintaas ay la kaashan doonaan saaxiibada caalamka Bob Menendez, oo ah guddoomiyaha guddiga xiriirka dibadda ee Senate-ka Mareykanka ayaa isku dayga ku tilmaamay 'jebin ka dhan ah xeerarka dimoqraadiyadda', isagoo sheegay in ficilladan oo kale ay halis u yihiin xasilloonida Soomaaliya'. Maxamed wuxuu ku sheegay wareysi uu siiyay idaacada 16-kii Abriil 2021 in uu fahamsan yahay in Soomaaliya ay u baahan tahay taageero dibadeed si ay u horumarto, balse aysan u baahnayn faragelin. Isaga oo diiradda saaraya doorashada “hal qof iyo hal cod” ayuu sheegay in codeynta baarlamaanka aysan wax xil ah u kordhin, wuxuuna intaas ku daray in uu mar walba ku dadaalayo sidii uu kor ugu qaadi lahaa xiriirka uu la leeyahay dhammaan asxaabta labada dhinac iyo kuwa badan, “Tani waa sida kaliya ee lagu gaarsiin karo danaha guud ee dhammaan ummadaha iyo dadka”. Rabshado ayaa mar kale ka dhacay Soomaaliya 25-kii Abriil 2021 markaas oo maleeshiyaad ka soo horjeeda muddo kordhinta Maxamed ay la dagaalameen ciidamada ammaanka ee dowladda. Mucaaradku waxay ku eedeeyeen kororka weerarrada guryaha laba ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashooda, halka wasiirka amniga gudaha ee Soomaaliya uu beeniyay in dowladdu ay weerartay, wuxuuna eedda dusha ka saaray dalal shisheeye oo aan la aqoonsan. Ka dib saddex maalmood oo ay Muqdisho ka socdeen iska-horimaadyo ka dhashay muddo kororsi Maxamed, oo sababay kala qaybsanaan ciidamada amniga iyo 60,000 ilaa 100,000 oo qof oo ka qaxay guryahoodii, Maxamed wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan sii wadi doonin muddo kororsi labo sano ah. 29-kii Abriil 2021, Maxamed waxa uu Rooble ka codsaday in uu iscasilo, taas oo Rooble uu diiday. 1dii Meey 2021, Maxamed wuxuu u wakiishay hawsha kormeerka doorashada sida ku cad heshiiskii Sebtembar 17 iyo mas'uuliyadda amniga doorashada Rooble. Bishii Agoosto 2021 Rooble waxa uu si cad ugu khilaafay Maxamed in la mamnuuco heshiisyo ganacsi oo uu la galay xisbiyo shisheeye oo uu Maxamed ku soo rogay xilligii doorashada, taas oo uu Rooble ku andacoodey in ay ka hor imanayso dastuurka, balse khilaafkaas ayaa lagu soo afjaray afar maalmood gudahood. Bishii Sebtembar 2021 ayaa Maxamed iyo Rooble ka dhex qarxay muran ku saabsan baadhista dilka ee Ikraan Tahliil Faarax,[103] kadib markii Rooble uu shaqada ka joojiyey agaasimihii hay’adda nabad sugidda iyo sirdoonka qaranka ee NISA [[Fahad Yaasiin]], Maxamedna uu laalay go’aankiisa, kuna tilmaamay mid aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Rooble waxa uu Maxamed ku eedeeyay “in uu ishortaagay baadhista wax-ku-oolka ah ee kiiskii Ikraan Tahliil Faarax”. 8-dii Sebteembar 2021, [[Aqalka Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya|Villa Soomaaliya]] ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Yaasiin uu iska casilay xilkii taliyaha NISA, Maxamedna isla markiiba waxa uu u magacaabay lataliyihiisa Amniga Qaranka. Saaxiibada Soomaaliya ee caalamiga ah waxay ku baaqeen in baaritaan lagu kalsoonaan karo lagu sameeyo waayitaanka Ikraan.16kii Sebteembar 2021, Maxamed waxa uu kala noqday Rooble awoodihii fulinta ee Ra’iisal-wasaarenimo isaga oo ka jawaabaya khilaafkan socda, tallaabo uu Rooble ku gacan saydhay oo uu ku tilmaamay sharci darro. Khilaafkan ayaa la sheegay in la xaliyay bisha Oktoobar si ay doorashadu u dhacdo iyadoo aan dib u dhac kale dhicin Bishii Diseembar 2021, Maxamed waxa uu Rooble kala noqday maamulkii qabanqaabada doorashooyinka soo socda, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in la sameeyo guddi cusub oo korjoogta ka ah. Tani waxay ku kaliftay Rooble inuu ku eedeeyo Maxamed inuu wax u dhimayo habraaca doorashada 26 December 2021. 28kii Diseembar 2021, Rooble waxa uu Maxamed ugu baaqay in uu si degdeg ah meesha uga baxo oo uu xoogga saaro ololaha doorashada soo socota. 10-kii Janaayo 2022, madaxda Soomaalidu waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay heshiis ku gaareen in doorashada baarlamaanka lagu soo gabagabeeyo 25-ka Febraayo, ka dib dib u dhacyo soo noqnoqday oo halis geliyay xasilloonida dalka. Heshiiska ayaa la gaaray ka dib wadahadalo dhowr maalmood qaatay oo Rooble uu la qaatay madaxda dowlad goboleedyada, kaasi oo lagu doonayay in lagu soo afjaro is mari waaga ka dhashay doorashada. ===Dacwadaha=== Afar kiis ayaa loo gudbiyay oo laga diiwaan galiyay Maxkamadda Dambiyada Caalamiga ah ee Hague, kuwaas oo ka dhan ah [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya]] intii uu maamulkii Maxamed hayay ee ku saabsan dambiyo ka dhan ah bini’aadantinimada iyo xad-gudubyo culus oo ka dhan ah xuquuqda aadanaha intii uu xilka hayay. Dacwadahan waxaa maxkamadda ICC ka gudbiyay koox qareeno caalami ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Yuusuf Cabdi Faarax bishii Sebtembar 2021. Qareennada ayaa ku hawlan saddex kiis oo dheeri ah. ==Abaalmarino iyo maamuus== Shirka Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay ee 2019 ee [[New York]], Maxamed wuxuu si wada jir ah u guddoomay Abaalmarinta Hoggaaminta Hoggaaminta ee Concordia isaga oo la guddoonsiiyay Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Axmed iyo Madaxweynaha [[Eratareya]] Isaias Afwerki. ==Booqo== *[https://twitter.com/M_Farmaajo Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed] ([[Twitter]]) {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br />{{small|Dawladdii Qabyada}}}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya]]|years= tan iyo 2017}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} [[Category:Madaxda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Raiisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraacyo== [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53268582 "Aragtida: Muxuu Donald Trump ka qaldan yahay Soomaaliya BBC wararka. Julaay 6, 2020.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083800/http://www.allgedo.com/2012/03/15/why-we-need-pm-farmajo-of-somalia-to-run-for-president-in-2012-by-a-m-majabe/ "Sababta Ugu Baahanahay In RW Farmaajo Uu U Sharaxo Xilka Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya 2012"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/world/africa/somalia-president.html "Madaxweynihii Buffalo ka yimid ee Soomaaliya qarka u saaray"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611104417/http://www.buffalonews.com/city/article220990.ece Warka Buffalo. Laga kaydiyay] [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en/the-presidency/the-president/ Xafiiska Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en/the-presidency/the-president/ |date=20201003232855 }} [https://www.horndiplomat.com/2020/10/24/ugandan-president-meets-somalias-first-lady-saynab-abdi-moallim/ "Madaxweynaha Uganda Oo La Kulmay Marwada Koowaad Ee Soomaaliya Saynab Cabdi Macalin"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2020/10/24/ugandan-president-meets-somalias-first-lady-saynab-abdi-moallim/ |date=20220331001850 }} [https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/somalia-s-president-renounces-american-citizenship-1424076 "Madaxwaynaha Somaliya Oo Ka Tanaasulay Dhalashada Maraykanka"] [https://www.voanews.com/a/butty-somalia-new-pm-analysis-aligas-15october10-105009799/156109.html "Waaya aragnimada" Ra'iisul Wasaaraha cusub ee Soomaaliya oo lagu amaanay Falanqeeyaha"] [https://af.reuters.com/article/somaliaNews/idAFLDE69D20820101014 Cusbooneysiinta 1-Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya oo Ra’iisul Wasaare u magacaabay Maxamed Cabdullaahi”] {{Wayback|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/somaliaNews/idAFLDE69D20820101014 |date=20160304080845 }} [https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/28/profile-somalia-s-cheese-president-mohammed-abdullahi-mohammed-farmajo/ "Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515182825/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/briefs/articles/90029659?Somali_PM%3A_Anyone_in_gov&%23146%3Bt_who_commits_corruption_will_be_brought_to_justice “Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya: Qof kasta oo ka tirsan dowladda oo musuq maasuq sameeya waxaa la horgeyn doonaa sharciga”] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13830470 "RW Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed waa is-casilay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/world/africa/11somalia.html New York Times. Juun 11, 2011. Waxaa laga kaydiyay asalka Julaay 31, 2017. Febraayo 11, 2017.] [https://buffalonews.com/news/local/for-somalias-president-leaving-wny-was-difficult-but-worth-it/article_fd018435-d515-5ed8-a56b-a6ec09ad0107.html Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, ka tagista WNY waxay ku ahayd mid adag, laakiin 'ay mudan tahay'] [https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-08-23/new-york-state-civil-servant-somalia Socdaalka Soomaali Maraykan ah ee uu ku tagayo Maraykanka iyo dib ugu laabashada wadankiisii ​​ayaa si buuxda u soo baxay] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103758/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2999 War Deg Deg Ah:- Ra’iisal Wasaarihii Hore Ee Farmaajo Oo Sameeyay Xisbi Siyaasadeed Oo Cusub.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120913095606/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Federal_Parliament_elects_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud_as_President.shtml "Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya oo Madaxweyne u doortay Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud"] [https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/08/514089778/in-somalias-historic-presidential-election-a-surprise-victor-declared "Doorashadii Madaxtinimada Soomaaliya ee Taariikhiga ahayd, Guul la yaab leh ayaa lagu dhawaaqay"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-58593461 "Maxaan ka naqaannaa Farmaajo iyo Rooble oo khilaafkooda cirka isku sii shareeray?"] [https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211227-somalia-s-president-says-pm-roble-suspended-as-election-spat-deepens “Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Oo Sheegay In RW Rooble Shaqada Laga Joojiyey, Iyadoo Doorashadu Sii Kordheyso”] [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-join-campaign-trail-pm-roble-tells-farmaajo Garowe Online. Juun 30, 2020. Diseembar 28, 2021.] [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/74th-un-general-assembly-2019/somali-leader-receives-concordia-leadership-award-in-us/1592209 Wakaaladda Anadolu. Sebtember 24, 2019.] [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/9/somalias-leaders-agree-to-hold-delayed-election-by-february-25 Aljaziira Ingiriis la helay Janaayo 10, 2022.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211021091448/https://www.somaliaffairs.com/features/international-lawyers-sue-farmaajo-govt-over-crimes-against-humanity/ Arrimaha Soomaaliya. Sebtembar 26, 2021.] o4smow7yicna554e0tjq1106jql0jt2 0 11429 302358 293468 2026-07-14T12:54:28Z Yahye Hussein 46327 /* Maki Xaaji Banaadir */ 302358 wikitext text/x-wiki Ku sali Nebbi Maxamed NNKH. {{Fanka Soomaalida}} Tan ilaa wakhti aad u horeeyay bulshada [[Soomaali]]du waxay caan ku ahayd [[halabuur]]ka [[gabay|gab]]ayada, [[geeraar]]ka iyo noocyada kala duwan ee [[suugaan]]ta taasi oo qayb ka ahayd nolosha maalinle ee bulshada. Odhaahda, afka iyo xikmaddu waxay ahaayeen nidaam bulshadu iskugu gudbiso fariimaha, dhacdooyinka, sheekada iyo wixii la mid ah.<ref>http://www.thenationofpoets.com/</ref> Dadka Soomaalida waxay leeyihiin tiro aad u badan oo [[abwaan]]o, [[gabay|gaby]]aa, [[halabur|hal’abuur]] iyo [[suugaan]]yahan ah, kuwaas oo ku nool dhamaan geyiga dadka Soomaalidu ku dhaqan yahay. Guud ahaan, gabyaaga Soomaalidu aad ayuu u badan yahay waxaase kuwa ugu caansan ka mid ahaa: * Raage Ugaas ( boqorka gabayga ) * Sayid Maxamed Cabdile Xasan * Cali Jaamac Haabiil * Ismaaciil Qoorleex * Qamaan bulxan * Abwaan Dhoodaan * [[Cabdi Gorod]] * Axmed Sheekh Cali (Heelaale) * Arab Jiir * Abwaan xussen Abdulle (Samaysane) * abwaan Maxamed Cali kaariye * abwaan Axmed Xasan dhoolaraar * abwaan Maxamed Nuur Raabi Cabdi * abwaan Hire * Xasan Sulub * Ugaas Cabdi Cumar (Udub la Aslay) * Muxumed Kooshin Warfaa * Muxumed Kooshin Warfaa * Cabdiqaadir Yamyam * Cabdule Aadan Cidhibeey * Macalin Axmed Caynoosh * Abwaan Xasan Guulwade * Maxamed Daahir Xasan * C/nuur Cali Muslim * Yuusuf Uureey * Jaamac Dheri * Maxamed Cabdilahi (Gandaal) * Maxamuud Cabdilahi Ciise (Singub) * Maax Dhagoole * Muxumed cilmi dhagaweyne * Aw Faarax Jibriil * Iimaan Cubeed * Cali Dhuux Aadan [Gorayo] * Faarax Xuseen Sharmaarke *Ugaas Nuur *Cali Bucul * Cabdi Galayax * Ismaaciil Mire Cilmi * Gabyaa Suusle * Samatar Baxnaan * Weerar Bulxan * Aadan Carab *Bidde Faarax Gaas *Barre Cilmi Dable [Barre-Yare] * Ismaaciil Maxammed Ismaaciil [ Quruxboob] * Afxakame * Faarax Afcad * Garaad Wiil-Waal * Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid * Cali Duulane * Koosafaare * Saahid Qamaan * Mataan Ciideed * Jaamac Kadiye * Halac Dheere * Cilmi Carab Cabdi * Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise * Aw Daahir Af-Qarshe * Cumar Cigaal * Xaaji khaliif Aw Axmed * Axmed Dirir * Siciid Qamax Nuur * Qamaan Bidhiidh * Cartan Boos * Carab Sandheere * Yuusuf dheere Maxammed Sugaal * Mataan Cabdi Dhoore * Cambaro Nuux * Maxammed Aadan Maaweel * Geele Cashuur * Colujoog Daleel * Ducaale Aboor * Xareed Duubi deero * Xuseen Dhiqle * Maxammed Cumar Dage * Maxammed Cali beenaley *ayjeex Cali Beenaley * Cismaan Baxnaan * Salaan Carabbey * Maxamed Sugaal Geele Diiriye * Maxamed Nuur Fadal * Xaaji Aadan Afqalooc * Cabdi iidaan faarax * Yawle * Cabdi Gahayr * Aadam Yuusuf Shabeel(Aflow) * Gamuute * Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye Qaasim * Abuukar Axmad Fanaxow (Garbadheere) * Cabdulaahi Suldaan Timacade * Awmuuse Ismaciil * Ismaaciil Looti * Maxamad Ismaaciil Loot * khaliif Shiikh Maxamuud * Cali Cilmi Afyare * Moxamoud Ilda Nuur Cidlowcarar * Cumar Awmuuse * Nuur Cismaan Cidlowacarar * Gooni Abdi * Guuleed Jucfe Samatar * Cali Sharmaarke *Maxamed Hussen gacma dheere *Maxamuud Tukaale *Cali gurey * Cabdiraxmaan Cabdiqaadie * Cali Xildiid Warsame * Warsame Sugule Warsame * Cheif caaqil Maxammuud Xoosh * Maxamed Nuur Laangadhe * Adan mahad Afdhurbo * Xasan Shiil gabayawayte * Mohamed Seleebaan -Afwaranle <br /> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/culture/somalia-is-a-%E2%80%98nation-of-poets%E2%80%99/770/ |access-date=2013-06-30 |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113009/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/culture/somalia-is-a-%E2%80%98nation-of-poets%E2%80%99/770/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sidoo kale jiilasha dambe waxaa ka mid ah Xasan Sheekh Muumin (Gaafane) https://so.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xasan_Sheekh_Mumin[[Maxamed{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Ibraahim Warsame(Hadraawi), Cabdiqaadir Xirsi (YAM YAM)(aadan tarabbi jaamac) (ABWAAN GAARIYE) (Ayaanle Maxammed Ismaaciil (Dubad), [[Cabdiqaadir Xirsi Siyaad]] [Jaamac Kadiye], [[Maxamuud Cabdilaahi Ciise]] (Sangub), Maxamed Xaji Xuseen (sheeko Xariir), Axmed Faarax Cali [Idaajaa], Shimiraaye.shire == Hordhac == Aduunka suugaanta daabacan, gaar ahaan maansada; Carab ayaa leh suugaanta ugu fac wayn aduunka iyada oo noocyo badan oo kala duwan ay jirto suugaanta Carbeed. Soomaalida dhulkeeda qariirad ahaan dhaca dariska qariirada Carabta, ayaa waxaa jirta in Soomaalida ay sida Carabta qiimo badan suugaantu u leedahay iyada oo dhaqanka iyo hidaha soo jireenka ah ee ab' ka soo gaadhka ah ay in badan ku dheehantahay qadarinta suugaanta. Waxyaabaha kale ee dhaqanka Soomaalida lagu yaqaan waa gaare, bulshada Soomaali waxay ku caan tahay suugaanta iyo sooyaal odhaaheed iyada oo loogu magac daray '''Qarankii Gabayada'''.<ref>http://www.thenationofpoets.com/</ref> Gabayaa wadana gabayaa halgamaa ah suugaanyahanka soomaaliyeed ala ha u naxariistee xaaji aadan afqalooc wuxuu noolaa kudhawaad qarni iyo rubuc wuxuu ku dashay deegaanka ceeri gaabo gaar ahaan meesha loo yaqaan hal dhaagan ee toga midhisho sida lagu xuso taariikhda 1871 wuxuu noolaa ilaa =1986= hadaan yar DULMARO SUUgaanta XAAJIGA TUSAALE OBANIMO GAbaygan waxuu tiriyay 1943 wuxuu yidhi samaan laguma doonee xornimo waa sanga ufuule salax dakharleh mayd soobiriyo seedo waran gooyo soofkoo lakala qaadiyo siigo uduusha haweenkoo ganbada saydha iyo sabi agoomooba iyo libintu waxay saarantahay iyo libintu suluf colaaleede saliga iyo alaahu akbartay siri ka buuxdaaye sawaariikhda waxaa noogadhigan suuratu ikhlaase naftuna saacad bayleedahoon abidna seegayne siyaado iyo nusqaan lagumadaro suu ilaayidhiye kuwa saymihii nabadgalaa seexday oo go aye saxarba waa dilaa nimaan waqtiga sed uga laabnayne geesiga sinaad wayn leh iyo fulaha seeraara geerina usiman sharafna way kalasareeyaane safka ninkii kabaqa ee warmaha sugi aqoon waaya saldhigiisu waa sakhara naareede gobanimo sunbaa kaa xigtoo laysma siin karo e waa sarac kubaxa dhiig rag oo lagu sadqeeyaaye sarakaca kufrigu waa sasabo suu naleeyahaye=wat Waayaha Suugaanta Soomaaliyeed == Qarniyo badan muddo laga joogo ilaa iyo haatan, waxay suugaanta Soomaaliyeed door lixaad leh ka qaadatay kobaca dhaqanka iyo waxa mideeya bulshada. Qarnigii 14aad waayihii uu noolaa ANU Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Saylici, waayihii dhexe ee Suldaan Diiriye oo ku beegan qarnigii ay noolaayeen aabayaashii Raage Ugaas, Wiilwaal iyo ragii ay isku waqtiga ahaayeen oo haatan laga joogo labo qarni iyo bar ama 1730yadii, ayaa hobolada ku caan baxay suugaanta iyo maansada noocyadeeda kale duwan sida gabay, geeraar oo faraca sare waxaa soo bilowda diiwaanka magacyada la yaqaan hobaladaas ama abwaanadaas caanka ah. Mudo 230 sano ah ayaa ka soo wareegtay markii gabay loo adeegsaday meeriksa 'hooyaalayeey' iyada oo uu Raage Ugaas Warfaa lahaa gabaygaas. Taas waxay noo cadaynaysaa in ugu yaraan 5 qarni mudo ka badan suugaanta Soomaaliyeed ay si hufan u jirtay waagaasna soo gaartay heer aad u sareeya == Hooyaalayeey Hooyaalayey Hooye == Habka ku luuqaynta suugaanta maansada, gaar ahaan '''hooyaalayeey''' ayaa wuxuu bilowday waayihii abwaanka caanka ah ee Raage Ugaas Warfaa, isuguna noqday qofka habkaas soo caanbixiyay. Ereyada '''Hooyaalayeey hooyaalalyey hooye''' waxaa lagu furfurtaa maansada hobalo badan oo dhextaal uga dhiga gabayga meelo badana ka geliya ayaa jira. Muranka in abwaan Raage Ugaas Warfaa bilabay hooyaalayeey <ref>http://www.weedhsan.com/index.php/qalinleyda-weedhsan/7128-damac-waashay-baa-jira-axmed-idaajaa-iyo-raage-ugaas-w-q-cabdixakiin-marayare</ref>, eeg tixdan hoose cid ka horaysay oo sidan u qeexdayna ma jirto mar hadaanan lahayne, suugaanta qoran wixii ku cad unbaa raadraac ah. Cadii u diidana xujo ayay ku tahay inay cadayn kale keento: Wuxuu yiri raage ugaas: * Hooyaalayeey gabayga way ugu horaysaayee * Halna kuma tarto e maansadaa lagu hagaajaa e Badiyaa waxaad arkaysaa in ragga un uu adeegsado ereyada 'hooyaalayeey' halka maansada dumarka aan marnaba la adeegsan. Suugaanta inta ay ka koobantahay-deeganaada geyiga Soomaaliyeedn, degmo walba waxay leedahay cayaaro hidaha soohdinta dhow ay ku caantahay; galbeed, waqooyi, gobollada dhexe, bari, bartamaha wadanka, koonfur iyo galbeed bari ee Kiinya haysato. Diiwaanka abwaanada Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan kuwa waayihii dhexe, waxay la fac yihiin taariikhda la hayo abwaanada suugaanta Ameerika. Yurub, Afrika iyo Aasiya in yar ayaa ka taariikh dheer ama mudnaan baahsan siiya suugaanta sida aan anaga u siino. Bulshada Soomaaliyeed, yar iyo weyn, waxaa suurtagal ah in uu qof xafidiyo maanso qarniyo dhowr ah cimrigeedu yahay.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/culture/somalia-is-a-%E2%80%98nation-of-poets%E2%80%99/770/ |access-date=2013-06-30 |archive-date=2013-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113009/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/culture/somalia-is-a-%E2%80%98nation-of-poets%E2%80%99/770/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Magacyada== Diiwaanka Abwaanada Soomaaliyeed ee aadka loo yaqaan, walow diiwaano qoraal jiraan taxa ilaa 70 hobal oo caanah, waxaa safka hore kaga jira raga ay ka midka yihiin Garaad Faarax Garaad oo loo yaqaan Wiilwaal iyo dadkii isku waqtiga ay ahaayeen sida abwaanka caanka ah ee: *Ugaas Cabdi Cumar (Udub la Aslay) *Arab Jiir * Xasan Sulub *Cali-Dhuux Aadan *Qamaan Bulxan *Koosafaare *Samatar Baxnaan * Raage Ugaas Warfaa * Ismaaciil Mire * Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan * Cilmi Carab Cabdi * Aadan Yuusuf Axmed (Aadan Carab) * Qamaan Bidhiidh * Siciid Qamax Nuur *Ugaas Nuur *Cali Bucul * Axmed Dirir * Maxammed Aadan maaweel * Khaliif Wallah * Yuusuf Dheere * Cali Duulane * Afxakame * Mataan Cabdi dhoore * Jaamac Kadiye * Kayd Maxamed cabdalla * Cartan Boos * Ducaale Aboor * Geele Cashuur * Col ujoog Daleel * Suusle * Carab sandheere * Xuseem dhiqle * Cabdulaahi Macalim axmed ( Dhoodaan) Diiwaanka abwaanada Soomaaliyeed hobalada ku jira waxay ku caan yihiin maansada nooceeda culus ee gabayga ah. Geeraar ayaa ku xiga gabayga. Noocyada kale ee lagu luuqeeyo, xulashada erayga ilaa habka tixida haduu khalad ku yimaado waa 'deelqaaf' ama darajo hoose oo aan gabay ahayn ayaa la siin. Hobalada dumarka Soomaaliyeed waxay soo caan baxeen kontankaan sano wixii ka dambeeyay laga soo bilaabo waayihii gobonimo doonka. ==A== *abwaan axmed maxamed cali kaariye *abwaan axmed xan dhoola raaaar * abwaan maxmed nuur raabi cabdi * abwaan hire *Abdi qaadir Xisri (Yam Yam) * Aw Faarax Jibriil * Ahmed ismaciil diriye ( Qaasim ) * Aadan Yuusuf Axmed (Aadan Carab) * Abshir Nuur Faarax (Abshir Bacadle, alle ha unaxariistee) * Axmadey Cabdi Gaashaan * Abuukar Axmad Fanaxow (Garbadheere) * Aadan Muudeey * Axmad Awgeeddi dheeraad * Aadan Shire Faarax (Laba go'le) * Abwaan A/raxmaan mulac Adiibi *Axmadeey Cabdi Gaanshaan ==Maxamuud Maxamed Caydiid == * Cali Sharmaake *Cali Cilmi Xasan ( Cali Maanso ) * Cabdi Gahayr * Cabdi Galayax Maxamed Aw Magan (Cabdi Galayax) * Cabdiqaadir Xirsi Siyaad (Yamyam) * Cabdi Sheekh Biixi (alle haw naxariistee) * Cabdullaahi Macalin Dhoodaan(alle haw naxariistee) * Cabdullaahi Suldaan Tima Cadde * Camaje (Xuseen) Yogol Furre * Cali Cilmi Afyare * Cali Jaamac Haabiil *Cabdillaahi Maxamed Xirsi (Salaan Carrabey) * Cabdi Aadan Axmed (Aadan Yare) ama (Toosi-luquntaada) *cabdullahi cusman guure * Cabdi Muxumad Amiin * Cabdi Dhuux Yuusuf * Cabdi Xasan Ducaale (Hilaacdheere) *Cabdi Xandule Axmed=dawdar *Cal Dhuux Aadan *Cilmi Carab Cabdi *Cabdi IIdan Faarax * cilmi barrow cilmi hiiraan *Cabdille Xuseen (Samaysane) * cali sugule duncarbeed *Cali Bucul *Cali Gunburi *Cali Faadhigo *Cabdi casayr *Cabdulqaadir Cali Cigaal *Cumar Xaaji Xuseen (Austrelia) *Cige Jaamac (Cige Dameer) * Cabdi Kaamil Cawaale (Naftiihure) ==F== * Faarax Goleleey * Faarax Xasan Cali (Faarax Afcad) * Faarax Xuseen Sharmaarke * Faarax Nuur Wacays *faarax gabay *Faarax gaas *Faarax Shuuriye ==I== * Ismaaciil Mire Cilmi * Ismaaciil Qoorleex * Igarre Yaasiin Xaaji * Islaaw Nuur Abiikar Cilmi * Ismaaciil Xirsi Farxaan * Ismaciil Cigaal Bulaale * Gaashaan Cali Tacab * jaamac shalaqbeen * jaamac kediye cilmi *Jaamac Dayuurad *Jaamac Daad Bulaale cawke Ka'leyda * Kayd Maxamed Cabdalla *Khaliif shiikh Maxamuud *khaliif xasan walah *Khaliif Xarbi Ismaaciil *khaliif Aw Axmed * Khadiija Ciise Faracadde == M == * Maxamed Cali kaariye * [[Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame]] (Hadraawi) * Maxamed maxamuud fidhin * Maxamed ismaaciil barkhad cas maxamuud cali beenalay iyo maax dhagoole * Maxamed nuur laangadhe * Mustafe Sh Cilmi * Maxamed Axmednuur Xirsi " Afcadde" * Maxamed Guuleeto *Maxamuud Yuusuf yeey (Shire quube) *Maxamed fiin * Maxamad Xaashi Dhamac (Gaariye) * Maxamed Aadan Caws (YAWLE) *Maxamuud Faarax guure (Quryo guban) * Maxamed Cali Ilwayn *Maxamed Cismaan Awcali (Ganey) *Maxamed Cali walash (Kaba cune) *Maxamuud Jaamac Nuux (Maxamuud Daallin) *Maymuun Xasan Biyow Jowhar *Magaay Garaare Cili Jowhar *[[Maki Xaaji Banaadir]] *Samatar Khadar Saleban == N == * Nuur Cismaan Cidlowcarar * Nuur faruur buur * Nuur Bucul ==S== * Sayid Maxamed Cabdile Xasan * Salaan-carabey * Suufi Aw Cali *Samatar Baxnaan *Shire yuusuf yeey 'Shire Quube' *Sugule dun'carbeed *Samatar Khadar Saleban == U == * Ugaas Nuur ==X== *Xasan Sheekh Muumin Gaafane *Xassan Tarabi * Xassan Abdi haji * Xasan xayle * Xussen Abdulle (Samaysane) * Xuseen Aw-faarax Dubbad *Xasan Maxamuud Baaruud *Xaaji Khaliif Aw Axmed * Xayo galaydh * Xaaji Aadan Af Qalooc * Xaliimo Soofe * Xasan Cilmi Dirieh * Xasan ganay * Xuseen Xasan *Xasan daahir Khalaf *xasan kaafi abdi sheikhdoon * Aadan cabdi Aadan (Kulmiye) == W == * Warsame (Qoob Adhiile) == Y == Yamyam - Cabdiqaadir Xirsi Yamyam Yusuf Osman Abdalle (Shaacir) Yaxye Qurac ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Fanka Soomaalida]] * [[Dhaqan Soomaali]] * [[Gabay]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Suugaanta]] ehr2dwwsyserrwpy29g9ztk4wznsyrd 0 12657 302369 299920 2026-07-14T17:42:01Z Videoiib7 46243 /* 99ka Magac Ee Allah Subxaanahu Watacaala Leeyahay */ 302369 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Alle (s.w). Bogaga [[Alle]], [[Allah]] waxa laga soo toosiyay halkan.'' {{Islaam}} '''[[Alle]]''', '''[[Allah]]''', '''Ilaah''', iyo '''Rabbi''' ([[Af-Carabi]]: الله; {{lang-it|Dio}}; {{lang-en|God}}; Ge'ez: እግዚአብሔር) ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|æ|l|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|l|ə}}; <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/allah "Allah"]. ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.</ref> {{lang-ar|الله}} {{transl|ar|ALA|''Allāh''}}, {{IPA-ar|ʔalˤˈlˤɑːh|IPA|Ar-Allah.oga}}) (''[[Arabic definite article|al]] ilāh'').<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/tacliinta-kitaabka/suʼaalo/magacyada-ilaahay/ Ilaahay Immisa Magac Buu Leeyahay?]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html God. Islam: Empire of Faith] (en)</ref><ref>"Islam iyo Christianity", ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as ''Allāh''.</ref><ref>Allah, Encyclopaedia of Islam Online, L. Gardet, 2 May 2007}}</ref> waa awooda guud ee maamula [[koon]]ka iyo wixii ku dhex jira ee [[dad]]ka, [[xayawaan]]ka, [[jin]]ka, [[malag|malaa'igta]], [[shaydaan]]ka iyo wixii soo raaca. Sida ku xusan [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, Ilaahay waa: :::″[[Aqoon]]-badane, [[Awood]]-badane, wax kasta maqla, wax kasta arka, wax kasta og, kan ugu wanaagsan, siduu doono yeele, waligiis soo noolaa, waligiis noolaan doona, waxba aan dhalin, asaga la dhalin, Kan ugu weyn, Kali, Kow, naxariis badane, ciqaab adke, Kan ugu horeeya, Kan ugu dambeeya, Boqor, Boqorka boqorada, Deeq badane, Nabadgelye, Hanuuniye, Toosiye, Abuure iyo astaamo badan oo kale.″ Alle waa kan abuuray [[duni]]da wixii ku dhexjira ee nool iyo aan noolayn, [[meere]]yaasha, [[qorax]]da, [[xidig]]aha, [[hawo|hawada]], [[biyo|biyaha]] iyo guud ahaan [[Koon]]ka. Sidoo kale, Ilaahay Asaga ayaa maamula dhamaan nolosha, dhimashada, arsaaqada iyo wixii la halmaala.<ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10620032 Sikhs target of 'Allah' attack] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10620032 |date=20190403114253 }}, Julia Zappei, Jan. 14, 2010, ''The New Zealand Herald''. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11139915 Malaysia court rules non-Muslims can't use 'Allah'] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11139915 |date=20190403114255 }}, Oct. 14, 2013, ''The New Zealand Herald''. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/02/us-malaysia-religion-idUSBREA010C120140102 Malaysia's Islamic authorities seize Bibles as Allah row deepens] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/02/us-malaysia-religion-idUSBREA010C120140102 |date=20140116121501 }}, Niluksi Koswanage, Jan. 2, 2014, Reuters. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014</ref> [[File:Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, Allah.jpg|left|thumb|Allah oo ku qoran farta [[Carab]]iga]] [[File:Allah name in different languages.png|left|thumb|Allah oo ku qoran noocyo badan oo farta caalamka ah]] Ilaahay (s.w.t) waa kan abuuray dhamaan [[nolol|nolosha]], isla markaana maamula jiritaanka, calafka, nolosha iyo dhimashada wakhtigooda. Sida [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ku inoo sheegay awoodaha [[Alle]] waxaa ugu waawayn abuurida [[cir]]ka iyo [[dhul]]ka, iyo [[duni|duunyooyinka]] kale, [[malag|malaa'igta]], [[dad]]ka, [[jini|jinka]] iyo dhamaan [[noole|noolaha]] ku dhexjira [[koon]]ka. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira [[jano]] iyo [[cadaab]] la isku xisaabin doono [[aakhiro]]. [[File:Arabic components (letters) in the word Allah.svg|thumb|right|240px| Ereyada af-Carabi ee kelmada "Allah" ka samaysan tahay:<br />1. [[carabi|alif]]<br />2. [[carabi|hamzat waṣl]] (همزة وصل)<br />3. [[carabi|lām]]<br />4. lām<br />5. [[carabi|shadda]] (شدة)<br />6. [[carabi|dagger alif]] (ألف خنجرية)<br />7. [[carabi|hāʾ]]]] Kelmada "Allah" waxay ka timid luuqada [[Carabi]]ga ah ee uu ku soo degay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka. Dhamaan dadka qaatay diinta Islaamku waxay sidoo kale isticmaalaan magacyada Alle ee luuqada carabiga ah. Waxaa jira [[Magacyada Allah|99 Magac]] oo Ilaahay (s.w) leeyahay, kuwaasi oo dhamaan xusaya weeynida iyo astaamaha Alle.<ref>[http://www.srigranth.org srigranth.org]</ref> Dhamaan diimaha ka jira caalamka waxay ku salaysan yihiin caabuditaanka Ilaahay, waloow ay siyaabo kala duwan u sharaxaan u cibaadeystaan. Diimaha la isku yidhaahdo "Abrahamiga" oo ku abtirsada [[Nabi Ibraahim]] (c.s) (kuwaasi oo kala ah [[Islaam]]ka, [[Masiixi]]ga iyo [[Yuhuud|Mosaic]]ga) waxay dhamaan aaminsan yihiin oo ka mideeysan yihiin inuu jiro '''Hal Alle''', kaasi oo ah Kan abuuray [[dhul]]ka iyo [[cir]]ka iyo wixii ku dhexjira.<ref>L. Gardet, "Allah", ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref><ref>Smith Peter A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith, 2000 Oneworld Publications, pages 274–275</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140428184606/http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf unicode.org]</ref> Many Arabic type fonts feature special typographic ligature|ligatures]] for Allah.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Arabic fonts and Mac OS X |url=http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicFonts.html |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-date=2008-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310022047/http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicFonts.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Programs for Arabic in Mac OS X |url=http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicProgsx.html |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006005022/http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicProgsx.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diinta Islaamka waxaa ku xusan jiritaanka iyo weeynida Alle, waxaana marar badan dadka la xasuusiyaa awooda Allah iyo mucjisooyinkiisa. Talaabada koowaad ee marka qofku soo galayo diinta Islaamka ayaa ah [[Shahaadah|Shahaadada]] taasi oo sheegaysa in qofkaasi qirayo in ''Alle jirin Ilaahay mooyee, [[Nabi Muxamed]]na yahay [[rasuul]]kiisii''. : {{lang|ar|{{large|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}}}} : ''{{transl|ar|DIN|lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāh, muḥammadur rasūlu-llāh}}'' =Magacyada Alle= :::''Qoraal faahfaahsan fiiri [[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]]'' '''[[Magacyada Allah]]''' ({{lang-ar|أسماء الله الحسنى}} ''{{transl|ar|ʾasmāʾ allāh al-ḥusnā}}'') waa [[magac]]yada [[Ilaahay]] ee ku xusan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah iyo [[sunna]]ha [[Rasuul]]ka (s.c.w).<ref>Religious Studies for AQA; Thinking About God and Morality, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Marrianne, Fleming Worden, David</ref><ref>Abdullah Saeed, ''The Qur'an: An Introduction'', pg. 63. [[London]]: Routledge, 2008. ISBN 9781134102945</ref> Sida laga soo wariyey [[xadiis]]ka [[Nabi Muxamed]] (n.n.k.h) magacyada Ilaahay ma ahan kuwo la soo koobi karo, laakiin [[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] waa kuwo ka mid ah sharaxaada ''awooda'' iyo ''astaamaha'' Alle (s.w). [[Xadiis]] uu [[nabi]]ga ka soo weriyey [[asxaabi]]ga Cabdilahi ibn Mascuud wuxuu sheegay in magacyada Ilaahay qaarkood laga qariyey [[dad|aadamaha]] sababtoo ah maskaxdoodu maba qaadi karto.<ref>The Goodly Word: al-Kalim al-Ṭayyib, Islamic Texts Society, Ibn Taymiyy, page 72</ref> [[File:99names kuwait.jpg|left|thumb|Masjid ay u xardhan tahay 99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] Ilaahay wuxuu ku yidhi kitaabka Quraanka: “اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى” “Ilaahay, alle kale ma jiro Asaga mooyee, wuxuu leeyahay Magacyo sharfoon” ([[suurad|surat Dặh, Ayad 8aad]]). Marka la tixraaco diinta Islaamka,<ref>Ibn Majah, Book of Du`a; Malik ibn Anas, ''Muwatta Imam Malik, Muwatta', Kitab al-Shi`r''.</ref> [[Nabi Muxamed]] (c.s.w) ayaa soo ururiyey magacyada Alle, taasi ooy ku xusan tahay [[xadiis]]yo badan. In badan oo Magacyada Alle ah waxay ku xusan yihiin [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka, qaar kale waxa laga dhex helay xadiisyada, qaar badana waxay ku dhex jiraan labadoodaba.<ref name=morg10>Diane Morgan, ''Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice'', pg. 10. [[Kalifornia]] Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9780313360251</ref> Xadiis la isku raacsan yahay oo "saxiis Muslim" ah waxaa uu sheegaya: ::[[Abu Hurayra]] waxuu soo weriyey inuu maqlay [[Nabi]]ga [[Alle]] ([[Naxariis iyo Nabadgelyo Korkiisa Ha Ahaato]]ee) oo leh: "Waxaa jira sagaashan-iyo-sagaal magac oo Alle; qofkii xafida wuxuu toos u galayaa [[Jano|Janada]]. Waxaan idiin xaqiijinayaa in Ilaahay yahay [[kinsi]] (Alle waa kali waana kinsi) wuxuuna jecel yahay tirada kinsiga ah." ::::—Waxa soo wariyey Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri ''Waa xadiis Saxiix Muslim ah''&nbsp;<ref>Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|35|6475</ref> ::::الرسول محمد {{SCW}} فقال: "إن لله تسعة وتسعين اسما، مائة إلا واحدا، من أحصاها دخل الجنة" =99ka Magac Ee Allah Subxaanahu Watacaala Leeyahay= Magacyada [[Ilaahay]] ee ugu Quruxda badan, ama Magacyada Ilaahay ee ugu Weyn, waa magacyada Ilaahay ee gudbiya ammaantiisa, ammaantiisa, kor u qaadistiisa, weynayntiisa, sifooyinka kaamilnimadiisa, sharraxaadda haybaddiisa, iyo falalka xigmadda, naxariista, faa'iidada, iyo caddaaladda. Ilaahay waxaa loogu yeeraa magacyadan, waxayna si dabiici ah u tilmaamayaan ammaan iyo ammaan. Ilaahay wuxuu isku magacaabay iyaga oo ku jira buugaagtiisa, ama carrabka mid ka mid ah rasuulladiisa, ama wuxuu u kaydiyay naftiisa aqoonta waxa aan la arki karin. Qofna isaga uma eka ama isaga oo kale kuma jiro. Waa kuwa ugu Quruxda badan, oo loogu talagalay inay matalaan dhammaystirka ugu dambeeya ee quruxda magacyada Ilaahay. Qofna si buuxda oo buuxda uma yaqaan marka laga reebo [[Ilaahay|Ilaah]]. <br clear="all" /> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#BFFF00;" width="200" align="center" |[[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Arabic components (letters) in the word Allah.svg|60px|]] |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 180%" | الله{{·}} الرحمن {{·}} الرحيم {{·}} الملك {{·}} القدوس {{·}} السلام {{·}} المؤمن {{·}} المهيمن {{·}} العزيز {{·}} الجبار {{·}} المتكبر {{·}} الخالق {{·}} البارئ {{·}} المصور {{·}} الغفار {{·}} الغفار {{·}} الوهاب {{·}} الرزاق {{·}} الفتاح العليم {{·}} القابض {{·}} الباسط {{·}} الخَافِض {{·}} الرافع {{·}} المعز {{·}} المذل {{·}} السميع {{·}} البصير {{·}} الحكم العدل{{·}} اللطيف {{·}} الخبير {{·}} الحليم {{·}} العظيم {{·}} الغفور {{·}} الشكور {{·}} العلي {{·}} الكبير {{·}} الحفيظ {{·}} المقيت الواسع {{·}} الحسيب {{·}} الجليل {{·}} الكريم {{·}} الرقيب {{·}} المجيب{{·}} الحكيم {{·}} الودود {{·}} المجيد {{·}} الباعث {{·}} الشهيد الحق{{·}} الوكيل {{·}} القوي {{·}} المتين {{·}} الولي {{·}} الحميد {{·}} المحصي {{·}} المبدئ {{·}} المعيد {{·}} المحيي {{·}} المميت {{·}} الحي {{·}} القيوم {{·}} الواجد {{·}} الماجد{{·}} الواحد {{·}} الاحد {{·}} الصمد {{·}} القادر {{·}} المقتدر {{·}} المقدم {{·}} المؤخر {{·}} الأول {{·}} الأخر {{·}} الظاهر {{·}} الباطن {{·}} الوالي {{·}} المتعالي {{·}} البر {{·}} التواب {{·}} المنتقم {{·}} العفو {{·}} الرؤوف {{·}} مالك الملك {{·}} ذو الجلال والإكرام {{·}} المقسط {{·}} الجامع {{·}} الغني {{·}} المغني {{·}} المانع {{·}} الضار {{·}} النافع {{·}} النور الهادي{{·}} البديع {{·}} الباقي {{·}} الوارث {{·}} الرشيد {{·}} الصبور {{·}} |} =Qoraalo Kale= * [[Allah]] * [[Magacyada Allah]] * [[Shahaadah|Shahaadada]] * [[Tawxiid]]ka =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} = Kuwa la xiriira: = * [https://linktw.in/mptdpl wax walba ilaahay ku saabsan] <--- [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Nolol]] 7olekie0ufhozxaqfgf9cutplikoprz 0 14235 302366 262934 2026-07-14T17:27:41Z Videoiib7 46243 302366 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin [[Miryama]] bintu [[Cimraan]] oo ah [[Nebi Muuse]] walaashiis.'' {{About|Maqaalkani waa [[Nebi Ciise]] [[hooyo]]dii, magac ahaan fiiri [[Magaca Maryam]]}} {{Islaam}} [[File:Virgin_Mary_and_Jesus_(old_Persian_miniature).jpg|thumb|sawir-gacmeed [[Beershiya]]aan ah oo muujinaya [[Maryama]] iyo wiilkeeda [[Nebi Ciise]].]] '''[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]''' ({{lang-en|Mary, "Mariam"}}; {{lang-ar|ﻣﺮﻳﻢ}}; loo qoro: Marīam, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryan" hooyo u ah: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "[[Nebi Ciise]]"; ama: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca") waxay ahayd [[qof]] muuminad ah oo dhashay isla markaana hooyo u ahayd [[nebi]]gii [[Alle]] u soo direy reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]] waa [[Nebi Ciise]]<ref>"[[nebi]]gii [[Alle]] u soo direy reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]] waa [[Nebi Ciise]]"</ref> (c.s).<ref>"'''Maryam''' '''[[Maryama]]''' '''[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]'''"</ref><ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Mary, "Mariam"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loo qoro: Marīam, loogu dhawaaqo: "Mariyam"; hooyo u ah: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "[[Nebi Ciise]]"; ama: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca""</ref> Markey [[taariikh]]du ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|20 sano]] [[C.H]] (Dhalashaddii Ciise Horteed) ayaa Maryama ku dhalatey magaalada [[Baytulaxam]]<ref>"[[taariikh]]du ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|20 sano]] [[C.H]]"</ref> ee ku taala dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan, waxay isla magaaladani ku dhimatey markey taariikhdu ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|100 ilaa 120 sano]] [[C.D]].<ref>"[[sanad|100 ilaa 120 sano]] [[C.D]]"</ref> Maryama waa [[qof]]ta [[dumar]] kali ah ee lagu xusay marar badan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah. [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) wuxuu Quraanka kariimka ah ku yidhi: ::'''''Is-deji! ayay [[malag|malaa'igtu]] ku tidhi: “Maryamaay! Ilaahay ayaa ku doortey adiga, waxaanad tahay mid nadiif ah oo laga kor mariyay dhamaan dumarka bulshooyinka oo dhan.”''''' :::—[[Quraan]], [[suurad]]a 3aad ([[Al Cimraan]]), [[aayad]]a 42aad<ref>"[[Quraan]], [[suurad]]a 3aad ([[Al Cimraan]]), [[aayad]]a 42aad"</ref> Dhinaca kale, [[suurada 19aad]] ee kitaabka Quraanka waxaa loogu magac-daray Maryama; taasi oo ka waramysa nolosheedii iyo camalkeedii. Intaasi waxaa dheer, Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay ka mid tahay [[8|sideeda qof]] ee loogu magac-daray [[suurad]] ka mid ah [[Boqol toban iyo afar Suuradood]] ee kitaabka Quraanka kariimka ah.<Ref>"[[8|sideeda qof]] ee loogu magac-daray [[suurad]] ka mid ah [[Boqol toban iyo afar Suuradood]] ee kitaabka Quraanka"</ref> = Shakhsiyada Maryama = Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay ahayd qof wanaagsan oo [[diin]]ta [[Alle]] si fiican u heeysatay isla markaana cabsida [[Ilaahay]] dartiis u gashay [[masaajid]]ka oo hooy u ahaa inta u badan [[nolol|nolosheeda]]. Wanaageeda iyo shakhsiyad fiicni darteed, Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay lahayd magacyo iyo naanaysyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[Hooyadii Ciise]], Mucjiso Alle, [[Tusaalaha Dumarka]], Geesiyadii Xaqa, [[Boqor]]adii Wanaaga, Saai'ma, Mustafiya, Raaqiyah (Rāki’ah), Saajidah (Sājidah),Qaanitah (Qānitah), Run-sheeg (Siddiqah), Taxiirah (Tāhirah) iyo kuwo kaleba. Dhinaca kale, [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ahayd [[hooyo]] leh mucjiso aad u wayn, sababtoo ah ayadoon u tagin ama la kulmin wax [[nin]] ah ayaa waxay uureysatey ka dib na dhashay [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]], arintaasi oo [[Alle]] (s.w) ka dhigay tusaale iyo waxkuqaadasho cajiib badan.<ref>"la kulmin wax [[nin]] ah ayaa waxay uureysatey ka dib na dhashay [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]]"</ref><ref>"[[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ahayd [[hooyo]]"</ref> [[Maryama]] waxaa [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku xusan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]], waxaana jirta [[suurad]] loogu magac-daray ayada oo la yidhaado [[Suuratu Maryam]] oo ah [[suurad|suurada 19aad]] ee Quraanka. Intaasi waxaa dheer, inta jeer ee kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka lagu xusay Maryama way ka badan tahay inta jeer ay ku dhex-jirto [[Injiil|Kitaabka Injiileed]] ee lagu soo dejiyay [[wiil]]keeda [[Nebi Ciise|Nebi Ciise Masiixi]].<ref>"inta jeer ee kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka lagu xusay Maryama way ka badan tahay inta jeer ay ku dhex-jirto [[Injiil|Kitaabka Injiileed]] ee lagu soo dejiyay [[wiil]]keeda [[Nebi Ciise|Nebi Ciise Masiixi]]"</ref> Guud ahaan, [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ku dhalatey mar ahaantaana ku nooleyd nolosheeda oo dhan magaalada [[Baytulaxam]] oo ku taal dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan [[sanad|sanado badan]] ka hor bilowgii [[Kalandar|taariikhda miilaadiga]].<ref>"[[Baytulaxam]] oo ku taal dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan [[sanad|sanado badan]] ka hor bilowgii [[Kalandar|taariikhda miilaadiga]]"</ref> = Qoyska Cimraan = Sida ku xusan kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah Maryam waxay ka soo jeedaa mar ahaantaana ku abtirsataa [[qoys]]ka reer [[Cimraan]]<ref>"[[qoys]]ka reer [[Cimraan]]"</ref> oo ah [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]]. Sidoo kale, Maryama waxaa loogu yeedhaa "[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]" taasi oo loola jeedo gabadhii reer [[Cimraan]], laakiin aabaheeda saxda ah kuma xusna [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, laakiin diinta [[Masiixiyad]]a waxay aabaheed ku sheegeen Jaawjim<ref>"[[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]]"</ref> (Jaochim). Intaasi waxaa dheer [[cilmi|culimada]] qaar waxay sheegeen in Maryama ay ka soo jeedo [[Nebi Haaruun]] oo ah wiilka Cimraan iyo walaalka [[Nebi Muuse]] iyo [[Miryama]].<ref>"[[cilmi|culimada]] qaar waxay sheegeen in Maryama ay ka soo jeedo [[Nebi Haaruun]]"</ref> Dhinaca kale, Maryama waxaa [[hooyo]] u ah sheekhada '''Anna''' (Saint Anna) qoftaasi oo ahayd qof aad ugu wanaagsan cibaadada iyo diinta [[Alle]].<ref>"[[hooyo]] u ah sheekhada '''Anna'''"</ref> = Xubnaha Qoyska Cimraan = '''Cimraan''' '''[[Camraan]]''' '''[[Reer Cimraan]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Amram, ʻAmrām, "Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: īmran, "Imran", loogu dhawaaqo: "Cimraan", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "Qoyskii reer Cimraan"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: ʻAmrām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Camram"; [[Hebrew]]: עַמְרָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Amarami", [[Hebrew]]ga cusub: Amram)<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Amram, ʻAmrām, "Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: īmran, "Imran", loogu dhawaaqo: "Cimraan", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "Qoyskii reer Cimraan"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: ʻAmrām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Camram"; [[Hebrew]]: עַמְרָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Amarami", [[Hebrew]]ga cusub: Amram"</ref> (macnaha ereyga Cimraan waa ''saaxiibkii kan ugu sareeya''<ref>""</ref> iyo ''qofkii aadka u sareeyay'') waa [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]ga ama odayga qaba Jojebed (Jochebed).<ref>"[[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]"</ref> Cimraan waxaa meelo badan [[Ilaahay]] (s.w) kaga xusay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]].<ref>""</ref> Intaasi waxaa dheer, waxaa jirta [[suurad]] ka mid ah Quraanka oo loogu magac daray "reer Cimraan" waa [[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ).<ref>"[[suurad]] ka mid ah Quraanka oo loogu magac daray "reer Cimraan" waa [[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)"</ref> Dhinaca kale, [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a ee kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Ciise]] iyo qoraalo kale oo [[Giriig]]<ref>"[[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a ee kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee [[Alle]]"</ref> iyo Laatiin ah waxay sheegeen in Cimraan aabihiis ahaa [[nin]]ka lagu magacaabo Sebtuwajinti (Septuagint) kaasi oo ahaa nin sharaf iyo qadarin balaadhan ku dhex lahaa qoomkiisa iyo dadkii uu la noolaa wakhtigaasi.<ref>"Cimraan aabihiis ahaa [[nin]]ka lagu magacaabo Sebtuwajinti (Septuagint)"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kitaabka Quraanka dhexdiisa Cimraan waxaa lagu xusay labo nooc oo kala ah: * [[Camraan]] ama [[Cimran]] oo lagu sheegay in uu ahaa [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]ga ama odayga qaba Jojebed (Jochebed). * Marka labaad waxaa Cimraan lagu xusay inuu ahaa aabaha [[Maryama]] [[hooyo]]da [[Nebi Ciise]], taasi oo lagu magaaco [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]], waloow aanu Cimraan ahayn aabaha saxda ah ee Maryama, laakiin uu yahay oday ay ku abtirsato qoftaasi.<ref>"[[Maryama]] [[hooyo]]da [[Nebi Ciise]]"</ref> [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) wuxuu kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka ku yidhi: :'''“Ilaahay wuxuu doortay Aadam iyo Nuux, iyo qooyska Ibraahim, iyo qooyska Cimraan, kuwaasi oo uu ka kor mariyay dadka.”''' ::—[[Qur'aan]], [[suurad]]a [[3]]aad ([[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ) "[[Qoyskii Cimraan]]"), [aayad]]a [[33]]aad<ref>"[[Qur'aan]], [[suurad]]a [[3]]aad ([[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ) "[[Qoyskii Cimraan]]"), [aayad]]a [[33]]aad"</ref> [[File:Musa_(Moses)1.png|thumb|[[Nebi Muuse]] (c.s) wuxuu ka mid ahaa [[Qoyska Cimraan]].]] Isku soo duuboo [[Qoyska Cimraan]] waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[xaas]]<ref>"[[Qoyska Cimraan]] waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[xaas]]"</ref> ama [[oori]] Jojebed (Jochebed). Intaasi waxaa dheer, qoyskan waxaa ku abtirsada [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] iyo dabcan [[wiil]]keed [[Nebi Ciise]], iyo [[Nebi Sakariye]] oo ahaa Maryama [[adeer]]keed ama [[abti]]geed.<ref>"[[Nebi Sakariye]] oo ahaa Maryama [[adeer]]keed ama [[abti]]geed"</ref> == Nebi Muuse == ==Nebi Haaruun== == Miryama == [[File:Feuerbach_Mirjam_2.jpg|thumb|Miryama bintu Cimraan.]] [[File:Delaroche_Discovery_of_Moses.jpg|thumb|Miryama oo ilaalinaysa [[caruur]]ta [[Nebi Muuse]].]] '''Miryama''' '''[[Miriyama]]''' '''[[Miryama bintu Cimraan]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Miriam, Miryām of ʻAmrām, "Miryamadii Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryama", sidoo kale: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: Maryama Cīmran, "Maryam Cimran", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "[[Qoyska Cimraan|Qoyska reer Cimraan]]"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: Miryām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Miryam"; [[Hebrew]]: מִרְיָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Miryam")<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Miriam, Miryām of ʻAmrām, "Miryamadii Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryama", sidoo kale: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: Maryama Cīmran, "Maryam Cimran", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "[[Qoyska Cimraan|Qoyska reer Cimraan]]"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: Miryām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Miryam"; [[Hebrew]]: מִרְיָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Miryam""</ref> waa [[gabadh]] uu dhalay ama [[aabe]] u ahaa [[Cimraan]], [[hooyo]] u ahayd Jojebed (Jochebed), walaal la ahayd [[Nebi Muuse]] iyo [[Nebi Haaruun]].<ref>[[Qoyska Cimraan]]</ref><ref>'''Miryama''' '''[[Miriyama]]''' '''[[Miryama bintu Cimraan]]'''</ref> Sida ay sheegeen [[cilmi|culimada]] [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a iyo diinta [[Towraad]] Miryama waxay ahayd [[nebi]]yad loo soo diray qoomkii reer [[Israaiil]]. Arinkaasi iyo sheegashadaasi kuma hayno [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]].<Ref>"[[Quraan]]ka Kariimka ah ee [[Ilaahay]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]"</ref> = Qaraabada Kale = == Nebi Sakariye == = Dhalida Ciise = Dadka [[muslim]]iinta iyo masiixiyiintu waxa ay isku raacsan yihiin in dhalashaddiisu mucjisa ahayd oo hooyadiis Maryam ay isaga uuraysatay iyadoo bikra (cadrad) ah. Ciise markii uu [[30|soddon jirsaday]] ayuu bilaabay fidinta diinta, iyo in uu u digo dadka reer [[Yuhuud|bani Israaiil]] oo wakhtigaasi ku caasiyay amarka [[Ilaahay]].<ref>"[[30|soddon jirsaday]] ayuu bilaabay fidinta diinta, iyo in uu u digo dadka reer [[Yuhuud|bani Israaiil]]"</ref> [[3|Sadex sano]] ka dibna [[cir|samada]] ayuu u kacay. Yuhuudu waxay sheegatay iney dileen laakiin Ilaahey wuu beeniyay, wuxuuna imaan doonaa Nabi Ciise (c.s) aakhiru samaanka; isla markaana wuxuuna dili doonaa beenaalaha lagu magacaabo masiixu dajjaal.<ref>"[[3|Sadex sano]] ka dibna [[cir|samada]] ayuu u kacay"</ref> = Nebi Ciise = '''Ciise''' '''[[Nebi Ciise]]''' '''[[Ciise Masiixi]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Jesus, "Jiisas"; [[carabi]]: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "nebi Ciise"; sidoo kale: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca") calayhi salaam waxa uu ahaa [[nebi]] [[Alle]] u dirsaday reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]]<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Jesus, "Jiisas"; [[carabi]]: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "nebi Ciise"; sidoo kale: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca""</ref> (dadka [[Yuhuud]]a ah ee maanta deegaanka ku ah wadanka [[Israaiil]]). [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]] waxaa [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay isla markaana u soo waxyooday [[kitaab]]ka [[Injiil]] ee saldhiga iyo aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a sidoo kale loo yaqaano diinta [[Kiristaanka]].<ref>"[[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]] waxaa [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]"</ref><ref>"[[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a sidoo kale loo yaqaano diinta [[Kiristaanka]]"</ref> [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s) wuxuu ka mid yahay [[Rasuul|shanta Ras;uul]] ee [[Alle]] ku sheegay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee la siiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}, waxaa Ilaahay ku soo dejiyay kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee saldhiga iyo aasaaska u ah diinta [[Masiixiyad]]a in kastoo ay wax badan ka bedeleen isla markaana ay magacyo badan iyo qeeybo badan ka dhigeen.<ref>"[[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee la siiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}"</ref> Guud ahaan, Nebi Ciise masiixi waa [[nebi|nebiga labaad]] ee ugu dambeeyay ama lagu soo khatimay dhamaan anbiyada [[Alle]] soo diray, waxaana ka dambeeyay oo kali ah [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}.<ref>"Nebi Ciise masiixi waa [[nebi|nebiga labaad]] ee ugu dambeeyay anbiyada [[Alle]]"</ref> = Kitaabka Injiil = '''[[Injiil]]''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "kitaabu ciisah") waa [[kitaab]] [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s).<Ref>'''[[Injiil]]''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]'''</ref><ref>[[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "kitaabu ciisah"</ref> Erayga '''Injiil''' macnihiisu waa ''war wanaagsan'' ama ''bishaaro''. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub oo kala ah [[Mateeyos]], [[Maarkos]], [[Luuqa]], iyo [[Yooxannaa]].<Ref>[[Axdiga Cusub]]</ref> = Qoraalo La Mid Ah = * [[Diin]] ** [[Islaam]] ** [[Masiixiyad]] * [[Kitaab]] ** [[Qu'raan]] ** [[Al Furqaan]] ** [[Kitaabka Injiil]] ** [[Kitaabka Towraad]] ** [[Kitaabka Sabuur]] ** [[Suxufi Ibraahim]] ** [[Suxufi Muuse]] * [[Rasuul]] ** [[Nebi Muxamed]] ** [[Nebi Ciise]] ** [[Nebi Daa'uud]] ** [[Nebi Muuse]] ** [[Nebi Ibraahim]] ** [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] ** [[Nebi Nuux]] ** [[Nebi Yacquub]] ** [[Nebi Yoonis]] * [[Nebi]] ** [[Nabi Aadam C.S.]] ** [[Nebi Maxamed]] ** [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Ayuub C.S.]] * [[Muxamed|Nabi Muxamed (c.s.w)]] ** [[Nabi Daa'uud C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Suleymaan C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Nuux C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Idriis]] ** [[Nabi Saalax]] ** [[Nabi Shuceyb]] ** [[Nabi Yuusuf]] ** [[Nabi Muuse C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Ilyaas]] ** [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Huud]] ** [[Ciise|Nabi Ciise]] ** [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Luqmaan Alxakiim]] * [[Sifaynta Diinta Islaamka]] * [[Su'aallo Diini ah iyo Jawaaba hooda]] * [[Islam]] = Xigasho = * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/ilaahay-baa-reer-binu-israaʼiil-samatabbixiyay/ Ilaahay Baa Reer Binu Israaʼiil Samatabbixiyay] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kitaab]] [[Category:Nabiyada Islaamka]] [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Quraan]] [[Category:Islam]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Kalandar]] [[Category:Nabi]] [[Category:Aadam iyo Xaawo]] l58y066ulvxxhvd9enkeqzhhwu2ia8z 302367 302366 2026-07-14T17:30:50Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Qaraabada Kale */ 302367 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Haku khaldin [[Miryama]] bintu [[Cimraan]] oo ah [[Nebi Muuse]] walaashiis.'' {{About|Maqaalkani waa [[Nebi Ciise]] [[hooyo]]dii, magac ahaan fiiri [[Magaca Maryam]]}} {{Islaam}} [[File:Virgin_Mary_and_Jesus_(old_Persian_miniature).jpg|thumb|sawir-gacmeed [[Beershiya]]aan ah oo muujinaya [[Maryama]] iyo wiilkeeda [[Nebi Ciise]].]] '''[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]''' ({{lang-en|Mary, "Mariam"}}; {{lang-ar|ﻣﺮﻳﻢ}}; loo qoro: Marīam, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryan" hooyo u ah: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "[[Nebi Ciise]]"; ama: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca") waxay ahayd [[qof]] muuminad ah oo dhashay isla markaana hooyo u ahayd [[nebi]]gii [[Alle]] u soo direy reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]] waa [[Nebi Ciise]]<ref>"[[nebi]]gii [[Alle]] u soo direy reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]] waa [[Nebi Ciise]]"</ref> (c.s).<ref>"'''Maryam''' '''[[Maryama]]''' '''[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]'''"</ref><ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Mary, "Mariam"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loo qoro: Marīam, loogu dhawaaqo: "Mariyam"; hooyo u ah: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "[[Nebi Ciise]]"; ama: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca""</ref> Markey [[taariikh]]du ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|20 sano]] [[C.H]] (Dhalashaddii Ciise Horteed) ayaa Maryama ku dhalatey magaalada [[Baytulaxam]]<ref>"[[taariikh]]du ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|20 sano]] [[C.H]]"</ref> ee ku taala dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan, waxay isla magaaladani ku dhimatey markey taariikhdu ahayd qiyaastii [[sanad|100 ilaa 120 sano]] [[C.D]].<ref>"[[sanad|100 ilaa 120 sano]] [[C.D]]"</ref> Maryama waa [[qof]]ta [[dumar]] kali ah ee lagu xusay marar badan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah. [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) wuxuu Quraanka kariimka ah ku yidhi: ::'''''Is-deji! ayay [[malag|malaa'igtu]] ku tidhi: “Maryamaay! Ilaahay ayaa ku doortey adiga, waxaanad tahay mid nadiif ah oo laga kor mariyay dhamaan dumarka bulshooyinka oo dhan.”''''' :::—[[Quraan]], [[suurad]]a 3aad ([[Al Cimraan]]), [[aayad]]a 42aad<ref>"[[Quraan]], [[suurad]]a 3aad ([[Al Cimraan]]), [[aayad]]a 42aad"</ref> Dhinaca kale, [[suurada 19aad]] ee kitaabka Quraanka waxaa loogu magac-daray Maryama; taasi oo ka waramysa nolosheedii iyo camalkeedii. Intaasi waxaa dheer, Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay ka mid tahay [[8|sideeda qof]] ee loogu magac-daray [[suurad]] ka mid ah [[Boqol toban iyo afar Suuradood]] ee kitaabka Quraanka kariimka ah.<Ref>"[[8|sideeda qof]] ee loogu magac-daray [[suurad]] ka mid ah [[Boqol toban iyo afar Suuradood]] ee kitaabka Quraanka"</ref> = Shakhsiyada Maryama = Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay ahayd qof wanaagsan oo [[diin]]ta [[Alle]] si fiican u heeysatay isla markaana cabsida [[Ilaahay]] dartiis u gashay [[masaajid]]ka oo hooy u ahaa inta u badan [[nolol|nolosheeda]]. Wanaageeda iyo shakhsiyad fiicni darteed, Maryama bintu Cimraan waxay lahayd magacyo iyo naanaysyo badan, kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah: [[Hooyadii Ciise]], Mucjiso Alle, [[Tusaalaha Dumarka]], Geesiyadii Xaqa, [[Boqor]]adii Wanaaga, Saai'ma, Mustafiya, Raaqiyah (Rāki’ah), Saajidah (Sājidah),Qaanitah (Qānitah), Run-sheeg (Siddiqah), Taxiirah (Tāhirah) iyo kuwo kaleba. Dhinaca kale, [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ahayd [[hooyo]] leh mucjiso aad u wayn, sababtoo ah ayadoon u tagin ama la kulmin wax [[nin]] ah ayaa waxay uureysatey ka dib na dhashay [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]], arintaasi oo [[Alle]] (s.w) ka dhigay tusaale iyo waxkuqaadasho cajiib badan.<ref>"la kulmin wax [[nin]] ah ayaa waxay uureysatey ka dib na dhashay [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]]"</ref><ref>"[[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ahayd [[hooyo]]"</ref> [[Maryama]] waxaa [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) ku xusan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]], waxaana jirta [[suurad]] loogu magac-daray ayada oo la yidhaado [[Suuratu Maryam]] oo ah [[suurad|suurada 19aad]] ee Quraanka. Intaasi waxaa dheer, inta jeer ee kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka lagu xusay Maryama way ka badan tahay inta jeer ay ku dhex-jirto [[Injiil|Kitaabka Injiileed]] ee lagu soo dejiyay [[wiil]]keeda [[Nebi Ciise|Nebi Ciise Masiixi]].<ref>"inta jeer ee kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka lagu xusay Maryama way ka badan tahay inta jeer ay ku dhex-jirto [[Injiil|Kitaabka Injiileed]] ee lagu soo dejiyay [[wiil]]keeda [[Nebi Ciise|Nebi Ciise Masiixi]]"</ref> Guud ahaan, [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] waxay ku dhalatey mar ahaantaana ku nooleyd nolosheeda oo dhan magaalada [[Baytulaxam]] oo ku taal dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan [[sanad|sanado badan]] ka hor bilowgii [[Kalandar|taariikhda miilaadiga]].<ref>"[[Baytulaxam]] oo ku taal dhulka ay [[Falastiin]]iyiintu degaan [[sanad|sanado badan]] ka hor bilowgii [[Kalandar|taariikhda miilaadiga]]"</ref> = Qoyska Cimraan = Sida ku xusan kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah Maryam waxay ka soo jeedaa mar ahaantaana ku abtirsataa [[qoys]]ka reer [[Cimraan]]<ref>"[[qoys]]ka reer [[Cimraan]]"</ref> oo ah [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]]. Sidoo kale, Maryama waxaa loogu yeedhaa "[[Maryam bintu Cimraan]]" taasi oo loola jeedo gabadhii reer [[Cimraan]], laakiin aabaheeda saxda ah kuma xusna [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, laakiin diinta [[Masiixiyad]]a waxay aabaheed ku sheegeen Jaawjim<ref>"[[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]]"</ref> (Jaochim). Intaasi waxaa dheer [[cilmi|culimada]] qaar waxay sheegeen in Maryama ay ka soo jeedo [[Nebi Haaruun]] oo ah wiilka Cimraan iyo walaalka [[Nebi Muuse]] iyo [[Miryama]].<ref>"[[cilmi|culimada]] qaar waxay sheegeen in Maryama ay ka soo jeedo [[Nebi Haaruun]]"</ref> Dhinaca kale, Maryama waxaa [[hooyo]] u ah sheekhada '''Anna''' (Saint Anna) qoftaasi oo ahayd qof aad ugu wanaagsan cibaadada iyo diinta [[Alle]].<ref>"[[hooyo]] u ah sheekhada '''Anna'''"</ref> = Xubnaha Qoyska Cimraan = '''Cimraan''' '''[[Camraan]]''' '''[[Reer Cimraan]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Amram, ʻAmrām, "Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: īmran, "Imran", loogu dhawaaqo: "Cimraan", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "Qoyskii reer Cimraan"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: ʻAmrām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Camram"; [[Hebrew]]: עַמְרָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Amarami", [[Hebrew]]ga cusub: Amram)<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Amram, ʻAmrām, "Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: īmran, "Imran", loogu dhawaaqo: "Cimraan", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "Qoyskii reer Cimraan"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: ʻAmrām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Camram"; [[Hebrew]]: עַמְרָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Amarami", [[Hebrew]]ga cusub: Amram"</ref> (macnaha ereyga Cimraan waa ''saaxiibkii kan ugu sareeya''<ref>""</ref> iyo ''qofkii aadka u sareeyay'') waa [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]ga ama odayga qaba Jojebed (Jochebed).<ref>"[[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]"</ref> Cimraan waxaa meelo badan [[Ilaahay]] (s.w) kaga xusay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah ee lagu soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]].<ref>""</ref> Intaasi waxaa dheer, waxaa jirta [[suurad]] ka mid ah Quraanka oo loogu magac daray "reer Cimraan" waa [[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ).<ref>"[[suurad]] ka mid ah Quraanka oo loogu magac daray "reer Cimraan" waa [[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ)"</ref> Dhinaca kale, [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a ee kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee [[Alle]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Ciise]] iyo qoraalo kale oo [[Giriig]]<ref>"[[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a ee kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee [[Alle]]"</ref> iyo Laatiin ah waxay sheegeen in Cimraan aabihiis ahaa [[nin]]ka lagu magacaabo Sebtuwajinti (Septuagint) kaasi oo ahaa nin sharaf iyo qadarin balaadhan ku dhex lahaa qoomkiisa iyo dadkii uu la noolaa wakhtigaasi.<ref>"Cimraan aabihiis ahaa [[nin]]ka lagu magacaabo Sebtuwajinti (Septuagint)"</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kitaabka Quraanka dhexdiisa Cimraan waxaa lagu xusay labo nooc oo kala ah: * [[Camraan]] ama [[Cimran]] oo lagu sheegay in uu ahaa [[aabe|aabaha]] [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[seey]]ga ama odayga qaba Jojebed (Jochebed). * Marka labaad waxaa Cimraan lagu xusay inuu ahaa aabaha [[Maryama]] [[hooyo]]da [[Nebi Ciise]], taasi oo lagu magaaco [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]], waloow aanu Cimraan ahayn aabaha saxda ah ee Maryama, laakiin uu yahay oday ay ku abtirsato qoftaasi.<ref>"[[Maryama]] [[hooyo]]da [[Nebi Ciise]]"</ref> [[Ilaahay]] (koreeye) wuxuu kitaabka [[Quraan]]ka ku yidhi: :'''“Ilaahay wuxuu doortay Aadam iyo Nuux, iyo qooyska Ibraahim, iyo qooyska Cimraan, kuwaasi oo uu ka kor mariyay dadka.”''' ::—[[Qur'aan]], [[suurad]]a [[3]]aad ([[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ) "[[Qoyskii Cimraan]]"), [aayad]]a [[33]]aad<ref>"[[Qur'aan]], [[suurad]]a [[3]]aad ([[Suuratul Al Cimraan]] (ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ) "[[Qoyskii Cimraan]]"), [aayad]]a [[33]]aad"</ref> [[File:Musa_(Moses)1.png|thumb|[[Nebi Muuse]] (c.s) wuxuu ka mid ahaa [[Qoyska Cimraan]].]] Isku soo duuboo [[Qoyska Cimraan]] waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[xaas]]<ref>"[[Qoyska Cimraan]] waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Nebi Muuse]], [[Nebi Haaruun]] iyo walaashood [[Miryama]] iyo [[xaas]]"</ref> ama [[oori]] Jojebed (Jochebed). Intaasi waxaa dheer, qoyskan waxaa ku abtirsada [[Maryama bintu Cimraan]] iyo dabcan [[wiil]]keed [[Nebi Ciise]], iyo [[Nebi Sakariye]] oo ahaa Maryama [[adeer]]keed ama [[abti]]geed.<ref>"[[Nebi Sakariye]] oo ahaa Maryama [[adeer]]keed ama [[abti]]geed"</ref> == Nebi Muuse == ==Nebi Haaruun== == Miryama == [[File:Feuerbach_Mirjam_2.jpg|thumb|Miryama bintu Cimraan.]] [[File:Delaroche_Discovery_of_Moses.jpg|thumb|Miryama oo ilaalinaysa [[caruur]]ta [[Nebi Muuse]].]] '''Miryama''' '''[[Miriyama]]''' '''[[Miryama bintu Cimraan]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Miriam, Miryām of ʻAmrām, "Miryamadii Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryama", sidoo kale: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: Maryama Cīmran, "Maryam Cimran", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "[[Qoyska Cimraan|Qoyska reer Cimraan]]"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: Miryām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Miryam"; [[Hebrew]]: מִרְיָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Miryam")<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Miriam, Miryām of ʻAmrām, "Miryamadii Amran"; [[carabi]]: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ, loogu dhawaaqo: "Maryama", sidoo kale: ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, loo qoro: Maryama Cīmran, "Maryam Cimran", sidoo kale: ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ, "Aalu Cimraan", "[[Qoyska Cimraan|Qoyska reer Cimraan]]"; Luuqada Tiberiyaanka: Miryām; loogu dhawaaqo: "Miryam"; [[Hebrew]]: מִרְיָם, loogu dhawaaqo "Miryam""</ref> waa [[gabadh]] uu dhalay ama [[aabe]] u ahaa [[Cimraan]], [[hooyo]] u ahayd Jojebed (Jochebed), walaal la ahayd [[Nebi Muuse]] iyo [[Nebi Haaruun]].<ref>[[Qoyska Cimraan]]</ref><ref>'''Miryama''' '''[[Miriyama]]''' '''[[Miryama bintu Cimraan]]'''</ref> Sida ay sheegeen [[cilmi|culimada]] [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a iyo diinta [[Towraad]] Miryama waxay ahayd [[nebi]]yad loo soo diray qoomkii reer [[Israaiil]]. Arinkaasi iyo sheegashadaasi kuma hayno [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah ee [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]].<Ref>"[[Quraan]]ka Kariimka ah ee [[Ilaahay]] u soo waxyooday [[Nebi Muxamed]]"</ref> = Qaraabada Kale = == Nebi [[Nabi Zakariye C.S.|Sakariye]] == Nabi Sakariye C.S. Waa Mid ka mid ah Nabiyada Alle . = Dhalida Ciise = Dadka [[muslim]]iinta iyo masiixiyiintu waxa ay isku raacsan yihiin in dhalashaddiisu mucjisa ahayd oo hooyadiis Maryam ay isaga uuraysatay iyadoo bikra (cadrad) ah. Ciise markii uu [[30|soddon jirsaday]] ayuu bilaabay fidinta diinta, iyo in uu u digo dadka reer [[Yuhuud|bani Israaiil]] oo wakhtigaasi ku caasiyay amarka [[Ilaahay]].<ref>"[[30|soddon jirsaday]] ayuu bilaabay fidinta diinta, iyo in uu u digo dadka reer [[Yuhuud|bani Israaiil]]"</ref> [[3|Sadex sano]] ka dibna [[cir|samada]] ayuu u kacay. Yuhuudu waxay sheegatay iney dileen laakiin Ilaahey wuu beeniyay, wuxuuna imaan doonaa Nabi Ciise (c.s) aakhiru samaanka; isla markaana wuxuuna dili doonaa beenaalaha lagu magacaabo masiixu dajjaal.<ref>"[[3|Sadex sano]] ka dibna [[cir|samada]] ayuu u kacay"</ref> = Nebi Ciise = '''Ciise''' '''[[Nebi Ciise]]''' '''[[Ciise Masiixi]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: Jesus, "Jiisas"; [[carabi]]: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "nebi Ciise"; sidoo kale: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca") calayhi salaam waxa uu ahaa [[nebi]] [[Alle]] u dirsaday reer [Israaiil|[banii Israaiil]]<ref>"[[ingiriis]]: Jesus, "Jiisas"; [[carabi]]: ﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "nebi Ciise"; sidoo kale: يسوع, loogu dhawaaqo "yasuuca""</ref> (dadka [[Yuhuud]]a ah ee maanta deegaanka ku ah wadanka [[Israaiil]]). [[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]] waxaa [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay isla markaana u soo waxyooday [[kitaab]]ka [[Injiil]] ee saldhiga iyo aasaaska u ah [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a sidoo kale loo yaqaano diinta [[Kiristaanka]].<ref>"[[Sayid Ciise Masiixi]] waxaa [[Alle]] (s.w) ku soo dejiyay [[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]"</ref><ref>"[[diin]]ta [[Masiixiyad]]a sidoo kale loo yaqaano diinta [[Kiristaanka]]"</ref> [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s) wuxuu ka mid yahay [[Rasuul|shanta Ras;uul]] ee [[Alle]] ku sheegay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee la siiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}, waxaa Ilaahay ku soo dejiyay kitaabka [[Injiil]] ee saldhiga iyo aasaaska u ah diinta [[Masiixiyad]]a in kastoo ay wax badan ka bedeleen isla markaana ay magacyo badan iyo qeeybo badan ka dhigeen.<ref>"[[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ee la siiyay [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}"</ref> Guud ahaan, Nebi Ciise masiixi waa [[nebi|nebiga labaad]] ee ugu dambeeyay ama lagu soo khatimay dhamaan anbiyada [[Alle]] soo diray, waxaana ka dambeeyay oo kali ah [[Nebi Muxamed]]{{SCW}}.<ref>"Nebi Ciise masiixi waa [[nebi|nebiga labaad]] ee ugu dambeeyay anbiyada [[Alle]]"</ref> = Kitaabka Injiil = '''[[Injiil]]''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]''' ([[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "kitaabu ciisah") waa [[kitaab]] [[Ilaahay]] ku soo dejiyay [[Nebi Ciise]] (c.s).<Ref>'''[[Injiil]]''' '''[[Kitaabka Injiil]]'''</ref><ref>[[ingiriis]]: bible; [[carabi]]: ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ; "kitaabu ciisah"</ref> Erayga '''Injiil''' macnihiisu waa ''war wanaagsan'' ama ''bishaaro''. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub oo kala ah [[Mateeyos]], [[Maarkos]], [[Luuqa]], iyo [[Yooxannaa]].<Ref>[[Axdiga Cusub]]</ref> = Qoraalo La Mid Ah = * [[Diin]] ** [[Islaam]] ** [[Masiixiyad]] * [[Kitaab]] ** [[Qu'raan]] ** [[Al Furqaan]] ** [[Kitaabka Injiil]] ** [[Kitaabka Towraad]] ** [[Kitaabka Sabuur]] ** [[Suxufi Ibraahim]] ** [[Suxufi Muuse]] * [[Rasuul]] ** [[Nebi Muxamed]] ** [[Nebi Ciise]] ** [[Nebi Daa'uud]] ** [[Nebi Muuse]] ** [[Nebi Ibraahim]] ** [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] ** [[Nebi Nuux]] ** [[Nebi Yacquub]] ** [[Nebi Yoonis]] * [[Nebi]] ** [[Nabi Aadam C.S.]] ** [[Nebi Maxamed]] ** [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Ayuub C.S.]] * [[Muxamed|Nabi Muxamed (c.s.w)]] ** [[Nabi Daa'uud C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Suleymaan C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Nuux C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Idriis]] ** [[Nabi Saalax]] ** [[Nabi Shuceyb]] ** [[Nabi Yuusuf]] ** [[Nabi Muuse C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Ilyaas]] ** [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.]] ** [[Nabi Huud]] ** [[Ciise|Nabi Ciise]] ** [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Luqmaan Alxakiim]] * [[Sifaynta Diinta Islaamka]] * [[Su'aallo Diini ah iyo Jawaaba hooda]] * [[Islam]] = Xigasho = * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/ilaahay-baa-reer-binu-israaʼiil-samatabbixiyay/ Ilaahay Baa Reer Binu Israaʼiil Samatabbixiyay] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kitaab]] [[Category:Nabiyada Islaamka]] [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Quraan]] [[Category:Islam]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Kalandar]] [[Category:Nabi]] [[Category:Aadam iyo Xaawo]] dcj9pynoczpvsd4igrj9xg7a9efix6v 0 20533 302485 280712 2026-07-15T10:55:58Z Feerobuuran 46403 /* Madaxweynayaasha Soomaaliya */ 302485 wikitext text/x-wiki Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya (waa madaxa dowladda [[Soomaaliya]] . Madaxweynaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Madaxweynuhu wuxuu u taagan yahay [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] , Midnimada Ummadda Soomaaliyeed, iyo sidoo kale hubinta ku dhaqanka [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya]] iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda. Hadda waxaa si dadban loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya , oo ay dooranayaan baarlamaanka federaalka ah ee [[Soomaaliya]] . {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = The Federal Republic of Somalia | native_name = {{small|{{lang|so|Madaxaweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliyeed}}}} | insignia = Seal of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia.svg | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = Shaabadda Madaxweynaha | insigniaalt = | flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flagsize = | flagalt = | flagborder = Haa | flagcaption = [[Calanka Soomaaliya]] | image = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | imagesize = | alt = | imagecaption = | incumbent = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | acting = Maya | incumbentsince = 23 May 2022<ref name="BBC1">{{cite web|title=Somalia's new president elected by 327 people|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-61438047|last=Mohamud|first=Ali|publisher=BBC|date=15 May 2022|access-date=15 May 2022|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518003252/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61438047|url-status=live}}</ref> | department = | style = [[Mudane Madaxweyne (title)|Mudane Madaxweyne]]<br>{{small|(aan rasmi ahayn)}}<br>[[Heer sare|Mudane]]<br>{{small|(dublamaasiyadeed)}} | type = {{ubl|[[Madaxa dawladda]]|[[Madaxweynaha fulinta|Madaxa fulinta]]|[[Taliyaha guud]]}} | status = | abbreviation = POTFROS, POS | member_of = [[Golaha amniga qaranka]] Golaha Dhaqaalaha Qaranka | reports_to = | residence = [[Aqalka Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya]] | seat = [[Muqdisho]] | nominator = | appointer = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] | appointer_qualified = | termlength = Afar sano | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya]] (2012) | precursor = | formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1960|7|1}} | first = [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulahi Cusmaan Daar]] | last = | abolished = | succession = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = $250,000 sanad walba (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Salaries-for-sitting-African-presidents/688340-2804164-yk337w/index.html|title=Salaries for sitting African presidents|website=Daily Monitor|date=23 July 2015|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417071829/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Salaries-for-sitting-African-presidents/688340-2804164-yk337w/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{URL|http://villasomalia.gov.so/}} | footnotes = }} Xafiiska Madaxweynaha [[Soomaaliya]] waxaa la aas aasay markii lagu dhawaaqay Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya 1-dii Luulyo 1960-kii, Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay waxa uu ahaa [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar]] , xafiiska 10-aadna waxaa hadda haya [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] ==Taariikhda== Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya waxa uu ahaa Aadan C/laahi Cismaan Daar oo ka mid ahaa Hogaamiyaashii Ururkii SYL, waxa uuna xilka la wareegay 1-dii Luulyo 1960-kii oo ku beegan maalintii Soomaaliya lagu dhawaaqay Jamhuuriyad. Intaa wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa xafiiska sii joogay 8 qof oo kale oo kala ahaa Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke , Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Cali Mahdi , Cabdiqaasim Salaad , Cabdullaahi Yuusuf , Shariif Sheekh Axmed , Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo , iyo Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud . Sidoo kale, Sheekh Mukhtaar waxa uu madaxweyne ka noqday intii u dhaxaysay dilkii Shemarke iyo afgambigii dhicisoobay , Aadan Madoobe waxa uu madaxweyne ka noqday ka dib markii Yuusuf is-casilay sannadkii 2008-dii. Shariif Sheekh Axmed ayaa xilka la wareegay 31-kii Janaayo 2009, kaddib markii lagu doortay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee dhacday Janaayo 2009. Axmed wuxuu si rasmi ah u dhammaaday bishii Agoosto 2012, iyadoo ay ku beegan tahay dhammaadka xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya . Waxaa xilka ku kala wareegay General Muuse Xasan oo si KMG ah u hayay xilka. Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud ayaa xilka la wareegay 16-kii September 2012, kaddib markii lagu doortay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee dhacday 10-kii September 2012. ==Aqoonta iyo doorashada== Si uu u noqdo madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, musharraxa waa inuu: (a) Inuu yahay muwaadin Soomaaliyeed oo Muslim ah; (b) Da'diisu aanay ka yarayn afartan sannadood; (c) Inuu leeyahay aqoon ama waayo-aragnimo ku habboon doorka; (d) Noqo qof miyir qaba; iyo (e) Aanay maxkamadi ku xukumin dembi weyn. Doorashada madaxweynaha waa in ay bilaabataa ugu yaraan 30 maalmood ka hor wakhtiga madaxweynaha xilka haya ama 10 maalmood ka dib marka uu madaxweynuhu bannaanaado oo ay ku dhammaato 30 maalmood gudahooda marka ay doorashadu bilaabato. Musharixiinta waa in lagu caddeeyaa xarunta golaha shacabka 10-ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya muddadaas, doorashadana waa in lagu soo gabagabeeyaa 20-ka maalmood ee ka harsan. Horay waxaa madaxweynaha u doortay xildhibaanada baarlamaanka Soomaaliya, shuruudaha, iyo kuwa xaqa u leh in ay ka mid noqdaan baarlamaanka. ==Muddada xilka== Madaxweynaha waxaa lagu soo xulaa muddo afar sano ah. Laga bilaabo 2021, ma jiro wax xaddidan oo madaxweynaha ah oo ku saabsan dastuurka Soomaaliya . Muddada xilka madaxweynaha xilka haya waa ay sii socotaa ilaa madaxweynaha la doortay uu xilka la wareego. Marka uu xilka la wareego, madaxweynuhu waxa uu baarlamaanka hortiisa ku dhaarinayaa dhaarta soo socota Waxaan ku dhaaranayaa magaca Alle in aan xilkayga u gudan doono si daacad ah oo danta dalka, dadka iyo diinta ku jirto, dhowrana dastuurka iyo shuruucda kale ee dalka. ==Waajibaadka iyo waajibaadka== Tilmaanta waajibaadka waa sida soo socota: Magacaabida ra'iisul wasaaraha , In uu noqdo Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed ; In uu ku dhawaaqo xaalad degdeg ah iyo dagaal sida sharciga waafaqsan, Magacaabida iyo xil ka qaadista Taliyeyaasha Ciidamada Heer Federaal, kadib markii ay soo jeediyeen Golaha Wasiirada; In xilalka laga qaado Wasiirada, Wasiiru Dowlayaasha iyo Wasiir ku xigeenada, marka uu soo jeediyo Ra’iisal Wasaaraha; Saxeexa sharci qabyo ah oo uu ansixiyo baarlamaanka federaalka si uu u dhaqan galo; Furitaanka Golaha Shacabka ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka; In uu kalfadhi sanadle ah la yeesho Golaha Shacabka ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka; In la magacaabo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadda Sare iyo Garsoorayaasha kale ee heer federaal, iyadoo la raacayo soo jeedinta Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka; In la magacaabo madaxda sare ee dowladda federaalka ah iyo madaxda hay’adaha dowladda federaalka, marka ay soo jeediyaan golaha wasiirada; Magacaabida danjirayaal iyo guddiyo sare marka ay soo jeediyaan Golaha Wasiirada; In uu qaabilo diblomaasiyiin shisheeye iyo qunsuliyado; In la guddoonsiiyo shahaado sharafyo heer gobol ah, kaddib marka uu soo jeediyo Golaha Wasiirrada; In Golaha Shacabka ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka la kala diro marka uu waqtigoodu dhamaado, taasoo keeneysa doorasho cusub; In la cafiyo dembiilayaasha oo laga khafiifiyo xukunka marka uu soo jeediyo Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka; iyo In la saxiixo heshiisyo caalami ah oo ay soo jeediyaan Golaha Wasiirada, isla markaana ay ansixiyaan Golaha Shacabka ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka. ==Hordhac== Xafiiska rasmiga ee Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya waxaa la aasaasay markii ay sameeysantay Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya 1dii Luuliyo sanadkii 1960kii. Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee xafiiska qabta wuxuu ahaa [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan]] (ku magac dheeraa "Aaden Cadde"). Madaxweynaha maanta tallada haya waa midkii 9aad, [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud|Mudane Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]], kaasi oo kursiga ku fadhiya tan ilaa markii la doortay 15‑kii May 2022<ref>''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', Greystone Press: 1967, p. 338</ref> ==Madaxweynayaasha Soomaaliya== '''Madaxweyneyaashii soomaray dalka [[Soomaaliya]].''' {| class="wikitable" |- align=left ! width="18%"|Xilka qabtay ! width=60|Sawir ! width="55%"|Jagada ! width="10%"|[[#Xisbi|Xisbi]] ! width="15%"|Faallo |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda soomaaliya]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>1 Luuliyo 1960 ilaa 10 Juun 1967||[[File:Aadan_Cade.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SYL||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>10 Juun 1967 ilaa 15 Oktober 1969||[[File:Sharmaarke.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Cabdirashiid Sharmaarke]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SYL||<small>La dilay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Dowladdii kacaanka]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>21 Oktober 1969 ilaa ''1 Luuliyo 1976''||rowspan=2|[[File:Official portrait of Major General Siad Barre.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Siyaad Barre]]''', <small>Madxii usareeyey afgambiga||<small>Mil||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>''1 Luuliyo 1976'' ilaa 26 Janaayo 1991||'''[[Siyaad Barre]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>SRSP||<small>Xiligiisii hanti wadaagga |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Dagaal Sokeeye|Dagaal sokeeye]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>Janaayo 1991 ilaa Juun 1995||[[File:Cali_Mahdi.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Cali Mahdi]]''', <small>Madaxwyne ku meel gaar ah (Dowladiisiina ma shaqayn Kadib markii uu ka horyimid Maxamed Faarax Caydiid)||<small>USC||<small> Dagaal sokeeye ayaa dhacay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>15 Juun 1995 ilaa 27 Ogosto 2000||colspan=4| Xilligaan dalka wax dowlad ah ma jirin ilaa laga soo gaaro shirkii carta|| |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Kumeel Gaar]] (TNG)''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>27 Ogosto 2000 ilaa 14 Oktober 2004||||'''[[Cabdiqaasim Salaad]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah||<small>n-p||<small> |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Kumeel Gaar]] ama [[Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka]] (TFG)''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>14 Oktober 2004 ilaa 29 Diisembar 2008||[[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 2.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah||<small>SSDF||<small>Is Casilay |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>31 Janaayo 2009 ilaa 20 Ogosto 2012||[[File:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-337-2.jpg|60px]]||'''[[Shiikh Shariif Shiikh Axmed|Sharif Sheikh Ahmed]]''', <small>Madaxweyne ku meel gaar||<small>ARS||<small>Dowlad Midnomo Qaran |- valign=top |colspan=5|'''[[Federaaliisim|Jamhuuriyadda faderaalka soomaaliya]]''' |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>16 Sebtember 2012 Ilaa 7 Febraayo 2017||[[File:H.E. Mr Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of the Federal Republic of Somalia (cropped).jpg|60px]]||'''[[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>PDP||<small> |- valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" |<small>8 Febraayo 2017 Ilaa iyo hadda xilka haya||[[File:Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo (cropped).jpg|60px]]||'''[[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]]''', <small>Madaxweyne||<small>PDP||<small> |} == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya]] *[[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaaliya]] [[Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-61438047 "Madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya oo ay doorteen 327 qof"]///18ka Meey 2022 . [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Salaries-for-sitting-African-presidents/688340-2804164-yk337w/index.html "Mushaharka madaxweynayaasha Afrika ee fadhiya"]//14-ka Maarso 2020 . [https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf Dastuurka KMG ah]//la ansixiyay Agoosto 1, 2012) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120714005116/http://www.somaligov.net/The%20Parliament.html "Xafiiska Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya"]//14 Luulyo 2012 - 24 Agoosto 2012 . [https://web.archive.org/web/20120913095606/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Federal_Parliament_elects_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud_as_President.shtml "Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa Madaxweyne u doortay Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud"]//Garowe Online . 10 Sebtembar 2012. Waxaa laga kaydiyay asalka 13 Sebtembar 2012 . 10 Sebtembar [https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ "Xiddida Muddada waxay wiiqaysaa Dawladnimada Afrika"]//2023-05-06 . 2023-05-06 . {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} {{Madaxweyneyaashii Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Madaxda Soomaaliya| ]] 7i5h8qlkmq5llpyyol6pomv7d6qssai 0 29767 302477 266305 2026-07-15T10:47:19Z Feerobuuran 46403 Bog loo bedeley [[Aasaaska boqortooyada Diiriye Guure]] 302477 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Aasaaska boqortooyada Diiriye Guure]] qepujlvh2q945arvseyx8dok3j1sv5x 828 30366 302491 268163 2026-07-15T11:06:49Z Isma4l 41797 302491 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- Get the config table. local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- Often-used functions. local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -- -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p -- table for testing purposes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate. -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'. -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc. -- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.', -- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Argument processing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace. if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Entry points ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- This function defines logic flow for the module. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Environment settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and -- /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return viewLink .. editLink .. historyLink .. purgeLink else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return createLink .. purgeLink end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6 0 31089 302503 269785 2026-07-15T11:26:30Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed]] ilaa [[Mahdi Guuleed]] 269785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Raiisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = Mudane | name = Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed "Khadar"<br/>{{small|"مهدي محمد جوليد "خضر}} | image = Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg | alt = | caption = Mahdi [[2020]] | office = Ku-simaha [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/07/25/somali-president-appoints-caretaker-prime-minister-after-ali-khaires-ouster/|title=Somali President appoints caretaker Prime Minister after Ali Khaire’s ouster|agency=CGTN|accessdate=July 25, 2020}}</ref> | president = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] | term_start = 25 Luulyo [[2020]] | term_end = | predecessor = [[Xasan Cali Khayre]] | successor = | office1 = Ra'iisul waraarahe ku xigeenka 19aad | primeminister1 = [[Xasan Cali Khayre]] | president1 = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] | term_start1 = 21 Maarso [[2017]] | term_end1 = 25 Luuliyo [[2020]] | predecessor1 = [[Maxamed Cumar Carte]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/prime-minister-of-somalia-announces-new-cabinet-with-26-ministers/|title=Prime minister Omar announces 66 cabinet members|accessdate=July 25, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323162431/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=9830|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | successor1 = | birth_name = Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed | birth_date = Awaare, [[Itoobiya]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = Madaxbannaaan | residence = [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya | awards = 2 | children = 7 | education = University of London }} '''Mahdi Maxamed Guleed "Khadar"''' ({{lang-en|Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid "Khadar"}}; {{lang-ar|مهدي محمد جوليد خضر}}) waxa uu ahaa ku-simaha Ahna Raysal wasaaraha Waqti xaadirkan [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul wasaaraha]] [[Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] kaasi oo horey u ahaa Ra'iisul wasaare ku xigeen wakhtiyadii udhexeeyay 21 Maarso [[2017]] ilaa 25 Luulyo [[2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/26/c_139240332.htm|title=Somali president appoints new acting prime minister|accessdate=July 25, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725212435/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/26/c_139240332.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Khadar farogelin muu ka yeelin arrimaha [[Dhulka muransan (Waqooyiga Soomaaliya)]] ==Hordhac== Mahdi maxamed guuleed wuxuu ka soo jeeda beesha ugu balaadhan isaaq ee Ciidagale Mahdi guuleed waa Raysal wasaaraha waqti xaadirkan sii hayaha ah. Waana nin aad u firfircoon karti badan wax qabadkiisu Aad u cad yahay Soomali oo dhana jeceshahay ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Siyaasi]] [[Category:Raiisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya]] 2678if8r7hkrpxrrpz7jhzjm1nx71f3 302506 302503 2026-07-15T11:31:58Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Mahdi Guuleed]] ilaa [[Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 269785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Raiisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = Mudane | name = Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed "Khadar"<br/>{{small|"مهدي محمد جوليد "خضر}} | image = Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg | alt = | caption = Mahdi [[2020]] | office = Ku-simaha [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/07/25/somali-president-appoints-caretaker-prime-minister-after-ali-khaires-ouster/|title=Somali President appoints caretaker Prime Minister after Ali Khaire’s ouster|agency=CGTN|accessdate=July 25, 2020}}</ref> | president = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] | term_start = 25 Luulyo [[2020]] | term_end = | predecessor = [[Xasan Cali Khayre]] | successor = | office1 = Ra'iisul waraarahe ku xigeenka 19aad | primeminister1 = [[Xasan Cali Khayre]] | president1 = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] | term_start1 = 21 Maarso [[2017]] | term_end1 = 25 Luuliyo [[2020]] | predecessor1 = [[Maxamed Cumar Carte]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/prime-minister-of-somalia-announces-new-cabinet-with-26-ministers/|title=Prime minister Omar announces 66 cabinet members|accessdate=July 25, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323162431/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=9830|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | successor1 = | birth_name = Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed | birth_date = Awaare, [[Itoobiya]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = Madaxbannaaan | residence = [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya | awards = 2 | children = 7 | education = University of London }} '''Mahdi Maxamed Guleed "Khadar"''' ({{lang-en|Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid "Khadar"}}; {{lang-ar|مهدي محمد جوليد خضر}}) waxa uu ahaa ku-simaha Ahna Raysal wasaaraha Waqti xaadirkan [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul wasaaraha]] [[Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] kaasi oo horey u ahaa Ra'iisul wasaare ku xigeen wakhtiyadii udhexeeyay 21 Maarso [[2017]] ilaa 25 Luulyo [[2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/26/c_139240332.htm|title=Somali president appoints new acting prime minister|accessdate=July 25, 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725212435/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/26/c_139240332.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Khadar farogelin muu ka yeelin arrimaha [[Dhulka muransan (Waqooyiga Soomaaliya)]] ==Hordhac== Mahdi maxamed guuleed wuxuu ka soo jeeda beesha ugu balaadhan isaaq ee Ciidagale Mahdi guuleed waa Raysal wasaaraha waqti xaadirkan sii hayaha ah. Waana nin aad u firfircoon karti badan wax qabadkiisu Aad u cad yahay Soomali oo dhana jeceshahay ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Siyaasi]] [[Category:Raiisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya]] 2678if8r7hkrpxrrpz7jhzjm1nx71f3 0 31114 302495 250059 2026-07-15T11:13:51Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Cumar Carte Qaalib]] ilaa [[Cumar Ghalib]] 250059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gumud}} {{Infobox Prime Minister |name = Umar Arteh Ghalib <br> عمر عرتي غالب |image = Omararteghalib.jpg |order = 7aad [[Raiisul wasaaraha soomaaliya]] |president = |deputy = |term_start = 24 January 1991 |term_end = May 1993* |predecessor = [[Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]] |successor = [[Cali Khaliif Galayr]] (2000) |office1 = [[Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda (Somalia)|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda]] |term_start1 = 1969 |term_end1 = 1977 |predecessor1 = [[Xaaji Faarax Cali Cumar]] |successor1 = [[Siyaad Barre]] |birth_date = {{birth year and age|1930}} |birth_place = |party = [[Somali Youth League]] |religion = Muslim, sunni |footnotes = |Dhintay=18/11/2020|Died=18/nov/2020 (Hargeisa, Somaliland)}} '''Cumar Carte Qaalib''' (dhashay [[1930]]) waa siyaasi soomaaliyeed. Waxa uuna dhintay dhintay [[18 nov 2020]]) Waxa uu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Jamhuuriyadda Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliya ka bilaabato Janaayo 24, [[1991]] ilaa May [[1993]]. <ref name="WS">[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia.html Somalia] at WorldStatesmen.org</ref> wuxuu hore u ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ka bilaabato [[1969]] ilaa [[1977]]. [[Category:Raiisul Wasaarayaasha Soomaaliya]] [[category:Siyaasiyiinta Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] [[Category:Madax dawladeed oo markii dambe la xiray]] mkpia82zvonfdb1zye6oj6brm3obebe 0 31544 302370 242390 2026-07-14T18:52:25Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Shaqo */ 302370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Marilyn Monroe|image=Monroecirca1953.jpg|caption=Monroe ee 1953|birth_name=Norma Jeane Mortenson|birth_date={{Birth date|mf=yes|1926|6|1}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], Kalifornia|death_date={{Death date and age|mf=yes|1962|8|4|1926|6|1}}|death_place=Los Angeles, Kalifornia|death_cause=|resting_place=|other_names=Norma Jeane Baker|occupation=*Jilaa *moodel *fanaan|years_active=1945–1962|spouse={{marriage|James Dougherty|1942|1946|end=la furay}}<br />{{marriage|[[Joe DiMaggio]]|1954|1955|end=la furay}}<br />{{marriage|[[Arthur Miller]]|1956|1961|end=la furay}}|website={{URL|marilynmonroe.com}}|signature=Marilyn Monroe Signature.svg}} '''Marilyn Monroe''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|ɹ|ɪ|l|ɪ|n|_|m|ə|n|ˈ|ɹ|oʊ}}; magaceeda dhalasho waa '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''; waxy dhalatay Juun 1, 1926&nbsp;– waxy dhimatay Agoosto 4, 1962) waxay ahayd atariisho, moodel, iyo fanaan Mareykan ah. Caan ku ah doorkeeda majaajilada ah ee "[[Aragtida timo cadaalad|naag timo cadaalad ah]]", waxay noqotay mid kamid ah [[Astaanta galmada|astaamaha galmada]] ee ugu caansan sanadihii 1950-meeyadii iyo horaantii 1960-yadii waxayna astaan ​​u ahayd [[Kacaanka galmada|kacaankii galmada]] ee waagii hore. Waxay ahayd atariisho sare muddo toban sano ah, filimadeeduna waxay soo xareeyeen $200 milyan (oo u dhiganta $2 bilyan 2020) [[Geerida Marilyn Monroe|markay dhimatay]] 1962.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-marilyn-monroe-19620806-story.html "Marilyn Monroe Dies; Pills Blamed"]</ref> Muddo dheer dhimashadeeda ka dib, waxay sii ahaanaysaa astaanta weyn ee [[Dhaqanka caanka ah|dhaqanka pop-ka]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChapman2001|Chapman 2001]], pp. 542–543; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHall2006|Hall 2006]], p. 468.</ref> Sanadkii 1999, Machadka Filimada Mareykanka ayaa Monroe kaalinta lixaad kaga jira [[Machadka Filimada Maraykanka 100 Sano...100 Xidig|liistada halyeeyada shaashadda dumarka ugu weyn laga soo bilaabo Da'da Dahabiga ah ee Hollywood]]. Ka dib doorar yar yar oo taxane ah, waxay la saxiixatay [[20th Century Studios|Fox]] dabayaaqadii 1950. Labada sano ee soo socota, waxay noqotay atariisho caan ah oo door ku leh filimo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[As Young as You Feel|''As Young as You Feel'']], ''[[Monkey Business]]'', ''[[Clash by Night]]'' iyo ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]''. Fadeexad ayay la kulantay markii la ogaaday in ay sawir qaawan ka gashay ka hor intii ayna xidig noqon balse sheekadu waxba uma dhimin shaqadeeda taas badalkeedana waxay keentay xiisaha filimadeeda. Sannadkii 1953-kii, Monroe waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah xiddigaha [[Hollywood]]-ka ee suuqa ugu badan; Waxay door hoggaamineed ku lahayd ''[[Niagara]]'', oo si bareer ah ugu tiirsanayd rafcaankeeda galmoodka, iyo majaajilada ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' iyo ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', taas oo u dejisay muuqaalkeeda xiddigta sida "naag [[timo cadaalad]] leh". Isla sanadkaas, sawirradeeda qaawan ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii udub dhexaadka iyo daboolka cadadka ugu horreeya ee Playboy. Waxay kaalin mug leh ku lahayd abuurista iyo maaraynta sumcadeeda guud intii ay ku jirtay shaqadeeda, laakiin way niyad jabtay markii ay istuudiyaha mushahar yar ka qaadan jirtay. Waxaa si kooban shaqada looga joojiyay horraantii 1954-tii markii ay diiday mashruuc filim laakiin waxa ay ku soo laabatay xiddigeeda ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955), mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu waa weyn ee shaqadeeda. Markii istuudiyaha uu weli ka caga jiidayo inuu beddelo qandaraaska Monroe, waxay aasaastay shirkaddeeda filim soo saarista 1954. Waxay u heellan tahay 1955 si ay u dhisto shirkadda waxayna bilowday inay wax ka barato istuudiyaha [[Lee Strasberg]] [[Actors Studio]]. Kadib sanadkaas, Fox waxay ku abaalmarisay qandaraas cusub, kaas oo siisay xakameyn dheeraad ah iyo mushahar weyn. Dooraheedii xigay waxaa ka mid ahaa jilid si weyn loogu amaanay goobta ''[[Bus Stop]]'' (1956) iyo filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan [[The Prince and the Showgirl|''The Prince and the Showgirl'']] (1957). Waxay ku guulaysatay [[abaalmarinta Golden Globe]] doorkeeda ee ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959), guul muhiim ah iyo ganacsi. Filimkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee la dhammaystiray wuxuu ahaa ''[[The Misfits]]'' (1961). Nolosha gaarka ah ee dhibka badan ee Monroe waxay heshay dareen badan. Waxay la daalaa dhacaysay [[Balwad|qabatinka]] iyo [[Khalkhalka niyadda|niyad-jabka]]. Guurkeedii ay la yeelatay xiddigii baseball-ka [[Joe DiMaggio]] iyo riwaayad-yaqaan [[Arthur Miller]] ayaa si heersare ah loo dacaayadeeyay, labadooduba waxay ku dhammaadeen furriin. Agoosto 4, 1962, waxay ku dhimatay da'da 36 jir xad dhaafka oo [[barbiturate]] gurigeeda [[Los Angeles]]. Dhimashadeeda ayaa lagu xukumay inay tahay mid is dishay. == Shaqo == === 1926–1943: Caruurnimada iyo guurka 1aad === [[File:Marilyn_monroe_as_an_infant_brightened.jpg|alt=Monroe as an infant, wearing a white dress and sitting on a sheepskin rug|right|thumb|Monroe ilmo ahaan , {{circa|1927}}]] Monroe waxay ku dhalatay Norma Jeane Mortenson isbitaalka Los Angeles County Hospital ee Los Angeles, Kalifornia.<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001 Spoto 2001], pp. 3, 13–14; [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012 Banner 2012], p. 13.</ref>  Hooyadeed, Gladys Pearl Baker, waxay ka dhalatay qoys sabool ah oo u soo haajiray Kaliforniya bilowgii qarniga.<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001 Spoto 2001], pp. 9–10; [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFRollyson2014 Rollyson 2014], pp. 26–29.</ref>  Markay 15 jir ahayd, hooyadeed waxay guursatay John Newton Baker, oo ah nin xadgudub badan. Waxay lahaayeen laba caruur ah oo magacyadooda la kala yiraahdo Robert (1917–1933) and Berniece (d. 1919).<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 7–9; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 19.</ref> Waxay si guul leh ku xareysay furiin waxayna gacanta ku haysay 1923, laakiin Baker wuxuu afduubay caruurta wax yar kadib wuxuuna ula dhaqaaqay Kentucky.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 9; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 20; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLeaming1998|Leaming 1998]], pp. 52–53.</ref> Monroe looma sheegin inay walaalo leedahay ilaa ay ka gaadhay 12 jir, waxayna la kulantay Berniece markii ugu horaysay iyadoo weyn.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 88, ; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 72, </ref> Furniinka kadib, Gladys wuxuu ka shaqeeyey Warshadaha Filimada Iskujira.<ref name=":0">[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 150,; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 24–25.</ref> Sanadkii 1924, waxay guursatay Martin Edward Mortensen, laakiin waxay kala tageen bilo uun kadib waxayna kala tageen 1928.<ref name=":0" /> Aqoonsiga aabbaha Monroe lama yaqaan, waxayna inta badan u isticmaashay Baker magaceeda.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 17, 57.</ref> In kasta oo Gladys maskax ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba aan u diyaarsaneyn ilmo, Monroe yaraantiisii ​​waxay ahayd mid deggan oo faraxsan.  Gladys waxay gabadheeda la gelisay waalidiinta korinta waalidkood ee diinta kiristaanka ah ee Albert iyo Ida Bolender eeHawthorne; iyaduna halkaas ayey ku nooleyd lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay, ilaa ay ku qasabtay inay dib ugu soo laabato magaalada shaqo darteed. Kadib waxay bilawday inay booqato gabadheeda dhamaadka usbuuca.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=155–156}} Ka dib dhowr bilood oo uu ku sugnaa guri nasasho, Gladys waxaa loo ballanqaaday Isbitaalka Gobolka Metropolitan. Nolosheeda inta ka hartay waxay ku qaadatay gudaha iyo banaanka isbitaalada si dhif ahna ayey ula xiriiri jirtay Monroe [[File:Monroe_and_James_Dougherty.jpg|left|thumb|Monroe iyo ninkeeda koowaad, James Dougherty, ''c.'' 1943–44.  Waxay is guursadeen iyadoo 16 jir ah.]] Afarta sano ee soo socota, xaaladda nololeed ee Monroe inta badan way is beddeshay.  16-kii bilood ee ugu horreeyay, waxay sii waday inay la noolaato Atkinsons, waxaana lagu xadgudbay galmo inta lagu jiro waqtigan. Had iyo jeer gabar xishood badan, hadda iyadu sidoo kale waxay sameysay turunturoon waxayna noqotay mid laga laabto.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=27, 54–73}} Xagaagii 1935, waxay muddo kooban la joogtay Grace iyo ninkeeda Erwin "Doc" Goddard iyo laba qoys oo kale,{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=47–48}}  iyo bishii Sebtember, Grace waxay ku meeleeysay Guriga Agoonta ee Los Angeles.  Xarunta agoonta waxay ahayd "xarun lagu daydo" waxaana si wanaagsan ugu qeexay asxaabteeda, laakiin Monroe waxay dareentay in laga tagay.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=60–63}} Waxaa ku dhiirigaliyay shaqaalaha xarunta agoonta oo u maleeyay in Monroe ay ku faraxsanaan doonto la noolaanshaha qoys, Grace waxay noqotay ilaaliyeheeda sharciga sanadkii 1936, laakiin kama aysan saarin xarunta agoonta ilaa xagaagii 1937.   Joogitaanka labaad ee Monroe ee Goddards wuxuu socday dhowr bilood oo keliya maxaa yeelay Doc ayaa kufsatay iyada;{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=62–64}}  ka dib waxay la noolayd muddo kooban ehelkeeda iyo Grace saaxiibbadeed iyo qaraabadeedii ku kala sugnaa Los Angeles iyo Compton.  Waxay ahayd waaya-aragnimadii carruurnimada ee markii ugu horreysay ku kaliftay iyada inay noqoto jilaa: "Ma jeclayn adduunka igu wareegsan maxaa yeelay wuxuu ahaa nooc Jinx ah [...] Markii aan maqlay in tani ay jileyso, waxaan iri waa waxa aan doonayo  in aan noqdo [...] Qaar ka mid ah qoysaskeyga koriya ayaa ii soo diri jiray si aan u daawado filimada si ay guriga iiga saaraan halkaasna waxaan fadhiisan jiray habeen iyo maalinba. Horta, waxaa jira shaashad weyn, ilmo yar oo keligiis ah, waana jeclaaday."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/14/greatinterviews|title=Great interviews of the 20th century: "When you're famous you run into human nature in a raw kind of way"|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=September 14, 2007|access-date=October 21, 2015|first=Richard|last=Meryman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104070748/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/14/greatinterviews|archive-date=November 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Monroe waxay guri joogto ah ka heshay bishii Sebtember 1938, markay bilawday inay la noolaato eedadeed Grace, Ana Lower, oo ku taal Sawtelle.  Waxay ka diiwaangashanayd Dugsiga Sare ee Emerson Junior waxayna u tagtay toddobaadle adeegyada Christian Science oo ay la socoto Hoose.  Monroe haddii kale wuxuu ahaa arday dhexdhexaad ah, laakiin wuxuu ku fiicnaaday qoraalka wuxuuna wax ku darsaday wargeyska dugsiga.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=73–76}}  Dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee waayeelka Hoose awgeed, Monroe wuxuu ku soo noqday inuu la noolaado Goddards-ka Van Nuys horraantii 1941.  Isla sanadkaas, waxay bilowday inay dhigato Dugsiga Sare ee Van Nuys.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=67–69}}  1942, shirkadii ka shaqeysay Doc Goddard ayaa u wareejisay West Virginia.  Sharciyada ilaalinta caruurta ee Kaalifoorniya ayaa ka hor istaagay Goddards inay ka qaadaan gobolka Monroe gobolka, waxayna la kulantay inay ku noqoto xarunta agoonta.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=86–90}} Xal ahaan, waxay guursatay wiilkooda deriska ah wiil 21 jir ah, James Dougherty, bishii Juun 19, 1942, wax yar uun ka dib dhalashadeedii 16aad.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=70–75}} Monroe markii dambe wuxuu ka baxay dugsiga sare wuxuuna noqday xaas guri-joog ah. Waxay is aragtay iyada iyo Dougherty oo aan is khaldin waxayna markii dambe sheegtay inay "dareemayso caajis" mudadaas.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=70–78}} Sannadkii 1943, Dougherty wuxuu iska qortay Maraakiibta Ganacsiga iyo Jasiiradda Santa Katalina wax saldhig u ahaa, Meeshii Monroe isaga la rartay. === 1944–1948: doorarka filimka ugu horeeya === [[File:MarilynMonroe_-_YankArmyWeekly.jpg|alt=Portrait of Monroe aged 20, taken at the Radioplane Munitions Factory|left|thumb|Sawir ahaan Conover of Monroe oo ka socda Shirkadda Radioplane bartamihii-1944]] Bishii Abriil 1944, Dougherty waxaa loo diray Baasifigga, wuxuuna halkaas sii joogi doonaa inta badan labada sano ee soo socota.  Monroe wuu dhaqaaqay oo wuxuu shaqo ka bilaabay Radioplane Company, oo ah warshad wax qarisa oo ku taal Van Nuys. waxay ka tagtay ka shaqaynta warshada bishii Janaayo 1945 waxayna bilawday inay u shaqayso kor u qaadista Conover iyo asxaabtiisa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yank USA 1945|url=http://www.wartimepress.com/archives.asp?TID=YANK%20USA%201943&MID=YANK%20-%20USA%20Edition&q=357&FID=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072009/http://www.wartimepress.com/archives.asp?TID=YANK%20USA%201943&MID=YANK%20-%20USA%20Edition&q=357&FID=42|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 7, 2017|publisher=Wartime Press|access-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Iyaga oo iska difaacaya ninkeeda la hawlgaliyay, kaligeed ayay dhaqaaqday waxayna heshiis la saxiixatay Blue Book Model Agency bishii Ogosto 1943.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=103–104}} Hay'addu waxay u aragtay in quruxda Monroe ay ku habboon tahay joornaalada iyada oo inta badan lagu soo bandhigi jiray xayeysiinta iyo joornaalada ragga.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=95–107}} Si ay ugu badato shaqaalaynta, waxay toosisay timaheeda wayna midabaysay.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 93–95; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 105–108</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Emmeline Snively, milkiilaha wakaaladda, Monroe waxay si dhakhso leh u noqotay mid ka mid ah moodooyinka ugu hami iyo dadaal badan;  horaantii 1946, waxay ka soo muuqatay 33 joornaal joornaal sida ''Pageant'', ''Camera'', ''Laff'', iyo ''Peek''.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 95,; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 109, </ref> Monroe waxay mararka qaar isticmaali jirtay magaca Jean Norman. Iyada oo loo marayo Snively, Monroe wuxuu qandaraas la saxiixday hay'ad ku-meel-gaar ah Juun 1946.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=110–111}} Ka dib wareysi aan guuleysan oo ka socda Paramount Pictures, waxaa fursad siiyay Ben Lyon, oo ah fuliyaha 20th Century-Fox. Qandaraaska Monroe wuxuu bilaabmay bishii Ogast 1946, iyada iyo Lyon waxay xusheen magaca masraxa "Marilyn Monroe".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=112–114}} Magaca koowaad waxaa qaatay Lyon, oo xasuusisay atariishada Marilyn Miller;  magaca ugu dambeeya wuxuu ahaa Monroe hooyadiis magaca gabadha.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=114}} Bishii Sebtember 1946, waxay furtay Dougherty, oo ka soo horjeedday shaqadeeda atariisho.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=109}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_postcard.JPG|alt=A smiling Monroe sitting on a beach and leaning back on her arms. She is wearing a bikini and wedge sandals.|thumb|Monroe ''c.'' 1945]] Monroe waxay lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay ku qaadatay Fox barashada jilitaanka, heesaha, iyo qoob ka ciyaarka, iyo u kuurgalida hannaanka filim sameynta.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 118–120; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 130–131.</ref> Qandaraaskeeda waxaa dib loo cusbooneysiiyay Febraayo 1947, waxaana la siiyay doorkeedii ugu horreeyay ee filim ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) iyo ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948).{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=120–121}} Istuudiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ka diiwaangaliyay Tiyaatarka Sheybaarka Jilayaasha, oo ah iskuul jilitaan.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=122–126}} Macallimiinteedu waxay dareemeen inay xishood badan tahay isla markaana aysan kalsooni ku qabin inay mustaqbal ku yeelato jilitaanka, Fox-na ma aysan cusbooneysiinin qandaraaskeeda Ogosto 1947. Waxay ku laabatay qaabeynta iyadoo waliba shaqooyin aan caadi aheyn mararka qaar ka qaban jirtay istuudiyaha filimada, sida inay ka shaqeyso qoob ka ciyaarka gadaashiisa si ay hogaanka ugu hayso dhibcaha muusikada.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 120–121, 126; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 133.</ref> Iyadu door yar bay ku lahayd riwaayaddii ''Glamour'' ee laga doorbiday Tiyaatarka Bliss-Hayden, laakiin waxay ku dhammaatay waxqabadyo yar ka dib.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 122–129; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 133.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 130–133; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 133–144.</ref> Waxay noqotay saaxiib iyo marmar lammaane galmo ee madaxa Fox Joseph M. Schenck, oo u sheegay saaxiibkiis Harry Cohn, madaxa fulinta ee Columbia Pictures, inuu u saxiixo bishii Maarso 1948.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 204–216, [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 141–144; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 133–134.</ref> Kolumbia, Monroe waxaa laga soo qaatay Rita Hayworth oo iyaduna leh timo midab leh.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 139; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 133–134.</ref> Waxay bilowday inay la shaqeyso tababaraha istuudiyaha, Natasha Lytess, oo sii ahaan doonta la-taliyeheeda illaa 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=133–134}} Filimkeeda kaliya ee istuudiyaha ahaa wuxuu ahaa miisaaniyad yar ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948), taas oo ay ku lahayd doorkeedii ugu horreeyay ee gabadh ah oo uu u hanqal taagayo nin maalqabeen ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=59}} Waxay sidoo kale lagu wadaa inay door hoggaamineed ka qaadato ''Born Yesterday'' (1950), laakiin qandaraaskeeda lama cusboonaysiin bishii Sebtember 1948.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=148}} ''Ladies of the Chorus'' waa la sii daayay bishii xigta oo aan lagu guuleysan.{{sfn|Summers|1985|p=43}} === 1949–1952: sanadaha guusha === [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_Asphalt_Jungle.jpg|alt=Monroe in ''The Asphalt Jungle''. She is wearing a black dress and stands in a doorway, facing a man wearing a trench coat and a fedora|left|thumb|Monroe filimka''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950)]] Markii ay dhammaatay qandaraaskeedii ay kula jirtay Kolumbia, Monroe waxay mar kale ku soo laabatay qaabeynta. Waxay u toogatay ganacsi loogu talagalay biirka Pabst waxayna u muuqatay qaawan kalandarka John Baumgarth (iyadoo isticmaaleysa magaca 'Mona Monroe').{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=151–153}} Waxyar ka dib markay ka tagtay Columbia, waxay sidoo kale la kulantay oo noqotay sayidad Johnny Hyde, madaxweyne ku xigeenka Wakaaladda William Morris.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 145–146; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 149, 157.</ref> Hyde awgeed, Monroe door yar ayuu ku lahaa dhowr filim,{{efn|Marka laga soo tago ''All About Eve'' iyo ''The Asphalt Jungle'', Filimadii Monroe ee 1950 waxay ahaayeen ''Love Happy'', ''A Ticket to Tomahawk'', ''Right Cross'' iyo ''The Fireball''. ''Home Town Story'' (1951).}} oo ay ku jiraan laba filim oo si weyn loo amaanay: ''All About Eve'' (1950) iyo ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950).{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=59–60}} In kasta oo ay shaashaddeeda daqiiqado kooban ku jirtay filimaanta, haddana waxa ay caan ku noqotay ''[[Photoplay]]'' oo sida uu sheegayo taariikh-yaqaankii hore ee Donald Spoto "si wax ku ool ah ayuu uga guuray moodelkii filimka oo wuxuu u wareegay atariisho halis ah".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=159–162}} Bishii Diseembar 1950, Hyde wuxuu kala xaajooday Monroe qandaraas toddobo sano ah qarnigii 20-aad-Fox.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFRieseHitchens1988|Riese & Hitchens 1988]], p. 228; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 182.</ref> Hyde wuxuu u dhintay wadno xanuun maalmo un kadib, taas oo xasuuqday Monroe.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 175–177; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 157.</ref> Sannadkii 1951, Monroe wuxuu ku lahaa doorar kaalmo seddex filim oo si dhexdhexaad ah ugu guuleystey Fox: ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'', ''[[Love Nest]]'', iyo ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=60}} Caan ka noqoshada dhagaystayaasha ayaa sidoo kale sii kordheysay: waxay heshay dhowr kun oo waraaqo taageerayaal ah usbuucii, waxaana ku dhawaaqay "Miss Cheesecake ee 1951" by wargeyska ciidanka ee ''Stars and Stripes'', taas oo ka tarjumeysa dookha askarta ee Dagaalkii Kuuriya. Bishii Febraayo 1952, Ururka Saxaafadda Dibadda ee Hollywood ayaa u magacaabay Monroe "shaqsiyadda ugu wanaagsan ee dhallinta".<ref name="gg">{{cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/marilyn-globes-golden-girl|title=Marilyn: The Globes' Golden Girl|publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (HFPA)|access-date=September 11, 2015|first=Yoram|last=Kahana|date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> Nolosheeda gaarka ah, Monroe waxay xiriir gaaban la yeelatay agaasime Elia Kazan sidoo kale waxay si kooban ula jirtay dhowr nin oo kale, oo ay ku jiraan agaasime Nicholas Ray iyo jilayaasha Yul Brynner iyo Peter Lawford.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 180–181; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 163–167, 181–182.</ref> Horaantii 1952, waxay bilawday jacayl si heer sare ah loo soo bandhigey oo ay la yeelatay xiddigga baseball-ka ee howlgabnimada ka noqday New York Yankees Joe DiMaggio, oo ka mid ah shaqsiyaadka ugu caansan isboortiga xilligan. [[File:Monroe_in_Don't_Bother_to_Knock_(1952).jpg|alt=Monroe, wearing a transparent lace robe and diamond earrings, sitting at a dressing table and looking off-camera with a shocked expression|right|thumb|Monroe ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952)]] Monroe waxay isku aragtay bartamaha fadeexad bishii Maarso 1952, markay si cad u shaacisay inay u muuqatay jadwal qaawan sanadkii 1949.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSummers1985|Summers 1985]], p. 58; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213</ref> Istuudiyaha ayaa wax ka bartay sawirrada iyo in si guud loogu xanto inay tahay moodel toddobaadyo ka hor, iyadoo ay weheliso Monroe waxay go'aansadeen in si looga fogaado in waxyeello loo gaadho xirfaddeeda ay fiicnaan lahayd in loo oggolaado iyada oo la leeyahay iyada ayaaba liidata waqtigaas iyo  u baahday lacagta sawirada.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 224–226; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 194–195.</ref> Taasi waxay ka dhigtay inay ka hesho naxariis dadweynaha iyo xiisaha kordhay ee filimadeeda, oo ay hadda ku heleyso mushaar sare. Kadib fadeexadii, Monroe waxaa lagu soo bandhigay daboolka Life sida "Hadalka Hollywood" iyo qoraaga xanta Hedda Hopper wuxuu ku dhawaaqay "boqoradda farmaajo" waxay u jeesatay "guulaha xafiiska."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/05/04/page/103/article/they-call-her-the-blowtorch-blonde|title=They Call Her The Blowtorch Blonde|work=Chicago Tribune|date=May 4, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Hedda|last=Hopper|author-link=Hedda Hopper|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121135919/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/05/04/page/103/article/they-call-her-the-blowtorch-blonde/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Fox waxay sii deysay seddex filim oo Monroe ah -''[[Clash by Night]]'', [[Don't Bother to Knock|''Don't Bother to Knock'']] iyo [[We're Not Married!|''We're Not Married!'']] - wax yar ka dib si ay uga faa'iidaysato danta dadweynaha.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 61–62, 224–226; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 194–195.</ref> In kasta oo caannimadeeda cusubi ay u tahay [[Astaan ​​galmo|astaan ​​jinsi]], Monroe sidoo kale waxay rajeyneysay inay muujiso wax badan oo ka mid ah jilitaankeeda.  Waxay bilawday inay la qaadato casharo jilayaal ah Michael Chekhov iyo Lotte Goslar waxyar kadib markay bilowday qandaraaska Fox,<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 188–189; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 170–171, 178</ref> iyo ''Clash by Night'' iyo ''Don’t Brother to Knock'' waxay ku muujisay doorarro kala duwan.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=194–195}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/50452|title=Clash By Night|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=196–197}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1951/film/reviews/don-t-bother-to-knock-1200417267/|title=Review: Don't Bother to Knock|date=December 31, 1951|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref> [[File:Monroe_and_Andes_in_Clash_By_Night.jpg|left|thumb|Keith Andes iyo Monroe ee ''Clash by Night'' (1952). Filimku wuxuu u oggolaaday Monroe inay soo bandhigto wax badan oo ka mid ah jilitaankeeda doorka cajiibka ah.]] Monroe seddexdii filim ee kale ee 1952 waxay ku sii waday iyada doorka majaajillada oo diiradda saareysa racfaankeeda galmo.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=200}} Howard Hawks filimka ''Monkey Business'', oo ay ku jileysay ka soo horjeedka Cary Grant, waxay ku matashay xogheyn "carrab la', caruur, aan waxba galabsan oo aan ka warqabin dhibaatada ay u leedahay galmo iyada ku xeeran".{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}} Waxay ku laheys ''Full House O. Henry'' door yar shaqaale galmo.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=224–225}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/10/19/page/103/article/marilyn-monroe-tells|title=Marilyn Monroe Tells: How to Deal With Wolves|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=October 19, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Florabel|last=Muir|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121143131/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/10/19/page/103/article/marilyn-monroe-tells|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Muddadan, Monroe waxay ku heshay sumcad inay adag tahay in lala shaqeeyo, taas oo ka sii dari doonta inta ay shaqadeedu socoto.  Inta badan way soo daahday ama kamay soo xaadirin haba yaraatee, ma xasuusato khadadkeeda, waxayna dalban lahayd dhawr dib-u-qaadis ah ka hor intaysan ku qancin waxqabadkeeda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=238}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=139, 195, 233–234, 241, 244, 372}} Dhibaatooyinka Monroe waxaa loo aaneeyey isku-darnaanta kaamil ahaanta, isku kalsooni-darrada, iyo cabsida masraxa.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 328–329; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 51–56, 238; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 188–189, 211–214.</ref> Waxay jeceshahay xakamayn la'aanta ku saabsan filimka mana waligeed la mid ah dhibaatooyin la mid ah intii lagu jiray sawirada sawirada, taas oo ay wax badan ka dhihi laheyd waxqabadkeeda waxayna noqon kartaa mid iskaa wax u qabso ah halkii aad raaci laheyd qoraalka.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 328–329; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 51–56, 238; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 188–189, 211–214.</ref><ref name="levin" />{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=257–264}}{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=189–190, 210–211}} === 1953: Caannimada sii kordheysa === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=210|caption1=''[[Niagara]]'' (1953), oo ku nooleyd rafcaan galmo|alt1=Monroe in ''Niagara''. A close-up of her face and shoulders; she is wearing gold hoop earrings and a shocking pink top|image1=Marilyn Monroe Niagara.png|image2=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Movie Trailer Screenshot (34).jpg|caption2=Sameynta heesta ''[[Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend]]'' filimka ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953)|alt2=Monroe in ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes''. She is wearing a shocking pink dress with matching gloves and diamond jewelry, and is surrounded by men in tuxedos|image3=Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell at Chinese Theater 4.jpg|caption3=Monroe iyo [[Jane Russell]]|alt3=|image4=Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall in How to Marry a Millionaire trailer.jpg|caption4=Monroe, [[Betty Grable]], iyo [[Lauren Bacall]] filimka ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]''|alt4=Monroe in ''How to Marry a Millionaire''. She is wearing an orange swimsuit and is seated next to Betty Grable, who is wearing shorts and a shirt, and Lauren Bacall, who is wearing a blue dress.}}Monroe wuxuu jilay seddex filim oo la sii daayay 1953 wuxuuna u soo muuqday astaamo weyn oo jinsi ah iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu bandhiga badan Hollywood.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 221; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 61–65; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLev2013|Lev 2013]], p. 168.</ref><ref name="www.quigleypublishing.com Top10_lists">{{cite web|url=http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html|title=The 2006 Motion Picture Almanac, Top Ten Money Making Stars|publisher=Quigley Publishing Company|access-date=August 25, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221063625/http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html|archive-date=December 21, 2014}}</ref> Midka koowaad wuxuu ahaa ''[[Niagara]]'', oo ay ku ciyaaraysa dumar qorsheyneysa inay ninkeeda disho, waxaana ciyaaray Joseph Cotten.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=233}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=25, 62}} Sida laga soo xigtay Sarah Churchwell, Niagara wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah aflaanta galmada ugu cad cad ee xirfadda Monroe.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}} Muuqaallada qaarkood, jirka Monroe waxaa lagu daboolay oo keliya go'yaal ama tuwaal, oo loo arko inuu argagax ku yahay dhagaystayaasha casriga ah.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 62; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 195–196.</ref> Markii Niagara la sii daayay Janaayo 1953, naadiyada haweenku waxay uga mudaaharaadeen inay tahay anshax xumo, laakiin waxay caan ku noqotay dhagaystayaasha.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 221; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 205; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLeaming1998|Leaming 1998]].</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0DF163FE53ABC4A51DFB7668388649EDE|title=Niagara Falls Vies With Marilyn Monroe|work=The New York Times|date=January 22, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105231428/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0DF163FE53ABC4A51DFB7668388649EDE|archive-date=November 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/niagara-1200417447/|title=Review: 'Niagara'|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=December 31, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121060822/http://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/niagara-1200417447/|archive-date=November 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Monroe waxay sii waday inay soo jiidato dareenka iyadoo xiraneysa dhar muujinaya, oo ugu caansanaa abaalmarinta Photoplay bishii Janaayo 1953, halkaasoo ay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta "Xiddiga ugu dhaqsaha badan". Intii ''Niagara'' ay Monroe ka dhigtay astaan ​​galmo oo ay dhistay "muuqaalkeeda", filimkeedii labaad ee 1953, majaajillada muusikada ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]].'' Monroe waxay si dhakhso leh u qarinaysay iyada oo ah atariisho rafcaan u noqon karta dhagaystayaasha lab iyo dhedig labadaba.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 219–220; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 177.</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1953/film/reviews/gentlemen-prefer-blondes-2-1200417560/|title=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=July 1, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=William|last=Brogdon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121062432/http://variety.com/1953/film/reviews/gentlemen-prefer-blondes-2-1200417560/|archive-date=November 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B07E0DC173DE23BBC4E52DFB1668388649EDE|title=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|work=The New York Times|date=July 16, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Bosley|last=Crowther|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926154609/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B07E0DC173DE23BBC4E52DFB1668388649EDE|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Sebtember, Monroe waxay markii ugu horreysay ka sameysay telefishanka ''Jack Benny Show''.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=250}} Waxay keentay filimkeedii saddexaad ee sanadka, ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]].'' Jagada Monroe oo ah astaan ​​galmo oo hogaamisa ayaa la xaqiijiyay bishii Diseembar 1953, markii [[Hugh Hefner]] ay ku soo bandhigtay iyada daboolka iyo sidii xarunta dhexe ee cadadkii ugu horeeyay ee ''[[Playboy]]'';  Monroe ma oggolaan daabacaadda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=217}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=217}} === 1954–1955: === {{multiple image|align=left|direction=vertical|width=180|image1=Monroe DiMaggio Wedding.jpg|width1=|caption1=Joe DiMaggio iyo Monroe ka dib markay ku aqal galeen San Francisco City Hall, Janawari 1954|alt1=Close-up of Monroe and DiMaggio kissing; she is wearing a dark suit with a white fur-collar and he a dark suit|image2=Marilyn Monroe.jpg|width2=|caption2=Monroe Febraayo 1954|alt2=Monroe standing on a podium wearing a tight dress and high-heeled sandals, greeting a crowd of US Marines}}Monroe waxay noqotay mid kamid ah jilayaasha ugu waa weyn qarnigii 20-aad-Fox, laakiin qandaraaskeedu isma badelin ilaa iyo sanadkii 1950, taasoo la micno ah in lasiiyay mushaar aad ugayar marka loo eego jilayaasha kale ee maqaamkeeda oo aan dooran karin mashaariicdeeda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=68}} {{sfn|Banner|2012|p=217}} Markay ahayd Janaayo 14, iyada iyo Joe DiMaggio waxay ku aqal galeen Aqalka San Francisco.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=260}} Kadib waxay u safreen dalka [[Jabaan]], iyagoo isku daraya bisha malab iyo safarkiisa ganacsi .{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=262–263}} Laga soo bilaabo Tokyo, waxay keligeed u safartay Kuuriya, halkaas oo ay ka qayb gashay bandhigga Ururada Adeegga Midoobey, iyagoo heeso heeso ah ka qaadaya filimadooda in ka badan 60,000 US Marines muddo afar maalmood ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=241}} Markii ay ku soo laabatay Mareykanka, waxaa la siiyay abaalmarinta ''Photoplay'' "Jilaa Dumarka ugu Caansan".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=267}} Monroe waxay la degtay Fox bishii Maarso, iyadoo loo balanqaaday qandaraas cusub, gunno ah $ 100,000, iyo door oo filimka ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]''.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=271}} Bishii Abriil 1954, ''River of No Return'', filimkii ugu dambeeyay ee Monroe duubay kahor xayiraadda, ayaa la sii daayay. {{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=66–67}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_photo_pose_Seven_Year_Itch.jpg|alt=Monroe is posing for photographers, wearing a white halterneck dress, which hem is blown up by air from a subway grate on which she is standing.|thumb|Monroe inta filim duubaya muuqaal loogu talagalay ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'']] Bishii Sebtember 1954, Monroe wuxuu bilaabay duubista ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'', oo ay la jileyso Tom Ewell haweeney noqotey shayga dabeecadda galmada ee deriskeeda guursaday.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=283–284}} Goobta "Subway grate" ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan Monroe iyo Toddoba Sano Cuncun ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah guulaha ganacsi ee ugu weynaa sanadka ka dib markii la sii daayay bishii Juun 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=331}} Muuqaalka faafitaanka ayaa Monroe saaray bogagga hore ee caalamiga, waxayna sidoo kale calaamad u ahayd dhammaadkii guurkeedii DiMaggio, oo ay ka xanaaqday.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 284–285; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 8–9.</ref> Labada lamaane ayaa dhib kala kulmay aktarada maseyrkiisa iyo dabeecadiisa xakameynta; sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa mid jidh dil badan.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 208, 222–223, 262–267, 292; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 243–245; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 204, 219–221.</ref> Ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay NYC kuna soo noqday Hollywood bishii Oktoobar 1954, Monroe wuxuu dalbaday furiin, ka dib sagaal bilood oo kaliya oo uu is qabay. Monroe waxay sheegtay inay ka "daashay doorka isku jinsiga ah" waxayna cadeysay inaysan hada qandaraas kula jirin Fox, maadaama aysan gudan waajibaadkii loo igmaday, sida inay siisay gunadii loo balan qaaday.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=302–303}} Tani waxay bilaabatay dagaal sharciyeed socday muddo sanad ah oo u dhaxeeyay iyada iyo Fox bishii Janaayo 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=301–302}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=338}} [[File:Monroe_Actors_Studio.jpg|alt=Monroe, who is wearing a skirt, blouse and jacket, standing below a sign for the Actors Studio looking up towards it|left|thumb|Monroe]] Kadib markii ay aasaastay shirkaddeeda MMP, Monroe waxay u guurtay Manhattan waxayna ku qaadatay 1955 barashada jilitaanka. Waxay la qaadatay fasalo Constance Collier waxayna ka qaybgashay aqoon isweydaarsiyo ku saabsan habka wax looga qabanayo Actors Studio, oo uu maamulo Lee Strasberg.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=302}} Waxay ku soo dhowaatay Strasberg iyo xaaskiisa Paula, iyagoo casharo gaar ah ku qaata gurigooda xishoodkeeda awgiis, waxayna isla markiiba noqotay xubin qoys.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=327}} Waxay ku bedeshay tababaraheedii kumeelgaarka ahaa, Natasha Lytess, Paula;  Strasbergs waxay ahaan jirtay saameyn muhiim ah inta ka hartay xirfadeeda.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=350}} {{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=310–313}} Dhamaadka sanadka, Monroe iyo Fox waxay saxiixeen qandaraas cusub oo toddobo sano ah, maadaama MMP aysan awoodin inay kaligood maalgaliso filimada, istudiyaha-na wuxuu rabay inuu Monroe markale u shaqeeyo iyaga.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=301–302}} Fox ayaa siin doonta $ 400,000 si ay afar filim ugu sameyso, waxayna xaq u siisay inay doorato mashaariicdeeda, agaasimayaasha iyo sawir qaadayaasha.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=339–340}} Waxay sidoo kale xor u noqon laheyd inay sameyso hal filim oo MMP ah filim kasta oo dhameystiran oo loogu talagalay Fox.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=339–340}} === 1956–1959: Mahadnaq halis ah iyo guurka Arthur Miller === Monroe waxay ku bilaabatay 1956 iyadoo ku dhawaaqday guushii ay ka gaadhay 20th Century-Fox.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=296–297}} Saxaafadda ayaa hada sifiican wax uga qortay go'aankeeda ku aadan la dagaalanka istuudiyaha; ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' wuxuu ugu yeeray "ganacsade xariif ah"{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=341}}{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=296–297}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=343–345}} Bishii Maarso, Monroe waxay bilowday duubista riwaayadda ''[[Bus Stop]]'', filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee qandaraaska cusub.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=345}} Waxay u garaacday Chérie, oo ah heesaa saloon ah oo riyadeeda xiddigta ay ku adkaatay wiil yar oo cowboy ah oo jacayl u qaba iyada.  Doorka, waxay baratay lahjad Ozark ah, waxay dooratay dharka iyo qurxinta oo aan lahayn soo jiidashada filimadeeda hore, waxayna si ula kac ah u siisay hees iyo qoob ka ciyaar.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=352–357}} Agaasime Joshua Logan ayaa ogolaaday inuu jiheeyo, inkasta oo uu markii hore ka shakiyay waxqabadkeeda jilitaanka isla markaana uu ogaa sumcadeeda inay ku adag tahay la shaqaynta.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=352–354}} Duubista filimku waxay ka dhacday [[Idaho]] and [[Arizona]], iyada oo Monroe "farsamo ahaan mas'uulka ka ah" oo ah madaxa MMP, mararka qaarkoodna go'aan ka gaadho shaleemooyinka iyo iyada oo Logan la qabsanaysa daahitaankeeda joogtada ah iyo kaamil ahaanta.  Khibraddu waxay bedeshay fikradda Logan ee Monroe, markii dambena wuxuu la barbar dhigay iyada [[Charlie Chaplin]] awooddeeda isku-darka majaajilada iyo musiibada.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=254}} [[File:Monroe_Miller_Wedding.jpg|alt=Cropped photo of Monroe and Miller cutting the cake at their wedding. Her veil is lifted from her face and he is wearing a white shirt with a dark tie.|left|thumb|Monroe iyo Arthur Miller arooskoodii bishii Juun 1956]] Bishii Juun 29, Monroe iyo Miller waxay ku aqal galeen Maxkamadda Westchester County ee White Plains, New York; laba maalmood ka dib waxay xaflad [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah ku qabteen guriga Kay Brown, wakiilka suugaanta Miller, ee Waccabuc, New York.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=364–365}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Marilyn Monroe's Westchester Wedding; Plus, More County Questions And Answers|date=November 2014|first=Tom|last=Schreck|work=[[Westchester Magazine]]|url=https://www.westchestermagazine.com/Westchester-Magazine/November-2014/Marilyn-Monroes-Westchester-Wedding-Plus-More-County-Questions-And-Answers/|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517063630/http://www.westchestermagazine.com//Westchester-Magazine/November-2014/Marilyn-Monroes-Westchester-Wedding-Plus-More-County-Questions-And-Answers|archive-date=May 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Guurka gudihiisa, Monroe wuxuu isu beddelay diinta Yuhuudda, taas oo horseedday Masar inay mamnuucdo dhammaan filimadeeda.{{sfn|Meyers|2010|pp=156–157}} ''Bus Stop'' waxaa la sii daayay Ogosto 1956 wuxuuna noqday guul muhiim ah iyo ganacsi.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 358–359; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 69.</ref>{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=358}} Waxay sidoo kale heshay abaalmarin dahab ah oo loogu talagalay magacaabista aktarada ugu fiican waxqabadkeeda.<ref name="gg" /> [[File:Laurence_Olivier_and_Marilyn_Monroe_Prince_and_the_Showgirl_1957.jpg|alt=Close-up of smiling Monroe and Laurence Olivier, cheek-to-cheek. She is wearing long diamond earrings.|thumb|Laurence Olivier iyo Monroe intii lagu jiray shir jaraa'id oo ay ku dhawaaqayeen mashruucooda wadajirka ah, ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957)]] Bishii Ogosto, Monroe wuxuu sidoo kale bilaabay duubista wax soosaarkii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan ee MMP, ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'', oo ka socda Pinewood Studios ee England.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=372}} Laurence Olivier, oo iyadu sidoo kale agaasime ka ahayd isla markaana matalay masraxa masraxa, ayaa ka xanaajisay hadalkii ay ku oraneyso ee ah "Waxa kaliya ee ay tahay inaad sameyso waa galmo", iyada oo dalabkiisa ay ku celcelinayso fasiraadda masraxa [[Vivien Leigh]] ee dabeecadd. sidoo kale necbahay joogitaanka joogtada ah ee Paula Strasberg, Monroe oo ah ku simaha tababaraha, oo la dhigay.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=370–379}} Aargudashada, Monroe wuxuu noqday wada shaqeyn la'aan wuxuuna bilaabay inuu si ula kac ah u soo daaho, isagoo gadaal ka sheegaya "hadaadan ixtiraamin fanaaniintaada, si fiican uma shaqeyn karaan."{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=258–261}} Monroe sidoo kale waxay la kulantay dhibaatooyin kale intii lagu jiray wax soo saarka.  Ku tiirsanaanta ay ku leedahay dawooyinka ayaa sii kordhay, sida laga soo xigtay Spoto, waxay lahayd dhicis.  Iyada iyo Greene ayaa sidoo kale ku murmay sida loo maamulo MMP. Inkasta oo ay jiraan dhibaatooyin, filimku wuxuu ku dhammaaday jadwalka dhammaadka 1956. ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' waxaa loo siidaayay dib-u-eegis isku dhafan bishii Juun 1957 waxayna muujiyeen in aysan jeclayn dhagaystayaasha Mareykanka.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=69}} Waxay sifiican uga heshay Yurub, halkaas oo lagu siiyay abaalmarinta David di Donatello oo Talyaani ah iyo abaalmarinta Crystal Star abaalmarinta waxaana loo magacaabay BAFTA.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=346}} Ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay England, Monroe wuxuu qaatay 18 bilood oo nasasho ah si uu xoogga u saaro nolosha qoyska.  Iyada iyo Miller waxay waqtigooda u kala qaybiyeen NYC, Connecticut iyo Long Island.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=381–382}} Waxay yeelatay uur-ku-jirta ectopic bartamihii-1957, iyo dhicis sanad kadib;{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=392–393, 406–407}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=274–277}} Monroe sidoo kale isbitaal muddo gaaban ah ayaa loo dhigay sababo la xiriira xad dhaaf xad dhaaf ah.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=321}} Maaddaama iyada iyo Greene ay xallin kari waayeen khilaafaadkooda ku saabsan MMP, Monroe wuxuu iibsaday qaybtiisa shirkadda.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=389–391}} [[File:Some_like_it_hot_film_poster.jpg|alt=Monroe, Curtis and Lemmon playing instruments with other musicians in the orchestra|left|thumb|Iyada oo ay weheliyaan Tony Curtis iyo Jack Lemmon oo ka tirsan Billy Wilder filimka ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959), taas oo ay ugu guuleysatay Golden Globe]] Monroe wuxuu ku laabtay Hollywood bishii Luulyo 1958 si uu ula jilo Jack Lemmon iyo Tony Curtis filimka majaajillada ah ee Billy Wilder, ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=325 on it being a comedy on gender}} Waxay tixgelisay doorka Sugar Kane "door kale oo caadi ah" laakiin way aqbashay sababtoo ah dhiirigelinta Miller iyo bixinta boqolkiiba toban faa'iidooyinka filimka oo ka sarreeya mushaharkeeda caadiga ah.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=325}} Soo saarista adag ee filimka ayaa tan iyo markii ay noqotay "halyeey".{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=626}} Ugu dambeyntiina, Wilder wuxuu ku faraxsanaa waxqabadka Monroe wuxuuna yiri: "Qof walba wuu xusuusan karaa khadadka, laakiin waxay u baahan tahay farshaxan dhab ah inuu la yimaado shaxda oo uusan aqoon khadkeeda isla markaana uu siiyo waxqabadka ay sameysay!".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=406}} === 1960–1962: Hoos u dhaca shaqada iyo dhibaatooyinka shaqsiyadeed === [[File:Monroe_Montand_Let's_Make_Love.jpg|alt=Monroe and Montand standing next to a piano in a studio-type setting and looking at sheet music.|right|thumb|Yves Montand iyo Monroe oo ku jira majaajillada miyuusigga ah ee ''[[Let’s Make Love]]'' (1960), oo ay ku oggolaatay inay sameyso oo keliya inay fuliso qandaraaskeeda Fox]] Monroe waxay qaadatay nasasho kale ilaa dabayaaqadii 1959, markii ay ku jileysay majaajillada miyuusigga ah ee ''[[Let’s Make Love]]''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=71}} Waxay u dooratay George Cukor inuu jiheeyo Miller-na wuxuu dib u qoray qayb ka mid ah qoraalka, oo ay u aragtay daciif; waxay aqbashay qaybta kaliya maxaa yeelay waxay ka dambeysay qandaraaskeedii Fox.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=410–415}} Intii lagu gudajiray duubista, Monroe wuxuu xiriir gogol dhaaf ah la yeeshay Yves Montand, kaasoo saxaafada si weyn u tabisay una isticmaalay ololaha xayeysiinta filimka.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=72}} filimku ma guuleysan markii la sii daayay Sebtember 1960.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=335}} Filimkii ugu dambeeyay ee Monroe dhameeyay wuxuu ahaa ''The Misfits''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=266}} Waxay ciyaaray haweeney dhawaan la furay oo saaxiibo la noqotay seddex gabdhood oo gaboobay, oo ay ciyaareen Clark Gable, Eli Wallach iyo Montgomery Clift.  Duubista filimka lamadegaanka Nevada intii u dhaxeysay Luulyo iyo Nofember 1960 ayaa mar kale adkaatay.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=429–430}} Guurka Monroe iyo Miller sifiican ayuu udhamaaday, wuxuuna bilaabay xiriir cusub Inge Morath.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=266}} Monroe iyo Miller ayaa kala tagay filim duubis kadib, waxayna heshay furiin reer [[Meksiko]] bishii Janaayo 1961.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=450–455}} Monroe ayaa ku xigay xidigta taxanaha telefishanka laakiin mashruuca ayaa burburay maaddaama shabakadu aysan rabin inay shaqaaleyso xulashadeeda agaasimaha, Lee Strasberg.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=453–454}} Halkii ay ka shaqeyn lahayd, waxay ku qaadatay lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay 1961 mashquul caafimaad.  Waxay gashay qalliin loo yaqaan 'cholecystectomy' iyo qalliin loogu talagalay endometriosis, waxayna qaadatay afar toddobaad isbitaal la dhigey niyad-jabka.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=453, for a new role, 466–467 for operations, 456–464 for psychiatric hospital stays}} [[File:Cropped_version_of_Monroe_on_the_set_of_Something's_Got_to_Give.jpg|alt=Monroe wearing a form-fitting white dress with flowers and an open back. She is standing and smiling over her shoulder at the camera.|right|thumb|Monroe on set ah ''Something’ Got to Give''. Waxay ku maqneyd inta badan wax soo saarka jirro darteed waxaana shaqada ka ceyriyay Fox bishii Juun 1962, laba bilood ka hor dhimashadeeda]] Monroe waxay ku soo noqotay indhaha dadweynaha gugii 1962;  waxay heshay "Abaalmarinta Filimka Adduunka" Abaalmarinta Dahabka ah ee Dahabiga ah waxayna bilawday inay u duubto filim Fox, ''Something’ Got to Give'', dib u habeynta ''My Favorite Wife'' (1940).{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=258, for the involvement of MMP}} Monroe waxay ku xigtay filim muuqaal ah Waxyaabaha La Siinayo taas oo ay ku dhex dabbaashay barkad dabaal ah.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=523}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=74}} Bishii Juun 7, Fox waxay shaqada ka ceyrisay Monroe waxayna ku dacweysay $ 750,000 oo magdhow ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=75}} Waxaa lagu badalay Lee Remick, laakiin ka dib markii Martin uu diiday inuu filimka la sameeyo qof kale oo aan aheyn Monroe, Fox ayaa sidoo kale dacweysay isagana waxay xirtay wax soo saarkii.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=535–536}} Istuudiyaha ayaa ku eedeeyay Monroe masiibada filimka wuxuuna bilaabay inuu faafiyo dacaayad xun oo iyada ku saabsan, xitaa isagoo ku andacoonaya inay maskaxiyan qasnayd.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=75}} Waxay kale qorsheyneysay inay jileyso taariikh nololeedka Jean Harlow. Si ay u hagaajiso muuqaalkeeda guud, Monroe waxay ku hawlanayd dhowr shirkadood oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan wareysiyo loogu talagalay ''Life'' iyo ''[[Cosmopolitan]]'' iyo sawirkeedii ugu horreeyay ee loogu talagalay ''[[Vogue]]''.  Vogue, iyada iyo sawir qaade Bert Stern waxay iska kaashadeen laba sawir oo taxane ah, midkoodna tifaftirka moodada caadiga ah iyo mid kale oo iyada oo qaawan ah, oo lagu daabacay si heer sare ah cinwaankeedu yahay ''[[The Last Sitting]]''.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=401}} == Dhaxalka == {{Main|Marilyn Monroe ee dhaqanka caanka ah}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe,_Photoplay_1953.jpg|left|thumb|Monroe oo ku jirta sawirka xayeysiiska ee majaladda ''[[Photoplay]]'' ee 1953]] Sida laga soo xigtay ''The Guide to United States Popular Culture'', "sida astaanta dhaqanka caanka ah ee Maraykanka, Monroe dhowrka xafiiltamaan ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Elvis Presley]] iyo [[Mickey Mouse]] ... ma jiro xiddig kale oo waligiis dhiirigeliyay shucuur aad u ballaaran - laga bilaabo damaca ilaa naxariis, ka xaasidnimada ilaa qoomamada."{{sfn|Chapman|2001|pp=542–543}} [[Gail Levin]] wuxuu sheegay in Monroe laga yaabo inuu ahaa "qofka ugu sawirada badan qarnigii 20aad",<ref name="levin2">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/marilyn-monroe-filmmaker-interview-gail-levin/63/|title=Filmmaker interview – Gail Levin|date=July 19, 2006|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810035145/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/marilyn-monroe-filmmaker-interview-gail-levin/63/|archive-date=August 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo [[Machadka Filimada Mareykanka]] ayaa u aqoonsaday sida [[Machadka Filimada Maraykanka 100 Sano...100 Xidig|haweeneyda lixaad ee ugu weyn halyeyga shaashada taariikhda filimada Mareykanka]]. [[Machadka Smithsonian]] ayaa ku daray liiskooda "100-ka Ameerika ee ugu Muhiimsan Waqti Kasta",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonianmag/meet-100-most-significant-americans-all-time-180953341/|title=Meet the 100 Most Significant Americans of All Time|last=Frail|first=T.A.|date=November 17, 2014|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321144943/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonianmag/meet-100-most-significant-americans-all-time-180953341/|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo ''[[Variety]]'' iyo [[VH1]] labaduba waxay dhigteen tobanka ugu sarreeya qiimeyntooda astaamaha dhaqanka caanka ah ee ugu caansan qarnigii labaatanaad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4344910.stm|title=Beatles Named 'Icons of Century'|date=October 16, 2005|publisher=BBC|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306201152/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4344910.stm|archive-date=March 6, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=The 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons Complete Ranked List|publisher=[[VH1]]|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html|access-date=September 10, 2015|via=[[PR Newswire]]|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511154709/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html}}</ref> Boqolaal buug ayaa laga qoray Monroe. Waxay noqotay mawduuca filimada, riwaayadaha, operasyada, iyo heesaha, waxayna saameyn ku yeelatay fanaaniinta iyo madadaalada sida [[Andy Warhol]] iyo [[Madonna]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 12–15; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHamscha2013|Hamscha 2013]], pp. 119–129.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/16/michel-schneider-top-10-marilyn-monroe-books|title=Michel Schneider's Top 10 Books About Marilyn Monroe|last=Schneider|first=Michel|date=November 16, 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928145942/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/16/michel-schneider-top-10-marilyn-monroe-books|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale weli ah calaamad qiimo leh:<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991257,00.html|title=The Blond Marilyn Monroe|date=June 14, 1999|magazine=Time|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106091538/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C991257%2C00.html|archive-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|last1=Rudnick|first1=Paul}}</ref> Sawirkeeda iyo magaceeda ayaa loo fasaxay boqolaal alaab, waxaana lagu soo bandhigay xayeysiinta noocyada ay ka mid yihiin [[Max Factor]], [[Chanel]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], iyo [[Absolut Vodka]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="www.theguardian.com max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/09/max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe|title=Max Factor Can't Claim Credit for Marilyn Monroe|last=Churchwell|first=Sarah|date=January 9, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825013827/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/09/max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=August 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Caannimada joogtada Monroe waxay ku xidhan tahay muuqaalkeeda dadwaynaha ee iska soo horjeeda.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFFullerLloyd1983|Fuller & Lloyd 1983]], p. 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFMarcus2004|Marcus 2004]], pp. 17–19, 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 21–42.</ref> Waxay weli tahay astaanta galmada, astaanta quruxda iyo mid ka mid ah xiddigaha ugu caansan [[Shineemada Hollywoodka Qadiimiga|shineemada Hollywood-ka qadiimiga]] ah.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 8.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remembering-marilyn-monroe-43964747/|title=Remembering Marilyn Monroe|last=Stromberg|first=Joseph|date=August 5, 2011|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928090337/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remembering-marilyn-monroe-43964747/|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/marilyn-icon|title=Marilyn: The Icon|last=Wild|first=Mary|date=May 29, 2015|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906134813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/marilyn-icon|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxa kale oo lagu xusuustaa nolosheeda gaarka ah ee dhibka badan, caruurnimada oo aan degganayn, halgankii xushmada xirfadeed, iyo sidoo kale dhimashadeeda iyo aragtiyaha shirqoolka ee ku xeeran.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFFullerLloyd1983|Fuller & Lloyd 1983]], p. 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSteinemBarris1987|Steinem & Barris 1987]], pp. 13–15; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 8.</ref> Waxaa wax ka qoray aqoonyahanno iyo suxufiyiin xiiseeya jinsiga iyo [[Dumarnimo|dumarnimada]].<ref name="Guardianfem">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/features/featurepages/0,,498050,00.html|title=Happy Birthday, Marilyn|date=May 29, 2001|work=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611194816/http://www.theguardian.com/film/features/featurepages/0,,498050,00.html|archive-date=June 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFRose2014|Rose 2014]], pp. 100–137.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHaskell1991|Haskell 1991]], pp. 254–265.</ref><ref>"Max Factor Can't Claim Credit for Marilyn Monroe".</ref><ref>"Marilyn Monroe: Proto-feminist?".</ref><ref>"Happy Birthday, Marilyn". The Guardian.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSteinemBarris1987|Steinem & Barris 1987]], pp. 15–23; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 27–28.</ref><ref>"Engineering an Icon". ''The New York Times''.</ref> [[File:James_Gill's_"Marylin_Tryptich".jpg|thumb|''Marilyn Triptych'' (1962)]] Sababtoo ah farqiga u dhexeeya xiddignimadeeda iyo nolosheeda gaarka ah ee dhibka leh, Monroe waxay si dhow ugu xidhan tahay doodaha ballaadhan ee ku saabsan ifafaalaha casriga ah sida caannimada, iyo dhaqanka macaamiisha.{{sfn|Hamscha|2013|pp=119–129}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html|title=Marilyn Monroe, the Eternal Shape Shifter|last=Banner|first=Lois|date=August 5, 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517063539/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html|archive-date=May 17, 2019|url-status=live|ref=none}}</ref> Monroe ayaa weli ah astaan dhaqameed, laakiin dhaleeceynta ayaa ku kala qaybsan dhaxalkeeda jilaa ahaan. David Thomson wuxuu ku tilmaamay shaqadeeda mid "aan la taaban karin"<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/105847/the-inscrutable-life-and-death-marilyn-monroe|title=The Inscrutable Life and Death of Marilyn Monroe|last=Thomson|first=David|author-link=David Thomson (film critic)|date=August 6, 2012|magazine=New Republic|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210190429/https://newrepublic.com/article/105847/the-inscrutable-life-and-death-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=December 10, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pauline Kael]] ayaa qortay in wax jili karin, balse ay "ay u adeegsatay xirfad la'aanteeda atariishada si ay shacabka uga maaweeliyo".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/04/reviews/mailer-marilyn.html|title=Marilyn: A Rip-Off With Genius|last=Kael|first=Pauline|author-link=Pauline Kael|date=July 22, 1973|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325182658/https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/04/reviews/mailer-marilyn.html|archive-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Taas bedelkeeda, [[Peter Bradshaw]] wuxuu qoray in Monroe uu ahaa majaajiliiste hibo leh oo "fahmey sida majaajilada u gaartay saameynteeda".<ref name="bradshaw">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/09/cannes-marilyn-monroe|title=Cannes and the Magic of Marilyn Monroe|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Bradshaw|date=May 9, 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923131249/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/09/cannes-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-some-like-it-hot-1959|title=Some Like It Hot|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=January 9, 2000|publisher=Roger Ebert.com|access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725091543/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-some-like-it-hot-1959|archive-date=July 25, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/marilyn-monroes-brains/Content?oid=920660|title=Marilyn Monroe's Brains|last=Rosenbaum|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Rosenbaum|date=December 1, 2005|work=Chicago Reader|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905085251/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/marilyn-monroes-brains/Content?oid=920660|archive-date=September 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> == Filimada == {{Div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) * ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948) * ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948) * ''[[Love Happy]]'' (1949) * ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950) * ''[[All About Eve]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Fireball]]'' (1950) * ''[[Right Cross]]'' (1951) * ''[[Home Town Story]]'' (1951) * ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' (1951) * ''[[Love Nest]]'' (1951) * ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' (1951) * ''[[Clash by Night]]'' (1952) * ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' (1952) * ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952) * ''[[Monkey Business]]'' (1952) * ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' (1952) * ''[[Niagara]]'' (1953) * ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953) * ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) * ''[[River of No Return]]'' (1954) * ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' (1954) * ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955) * ''[[Bus Stop]]'' (1956) * ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957) * ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959) * ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' (1960) * ''[[The Misfits]]'' (1961) * ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' (1962–dhammeyn) {{Div col end}} == Xiriirinta dibedda == {{Commons category|Marilyn Monroe}} == Tixraacyo == <references /> ge5p5huacurp1i3uk6k9a9fbxm0b9fl 302371 302370 2026-07-14T18:55:58Z Videoiib7 46243 302371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Marilyn Monroe|image=Monroecirca1953.jpg|caption=Monroe ee 1953|birth_name=Norma Jeane Mortenson|birth_date={{Birth date|mf=yes|1926|6|1}}|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]], Kalifornia|death_date={{Death date and age|mf=yes|1962|8|4|1926|6|1}}|death_place=Los Angeles, Kalifornia|death_cause=|resting_place=|other_names=Norma Jeane Baker|occupation=*Jilaa *moodel *fanaan|years_active=1945–1962|spouse={{marriage|James Dougherty|1942|1946|end=la furay}}<br />{{marriage|[[Joe DiMaggio]]|1954|1955|end=la furay}}<br />{{marriage|[[Arthur Miller]]|1956|1961|end=la furay}}|website={{URL|marilynmonroe.com}}|signature=Marilyn Monroe Signature.svg}} '''Marilyn Monroe''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|ɹ|ɪ|l|ɪ|n|_|m|ə|n|ˈ|ɹ|oʊ}}; magaceeda dhalasho waa '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''; waxy dhalatay [[Juun]] [[1]], 1926&nbsp;– waxy dhimatay [[Agoosto]] [[4]], 1962) waxay ahayd atariisho, moodel, iyo fanaan Mareykan ah. Caan ku ah doorkeeda majaajilada ah ee "[[Aragtida timo cadaalad|naag timo cadaalad ah]]", waxay noqotay mid kamid ah [[Astaanta galmada|astaamaha galmada]] ee ugu caansan sanadihii 1950-meeyadii iyo horaantii 1960-yadii waxayna astaan ​​u ahayd [[Kacaanka galmada|kacaankii galmada]] ee waagii hore. Waxay ahayd atariisho sare muddo toban sano ah, filimadeeduna waxay soo xareeyeen $200 milyan (oo u dhiganta $2 bilyan 2020) [[Geerida Marilyn Monroe|markay dhimatay]] 1962.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-marilyn-monroe-19620806-story.html "Marilyn Monroe Dies; Pills Blamed"]</ref> Muddo dheer dhimashadeeda ka dib, waxay sii ahaanaysaa astaanta weyn ee [[Dhaqanka caanka ah|dhaqanka pop-ka]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChapman2001|Chapman 2001]], pp. 542–543; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHall2006|Hall 2006]], p. 468.</ref> Sanadkii 1999, Machadka Filimada Mareykanka ayaa Monroe kaalinta lixaad kaga jira [[Machadka Filimada Maraykanka 100 Sano...100 Xidig|liistada halyeeyada shaashadda dumarka ugu weyn laga soo bilaabo Da'da Dahabiga ah ee Hollywood]]. Ka dib doorar yar yar oo taxane ah, waxay la saxiixatay [[20th Century Studios|Fox]] dabayaaqadii 1950. Labada sano ee soo socota, waxay noqotay atariisho caan ah oo door ku leh filimo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[As Young as You Feel|''As Young as You Feel'']], ''[[Monkey Business]]'', ''[[Clash by Night]]'' iyo ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]''. Fadeexad ayay la kulantay markii la ogaaday in ay sawir qaawan ka gashay ka hor intii ayna xidig noqon balse sheekadu waxba uma dhimin shaqadeeda taas badalkeedana waxay keentay xiisaha filimadeeda. Sannadkii 1953-kii, Monroe waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah xiddigaha [[Hollywood]]-ka ee suuqa ugu badan; Waxay door hoggaamineed ku lahayd ''[[Niagara]]'', oo si bareer ah ugu tiirsanayd rafcaankeeda galmoodka, iyo majaajilada ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' iyo ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', taas oo u dejisay muuqaalkeeda xiddigta sida "naag [[timo cadaalad]] leh". Isla sanadkaas, sawirradeeda qaawan ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii udub dhexaadka iyo daboolka cadadka ugu horreeya ee Playboy. Waxay kaalin mug leh ku lahayd abuurista iyo maaraynta sumcadeeda guud intii ay ku jirtay shaqadeeda, laakiin way niyad jabtay markii ay istuudiyaha mushahar yar ka qaadan jirtay. Waxaa si kooban shaqada looga joojiyay horraantii 1954-tii markii ay diiday mashruuc filim laakiin waxa ay ku soo laabatay xiddigeeda ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955), mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu waa weyn ee shaqadeeda. Markii istuudiyaha uu weli ka caga jiidayo inuu beddelo qandaraaska Monroe, waxay aasaastay shirkaddeeda filim soo saarista 1954. Waxay u heellan tahay 1955 si ay u dhisto shirkadda waxayna bilowday inay wax ka barato istuudiyaha [[Lee Strasberg]] [[Actors Studio]]. Kadib sanadkaas, Fox waxay ku abaalmarisay qandaraas cusub, kaas oo siisay xakameyn dheeraad ah iyo mushahar weyn. Dooraheedii xigay waxaa ka mid ahaa jilid si weyn loogu amaanay goobta ''[[Bus Stop]]'' (1956) iyo filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan [[The Prince and the Showgirl|''The Prince and the Showgirl'']] (1957). Waxay ku guulaysatay [[abaalmarinta Golden Globe]] doorkeeda ee ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959), guul muhiim ah iyo ganacsi. Filimkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee la dhammaystiray wuxuu ahaa ''[[The Misfits]]'' (1961). Nolosha gaarka ah ee dhibka badan ee Monroe waxay heshay dareen badan. Waxay la daalaa dhacaysay [[Balwad|qabatinka]] iyo [[Khalkhalka niyadda|niyad-jabka]]. Guurkeedii ay la yeelatay xiddigii baseball-ka [[Joe DiMaggio]] iyo riwaayad-yaqaan [[Arthur Miller]] ayaa si heersare ah loo dacaayadeeyay, labadooduba waxay ku dhammaadeen furriin. Agoosto 4, 1962, waxay ku dhimatay da'da 36 jir xad dhaafka oo [[barbiturate]] gurigeeda [[Los Angeles]]. Dhimashadeeda ayaa lagu xukumay inay tahay mid is dishay. == Shaqo == === 1926–1943: Caruurnimada iyo guurka 1aad === [[File:Marilyn_monroe_as_an_infant_brightened.jpg|alt=Monroe as an infant, wearing a white dress and sitting on a sheepskin rug|right|thumb|Monroe ilmo ahaan , {{circa|1927}}]] Monroe waxay ku dhalatay Norma Jeane Mortenson isbitaalka Los Angeles County Hospital ee Los Angeles, Kalifornia.<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001 Spoto 2001], pp. 3, 13–14; [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012 Banner 2012], p. 13.</ref>  Hooyadeed, Gladys Pearl Baker, waxay ka dhalatay qoys sabool ah oo u soo haajiray Kaliforniya bilowgii qarniga.<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001 Spoto 2001], pp. 9–10; [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#CITEREFRollyson2014 Rollyson 2014], pp. 26–29.</ref>  Markay 15 jir ahayd, hooyadeed waxay guursatay John Newton Baker, oo ah nin xadgudub badan. Waxay lahaayeen laba caruur ah oo magacyadooda la kala yiraahdo Robert (1917–1933) and Berniece (d. 1919).<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 7–9; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 19.</ref> Waxay si guul leh ku xareysay furiin waxayna gacanta ku haysay 1923, laakiin Baker wuxuu afduubay caruurta wax yar kadib wuxuuna ula dhaqaaqay Kentucky.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 9; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 20; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLeaming1998|Leaming 1998]], pp. 52–53.</ref> Monroe looma sheegin inay walaalo leedahay ilaa ay ka gaadhay 12 jir, waxayna la kulantay Berniece markii ugu horaysay iyadoo weyn.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 88, ; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 72, </ref> Furniinka kadib, Gladys wuxuu ka shaqeeyey Warshadaha Filimada Iskujira.<ref name=":0">[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 150,; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 24–25.</ref> Sanadkii 1924, waxay guursatay Martin Edward Mortensen, laakiin waxay kala tageen bilo uun kadib waxayna kala tageen 1928.<ref name=":0" /> Aqoonsiga aabbaha Monroe lama yaqaan, waxayna inta badan u isticmaashay Baker magaceeda.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 17, 57.</ref> In kasta oo Gladys maskax ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba aan u diyaarsaneyn ilmo, Monroe yaraantiisii ​​waxay ahayd mid deggan oo faraxsan.  Gladys waxay gabadheeda la gelisay waalidiinta korinta waalidkood ee diinta kiristaanka ah ee Albert iyo Ida Bolender eeHawthorne; iyaduna halkaas ayey ku nooleyd lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay, ilaa ay ku qasabtay inay dib ugu soo laabato magaalada shaqo darteed. Kadib waxay bilawday inay booqato gabadheeda dhamaadka usbuuca.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=155–156}} Ka dib dhowr bilood oo uu ku sugnaa guri nasasho, Gladys waxaa loo ballanqaaday Isbitaalka Gobolka Metropolitan. Nolosheeda inta ka hartay waxay ku qaadatay gudaha iyo banaanka isbitaalada si dhif ahna ayey ula xiriiri jirtay Monroe [[File:Monroe_and_James_Dougherty.jpg|left|thumb|Monroe iyo ninkeeda koowaad, James Dougherty, ''c.'' 1943–44.  Waxay is guursadeen iyadoo 16 jir ah.]] Afarta sano ee soo socota, xaaladda nololeed ee Monroe inta badan way is beddeshay.  16-kii bilood ee ugu horreeyay, waxay sii waday inay la noolaato Atkinsons, waxaana lagu xadgudbay galmo inta lagu jiro waqtigan. Had iyo jeer gabar xishood badan, hadda iyadu sidoo kale waxay sameysay turunturoon waxayna noqotay mid laga laabto.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=27, 54–73}} Xagaagii 1935, waxay muddo kooban la joogtay Grace iyo ninkeeda Erwin "Doc" Goddard iyo laba qoys oo kale,{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=47–48}}  iyo bishii Sebtember, Grace waxay ku meeleeysay Guriga Agoonta ee Los Angeles.  Xarunta agoonta waxay ahayd "xarun lagu daydo" waxaana si wanaagsan ugu qeexay asxaabteeda, laakiin Monroe waxay dareentay in laga tagay.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=60–63}} Waxaa ku dhiirigaliyay shaqaalaha xarunta agoonta oo u maleeyay in Monroe ay ku faraxsanaan doonto la noolaanshaha qoys, Grace waxay noqotay ilaaliyeheeda sharciga sanadkii 1936, laakiin kama aysan saarin xarunta agoonta ilaa xagaagii 1937.   Joogitaanka labaad ee Monroe ee Goddards wuxuu socday dhowr bilood oo keliya maxaa yeelay Doc ayaa kufsatay iyada;{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=62–64}}  ka dib waxay la noolayd muddo kooban ehelkeeda iyo Grace saaxiibbadeed iyo qaraabadeedii ku kala sugnaa Los Angeles iyo Compton.  Waxay ahayd waaya-aragnimadii carruurnimada ee markii ugu horreysay ku kaliftay iyada inay noqoto jilaa: "Ma jeclayn adduunka igu wareegsan maxaa yeelay wuxuu ahaa nooc Jinx ah [...] Markii aan maqlay in tani ay jileyso, waxaan iri waa waxa aan doonayo  in aan noqdo [...] Qaar ka mid ah qoysaskeyga koriya ayaa ii soo diri jiray si aan u daawado filimada si ay guriga iiga saaraan halkaasna waxaan fadhiisan jiray habeen iyo maalinba. Horta, waxaa jira shaashad weyn, ilmo yar oo keligiis ah, waana jeclaaday."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/14/greatinterviews|title=Great interviews of the 20th century: "When you're famous you run into human nature in a raw kind of way"|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=September 14, 2007|access-date=October 21, 2015|first=Richard|last=Meryman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104070748/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/sep/14/greatinterviews|archive-date=November 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Monroe waxay guri joogto ah ka heshay bishii Sebtember 1938, markay bilawday inay la noolaato eedadeed Grace, Ana Lower, oo ku taal Sawtelle.  Waxay ka diiwaangashanayd Dugsiga Sare ee Emerson Junior waxayna u tagtay toddobaadle adeegyada Christian Science oo ay la socoto Hoose.  Monroe haddii kale wuxuu ahaa arday dhexdhexaad ah, laakiin wuxuu ku fiicnaaday qoraalka wuxuuna wax ku darsaday wargeyska dugsiga.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=73–76}}  Dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee waayeelka Hoose awgeed, Monroe wuxuu ku soo noqday inuu la noolaado Goddards-ka Van Nuys horraantii 1941.  Isla sanadkaas, waxay bilowday inay dhigato Dugsiga Sare ee Van Nuys.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=67–69}}  1942, shirkadii ka shaqeysay Doc Goddard ayaa u wareejisay West Virginia.  Sharciyada ilaalinta caruurta ee Kaalifoorniya ayaa ka hor istaagay Goddards inay ka qaadaan gobolka Monroe gobolka, waxayna la kulantay inay ku noqoto xarunta agoonta.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=86–90}} Xal ahaan, waxay guursatay wiilkooda deriska ah wiil 21 jir ah, James Dougherty, bishii Juun 19, 1942, wax yar uun ka dib dhalashadeedii 16aad.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=70–75}} Monroe markii dambe wuxuu ka baxay dugsiga sare wuxuuna noqday xaas guri-joog ah. Waxay is aragtay iyada iyo Dougherty oo aan is khaldin waxayna markii dambe sheegtay inay "dareemayso caajis" mudadaas.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=70–78}} Sannadkii 1943, Dougherty wuxuu iska qortay Maraakiibta Ganacsiga iyo Jasiiradda Santa Katalina wax saldhig u ahaa, Meeshii Monroe isaga la rartay. === 1944–1948: doorarka filimka ugu horeeya === [[File:MarilynMonroe_-_YankArmyWeekly.jpg|alt=Portrait of Monroe aged 20, taken at the Radioplane Munitions Factory|left|thumb|Sawir ahaan Conover of Monroe oo ka socda Shirkadda Radioplane bartamihii-1944]] Bishii Abriil 1944, Dougherty waxaa loo diray Baasifigga, wuxuuna halkaas sii joogi doonaa inta badan labada sano ee soo socota.  Monroe wuu dhaqaaqay oo wuxuu shaqo ka bilaabay Radioplane Company, oo ah warshad wax qarisa oo ku taal Van Nuys. waxay ka tagtay ka shaqaynta warshada bishii Janaayo 1945 waxayna bilawday inay u shaqayso kor u qaadista Conover iyo asxaabtiisa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yank USA 1945|url=http://www.wartimepress.com/archives.asp?TID=YANK%20USA%201943&MID=YANK%20-%20USA%20Edition&q=357&FID=42|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072009/http://www.wartimepress.com/archives.asp?TID=YANK%20USA%201943&MID=YANK%20-%20USA%20Edition&q=357&FID=42|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 7, 2017|publisher=Wartime Press|access-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Iyaga oo iska difaacaya ninkeeda la hawlgaliyay, kaligeed ayay dhaqaaqday waxayna heshiis la saxiixatay Blue Book Model Agency bishii Ogosto 1943.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=103–104}} Hay'addu waxay u aragtay in quruxda Monroe ay ku habboon tahay joornaalada iyada oo inta badan lagu soo bandhigi jiray xayeysiinta iyo joornaalada ragga.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=95–107}} Si ay ugu badato shaqaalaynta, waxay toosisay timaheeda wayna midabaysay.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 93–95; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 105–108</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Emmeline Snively, milkiilaha wakaaladda, Monroe waxay si dhakhso leh u noqotay mid ka mid ah moodooyinka ugu hami iyo dadaal badan;  horaantii 1946, waxay ka soo muuqatay 33 joornaal joornaal sida ''Pageant'', ''Camera'', ''Laff'', iyo ''Peek''.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 95,; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 109, </ref> Monroe waxay mararka qaar isticmaali jirtay magaca Jean Norman. Iyada oo loo marayo Snively, Monroe wuxuu qandaraas la saxiixday hay'ad ku-meel-gaar ah Juun 1946.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=110–111}} Ka dib wareysi aan guuleysan oo ka socda Paramount Pictures, waxaa fursad siiyay Ben Lyon, oo ah fuliyaha 20th Century-Fox. Qandaraaska Monroe wuxuu bilaabmay bishii Ogast 1946, iyada iyo Lyon waxay xusheen magaca masraxa "Marilyn Monroe".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=112–114}} Magaca koowaad waxaa qaatay Lyon, oo xasuusisay atariishada Marilyn Miller;  magaca ugu dambeeya wuxuu ahaa Monroe hooyadiis magaca gabadha.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=114}} Bishii Sebtember 1946, waxay furtay Dougherty, oo ka soo horjeedday shaqadeeda atariisho.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=109}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_postcard.JPG|alt=A smiling Monroe sitting on a beach and leaning back on her arms. She is wearing a bikini and wedge sandals.|thumb|Monroe ''c.'' 1945]] Monroe waxay lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay ku qaadatay Fox barashada jilitaanka, heesaha, iyo qoob ka ciyaarka, iyo u kuurgalida hannaanka filim sameynta.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 118–120; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 130–131.</ref> Qandaraaskeeda waxaa dib loo cusbooneysiiyay Febraayo 1947, waxaana la siiyay doorkeedii ugu horreeyay ee filim ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) iyo ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948).{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=120–121}} Istuudiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ka diiwaangaliyay Tiyaatarka Sheybaarka Jilayaasha, oo ah iskuul jilitaan.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=122–126}} Macallimiinteedu waxay dareemeen inay xishood badan tahay isla markaana aysan kalsooni ku qabin inay mustaqbal ku yeelato jilitaanka, Fox-na ma aysan cusbooneysiinin qandaraaskeeda Ogosto 1947. Waxay ku laabatay qaabeynta iyadoo waliba shaqooyin aan caadi aheyn mararka qaar ka qaban jirtay istuudiyaha filimada, sida inay ka shaqeyso qoob ka ciyaarka gadaashiisa si ay hogaanka ugu hayso dhibcaha muusikada.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 120–121, 126; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 133.</ref> Iyadu door yar bay ku lahayd riwaayaddii ''Glamour'' ee laga doorbiday Tiyaatarka Bliss-Hayden, laakiin waxay ku dhammaatay waxqabadyo yar ka dib.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 122–129; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 133.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 130–133; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 133–144.</ref> Waxay noqotay saaxiib iyo marmar lammaane galmo ee madaxa Fox Joseph M. Schenck, oo u sheegay saaxiibkiis Harry Cohn, madaxa fulinta ee Columbia Pictures, inuu u saxiixo bishii Maarso 1948.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 204–216, [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 141–144; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 133–134.</ref> Kolumbia, Monroe waxaa laga soo qaatay Rita Hayworth oo iyaduna leh timo midab leh.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 139; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 133–134.</ref> Waxay bilowday inay la shaqeyso tababaraha istuudiyaha, Natasha Lytess, oo sii ahaan doonta la-taliyeheeda illaa 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=133–134}} Filimkeeda kaliya ee istuudiyaha ahaa wuxuu ahaa miisaaniyad yar ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948), taas oo ay ku lahayd doorkeedii ugu horreeyay ee gabadh ah oo uu u hanqal taagayo nin maalqabeen ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=59}} Waxay sidoo kale lagu wadaa inay door hoggaamineed ka qaadato ''Born Yesterday'' (1950), laakiin qandaraaskeeda lama cusboonaysiin bishii Sebtember 1948.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=148}} ''Ladies of the Chorus'' waa la sii daayay bishii xigta oo aan lagu guuleysan.{{sfn|Summers|1985|p=43}} === 1949–1952: sanadaha guusha === [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_Asphalt_Jungle.jpg|alt=Monroe in ''The Asphalt Jungle''. She is wearing a black dress and stands in a doorway, facing a man wearing a trench coat and a fedora|left|thumb|Monroe filimka''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950)]] Markii ay dhammaatay qandaraaskeedii ay kula jirtay Kolumbia, Monroe waxay mar kale ku soo laabatay qaabeynta. Waxay u toogatay ganacsi loogu talagalay biirka Pabst waxayna u muuqatay qaawan kalandarka John Baumgarth (iyadoo isticmaaleysa magaca 'Mona Monroe').{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=151–153}} Waxyar ka dib markay ka tagtay Columbia, waxay sidoo kale la kulantay oo noqotay sayidad Johnny Hyde, madaxweyne ku xigeenka Wakaaladda William Morris.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 145–146; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 149, 157.</ref> Hyde awgeed, Monroe door yar ayuu ku lahaa dhowr filim,{{efn|Marka laga soo tago ''All About Eve'' iyo ''The Asphalt Jungle'', Filimadii Monroe ee 1950 waxay ahaayeen ''Love Happy'', ''A Ticket to Tomahawk'', ''Right Cross'' iyo ''The Fireball''. ''Home Town Story'' (1951).}} oo ay ku jiraan laba filim oo si weyn loo amaanay: ''All About Eve'' (1950) iyo ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950).{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=59–60}} In kasta oo ay shaashaddeeda daqiiqado kooban ku jirtay filimaanta, haddana waxa ay caan ku noqotay ''[[Photoplay]]'' oo sida uu sheegayo taariikh-yaqaankii hore ee Donald Spoto "si wax ku ool ah ayuu uga guuray moodelkii filimka oo wuxuu u wareegay atariisho halis ah".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=159–162}} Bishii Diseembar 1950, Hyde wuxuu kala xaajooday Monroe qandaraas toddobo sano ah qarnigii 20-aad-Fox.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFRieseHitchens1988|Riese & Hitchens 1988]], p. 228; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 182.</ref> Hyde wuxuu u dhintay wadno xanuun maalmo un kadib, taas oo xasuuqday Monroe.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 175–177; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 157.</ref> Sannadkii 1951, Monroe wuxuu ku lahaa doorar kaalmo seddex filim oo si dhexdhexaad ah ugu guuleystey Fox: ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'', ''[[Love Nest]]'', iyo ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=60}} Caan ka noqoshada dhagaystayaasha ayaa sidoo kale sii kordheysay: waxay heshay dhowr kun oo waraaqo taageerayaal ah usbuucii, waxaana ku dhawaaqay "Miss Cheesecake ee 1951" by wargeyska ciidanka ee ''Stars and Stripes'', taas oo ka tarjumeysa dookha askarta ee Dagaalkii Kuuriya. Bishii Febraayo 1952, Ururka Saxaafadda Dibadda ee Hollywood ayaa u magacaabay Monroe "shaqsiyadda ugu wanaagsan ee dhallinta".<ref name="gg">{{cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/marilyn-globes-golden-girl|title=Marilyn: The Globes' Golden Girl|publisher=[[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] (HFPA)|access-date=September 11, 2015|first=Yoram|last=Kahana|date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> Nolosheeda gaarka ah, Monroe waxay xiriir gaaban la yeelatay agaasime Elia Kazan sidoo kale waxay si kooban ula jirtay dhowr nin oo kale, oo ay ku jiraan agaasime Nicholas Ray iyo jilayaasha Yul Brynner iyo Peter Lawford.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 180–181; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 163–167, 181–182.</ref> Horaantii 1952, waxay bilawday jacayl si heer sare ah loo soo bandhigey oo ay la yeelatay xiddigga baseball-ka ee howlgabnimada ka noqday New York Yankees Joe DiMaggio, oo ka mid ah shaqsiyaadka ugu caansan isboortiga xilligan. [[File:Monroe_in_Don't_Bother_to_Knock_(1952).jpg|alt=Monroe, wearing a transparent lace robe and diamond earrings, sitting at a dressing table and looking off-camera with a shocked expression|right|thumb|Monroe ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952)]] Monroe waxay isku aragtay bartamaha fadeexad bishii Maarso 1952, markay si cad u shaacisay inay u muuqatay jadwal qaawan sanadkii 1949.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSummers1985|Summers 1985]], p. 58; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213</ref> Istuudiyaha ayaa wax ka bartay sawirrada iyo in si guud loogu xanto inay tahay moodel toddobaadyo ka hor, iyadoo ay weheliso Monroe waxay go'aansadeen in si looga fogaado in waxyeello loo gaadho xirfaddeeda ay fiicnaan lahayd in loo oggolaado iyada oo la leeyahay iyada ayaaba liidata waqtigaas iyo  u baahday lacagta sawirada.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 224–226; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 194–195.</ref> Taasi waxay ka dhigtay inay ka hesho naxariis dadweynaha iyo xiisaha kordhay ee filimadeeda, oo ay hadda ku heleyso mushaar sare. Kadib fadeexadii, Monroe waxaa lagu soo bandhigay daboolka Life sida "Hadalka Hollywood" iyo qoraaga xanta Hedda Hopper wuxuu ku dhawaaqay "boqoradda farmaajo" waxay u jeesatay "guulaha xafiiska."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/05/04/page/103/article/they-call-her-the-blowtorch-blonde|title=They Call Her The Blowtorch Blonde|work=Chicago Tribune|date=May 4, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Hedda|last=Hopper|author-link=Hedda Hopper|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121135919/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/05/04/page/103/article/they-call-her-the-blowtorch-blonde/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Fox waxay sii deysay seddex filim oo Monroe ah -''[[Clash by Night]]'', [[Don't Bother to Knock|''Don't Bother to Knock'']] iyo [[We're Not Married!|''We're Not Married!'']] - wax yar ka dib si ay uga faa'iidaysato danta dadweynaha.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 210–213; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 61–62, 224–226; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 194–195.</ref> In kasta oo caannimadeeda cusubi ay u tahay [[Astaan ​​galmo|astaan ​​jinsi]], Monroe sidoo kale waxay rajeyneysay inay muujiso wax badan oo ka mid ah jilitaankeeda.  Waxay bilawday inay la qaadato casharo jilayaal ah Michael Chekhov iyo Lotte Goslar waxyar kadib markay bilowday qandaraaska Fox,<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 188–189; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 170–171, 178</ref> iyo ''Clash by Night'' iyo ''Don’t Brother to Knock'' waxay ku muujisay doorarro kala duwan.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=194–195}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/50452|title=Clash By Night|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=196–197}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1951/film/reviews/don-t-bother-to-knock-1200417267/|title=Review: Don't Bother to Knock|date=December 31, 1951|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref> [[File:Monroe_and_Andes_in_Clash_By_Night.jpg|left|thumb|Keith Andes iyo Monroe ee ''Clash by Night'' (1952). Filimku wuxuu u oggolaaday Monroe inay soo bandhigto wax badan oo ka mid ah jilitaankeeda doorka cajiibka ah.]] Monroe seddexdii filim ee kale ee 1952 waxay ku sii waday iyada doorka majaajillada oo diiradda saareysa racfaankeeda galmo.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=200}} Howard Hawks filimka ''Monkey Business'', oo ay ku jileysay ka soo horjeedka Cary Grant, waxay ku matashay xogheyn "carrab la', caruur, aan waxba galabsan oo aan ka warqabin dhibaatada ay u leedahay galmo iyada ku xeeran".{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}} Waxay ku laheys ''Full House O. Henry'' door yar shaqaale galmo.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=224–225}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/10/19/page/103/article/marilyn-monroe-tells|title=Marilyn Monroe Tells: How to Deal With Wolves|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=October 19, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Florabel|last=Muir|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121143131/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1952/10/19/page/103/article/marilyn-monroe-tells|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Muddadan, Monroe waxay ku heshay sumcad inay adag tahay in lala shaqeeyo, taas oo ka sii dari doonta inta ay shaqadeedu socoto.  Inta badan way soo daahday ama kamay soo xaadirin haba yaraatee, ma xasuusato khadadkeeda, waxayna dalban lahayd dhawr dib-u-qaadis ah ka hor intaysan ku qancin waxqabadkeeda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=238}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=139, 195, 233–234, 241, 244, 372}} Dhibaatooyinka Monroe waxaa loo aaneeyey isku-darnaanta kaamil ahaanta, isku kalsooni-darrada, iyo cabsida masraxa.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 328–329; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 51–56, 238; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 188–189, 211–214.</ref> Waxay jeceshahay xakamayn la'aanta ku saabsan filimka mana waligeed la mid ah dhibaatooyin la mid ah intii lagu jiray sawirada sawirada, taas oo ay wax badan ka dhihi laheyd waxqabadkeeda waxayna noqon kartaa mid iskaa wax u qabso ah halkii aad raaci laheyd qoraalka.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 328–329; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 51–56, 238; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 188–189, 211–214.</ref><ref name="levin" />{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=257–264}}{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=189–190, 210–211}} === 1953: Caannimada sii kordheysa === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=210|caption1=''[[Niagara]]'' (1953), oo ku nooleyd rafcaan galmo|alt1=Monroe in ''Niagara''. A close-up of her face and shoulders; she is wearing gold hoop earrings and a shocking pink top|image1=Marilyn Monroe Niagara.png|image2=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Movie Trailer Screenshot (34).jpg|caption2=Sameynta heesta ''[[Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend]]'' filimka ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953)|alt2=Monroe in ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes''. She is wearing a shocking pink dress with matching gloves and diamond jewelry, and is surrounded by men in tuxedos|image3=Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell at Chinese Theater 4.jpg|caption3=Monroe iyo [[Jane Russell]]|alt3=|image4=Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall in How to Marry a Millionaire trailer.jpg|caption4=Monroe, [[Betty Grable]], iyo [[Lauren Bacall]] filimka ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]''|alt4=Monroe in ''How to Marry a Millionaire''. She is wearing an orange swimsuit and is seated next to Betty Grable, who is wearing shorts and a shirt, and Lauren Bacall, who is wearing a blue dress.}}Monroe wuxuu jilay seddex filim oo la sii daayay 1953 wuxuuna u soo muuqday astaamo weyn oo jinsi ah iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu bandhiga badan Hollywood.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 221; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 61–65; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLev2013|Lev 2013]], p. 168.</ref><ref name="www.quigleypublishing.com Top10_lists">{{cite web|url=http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html|title=The 2006 Motion Picture Almanac, Top Ten Money Making Stars|publisher=Quigley Publishing Company|access-date=August 25, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221063625/http://www.quigleypublishing.com/MPalmanac/Top10/Top10_lists.html|archive-date=December 21, 2014}}</ref> Midka koowaad wuxuu ahaa ''[[Niagara]]'', oo ay ku ciyaaraysa dumar qorsheyneysa inay ninkeeda disho, waxaana ciyaaray Joseph Cotten.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=233}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=25, 62}} Sida laga soo xigtay Sarah Churchwell, Niagara wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah aflaanta galmada ugu cad cad ee xirfadda Monroe.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=62}} Muuqaallada qaarkood, jirka Monroe waxaa lagu daboolay oo keliya go'yaal ama tuwaal, oo loo arko inuu argagax ku yahay dhagaystayaasha casriga ah.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 62; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 195–196.</ref> Markii Niagara la sii daayay Janaayo 1953, naadiyada haweenku waxay uga mudaaharaadeen inay tahay anshax xumo, laakiin waxay caan ku noqotay dhagaystayaasha.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], p. 221; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 205; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFLeaming1998|Leaming 1998]].</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0DF163FE53ABC4A51DFB7668388649EDE|title=Niagara Falls Vies With Marilyn Monroe|work=The New York Times|date=January 22, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105231428/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0DF163FE53ABC4A51DFB7668388649EDE|archive-date=November 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/niagara-1200417447/|title=Review: 'Niagara'|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=December 31, 1952|access-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121060822/http://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/niagara-1200417447/|archive-date=November 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Monroe waxay sii waday inay soo jiidato dareenka iyadoo xiraneysa dhar muujinaya, oo ugu caansanaa abaalmarinta Photoplay bishii Janaayo 1953, halkaasoo ay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta "Xiddiga ugu dhaqsaha badan". Intii ''Niagara'' ay Monroe ka dhigtay astaan ​​galmo oo ay dhistay "muuqaalkeeda", filimkeedii labaad ee 1953, majaajillada muusikada ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]].'' Monroe waxay si dhakhso leh u qarinaysay iyada oo ah atariisho rafcaan u noqon karta dhagaystayaasha lab iyo dhedig labadaba.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 219–220; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], p. 177.</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1953/film/reviews/gentlemen-prefer-blondes-2-1200417560/|title=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|work=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=July 1, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=William|last=Brogdon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121062432/http://variety.com/1953/film/reviews/gentlemen-prefer-blondes-2-1200417560/|archive-date=November 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B07E0DC173DE23BBC4E52DFB1668388649EDE|title=Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|work=The New York Times|date=July 16, 1953|access-date=October 18, 2015|first=Bosley|last=Crowther|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926154609/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B07E0DC173DE23BBC4E52DFB1668388649EDE|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Sebtember, Monroe waxay markii ugu horreysay ka sameysay telefishanka ''Jack Benny Show''.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=250}} Waxay keentay filimkeedii saddexaad ee sanadka, ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]].'' Jagada Monroe oo ah astaan ​​galmo oo hogaamisa ayaa la xaqiijiyay bishii Diseembar 1953, markii [[Hugh Hefner]] ay ku soo bandhigtay iyada daboolka iyo sidii xarunta dhexe ee cadadkii ugu horeeyay ee ''[[Playboy]]'';  Monroe ma oggolaan daabacaadda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=217}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=217}} === 1954–1955: === {{multiple image|align=left|direction=vertical|width=180|image1=Monroe DiMaggio Wedding.jpg|width1=|caption1=Joe DiMaggio iyo Monroe ka dib markay ku aqal galeen San Francisco City Hall, Janawari 1954|alt1=Close-up of Monroe and DiMaggio kissing; she is wearing a dark suit with a white fur-collar and he a dark suit|image2=Marilyn Monroe.jpg|width2=|caption2=Monroe Febraayo 1954|alt2=Monroe standing on a podium wearing a tight dress and high-heeled sandals, greeting a crowd of US Marines}}Monroe waxay noqotay mid kamid ah jilayaasha ugu waa weyn qarnigii 20-aad-Fox, laakiin qandaraaskeedu isma badelin ilaa iyo sanadkii 1950, taasoo la micno ah in lasiiyay mushaar aad ugayar marka loo eego jilayaasha kale ee maqaamkeeda oo aan dooran karin mashaariicdeeda.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=68}} {{sfn|Banner|2012|p=217}} Markay ahayd Janaayo 14, iyada iyo Joe DiMaggio waxay ku aqal galeen Aqalka San Francisco.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=260}} Kadib waxay u safreen dalka [[Jabaan]], iyagoo isku daraya bisha malab iyo safarkiisa ganacsi .{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=262–263}} Laga soo bilaabo Tokyo, waxay keligeed u safartay Kuuriya, halkaas oo ay ka qayb gashay bandhigga Ururada Adeegga Midoobey, iyagoo heeso heeso ah ka qaadaya filimadooda in ka badan 60,000 US Marines muddo afar maalmood ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=241}} Markii ay ku soo laabatay Mareykanka, waxaa la siiyay abaalmarinta ''Photoplay'' "Jilaa Dumarka ugu Caansan".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=267}} Monroe waxay la degtay Fox bishii Maarso, iyadoo loo balanqaaday qandaraas cusub, gunno ah $ 100,000, iyo door oo filimka ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]''.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=271}} Bishii Abriil 1954, ''River of No Return'', filimkii ugu dambeeyay ee Monroe duubay kahor xayiraadda, ayaa la sii daayay. {{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=66–67}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe_photo_pose_Seven_Year_Itch.jpg|alt=Monroe is posing for photographers, wearing a white halterneck dress, which hem is blown up by air from a subway grate on which she is standing.|thumb|Monroe inta filim duubaya muuqaal loogu talagalay ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'']] Bishii Sebtember 1954, Monroe wuxuu bilaabay duubista ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'', oo ay la jileyso Tom Ewell haweeney noqotey shayga dabeecadda galmada ee deriskeeda guursaday.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=283–284}} Goobta "Subway grate" ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan Monroe iyo Toddoba Sano Cuncun ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah guulaha ganacsi ee ugu weynaa sanadka ka dib markii la sii daayay bishii Juun 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=331}} Muuqaalka faafitaanka ayaa Monroe saaray bogagga hore ee caalamiga, waxayna sidoo kale calaamad u ahayd dhammaadkii guurkeedii DiMaggio, oo ay ka xanaaqday.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 284–285; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 8–9.</ref> Labada lamaane ayaa dhib kala kulmay aktarada maseyrkiisa iyo dabeecadiisa xakameynta; sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa mid jidh dil badan.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 208, 222–223, 262–267, 292; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 243–245; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFBanner2012|Banner 2012]], pp. 204, 219–221.</ref> Ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay NYC kuna soo noqday Hollywood bishii Oktoobar 1954, Monroe wuxuu dalbaday furiin, ka dib sagaal bilood oo kaliya oo uu is qabay. Monroe waxay sheegtay inay ka "daashay doorka isku jinsiga ah" waxayna cadeysay inaysan hada qandaraas kula jirin Fox, maadaama aysan gudan waajibaadkii loo igmaday, sida inay siisay gunadii loo balan qaaday.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=302–303}} Tani waxay bilaabatay dagaal sharciyeed socday muddo sanad ah oo u dhaxeeyay iyada iyo Fox bishii Janaayo 1955.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=301–302}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=338}} [[File:Monroe_Actors_Studio.jpg|alt=Monroe, who is wearing a skirt, blouse and jacket, standing below a sign for the Actors Studio looking up towards it|left|thumb|Monroe]] Kadib markii ay aasaastay shirkaddeeda MMP, Monroe waxay u guurtay Manhattan waxayna ku qaadatay 1955 barashada jilitaanka. Waxay la qaadatay fasalo Constance Collier waxayna ka qaybgashay aqoon isweydaarsiyo ku saabsan habka wax looga qabanayo Actors Studio, oo uu maamulo Lee Strasberg.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=302}} Waxay ku soo dhowaatay Strasberg iyo xaaskiisa Paula, iyagoo casharo gaar ah ku qaata gurigooda xishoodkeeda awgiis, waxayna isla markiiba noqotay xubin qoys.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=327}} Waxay ku bedeshay tababaraheedii kumeelgaarka ahaa, Natasha Lytess, Paula;  Strasbergs waxay ahaan jirtay saameyn muhiim ah inta ka hartay xirfadeeda.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=350}} {{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=310–313}} Dhamaadka sanadka, Monroe iyo Fox waxay saxiixeen qandaraas cusub oo toddobo sano ah, maadaama MMP aysan awoodin inay kaligood maalgaliso filimada, istudiyaha-na wuxuu rabay inuu Monroe markale u shaqeeyo iyaga.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=301–302}} Fox ayaa siin doonta $ 400,000 si ay afar filim ugu sameyso, waxayna xaq u siisay inay doorato mashaariicdeeda, agaasimayaasha iyo sawir qaadayaasha.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=339–340}} Waxay sidoo kale xor u noqon laheyd inay sameyso hal filim oo MMP ah filim kasta oo dhameystiran oo loogu talagalay Fox.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=339–340}} === 1956–1959: Mahadnaq halis ah iyo guurka Arthur Miller === Monroe waxay ku bilaabatay 1956 iyadoo ku dhawaaqday guushii ay ka gaadhay 20th Century-Fox.{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=296–297}} Saxaafadda ayaa hada sifiican wax uga qortay go'aankeeda ku aadan la dagaalanka istuudiyaha; ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' wuxuu ugu yeeray "ganacsade xariif ah"{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=341}}{{sfn|Banner|2012|pp=296–297}}{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=343–345}} Bishii Maarso, Monroe waxay bilowday duubista riwaayadda ''[[Bus Stop]]'', filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee qandaraaska cusub.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=345}} Waxay u garaacday Chérie, oo ah heesaa saloon ah oo riyadeeda xiddigta ay ku adkaatay wiil yar oo cowboy ah oo jacayl u qaba iyada.  Doorka, waxay baratay lahjad Ozark ah, waxay dooratay dharka iyo qurxinta oo aan lahayn soo jiidashada filimadeeda hore, waxayna si ula kac ah u siisay hees iyo qoob ka ciyaar.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=352–357}} Agaasime Joshua Logan ayaa ogolaaday inuu jiheeyo, inkasta oo uu markii hore ka shakiyay waxqabadkeeda jilitaanka isla markaana uu ogaa sumcadeeda inay ku adag tahay la shaqaynta.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=352–354}} Duubista filimku waxay ka dhacday [[Idaho]] and [[Arizona]], iyada oo Monroe "farsamo ahaan mas'uulka ka ah" oo ah madaxa MMP, mararka qaarkoodna go'aan ka gaadho shaleemooyinka iyo iyada oo Logan la qabsanaysa daahitaankeeda joogtada ah iyo kaamil ahaanta.  Khibraddu waxay bedeshay fikradda Logan ee Monroe, markii dambena wuxuu la barbar dhigay iyada [[Charlie Chaplin]] awooddeeda isku-darka majaajilada iyo musiibada.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=254}} [[File:Monroe_Miller_Wedding.jpg|alt=Cropped photo of Monroe and Miller cutting the cake at their wedding. Her veil is lifted from her face and he is wearing a white shirt with a dark tie.|left|thumb|Monroe iyo Arthur Miller arooskoodii bishii Juun 1956]] Bishii Juun 29, Monroe iyo Miller waxay ku aqal galeen Maxkamadda Westchester County ee White Plains, New York; laba maalmood ka dib waxay xaflad [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah ku qabteen guriga Kay Brown, wakiilka suugaanta Miller, ee Waccabuc, New York.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=364–365}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Marilyn Monroe's Westchester Wedding; Plus, More County Questions And Answers|date=November 2014|first=Tom|last=Schreck|work=[[Westchester Magazine]]|url=https://www.westchestermagazine.com/Westchester-Magazine/November-2014/Marilyn-Monroes-Westchester-Wedding-Plus-More-County-Questions-And-Answers/|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517063630/http://www.westchestermagazine.com//Westchester-Magazine/November-2014/Marilyn-Monroes-Westchester-Wedding-Plus-More-County-Questions-And-Answers|archive-date=May 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Guurka gudihiisa, Monroe wuxuu isu beddelay diinta Yuhuudda, taas oo horseedday Masar inay mamnuucdo dhammaan filimadeeda.{{sfn|Meyers|2010|pp=156–157}} ''Bus Stop'' waxaa la sii daayay Ogosto 1956 wuxuuna noqday guul muhiim ah iyo ganacsi.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSpoto2001|Spoto 2001]], pp. 358–359; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 69.</ref>{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=358}} Waxay sidoo kale heshay abaalmarin dahab ah oo loogu talagalay magacaabista aktarada ugu fiican waxqabadkeeda.<ref name="gg" /> [[File:Laurence_Olivier_and_Marilyn_Monroe_Prince_and_the_Showgirl_1957.jpg|alt=Close-up of smiling Monroe and Laurence Olivier, cheek-to-cheek. She is wearing long diamond earrings.|thumb|Laurence Olivier iyo Monroe intii lagu jiray shir jaraa'id oo ay ku dhawaaqayeen mashruucooda wadajirka ah, ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957)]] Bishii Ogosto, Monroe wuxuu sidoo kale bilaabay duubista wax soosaarkii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan ee MMP, ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'', oo ka socda Pinewood Studios ee England.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=372}} Laurence Olivier, oo iyadu sidoo kale agaasime ka ahayd isla markaana matalay masraxa masraxa, ayaa ka xanaajisay hadalkii ay ku oraneyso ee ah "Waxa kaliya ee ay tahay inaad sameyso waa galmo", iyada oo dalabkiisa ay ku celcelinayso fasiraadda masraxa [[Vivien Leigh]] ee dabeecadd. sidoo kale necbahay joogitaanka joogtada ah ee Paula Strasberg, Monroe oo ah ku simaha tababaraha, oo la dhigay.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=370–379}} Aargudashada, Monroe wuxuu noqday wada shaqeyn la'aan wuxuuna bilaabay inuu si ula kac ah u soo daaho, isagoo gadaal ka sheegaya "hadaadan ixtiraamin fanaaniintaada, si fiican uma shaqeyn karaan."{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=258–261}} Monroe sidoo kale waxay la kulantay dhibaatooyin kale intii lagu jiray wax soo saarka.  Ku tiirsanaanta ay ku leedahay dawooyinka ayaa sii kordhay, sida laga soo xigtay Spoto, waxay lahayd dhicis.  Iyada iyo Greene ayaa sidoo kale ku murmay sida loo maamulo MMP. Inkasta oo ay jiraan dhibaatooyin, filimku wuxuu ku dhammaaday jadwalka dhammaadka 1956. ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' waxaa loo siidaayay dib-u-eegis isku dhafan bishii Juun 1957 waxayna muujiyeen in aysan jeclayn dhagaystayaasha Mareykanka.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=69}} Waxay sifiican uga heshay Yurub, halkaas oo lagu siiyay abaalmarinta David di Donatello oo Talyaani ah iyo abaalmarinta Crystal Star abaalmarinta waxaana loo magacaabay BAFTA.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=346}} Ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay England, Monroe wuxuu qaatay 18 bilood oo nasasho ah si uu xoogga u saaro nolosha qoyska.  Iyada iyo Miller waxay waqtigooda u kala qaybiyeen NYC, Connecticut iyo Long Island.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=381–382}} Waxay yeelatay uur-ku-jirta ectopic bartamihii-1957, iyo dhicis sanad kadib;{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=392–393, 406–407}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|pp=274–277}} Monroe sidoo kale isbitaal muddo gaaban ah ayaa loo dhigay sababo la xiriira xad dhaaf xad dhaaf ah.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=321}} Maaddaama iyada iyo Greene ay xallin kari waayeen khilaafaadkooda ku saabsan MMP, Monroe wuxuu iibsaday qaybtiisa shirkadda.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=389–391}} [[File:Some_like_it_hot_film_poster.jpg|alt=Monroe, Curtis and Lemmon playing instruments with other musicians in the orchestra|left|thumb|Iyada oo ay weheliyaan Tony Curtis iyo Jack Lemmon oo ka tirsan Billy Wilder filimka ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959), taas oo ay ugu guuleysatay Golden Globe]] Monroe wuxuu ku laabtay Hollywood bishii Luulyo 1958 si uu ula jilo Jack Lemmon iyo Tony Curtis filimka majaajillada ah ee Billy Wilder, ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=325 on it being a comedy on gender}} Waxay tixgelisay doorka Sugar Kane "door kale oo caadi ah" laakiin way aqbashay sababtoo ah dhiirigelinta Miller iyo bixinta boqolkiiba toban faa'iidooyinka filimka oo ka sarreeya mushaharkeeda caadiga ah.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=325}} Soo saarista adag ee filimka ayaa tan iyo markii ay noqotay "halyeey".{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=626}} Ugu dambeyntiina, Wilder wuxuu ku faraxsanaa waxqabadka Monroe wuxuuna yiri: "Qof walba wuu xusuusan karaa khadadka, laakiin waxay u baahan tahay farshaxan dhab ah inuu la yimaado shaxda oo uusan aqoon khadkeeda isla markaana uu siiyo waxqabadka ay sameysay!".{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=406}} === 1960–1962: Hoos u dhaca shaqada iyo dhibaatooyinka shaqsiyadeed === [[File:Monroe_Montand_Let's_Make_Love.jpg|alt=Monroe and Montand standing next to a piano in a studio-type setting and looking at sheet music.|right|thumb|Yves Montand iyo Monroe oo ku jira majaajillada miyuusigga ah ee ''[[Let’s Make Love]]'' (1960), oo ay ku oggolaatay inay sameyso oo keliya inay fuliso qandaraaskeeda Fox]] Monroe waxay qaadatay nasasho kale ilaa dabayaaqadii 1959, markii ay ku jileysay majaajillada miyuusigga ah ee ''[[Let’s Make Love]]''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=71}} Waxay u dooratay George Cukor inuu jiheeyo Miller-na wuxuu dib u qoray qayb ka mid ah qoraalka, oo ay u aragtay daciif; waxay aqbashay qaybta kaliya maxaa yeelay waxay ka dambeysay qandaraaskeedii Fox.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=410–415}} Intii lagu gudajiray duubista, Monroe wuxuu xiriir gogol dhaaf ah la yeeshay Yves Montand, kaasoo saxaafada si weyn u tabisay una isticmaalay ololaha xayeysiinta filimka.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=72}} filimku ma guuleysan markii la sii daayay Sebtember 1960.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=335}} Filimkii ugu dambeeyay ee Monroe dhameeyay wuxuu ahaa ''The Misfits''.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=266}} Waxay ciyaaray haweeney dhawaan la furay oo saaxiibo la noqotay seddex gabdhood oo gaboobay, oo ay ciyaareen Clark Gable, Eli Wallach iyo Montgomery Clift.  Duubista filimka lamadegaanka Nevada intii u dhaxeysay Luulyo iyo Nofember 1960 ayaa mar kale adkaatay.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=429–430}} Guurka Monroe iyo Miller sifiican ayuu udhamaaday, wuxuuna bilaabay xiriir cusub Inge Morath.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=266}} Monroe iyo Miller ayaa kala tagay filim duubis kadib, waxayna heshay furiin reer [[Meksiko]] bishii Janaayo 1961.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=450–455}} Monroe ayaa ku xigay xidigta taxanaha telefishanka laakiin mashruuca ayaa burburay maaddaama shabakadu aysan rabin inay shaqaaleyso xulashadeeda agaasimaha, Lee Strasberg.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=453–454}} Halkii ay ka shaqeyn lahayd, waxay ku qaadatay lixdii bilood ee ugu horreysay 1961 mashquul caafimaad.  Waxay gashay qalliin loo yaqaan 'cholecystectomy' iyo qalliin loogu talagalay endometriosis, waxayna qaadatay afar toddobaad isbitaal la dhigey niyad-jabka.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=453, for a new role, 466–467 for operations, 456–464 for psychiatric hospital stays}} [[File:Cropped_version_of_Monroe_on_the_set_of_Something's_Got_to_Give.jpg|alt=Monroe wearing a form-fitting white dress with flowers and an open back. She is standing and smiling over her shoulder at the camera.|right|thumb|Monroe on set ah ''Something’ Got to Give''. Waxay ku maqneyd inta badan wax soo saarka jirro darteed waxaana shaqada ka ceyriyay Fox bishii Juun 1962, laba bilood ka hor dhimashadeeda]] Monroe waxay ku soo noqotay indhaha dadweynaha gugii 1962;  waxay heshay "Abaalmarinta Filimka Adduunka" Abaalmarinta Dahabka ah ee Dahabiga ah waxayna bilawday inay u duubto filim Fox, ''Something’ Got to Give'', dib u habeynta ''My Favorite Wife'' (1940).{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=258, for the involvement of MMP}} Monroe waxay ku xigtay filim muuqaal ah Waxyaabaha La Siinayo taas oo ay ku dhex dabbaashay barkad dabaal ah.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|p=523}}{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=74}} Bishii Juun 7, Fox waxay shaqada ka ceyrisay Monroe waxayna ku dacweysay $ 750,000 oo magdhow ah.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=75}} Waxaa lagu badalay Lee Remick, laakiin ka dib markii Martin uu diiday inuu filimka la sameeyo qof kale oo aan aheyn Monroe, Fox ayaa sidoo kale dacweysay isagana waxay xirtay wax soo saarkii.{{sfn|Spoto|2001|pp=535–536}} Istuudiyaha ayaa ku eedeeyay Monroe masiibada filimka wuxuuna bilaabay inuu faafiyo dacaayad xun oo iyada ku saabsan, xitaa isagoo ku andacoonaya inay maskaxiyan qasnayd.{{sfn|Churchwell|2004|p=75}} Waxay kale qorsheyneysay inay jileyso taariikh nololeedka Jean Harlow. Si ay u hagaajiso muuqaalkeeda guud, Monroe waxay ku hawlanayd dhowr shirkadood oo caan ah, oo ay ku jiraan wareysiyo loogu talagalay ''Life'' iyo ''[[Cosmopolitan]]'' iyo sawirkeedii ugu horreeyay ee loogu talagalay ''[[Vogue]]''.  Vogue, iyada iyo sawir qaade Bert Stern waxay iska kaashadeen laba sawir oo taxane ah, midkoodna tifaftirka moodada caadiga ah iyo mid kale oo iyada oo qaawan ah, oo lagu daabacay si heer sare ah cinwaankeedu yahay ''[[The Last Sitting]]''.{{sfn|Banner|2012|p=401}} == Dhaxalka == {{Main|Marilyn Monroe ee dhaqanka caanka ah}} [[File:Marilyn_Monroe,_Photoplay_1953.jpg|left|thumb|Monroe oo ku jirta sawirka xayeysiiska ee majaladda ''[[Photoplay]]'' ee 1953]] Sida laga soo xigtay ''The Guide to United States Popular Culture'', "sida astaanta dhaqanka caanka ah ee Maraykanka, Monroe dhowrka xafiiltamaan ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Elvis Presley]] iyo [[Mickey Mouse]] ... ma jiro xiddig kale oo waligiis dhiirigeliyay shucuur aad u ballaaran - laga bilaabo damaca ilaa naxariis, ka xaasidnimada ilaa qoomamada."{{sfn|Chapman|2001|pp=542–543}} [[Gail Levin]] wuxuu sheegay in Monroe laga yaabo inuu ahaa "qofka ugu sawirada badan qarnigii 20aad",<ref name="levin2">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/marilyn-monroe-filmmaker-interview-gail-levin/63/|title=Filmmaker interview – Gail Levin|date=July 19, 2006|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810035145/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/marilyn-monroe-filmmaker-interview-gail-levin/63/|archive-date=August 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo [[Machadka Filimada Mareykanka]] ayaa u aqoonsaday sida [[Machadka Filimada Maraykanka 100 Sano...100 Xidig|haweeneyda lixaad ee ugu weyn halyeyga shaashada taariikhda filimada Mareykanka]]. [[Machadka Smithsonian]] ayaa ku daray liiskooda "100-ka Ameerika ee ugu Muhiimsan Waqti Kasta",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonianmag/meet-100-most-significant-americans-all-time-180953341/|title=Meet the 100 Most Significant Americans of All Time|last=Frail|first=T.A.|date=November 17, 2014|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321144943/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonianmag/meet-100-most-significant-americans-all-time-180953341/|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> iyo ''[[Variety]]'' iyo [[VH1]] labaduba waxay dhigteen tobanka ugu sarreeya qiimeyntooda astaamaha dhaqanka caanka ah ee ugu caansan qarnigii labaatanaad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4344910.stm|title=Beatles Named 'Icons of Century'|date=October 16, 2005|publisher=BBC|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306201152/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4344910.stm|archive-date=March 6, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=The 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons Complete Ranked List|publisher=[[VH1]]|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html|access-date=September 10, 2015|via=[[PR Newswire]]|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511154709/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-200-greatest-pop-culture-icons-complete-ranked-list-70807437.html}}</ref> Boqolaal buug ayaa laga qoray Monroe. Waxay noqotay mawduuca filimada, riwaayadaha, operasyada, iyo heesaha, waxayna saameyn ku yeelatay fanaaniinta iyo madadaalada sida [[Andy Warhol]] iyo [[Madonna]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 12–15; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHamscha2013|Hamscha 2013]], pp. 119–129.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/16/michel-schneider-top-10-marilyn-monroe-books|title=Michel Schneider's Top 10 Books About Marilyn Monroe|last=Schneider|first=Michel|date=November 16, 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928145942/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/nov/16/michel-schneider-top-10-marilyn-monroe-books|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale weli ah calaamad qiimo leh:<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991257,00.html|title=The Blond Marilyn Monroe|date=June 14, 1999|magazine=Time|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106091538/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C991257%2C00.html|archive-date=January 6, 2016|url-status=live|last1=Rudnick|first1=Paul}}</ref> Sawirkeeda iyo magaceeda ayaa loo fasaxay boqolaal alaab, waxaana lagu soo bandhigay xayeysiinta noocyada ay ka mid yihiin [[Max Factor]], [[Chanel]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], iyo [[Absolut Vodka]].<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 33, 40.</ref><ref name="www.theguardian.com max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/09/max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe|title=Max Factor Can't Claim Credit for Marilyn Monroe|last=Churchwell|first=Sarah|date=January 9, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825013827/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/09/max-factor-cant-claim-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=August 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Caannimada joogtada Monroe waxay ku xidhan tahay muuqaalkeeda dadwaynaha ee iska soo horjeeda.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFFullerLloyd1983|Fuller & Lloyd 1983]], p. 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFMarcus2004|Marcus 2004]], pp. 17–19, 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 21–42.</ref> Waxay weli tahay astaanta galmada, astaanta quruxda iyo mid ka mid ah xiddigaha ugu caansan [[Shineemada Hollywoodka Qadiimiga|shineemada Hollywood-ka qadiimiga]] ah.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 8.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remembering-marilyn-monroe-43964747/|title=Remembering Marilyn Monroe|last=Stromberg|first=Joseph|date=August 5, 2011|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928090337/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remembering-marilyn-monroe-43964747/|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/marilyn-icon|title=Marilyn: The Icon|last=Wild|first=Mary|date=May 29, 2015|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=September 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906134813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/marilyn-icon|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxa kale oo lagu xusuustaa nolosheeda gaarka ah ee dhibka badan, caruurnimada oo aan degganayn, halgankii xushmada xirfadeed, iyo sidoo kale dhimashadeeda iyo aragtiyaha shirqoolka ee ku xeeran.<ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFFullerLloyd1983|Fuller & Lloyd 1983]], p. 309; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSteinemBarris1987|Steinem & Barris 1987]], pp. 13–15; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], p. 8.</ref> Waxaa wax ka qoray aqoonyahanno iyo suxufiyiin xiiseeya jinsiga iyo [[Dumarnimo|dumarnimada]].<ref name="Guardianfem">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/features/featurepages/0,,498050,00.html|title=Happy Birthday, Marilyn|date=May 29, 2001|work=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611194816/http://www.theguardian.com/film/features/featurepages/0,,498050,00.html|archive-date=June 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFRose2014|Rose 2014]], pp. 100–137.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFHaskell1991|Haskell 1991]], pp. 254–265.</ref><ref>"Max Factor Can't Claim Credit for Marilyn Monroe".</ref><ref>"Marilyn Monroe: Proto-feminist?".</ref><ref>"Happy Birthday, Marilyn". The Guardian.</ref><ref>[[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFSteinemBarris1987|Steinem & Barris 1987]], pp. 15–23; [[Marilyn Monroe#CITEREFChurchwell2004|Churchwell 2004]], pp. 27–28.</ref><ref>"Engineering an Icon". ''The New York Times''.</ref> [[File:James_Gill's_"Marylin_Tryptich".jpg|thumb|''Marilyn Triptych'' (1962)]] Sababtoo ah farqiga u dhexeeya xiddignimadeeda iyo nolosheeda gaarka ah ee dhibka leh, Monroe waxay si dhow ugu xidhan tahay doodaha ballaadhan ee ku saabsan ifafaalaha casriga ah sida caannimada, iyo dhaqanka macaamiisha.{{sfn|Hamscha|2013|pp=119–129}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html|title=Marilyn Monroe, the Eternal Shape Shifter|last=Banner|first=Lois|date=August 5, 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517063539/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html|archive-date=May 17, 2019|url-status=live|ref=none}}</ref> Monroe ayaa weli ah astaan dhaqameed, laakiin dhaleeceynta ayaa ku kala qaybsan dhaxalkeeda jilaa ahaan. David Thomson wuxuu ku tilmaamay shaqadeeda mid "aan la taaban karin"<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/105847/the-inscrutable-life-and-death-marilyn-monroe|title=The Inscrutable Life and Death of Marilyn Monroe|last=Thomson|first=David|author-link=David Thomson (film critic)|date=August 6, 2012|magazine=New Republic|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210190429/https://newrepublic.com/article/105847/the-inscrutable-life-and-death-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=December 10, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pauline Kael]] ayaa qortay in wax jili karin, balse ay "ay u adeegsatay xirfad la'aanteeda atariishada si ay shacabka uga maaweeliyo".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/04/reviews/mailer-marilyn.html|title=Marilyn: A Rip-Off With Genius|last=Kael|first=Pauline|author-link=Pauline Kael|date=July 22, 1973|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325182658/https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/04/reviews/mailer-marilyn.html|archive-date=March 25, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Taas bedelkeeda, [[Peter Bradshaw]] wuxuu qoray in Monroe uu ahaa majaajiliiste hibo leh oo "fahmey sida majaajilada u gaartay saameynteeda".<ref name="bradshaw">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/09/cannes-marilyn-monroe|title=Cannes and the Magic of Marilyn Monroe|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Bradshaw|date=May 9, 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923131249/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/09/cannes-marilyn-monroe|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-some-like-it-hot-1959|title=Some Like It Hot|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=January 9, 2000|publisher=Roger Ebert.com|access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725091543/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-some-like-it-hot-1959|archive-date=July 25, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/marilyn-monroes-brains/Content?oid=920660|title=Marilyn Monroe's Brains|last=Rosenbaum|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Rosenbaum|date=December 1, 2005|work=Chicago Reader|access-date=August 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905085251/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/marilyn-monroes-brains/Content?oid=920660|archive-date=September 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> == Filimada == {{Div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) * ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948) * ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948) * ''[[Love Happy]]'' (1949) * ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950) * ''[[All About Eve]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Fireball]]'' (1950) * ''[[Right Cross]]'' (1951) * ''[[Home Town Story]]'' (1951) * ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' (1951) * ''[[Love Nest]]'' (1951) * ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' (1951) * ''[[Clash by Night]]'' (1952) * ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' (1952) * ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952) * ''[[Monkey Business]]'' (1952) * ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' (1952) * ''[[Niagara]]'' (1953) * ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953) * ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) * ''[[River of No Return]]'' (1954) * ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' (1954) * ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955) * ''[[Bus Stop]]'' (1956) * ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957) * ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959) * ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' (1960) * ''[[The Misfits]]'' (1961) * ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' (1962–dhammeyn) {{Div col end}} == Xiriirinta dibedda == {{Commons category|Marilyn Monroe}} == Tixraacyo == <references /> 4hjkejvehct9hn8xhlz9razy5df41tb 0 36928 302372 300211 2026-07-14T20:39:05Z ~2026-39823-55 46509 Changes are made 302372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', country sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi-galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | recognized_languages = [[Carabi]] | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[British Somaliland]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Italian Somaliland]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $32.500 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 151aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,920<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $12.990 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 147aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $766<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177aad | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Somali shilling]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Italian Somaliland iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP per capita iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya South Sudan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale , oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed , ayaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa in uu yahay halka ay ka soo jeedaan magaca Soomaali . Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada soo iyo maal , kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macneheedu yahay " tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan tag iyo caano xagga caanaha geela, Soomaalida koonfureed waxay adeegsadaan tarjumaada "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Etymology kale oo macquul ah ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid ereyga Carabiga ee "hodanka ah" ( zāwamāl ), isagoo mar kale tilmaamaya hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka yimid Masar hore oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus . Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masar, iyadoo Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad ee CE ayaa tilmaamaya waqooyiga xeebaha Soomaaliya - oo markaa ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi Bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria , iyada oo la tixraacayo dadka deggan Barbars ( Kushitic ) ee degaanka - sida Po-pa-li . Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee Soomaalidii sobriquet waxay soo bilaabatay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad ee miilaadiyada xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I oo lahaa mid ka mid ah saraakiishii maxkamadaha oo tiriyay hees uu ugu dabbaaldegayo guushii milateri ee ay ka gaareen Saldanada Ifat . Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa Harari qadiimiga ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si xad dhaaf ah u door bidaan shaydaanka Soomaaliga oo ka door bida qofka Soomaaliga ah ee aan saxda ahayn mar haddii kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay hal-ku-dhegyo laba-jibbaaran ah. Erayga af - soomaaliga marka laga yimaaddo juqraafi-siyaasadeed waa Horner oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda, waa Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Cape Guardafui. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II , lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman , ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash ). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Sultanate-ka , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Merca , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Somali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Abyssinia (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, British Somaliland waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Somali (HDMS) iyo Somali National League (SNL) — in Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay French Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii British Somaliland protectorate waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), United Somali Congress (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Somali Manifesto Group (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda KMG ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. [ 191 ] January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Somalia ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Operation Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Roadmap-ka Dhammaadka Ku-meel-gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi-socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Khaatumo State of Somalia oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.png|thumb|Odoroska afafka ee Soomaaliya]] Soomaaliya waxaa ka xiga Kenya dhanka koonfur galbeed, waqooyi gacanka cadmeed , kanaalka Guardafui iyo badweynta Hindiya bari, galbeedna Itoobiya. Dalku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay Jabuuti . Waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 2°S iyo 12°N , iyo longitudes 41° iyo 52°E . Istaraatiijiyad ahaan waxay ku taal afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee laga soo galo Badda Cas iyo kanaalka Suweys , waddanku wuxuu ku yaal cirifka gobol, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay u ekaanshaheeda khariidadda geeska wiyisha , oo badanaa loogu yeero Geeska Afrika. ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Somalia iyo Somali Ecological Society, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku jira naasley kala duwan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kala duwanaanshiyaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta weli dhacaya waxaa ka mid ah Haramcadka , libaaxa ,geriga xiiran , baboon , serval , maroodi , bushpig , cawska , lawska , kudu , dik-dik , oribi , dabada duurjoogta somaliyeed , reedbuck iyo zebra , maroodi shrew , dhagaxa dhagaxa ah . Waxa kale oo ay leedahay dad aad u tiro badan oo geel-jiif ah . Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah kuwan waa cudur, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama shil. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee sida gaarka ah looga helo dalka waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida ; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark ka yar; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi , Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Dhul-badeedka Soomaaliya ayaa ah goobaha ugu horreeya ee kalluumeysiga ee noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoof qaarad oo cidhiidhi ah laakiin wax soo saar leh ayaa ka kooban dhawr nooc oo kalluun -demersal ah iyo nooc qolof ah . Noocyada kalluunka laga helo si gaar ah qaranka waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli ( Cirrhitidae ), Symphurus fuscus ( Cynoglossidae ), Parapercis simulata OC ( Pinguipedidae ), Cociella somaliensis OC ( Platycephalidae ), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus ( Pseudochromis ). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Kuwaas, ku dhawaad ​​kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes , Maska Garter-ka ee Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan ( Platyceps messanai ), mas diadem ( Spalerosophis josephscorteccii ), ciidda ciidda Soomaaliyeed , Qorraxda Gooryaanka xaglaha leh , Qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, Macmacaanka Laaluushka ah ee Laaluushka ah ( dyfani'ssty' Lizard ) gecko ( Hemidactylus granchii ), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore , iyo qorratada ciidda ( Mesalina ama Eremias ). Mas colubrid ( Aprosdoketophis andreonei ) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer ( Hackgreerius miopus ) waa noocyo cidhiidhi ah. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud-ldn2.jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = AU delegation meets Somalia Prime Minister to discuss support and collaboration (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai 's Lootah Group, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 ft) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada , biyaha macdanta , macmacaanka , bacaha , dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta , aluminium , furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo , doonyo kalluumeysi , oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuranium , iron ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta uranium-ka. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is-dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( tele-density ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Golis Telecom Group , Hormuud Telecom , Somafone , Nationlink , Netco , Telcom iyo Somali Telecom Group . Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Universal TV . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Sports oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garowe Online , Wardheernews, iyo Puntland Post . Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada Emirates bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Sweden , Canada , Norway , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark , Finland , Australia , Switzerland , Austria , Italy , iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo CIA World Factbook . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005-2010 est.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga , qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada , Canfarta iyo Saho . Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af- Soomaaligu waxay u qaybsamaan saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi , Banaadir iyo Maayga . Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir , laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Standard Somali. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle ( Raxanweyn ) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Dhowr hab oo qoraal ah ayaa sannadihii la soo dhaafay la isticmaalayey si loo qoro afka Soomaaliga. Farta Soomaaliga ayaa ah tan ugu isticmaalka badan, waana farta rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya laga isticmaalo tan iyo markii Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka ay si rasmi ah u hirgeliyeen bishii Oktoobar 1972. Qoraallada kale ee qarniyo badan loo adeegsan jiray qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah far Carabi oo muddo dheer soo jirtay iyo qorista Wadaad . Nidaamyada qoraalka wadaniga ah ee la sameeyay qarnigii 20aad waxaa ka mid ah farta Cismaanya , Boorama iyo Kaddare . Af-soomaaliga ka sokow, Carabigu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee qaranka Soomaaliya. Ku dhawaad ​​2 milyan oo Soomaali ah ayaa ku hadla Dunida Carabta, saameynta baahsan ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta. Ingriiska si weyn baa loogu hadlaa waana la baraa. Waxa ay ahaan jirtay af maamul oo ka tirsan maxmiyadda British Somaliland oo ay sabab u tahay caalamiyaynta ayaa sidoo kale caan ka ah Soomaaliya oo dhan. Ingiriisigu waa barta wax lagu baro jaamacado badan oo ku yaal Soomaaliya, waana mid ka mid ah luuqadaha shaqo ee aasaasiga ah ee NGO-yada waaweyn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. Talyaanigu waxa uu ahaa luqad rasmi ah oo ku taal Somaliland Talyaanigii iyo xilligii wakiilnimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisu aad buu u yaraaday xorriyadda ka dib. Hadda waxa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dawladda, iyo goobaha aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Sawaaxiliga Bantu ee ay ku hadlaan xeebta dadka Bravanese , iyo sidoo kale Kibajuni , oo ah lahjad sawaaxili ah oo ah luqadda hooyo ee qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee Bajuni . ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah ( zawiya ) ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee British Somaliland protectorate . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl-wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland University of Technology iyo Burco University . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Canadian-ka ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada': nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Bandy World Championship 2014 . Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren . [ 364 ] Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations. Somaliland Parade"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab. Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia. Anadolu Agency"] * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"] * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Dinfin Mulupi. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C "I. M. Lewis & Said Samatar (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=kREOAQAAMAAJ "Anita Suleiman (1991). Somali studies: early history"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C "J.D. Fage (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3"] * [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000unse_j3c5/page/105 "Peter Robertshaw (1990). A History of African Archaeology"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=lRDYAW4wXOYC "D. W. Phillipson (2005). African Archaeology"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C "Eric Delson (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory"] * [https://books.google.com/books? id=x6o4XLIKN0UC "Michael D. Petraglia (2009). The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC "Roshen Dalal (2011). The Illustrated Timeline of the History of the World"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC "Phillip Briggs (2012). Somaliland"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ "Encyclopedia Americana (1965). Volume 25"] [https://archive.org/details/peoplesofthehorn007763mbp "I. M. Lewis (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa"] * [https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr03porygoog#page/n180/mode/2up "Leo Africanus (1526). The History and Description of Africa"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC "Ioan M. Lewis (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ "M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 "I. M. Lewis (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] "Enrico Cerulli (1957). Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=DNHvb6nSN-AC&pg=PA79 "Edward A. Alpers (2009). East Africa and the Indian Ocean"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=S3oyoVIIlMQC&pg=PA22 "Nigel Harris (2003). The Return of Cosmopolitan Capital"] "Aleksi Ylönen (2023). The Horn Engaging the Gulf. Bloomsbury" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ "S. M. Yasir Arafat (2024). Suicidal Behavior in Muslim Majority Countries"] "Truhart, P. (1984). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states. p. 72" "I. M. Lewis. A pastoral democracy (1999), p. 157." "Genealogies of the Somal (1896). Eyre and Spottiswoode (London)" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=pGkMAQAAIAAJ "Roland Anthony Oliver. History of East Africa, Volume 2 (1976)"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=iMRf1RZ9zkAC "Roland Anthony (2007). Somalia in Pictures"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=cereWkyNJckC "Kwame Anthony Appiah & Henry Louis Gates (2003). Africana"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ "Paolo Tripodi (1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia"] "Christopher L. Daniels (2012). Somali Piracy and Terrorism in the Horn of Africa" "Mohamed Adan Sheikh (1991). Arrivederci a Mogadiscio" "Kaplan Irving (1977). Area Handbook for Somalia. Volume 550" "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia. ABC-CLIO" "Muuse Yuusuf (2022). The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia" * [https://afjn.org/somalia-mourns-a-golden-era-as-crisis-worsens/ "Somalia Mourns a 'Golden Era' as Crisis Worsens. Africa Faith and Justice Network"] * [http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/153/26334.html "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia. Global Policy Forum"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=558 "Somalia President, Parliament Speaker dispute over TFG term. Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=98–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> e0h58zjljtcco39l983rgbtkzbfzbr1 302373 302372 2026-07-14T21:50:20Z A09 27259 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-39823-55|~2026-39823-55]] ([[User talk:~2026-39823-55|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] 300211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi-galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Show globe|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Show map of Somalia|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | recognized_languages = [[Carabi]] | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[British Somaliland]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Italian Somaliland]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects |edition=online |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $32.500 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 151aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,920<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $12.990 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 147aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $766<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177aad | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Somali shilling]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Italian Somaliland iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|British Somaliland]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP per capita iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya South Sudan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale , oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed , ayaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa in uu yahay halka ay ka soo jeedaan magaca Soomaali . Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada soo iyo maal , kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macneheedu yahay " tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan tag iyo caano xagga caanaha geela, Soomaalida koonfureed waxay adeegsadaan tarjumaada "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Etymology kale oo macquul ah ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid ereyga Carabiga ee "hodanka ah" ( zāwamāl ), isagoo mar kale tilmaamaya hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka yimid Masar hore oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus . Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masar, iyadoo Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad ee CE ayaa tilmaamaya waqooyiga xeebaha Soomaaliya - oo markaa ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi Bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria , iyada oo la tixraacayo dadka deggan Barbars ( Kushitic ) ee degaanka - sida Po-pa-li . Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee Soomaalidii sobriquet waxay soo bilaabatay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad ee miilaadiyada xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I oo lahaa mid ka mid ah saraakiishii maxkamadaha oo tiriyay hees uu ugu dabbaaldegayo guushii milateri ee ay ka gaareen Saldanada Ifat . Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa Harari qadiimiga ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si xad dhaaf ah u door bidaan shaydaanka Soomaaliga oo ka door bida qofka Soomaaliga ah ee aan saxda ahayn mar haddii kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay hal-ku-dhegyo laba-jibbaaran ah. Erayga af - soomaaliga marka laga yimaaddo juqraafi-siyaasadeed waa Horner oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda, waa Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Cape Guardafui. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II , lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman , ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash ). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Sultanate-ka , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Merca , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Somali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Abyssinia (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, British Somaliland waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Somali (HDMS) iyo Somali National League (SNL) — in Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay French Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii British Somaliland protectorate waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), United Somali Congress (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Somali Manifesto Group (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda KMG ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. [ 191 ] January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Somalia ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Operation Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Roadmap-ka Dhammaadka Ku-meel-gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi-socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Khaatumo State of Somalia oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.png|thumb|Odoroska afafka ee Soomaaliya]] Soomaaliya waxaa ka xiga Kenya dhanka koonfur galbeed, waqooyi gacanka cadmeed , kanaalka Guardafui iyo badweynta Hindiya bari, galbeedna Itoobiya. Dalku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay Jabuuti . Waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 2°S iyo 12°N , iyo longitudes 41° iyo 52°E . Istaraatiijiyad ahaan waxay ku taal afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee laga soo galo Badda Cas iyo kanaalka Suweys , waddanku wuxuu ku yaal cirifka gobol, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay u ekaanshaheeda khariidadda geeska wiyisha , oo badanaa loogu yeero Geeska Afrika. ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Somalia iyo Somali Ecological Society, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku jira naasley kala duwan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kala duwanaanshiyaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta weli dhacaya waxaa ka mid ah Haramcadka , libaaxa ,geriga xiiran , baboon , serval , maroodi , bushpig , cawska , lawska , kudu , dik-dik , oribi , dabada duurjoogta somaliyeed , reedbuck iyo zebra , maroodi shrew , dhagaxa dhagaxa ah . Waxa kale oo ay leedahay dad aad u tiro badan oo geel-jiif ah . Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah kuwan waa cudur, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama shil. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee sida gaarka ah looga helo dalka waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida ; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark ka yar; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi , Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Dhul-badeedka Soomaaliya ayaa ah goobaha ugu horreeya ee kalluumeysiga ee noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoof qaarad oo cidhiidhi ah laakiin wax soo saar leh ayaa ka kooban dhawr nooc oo kalluun -demersal ah iyo nooc qolof ah . Noocyada kalluunka laga helo si gaar ah qaranka waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli ( Cirrhitidae ), Symphurus fuscus ( Cynoglossidae ), Parapercis simulata OC ( Pinguipedidae ), Cociella somaliensis OC ( Platycephalidae ), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus ( Pseudochromis ). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Kuwaas, ku dhawaad ​​kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes , Maska Garter-ka ee Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan ( Platyceps messanai ), mas diadem ( Spalerosophis josephscorteccii ), ciidda ciidda Soomaaliyeed , Qorraxda Gooryaanka xaglaha leh , Qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, Macmacaanka Laaluushka ah ee Laaluushka ah ( dyfani'ssty' Lizard ) gecko ( Hemidactylus granchii ), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore , iyo qorratada ciidda ( Mesalina ama Eremias ). Mas colubrid ( Aprosdoketophis andreonei ) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer ( Hackgreerius miopus ) waa noocyo cidhiidhi ah. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud-ldn2.jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = AU delegation meets Somalia Prime Minister to discuss support and collaboration (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai 's Lootah Group, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 ft) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada , biyaha macdanta , macmacaanka , bacaha , dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta , aluminium , furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo , doonyo kalluumeysi , oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuranium , iron ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta uranium-ka. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is-dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( tele-density ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Golis Telecom Group , Hormuud Telecom , Somafone , Nationlink , Netco , Telcom iyo Somali Telecom Group . Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Universal TV . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Sports oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garowe Online , Wardheernews, iyo Puntland Post . Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada Emirates bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Sweden , Canada , Norway , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark , Finland , Australia , Switzerland , Austria , Italy , iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo CIA World Factbook . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005-2010 est.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga , qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada , Canfarta iyo Saho . Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af- Soomaaligu waxay u qaybsamaan saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi , Banaadir iyo Maayga . Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir , laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Standard Somali. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle ( Raxanweyn ) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Dhowr hab oo qoraal ah ayaa sannadihii la soo dhaafay la isticmaalayey si loo qoro afka Soomaaliga. Farta Soomaaliga ayaa ah tan ugu isticmaalka badan, waana farta rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya laga isticmaalo tan iyo markii Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka ay si rasmi ah u hirgeliyeen bishii Oktoobar 1972. Qoraallada kale ee qarniyo badan loo adeegsan jiray qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah far Carabi oo muddo dheer soo jirtay iyo qorista Wadaad . Nidaamyada qoraalka wadaniga ah ee la sameeyay qarnigii 20aad waxaa ka mid ah farta Cismaanya , Boorama iyo Kaddare . Af-soomaaliga ka sokow, Carabigu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee qaranka Soomaaliya. Ku dhawaad ​​2 milyan oo Soomaali ah ayaa ku hadla Dunida Carabta, saameynta baahsan ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta. Ingriiska si weyn baa loogu hadlaa waana la baraa. Waxa ay ahaan jirtay af maamul oo ka tirsan maxmiyadda British Somaliland oo ay sabab u tahay caalamiyaynta ayaa sidoo kale caan ka ah Soomaaliya oo dhan. Ingiriisigu waa barta wax lagu baro jaamacado badan oo ku yaal Soomaaliya, waana mid ka mid ah luuqadaha shaqo ee aasaasiga ah ee NGO-yada waaweyn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. Talyaanigu waxa uu ahaa luqad rasmi ah oo ku taal Somaliland Talyaanigii iyo xilligii wakiilnimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisu aad buu u yaraaday xorriyadda ka dib. Hadda waxa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dawladda, iyo goobaha aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Sawaaxiliga Bantu ee ay ku hadlaan xeebta dadka Bravanese , iyo sidoo kale Kibajuni , oo ah lahjad sawaaxili ah oo ah luqadda hooyo ee qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee Bajuni . ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah ( zawiya ) ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee British Somaliland protectorate . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl-wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland University of Technology iyo Burco University . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Canadian-ka ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada, Abwaanada': nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Bandy World Championship 2014 . Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren . [ 364 ] Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations. Somaliland Parade"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab. Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia. Anadolu Agency"] * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"] * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Dinfin Mulupi. Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] [https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698394.001.0001 "James Ker-Lindsay (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Lionel Casson (1984). Ancient Trade and Society"] "Jorge Alejandro Suárez. Geopolítica de lo Desconocido: Una visión diferente de la Política International" "Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C "Lidwien Kapteijns (2012). Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=D97AEAAAQBAJ "Joana Cook (2023). The Rule Is For None But Allah. Oxford University Press"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC "Ali Jimale Ahmed (1995). The Invention of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C "I. M. Lewis & Said Samatar (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=kREOAQAAMAAJ "Anita Suleiman (1991). Somali studies: early history"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C "J.D. Fage (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3"] * [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican0000unse_j3c5/page/105 "Peter Robertshaw (1990). A History of African Archaeology"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=lRDYAW4wXOYC "D. W. Phillipson (2005). African Archaeology"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C "Eric Delson (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory"] * [https://books.google.com/books? id=x6o4XLIKN0UC "Michael D. Petraglia (2009). The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC "Roshen Dalal (2011). The Illustrated Timeline of the History of the World"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC "Phillip Briggs (2012). Somaliland"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ "Encyclopedia Americana (1965). Volume 25"] [https://archive.org/details/peoplesofthehorn007763mbp "I. M. Lewis (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa"] * [https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr03porygoog#page/n180/mode/2up "Leo Africanus (1526). The History and Description of Africa"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC "Ioan M. Lewis (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ "M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 "I. M. Lewis (1999). A Pastoral Democracy"] "Enrico Cerulli (1957). Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=DNHvb6nSN-AC&pg=PA79 "Edward A. Alpers (2009). East Africa and the Indian Ocean"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=S3oyoVIIlMQC&pg=PA22 "Nigel Harris (2003). The Return of Cosmopolitan Capital"] "Aleksi Ylönen (2023). The Horn Engaging the Gulf. Bloomsbury" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ "S. M. Yasir Arafat (2024). Suicidal Behavior in Muslim Majority Countries"] "Truhart, P. (1984). Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states. p. 72" "I. M. Lewis. A pastoral democracy (1999), p. 157." "Genealogies of the Somal (1896). Eyre and Spottiswoode (London)" * [https://books.google.com/books?id=pGkMAQAAIAAJ "Roland Anthony Oliver. History of East Africa, Volume 2 (1976)"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=iMRf1RZ9zkAC "Roland Anthony (2007). Somalia in Pictures"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=cereWkyNJckC "Kwame Anthony Appiah & Henry Louis Gates (2003). Africana"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ "Paolo Tripodi (1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia"] "Christopher L. Daniels (2012). Somali Piracy and Terrorism in the Horn of Africa" "Mohamed Adan Sheikh (1991). Arrivederci a Mogadiscio" "Kaplan Irving (1977). Area Handbook for Somalia. Volume 550" "Raphael Chijioke Njoku (2013). The History of Somalia. ABC-CLIO" "Muuse Yuusuf (2022). The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia" * [https://afjn.org/somalia-mourns-a-golden-era-as-crisis-worsens/ "Somalia Mourns a 'Golden Era' as Crisis Worsens. Africa Faith and Justice Network"] * [http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/153/26334.html "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia. Global Policy Forum"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=558 "Somalia President, Parliament Speaker dispute over TFG term. Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} * [http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true "Somalia's government launches postal service - BBC News"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103224919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29606447?print=true |date=20220103224919 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 "New tourism ministry under construction in Garowe - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042703/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2012/11/01/newsbrief-06 |date=20160304042703 }} * [http://somta.so/ "Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA)"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123131425/http://somta.so/ |date=20190123131425 }} * [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 "South West State to renovate Government Hotels - Goobjoog"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411145528/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=12161 |date=20230411145528 }} * [https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/ "Travel Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * [http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm "Somalia – Education Overview - WES"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511075522/http://www.wes.org/ca/wedb/somalia/soedov.htm |date=20110511075522 }} * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html "The State Of The World's Midwifery - UNFPA"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184853/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |date=20120120184853 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=98–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia - Britannica"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * [https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "De Facto States Unbound – PONARS Eurasia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ |date=20221014163003 }} * {{cite book |last1=Ker-Lindsay |first1=James |title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-969839-4 |pages=58–59}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ "Ancient Trade and Society - Lionel Casson"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> tsk5i71e2jv8w72cxnf5b8oo3cjbs9l 0 39797 302364 302228 2026-07-14T16:36:35Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 /* Clan tree */ 302364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 9xhngbuuars90d6pr9phar6jvebd7hq 302377 302364 2026-07-15T07:28:04Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 /* Clan tree */ 302377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Jama Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} bzzsrpccf3ubnfrzng64gvcrefuukxn 0 46520 302499 293455 2026-07-15T11:17:00Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] ilaa [[Cali Geedi]] 293455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = Cali Maxamed Geedi علي محمد جيدي | image = Ali Mohamed Gedi.jpg | imagesize = 160px | order = Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 4aad ee [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] | term_start = 1 Noofembar 2004 | term_end = 29 Oktoobar 2007 | deputy = | predecessor = [[Maxamed Yuusuf Dheeliye]] | successor = [[Saalim Caliyoow Ibroow]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|2|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Jowhar]], [[Dhulka Amaanada ee Soomaaliya]]<br />(hadda [[Soomaaliya]]) | nationality = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Fadumo Hassan Ali | party = [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah|TFG]] | relations = | children = 4 | residence = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Muqdisho]] | occupation = [[Siyaasi]] | profession = | signature = | footnotes = }} ​'''Ali Mohammed Ghedi''' ({{langx|so|Cali Maxamed Geeddi}}, {{langx|ar|علي محمد جيدي}}) (dhashay 2 Oktoobar 1952), oo loo yaqaanno '''Cali Geedi''',<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_hyDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Ali+Ghedi%22&pg=PA143 | title=Environmental Politics in the Middle East| isbn=9780190916688| last1=Verhoeven| first1=Harry| date=November 2018}}</ref> waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo soo noqday [[Ra'iisul Wasaare|Ra'iisul Wasaaraha]] [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG) intii u dhaxaysay 2004 ilaa 2007. ​Isaga oo ahaa aqoonyahan hore iyo dhakhtar cilmiga xoolaha oo fadhigiisu ahaa [[Addis Ababa]], Geedi wuxuu ahaa shakhsi aan si weyn loo aqoon ka hor magacaabistiisii Noofembar 2004,<ref name="BBC-PROFILE">{{cite news |date=2004-11-04 |title=Profile: Ali Mohamed Ghedi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3982643.stm |access-date=2006-01-29 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> taas oo ka dhalatay olole xooggan oo ay samaysay dawladda Itoobiya. Geedi oo si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid [[Musuqmaasuq|musuqmaasuq]] leh uuna caqabad ku ahaa dib u heshiisiinta, wuxuu iscasilay Oktoobar 2007, waxaana booskiisii ra'iisul wasaarenimo lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-07 |title=Fractured TFG undermines security prospects - Somalia |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-fractured-tfg-undermines-security-prospects-07-apr-2008 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[Oxford Analytica]] |language=en |quote=The November 2007 replacement of former Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Gedi with Nur 'Adde' Hassan Hussein raised hopes for a political breakthrough in Somalia. Gedi was universally viewed as corrupt and a major obstacle to efforts at reconciliation.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ​ ==Noloshiisii hore== Cali Maxamed Geedi wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya sannadkii 1952-kii. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa beesha [[Abgaal]] ee [[Hawiye]]. Geedi waxaa soo korisay ayeeyadiis dhinaca aabbaha, markii dambena hooyadiis-labaad. Geedi aabbihii wuxuu ahaa sarkaal milatari, sannadkii 1978-kiina wuxuu ku biiray [[Hoggaanka Nabadsugidda Qaranka (Soomaaliya)|Nabadsugidda Qaranka (NSS)]] xilligii xukunka [[Siyaad Barre]] isaga oo haystay darajada Kolonel. Geedi waxaa qoratay NSS-ta xilligii uu ku jiray dugsiga sare iyo jaamacadda, isaga oo loo xilsaaray inuu kormeero uuna soo sheego ardayda ay isku fasalka yihiin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Tesfamariam |first=Sophia |date=28 December 2006 |title=Ali Mohammed Ghedi - Meles Zenawi's Stooge and Somalia's Traitor |url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211081746/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |archive-date=11 Feb 2007 |website=American Chronicle}}</ref> ​Wuxuu waxbarashadiisii u aaday [[Jaamacadda Pisa]], isaga oo ka qalin-jabiyay 1978-kii, ka dibna waxaa macallin kaaliye ah uga shaqaalaysiisay [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1980 ilaa 1983, wuxuu waxbarashada heerka sare ku qaatay Jaamacadda Pisa, isaga oo helay Shahaadada Dhakhtarnimo (Doctorate) ee Cilmiga Cudurrada Xoolaha iyo Qalliinka. Wuxuu dib ugu soo laabtay waxbaridda sannadkii 1983-kii isaga oo ahaa bare sare uuna madax ka ahaa waaxdaas ilaa 1990-kii. ​ == Shaqada Siyaasadda == ​Markii uu dillaacay [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]], Geedi wuxuu u shaqaynayay hoggaamiye kooxeedka [[Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] ee ururkii [[Jabhadda Caddaynta Soomaaliyeed|United Somali Congress]] (USC). Wuxuu ahaa Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Difaaca ee Cali Mahdi intii lagu jiray dagaalladii qallafsanaa ee ka dhacay Muqdisho horraantii 1990-aadkii.<ref name=":2" /> Guud ahaan, Geedi looma aqoonin dhinaca siyaasadda ilaa laga magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha TFG intii lagu jiray 2004.<ref name="BBC-PROFILE" /> Sida ay sheegtay [[Sophia Tesfamariam Yohannes]], Geedi waxaa loo shaqaalaysiiyay sidii basaas u shaqeeya dawladda Itoobiya intii lagu jiray 1990-aadkii waxaana la siin jiray mushahar bishii. Wuxuu aqoon u lahaa madaxda [[Jabhadda Xoraynta Shacabka Tigray|Tigray Peoples Liberation Front]] (TPLF) maadaama aabbihii uu ahaa xiriiriyaha NSS-ta ee iyaga.<ref name=":2" /> ​ === Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah=== [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] ayaa Cali Maxamed Geedi u magacaabay Ra'iisul Wasaarihiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 11-kii Disembar 2004, baarlamaanka ayaa u codeeyay [[Mooshin|codka kalsooni kala noqoshada]] dawladda Geedi, iyaga oo ku dhawaaqay in magacaabistiisu ay tahay mid ka hor imanaysa dastuurka. In kasta oo ay taasi jirtay, Yuusuf wuxuu dib u magacaabay Geedi laba maalmood ka dib, inkasta oo ilaa dhammaadkii sannadka uusan Geedi dib u dhisin golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2005 |title=New government brings hope to war-ravaged country |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/52586/somalia-new-government-brings-hope-war-ravaged-country-yearender |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Ioan Lewis|I.M. Lewis]], doorashadii Yuusuf ee madaxweynenimada iyo magacaabistiisii Geedi, oo xiriir la lahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya [[Meles Zenawi]], waxaa si weyn u saameeyay Itoobiya. Xiriirradan ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaatay [[Dagaalkii Soomaaliya (2006–2009)|duulaankii Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya]] sannadkii 2006-dii.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=I.M. |author-link=Ioan Lewis |date=16 April 2007 |title=Ethiopia's Invasion of Somalia |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820013812/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |archive-date=20 August 2007 |work=[[Garowe Online]] |quote=}}</ref> Wargeyska [[The New York Times|New York Times]] ayaa sheegay in, "Geedi kor u kiciisa awoodda ay dhab ahaantii ahayd wax ay Itoobiya abuurtay." Mas'uuliyiinta Itoobiya ayaa olole xooggan u galay inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Gettleman |first=Jeffrey |date=30 October 2007 |title=Somalia Premier Quits as Colleagues Cheer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/africa/30somalia.html |work=[[New York Times]] |quote=Mr. Gedi’s rise to power was essentially an Ethiopian creation. He spent much of his veterinary career at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. In 2004, Somalia’s transitional Parliament chose him as prime minister after heavy lobbying by Ethiopian officials, who portrayed him as a gifted technocrat.}}</ref> ​Bishii Maarso 2005, dood ku saabsanayd keenista ciidamo ajnabi ah, oo ay ku jiraan ciidamada Itoobiya, oo la keeno Soomaaliya ayaa horseeday rabshado ka dib markii qaraarkii la diiday iyadoo ay u codeeyeen 156 halka 55 ay oggolaadeen. Dagaal gacan ka hadal ah ayaa waxaa bilaabay qaar ka mid ah dadkii ka soo horjeeday natiijada, taas oo dhaawacday dhowr xildhibaan, codkiina waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu waxba kama jira yahay ka dib. Isaga oo ku adkaysanaya in la keeno ciidamo ajnabi ah oo ka socda dalalka deriska la ah Soomaaliya, Cali Geedi iyo Yuusuf waxay iska indho-tireen aragtida golihiisa wasiirada, aqlabiyadda cad ee baarlamaanka kumeelgaarka ah, iyo inta badan shacabka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2005 |title=MPs wounded as fighting breaks out during peacekeeping debate |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/53473/somalia-mps-wounded-fighting-breaks-out-during-peacekeeping-debate |work=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2005-03-18 |title=Somali leaders regroup after Parliament brawl |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-03-18-somali-leaders-regroup-after-parliament-brawl/?amp |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[The Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ​Intii lagu jiray Juun 2005, TFG-du waxay markii ugu horraysay u soo guurtay gudaha Soomaaliya waxayna ballanqaadday inay dalka oo dhan ka hirgeliso maamulkeeda. Beddelkeeda waxay si dhakhso ah ugu dhammaatay is-maandhaaf dhexdeeda ah, waxaana soo baxay kala qaybsanaan gudaha ah oo halis ah. Laguma heshiin waayay goobtii ay dawladdu fadhiisan lahayd. 100 xubnood oo ka tirsan baarlamaanka oo ka kooban 275 - oo uu hoggaaminayo Guddoomiyaha [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] - ayaa doortay inay u guuraan [[Muqdisho]], iyaga oo sheegay inay isku dayi doonaan inay xasilloonida dib ugu soo celiyaan caasimadda. Dhinaca kale Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf, Ra'iisul Wasaare Cali Geedi iyo taageerayaashooda waxay xarun ka samaysteen [[Jowhar]], oo 90 km waqooyi ka xigta Muqdisho, iyaga oo sabab uga dhigay amni-darrada caasimadda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2006-01-16 |title=Somalia: Year in Review 2005 - Still waiting for change |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-year-review-2005-still-waiting-change |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> ​ === Duulaankii Itoobiya iyo kacdoonkii=== Bishii Maarso 2006, dagaal ayaa ka dillaacay hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii [[Isbahaysiga Soo-celinta Nabadda iyo La-dagaallanka Argagixisada]] (ARPCT) iyo [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] (ICU) oo ku saabsan gacan ku haynta Muqdisho, kaas oo sii xoogaystay bishii Maajo. Ra'iisul Wasaaruhu wuxuu ka dalbaday hoggaamiye kooxeedyada, oo afar ka mid ahi ay ka tirsanaayeen dawladda TFG,<ref name="WARLORDS-BATTLE">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4836494.stm |title=Somali warlords battle Islamists |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2006-03-23 |access-date=2007-01-29}}</ref> inay joojiyaan dagaalka ay kula jiraan ICU-da, laakiin amarkaas waa la iska indho-tiray dhamaantiis, sidaas darteed Geedi wuxuu ka eryay Baarlamaanka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Wasiirkii Nabadsugidda Qaranka [[Maxamed Afrax Qanyare]], Wasiirkii Ganacsiga [[Muuse Suudi Yalaxow]], Wasiirkii Dhaqan-celinta Maleeshiyada [[Ciise Bootaan Caalin]] iyo Wasiirkii Arrimaha Diinta [[Cumar Maxamuud Finnish]].<ref name="FIRES-MINISTERS">{{cite news |title=Islamic militia ends 15 year Somali warlords' rule |url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |publisher=[[IslamOnline.net]] and news agencies |date=2006-06-05 |access-date=2007-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318113824/http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |archive-date=2007-03-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 13-kii Agoosto 2006, Geedi wuxuu dib u habeeyay golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XUKUUMADDA CUSUB EE PROF. GEEDI OO MAANTA LAGU HOR DHAARINAYO GOLAHA BAARLAMAANKA |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2006/aug/wararka_maanta13.html |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> ​Geedi wuxuu fagaarayaasha ka sheegay in 8,000 oo dagaalyahanno ajnabi ah ay u dagaallamayeen ICU ka hor duulaankii Itoobiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cawthorne |first=Andrew |date=2006-12-25 |title=Somali PM says 8,000 foreign fighters with Islamists |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/interview-somali-pm-says-8000-foreign-fighters-islamists |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray Disembar 2006, ciidamada Itoobiya iyo TFG-da waxay [[dhicitaankii Muqdisho|soo galeen Muqdisho]]. 1-dii Janaayo 2007, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay "Xilligii hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ee Muqdisho hadda waa dhammaaday."<ref name="SOMALI-PRIME-MINISTER-ORDERS-COMPLETE-DISARMAMENT">[http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/somali-prime-minister-orders-complete-disarmament/2007/01/02/1167500070792.html Somali prime minister orders complete disarmament] [[Associated Press]]</ref> Tallaabooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Geedi waxaa ka mid ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqay [[xeerka degdegga ah]] muddo saddex bilood ah, isagoo ku baaqay [[hub ka dhigista Soomaaliya|hub ka dhigista maleeshiyooyinka]], iyo magacaabista [[Garsoorka Soomaaliya|garsoorayaal cusub]].<ref name="SOMALIA-JUDGES-SWORN-IN-THE-CAPITAL">{{cite news |title = Somalia: Judges sworn in the capital |url = http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |publisher = SomaliNet |date = 2007-01-04 |access-date = 2007-01-15 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070117031022/http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |archive-date = 2007-01-17 }}</ref> Amarradii la soo saaray, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen mamnuucista isu-imaatinka dadweynaha, isku dayada abaabulka ololayaasha siyaasadeed iyo hay'adaha warbaahinta ee waaweyn, waxaa xoog ku fuliyay ciidamada Itoobiya. Isbaarooyinkii maleeshiyooyinka hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ayaa bilaabay inay dib uga soo muuqdaan waddooyinka Muqdisho, amni-darradiina waxay mar kale bilowday inay ku soo laabato magaalada.<ref name="Samatar-2007a">{{Cite web |last=Samatar |first=Abdi Ismail |date=2007-02-14 |title=Somalia: Warlordism, Ethiopian Invasion, Dictatorship and US's Role |url=https://sudantribune.com/article20646/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Geedi wuxuu ahaa bartilmaameedka isku day dil.<ref name="ATTACK-ON-HOME"> {{cite news |date=2004-06-04 |title=Profile: Somali PM survives attack on home |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420100646/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |archive-date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2006-06-04 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}} </ref> ​ === Musuqmaasuqa iyo iscasilaadda=== Geedi waxaa si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid musuqmaasuq leh, waxaana lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]] isaga oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare dabayaaqadii 2007.<ref name=":12" /> Mid ka mid ah murannada waaweyn ee soo dedejiyay iscasilaadiisa wuxuu ahaa khilaaf ku saabsanaa deeq dhan $32 milyan oo ka timid Sacuudi Carabiya, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu maalgeliyo shir dib u heshiisiin qaran ah. Geedi wuxuu qayb badan oo lacagtaas ka mid ah u qaatay naftiisa, taas oo keentay inuu xumaado xiriirka u dhexeeya labada hoggaamiye. Mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanka iyo Itoobiya oo ka niyad-jabay is-mari-waaga siyaasadeed ee ka dhex jira TFG-da ayaa la sheegay inay soo farageliyeen. Geedi waxaa looga yeeray Addis Ababa si uu wada-hadallo u galo, halkaas oo uu maalmo ku qaatay kulamo albaabadu u xiran yihiin oo uu la lahaa dibloomaasiyiin Maraykan iyo Itoobiyaan ah.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Bloomfield |first=Steve |date=9 Feb 2008 |title=Somalia: The World's forgotten catastrophe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525142354/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-date=2025-05-25 |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB}}</ref> ​Beddelka inuu iscasilo, Geedi waxaa la siiyay magangalyo dalka Maraykanka ah waxaana loo oggolaaday inuu haysto qayb ka mid ah lacagihii Sacuudiga ee haray. Ka dib wuxuu u guuray Los Angeles, halkaas oo mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanku la sheegay inay uga habaysteen jagada aqoonyahan ee Jaamacadda California.<ref name=":3" /> ​Geedi wuxuu iscasilaadiisa kaga dhawaaqay horteeda baarlamaanka magaalada Baydhabo 29-kii Oktoobar 2007, sababo la xiriira khilaaf ka dhex dhashay isaga iyo madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf]]. Waxaa jira xan sheegaysa in Geedi uu aqbalay inuu iscasilo si uu u helo taageero siyaasadeed mustaqbalka.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/14797043-E41C-4B1C-92AF-3C9517EE827F.htm "Somali prime minister resigns"], Al Jazeera, October 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7067053.stm "Somali prime minister steps down"], BBC News, October 29, 2007.</ref> Wuxuu sii ahaa xubin baarlamaan.<ref name="Run">[http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml "Somalia's former PM to run for president in 2009"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=20080108150527 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108150527/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=2008-01-08 }}, Garowe Online, January 6, 2008.</ref> Horraantii 2008, Geedi wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartami doono madaxweynenimada sannadka 2009-ka.<ref name="Run" /> ​ ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{War in Somalia (2006–09)}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Geedi, Cali Maxamed}} 0lw4d6de22yegmsvwa4q1ecwermrusu 302508 302499 2026-07-15T11:32:33Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Cali Geedi]] ilaa [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 293455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = Cali Maxamed Geedi علي محمد جيدي | image = Ali Mohamed Gedi.jpg | imagesize = 160px | order = Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 4aad ee [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] | term_start = 1 Noofembar 2004 | term_end = 29 Oktoobar 2007 | deputy = | predecessor = [[Maxamed Yuusuf Dheeliye]] | successor = [[Saalim Caliyoow Ibroow]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|2|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Jowhar]], [[Dhulka Amaanada ee Soomaaliya]]<br />(hadda [[Soomaaliya]]) | nationality = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Fadumo Hassan Ali | party = [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah|TFG]] | relations = | children = 4 | residence = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Muqdisho]] | occupation = [[Siyaasi]] | profession = | signature = | footnotes = }} ​'''Ali Mohammed Ghedi''' ({{langx|so|Cali Maxamed Geeddi}}, {{langx|ar|علي محمد جيدي}}) (dhashay 2 Oktoobar 1952), oo loo yaqaanno '''Cali Geedi''',<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_hyDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Ali+Ghedi%22&pg=PA143 | title=Environmental Politics in the Middle East| isbn=9780190916688| last1=Verhoeven| first1=Harry| date=November 2018}}</ref> waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo soo noqday [[Ra'iisul Wasaare|Ra'iisul Wasaaraha]] [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG) intii u dhaxaysay 2004 ilaa 2007. ​Isaga oo ahaa aqoonyahan hore iyo dhakhtar cilmiga xoolaha oo fadhigiisu ahaa [[Addis Ababa]], Geedi wuxuu ahaa shakhsi aan si weyn loo aqoon ka hor magacaabistiisii Noofembar 2004,<ref name="BBC-PROFILE">{{cite news |date=2004-11-04 |title=Profile: Ali Mohamed Ghedi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3982643.stm |access-date=2006-01-29 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> taas oo ka dhalatay olole xooggan oo ay samaysay dawladda Itoobiya. Geedi oo si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid [[Musuqmaasuq|musuqmaasuq]] leh uuna caqabad ku ahaa dib u heshiisiinta, wuxuu iscasilay Oktoobar 2007, waxaana booskiisii ra'iisul wasaarenimo lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-07 |title=Fractured TFG undermines security prospects - Somalia |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-fractured-tfg-undermines-security-prospects-07-apr-2008 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[Oxford Analytica]] |language=en |quote=The November 2007 replacement of former Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Gedi with Nur 'Adde' Hassan Hussein raised hopes for a political breakthrough in Somalia. Gedi was universally viewed as corrupt and a major obstacle to efforts at reconciliation.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ​ ==Noloshiisii hore== Cali Maxamed Geedi wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya sannadkii 1952-kii. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa beesha [[Abgaal]] ee [[Hawiye]]. Geedi waxaa soo korisay ayeeyadiis dhinaca aabbaha, markii dambena hooyadiis-labaad. Geedi aabbihii wuxuu ahaa sarkaal milatari, sannadkii 1978-kiina wuxuu ku biiray [[Hoggaanka Nabadsugidda Qaranka (Soomaaliya)|Nabadsugidda Qaranka (NSS)]] xilligii xukunka [[Siyaad Barre]] isaga oo haystay darajada Kolonel. Geedi waxaa qoratay NSS-ta xilligii uu ku jiray dugsiga sare iyo jaamacadda, isaga oo loo xilsaaray inuu kormeero uuna soo sheego ardayda ay isku fasalka yihiin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Tesfamariam |first=Sophia |date=28 December 2006 |title=Ali Mohammed Ghedi - Meles Zenawi's Stooge and Somalia's Traitor |url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211081746/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |archive-date=11 Feb 2007 |website=American Chronicle}}</ref> ​Wuxuu waxbarashadiisii u aaday [[Jaamacadda Pisa]], isaga oo ka qalin-jabiyay 1978-kii, ka dibna waxaa macallin kaaliye ah uga shaqaalaysiisay [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1980 ilaa 1983, wuxuu waxbarashada heerka sare ku qaatay Jaamacadda Pisa, isaga oo helay Shahaadada Dhakhtarnimo (Doctorate) ee Cilmiga Cudurrada Xoolaha iyo Qalliinka. Wuxuu dib ugu soo laabtay waxbaridda sannadkii 1983-kii isaga oo ahaa bare sare uuna madax ka ahaa waaxdaas ilaa 1990-kii. ​ == Shaqada Siyaasadda == ​Markii uu dillaacay [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]], Geedi wuxuu u shaqaynayay hoggaamiye kooxeedka [[Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] ee ururkii [[Jabhadda Caddaynta Soomaaliyeed|United Somali Congress]] (USC). Wuxuu ahaa Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Difaaca ee Cali Mahdi intii lagu jiray dagaalladii qallafsanaa ee ka dhacay Muqdisho horraantii 1990-aadkii.<ref name=":2" /> Guud ahaan, Geedi looma aqoonin dhinaca siyaasadda ilaa laga magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha TFG intii lagu jiray 2004.<ref name="BBC-PROFILE" /> Sida ay sheegtay [[Sophia Tesfamariam Yohannes]], Geedi waxaa loo shaqaalaysiiyay sidii basaas u shaqeeya dawladda Itoobiya intii lagu jiray 1990-aadkii waxaana la siin jiray mushahar bishii. Wuxuu aqoon u lahaa madaxda [[Jabhadda Xoraynta Shacabka Tigray|Tigray Peoples Liberation Front]] (TPLF) maadaama aabbihii uu ahaa xiriiriyaha NSS-ta ee iyaga.<ref name=":2" /> ​ === Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah=== [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] ayaa Cali Maxamed Geedi u magacaabay Ra'iisul Wasaarihiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 11-kii Disembar 2004, baarlamaanka ayaa u codeeyay [[Mooshin|codka kalsooni kala noqoshada]] dawladda Geedi, iyaga oo ku dhawaaqay in magacaabistiisu ay tahay mid ka hor imanaysa dastuurka. In kasta oo ay taasi jirtay, Yuusuf wuxuu dib u magacaabay Geedi laba maalmood ka dib, inkasta oo ilaa dhammaadkii sannadka uusan Geedi dib u dhisin golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2005 |title=New government brings hope to war-ravaged country |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/52586/somalia-new-government-brings-hope-war-ravaged-country-yearender |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Ioan Lewis|I.M. Lewis]], doorashadii Yuusuf ee madaxweynenimada iyo magacaabistiisii Geedi, oo xiriir la lahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya [[Meles Zenawi]], waxaa si weyn u saameeyay Itoobiya. Xiriirradan ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaatay [[Dagaalkii Soomaaliya (2006–2009)|duulaankii Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya]] sannadkii 2006-dii.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=I.M. |author-link=Ioan Lewis |date=16 April 2007 |title=Ethiopia's Invasion of Somalia |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820013812/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |archive-date=20 August 2007 |work=[[Garowe Online]] |quote=}}</ref> Wargeyska [[The New York Times|New York Times]] ayaa sheegay in, "Geedi kor u kiciisa awoodda ay dhab ahaantii ahayd wax ay Itoobiya abuurtay." Mas'uuliyiinta Itoobiya ayaa olole xooggan u galay inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Gettleman |first=Jeffrey |date=30 October 2007 |title=Somalia Premier Quits as Colleagues Cheer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/africa/30somalia.html |work=[[New York Times]] |quote=Mr. Gedi’s rise to power was essentially an Ethiopian creation. He spent much of his veterinary career at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. In 2004, Somalia’s transitional Parliament chose him as prime minister after heavy lobbying by Ethiopian officials, who portrayed him as a gifted technocrat.}}</ref> ​Bishii Maarso 2005, dood ku saabsanayd keenista ciidamo ajnabi ah, oo ay ku jiraan ciidamada Itoobiya, oo la keeno Soomaaliya ayaa horseeday rabshado ka dib markii qaraarkii la diiday iyadoo ay u codeeyeen 156 halka 55 ay oggolaadeen. Dagaal gacan ka hadal ah ayaa waxaa bilaabay qaar ka mid ah dadkii ka soo horjeeday natiijada, taas oo dhaawacday dhowr xildhibaan, codkiina waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu waxba kama jira yahay ka dib. Isaga oo ku adkaysanaya in la keeno ciidamo ajnabi ah oo ka socda dalalka deriska la ah Soomaaliya, Cali Geedi iyo Yuusuf waxay iska indho-tireen aragtida golihiisa wasiirada, aqlabiyadda cad ee baarlamaanka kumeelgaarka ah, iyo inta badan shacabka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2005 |title=MPs wounded as fighting breaks out during peacekeeping debate |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/53473/somalia-mps-wounded-fighting-breaks-out-during-peacekeeping-debate |work=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2005-03-18 |title=Somali leaders regroup after Parliament brawl |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-03-18-somali-leaders-regroup-after-parliament-brawl/?amp |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[The Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ​Intii lagu jiray Juun 2005, TFG-du waxay markii ugu horraysay u soo guurtay gudaha Soomaaliya waxayna ballanqaadday inay dalka oo dhan ka hirgeliso maamulkeeda. Beddelkeeda waxay si dhakhso ah ugu dhammaatay is-maandhaaf dhexdeeda ah, waxaana soo baxay kala qaybsanaan gudaha ah oo halis ah. Laguma heshiin waayay goobtii ay dawladdu fadhiisan lahayd. 100 xubnood oo ka tirsan baarlamaanka oo ka kooban 275 - oo uu hoggaaminayo Guddoomiyaha [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] - ayaa doortay inay u guuraan [[Muqdisho]], iyaga oo sheegay inay isku dayi doonaan inay xasilloonida dib ugu soo celiyaan caasimadda. Dhinaca kale Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf, Ra'iisul Wasaare Cali Geedi iyo taageerayaashooda waxay xarun ka samaysteen [[Jowhar]], oo 90 km waqooyi ka xigta Muqdisho, iyaga oo sabab uga dhigay amni-darrada caasimadda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2006-01-16 |title=Somalia: Year in Review 2005 - Still waiting for change |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-year-review-2005-still-waiting-change |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> ​ === Duulaankii Itoobiya iyo kacdoonkii=== Bishii Maarso 2006, dagaal ayaa ka dillaacay hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii [[Isbahaysiga Soo-celinta Nabadda iyo La-dagaallanka Argagixisada]] (ARPCT) iyo [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] (ICU) oo ku saabsan gacan ku haynta Muqdisho, kaas oo sii xoogaystay bishii Maajo. Ra'iisul Wasaaruhu wuxuu ka dalbaday hoggaamiye kooxeedyada, oo afar ka mid ahi ay ka tirsanaayeen dawladda TFG,<ref name="WARLORDS-BATTLE">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4836494.stm |title=Somali warlords battle Islamists |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2006-03-23 |access-date=2007-01-29}}</ref> inay joojiyaan dagaalka ay kula jiraan ICU-da, laakiin amarkaas waa la iska indho-tiray dhamaantiis, sidaas darteed Geedi wuxuu ka eryay Baarlamaanka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Wasiirkii Nabadsugidda Qaranka [[Maxamed Afrax Qanyare]], Wasiirkii Ganacsiga [[Muuse Suudi Yalaxow]], Wasiirkii Dhaqan-celinta Maleeshiyada [[Ciise Bootaan Caalin]] iyo Wasiirkii Arrimaha Diinta [[Cumar Maxamuud Finnish]].<ref name="FIRES-MINISTERS">{{cite news |title=Islamic militia ends 15 year Somali warlords' rule |url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |publisher=[[IslamOnline.net]] and news agencies |date=2006-06-05 |access-date=2007-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318113824/http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |archive-date=2007-03-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 13-kii Agoosto 2006, Geedi wuxuu dib u habeeyay golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XUKUUMADDA CUSUB EE PROF. GEEDI OO MAANTA LAGU HOR DHAARINAYO GOLAHA BAARLAMAANKA |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2006/aug/wararka_maanta13.html |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> ​Geedi wuxuu fagaarayaasha ka sheegay in 8,000 oo dagaalyahanno ajnabi ah ay u dagaallamayeen ICU ka hor duulaankii Itoobiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cawthorne |first=Andrew |date=2006-12-25 |title=Somali PM says 8,000 foreign fighters with Islamists |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/interview-somali-pm-says-8000-foreign-fighters-islamists |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray Disembar 2006, ciidamada Itoobiya iyo TFG-da waxay [[dhicitaankii Muqdisho|soo galeen Muqdisho]]. 1-dii Janaayo 2007, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay "Xilligii hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ee Muqdisho hadda waa dhammaaday."<ref name="SOMALI-PRIME-MINISTER-ORDERS-COMPLETE-DISARMAMENT">[http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/somali-prime-minister-orders-complete-disarmament/2007/01/02/1167500070792.html Somali prime minister orders complete disarmament] [[Associated Press]]</ref> Tallaabooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Geedi waxaa ka mid ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqay [[xeerka degdegga ah]] muddo saddex bilood ah, isagoo ku baaqay [[hub ka dhigista Soomaaliya|hub ka dhigista maleeshiyooyinka]], iyo magacaabista [[Garsoorka Soomaaliya|garsoorayaal cusub]].<ref name="SOMALIA-JUDGES-SWORN-IN-THE-CAPITAL">{{cite news |title = Somalia: Judges sworn in the capital |url = http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |publisher = SomaliNet |date = 2007-01-04 |access-date = 2007-01-15 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070117031022/http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |archive-date = 2007-01-17 }}</ref> Amarradii la soo saaray, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen mamnuucista isu-imaatinka dadweynaha, isku dayada abaabulka ololayaasha siyaasadeed iyo hay'adaha warbaahinta ee waaweyn, waxaa xoog ku fuliyay ciidamada Itoobiya. Isbaarooyinkii maleeshiyooyinka hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ayaa bilaabay inay dib uga soo muuqdaan waddooyinka Muqdisho, amni-darradiina waxay mar kale bilowday inay ku soo laabato magaalada.<ref name="Samatar-2007a">{{Cite web |last=Samatar |first=Abdi Ismail |date=2007-02-14 |title=Somalia: Warlordism, Ethiopian Invasion, Dictatorship and US's Role |url=https://sudantribune.com/article20646/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Geedi wuxuu ahaa bartilmaameedka isku day dil.<ref name="ATTACK-ON-HOME"> {{cite news |date=2004-06-04 |title=Profile: Somali PM survives attack on home |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420100646/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |archive-date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2006-06-04 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}} </ref> ​ === Musuqmaasuqa iyo iscasilaadda=== Geedi waxaa si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid musuqmaasuq leh, waxaana lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]] isaga oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare dabayaaqadii 2007.<ref name=":12" /> Mid ka mid ah murannada waaweyn ee soo dedejiyay iscasilaadiisa wuxuu ahaa khilaaf ku saabsanaa deeq dhan $32 milyan oo ka timid Sacuudi Carabiya, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu maalgeliyo shir dib u heshiisiin qaran ah. Geedi wuxuu qayb badan oo lacagtaas ka mid ah u qaatay naftiisa, taas oo keentay inuu xumaado xiriirka u dhexeeya labada hoggaamiye. Mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanka iyo Itoobiya oo ka niyad-jabay is-mari-waaga siyaasadeed ee ka dhex jira TFG-da ayaa la sheegay inay soo farageliyeen. Geedi waxaa looga yeeray Addis Ababa si uu wada-hadallo u galo, halkaas oo uu maalmo ku qaatay kulamo albaabadu u xiran yihiin oo uu la lahaa dibloomaasiyiin Maraykan iyo Itoobiyaan ah.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Bloomfield |first=Steve |date=9 Feb 2008 |title=Somalia: The World's forgotten catastrophe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525142354/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-date=2025-05-25 |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB}}</ref> ​Beddelka inuu iscasilo, Geedi waxaa la siiyay magangalyo dalka Maraykanka ah waxaana loo oggolaaday inuu haysto qayb ka mid ah lacagihii Sacuudiga ee haray. Ka dib wuxuu u guuray Los Angeles, halkaas oo mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanku la sheegay inay uga habaysteen jagada aqoonyahan ee Jaamacadda California.<ref name=":3" /> ​Geedi wuxuu iscasilaadiisa kaga dhawaaqay horteeda baarlamaanka magaalada Baydhabo 29-kii Oktoobar 2007, sababo la xiriira khilaaf ka dhex dhashay isaga iyo madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf]]. Waxaa jira xan sheegaysa in Geedi uu aqbalay inuu iscasilo si uu u helo taageero siyaasadeed mustaqbalka.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/14797043-E41C-4B1C-92AF-3C9517EE827F.htm "Somali prime minister resigns"], Al Jazeera, October 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7067053.stm "Somali prime minister steps down"], BBC News, October 29, 2007.</ref> Wuxuu sii ahaa xubin baarlamaan.<ref name="Run">[http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml "Somalia's former PM to run for president in 2009"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=20080108150527 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108150527/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=2008-01-08 }}, Garowe Online, January 6, 2008.</ref> Horraantii 2008, Geedi wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartami doono madaxweynenimada sannadka 2009-ka.<ref name="Run" /> ​ ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{War in Somalia (2006–09)}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Geedi, Cali Maxamed}} 0lw4d6de22yegmsvwa4q1ecwermrusu 0 47547 302365 301991 2026-07-14T16:40:23Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 /* Abtirsiin */ 302365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Deria Hussien **********Hassan Dire **********Aden Dirie **********Guled Dirie ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud ******Hamud Shirdon ******Jama Shirdon ******Geele Shirdon *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Osman Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Hassan Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== 684w984bkmj86jywli0qakcqcm2ihwl 302374 302365 2026-07-15T06:53:47Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 302374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Deria Hussien **********Hassan Dire **********Aden Dirie **********Guled Dirie ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Jama Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud ******Hamud Shirdon ******Jama Shirdon ******Geele Shirdon *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Osman Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Dirie Hussien ***Hassan Dire ***Aden Dirie ***Guled Dirie **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Jama Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== fq6fyz8d8ezlzpm8r37nu8my2b7svs9 302375 302374 2026-07-15T06:59:42Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 /* Abtirsiin */ 302375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Deria Hussien **********Hassan Dire **********Aden Dirie **********Guled Dirie ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Jama Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud ******Hamud Shirdon ******Jama Shirdon ******Geele Shirdon *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Osman Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Dirie Hussien ***Hassan Dire ***Aden Dirie ***Guled Dirie **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Jama Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== capix9oqmkfsc892lj4br15av9kfmr1 302376 302375 2026-07-15T07:21:01Z ~2026-39539-85 46503 /* Abtirsiin */ 302376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Deria Hussien **********Hassan Dire **********Aden Dirie **********Guled Dirie ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Jama Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud ******Hamud Shirdon ******Jama Shirdon ******Geele Shirdon *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Osman Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Dirie Hussien ***Hassan Dire ***Aden Dirie ***Guled Dirie **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Jama Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== qqp5u72xltzprrbj18p85o7k6vm8dkq 0 49291 302355 2026-07-14T12:22:20Z BARRE IBRAAHIM FAARAX 46449 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363152329|Asteroid mining]]" 302355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Macdanta asteroid-ka''' waa soo saarista walxaha mala-awaalka ah iyo kuwa farsamo ahaan suurtogalka ah ee laga soo saaro asteroid-yada iyo meerayaasha kale ee yaryar, oo ay ku jiraan walxaha u dhow Dhulka . Hawlgallada cilmi-baadhista ee diiradda saaraya soo celinta muunadda asteroid-ka, oo ay ku jiraan ''Hayabusa'', ''Hayabusa2'', ''OSIRIS-REx'', iyo ''Tianwen-2 ,'' waxay muujinayaan caqabadaha ka jira ururinta macdanta hawada sare iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada hadda jirta. Laga bilaabo 2024, qiyaastii 127 garaam oo walxo asteroid ah ayaa si guul leh looga keenay hawada sare dhulkana loo keenay. Hawlgallada cilmi-baadhista ee asteroid-ka waa dadaallo adag oo soo saara xaddi aad u yar oo walaxbah: wax ka yar 100 milligram oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa'', 5.4 garaam oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa2'', iyo qiyaastii 121.6 garaam oo loogu talagalay ''OSIRIS-REx'', iyadoo howlgalka Tianwen-2 uu hadda socdo.Tirooyinkani waa kuwo aan la barbar dhigi karin marka la tixgelinayo maalgashiga iyo kheyraadka la taaban karo ee loo qoondeeyay mashaariicdan ($300 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa'', $800 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa2'', $1.16 bilyan oo loogu talagalay ''OSIRIS-REx'' iyo $70 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Tianewen-2'' ). Caqabadaha macdanta asteroid-ka ee la xusi karo waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha sare ee duulimaadka hawada sare, aqoonsashada aan la isku halleyn karin ee asteroid-yada ku habboon macdan qodista, iyo caqabadaha soo saarista walxaha la isticmaali karo ee jawiga hawada sare.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">xigasho ayaa loo baahan yahay</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> sz0h1hqlw4c4qlyhgu0zzb9rgv7o6wz 302362 302355 2026-07-14T12:59:17Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Asteroid mining]] ilaa [[Macdanta asteroid]]: U qoray si sax ah 302355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Macdanta asteroid-ka''' waa soo saarista walxaha mala-awaalka ah iyo kuwa farsamo ahaan suurtogalka ah ee laga soo saaro asteroid-yada iyo meerayaasha kale ee yaryar, oo ay ku jiraan walxaha u dhow Dhulka . Hawlgallada cilmi-baadhista ee diiradda saaraya soo celinta muunadda asteroid-ka, oo ay ku jiraan ''Hayabusa'', ''Hayabusa2'', ''OSIRIS-REx'', iyo ''Tianwen-2 ,'' waxay muujinayaan caqabadaha ka jira ururinta macdanta hawada sare iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada hadda jirta. Laga bilaabo 2024, qiyaastii 127 garaam oo walxo asteroid ah ayaa si guul leh looga keenay hawada sare dhulkana loo keenay. Hawlgallada cilmi-baadhista ee asteroid-ka waa dadaallo adag oo soo saara xaddi aad u yar oo walaxbah: wax ka yar 100 milligram oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa'', 5.4 garaam oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa2'', iyo qiyaastii 121.6 garaam oo loogu talagalay ''OSIRIS-REx'', iyadoo howlgalka Tianwen-2 uu hadda socdo.Tirooyinkani waa kuwo aan la barbar dhigi karin marka la tixgelinayo maalgashiga iyo kheyraadka la taaban karo ee loo qoondeeyay mashaariicdan ($300 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa'', $800 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Hayabusa2'', $1.16 bilyan oo loogu talagalay ''OSIRIS-REx'' iyo $70 milyan oo loogu talagalay ''Tianewen-2'' ). Caqabadaha macdanta asteroid-ka ee la xusi karo waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha sare ee duulimaadka hawada sare, aqoonsashada aan la isku halleyn karin ee asteroid-yada ku habboon macdan qodista, iyo caqabadaha soo saarista walxaha la isticmaali karo ee jawiga hawada sare.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">xigasho ayaa loo baahan yahay</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> sz0h1hqlw4c4qlyhgu0zzb9rgv7o6wz 0 49292 302356 2026-07-14T12:44:11Z BARRE IBRAAHIM FAARAX 46449 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353800106|Geology]]" 302356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grand_canyon_march_2013.jpg|thumb|Grand Canyon, Arizona, bishii March 2013]] '''Cilmiga-dhulku''' waa laan ka mid ah sayniska dabiiciga ah ee khuseeya Dhulka iyo jidhooyinka kale ee xiddigiska, dhagaxyada ay ka samaysan yihiin, iyo hababka ay isku beddelaan waqti ka dib. Magacu wuxuu {{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|γῆ}}'' ({{grc-transl|γῆ}})|earth||''{{wikt-lang|grc|-|λoγία}}'' ({{grc-transl|[[-logy|-λoγία]]}})|study of, discourse}} yimid&#x20;[[Ancient Greek language|Giriiggii Hore]]&#x20;<span data-ve-ignore="" lang="grc">[[wiktionary:γῆ#Ancient_Greek|γῆ]]</span> ''( <span lang="grc-Latn" title="Ancient Greek transliteration">''gê''</span> )''&nbsp;<span class="gloss-quot" data-ve-ignore="">'</span> <span class="gloss-text" data-ve-ignore="">dhulka</span> <span class="gloss-quot" data-ve-ignore="">'</span>&#x20;<span data-ve-ignore="">iyo</span>&#x20;<span data-ve-ignore="" lang="grc">[[wiktionary:-#Ancient_Greek|λoγία]]</span> ''( <span lang="grc-Latn" title="Ancient Greek transliteration">''-logía''</span> )''&nbsp;<span class="gloss-quot" data-ve-ignore="">'</span> <span class="gloss-text" data-ve-ignore="">daraasad, wadahadal</span> <span class="gloss-quot" data-ve-ignore="">'</span> . Cilmiga-dhulka casriga ah wuxuu si weyn isugu eg yahay dhammaan cilmiga kale ee Dhulka, oo ay ku jiraan cilmiga biyaha . Waxaa lagu dhex daray cilmiga nidaamka Dhulka iyo cilmiga meerayaasha . Cilmiga-dhulkubwuxuu qeexayaa qaab-dhismeedka Dhulka dushiisa iyo hoosteeda iyo hababka qaabeeyey qaab-dhismeedkaas. Cilmi-dhulyahanadu waxay bartaan halabuurka macdanta ee dhagaxyada si ay u helaan aragti ku saabsan taariikhda samayskooda. Cilmiga-dhulku wuxuu go'aamiyaa da'da qaraabada ah ee dhagaxyada laga helo meel la bixiyay; kimisteriga-dhulku (laan cilmiga-dhulka ah) wuxuu go'aamiyaa da'dooda buuxda . Iyagoo isku daraya qalab kala duwan oo batrool, crystallographic, iyo paleontological ah, cilmi-dhulyahanadu waxay awood u leeyihiin inay taariikh u sameeyaan taariikhda dhulka guud ahaan. Mid ka mid ah dhinacyada waa in la muujiyo da'da Dhulka . Cilmi-baadhista dhulka waxay bixisaa caddayn ku saabsan tektonikada saxannada, taariikhda isbeddelka nolosha, iyo cimilada Dhulka ee hore . Cilmi-baarayaasha cilmiga dhulka waxay si ballaadhan u bartaan sifooyinka iyo hababka Dhulka iyo meerayaasha kale ee dhulka. Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay adeegsadaan habab kala duwan si ay u fahmaan qaab-dhismeedka iyo horumarka Dhulka, oo ay ku jiraan shaqada goobta, sharraxaadda dhagaxa, farsamooyinka geophysicalfalanqaynta kiimikada, tijaabooyinka jireed, iyo qaabaynta tirooyinka . Marka la eego dhinaca dhabta ah, cilmiga dhulka ayaa muhiim u ah sahaminta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta iyo haydaro-biyoodka, qiimeynta kheyraadka biyaha, fahamka khataraha dabiiciga ah, hagaajinta dhibaatooyinka deegaanka, iyo bixinta aragtiyo ku saabsan isbeddelkii cimilada ee hore. Cilmiga dhulka (Geology) waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah cilmiga tacliinta, waana udub dhexaadka injineernimada dhulka (geological engineering ) waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa injineernimada dhulka (geotechnical engineering ). 2e839qyuq9tlqt8xg4njesc09tqd5vq 302360 302356 2026-07-14T12:56:40Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Juqraafi]] 302360 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Juqraafi]] iy8oj9xl9b206e0wnp97dkah6t4fuwc 0 49293 302357 2026-07-14T12:50:42Z Yahye Hussein 46327 Maki Xaaji Banaadir 302357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | magaca = Maki Xaaji Banaadir | image = Maki Haji Banaadir 2026.jpg }} '''Magaca:''' Maki Xaaji Banaadir '''Dhashay:''' 1958 '''Goobta dhalashada:''' Jilib Marka, Shabeellaha Hoose, Soomaaliya '''Jinsiyad:''' Soomaali '''Luqadaha:''' Af-Soomaali '''Shaqooyinka:''' Abwaan, Jilaa, Majaajiliiste, Heesaa iyo Dawaarle '''Maki Xaaji Banaadir''' (dhashay '''1958''') waa '''abwaan, jilaa, majaajiliiste iyo heesaa Soomaaliyeed'''. Waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed. Waxa uu caan ku yahay gabayada, majaajillada, riwaayadaha iyo bandhigyada dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Noloshii hore == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii '''1958''' deegaanka '''Jilib Marka''' ee gobolka '''Shabeellaha Hoose''' ee Soomaaliya. Waxa uu xiisayn jiray suugaanta iyo fanka tan iyo yaraantiisii, isagoo si joogto ah uga dhex muuqday goobaha dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka Soomaaliyeed. Hibadiisa suugaaneed ayaa u sahashay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed. == Fanka iyo suugaanta == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed muddo ka badan afartan sano. Waxa uu caan ku yahay curinta iyo tirinta gabayada, majaajillada, heesaha iyo bandhigyada suugaaneed ee lagu soo bandhigay gudaha Soomaaliya iyo dibaddaba. Suugaantiisu waxa ay inta badan ka hadashaa arrimaha bulshada, nabadda, hiddaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, wadajirka bulshada iyo wacyigelinta. Waxa uu door muuqda ka qaatay ilaalinta iyo kobcinta afka iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed isagoo adeegsanaya fanka iyo suugaanta. Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb galay munaasabado dhaqameed iyo bandhigyo faneed oo lagu qabtay Soomaaliya iyo dalal kale oo ay Soomaalidu ku nool yihiin. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayadiisa iyo bandhigyadiisa ayaa laga heli karaa warbaahinta iyo baraha internetka, kuwaas oo si weyn looga daawado loogana dhegeysto. == Dhaxalka == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee saamaynta muuqata ku leh suugaanta iyo fanka Soomaaliyeed. Waxa lagu ammaanaa kaalinta uu ka qaatay ilaalinta hidaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, kobcinta afka Soomaaliga iyo gudbinta suugaanta jiilalka dambe. Waxa uu weli ka mid yahay fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed ee bulshada dhexdeeda ku leh qadarin iyo maamuus, waxaana loo aqoonsadaa inuu yahay hal-abuur muddo dheer u adeegayay dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Tixraacyo == <references /> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voasomali.com/a/7679113.html |title=Wareysi: Abwaan Maki Xaaji Banaadir oo la hadlay VOA |website=VOA Somali |publisher=Voice of America |date=1 Luulyo 2024 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-59264189 |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=BBC Somali |publisher=BBC |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://somaliswiss.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/maki-xaaji-banaadir-sheikh-sheekadaan-waa-ku-daalnay-nama-anfaceyso/ |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir: "Sheekh, sheekadaan waa ku daalnay, nama anfacayso" |website=SomaliSwiss |date=21 Abriil 2012 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_8yv34jCcc |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=618zA1OTXs0 |title=Wareysi Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mogtimes.com/articles/48257/Maki-Waa-kuma-heesaaga-iyo-Majaajilaystaha-muadanka-ah |title=Maki: Waa kuma heesaaga iyo majaajiliistaha muwaadinka ah? |website=MogTimes |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> 3i5uybq29w6cb3mjpk5j0pz9qebvdrg 302359 302357 2026-07-14T12:55:58Z Yahye Hussein 46327 302359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | magaca = Maki Xaaji Banaadir | image = Maki Haji Banaadir 2026.jpg }} '''Magaca:''' Maki Xaaji Banaadir '''Dhashay:''' 1958 '''Goobta dhalashada:''' Jilib Marka, Shabeellaha Hoose, Soomaaliya '''Jinsiyad:''' Soomaali '''Luqadaha:''' Af-Soomaali '''Shaqooyinka:''' Abwaan, Jilaa, Majaajiliiste, Heesaa iyo Dawaarle '''Maki Xaaji Banaadir''' (dhashay '''1958''') waa '''abwaan, jilaa, majaajiliiste iyo heesaa Soomaaliyeed'''. Waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed. Waxa uu caan ku yahay gabayada, majaajillada, riwaayadaha iyo bandhigyada dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Noloshii hore == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii '''1958''' deegaanka '''Jilib Marka''' ee gobolka '''Shabeellaha Hoose''' ee Soomaaliya. Waxa uu xiisayn jiray suugaanta iyo fanka tan iyo yaraantiisii, isagoo si joogto ah uga dhex muuqday goobaha dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka Soomaaliyeed. Hibadiisa suugaaneed ayaa u sahashay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed. == Fanka iyo suugaanta == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed muddo ka badan afartan sano. Waxa uu caan ku yahay curinta iyo tirinta gabayada, majaajillada, heesaha iyo bandhigyada suugaaneed ee lagu soo bandhigay gudaha Soomaaliya iyo dibaddaba. Suugaantiisu waxa ay inta badan ka hadashaa arrimaha bulshada, nabadda, hiddaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, wadajirka bulshada iyo wacyigelinta. Waxa uu door muuqda ka qaatay ilaalinta iyo kobcinta afka iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed isagoo adeegsanaya fanka iyo suugaanta. Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb galay munaasabado dhaqameed iyo bandhigyo faneed oo lagu qabtay Soomaaliya iyo dalal kale oo ay Soomaalidu ku nool yihiin. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayadiisa iyo bandhigyadiisa ayaa laga heli karaa warbaahinta iyo baraha internetka, kuwaas oo si weyn looga daawado loogana dhegeysto. == Dhaxalka == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee saamaynta muuqata ku leh suugaanta iyo fanka Soomaaliyeed. Waxa lagu ammaanaa kaalinta uu ka qaatay ilaalinta hidaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, kobcinta afka Soomaaliga iyo gudbinta suugaanta jiilalka dambe. Waxa uu weli ka mid yahay fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed ee bulshada dhexdeeda ku leh qadarin iyo maamuus, waxaana loo aqoonsadaa inuu yahay hal-abuur muddo dheer u adeegayay dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Tixraacyo == <references /> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voasomali.com/a/7679113.html |title=Wareysi: Abwaan Maki Xaaji Banaadir oo la hadlay VOA |website=VOA Somali |publisher=Voice of America |date=1 Luulyo 2024 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-59264189 |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=BBC Somali |publisher=BBC |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://somaliswiss.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/maki-xaaji-banaadir-sheikh-sheekadaan-waa-ku-daalnay-nama-anfaceyso/ |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir: "Sheekh, sheekadaan waa ku daalnay, nama anfacayso" |website=SomaliSwiss |date=21 Abriil 2012 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_8yv34jCcc |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=618zA1OTXs0 |title=Wareysi Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mogtimes.com/articles/48257/Maki-Waa-kuma-heesaaga-iyo-Majaajilaystaha-muadanka-ah |title=Maki: Waa kuma heesaaga iyo majaajiliistaha muwaadinka ah? |website=MogTimes |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> d8bijf4sqy4jcflygi7h426bazzkigg 302361 302359 2026-07-14T12:58:38Z Yahye Hussein 46327 /* */ 302361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | magaca = Maki Xaaji Banaadir | image = Maki Haji Banaadir 2026.jpg }} '''Magaca:''' Maki Xaaji Banaadir '''Dhashay:''' 1958 '''Goobta dhalashada:''' Jilib Marka, Shabeellaha Hoose, Soomaaliya '''Jinsiyad:''' Soomaali '''Luqadaha:''' Af-Soomaali '''Shaqooyinka:''' Abwaan, Jilaa, Majaajiliiste, Heesaa iyo Dawaarle '''Maki Xaaji Banaadir''' (dhashay '''1958''') waa '''abwaan, jilaa, majaajiliiste iyo heesaa Soomaaliyeed'''. Waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka iyo suugaanta Soomaaliyeed. Waxa uu caan ku yahay gabayada, majaajillada, riwaayadaha iyo bandhigyada dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Noloshii hore == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku dhashay sanadkii '''1958''' deegaanka '''Jilib Marka''' ee gobolka '''Shabeellaha Hoose''' ee Soomaaliya. Waxa uu xiisayn jiray suugaanta iyo fanka tan iyo yaraantiisii, isagoo si joogto ah uga dhex muuqday goobaha dhaqanka iyo hal-abuurka Soomaaliyeed. Hibadiisa suugaaneed ayaa u sahashay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta muddada dheer ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed. == Fanka iyo suugaanta == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ku soo jiray fanka Soomaaliyeed muddo ka badan afartan sano. Waxa uu caan ku yahay curinta iyo tirinta gabayada, majaajillada, heesaha iyo bandhigyada suugaaneed ee lagu soo bandhigay gudaha Soomaaliya iyo dibaddaba. Suugaantiisu waxa ay inta badan ka hadashaa arrimaha bulshada, nabadda, hiddaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, wadajirka bulshada iyo wacyigelinta. Waxa uu door muuqda ka qaatay ilaalinta iyo kobcinta afka iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed isagoo adeegsanaya fanka iyo suugaanta. Waxa kale oo uu ka qayb galay munaasabado dhaqameed iyo bandhigyo faneed oo lagu qabtay Soomaaliya iyo dalal kale oo ay Soomaalidu ku nool yihiin. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah gabayadiisa iyo bandhigyadiisa ayaa laga heli karaa warbaahinta iyo baraha internetka, kuwaas oo si weyn looga daawado loogana dhegeysto. == Dhaxalka == Maki Xaaji Banaadir waxa uu ka mid yahay hal-abuurayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee saamaynta muuqata ku leh suugaanta iyo fanka Soomaaliyeed. Waxa lagu ammaanaa kaalinta uu ka qaatay ilaalinta hidaha iyo dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, kobcinta afka Soomaaliga iyo gudbinta suugaanta jiilalka dambe. Waxa uu weli ka mid yahay fanaaniinta Soomaaliyeed ee bulshada dhexdeeda ku leh qadarin iyo maamuus, waxaana loo aqoonsadaa inuu yahay hal-abuur muddo dheer u adeegayay dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. == Tixraacyo == <references /> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voasomali.com/a/7679113.html |title=Wareysi: Abwaan Maki Xaaji Banaadir oo la hadlay VOA |website=VOA Somali |publisher=Voice of America |date=1 Luulyo 2024 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-59264189 |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=BBC Somali |publisher=BBC |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://somaliswiss.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/maki-xaaji-banaadir-sheikh-sheekadaan-waa-ku-daalnay-nama-anfaceyso/ |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir: "Sheekh, sheekadaan waa ku daalnay, nama anfacayso" |website=SomaliSwiss |date=21 Abriil 2012 |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_8yv34jCcc |title=Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=618zA1OTXs0 |title=Wareysi Maki Xaaji Banaadir |website=YouTube |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mogtimes.com/articles/48257/Maki-Waa-kuma-heesaaga-iyo-Majaajilaystaha-muadanka-ah |title=Maki: Waa kuma heesaaga iyo majaajiliistaha muwaadinka ah? |website=MogTimes |language=so |access-date=14 Luulyo 2026 }}</ref> 0xsimqbxv3pcps9yhp9t6upnp1zi1q9 0 49294 302363 2026-07-14T12:59:17Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Asteroid mining]] ilaa [[Macdanta asteroid]]: U qoray si sax ah 302363 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Macdanta asteroid]] 7792ouxel2y00j4h2fjekvfkmmpux91 0 49295 302378 2026-07-15T07:31:21Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Alt Schwerin COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|30|47|N|12|21|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alt Schwerin in MBS.svg |image_photo = Alt Schwerin Kirche 2008-03-26.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Alt Schwerin |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Amt Malchow |elevation = 84 |area = 44.44 |postal_code = 17214 |a... 302378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Alt Schwerin COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|30|47|N|12|21|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alt Schwerin in MBS.svg |image_photo = Alt Schwerin Kirche 2008-03-26.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Alt Schwerin |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Amt Malchow |elevation = 84 |area = 44.44 |postal_code = 17214 |area_code = 039932 |licence = MÜR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 001 |website = |mayor = Wolfgang Holbe }} '''Alt Schwerin''' ({{IPA|de|ˈalt ʃveˈʁiːn}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. <gallery> Image:Alt Schwerin, Plauer See 2008-03-26 129.jpg|Xeebta waqooyi ee harada ''[[Plauer See (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)|Plauer See]]'' </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} emda1cm2au64296150luq0p9g06q94e 0 49296 302379 2026-07-15T07:33:29Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|47|47|N|12|39|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alt Sührkow in LRO.svg |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Mecklenburgische Schweiz |elevation = 10 |area = 25.32 |postal_code = 17166 |area_code = 03996 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 003 |website = [http://... 302379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|47|47|N|12|39|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alt Sührkow in LRO.svg |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Mecklenburgische Schweiz |elevation = 10 |area = 25.32 |postal_code = 17166 |area_code = 03996 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 003 |website = [http://www.amt-mecklenburgische-schweiz.de www.amt-mecklenburgische-schweiz.de] |mayor = Rainer Mucke }} '''Alt Sührkow''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alt Suhrkow}} 1t33xe3jpx6forgtfu3ind22ch0o11e 0 49297 302380 2026-07-15T07:35:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|51|N|13|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Alt_Tellin_in_VG.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Jarmen-Tutow |elevation = 12 |area = 24.32 |postal_code = 17129 |area_code = 039991 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 002 |divisions = 7 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.amt-jarmen-tutow.de/ www.amt-jarmen-tutow.de] |mayor = Frank Karstädt }} '''Alt Tellin''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Alt Tellin waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 waxay ka mid ahayd Gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 waxay ka mid ahayd [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] iyo tan iyo 1990 mar kale Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Asal ahaan loo magacaabay Siedenbüssow, gobolku wuxuu muddo dheer la xiriiray ganacsiga doofaarka. Gobolka waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa beeraha. Magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Alt Tellin 1-dii Janaayo 1951. Ereyga "Bussow" wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Burgh, oo macnaheedu yahay "buur." 31-kii Maarso 2021, dab weyn ayaa baabi'iyay warshadda wax-soo-saarka [[pig|doofaarka]] ee [[LFD Holding]] ee Alt Tellin oo ka koobnayd 18 [[stable|xero]]. Kaliya 1300 oo ka mid ah 51,000 oo doofaar iyo dhashooda ah ayaa badbaaday, waxyeellada waxaa lagu qiyaasay €40 milyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/mecklenburg-vorpommern/Grossbrand-in-Alt-Tellin-Kein-technischer-Defekt,alttellin248.html |title=Großbrand in Alt Tellin: Kein technischer Defekt |website=[[ndr.de]] |date=2022-01-28 |access-date=2023-01-31 |language=de}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rgq4h86ld9kjwh9aosn32iisz1y4nux 0 49298 302381 2026-07-15T07:36:58Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox German place |name = Alt-Treptow |name_local = |image_photo = Berlin-alt-treptow treptowers 20050922 441 corr.jpg |image_caption = Dhismaha "[[Treptowers]]" <br> iyo sawirka "[[Molecule Man (art)|Molecule Man]]" |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = Coat of arms de-be treptow 1992.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|29|24|N|13|26|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Berlin |district = |borough... 302381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Alt-Treptow |name_local = |image_photo = Berlin-alt-treptow treptowers 20050922 441 corr.jpg |image_caption = Dhismaha "[[Treptowers]]" <br> iyo sawirka "[[Molecule Man (art)|Molecule Man]]" |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = Coat of arms de-be treptow 1992.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|29|24|N|13|26|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = Berlin |district = |borough = Treptow-Köpenick |divisions = |elevation = 34 |area = 2.31 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=110901}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 12435 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1568 |plantext = Goobta Alt-Treptow ee Treptow-Köpenick iyo Berlin |image_plan = Map de-be alt-treptow.png |website = }} '''Alt-Treptow''' ({{IPA|de|ˌaltˈtʁeːptoː}}) waa goob Jarmal ah oo ka tirsan [[Boroughs and localities of Berlin|degmada]] [[Treptow-Köpenick]] ee [[Berlin]]. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa '''Treptow''' waxayna ahayd, ilaa 2001, meesha ugu weyn ee magaca [[eponym]]-ka u ahaa degmadii hore ee [[Treptow]]. ==Taariikhda== Goobtan, oo markii ugu horreysay ay degganaayeen [[Slavic peoples|dadka Slavic]] qarnigii 6-aad, ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1568 magaca ''Trebow''. Waxay ku biirtay Berlin iyadoo la raacayo [[Greater Berlin Act]] 1920. Laga bilaabo 1961 ilaa 1989 xuduudaheeda waqooyi iyo galbeed waxaa ka gudbay [[Berlin Wall|Darbiga Berlin]]. Laga bilaabo Janaayo 1, 2001 degmadii hore ee Treptow, oo sidoo kale ka koobnayd [[Plänterwald]], [[Baumschulenweg]], [[Niederschöneweide]], [[Johannisthal (Berlin)|Johannisthal]], [[Adlershof]], [[Altglienicke]] iyo [[Bohnsdorf]]; ayaa la kala diray si loogu biiriyo degmada cusub ee Treptow-Köpenick. ==Juqraafiga== Alt-Treptow waxay ku taal xaafadda koonfur-bari ee Berlin waxaana kala bar dhulkeeda ku fadhiya [[Treptower Park]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay deegaanada [[Plänterwald]], [[Neukölln (locality)|Neukölln]] (oo ka tirsan degmada [[Neukölln]]), [[Friedrichshain]] iyo [[Kreuzberg]] (oo ka tirsan degmada [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]]). Waxaa dhanka waqooyi ka xiga webiga [[Spree (river)|Spree]] waxayna dhulkeeda ku leedahay jasiirad la yiraahdo "[[Insel der Jugend]]" (Jasiiradda Dhalinyarada). ==Gaadiidka== Saldhigga kaliya ee ''[[Berlin S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]'' ee goobta waa saldhigga [[Berlin Treptower Park railway station|Treptower Park]], kaas oo ku yaal [[Berlin Ringbahn|Ringbahn]] waxaana u adeega khadadka [[S4X (Berlin)|S4]], [[S8 (Berlin)|S8]], [[S85 (Berlin)|S85]], iyo [[S9 (Berlin)|S9]]. [[bundesautobahn 100|Autobahn 100]] ayaa hadda ku dhammaata goobta iyada oo isgoys la leh Am Treptower Park. Qorshayaasha lagu sii wado dhismaha wadada ee kor u dhaafaya [[Spree (river)|Spree]] ee u jeeda [[Berlin Ostkreuz station|Ostkreuz]] ma laha taariikh bilow ah oo la saadaalin karo. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Badeschiff]] * [[Molecule Man (art)|Molecule Man]] * [[Osthafen]] * [[Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)]] * [[Spreepark]] * [[Treptowers]] * [[Treptower Park]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Sawirro== <gallery widths=120> File:Berlin Insel der Jugend - Abteibrücke.jpg|Buundada loo maro ''[[Insel der Jugend]]'' ee [[Treptower Park]] File:Germany Spree bad kl1.jpg|[[Badeschiff]] </gallery> ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alt Treptow}} jboz5gs9b310bxvfxdbon38mmaoyj4z 302382 302381 2026-07-15T07:37:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Alt-Treptow |name_local = |image_photo = Berlin-alt-treptow treptowers 20050922 441 corr.jpg |image_caption = Dhismaha "[[Treptowers]]" <br> iyo sawirka "[[Molecule Man (art)|Molecule Man]]" |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = Coat of arms de-be treptow 1992.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|29|24|N|13|26|58|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Treptow-Köpenick |divisions = |elevation = 34 |area = 2.31 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=110901}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 12435 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1568 |plantext = Goobta Alt-Treptow ee Treptow-Köpenick iyo Berlin |image_plan = Map de-be alt-treptow.png |website = }} '''Alt-Treptow''' ({{IPA|de|ˌaltˈtʁeːptoː}}) waa goob Jarmal ah oo ka tirsan [[Boroughs and localities of Berlin|degmada]] [[Treptow-Köpenick]] ee [[Berlin]]. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa '''Treptow''' waxayna ahayd, ilaa 2001, meesha ugu weyn ee magaca [[eponym]]-ka u ahaa degmadii hore ee [[Treptow]]. ==Taariikhda== Goobtan, oo markii ugu horreysay ay degganaayeen [[Slavic peoples|dadka Slavic]] qarnigii 6-aad, ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1568 magaca ''Trebow''. Waxay ku biirtay Berlin iyadoo la raacayo [[Greater Berlin Act]] 1920. Laga bilaabo 1961 ilaa 1989 xuduudaheeda waqooyi iyo galbeed waxaa ka gudbay [[Berlin Wall|Darbiga Berlin]]. Laga bilaabo Janaayo 1, 2001 degmadii hore ee Treptow, oo sidoo kale ka koobnayd [[Plänterwald]], [[Baumschulenweg]], [[Niederschöneweide]], [[Johannisthal (Berlin)|Johannisthal]], [[Adlershof]], [[Altglienicke]] iyo [[Bohnsdorf]]; ayaa la kala diray si loogu biiriyo degmada cusub ee Treptow-Köpenick. ==Juqraafiga== Alt-Treptow waxay ku taal xaafadda koonfur-bari ee Berlin waxaana kala bar dhulkeeda ku fadhiya [[Treptower Park]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay deegaanada [[Plänterwald]], [[Neukölln (locality)|Neukölln]] (oo ka tirsan degmada [[Neukölln]]), [[Friedrichshain]] iyo [[Kreuzberg]] (oo ka tirsan degmada [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]]). Waxaa dhanka waqooyi ka xiga webiga [[Spree (river)|Spree]] waxayna dhulkeeda ku leedahay jasiirad la yiraahdo "[[Insel der Jugend]]" (Jasiiradda Dhalinyarada). ==Gaadiidka== Saldhigga kaliya ee ''[[Berlin S-Bahn|S-Bahn]]'' ee goobta waa saldhigga [[Berlin Treptower Park railway station|Treptower Park]], kaas oo ku yaal [[Berlin Ringbahn|Ringbahn]] waxaana u adeega khadadka [[S4X (Berlin)|S4]], [[S8 (Berlin)|S8]], [[S85 (Berlin)|S85]], iyo [[S9 (Berlin)|S9]]. [[bundesautobahn 100|Autobahn 100]] ayaa hadda ku dhammaata goobta iyada oo isgoys la leh Am Treptower Park. Qorshayaasha lagu sii wado dhismaha wadada ee kor u dhaafaya [[Spree (river)|Spree]] ee u jeeda [[Berlin Ostkreuz station|Ostkreuz]] ma laha taariikh bilow ah oo la saadaalin karo. ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Badeschiff]] * [[Molecule Man (art)|Molecule Man]] * [[Osthafen]] * [[Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)]] * [[Spreepark]] * [[Treptowers]] * [[Treptower Park]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Sawirro== <gallery widths=120> File:Berlin Insel der Jugend - Abteibrücke.jpg|Buundada loo maro ''[[Insel der Jugend]]'' ee [[Treptower Park]] File:Germany Spree bad kl1.jpg|[[Badeschiff]] </gallery> ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alt Treptow}} ohvc7atqgrvb6lre89pwz8cqnak0wyd 0 49299 302383 2026-07-15T07:39:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|32|N|14|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alt Tucheband in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |Amt = Golzow |elevation = 11 |area = 30.59 |postal_code = 15328 |area_code = 033472 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 009 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = |mayor = Thomas Kowalzik<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Waxaa la helay 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Alt Tucheband''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Sanadkii 1991 Alt Tucheband waxay ku biirtay bulshada maamulka Golzow, laga bilaabo 1992 xafiiska Golzow. Iyada oo la dhaqangelinayo 31 Diseembar 2001, degmooyinka Hathenow, Rathstock iyo Alt Tucheband ayaa si iskood ah ugu midoobay si ay u sameeyaan degmada hadda ee Alt Tucheband[5] iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-habaynta aagga degmada ee gobolka Brandenburg.<ref name="Amtsblatt">Bildung der neuen Gemeinde Alt Tucheband Bekanntmachung des Ministeriums des Innern Vom 17. Oktober 2001. Amtsblatt für Brandenburg Gemeinsames Ministerialblatt für das Land Brandenburg, 12. Jahrgang, 2001, Nummer 46, Potsdam, den 14. November 2001, S. 779 [https://bravors.brandenburg.de/br2/sixcms/media.php/76/Amtsblatt%2046_01.pdf PDF]</ref> == Dadka == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Alt Tucheband.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarka dadka tan iyo 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Khadka buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawlan: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi-ga; Asalka cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Alt Tucheband: Horumarka dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira (2013)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 2864 | 1890 | 2408 | 1910 | 1784 | 1925 | 2078 | 1933 | 1886 | 1939 | 1794 | 1946 | 1553 | 1950 | 2014 | 1964 | 1472 | 1971 | 1441 | 1981 | 1175 | 1985 | 1155 | 1989 | 1097 | 1990 | 1092 | 1991 | 1073 | 1992 | 1072 | 1993 | 1055 | 1994 | 1031 | 1995 | 1030 | 1996 | 1050 | 1997 | 1053 | 1998 | 1048 | 1999 | 1049 | 2000 | 1053 | 2001 | 1015 | 2002 | 1011 | 2003 | 1015 | 2004 | 1027 | 2005 | 1026 | 2006 | 973 | 2007 | 936 | 2008 | 927 | 2009 | 914 | 2010 | 886 | 2011 | 846 | 2012 | 811 | 2013 | 790 | 2014 | 760 | 2015 | 766 | 2016 | 793 }} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} tpvy2kx0ka05h89nn4e7xesyi1y3zl1 0 49300 302384 2026-07-15T07:40:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Alt Zachun COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|29|N|11|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Alt_Zachun_in_LUP.svg |image_photo = Alt Zachun Hauptstraße 2012-04-25 040.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Alt Zachun |state = |district = Ludwigslust-Parchim |Amt = Hagenow-Land |elevation = 37 |area = 8.43 |postal_code = 19230 |area_code = 038859 |licence = LUP, HGN, LBZ, LWL, PCH, STB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 76 002 |website = [http://www.amt-hagenow-land.de/ www.amt-hagenow-land.de] |mayor = Volker Klemz }} '''Alt Zachun''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ludwigslust-Parchim]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ef85qcij98s0os2fwsko5cq2kk4pxfv 0 49301 302385 2026-07-15T07:43:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Altdoebern.png |image_photo = Altdoebern castle.jpg |image_caption = Qasr |coordinates = {{coord|51|39|N|14|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altdöbern in OSL.svg |state = |district = Oberspreewald-Lausitz |Amt = Amt Altdöbern |elevation = 87 |area = 61.54 |postal_code = 03229 |area_code = 035434 |licence = OSL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 66 008 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.altdoebern.de/ www.altdoebern.de] |mayor = Peter Winzer<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Waxaa la helay 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = SPD }} '''Altdöbern''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltˌdøːbɐn}}, {{lit|Döbern-gii hore}}, oo ka duwan "[[:de:Neudöbern|Döbern-ga cusub]]"; {{langx|dsb|Stara Darbnja}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]], ee koonfurta [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == Altdöbern waxay ku taal [[Lower Lusatia]], laakiin kama tirsana aagga ay deggan yihiin [[Sorbs|Sorbian-ka]]. Muuqaalka dhulku waa mid fidsan oo ay ku badan yihiin kaymo waaweyn iyo [[Lusatian Lake District|harooyin cusub]] oo laga sameeyay haraadiga miinooyinka [[Open-pit mining|furan]] ee [[lignite]] tan iyo 1990-meeyadii. Mid ka mid ah kuwan waa 880 [[Hectare|ha]] (2200 acre) oo ballac ah ''Altdöberner See'', oo dhanka bari ka xigta magaalada. Daadadkeeda ayaa la qorsheeyay inay dhammaadaan 2020-meeyada. Degmada Altdöbern waxay kaloo ka kooban tahay degmooyinka [[Pritzen]], [[Peitzendorf]] iyo [[Chransdorf]] iyo tuulooyinka [[Ranzow]] iyo [[Reddern]]. Degmooyinka Altdöbern, [[Bronkow]], [[Luckaitztal]], [[Neupetershain|Neupetershain (Nowe Wiki)]] iyo [[Neu-Seeland]] ayaa si wada jir ah u sameeya degmada wadareedka [[Amt Altdöbern]]. == Dhaqanka iyo dhismaha == Qasriga [[baroque]] ee Altdöbern (''Schloss Altdöbern'') oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin beero (''Schlosspark'') ayaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ka xiga fagaaraha suuqa dhexe (''Markt''). Qasrigii ugu horreeyay waxaa la dhisay qarnigii 16-aad qaabkii [[renaissance]], laakiin markii dambe waxaa lagu beddelay dhisme cusub oo [[baroque]] ah oo ay ku jiraan waxyaabo [[rococo]] ah. Dayactir xooggan ayaa weli socda, laakiin gudaha qasriga ayaa la booqan karaa inta lagu jiro munaasabadaha gaarka ah sida dabbaaldegga beeraha ee sannadlaha ah (''Parksommerträume''). [[English landscape garden|Beerta muuqaalka]] ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban [[French formal garden|beero Faransiis]] yar iyo harada weyn ee ''Salzteich''. Kaniisadda [[Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia|Protestant]]-ka ee fagaaraha suuqa waxaa la dhisay oo kaliya 1918–1921, ka dib markii kaniisaddii hore ee dhexe ay gubatay 1914. Kaniisadaha kale ee Protestant-ka ayaa ka jira ''Pritzen'' iyo ''Reddern''. Kaniisad yar oo [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Görlitz|catholic]] ah ayaa ka jirta ''Waldstraße'' ee Altdöbern. <gallery> File:Altdöbern Eingangstor Schloss.jpg|Albaabka loo galo qasriga iyo beerta File:Altdöbern Schloss Rückseite.jpg|Muuqaalka gadaal ee Qasriga Altdöbern File:Orangerie schlosspark-altdöbern.JPG|Orangerie-gii hore ayaa maanta martigeliya maqaaxi File:Blick vom Kirchturm am Marktplatz in Altdöbern.jpg|Guryaha fagaaraha suuqa iyo harada oo gadaal laga arkayo File:Altdoebern church.jpg|Kaniisadda Protestant-ka </gallery> == Gaadiidka == Wadada gobolka L&nbsp;53 Altdöbern waxay ku xiran tahay [[Großräschen]] ([[Bundesstraße|B&nbsp;96]]) dhanka koonfureed iyo [[Calau]] dhanka waqooyi. Isgoysyada Autobahn-ka ee ugu dhow waa ''Freienhufen'' iyo ''Bronkow'' ee [[Bundesautobahn 13|A&nbsp;13 (Berlin–Dresden)]] iyo ''Cottbus-West'' ee [[Bundesautobahn 15|A&nbsp;15 (Berlin–Forst)]]. Saldhigga tareenka ''Haltepunkt Altdöbern'' ayaa bixiya xiriir goboleed oo loo maro [[Berlin]], [[Cottbus]] iyo [[Dresden]] (iyada oo loo sii marayo [[Senftenberg]]). == Taariikhda == Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1945, Altdöbern waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg|Gobolka Brandenburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Dadka == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Altdöbern.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarka dadka tan iyo 1875 xuduudaha hadda jira (Khadka buluuga ah: Dadweynaha; Khadka dhibcaha leh: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka cawlan: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi-ga; Asalka cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Altdöbern: Horumarka dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda jira (2013)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga heli karaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 2150 | 1890 | 2531 | 1910 | 3035 | 1925 | 2845 | 1933 | 2988 | 1939 | 2886 | 1946 | 3651 | 1950 | 3797 | 1964 | 4694 | 1971 | 4329 | 1981 | 3751 | 1985 | 3710 | 1989 | 3579 | 1990 | 3548 | 1991 | 3457 | 1992 | 3658 | 1993 | 3771 | 1994 | 3741 | 1995 | 3415 | 1996 | 3418 | 1997 | 3430 | 1998 | 3403 | 1999 | 3367 | 2000 | 3292 | 2001 | 3175 | 2002 | 3148 | 2003 | 3108 | 2004 | 3029 | 2005 | 2977 | 2006 | 2923 | 2007 | 2854 | 2008 | 2835 | 2009 | 2770 | 2010 | 2694 | 2011 | 2660 | 2012 | 2605 | 2013 | 2550 | 2014 | 2531 | 2015 | 2527 | 2016 | 2518 | 2020 | 2385 }} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.gemeinde-altdoebern.de/ Website-ka rasmiga ah ee degmada Altdöbern] (Jarmal) * [http://www.amt-altdoebern.de/ Website-ka rasmiga ah ee degmada wadareedka ''Amt Altdöbern''] (Jarmal) * [http://www.schloesser-gmbh.de/01-altdoebern-en.php ''Qasriga Altdöbern'' ee Maamulka Qasriga Brandenburg] (Ingiriis) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altdobern}} fkbq42jncezkbnzokdbd7fay3tq0jl5 0 49302 302386 2026-07-15T07:44:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altefähr COA.png |image_photo = Altefaehrhouses.jpg |image_caption = Guryaha dhaqanka ee Altefähr (oo leh saqafyo qoryo ah) |coordinates = {{coord|54|19|48|N|13|07|35|E|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altefähr in VR.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = West-Rügen |elevation = 3 |area = 20.59 |postal_code = 18573 |area_code = 038306 |licence = RÜG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 003 |website = |mayor = Ingulf Donig }} '''Altefähr''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:Altefähr (2011-05-21).JPG|thumb|left|Altefähr (2011)]] ==Gaadiidka== * [[Altefähr railway station]] waxaa u adeega adeegyada maxalliga ah ee u dhexeeya [[Rostock]], [[Stralsund]] iyo [[Sassnitz]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.altefaehr.de/ Website-ka rasmiga ah ee Altefähr] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altefahr}} mgir30de6dbn1mekqv9rtmai8ugpbic 0 49303 302387 2026-07-15T07:46:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Alteglofsheim COA.svg |image_photo = Kapelle Nepomuk Alteglofsheim 01.jpg |image_caption = Fagaaraha kaniisadda oo ay ku yaallaan Chapel of Saint John of Nepomuk iyo Kaniisadda Saint Lawrence |coordinates = {{coord|48|55|12|N|12|12|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alteglofsheim in R.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Regensburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Alteglofsheim |elevation = 364 |area = 13.23 |postal_code = 93087 |area_code = 09453 |licence = R |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 75 113 |website = [http://www.alteglofsheim.de www.alteglofsheim.de] |mayor = Herbert Heidingsfelder<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Alteglofsheim''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Tuuladu waxay ahayd goob lagu qabtay hawlgal caan ah oo dhanka fardoleyda ah habeenkii [[Battle of Eckmühl|Dagaalkii Eckmühl]] 22 Abriil 1809. Koonfurta Alteglofsheim, 32 kooxood oo fardoleyda [[Austrian Empire|Boqortooyada Awstariya]] ah ayaa waxaa ka adkaaday ilaa 60 kooxood oo fardoleyd ah oo ka tirsan [[First French Empire|Boqortooyada Faransiiska]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]], iyo [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Boqortooyada Württemberg]].<ref>[[Francis Loraine Petre|Petre, F. Loraine]]. ''Napoleon and the Archduke Charles''. New York: Hippocrene Books, (1909) 1976. 180-181</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} mlplm1ago3obfodt7tesjfd8nhzi9l2 0 49304 302388 2026-07-15T07:49:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |name = Altena |image_photo = Burg Altena.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Muuqaalka [[Altena Castle|Qasriga Altena]] ee Sebtembar 2008 |image_coa = DEU Altena COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|18|N|07|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altena in MK.svg |state = |region = Arnsberg |district = Märkischer Kreis |elevation = 145 - 511 |area = 44.42 |postal_code = 58741–58762 |area_code = 02352 |licence = MK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 62 004 |divisions = 7 |website = [http://www.altena.de/ www.altena.de] |mayor = Guido Thal |leader_term = 2025&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Altena''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltəna|}}; {{langx|wep|Altenoa}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Märkischer Kreis]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Qasriga magaalada ayaa ah asalkii u ahaa [[Dukes of Berg|Dukes-kii Berg]] ee dambe. Altena waxay ku taal dooxada webiga [[Lenne]], oo ku taal qaybaha waqooyi ee [[Sauerland]]. ==Taariikhda== {{stack|[[File:Burg Altena Morgendunst.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Altena]]}} [[Altena Castle|Qasriga Altena]] waxaa la dhisay bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad, isagoo ah qalcad ay lahaayeen [[Counts of Berg|Counts-kii Berg]] ee hore. Muddo yar ka dib tuulo ayaa la aasaasay iyadoo ku taal hoosta buurta, oo leh qasriga oo ku teedsan webiga [[Lenne]], kaas oo ku milma webiga [[Ruhr]]. Ka dib qaybintii hantida qoyska Berg ee 1161, Altena waxay noqotay xarunta Degmada Altena. Count-kii ugu horreeyay ee Altena wuxuu noqday [[Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena|Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena]]. Sannadkii 1180, ka dib dhimashadii Count-kii ugu horreeyay, degmada waxaa loo qaybiyay labadii wiil ee ugu waaweynaa: Arnold of Altena iyo Friedrich of Altena. Wiilkii saddexaad, Adolf of Altena, wuxuu noqday [[Archbishop of Cologne|Archbishop-ka Cologne]]. Arnold waxaa la siiyay kala bar Qasriga iyo Degmada Altena, Qasriga Hövel iyo qaar ka mid ah hantida oo ah xukunka Archbishop-ka Cologne iyo bailiwicks ee Abbey Essen. Meel u dhow Tuulada iyo Qasriga Hövel, wuxuu dhisay Qasriga iyo magaalada Nienbrügge (Novus Ponte) oo ku taal bangiyada webiga [[Lippe (river)|Lippe]]. Laanta qoyskiisa ayaa isu beddelay magac ka dib markii ay iibiyeen kala barkoodii Altena oo ay siiyeen Archbishop-ka Cologne sida ''de Nienbrügge'' ama ''de Novus Ponte'', deggenaanshahooda cusub ee ugu weyn oo qiyaastii afartan kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi ah. Dhaxalka Arnold wuxuu ahaa Friedrich de Novus Ponte (Nienbrügge) kaas oo cinwaankiisa u beddelay Isenberg ka dib qasriga cusub ee [[Hattingen]]. Waxaa lagu xukumay dhimasho isagoo ah madaxa shirqool lagu dilayo Engelbert I. Archbishop-ka Cologne, Chancellor-ka Boqortooyada Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka, Duke of Westphalia iyo Count of Berg, qaraabo dhow, sannadkii 1226. Archbishop-ka ayaa lagu soo gaaday wadada uu kaga yimid Magaaladiisii Soest ilaa Magaalada Cologne isagoo ay wadaan Friedrich iyo raggiisa meel u dhow [[Gevelsberg]] waddo godan ah. Labaduba waxay isku haysteen xukunka [[Essen Abbey]]. Laanta yaryar ee Counts-ka Altena, waxaa aasaasay Friedrich de Altena. Waxaa la siiyay kala barka kale ee Altena iyo vassal walaalkiis Archbishop-ka Cologne. Sannadkii ama ku dhowaad 1170 wuxuu iibsaday ''Oberhof Mark'' ama waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Archbishop-ka. Oberhof wuxuu ahaa manor maayar aan lahayn qalcado tuulada Mark, inta u dhaxaysa webiyada Lippe iyo Ahse oo ka yar shan kiiloomitir dhanka bari ee [[Nienbrügge Castle]] iyo qiyaastii toddobo kiiloomitir koonfur-bari ee [[Hövel Castle]]. Maanta, qiyaastii 1,5 kiiloomitir dhanka bari ee xarunta magaalada [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]]. Ka hor ama sannadkii 1198 wuxuu dhisay Qasriga Mark. Wiilkiisa Adolf I. wuxuu isu magacaabay 1202 ''puer comes de marca'' wuxuuna noqday [[Count of Mark|Count-kii ugu horreeyay ee Mark]]. Mararka qaarkood wuxuu isticmaali jiray cinwaankii hore ee Altena oo lagu daray Mark. Degganaanshihiisa ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa Qasriga Mark. Ka dib dilkii ina-adeerkii Friedrich de Isenberg ee Cologne, wuxuu burburiyay Qasriga Neinbruegge wuxuuna la wareegay hantidii laantii qoyska ee sare. Ka dib 1202, Qasriga Altena wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dhowr qalcado oo ay lahayd qoyska Altena-Mark. Intii lagu guda jiray khilaaf 1323 u dhexeeya [[Prince-Bishop of Münster|Prince-Bishop-ka Münster]] iyo Count-ka Mark, Bishop-ka waa la qabtay waxaana lagu hayay madax furasho gudaha Altena. Sannadkii 1367 degitaankii hoosta qasriga wuxuu helay xuquuq xaddidan oo magaalo ah iyada oo loo marayo Engelbert III. Count de la Mark. Tan iyo 1392 Altena waxay ahaan jirtay kaliya xarunta bailiff-ka ee bailiwick Altena. Qasriga waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali jiray kayd dukumiintiyo iyo shatiyo loogu talagalay degmada. Sannadkii 1609, Count-kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu dhintay isagoon carruur dhalin. Boqortooyadiisa, [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]] waxaa loo qaybiyay qayb Katoolik ah iyo mid Protestant ah. [[Duchy of Cleves|Duchy-ga Cleves]] iyo degmooyinka Mark iyo Ravensberg, iyo Dominion-ka Ravenstein waxaa dhaxlay [[Prince-elector|Elector-ka]] Protestant-ka ee Boqortooyada Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka, [[Margrave of Brandenburg]], iyo Duke of Prussia Johann Sigismund oo ka tirsan [[Hohenzollern]]. [[Duchy of Jülich-Berg|Duchy-ga Jülich-Berg]] ee Katoolikada waxaa dhaxlay [[Count Palatine|Count Palatine]] Wolfgang Wilhelm oo ka tirsan Neuburg. Intii lagu guda jiray qabsashadii [[Napoleon|Napoleonic]] ee Rhineland iyo Westphalia, Altena waxaa dib loogu biiriyay [[Grand Duchy of Berg]] oo hadda kor loo qaaday. Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], Degmada Mark waxaa lagu daray Boqortooyada Prussia waxaana dib loo habeeyay sidii degmo ([[Districts of Germany|Kreis]]) iyo degmada dawladda ([[Regierungsbezirk]]). Altena waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Regierungsbezirk Hamm waxayna ahayd xarunta Kreis Altena. Sannadkii 1815 Dawladdu waxay u rartay meelaha degganaanshaha laga bilaabo [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]] ilaa [[Arnsberg]], waxayna u beddeshay magaca [[Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg]]. Bilowgii sannadkii 1969, [[Kreis Altena]] iyo magaalada [[Lüdenscheid]] ayaa lagu midoobay si ay u sameeyaan Kreis Lüdenscheid cusub. Lüdenscheid waxay noqotay xarunta cusub ee maamulka ee degmada. Kaliya lix sano ka dib [[Kreis Lüdenscheid]] ayaa dib loo habeeyay oo la ballaariyay. Xusuusta Degmada Mark waxaa loo beddelay [[Märkischer Kreis]]. Bishii Maajo 2017, Chancellor [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]] waxay siisay Duqa Altena Andreas Hollstein "Abaalmarinta Qaranka ee Isdhexgalka" qaadashada 370 qaxooti, tusaale ahaan 100 ka badan tirada qasabka ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-honors-town-for-successfully-assimilating-refugees/a-38873446|title=Jarmalka oo sharfay magaalo si guul leh ugu milmeen qaxootiga &#124; DW &#124; 17.05.2017|website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref> Lix bilood ka dib, in kasta oo Duqa magaalada Hollstein uu mindi ku dhuftay nin mindi watay oo la sheegay inuu ka xumaaday siyaasaddiisa socdaalka, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu kor u qaado siyaasadaha looga golleeyahay in lagu caawiyo qaxootiga inay ku milmaan magaalada.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Griff Witte |title=Wuu ka badbaaday mindi. Hadda duqan Jarmal ah ayaa si adag u diiddan inuu dib uga noqdo qaxootiga. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/he-survived-a-stabbing-now-this-german-mayor-is-defiantly-refusing-to-back-down-on-refugees/2017/12/17/ec122dd6-df52-11e7-b2e9-8c636f076c76_story.html |access-date=11 June 2018 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=17 December 2017 |quote=Wuxuu ahaa harraadsan, ayuu yiri, markii uu mindi hilible oo cag dhan uu saaray cunaha duqa magaalada. Laakiin halkii uu ka caawin lahaa Jarmalkiisa, duqa magaalada wuxuu qaatay boqollaal qaxooti ah.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/man-on-trial-for-knife-attack-on-altena-mayor-andreas-hollstein/a-43873865|title = Nin maxkamad u taagan weerar mindi ah oo lagu qaaday Duqa Altena Andreas Hollstein &#124; DW &#124; 22.05.2018| website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref> ==Siyaasadda== Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Guido Thal oo ka tirsan [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]. Intii lagu guda jiray [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|doorashooyinkii maxalliga ahaa ee 2025]] wuxuu helay 63,1 % codadkii.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis |url=https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2025/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=247&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_17 |date=2025-09-28|access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wahlen.kommunale.it |language=de}}</ref> ===Golaha Magaalada=== Ka dib doorashooyinkii 2025, golaha [[Stadtrat|magaalada]] Altena wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan: {{election table}} ! colspan=2| Xisbiga ! Codadka ! % ! +/- ! Kuraasta ! +/- |- | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) | 3,161 | 50.5 | {{increase}} 4.5 | 17 | {{increase}} 2 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) | 1,535 | 24.5 | {{increase}} 3.2 | 8 | {{increase}} 1 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| | align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne) | 709 | 11.3 | {{decrease}} 6.3 | 3 | {{decrease}} 3 |- | bgcolor=#646464| | align=left| Beddelka Bulshada iyo Dimuqraadiga ee Altena (SDA) | 556 | 8.9 | {{increase}} 2.9 | 3 | {{increase}} 1 |- | bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| | align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] (Die Linke) | 304 | 4.9 | {{increase}} 0.3 | 1 | ±0 |- ! colspan=2| Codadka saxda ah ! 6,265 ! 96.0 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Codadka aan sax ahayn ! 258 ! 4.0 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Wadarta ! 6,523 ! 100.0 ! ! 32 ! ±0 |- ! colspan=2| Tirada dadka dooran kara/ka qaybgalka ! 13,395 ! 48.7 ! ! ! |- | colspan=7| Xigasho: [https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2025/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=249&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_17 Magaalada Altena] |} ===Duqa Magaalada=== * Abriil 1945 – Ogosto 1945 Fritz Berg<ref name="BM">{{Cite web |url=http://www.altena.de/Buergermeister-und-Hauptverwaltungsbeamte-der-Stad.973.0.html |title=Bürgermeister der Stadt Altena (Westf.) |access-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206205258/http://www.altena.de/Buergermeister-und-Hauptverwaltungsbeamte-der-Stad.973.0.html |archive-date=2015-02-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ogosto 1945 – Maarso 1946 Friedrich Heyne<ref name="BM" /> * Sebtembar 1946 – Nofeembar 1952 Hermann Voß<ref name="BM" /> * Nofeembar 1952 – Oktoobar 1956 Gustav Trappe<ref name="BM" /> * Nofeembar 1956 – Janaayo 1957 Hermann Voß<ref name="BM" /> * Janaayo 1957 – Maarso 1961 Heinrich Malkus<ref name="BM" /> * Maarso 1961 – Maarso 1969 Gustav Trappe<ref name="BM" /> * Abriil 1969 – Abriil 1970 Friedhelm Halfmeier (SPD)<ref name="BM" /> * Abriil 1970 – Sebtembar 1999 Günter Topmann (SPD)<ref name="BM" /> * Sebtembar 1999 - Oktober 2020 Andreas Hollstein (CDU)<ref name="BM" /> * Nofeembar 2020 – Nofeembar 2025 Uwe Kober (CDU)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergebnis |url=https://wahlen.kommunale.it/production/kw2020/05962004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=133&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_17 |date=2021-12-01|access-date=2026-02-28 |website=wahlen.kommunale.it |language=de}}</ref> * tan iyo Nofeembar 2025 Guido Thal (CDU) ==Horumarka dadweynaha== Tirada dadka (31 Diseembar) {| width="50%" | valign="top" | * 1900 – 12,766 * 1930 – 16,415 * 1945 – 19,937 * 1960 – 23,914 * 1970 – 32,006 * 1978 – 25,015<ref name="Kommunalprofil">Information und Technik NRW, Geschäftsbereich Statistik ''[http://www.it.nrw.de/kommunalprofil/l05962004.pdf Kommunalprofil der Stadt Altena] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531221140/http://www.it.nrw.de/kommunalprofil/l05962004.pdf |date=2014-05-31 }} (PDF; 222&nbsp;kB).'' 18. Diseembar 2009.</ref> * 1980 – 24,565 * 1985 – 22,207 * 1990 – 24,043 * 1995 – 24,026 | valign="top" | * 1998 – 23,077<ref name="Kommunalprofil" /> * 2000 – 22,215 * 2002 – 21,404 * 2003 – 21,126<ref name="Kommunalprofil" /> * 2004 – 20,805 * 2006 – 20,001 * 2008 – 19,252<ref name="Kommunalprofil" /> * 2010 – 18,277 * 2012 – 17,869 * 2014 – 17,595 |} ==Goobaha xiisaha leh== [[File:Burg Altena Tower.jpg|150px|thumb|Burg Altena]] Soojiidashada ugu weyn ee magaalada waa qasriga: ''[[Altena Castle|Burg Altena]]''. Ka dib markii aan la isticmaalin qarniyo badan waxay ahayd burbur, in kasta oo qayb ka mid ah dhismayaasha loo isticmaali jiray cusbitaal. Dib-u-habayn dhammaystiran ayaa la sameeyay 1909 si loogu dabbaaldego sannad-guuradii 300-aad ee ku-biirintii Prussia ee [[county of Mark|degmada Mark]] ee Prussia (Brandenburg). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan shaqada ma dhammayn ka hor 1914; dabbaaldegyada ayaa markaas lagu qabtay Qasriga [[Hohensyburg]]. Sannadkii 1912 [[youth hostel|hoygii dhalinyarada]] ugu horreeyay ee adduunka waxaa abuuray [[Richard Schirrmann]] gudaha qasriga. Qolalkii hore ayaa weli la soo bandhigaa, qolal cusub oo ku dhex yaalla aagga qasriga ayaa weli qayb ka ah hoyga maanta. Warshadaha ugu badan ee Altena waxay ahayd soo saarista siligga, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay madxaf loogu talagalay warshadan oo kaliya, ''Drahtmuseum''. ==Calanka magaalada== Calanka magaalada wuxuu muujinayaa [[Catherine of Alexandria]], oo ahayd ilaaliyaha kaniisadda la dhisay 1310. Waxaa lagu sawiray seef iyo giraangir, maadaama la dilay 307 labadan shay. Doorashada ilaaliyaha waxay dib ugu noqonaysaa nidar uu sameeyay Count [[Engelbert III of the Mark|Engelbert III ee Mark]] kaas oo lagu sameeyay meeshii lagu aasay Catherine ee Yeruusaalem. [[Fess|Giraangirta]] casaanka iyo caddaanka ah ee la hubiyay waxay tilmaamaysaa calanka Counts-ka Mark. Calanka magaaladdu waa mid aad u duug ah: shaabaddii qarnigii 15-aad ayaa horeyba u muujinaysay isla walxaha. Naqshadeeda hadda waxaa abuuray [[Otto Hupp]] 1938. ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Altena waa [[Sister city|mataano]] la leh:<ref name=twins>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte und Patenschaften|url=https://www.altena.de/buerger-rathaus/unsere-stadt/partnerstaedte/patenschaften/|website=altena.de|publisher=Altena|language=de|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackburn]], England, Boqortooyada Midowday (1972) *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Péronne, Somme|Péronne]], Faransiiska (1967) *{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Pinsk]], Belarus (1990) ===Magaalada saaxiibtinimada=== Altena waa magaalo saaxiibtinimo la leh:<ref name=twins/> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Owensville, Missouri|Owensville]], Maraykanka (2005) ==Dadka caanka ah== [[File:Fritz Heinemann 1.jpg|thumb|170px|Fritz Heinemann]] * Fritz Berg (1901–1979), madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Xiriirka Warshadaha Jarmalka ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] * Herbert Berg (1910–1938), darawal orod * [[Jason Dark]] (dhashay 1945), magaca been-abuurka ah ee qoraaga [[Jason Dark|Helmut Rellergerd]] * [[Fritz Heinemann (artist)|Fritz Heinemann]] (1864–1932), sawir-qaade * [[Friedrich Sieburg]] (1893–1964), naqdiye suugaaneed, saxafi iyo qoraa ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons}} * [http://www.altena.de Website-ka rasmiga ah] (Jarmal) * [http://www.burg-altena.de Website-ka rasmiga ah ee Burg Altena] (Jarmal) * [http://altena-owensville.org/ Naadiga Jarmalka ee Maraykanka] (Jarmal/Ingiriis) {{Authority control}} ocatarnzj2gy13q8cmn6tidsqazqgqw 0 49305 302389 2026-07-15T07:52:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altenahr COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|03|N|06|59|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenahr in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenahr |elevation = 170 |area = 14.84 |postal_code = 53502–53505 |area_code = 02643 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 003 |divisions = 4 |website = {{url|https://www.altenahr-ahr.de/}} |mayor = Rüdiger Fuhrmann<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Altenahr''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltn̩.ʔaːɐ̯|lang}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waa xarunta maamulka ee [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenahr|degmada wadaagga ah ee magaceeda], taas oo ay ka tirsan tahay. Altenahr waa [[dalxiis]] ay dawladdu aqoonsatay waxaana loo aqoonsaday inay tahay ''[[Grundzentrum]]'' ujeedooyin qorshaynta dawladda ah.<ref name="regionaldaten">[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/MeineHeimat/zeitreihe.aspx?l=3&id=3537&key=0713102003&kmaid=292&zmaid=1001&topic=2047&subject=20 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz - Regional data]</ref> == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Altenahr waxay ku taal webiga [[Ahr]], dhinaca waqooyi-bari ee [[Ahr Hills]]. waa qayb ka mid ah buuraha [[Eifel]], qiyaastii 10 kiiloomitir galbeedka [[Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler]] iyo qiyaastii 35 kiiloomitir koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bonn]]. === Habka maamulka === Degmada Altenahr waxay ka kooban tahay xaafadaha soo socda: Altenahr, Altenburg, Kreuzberg iyo Reimerzhoven. === Degmooyinka dariska la ah === Altenahr waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka dariska la ah ee soo socda, oo loo qoray dhinaca saacadda laga bilaabo waqooyiga: [[Kalenborn (bei Altenahr)|Kalenborn]], [[Grafschaft (Rheinland)|Grafschaft]], [[Mayschoß]], [[Ahrbrück]], [[Lind (bei Altenahr)|Lind]] iyo [[Berg (bei Ahrweiler)|Berg]]. === Cimilada === [[Roobka]] sanadlaha ah waa 668 mm kaas oo ku jira saddexda dhexe ee akhriska loo ururiyey Jarmalka guud ahaan. 34% ka mid ah saldhigyada cimilada ee [[German Meteorological Service]] ayaa diiwaangeliya qiyamka hoose. Bisha ugu engegan waa Febraayo, qadarka ugu badan ee roobka wuxuu da'aa Luulyo; 1.6 jeer tan Febraayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guud ahaan heerka roobku wuu kala duwan yahay wax yar waxaana loo qaybiyaa si siman sanadka oo dhan. Kaliya 13% saldhigyada cimilada ayaa diiwaangeliya kala duwanaansho xilliyeed hoose. Magaalada ayaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba quustay intii lagu jiray [[2021 European floods|daadadkii Yurub ee 2021]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/flooding-in-germany-before-and-after-images-from-the-ahr-and-eifel-regions/a-58299008 Flooding in Germany: Before and after images from the Ahr and Eifel regions]. Deutsche Welle. 17 Jul 2021.</ref> == Taariikhda == Altenahr waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 893 [[Prüm Urbar]]. === Isku-daridda === 7 Juun 1969 degmadii madaxbannaanayd ee Kreuzberg, oo leh 560 qof, ayaa lagu daray Altenahr.<ref name="StLaAmt">[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165403/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |date=2011-07-18 }}, bogagga 168, 177 (pdf; 2.1 MB)</ref> === Kobaca dadweynaha === Kobaca dadweynaha Altenahr ee la xidhiidha aagga degmada ee maanta; qiyamka laga bilaabo 1871 ilaa 1987 waxay ku salaysan yihiin tirakoobyo:<ref name="regionaldaten" /><ref>{{Population Germany|key=07|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> {| border="0" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0em;" ! Sannad || Dadweynaha |- | 1815 || align="right" | 893 |- | 1835 || align="right" | 1,066 |- | 1871 || align="right" | 1,140 |- | 1905 || align="right" | 1,305 |- | 1939 || align="right" | 1,737 |- | 1950 || align="right" | 1,915 |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0em;" ! Sannad || Dadweynaha |- | 1961 || align="right" | 2,032 |- | 1970 || align="right" | 2,101 |- | 1987 || align="right" | 1,758 |- | 1997 || align="right" | 1,774 |- | 2005 || align="right" | 1,668 |- | {{Population Germany year|DE-RP}} || align="right" | {{Population Germany|key=07131003}} |} |} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Altenahr 002-.jpg|Altenahr, sawir hawada laga qaaday, 2015 Image:Altenahr 1900.jpg|Sawirka Altenahr qiyaastii 1900 </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1sael41co34uaatfa8namuun7780kt2 302390 302389 2026-07-15T07:52:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altenahr COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|31|03|N|06|59|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenahr in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenahr |elevation = 170 |area = 14.84 |postal_code = 53502–53505 |area_code = 02643 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 003 |divisions = 4 |website = {{url|https://www.altenahr-ahr.de/}} |mayor = Rüdiger Fuhrmann<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Altenahr''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltn̩.ʔaːɐ̯|lang}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waa xarunta maamulka ee [[Verbandsgemeinde Altenahr|degmada wadaagga ah ee magaceeda]], taas oo ay ka tirsan tahay. Altenahr waa [[dalxiis]] ay dawladdu aqoonsatay waxaana loo aqoonsaday inay tahay ''[[Grundzentrum]]'' ujeedooyin qorshaynta dawladda ah.<ref name="regionaldaten">[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/MeineHeimat/zeitreihe.aspx?l=3&id=3537&key=0713102003&kmaid=292&zmaid=1001&topic=2047&subject=20 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz - Regional data]</ref> == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Altenahr waxay ku taal webiga [[Ahr]], dhinaca waqooyi-bari ee [[Ahr Hills]]. waa qayb ka mid ah buuraha [[Eifel]], qiyaastii 10 kiiloomitir galbeedka [[Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler]] iyo qiyaastii 35 kiiloomitir koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bonn]]. === Habka maamulka === Degmada Altenahr waxay ka kooban tahay xaafadaha soo socda: Altenahr, Altenburg, Kreuzberg iyo Reimerzhoven. === Degmooyinka dariska la ah === Altenahr waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka dariska la ah ee soo socda, oo loo qoray dhinaca saacadda laga bilaabo waqooyiga: [[Kalenborn (bei Altenahr)|Kalenborn]], [[Grafschaft (Rheinland)|Grafschaft]], [[Mayschoß]], [[Ahrbrück]], [[Lind (bei Altenahr)|Lind]] iyo [[Berg (bei Ahrweiler)|Berg]]. === Cimilada === [[Roobka]] sanadlaha ah waa 668 mm kaas oo ku jira saddexda dhexe ee akhriska loo ururiyey Jarmalka guud ahaan. 34% ka mid ah saldhigyada cimilada ee [[German Meteorological Service]] ayaa diiwaangeliya qiyamka hoose. Bisha ugu engegan waa Febraayo, qadarka ugu badan ee roobka wuxuu da'aa Luulyo; 1.6 jeer tan Febraayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guud ahaan heerka roobku wuu kala duwan yahay wax yar waxaana loo qaybiyaa si siman sanadka oo dhan. Kaliya 13% saldhigyada cimilada ayaa diiwaangeliya kala duwanaansho xilliyeed hoose. Magaalada ayaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba quustay intii lagu jiray [[2021 European floods|daadadkii Yurub ee 2021]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/flooding-in-germany-before-and-after-images-from-the-ahr-and-eifel-regions/a-58299008 Flooding in Germany: Before and after images from the Ahr and Eifel regions]. Deutsche Welle. 17 Jul 2021.</ref> == Taariikhda == Altenahr waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 893 [[Prüm Urbar]]. === Isku-daridda === 7 Juun 1969 degmadii madaxbannaanayd ee Kreuzberg, oo leh 560 qof, ayaa lagu daray Altenahr.<ref name="StLaAmt">[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165403/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf |date=2011-07-18 }}, bogagga 168, 177 (pdf; 2.1 MB)</ref> === Kobaca dadweynaha === Kobaca dadweynaha Altenahr ee la xidhiidha aagga degmada ee maanta; qiyamka laga bilaabo 1871 ilaa 1987 waxay ku salaysan yihiin tirakoobyo:<ref name="regionaldaten" /><ref>{{Population Germany|key=07|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> {| border="0" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0em;" ! Sannad || Dadweynaha |- | 1815 || align="right" | 893 |- | 1835 || align="right" | 1,066 |- | 1871 || align="right" | 1,140 |- | 1905 || align="right" | 1,305 |- | 1939 || align="right" | 1,737 |- | 1950 || align="right" | 1,915 |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0em;" ! Sannad || Dadweynaha |- | 1961 || align="right" | 2,032 |- | 1970 || align="right" | 2,101 |- | 1987 || align="right" | 1,758 |- | 1997 || align="right" | 1,774 |- | 2005 || align="right" | 1,668 |- | {{Population Germany year|DE-RP}} || align="right" | {{Population Germany|key=07131003}} |} |} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Altenahr 002-.jpg|Altenahr, sawir hawada laga qaaday, 2015 Image:Altenahr 1900.jpg|Sawirka Altenahr qiyaastii 1900 </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rmxozlu8oqiee7h07q6stw6731qkv9m 0 49306 302391 2026-07-15T07:56:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Altenbamberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|47|12|N|07|49|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenbamberg in KH.svg |state = |district = Bad Kreuznach |Verbandsgemeinde = Bad Kreuznach |elevation = 130 |area = 7.53 |postal_code = 55585 |area_code = 06708 |licence = KH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 33 003 |mayor = Holger Markus Conrad<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Kreuznach], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 2 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Altenbamberg''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc degmo wadaag ah – oo ku taal [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|degmada Bad Kreuznach]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Bad Kreuznach (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Bad Kreuznach]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Bad Kreuznach|magaalada isku magaca ah]]. ==Juqraafi== ===Goobta=== Tuulada madadaalada ee Altenbamberg waxay ku taal dooxada [[Alsenz (river)|Alsenz]] oo ku taal cirifka [[North Palatine Uplands]] joog dhan 130 m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Aagga degmadu wuxuu cabbiraa 753 ha, kaas oo 286.5 ha uu yahay kayn, 50 ha waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[winegrowing|beeridda canabka]] ([[vineyard|beero canab ah]]) iyo 226 ha waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[agriculture|beerashada]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Location |access-date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> ===Degmooyinka dariska la ah=== Altenbamberg waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi magaalada [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]], dhanka waqooyi-bari magaalada [[Bad Kreuznach]], dhanka bari degmooyinka [[Frei-Laubersheim]] iyo [[Fürfeld]], dhanka koonfureed degmada [[Hochstätten]] iyo dhanka galbeed degmada [[Feilbingert]]. ==Taariikhda== Qaybta cidhiidhiga ah ee dooxada Alsenz ee Altenbamberg hadda ay ku taal waxaa la og yahay in la degganaa xataa [[Prehistory|waagii hore]]. [[Stone Age|Da'dii Dhagaxa]] [[Archaeology|qadiimiga ah]] ee laga helay aagga Altenbamberg iyo [[Neu-Bamberg]] ayaa bixiyay tilmaamo ku saabsan degitaan halkan ka dhacay [[New Stone Age|Da'dii Dhagaxa Cusub]]. Raadadka guryaha [[Bronze Age|Da'dii Naxaasta]] ayaa laga xaqiijiyay isla aaggan iyo sidoo kale meel u dhow [[Frei-Laubersheim]] iyo [[Siefersheim]] (kan dambe wuxuu ku yaal degmada dariska la ah ee [[Alzey-Worms]]). Waxaa la qaadan karaa in guryaha Da'dii Naxaasta ay si cufan uga wakiil ahaayeen gobolka Waqooyi [[Palatinate (region)|Palatine]]-[[Rhenish Hesse|Rhenish-Hessian]]. Sannadkii 1903, meel u dhow Schäferplacken (aag kayn ah) oo ku dhex yaal xuduudaha Altenbamberg, qodis qadiimi ah oo ku taal ''Hünengräber'' ("Qabuuraha Huns" – dhab ahaan [[Tumulus|barrows]]) ayaa lagu sameeyay xamaasad weyn. Waxa laga soo saaray hawlgalkan waxay ahaayeen [[grave goods|alaab qabri]] kuwaas oo aad muhiim ugu ahaa xaqiijinta joogitaanka dhaqanka [[Iron Age|Da'dii Birta]] ee aagga ilaa 750 ilaa 15 BC.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=History |access-date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> Tan iyo bilowgii, taariikhda Altenbamberg waxay ku xidhnayd [[castle|qasriga]], [[Altenbaumburg]]. Qasrigan, oo markii ugu horreysay lagu sheegay dukumenti 1129, wuxuu ahaa xarun u ah safka [[Raugraves]], farcanka [[Emichones]], kuwaas oo laga soo bilaabo 960 ahaa tirinta [[Nahegau]]. Magaca tuulada wax shaqo ah kuma laha magaalada [[Franconia]] ee [[Bamberg]], laakiin waxay ka soo jeedaa magaca qasriga. Magacyo kale oo tuuladu u bixisay qarniyadii: * 1140: ''Bomeneburg'' * 1181: ''Boumburg'' * 1186: ''Boimeneburg'' * 1325: ''Burg Alten-Beymborg'' * 1391: ''Alten-Beimborg'' * 1394: ''Alten Beumburg'' * 1412: ''Alten Beinborg'' * 1429: ''Altenbeymburg'' * 1444: ''Alten Baymberg'' * 1518: ''Altenbaumburg'' * 1528: ''Altenbeymburg'' * 1681: ''Altenbaumberg'' * 1828: ''Altenbamberg'' * 1837: ''Altenbaumberg'' Sannadkii 1798, natiijadii dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]], Altenbamberg waxay iska aragtay [[Departments of France|Waaxda]] [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (ama Donnersberg ee [[German language|Jarmal]]).<ref name="History"/> Ka dib [[Congress of Vienna]], Altenbamberg waxay u gudubtay [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]] halkaas oo ay qayb ka noqotay ''Rheinkreis'', sida boqortooyadu u yeedhay [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]], taas oo hadda ah [[exclave|dhul-baxsan]] Bavaria. Tuuladu waxay la joogtay [[Bavaria]] ilaa dhammaadkii [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]]. Dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], Altenbamberg waxaa loo wareejiyay 1969 laga soo bilaabo Rockenhausen [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] (oo iyadu kala dirtay) ilaa [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|degmada Bad Kreuznach]], oo ay maanta ku taal. Marka la eego ururka kaniisadaha, Altenbamberg waxay ka tirsan tahay sidii hore [[Evangelical Church of the Palatinate]] iyo [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer]]. ===Kobaca dadweynaha=== Shaxdu waxay muujinaysaa kobaca dadweynaha ee Altenbamberg. Tirooyinka ku jira shaxda laga bilaabo 1871 ilaa 1987 waxay ku salaysan yihiin [[census|tirakoobyo]]:<ref name="regionaldaten">[http://www.infothek.statistik.rlp.de/neu/MeineHeimat/detailInfo.aspx?topic=2047&ID=3537&key=0713302003&l=3 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Regionaldaten]</ref> {| border="0" | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannad !! Dadka |- | 1815 || align="right" | 343 |- | 1835 || align="right" | 465 |- | 1871 || align="right" | 559 |- | 1905 || align="right" | 608 |- | 1939 || align="right" | 573 |} | valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" ! Sannad !! Dadka |- | 1950 || align="right" | 678 |- | 1961 || align="right" | 617 |- | 1970 || align="right" | 684 |- | 1987 || align="right" | 646 |- | 2005 || align="right" | 806 |} |} ==Diinta== Sida 31 Ogosto 2013, waxaa jira 739 oo degganayaal waqti-buuxa ah oo Altenbamberg ah, kuwaasna, 346 waa [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] (46.82%), 203 waa [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] (27.47%), 1 waa [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] (0.135%), 1 waa [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] (0.135%), 26 (3.518%) waxay ka tirsan yihiin kooxo kale oo diini ah iyo 162 (21.922%) midkoodna diin ma laha ama ma shaacin doonaan xidhiidhkooda diimeed.<ref>[http://www.ewois.de/Statistik/user/htmlgen.php?stichtag=31.08.2013&ags=13302003&type=OG&linkags=0713302003 Religion]</ref> ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha degmada=== {{update section|date=Ogosto 2021}} Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1330200300.html Der Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz: Kommunalwahl 2009, Stadt- und Gemeinderatswahlen]</ref> ===Duqa Magaalada=== Duqa Altenbamberg waa Holger Markus Conrad, oo la doortay 2019.<ref name=mayor/> ===Calanka magaalada=== [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] degmadu waxa laga yaabaa in lagu sifeeyo sidan: Argent oo ku taal saldhigga dhulka oo leh buur dhexda vert oo ku taal taas oo iyo dhinac kasta oo geed isku mid ah, geedaha hoostooda bar wavy oo ah berrinka iyo madaxa, dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah geedka dhexda laba mullets Or. Hubku wuxuu ku xad-gudbay xeer dhaqameedka [[heraldry|hubka]] iyadoo la dhigayo bir bir kale (mullets dahabka ah ee berrinka lacagta). ==Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la soo booqdo== [[File:Altenbambergoldpic.png|thumb|Altenbamberg qarnigii 17-aad iyadoo Qasriga Altenbaumburg uu kor saaran yahay]] ===Dhismayaasha=== Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Bad_Kreuznach.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Bad Kreuznach district]</ref> * Hauptstraße 39 – [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Church (building)|Kaniisadda]] [[Nativity of Mary]] iyo [[Saint Maurice]] (''Katholische Kirche Maria Geburt und St. Mauritius''); [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn wadiiqo]], 1783 * Hauptstraße – [[Protestantism|Protestant]] kaniisad; [[Classicism|Classicist]] kaniisad aan lahayn wadiiqo, 1821–1823 * New [[Judaism|Jewish]] Graveyard (aagga taallo)<ref name="Kreisrecht">[http://www.kreisbadkreuznach.de/Inhaltsverzeichnis-des-Kreisre.205.0.html Landkreis Bad Kreuznach: Inhaltsverzeichnis des Kreisrechtes], retrieved 31 October 2011</ref> – aag gidaaran oo leh 23 xabaal-dhagax, 1884 ilaa 1937, xabaalaha [[Christianity|Christian]] * Am Rödelstein – [[railway station|xarunta tareenka]]; [[Gründerzeit]] dhisme, qayb ahaan [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], timber-frame bakhaar badeed, qarnigii 19-aad * Am Rödelstein 2 – villa, qiyaastii 1860, hal dabaq lagu daray * At Burgstraße 4 – albaabka guriga oo leh fanlight, lagu calaamadiyay 1809 * Burgstraße 12 (?) – Baroque timber-frame guri, lagu calaamadiyay 1770 * Burgstraße 20 – timber-frame guri, [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] portal, qarnigii 16-aad, dabaqa dhulka oo la beddelay qarnigii 19-aad * Burgstraße 22 – Baroque timber-frame guri, qarnigii 18-aad * Burgstraße 26 – timber-frame guri, qarnigii 18-aad ama bilowgii qarnigii 19-aad * At Burgstraße 27 – [[spolia]] lagu calaamadiyay 1580 * Graveyard – Kastl-Voelker xabaal-dhagax, façade, [[relief]] of a mourner, qiyaastii 1900 * Old Jewish Graveyard (aagga taallo),<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> Am Judengraben/Narrenbrunnen am Schloßberg – aag la dhigay 1750 oo leh 10 xabaal-dhagax * Brücklocherhof, on ''[[Kreisstraße]]'' 85 – qarnigii 18-aad iyo qeybta hore ee qarnigii 19-aad; dhisme ganacsi qayb ahaan timber-frame * Am Bernhardsschlößchen<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – Castle Treuenfels burbur (waxa loogu yeero ''Bernhardschlößchen''), quarrystone derbiyada [[castle|qasriga]] [[ruin|burburka]], 1253; loo dhisay sidii [[outwork|outwork]] xor ah ee Castle Altenbaumburg (eeg galitaanka xiga) * Castle [[Altenbaumburg]] (aagga taallo)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – [[neck ditch]] iyo [[shield wall (fortification)|shield wall]], rectangular tower, derbi ku hadhay qarnigii 13-aad, hadhaagii [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] dhismayaasha guriga iyo Gothic [[chapel]] ee [[Raugraves]]' xarunta qasriga lagu sheegay 1129 oo ku dhacay burbur 1482; Gothic [[palas]] dib loo dhisay 1981–1983 (eeg sidoo kale gallery hoose) * Eilbacher Hang – [[vineyard|beero canab]] guri; Gründerzeit [[clinker brick]] dhisme, qiyaastii 1890 <gallery> File:16 03 04 006 Altenbaumburg Mittelburg.jpg|Muuqaalka Altenbaumburg xagga jidka u koraya ilaa bailey dhexe oo ka socda bailey hoose (maanta goobta baabuurta la dhigto) File:16 03 04 010 Altenbaumburg Oberburg.jpg|Jidka bailey dhexe oo u horseedaya bailey sare File:20000414_Altenbaumburg_Oberburg.png|Bailey-ga sare ee Altenbaumburg oo leh qayb ka mid ah buundada lugta ee qarnigii 19-aad File:Altenbaumburg.JPG|Muuqaalka Altenbaumburg ee dooxada </gallery> ===Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah=== Dad badan oo booqdayaal ah oo ka kala yimid meelo u dhow iyo meelo fog ayaa yimaada sannad kasta ''Burgfest'' ("Festifaalka Qasriga") si ay ugu dabaaldegaan jawi gaar ah oo ay ugu raaxaystaan Altenbamberg [[wine|khamri]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Regular events |access-date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> ===Isboorti iyo madadaalo=== Goobaha loo tago dalxiiska waa [[Altenbaumburg]], Treuenfels (labaduba waa [[castle|qasriga]] burburka), Schäferplacken iyo Rödelstein. Waxaa jira [[hiking|socod]] shabakad waddo aad u wanaagsan oo leh goob dubista iyo hoy deegaan kayn ah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Sport and leisure |access-date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha== ===Gaadiidka=== Hogaaminta Altenbamberg waa ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 48. U adeegidda tuulada waa [[railway station|xarunta tareenka]] ee [[Alsenz Valley Railway]] (''Alsenztalbahn''). ===Qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha=== Altenbamberg waxay ku taal [[Nahe (wine region)|Nahe khamri gobolka]], oo weli leh hal khamri-sameeye waqti-buuxa ah. Dadka tuulada, waxaa jira [[supermarket]] iyo [[bakery|rootii]]. Adeegyada caafimaadka waxaa inta badan la wareegaya magaalooyinka xuduudka la leh [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]] iyo [[Bad Kreuznach]]. Waxa kale oo jira "[[Gastronomy|gastronomical]]" xarumaha leh toban sariirood.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vg-bme.de/altenbamberg.html |title=Economic structure |access-date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> ===Kaniisadaha=== Altenbamberg waxay kaloo leedahay hal [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[church (building)|kaniisad]] iyo hal [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] kaniisad, mid kasta oo leh adeegyo toddobaadle ah. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.altenbamberg.com/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] (Jarmal) * [http://www.vg-bme.de/index.php?site=altenbamberg Altenbamberg oo ku taal bogagga degmada wadaagga ah] (Jarmal) * [http://www.rlb.de/cgi-bin/wwwalleg/wiki.pl?db=rpb&index=1&zeilen=1&s1=o13302003? Suugaanta ku saabsan Altenbamberg at ''Rheinland-Pfälzische Landesbibliographie''] (Jarmal) {{Authority control}} lwj5dukzq6ybblehgh7k4coyokp3bdt 0 49307 302392 2026-07-15T07:58:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Altenbeken |type = |image_photo = Blick über Altenbeken mit Viadukt im Hintergrund.jpg |imagesize = <!-- Photo size. Default is 250px --> |image_caption = Muuqaalka Altenbeken |image_coa = Wappen der Gemeinde Altenbeken.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|46|N|8|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenbeken in PB.svg |state = |region = Detmold |district = Paderborn |elevation = 250 |area = 76.22 |postal_code = 33182–33184 |area_code = 0 52 55 |licence = PB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 7 74 004 |divisions = 3 |website = [http://www.altenbeken.de/ www.altenbeken.de] |mayor = Matthias Möllers |leader_term = 2025&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Altenbeken''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltn̩ˌbeːkn̩|-|De-Altenbeken.ogg}}, {{lit|Beken-tii hore}}, si loo kala sooco "[[:de:Neuenbeken|Beken-tii cusub]]") waa degmo ka tirsan [[Paderborn (district)|degmada Paderborn]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafi== Altenbeken waxay ku taal [[Eggegebirge]], qiyaastii 15 km dhanka waqooyi-bari ee [[Paderborn]]. Galbeedka magaalada waxaa ku yaal [[Altenbeken Viaduct]], oo ah buundo tareen oo ka gudubta dooxada Beke. ==Siyaasadda== Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Matthias Möllers oo ka tirsan [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] kaas oo xilka hayay tan iyo 2020. [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|Doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee 2025]] ayaa dib loo doortay iyadoo uu helay 50.75 % codadkii doorashada labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stichwahl des/der Bürgermeisters/in 28.09.2025 - Gemeinde Altenbeken |url=https://wahlen.regioit.de/2/km2025/05774004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=252&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_17 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=wahlen.regioit.de |language=de}}</ref> ===Golaha magaalada=== Kadib doorashadii 2025, golaha magaalada Altenbeken [[Stadtrat|Stadtrat]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan: {{election table}} ! colspan=2| Xisbi ! Codad ! % ! +/- ! Kuraas ! +/- |- | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) | 2,637 | 60.5 | {{increase}} 10.3 | 17 | {{increase}} 2 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) | 1,164 | 26.7 | {{increase}} 1.3 | 7 | ±0 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| | align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne) | 556 | 12.8 | {{decrease}} 3.1 | 4 | ±0 |- ! colspan=2| Codadka saxda ah ! 4,357 ! 94.5 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Codadka khaldan ! 256 ! 5.6 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Guud ahaan ! 4,613 ! 100.0 ! ! 28 ! ±0 |- ! colspan=2| Tirada dadka codayn kara/ka qaybgalayaasha ! 7,163 ! 64.4 ! ! ! |- | colspan=7| Isha: [https://wahlen.regioit.de/2/km2025/05774004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=247&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_17 Magaalada Altenbeken] |} ===Qaybaha degmada=== Altenbeken waxay ka kooban tahay 3 degmo oo kala ah: * Altenbeken * Buke * Schwaney ===Bandhigga Viadukt=== [[file:2007 07 01 altenbeken vivat viadukt video 13 450.ogv|thumb|left|Video laga duubay Bandhigga Viadukt sanadkii 2007]] Tan iyo 2003, bandhigga tareenka iyo dhaqanka ee ''Vivat Viadukt'' ayaa ka dhaca Altenbeken labadii sanaba mar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vivat-viadukt.de/ |title=Sonderwebsite der Gemeinde Altenbeken |language=de |accessdate=7 January 2025}}</ref> ===Xiriirka caalamiga ah=== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Altenbeken waxay mataano la tahay: * [[Betton, Ille-et-Vilaine|Betton]] (oo u dhow [[Rennes]]), ([[France]]) [[Image:Flag of France.svg|25px]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{commons category-inline}} * [http://www.altenbeken.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} ruca74kixa5oxeus0yhdl64kqhu5dgz 0 49308 302393 2026-07-15T07:59:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen_Altenberga.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|50|N|11|32|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenberga in SHK.svg |state = |district = Saale-Holzland-Kreis |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Südliches Saaletal |elevation = 250 |area = 17.49 |postal_code = 07768 |area_code = 036424 |licence = SHK, EIS, SRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 74 002 |website = [https://www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de www.vg-suedliches-saaletal.de] |mayor = Michael Schmidt<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 }} '''Altenberga''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saale-Holzland]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} myiuujblqmbcmvwgtytpwy3lvqlw1m0 0 49309 302394 2026-07-15T08:01:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altenberge |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Marktplatzaltenberge1.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Fagaara suuq ee Altenberge |image_coa = DEU Altenberge COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|02|45|N|7|27|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenberge in ST.svg |state = |region = Münster |district = Steinfurt |elevation = 79 |area = 62.96 |postal_code = 48341 |area_code = 02505 |licence = ST, BF, TE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 5 66 004 |website = [http://www.altenberge.de/ www.altenberge.de] |mayor = Jan Röschenkämper |leader_term = 2025&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Altenberge''' ([[Westphalian language|Westphalian]]: ''Ollenbiärg'') waa degmo ka tirsan [[Steinfurt (district)|degmada Steinfurt]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 15&nbsp;km dhanka koonfur-bari ee [[Steinfurt]] iyo 15&nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Münster]]. == Siyaasadda == Duqa magaalada ee hadda waa Jan Röschenkämper oo ka tirsan [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] kaas oo lagu doortay 65,3 % codadkii lagu dhiibtay intii lagu guda jiray [[2025 North Rhine-Westphalia local elections|doorashadii maxalliga ahayd ee 2025]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wahl des/der Bürgermeisters/in 14.09.2025 - Gemeinde Altenberge |url=https://wahlen.citeq.de/20250914/05566004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=1000046&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_48 |date=2025-09-14 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=wahlen.citeq.de |language=de}}</ref> === Golaha magaalada === Kadib doorashadii 2025, golaha magaalada Altenberge [[Stadtrat|Stadtrat]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay sidan: {{election table}} ! colspan=2| Xisbi ! Codad ! % ! +/- ! Kuraas ! +/- |- | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) | 3,078 | 50.7 | {{increase}} 14.0 | 14 | {{increase}} 5 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| | align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne) | 1,588 | 26.1 | {{decrease}} 7.8 | 6 | {{decrease}} 3 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| | align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) | 900 | 14.8 | {{decrease}} 0.5 | 4 | ±0 |- | bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| | align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP) | 508 | 8.4 | {{decrease}} 5.7 | 2 | {{decrease}} 2 |- ! colspan=2| Codadka saxda ah ! 6,074 ! 97.8 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Codadka khaldan ! 137 ! 2.2 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=2| Guud ahaan ! 6,211 ! 100.0 ! ! 26 ! ±0 |- ! colspan=2| Tirada dadka codayn kara/ka qaybgalayaasha ! 8,386 ! 74.1 ! ! ! |- | colspan=7| Isha: [https://wahlen.citeq.de/20250914/05566004/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=1000047&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_3_id_48 Magaalada Altenberge] |} == Dhaqaalaha == === Gaadiidka === [[File:Bahnhof Altenberge.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga tareenka ee Altenberge]] Saldhigga Altenberge waxaa u adeega tareenada khadka RB64 ee ka yimaada Muenster una socda Enschede. === Warshadaha === Soo-saarayaasha mishiinada [[Schmitz Cargobull|Schmitz]] iyo [[Wesseler (Altenberge)|Wesseler]] ayaa lagu asaasay Altenberge. == Shakhsiyaadka == * [[Hans Blumenberg]] (1920-1996) Faylasuuf Jarmal ah * [[Herbert Vorgrimler]] (1929-2014) Caalim diimeed Catholic ah iyo qoraa * [[Theresia Degener]] (dhalatay 1961), bare sharci oo ka tirsan Bochum iyo mid ka mid ah dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda dadka naafada ah ee ugu muhiimsan Jarmalka * [[Pascal Koopmann]] (dhashay 1990), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6gs3gt3ribl1labo45jypkhujt2aaly 0 49310 302395 2026-07-15T08:03:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|36|N|11|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenbeuthen in SLF.png |state = |district = Saalfeld-Rudolstadt |elevation = 495 |area = 7.87 |postal_code = 07338 |area_code = 036737 |licence = SLF |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 73 002 |website = [http://www.altenbeuthen.de/ www.altenbeuthen.de] |mayor = Lothar Linke<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = }} '''Altenbeuthen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Intii lagu guda jiray [[German Empire|Boqortooyada Jarmalka]] (1871–1918), Altenbeuthen waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Province of Saxony|Gobolka Saxony]] ee [[Kingdom of Prussia|Boqortooyada Prussia]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4jarpwsmelu7fp5nvvds3mr8iwu0y2j 0 49311 302396 2026-07-15T08:05:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Altenbuch COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|50|N|9|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenbuch in MIL.svg |state = |region = Lower Franconia |district = Miltenberg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Stadtprozelten |elevation = 240 |area = 37.64 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09676111 |postal_code = 97901 |area_code = 09392 |licence = MIL |website = [http://www.altenbuch.de www.altenbuch.de] }} '''Altenbuch''' ({{IPA|de|altn̩ˈbuːχ}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Miltenberg (district)|degmada Miltenberg]] ee ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]] iyo xubin ka tirsan ''[[Municipal association|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft]]'' (ururka degmooyinka) ee Stadtprozelten. Altenbuch waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 1,200 oo qof. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Altenbuch waxay ku taal gobolka Bavarian Lower Main (''Bayerischer Untermain'') ee [[Spessart]] (buuraleyda). === Qaybaha degmada === Bulshadu waxay leedahay ''Gemarkungen'' soo socda (meelaha miyiga ah ee soo jireenka ah): Altenbucher Forst, Oberaltenbuch, Unteraltenbuch, Altenbucher Leibstuhl. == Taariikhda == Oberaltenbuch (oo horay u raaci jiray [[Grünau Charterhouse]]) waxaa lagu daray 1806 [[Principality of Aschaffenburg]]. Unteraltenbuch (oo raaci jiray [[Archbishopric of Mainz|Electoral Mainz]]) waxay ku gudubtay [[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]] dhanka [[Prince primate|Prince Primate]] [[Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg|von Dalberg's]] [[Principality of Aschaffenburg]]. Ka dib heshiisyadii Paris ee 1814, Oberaltenbuch iyo Unteraltenbuch waxay raaceen [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]]. Intii lagu guda jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Bavaria, bulshooyinka Oberaltenbuch iyo Unteraltenbuch waxay soo baxeen iyadoo la raacayo ''Gemeindeedikt'' ("Wareegtada Degmada") ee 1818. 1 Abriil 1938, labada bulsho ayaa lagu daray hal bulsho oo ah Altenbuch. === Diinta === Altenbuch waxay horay u raaci jirtay kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee [[Dorfprozelten]] waxayna noqotay kaniisad madax-bannaan oo ku dhow 1760. Kaniisadda Saint Wolfgang waxaa la dhisay 1770 iyadoo la raacayo qaabka [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] waxaana la beddelay oo la ballaariyay dhowr jeer. == Tirakoobka dadweynaha == Xuduudaha magaalada dhexdeeda waxaa lagu tiriyay: *1970: 1,090 qof *1987: 1,224 " *2000: 1,332 " == Maamulka == === Calanka magaalada === [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] bulshadu waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per pale dexter argent a Latin cross sable, sinister vert the same of the first, in base an oakleaf palewise counterchanged. Bulshada waxaa laga sameeyay laba bulsho oo horay u kala go'naa 1938, waana sababta ay labada iskutallaab u taagan yihiin. Iskutallaabta [[Teutonic Knights]] ee dhanka midig (dhanka bearaha gacantiisa midig, dhanka daawadaha bidix) waxay tixraacaysaa amarada [[commandry (feudalism)|commandry]] ee Prozelten, oo lahaa hanti ku taal Unteraltenbuch laga bilaabo 1317, iyo 1329 waxay samaynayeen xuquuqda [[blood court]] ee qaybtan amarka. 1484, amarku wuxuu u gudbay [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] wuxuuna ku sii jiray lahaanshihiisa ilaa [[Holy Roman Empire|Boqortooyadii Hore]] ay dhammaatay 1803. Iskutallaabta lacagta ah ee dhanka bidix (dhanka bearaha gacantiisa bidix, dhanka daawadaha midig) waxaa laga soo qaatay calaamadihii horay u qaadi jiray Charterhouse of Grünau waxayna xasuusisaa lahaanshaha Charterhouse ee Oberaltenbuch laga bilaabo 1657. Charterhouse waxaa aasaasay Elisabeth von Hohenlohe waxaana la kala diray waqtigii [[Secularization]] ee 1803. Caleenta geedka geed-joogga ah waxay ka dhigan tahay goobta juqraafiyeed ee bulshada ee Spessart isla markaana waxay tixraacaysaa dhaqanka dheer ee Unteraltenbuch ee kaynta. Laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii 15-aad goobtu waxay ahayd xarunta mid ka mid ah lixda "geed-joojiyayaal fardooley"; laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii 17-aad geed-joojiyaha degmadu wuxuu lahaa xaruntiisa halkan. Xitaa ka dib markii loo wareejiyay Bavaria, xafiiska geed-joojiyaha wuxuu ku sii jiray Unteraltenbuch. Calanka waxaa la qaadayay tan iyo 1973.<ref>[http://www.hdbg.de/gemeinden2/bayerns-gemeinden_detail.php?gkz=9676111 Sharraxaadda calanka Altenbuch]</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka rasmiga ah, waxaa jiray 22 shaqaale oo ku jira liiska gargaarka bulshada oo ka shaqeeya [[agriculture|beeraha]] iyo [[forestry|kaynta]] 1998. Ganacsiga wax soo saarka tani waxay ahayd 116, ganacsiga iyo [[transport|gaadiidka]] 13. Meelaha kale, 19 shaqaale oo ku jira liiska gargaarka bulshada ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay, iyo 532 shaqaale oo kale ayaa ka shaqeeyay guriga. Waxaa jiray 1 ganacsi oo kasta oo ku jira habaynta (oo ay ku jiraan macdanta iyo dhagax-qodista) iyo dhismaha, iyo weliba, 1999, waxaa jiray 11 hawlgal beeraha oo leh aag shaqo oo ah 57 ha, taas oo 3 ha ay ahayd dhul-beereed iyo 49 ha ay ahayd dhul-daaqsimeed. Cashuuraha degmadu 1999 waxay gaareen €464,000 (la beddelay), taas oo cashuuraha ganacsiga saafiga ah ay gaareen €19,000. == Waxbarashada == 1999 hay'adaha soo socda ayaa ka jiray Altenbuch: * [[Kindergarten]]s: 50 meelood oo leh 50 carruur ah == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} lj4le2it2jdjsz88g1ebtzfsnakcmrf 0 49312 302397 2026-07-15T08:08:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altendiez COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|22|17|N|7|59|6|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altendiez in EMS.svg |state = |district = Rhein-Lahn-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Diez |elevation = 170 |area = 9.22 |postal_code = 65624 |area_code = 06432 |licence = EMS, DIZ, GOH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 41 002 |website = [https://www.altendiez.de/ www.altendiez.de] |mayor = Thomas Keßler<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1410000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Altendiez''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Rhein-Lahn|degmada Rhein-Lahn]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Diez (Verbandsgemeinde)|ururka degmooyinka ee Diez.]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== * [https://www.altendiez.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Altendiez] {{Authority control}} duk806jcha5p4cxgglumdk4wu1m9vgj 0 49313 302398 2026-07-15T08:10:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altengamme |name_local = |image_photo = AltengammerElbdeich04.jpg |image_caption = Guryo ku yaal waddada qadiimiga ah ee Altengamme |type = Xaafad |City = Hamburg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|25|29|N|10|15|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Bergedorf |divisions = |Bürgermeistertitel = |mayor = |area = 15.6 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Altengamme}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |year = |plantext = Goobta Altengamme ee magaalada Hamburg |image_plan = HH-Altengamme-quarter.jpg ]] [[File:Varendorf(68)Vierlande Winsen.jpg|thumb|Altengamme qiyaastii 1790 (Khariidad taariikhi ah oo uu leeyahay Gustav Adolf von Varendorf)]] '''Altengamme''' ({{IPA|de|altn̩ˈɡamə|-|De-Altengamme.ogg}}, {{lit|Gamme-tii hore}}, si loo kala sooco "[[Neuengamme, Hamburg|Gamme-tii cusub]]") oo ku taal degmada [[Bergedorf]] ee [[Hamburg|Magaalada Xorta ah ee Hanseatic ee Hamburg]] ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]], waa xaafad miyi ah oo ku taal bangiga midig ee webiga [[Elbe]]. ''Altengamme'' waa qaybta ugu bariga fog ee Hamburg. Sannadkii 2023 dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,345. ==Juqraafi== Xaafaddu waxay leedahay bed dhan 15.6 km². Xaafaddu waxay ka kooban tahay degsiimooyinka ''Altengamme'' iyo ''Borghorst'' iyo dhul-beereedka ku hareeraysan. Xadka galbeedku waa xaafadaha Curslack iyo [[Neuengamme, Hamburg|Neuengamme]], iyadoo webiga ''Dove Elbe'' uu yahay xadkeeda. Dhanka Bariga iyo Waqooyiga waa gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]] oo ay la socoto degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]]. Dhanka Koonfureed webiga [[Elbe]] ayaa ah xadka gobolka [[Lower Saxony]] iyo degmada [[Harburg (district)|Harburg]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah aagga [[Vierlande]]. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Cufnaanta dadku waxay ahayd {{convert|141|PD/sqkm|0|abbr=on}}. 19.3% waxay ahaayeen carruur ka yar 18 sano, 19.7% waxay ahaayeen 65 sano ama ka weyn. 1.9% waxay ahaayeen muhaajiriin. 43 qof ayaa loo diiwaan galiyay inay shaqo la'aan yihiin, 753na waxay ahaayeen shaqaale ku xiran tabarucaadka [[social insurance|caymiska bulshada]].<ref name="fact 2006">Xafiiska diiwaangelinta dadka deggan, isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> [[File:StNicolai Altengamme.jpg|thumb|right|Kaniisadda St. Nicolai]] Sannadkii 1999 waxaa jiray 854 qoys, kuwaas oo 30% ay la noolaayeen carruur ka yar 18 sano, 21.3% qoysaskuna waxay ka koobnaayeen shakhsiyaad. Celceliska cabbirka qoysku wuxuu ahaa 2.5.<ref>Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (1999)</ref> Sannadkii 2006 waxaa dhacay 52 fal-dambiyeed (24 dambiyo 1000 qofba).<ref>Xafiisyada Baarista Gobolka ([[Landeskriminalamt]]), isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> ===Dadka sanadkii=== Dadka waxaa tiriyay xafiiska diiwaangelinta dadka deggan 31 Disembar sanad walba.<ref name="fact 2006"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1987 || 1988 || 1989 || 1990 || 1991 || 1992 || 1993 || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 |- | 1,997 || 1,984 || 1,969 || 1,994 || 2,012 || 2,034 || 2,040 || 2,049 || 2,055 || 2,070 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1997 || 1998 || 1999 || 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 |- | 2,083 || 2,096 || 2,097 || 2,107 || 2,123 || 2,132 || 2,140 || 2,135 || 2,198 || 2,198 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 |- | 2,220 || 2,194 ||2,192 || 2,171 || 2,204 |} ==Waxbarashada== Waxaa jiray hal dugsi hoose mana jiro dugsi sare oo Altengamme ah.<ref name="stats 2006"/> ==Siyaasadda== Kuwani waa natiijooyinka Altengamme ee [[Hamburg Parliament|doorashada gobolka Hamburg]]: {| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:center" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! style="text-align:left"| Sannad ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''37,6 %''' |19,3 % |16,7 % |{{0}}7,5 % |{{0}}5,8 % |{{0}}5,1 % |{{0}}8,0 % |- |2015 |'''45,3 %''' |12,5 % |21,1 % |{{0}}4,1 % |{{0}}5,2 % |{{0}}7,5 % |{{0}}4,3 % |- |2011 |'''49,4 %''' |{{0}}9,7 % |28,4 % |{{0}}3,4 % | – |{{0}}5,7 % |{{0}}3,4 % |- |2008 |31,0 % |{{0}}9,5 % |'''49,1 %''' |{{0}}3,2 % | – |{{0}}4,8 % |{{0}}2,5 % |- |2004 |26,3 % |{{0}}8,7 % |'''55,5 %''' | – | – |{{0}}4,3 % |{{0}}5,2 % |- |2001 |35,0 % |{{0}}7,1 % |'''35,8 %''' |{{0}}0,2 % | – |{{0}}4,6 % |17,4 % |- |1997 |32,4 % |12,4 % |'''39,2 %''' |{{0}}0,0 % | – |{{0}}3,8 % |12,2 % |- |1993 |'''40,8 %''' |{{0}}9,7 % |34,0 % | – | – |{{0}}4,2 % |11,3 % |} ==Kaabayaasha== ===Nidaamyada caafimaadka=== Altengamme waxaa ku yaal hal xarun daryeel maalmeed oo loogu talagalay carruurta, saddex dhakhtar oo ku jira xirfad gaar ah mana jirto farmashiyaha.<ref name="stats 2006"/> ===Gaadiidka=== Altengamme looma adeego nidaamka [[rapid transit|transit degdeg ah]] ee [[Hamburg S-Bahn|tareenka magaalada]] ama [[Hamburg U-Bahn|tareenka dhulka hoostiisa mara]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha waxaa bixiya basas. Sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Baabuurta (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), xaafadda waxaa ku diiwaangashan 1,185 baabuur oo gaar loo leeyahay (539 baabuur/1000 qof).<ref name="stats 2006">Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> Waxaa jiray 5 shilalka taraafikada oo guud ahaan, dhammaan 5 shilalka taraafikada oo leh dhaawac dadka.<ref>Tirakoobka shilalka taraafikada, xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons}} 9nlc6h9nzpibcz9kdg6g8w9yjlzbedk 302399 302398 2026-07-15T08:10:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altengamme |name_local = |image_photo = AltengammerElbdeich04.jpg |image_caption = Guryo ku yaal waddada qadiimiga ah ee Altengamme |type = Xaafad |City = Hamburg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|25|29|N|10|15|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Bergedorf |divisions = |Bürgermeistertitel = |mayor = |area = 15.6 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Altengamme}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |year = |plantext = Goobta Altengamme ee magaalada Hamburg |image_plan = HH-Altengamme-quarter.jpg }} [[File:Varendorf(68)Vierlande Winsen.jpg|thumb|Altengamme qiyaastii 1790 (Khariidad taariikhi ah oo uu leeyahay Gustav Adolf von Varendorf)]] '''Altengamme''' ({{IPA|de|altn̩ˈɡamə|-|De-Altengamme.ogg}}, {{lit|Gamme-tii hore}}, si loo kala sooco "[[Neuengamme, Hamburg|Gamme-tii cusub]]") oo ku taal degmada [[Bergedorf]] ee [[Hamburg|Magaalada Xorta ah ee Hanseatic ee Hamburg]] ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]], waa xaafad miyi ah oo ku taal bangiga midig ee webiga [[Elbe]]. ''Altengamme'' waa qaybta ugu bariga fog ee Hamburg. Sannadkii 2023 dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,345. ==Juqraafi== Xaafaddu waxay leedahay bed dhan 15.6 km². Xaafaddu waxay ka kooban tahay degsiimooyinka ''Altengamme'' iyo ''Borghorst'' iyo dhul-beereedka ku hareeraysan. Xadka galbeedku waa xaafadaha Curslack iyo [[Neuengamme, Hamburg|Neuengamme]], iyadoo webiga ''Dove Elbe'' uu yahay xadkeeda. Dhanka Bariga iyo Waqooyiga waa gobolka [[Schleswig-Holstein]] oo ay la socoto degmada [[Lauenburg (district)|Lauenburg]]. Dhanka Koonfureed webiga [[Elbe]] ayaa ah xadka gobolka [[Lower Saxony]] iyo degmada [[Harburg (district)|Harburg]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah aagga [[Vierlande]]. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Cufnaanta dadku waxay ahayd {{convert|141|PD/sqkm|0|abbr=on}}. 19.3% waxay ahaayeen carruur ka yar 18 sano, 19.7% waxay ahaayeen 65 sano ama ka weyn. 1.9% waxay ahaayeen muhaajiriin. 43 qof ayaa loo diiwaan galiyay inay shaqo la'aan yihiin, 753na waxay ahaayeen shaqaale ku xiran tabarucaadka [[social insurance|caymiska bulshada]].<ref name="fact 2006">Xafiiska diiwaangelinta dadka deggan, isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> [[File:StNicolai Altengamme.jpg|thumb|right|Kaniisadda St. Nicolai]] Sannadkii 1999 waxaa jiray 854 qoys, kuwaas oo 30% ay la noolaayeen carruur ka yar 18 sano, 21.3% qoysaskuna waxay ka koobnaayeen shakhsiyaad. Celceliska cabbirka qoysku wuxuu ahaa 2.5.<ref>Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (1999)</ref> Sannadkii 2006 waxaa dhacay 52 fal-dambiyeed (24 dambiyo 1000 qofba).<ref>Xafiisyada Baarista Gobolka ([[Landeskriminalamt]]), isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> ===Dadka sanadkii=== Dadka waxaa tiriyay xafiiska diiwaangelinta dadka deggan 31 Disembar sanad walba.<ref name="fact 2006"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1987 || 1988 || 1989 || 1990 || 1991 || 1992 || 1993 || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 |- | 1,997 || 1,984 || 1,969 || 1,994 || 2,012 || 2,034 || 2,040 || 2,049 || 2,055 || 2,070 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1997 || 1998 || 1999 || 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 |- | 2,083 || 2,096 || 2,097 || 2,107 || 2,123 || 2,132 || 2,140 || 2,135 || 2,198 || 2,198 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 |- | 2,220 || 2,194 ||2,192 || 2,171 || 2,204 |} ==Waxbarashada== Waxaa jiray hal dugsi hoose mana jiro dugsi sare oo Altengamme ah.<ref name="stats 2006"/> ==Siyaasadda== Kuwani waa natiijooyinka Altengamme ee [[Hamburg Parliament|doorashada gobolka Hamburg]]: {| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:center" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! style="text-align:left"| Sannad ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''37,6 %''' |19,3 % |16,7 % |{{0}}7,5 % |{{0}}5,8 % |{{0}}5,1 % |{{0}}8,0 % |- |2015 |'''45,3 %''' |12,5 % |21,1 % |{{0}}4,1 % |{{0}}5,2 % |{{0}}7,5 % |{{0}}4,3 % |- |2011 |'''49,4 %''' |{{0}}9,7 % |28,4 % |{{0}}3,4 % | – |{{0}}5,7 % |{{0}}3,4 % |- |2008 |31,0 % |{{0}}9,5 % |'''49,1 %''' |{{0}}3,2 % | – |{{0}}4,8 % |{{0}}2,5 % |- |2004 |26,3 % |{{0}}8,7 % |'''55,5 %''' | – | – |{{0}}4,3 % |{{0}}5,2 % |- |2001 |35,0 % |{{0}}7,1 % |'''35,8 %''' |{{0}}0,2 % | – |{{0}}4,6 % |17,4 % |- |1997 |32,4 % |12,4 % |'''39,2 %''' |{{0}}0,0 % | – |{{0}}3,8 % |12,2 % |- |1993 |'''40,8 %''' |{{0}}9,7 % |34,0 % | – | – |{{0}}4,2 % |11,3 % |} ==Kaabayaasha== ===Nidaamyada caafimaadka=== Altengamme waxaa ku yaal hal xarun daryeel maalmeed oo loogu talagalay carruurta, saddex dhakhtar oo ku jira xirfad gaar ah mana jirto farmashiyaha.<ref name="stats 2006"/> ===Gaadiidka=== Altengamme looma adeego nidaamka [[rapid transit|transit degdeg ah]] ee [[Hamburg S-Bahn|tareenka magaalada]] ama [[Hamburg U-Bahn|tareenka dhulka hoostiisa mara]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha waxaa bixiya basas. Sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Baabuurta (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), xaafadda waxaa ku diiwaangashan 1,185 baabuur oo gaar loo leeyahay (539 baabuur/1000 qof).<ref name="stats 2006">Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> Waxaa jiray 5 shilalka taraafikada oo guud ahaan, dhammaan 5 shilalka taraafikada oo leh dhaawac dadka.<ref>Tirakoobka shilalka taraafikada, xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons}} ozrh7qjm2duboyznhe38zi5htwj5f3o 10 49314 302400 2026-07-15T08:11:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302400 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Literal translation]] 6mgo2to98xjsuga517m90gguib9ghye 0 49315 302401 2026-07-15T08:14:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Altenhagen |image_photo = Altenhagen-dorfkirche.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Altenhagen |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|N|13|07|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenhagen_in_MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Treptower Tollensewinkel |elevation = 92 |area = 11.05 |postal_code = 17091 |area_code = 039600 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 002 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.altentreptow.de/ www.altentreptow.de] |mayor = Marita Range }} '''Altenhagen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} q6q4tydppreuhdmzzcrjiebdqxzo5k4 0 49316 302402 2026-07-15T08:16:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Schloss Altenhausen.jpg |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-83-020 Altenhausen COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|15|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenhausen in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |Verbandsgemeinde = Flechtingen |elevation = 118 |area = 43.17 |postal_code = 39343 |area_code = 039052 |licence = BK, OK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 020 |mayor = Matthias Horsika<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;27 }} '''Altenhausen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Börde (district)|degmada Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. 1 Janaayo 2010 waxay la midoowday degmooyinkii hore ee [[Emden, Saxony-Anhalt|Emden]] iyo [[Ivenrode]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} k45s86o0pa53ztqxb8jsuqfwpmjgkav 0 49317 302403 2026-07-15T08:18:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = GutStift.png |image_flag = Flagge Altenholz.png |image_coa = DEU Altenholz COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|24|N|10|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenholz in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |elevation = 18 |area = 19.03 |postal_code = 24161 |area_code = 0431, 04349 |licence = RD, ECK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 005 |website = [http://www.altenholz.de/ www.altenholz.de] |mayor = Carlo Ehrich |party = }} '''Altenholz''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow xeebta [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]], qiyaastii 20 km koonfur-bari ee [[Eckernförde]], iyo 9 km waqooyi ee [[Kiel]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jkrkjzy2q1l2x5g33olt67aoqgzuv66 302404 302403 2026-07-15T08:18:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Altenholz.png |image_coa = DEU Altenholz COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|24|N|10|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenholz in RD.png |state = |district = Rendsburg-Eckernförde |elevation = 18 |area = 19.03 |postal_code = 24161 |area_code = 0431, 04349 |licence = RD, ECK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 58 005 |website = [http://www.altenholz.de/ www.altenholz.de] |mayor = Carlo Ehrich |party = }} '''Altenholz''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rendsburg-Eckernförde]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow xeebta [[Baltic Sea|Badda Baltic]], qiyaastii 20 km koonfur-bari ee [[Eckernförde]], iyo 9 km waqooyi ee [[Kiel]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5dggyfqzcyy87iqtovppw2syu1hlx0p 0 49318 302405 2026-07-15T08:20:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = MichelbachApril2009Zwo 013.jpg |image_caption = Fagaara magaalada |image_coa = DEU Altenkirchen (Westerwald) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|41|14|N|07|38|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenkirchen (Westerwald) in AK.svg |state = |district = Altenkirchen |Verbandsgemeinde = Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld |elevation = 230 |area = 10.98 |postal_code = 57601–57610 |area_code = 02681 |licence = AK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 32 501 |website = {{URL|https://www.altenkirchen.de/}} |mayor = Matthias Gibhardt<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Altenkirchen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = SPD }} '''Altenkirchen''' ({{IPA|de|ˌaltn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩|-|De-Altenkirchen2.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]], caasimadda [[Altenkirchen (district)|degmada Altenkirchen]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 40 km dhanka bari ee [[Bonn]] iyo 50 km dhanka waqooyi ee [[Koblenz]]. Altenkirchen waa xarunta ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ("ururka degmooyinka") ee '''[[Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld]].''' ==Horumarinta dadweynaha== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannad !! Dadka |- |1787||align="right" |112 |- |1800||align="right" |450 |- |1830||align="right" |990 |- |1853||align="right" |1,497 |- |1861||align="right" |1,700 |- |1900||align="right" |2,044 |- |1933||align="right" |3,333 |- |1939||align="right" |3,562 |- |1950||align="right" |4,189 |- |1962||align="right" |4,618 |- |1984||align="right" |4,553 |- |1999||align="right" |6,640 |- |2014||align="right" |6,162 |} ==Juqraafi== *[[Lahrer Herrlichkeit]], waa gobol muuqaal dhul ah oo ku yaal ururka degmooyinka ee [[Verbandsgemeinde Flammersfeld|Flammersfeld]] ==Dadka caanka ah== [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MN-1361-21A, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Kapitän Ernst Lindemann.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Ernst Lindemann]] * [[Dirk Adorf]] (dhashay 1969), darawal tartanka baabuurta * [[Sabine Bätzing-Lichtenthäler]] (dhalatay 1975), siyaasi (SPD) * [[Ernst Lindemann]] (1894–1941), sarkaal ka tirsan [[Imperial German Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] iyo mar dambe taliyihii badda ee maraakiibta dagaalka '' [[German battleship Bismarck|Bismarck]] '' * [[Marie Gülich]] (dhalatay 1994), ciyaaryahan WNBA. ==Dad kale oo caan ah== Dadka soo socda maaha dad asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Altenkirchen, laakiin waxay ka shaqeeyeen ama ku noolaayeen magaalada: [[File:FW Raiffeisen.jpg|left|thumb|160px|Friedrioch Wilhelm Raiffeisen]] * [[Wilhelm Boden]] (1890–1961), Ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Rheinland-Pfalz * [[Ludwig Julius Budge]] (1811–1888), dhakhtar * [[Bernhard Grzimek]] (1909–1987), khabiir xoolaha, wuxuu la shaqeeyay 1938 Xafiiska Xoolaha ee Degmada Altenkirchen si loola dagaallamo [[bovine tuberculosis|tubaakada lo'da]]<ref>[http://wiki.westerwald-gymnasium.de/index.php/1938 Diarium the Westerwald Gymnasium] iyadoo la tixraacayo Rhein-Zeitung ee 5 Janaayo 1985 (+ aan lahayn qoraal taariikh nololeedka 1974 p.134)</ref> * [[François Séverin Marceau]] (1769–1796), janaraal Faransiis ah * [[Krzysztof Meyer]] (dhashay 1943), muusikiiste * [[Hans Nüsslein]] (1910–1991), ciyaaryahan tennis Jarmal ah, horyaalka adduunka ee xirfadleyda 1933, 1936, 1937 * [[Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen]] (1818–1888), dib-u-habeeyaha bulshada * [[Ewald Schnug]] (* 1954), cilmi-baare beeraha, borofisar, Madaxweyne sharafeedka Xarunta Sayniska Caalamiga ah ee Bacriminta <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ciec.iae.ac.cn/staff/|title = Shaqaalaha--Xarunta Sayniska Caalamiga ah ee Bacriminta(CIEC)}}</ref> ==Gaadiidka== [[File:Bahnhof Altenkirchen Vectus HLB.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga Altenkirchen, qaybta tareenka rakaabka]] [[File:Güterbahnhof Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Saldhigga Altenkirchen, qaybta xamuulka]] [[Altenkirchen (Westerw) station|Saldhigga Altenkirchen (Westerw)]] wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[Limburg-Altenkirchen railway|tareenka Limburg-Altenkirchen]] iyo sidoo kale [[Engers-Au railway|tareenka Engers-Au]], khadka gaadiidka tareenka dadweynaha waa RB90 oo ka yimaada [[Limburg an der Lahn|Limburg]] iyadoo loo marayo [[Diez, Germany|Diez Ost]], [[Westerburg station|Westerburg]], [[Nistertal-Bad Marienberg station|Nistertal-Bad Marienberg]], [[Hachenburg]], Altenkirchen, [[Au (Sieg) station |Au (Sieg)]] iyo [[Betzdorf (Sieg) station|Betzdorf (Sieg)]] ilaa [[Siegen]]. Magaalada Altenkirchen iyo degmada Altenkirchen waxay ku yaalliin aagga ururka gaadiidka Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM), lambarka aagga 910. Altenkirchen waxaa sidoo kale u adeega khadadka basaska maxalliga ah 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 136, 250, 251, 255, 280, 285, 287, 289, 408, 416 iyo 934. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} i84v9uawxp4phrlha2nb1jydaxe0663 0 49319 302406 2026-07-15T08:22:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Basilika Altenkrempe 2014a.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Basilica ee Altenkrempe |image_flag = Flagge Altenkrempe.png |image_coa = DEU Altenkrempe COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|08|00|N|10|49|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenkrempe in OH.png |state = |district = Ostholstein |Amt = Ostholstein-Mitte |elevation = 3 |area = 36.64 |postal_code = 23730 |area_code = 04561 |licence = OH |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 55 002 |website = {{url|http://www.amt-ostholstein-mitte.de/}} |mayor = Klaus Weidemann |party = }} '''Altenkrempe''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ostholstein]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5cx3uiuejb3jjvmy6bzmxlv4zy1r0wz 0 49320 302407 2026-07-15T08:24:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Altenkunstadt (Oberfranken) COA.svg |image_photo = Altenkunstadt Pfarrhof Kirche.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Dhalashada Maryantii bikrada ah iyo guriga wadaadka |coordinates = {{coord|50|07|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenkunstadt in LIF.svg |state = |region = Oberfranken |district = Lichtenfels |elevation = 292 |area = 32.91 |postal_code = 96264 |area_code = 09572 |licence = LIF/STE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 4 78 111 |divisions = 12 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.altenkunstadt.de/ www.altenkunstadt.de] |mayor = Robert Hümmer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Altenkunstadt''' ({{IPA|de|altn̩ˈkʊnʃtat}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Lichtenfels (district)|Lichtenfels]] ee [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taal dhinaca bidix ama koonfurta ee webiga [[Main (river)|Main]] oo ku soo jeeda dooxada [[Burgkunstadt]] oo ku taal dhinaca buurta ee waqooyiga. ==Wiilal iyo gabdho== * Wolfgang Mack (1808–1883), qaliin Jarmal ah * Alfred Nikolaus Witt (1914–1999), lafaha iyo qaliinka, borofisar jaamacadeed oo ka tirsan Berlin iyo Munich * Josef Seiz (1934–2010), ciyaaryahan tennis miiska Jarmalka ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6nsxa3dectgmmjcy5d5x7dkq5xkww83 0 49321 302408 2026-07-15T08:25:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altenmedingen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|07|58|N|10|36|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenmedingen in UE.svg |state = |district = Uelzen |Samtgemeinde = Bevensen-Ebstorf |elevation = 54 |area = 48.09 |postal_code = 29575 |area_code = 05807 |licence = UE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 60 001 |divisions = 9 |website = [https://www.altenmedingen.de/ www.altenmedingen.de] |mayor = Werner Marquard |party = CDU }} '''Altenmedingen''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Uelzen (district)|degmada Uelzen]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} n4iym9oo4tgecahk2eclfr6pw6g1jll 0 49322 302409 2026-07-15T08:27:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Altenmoor COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|N|9|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenmoor in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Horst-Herzhorn |elevation = 0 |area = 6.12 |postal_code = 25335 |area_code = 04121 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 004 |website = [http://www.amt-horst-herzhorn.de/ www.amt-horst-herzhorn.de] |mayor = Wilfried Wulff |party = }} '''Altenmoor''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} oacyw4pcgkfexsg6fi3auldd1xz2fcu 0 49323 302410 2026-07-15T08:29:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Altenmuenster.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|28|N|10|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenmünster in A.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Augsburg |elevation = 435 |area = 41.30 |postal_code = 86450 |area_code = 08295 |licence = A |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 72 115 |mayor = Florian Mair<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [http://www.altenmuenster.de www.altenmuenster.de] |image_photo = Altenmünster, A - Baiershofer Str - Dorfmitte v W.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Altenmünster }} [[File:Altenmünster Brauer Bier Hopfig Herb.jpg|thumb|right|Altenmünster Brauer Bier Hopfig Herb - Biir lagu karkariyey warshadda biirka ee Altenmünster]] '''Altenmünster''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Augsburg (district)|degmada Augsburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altenmunster}} kaffuop9u3ft72mgc90gbai1hw4vgws 0 49324 302411 2026-07-15T08:31:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|21|24|N|12|56|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenpleen_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Altenpleen |elevation = 3 |area = 20.05 |postal_code = 18445 |area_code = 038323 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 005 |website = [http://www.altenpleen.de www.altenpleen.de] |mayor = Rainer Behrndt |party = }} '''Altenpleen''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7zy5rwms127q538y3pxcqzfihxfqyjj 0 49325 302412 2026-07-15T08:33:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo=Altstadt Altensteig.jpg |image_caption = Altensteig [[Altstadt]], Juun 2018 |image_coa = DEU Altensteig COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|35|11|N|8|36|17|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altensteig in CW.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Calw |elevation = 504 |area = 53.19 |area_code = 07453 |licence = CW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 35 006 |website = {{URL|https://www.altensteig.de/}} }} '''Altensteig''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltn̩ʃtaɪk|-|De-Altensteig.ogg}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Aldaschdaeg'') waa magaalo ku taal [[Calw district|degmada Calw]] ee [[German state|gobolka Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. ==Taariikhda== {{stack|[[File:Altensteiger Altstadt.JPG|thumb|]]}} Altensteig waxay u badan tahay in loo bixiyay [[German town law|xuquuqda magaalada]] by [[Counts of Hohenberg]] qiyaastii bartamihii qarnigii 14aad. Sannadkii 1398, magaaladu waxay noqotay hanti ka mid ah [[Margraviate of Baden]] ka dibna [[Duchy of Württemberg]] ee 1603. Altensteig waxaa laga dhigay xarunta degmada u gaar ah, taas oo dib loo habeeyey 1808 sida {{ill|Oberamt Altensteig|de}}, kaas oo la kala diray laba sano ka dib taas oo keentay in Altensteig loo qoondeeyo {{ill|Oberamt Nagold|de}}. Degmadaasna, sidoo kale, waa la kala diray 1938 waxaana Altensteig loo qoondeeyay degmada Calw ee dib loo habeeyey.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Altensteig|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6745/Altensteig|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Magaalada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Stadt]]'') ee Simmersfeld waxay ku taal cirifka koonfur-galbeed ee degmada [[Calw]]. Waxay ku taal xadka ay la wadaagto [[Freudenstadt (district)|degmada Freudenstadt]] dhanka koonfur iyo galbeed. Aagga degmada Altensteig wuxuu inta badan ku yaal [[Black Forest]], inkastoo qayb ka mid ah cufka bariga ay ku taal {{ill|Upper Gäu|de|Obere Gäue}}. Dhererka kor ku xusan heerka badda ee aagga degmadu wuxuu u dhexeeyaa ugu sarreeya ee {{convert|747|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa ugu hooseeya {{convert|421|m|sp=us}} NN.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qaybo ka mid ah ilaalinta federaalka {{ill|Egenhäuser Kapf at Bömbachtal|de|Egenhäuser Kapf mit Bömbachtal}}, {{ill|Köllbach valley|de|Köllbachtal mit Seitentälern}}, iyo {{ill|Schmalzmisse|de}} [[Naturschutzgebiet|kaydka dabiiciga ah]] waxay ku yaalliin aagga degmada Altensteig.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Siyaasadda== Altensteig waxay leedahay sagaal xaafadood: Altensteig, Altensteigdorf, Berneck, Garrweiler, Hornberg, Spielberg, Überberg, Walddorg, Wart. Waxa kale oo jira 15 tuulo oo ku yaal aagga degmada: Bahnhof Berneck, Baiermühle, Bruderhaus, Chausseehaus, Elektrizitätswerk, Fischhaus, Heselbronn, Internationales Forum Burg Hornberg, Kohlsägmühle, Lengenloch, Lohmühle, Monhardt, Trögelsbach, Ziegelhütte, Zumweiler.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ===Calanka magaalada=== [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] degmada ee Altensteig wuxuu muujinayaa qalcad ku taal [[Gules|cas]] iyo [[Argent|caddaan]], oo ku taal [[Field (heraldry)|goob]] ah [[Or (heraldry)|jaalle]] iyo hoosta [[Sable (heraldry)|madow]] {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=stag antler}}, korka [[Vert (heraldry)|cagaaran]] buur lagu soo dhawaaday waddo jaalle ah. Calankan ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday [[Seal (emblem)|shaabadda magaalada]] 1604, waxaana la beddelay 1935 iyadoo lagu daray geeska deerada si loola tixraaco Württemberg. Waddada dabaylaha ah waxay tixraacaysaa erayga Jarmalka ''[[wikt:steig|Steige]]'', ama "waddo", iyo magaca Altensteig.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Gaadiidka== Altensteig waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] ee [[Bundesstraße 28]]. Magaalada waxaa sidoo kale ku xirnaa tareen iyada oo loo marayo {{ill|Nagold-Altensteig narrow gauge railway|de|Schmalspurbahn Nagold–Altensteig}} laga bilaabo 1891 ilaa xiritaankeedii 1967. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} (Jarmal) {{Authority control}} p4hqbacjd902bf15xdrj99v2o98dmps 0 49326 302413 2026-07-15T08:35:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Altenthann.svg |image_photo = ST214513.jpg |image_caption = Altenthann |coordinates = {{coord|49|5|34|N|12|18|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altenthann in R.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Regensburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Donaustauf |elevation = 508 |area = 21.27 |postal_code = 93177 |area_code = 09403, 09408 |licence = R |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 75 114 |website = [http://www.altenthann.de www.altenthann.de] |mayor = Harald Herrmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Altenthann''' waa tuulo iyo [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Altenthann waxay ku taal gobolka [[Regensburg]], qiyaastii 18 kiiloomitir waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Wörth an der Donau]]. === Qaybaha degmada === Waxaa jira 50 qaybood oo ka tirsan degmada:<ref>{{BLO Ortsdatenbank|objekt=Gemeinde Altenthann|zugriff=2017-11-27|val=1002}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=18em}} * Altenthann * Aschenbrennermarter * [[Auersölden]] * Bachmühl * [[Berghof (Altenthann)|Berghof]] * Bruckhäusl * Brunnstuben * [[Eichhof (Altenthann)|Eichhof]] * [[Forstmühle (Altenthann)|Forstmühle]] * [[Geishof (Altenthann)|Geishof]] * [[Göppenbach]] * Gottesberg * [[Gsellhof]] * [[Gsellmühle (Altenthann)|Gsellmühle]] * Haid * Heuweg * Hörglhof * [[Hornismühle]] * Jagdhaus Thiergarten * [[Kagerhof (Altenthann)|Kagerhof]] * [[Kropfersberg]] * [[Landsgrub]] * [[Oberlichtenwald]] * Ödgarten * Orhalm * [[Pfaffenfang]] * [[Pfittershof]] * [[Pielhof (Altenthann)|Pielhof]] * Pömerlmühl * [[Refthal]] * [[Reinhartswinkl]] * Röhren * [[Roidhof (Altenthann)|Roidhof]] * Sägmühl * [[Scharr (Altenthann)|Scharr]] * Scherbatzen * Schmatzhäusl * Seehof * [[Spieshof (Altenthann)|Spieshof]] * [[Spitz (Altenthann)|Spitz]] * Steinbuckl * Steinklippen * Stubenthal * [[Thiergarten (Altenthann)|Thiergarten]] * [[Unterlichtenwald]] * [[Weiherhaus (Altenthann)|Weiherhaus]] * [[Weihersölden]] * [[Wiesing (Altenthann)|Wiesing]] * Willmannsberg * Ziegelhaus {{div col end}} Waxaa jira ''[[Gemarkung]]en'' ee Altenthann, Forstmühler Forst, Göppenbach, Lichtenwald iyo Pfaffenfang. === Cimilada === [[File:ALTENTHANN nieder.svg|thumb|Jaantuska roobabka]] Altenthann waxay leedahay [[humid continental climate|cimilada qoyan]] waxayna ku dhex taal [[Temperate climate|aagga cimilada qabow-dhexaadka ah]]. Degmadu waxay ku taal aagga kala guurka ee u dhexeeya Atlantic-ga qoyan iyo gobollada [[continental climate|cimilada qaaradda]] ee qalalan. Sida laga soo xigtay [[climate classification|kala soocidda cimilada]] ee Köppen-Geiger, [[Franconia]], oo ay ku jirto Altenthann, waa qayb ka mid ah 'cimilada roobaadka ee diirran ee diirran' (Cimilada Cfb). Natiijo ahaan celceliska heerkulka hawada ee bilaha ugu diirran ayaa ka hooseeya {{cvt|22|°C}} iyo bilaha ugu qabow ayaa ka sarreeya {{cvt|-3|°C}}. [[Precipitation|Roobabka]] sanadlaha ah waa 742 milimitir, kaas oo ku jira saddexda dhexe ee diiwaanka saldhigga cimilada ee [[German Met Office]]; 50% saldhigyada cimiladu waxay leeyihiin qiimayaal hoose. Bisha ugu qalalan waa Oktoobar; midda ugu qoyan waa Juun, marka ay jirto 1.9 jeer roobka bisha ugu qalalan. Kala duwanaanshaha roobabka sanadlaha ah waxay ku yaalliin saddexda sare. In ka badan 77% meelaha kala duwanaanshaha ayaa ka yar. == Taariikhda == === Kahor intaan degmada la abuurin === Altenthann waxay ka tirsanayd degmada dhaqaalaha ee Straubing (''{{ill|Rentamt|bar||de||es|Mayordomía}} Straubing'') iyo degmada garsoorka ee Stadtamhof (''Landgericht Stadtamhof'') ee [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1664 ilaa cilmaaniga, [[Frauenzell Abbey]] waxay lahayd ''[[Hofmark]]'' furan halkan. Ka dib dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]] degmada hadda jirta waxay soo baxday natiijada ka dhalatay Wareegtada Degmada 1818. === Isku-dhafka === 1945 ama 1946 degmadii madaxa-bannaanayd ee Pfaffenfang ([[Landkreis Roding]]) iyo qaybo ka mid ah degmada Göppenbach waxaa lagu daray Altenthann.<ref>{{cite book| author = Wilhelm Volkert| title = Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799–1980| isbn = 3-406-09669-7| year = 1983| publisher = C. H. Beck| location = Munich| page = 555|id= record }}</ref> 1 Janaayo 1978 Lichtenwald ayaa lagu daray.<ref>{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982|publisher=[[W. Kohlhammer]]|location=Stuttgart/Mainz|page=657|isbn=3-17-003263-1|date =1983|language=de }}</ref> === Koritaanka dadweynaha === * 1961: 1,235 * 1970: 1,283 * 1987: 1,315 * 1991: 1,441 * 1995: 1,471 * 2000: 1,538 * 2005: 1,580 * 2010: 1,549 * 2015: 1,513 === Qarniyadii 20aad iyo 21aad === Tobannaan sano ee la soo dhaafay Altenthann waxay ka soo horumartay tuulo beeroleey ah una beddeshay aagga la dego taas oo ka dhalatay naqshadaynta dhulka dhismaha iyo maalgashiga kaabayaasheeda. Himilooyinka muhiimka ah ee degmadu waxay hadda yihiin maalgashiga tamarta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta ee bay'ada u wanaagsan, tiknoolajiyada badbaadinta tamarta, horumarinta dheeraadka ah ee kaabayaasha iyo helitaanka ballaaran. == Diinta == Sida guud ahaan [[Upper Palatinate]] dadka badankood ee Altenthann waa [[Roman-Catholic|Roman-Catholic]]s. Gudaha aagga degmada waxaa ku yaal [[Roman-Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[parish|baadari]] ee Altenthann - Brennberg - Frauenzell. Waa qayb ka mid ah [[Diocese of Regensburg]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba iyo toban xubnood. Tan iyo doorashadii 2014 waxaa jira 6 [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]] xubnood iyo 6 xubnood oo ka tirsan [[Freie Wähler]]. === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada (''Bürgermeister'') tan iyo Maajo 2014 waa Harald Herrmann ([[Freie Wähler Bayern|FW]]). === Calanka magaalada === [[Blazon]]: ''Or, a fir tree on three hills vert, on a chief sable pincers argent'' (''Unter schwarzem Schildhaupt, darin eine silberne Zange, in Gold auf grünem Dreiberg eine grüne Tanne.'') Calankan waxaa la isticmaalayay tan iyo 1985.<ref>{{HdBG GKZ|9375114}}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == * Guriga Ugaarsiga ee Aschenbrennermarter oo taariikhdiisu tahay 1900 ee kaynta Forstmühlen * Kaniisadda Baadariga ee St. Nicholas: 1832 kaniisaddii St. Nicholas ee 1712 waxay ku dhowaatay inay gubato. Waxaa la dumiyay 1904 waxaana lagu beddelay kaniisad cusub oo uu naqshadeeyay Heinrich Hauberrisser. Kaliya meelaha allabariga dhinaca iyo chancel weli waxay taariikhda ku qoran yihiin 1830. Allabariga sare ee Josef Wittmann taariikhdiisu waa 1910. * Fürstlicher Thiergarten === Matxaf === * Matxafka taariikhda maxalliga ah ee degmada Regensburg ee hoolka ujeeddooyinka badan ee Altenthann: ururinta alaabta farsamada iyo qalabka beeraha. Waxay bixiyaan aragti ku saabsan horumarinta buuraleyda Bavarian iyo caadooyinka hore. === Firaaqada iyo dabiiciga === Waxaa jira waddooyin badan oo baaskiil iyo waddooyin lugooyo ah oo ku hareeraysan tuulada kuwaas oo u horseeda kaymaha ballaaran. Waxaa jira [[Lido (swimming pool)|lido]] qiyaastii 14 kiiloomitir u jirta Falkenstein oo furan xagaaga. Barkadda dabaasha ee ugu dhow ee gudaha waxay ku taal magaalada Wörth an der Donau. Jiilaalka, waxaa jira xarumo loogu talagalay barafka, tobogganists iyo [[Ice stock sport|ice stock]] ciyaartoyda. === Cayaaraha iyo naadiyada === Waxaa jira in ka badan 20 naadi oo ku yaal degmada, oo ay ku jiraan naadi isboorti. Altenthann waxay leedahay dhowr xarumo isboorti oo ay ku jiraan maxkamad tennis iyo hoolka ujeeddooyinka badan. Brigade-ka Tabaruceyaasha Altenthann (''Freiwillige Feuerwehr Altenthann'') iyo shaqaalaha dabka ee tuulooyinka kala duwan ee degmada waxay bixiyaan adeegyada dabka iyo gargaarka guud. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Altenthann waa bulsho la dego waxaana lagu qalabeeyay adeegyo aasaasi ah oo maxalli ah laakiin lafteedu ma laha wax muhiimad maxalli ah oo dhexe. Waxay ku taal aagga qabashada ee magaalada Regensburg. === Dhaqaalaha === Degmada waxaa ku yaal dhowr adeeg, farsamada gacanta iyo ganacsiyada ganacsiga, xirfadaha dhismaha ee waaweyn ayaa si gaar ah si xoog leh u matala beerahana sidoo kale waa muhiim. "Altenthann Nord I" waa aag dhismaha loo qoondeeyay. === ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft Vorderer Bayerischer Wald'' === 8 Janaayo 2007, kooxda shaqada ''Vorderer Bayerischer Wald'' ("AG Vorwald" oo gaaban),<ref>Arbeitsgemeinschaft Vorderer Bayerischer Wald[http://www.vorderer-bayerischer-wald.de/], la soo helay 25 Disembar 2014.</ref> ayaa la aasaasay. Ujeeddadeedu waa in la horumariyo oo la xoojiyo gobolka marka la eego dalxiiska, dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka. Xubnaha kooxdan shaqada waa degmooyinka Altenthann, [[Bernhardswald]], [[Brennberg]], [[Falkenstein (Upper Palatinate)|Falkenstein]], [[Michelsneukirchen]], [[Rettenbach (Upper Palatinate)|Rettenbach]], [[Wald (Upper Palatinate)|Wald]], [[Wiesenfelden]], [[Zell (Upper Palatinate)|Zell]] iyo magaalada [[Wörth an der Donau]]. Dhammaan ururada dalxiiska maxalliga ah ee degmooyinkan ayaa sidoo kale xubno ka ah. === Dalxiiska === Degmadu waxay leedahay guryo fasax badan iyo meelo gaar loo leeyahay. Dalxiiska waxaa diiradda lagu saarayaa "fasaxyada beeraha". Waxaa jira xafiiska dalxiiska ee Altenthann - Bernhardswald - Kürn. === Gaadiidka === [[Bundesstraße 16]] (shan kiiloomitir u jirta) === Hay'adaha dadweynaha === * Kindergarten * Nursery * Sewage plant * Recycling centre * Youth club === Waxbarashada === * Dugsiga hoose === Warbaahinta === Wargeysyada iyo majaladaha maxalliga ah ee ugu waaweyn ee loo keeno degmada waxaa ka mid ah ''Donau-Post'', daabacaad maxalli ah oo ka mid ah ''Straubinger Tagblatt'' iyo ''Bayerwaldecho'', daabacaad maxalli ah oo ka mid ah [[Mittelbayerische Zeitung]] iyo ''Regensburger Wochenblatt'', daabacaad ka mid ah ''Wochenblatt Verlagsgruppe''. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Suugaanta == * Klaus Völger: ''Petrographie und Tektonik anatektischer Gesteine im Gebiet Wenzenbach-Altenthann''. Dissertation, TU Berlin, 1958. {{Authority control}} mwh9yc2z4lrijtn33gu3tosorb2697g 0 49327 302414 2026-07-15T08:37:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Altentreptow - Rathaus mit Pfarrkirche St. Petri.JPG |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada ee suuqa, kaniisadda Protestant-ka ee St. Petri |image_coa = DEU Altentreptow COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|53|40|N|13|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Altentreptow_in_MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Treptower Tollensewinkel |elevation = 15 |area = 53.08 |postal_code = 17087 |area_code = 03961 |licence = DM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 004 |divisions = 8 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.altentreptow.de/ www.altentreptow.de] |mayor = Claudia Ellgoth }} '''Altentreptow''' ({{IPA|de|altn̩ˈtʁeːpto|-|De-Altentreptow.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Tollense]] ee [[Western Pomerania]], 15 km waqooyi ka xigta [[Neubrandenburg]]. Ilaa 1939 magaca magaaladu wuxuu ahaa ''Treptow an der Tollense''. ==Taariikhda== Asalkii magaaladu wuxuu dib ugu noqdaa degsiimo [[Slavs|Slav]] ah oo ka koray qalcad ku taal buur yar, halkaas oo maanta ay ku taal kaniisadda magaalada. Magaca Treptow waxaa la sheegay markii ugu horreysay 1175, iyada oo la tixraacayo aasaaska kaniisad goobta ku taal, taas oo markii dambe u guurtay [[Verchen]]. Magaalada hadda jirta waxay u badan tahay in la aasaasay horraantii qarnigii 13aad, waxaana loogu yeeraa "civitas", i.e. [[Latin]] loogu talagalay "magaalo", 1245. 1282, dukumenti ayaa xaqiijinaya in magaalada ay xukumayeen [[Lübeck law|sharciyada Lübeck]]. Magaaladii qarniyadii dhexe waxay lahayd saddex kaniisadood, oo mid ka mid ah ay u badbaadday, iyo sidoo kale [[History of hospitals#Late medieval European hospitals|isbitaal qarniyadii dhexe]] iyo nidaam laba-laab ah oo darbiyada difaaca ah oo la dhisay ka hor 1360. Magaaladu waxay soo martay burbur badan iyada oo loo marayo dab iyo dagaal qarniyadii, 1743-kiina darbiyadii magaalada ayaa ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba laga saaray. Laba albaab oo magaalada ka mid ah oo ka soo jeeda c. 1450 wali way badbaadeen; ''Brandenburger Torturm'' iyo ''Deminner Torturm''. Midda dambe, kaliya dabaqa dhulka ayaa hadhay, iyadoo lagu daray iyo isbeddello lagu sameeyay qarnigii 19aad.<ref name=dehiomv>{{cite book |editor1-last= Feldmann|editor1-first= Hans-Christian|date= 2000|title= Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|location= Munich and Berlin|publisher= [[Deutscher Kunstverlag]]|pages= 6–8|isbn= 3-422-03081-6}}</ref> ==Dadka caanka ah== [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13676, Albert Grzesinski.jpg|left|thumb|140px|[[Albert Grzesinski]], 1926]] * [[Johann Christoph Droysen]] (1773–1816), wacdiyahii beeraha iyo deegaanka ee Jarmalka * William Hentschel (1874–1925), gabayaa maxalli ah * [[Albert Grzesinski]] (1879–1947), Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha ee Prussian laga bilaabo 1926 ilaa 1930 (SPD) * Manfred Schmidt (1929–2005), cilmi-nafsiga iyo siyaasiga Jarmalka (CDU) * [[Ilse Kaschube]] (dhalatay 1953), sprint canoer, bilad lacag ah oo kooxeed [[1972 Summer Olympics|Olimbikada Xagaaga 1972]] * [[Christine Wachtel]] (dhalatay 1965), ciyaaryahan Jarmal ah, bilad lacag ah [[1988 Summer Olympics|Olimbikada Xagaaga 1988]] ==La xiriira Altentreptow== * [[Fritz Reuter]] (1810–1874), gabayaa iyo qoraa * Joachim Rohde (1944-2022) Ciyaaryahan Jarmal ah - Tennis Borussia Berlin (60-meeyadii/70-meeyadii) * Sybille Kempf (dhalatay 1945), duqa magaalada ka dib markii uu isbeddelku dhacay 1992 ilaa 2012 * [[Sebastian Zbik]] (dhashay 1982), feeryahan Jarmal ah ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} *[http://www.altentreptow.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Altentreptow (Jarmal)] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYh4__anWLs Der Große Stein von Altentreptow] {{Authority control}} nrfd2xo5rux0yajm8cpsc9rwslq9tnn 0 49328 302415 2026-07-15T08:39:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Town = [[Cuxhaven]] |coordinates = {{coord|53|48|57|N|08|39|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_coa = Wapen_Olenwoold.jpg |state= |elevation= |area=25.03 |population=6158 |Stand=2017 |postal_code=27478 |area_code=04723 |image_plan=Olenwoold_in_de_Gemeen_Cuxhoben.svg |plantext=Goobta magaalada Cuxhaven |district = Cuxhaven |image_photo= |image_caption= }} '''Altenwalde''' waa tuulo ka tirsan magaalada [[Cuxhaven]] ee [[Lower Saxony]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cuxhaven-tours.de/kurteil-altenwalde.html | title=Altenwalde | work=Cuxhaven.de | accessdate=8 January 2019}}</ref> Altenwalde waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1282 iyada oo loo yaqaanay Wolde. 1 Luulyo 1972, Altenwalde waxaa lagu daray [[Cuxhaven]]. ==Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah== *[[Saint-Avé]], Faransiiska ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Commons}}}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altenwalde}} e5l71prt5c8r8v6h4wx3ayu7xah7xce 0 49329 302416 2026-07-15T08:55:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = |name_local = |image_photo = Container-Terminal-Altenwerder-CTA-2004.jpg |image_caption = Container Terminal Altenwerder sannadkii 2004 |type = Quarter |City = Hamburg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|30|0|N|9|55|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Harburg, Hamburg |divisions = |Bürgermeistertitel = |mayor = |area = 6.8 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Altenwerder}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |year = |plantext = Goobta Altenwerder ee Hamburg |image_plan = HH-Altenwerder-quarter.jpg }} '''Altenwerder''' ({{audio|De-Altenwerder.ogg|German pronunciation}}) waa rubuc ka tirsan [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]] degmada [[Hamburg|Magaalada Xorta ah ee Hanseatic ee Hamburg]] ee waqooyiga [[Jarmalka]]. Tuuladii hore ee jasiirad [[Elbe]] waxay noqotay aag ballaarinta dekedda 1960-meeyadii. 1970-meeyadii magaalada Hamburg waxay ku dhawaaqday in si rasmi ah loo wareejiyay dhammaan hantida si loo dhiso [[Container Terminal Altenwerder]]. Kaliya kaniisadda Altenwerder ayaa ka hartay dhismayaashii hore. Terminalku wuxuu bilaabay hawlgalkiisa 2003. Maanta, Altenwerder waa rubuc ku dhawaad aan lahayn dadweyne. Sannadkii 2023 dadku waxay ahaayeen 4. ==Taariikhda== [[Image:Altenwerder-1878.jpg|thumb|left|Khariidadda Altenwerder 1878]] Jasiiradda Altenwerder waxaa laga soocay jasiiradda Elbe ee Gorieswerder oo ay daadadku qariyeen Allerkindlein 1248. Dukumentiyada ugu da'da weyn ee soo hadhay ee xusaya tuulada Altenwerder ma xusayaan taariikh, laakiin waxaa taariikh ahaan u qoray taariikhyahanadu qiyaastii 1250. Intaa waxaa dheer, diiwaannada feudal ee kaniisadda Corvey waxay bixiyaan caddayn dadban oo ah in Altenwerder laga yaabo in la isticmaalay ama la dejiyay ka hor 844.[1] Magaca, oo lagu muujiyay dukumentiyada hore sida ''Oldenwerdere,'' waxaa lagu caddeeyey xaqiiqda ah in jasiiraddan Elbe, marka la barbardhigo Finkenwerder ama Silrandiswerder, la dejiyay ka hor iyo waqti dheer, ''Werder'' macnaheedu yahay jasiirad webi. Maadaama qaybo ka mid ah dhulka ay noqdeen kuwo aan la degi karin sababtoo ah taxane ah duufaanno, iyaga oo ka mid ah gaar ahaan daadkii Cäcilien 1412, Altenwerder ayaa dib loogu dhisay saldhigga heshiiska ee Febraayo 27, 1418 labadii madax ee Johann Slamsdorp, [[Archbishop of Bremen|Prince-Archbishop of Bremen]] iyo Duke of [[Brunswick-Lüneburg]]. ==Juqraafi== 2006 marka loo eego xafiiska tirakoobka ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein, rubuc Altenwerder wuxuu leeyahay aag dhan 6.8 km². Waqooyiga waa rubuc Waltershof ee degmada [[Hamburg-Mitte]], dhanka bari waa rubuc [[Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg|Wilhelmsburg]]. Alternwerder waxay xuduud la leedahay Koonfurta ilaa Moorburg iyo Galbeedka ilaa Francop. ==Dadweynaha== 2016 rubuc Altenwerder waxay ku noolaayeen 3 qof. 1999 waxaa jiray 18 qoys, kuwaas oo 11.1% ay lahaayeen carruur ka yar da'da 18 oo la nool iyaga iyo 83.3% dhammaan qoysaska waxay ka koobnaayeen shakhsiyaad. Celceliska xajmiga qoyska wuxuu ahaa 1.44.<ref>Source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (1999)</ref> '''Dadweynaha sannadkii''' <ref name="fact 2006">Residents registration office, source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1987 || 1988 || 1989 || 1990 || 1991 || 1992 || 1993 || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 || 1997 || 1998 || 1999 |- | 76 || 74 || 67 || 90 || 105 || 421 || 410 || 319 || 324 || 130 || 52 || 37 || 23 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 ||2009 ||2010 ||2011 ||2017 |- | 1 || 12 || 0 || n/a || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 |} 2006 waxaa jiray 54 dambiyo ciqaabeed.<ref>State Investigation Bureaux ([[Landeskriminalamt]]), source: statistical office Nord of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> <!-- ==Gaadiidka== --> ==Qoraallo== {{reflist}} ===Tixraacyo=== {{refbegin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080617222809/http://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/regional/regional.php Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein] Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, bogga rasmiga ah {{in lang|de}} {{refend}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 3awa5o5shnsitom4lzop3dcm09caahb 0 49330 302417 2026-07-15T08:57:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Alterkülz COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|01|56|N|7|27|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Alterkülz in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Kastellaun | elevation = 380 | area = 7.58 | postal_code = 56288 | area_code = 06762 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 001 | website = {{URL|http://www.alterkuelz.de/}} }} '''Alterkülz''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadaag ah – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmo]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxa kale oo ay tahay bulsho [[tourism|dalxiis]] (''Fremdenverkehrsgemeinde''). ==Juqraafi== ===Goobta=== Degmadu waxay ku taal dooxada Külzbach, iyada oo si aad ah u fidsan iyada oo la raacayo ''Landesstraße'' (Wadada Gobolka) 108, oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''Hauptstraße'' (“Waddada Weyn”) halkaas oo ay dhab ahaantii dhex marto tuulada. Dhererkeeda oo la socda waddadan ayaa horseeday in Alterkülz loogu yeero “Tuulada ugu Dheer [[Hunsrück]]”. Waxa kale oo degmada ka tirsan xarunta fog ee Osterkülzmühle ee dooxada Osterkülz, koonfur-bari ee xarunta ugu weyn. Dadaannada Alterkülz, marka loo eego jihada kombuyuutarka, waa sidan soo socota: {{Geographic Location|width=auto | Centre = Alterkülz | North = [[Spesenroth]] | Northeast = [[Laubach, Rhein-Hunsrück|Laubach]] | East = [[Klosterkumbd]] | Southeast = [[Neuerkirch]] | South = [[Michelbach, Rhein-Hunsrück|Michelbach]] | Southwest = [[Bell, Rhein-Hunsrück|Hundheim]] | West = | Northwest = [[Hasselbach, Rhein-Hunsrück|Hasselbach]] }} ==Taariikhda== [[File:alterkuelz01.jpg|thumb|left|Hoolka baadariga wuxuu ku yaallaa xarunta tuulada.]] Alterkülz waxay ilaa 1417 ka tirsanaan jirtay “Further” [[County of Sponheim]], iyo maxalli ahaan ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Kastellaun. Ka dib markii xariiqdan Sponheims ay dhimatay, tuuladu waxay la tagtay Kastellaun qaybta “Hinder” ee Degmada. Qarniyadii la soo dhaafay, Alterkülz waxay ka soo koray tuulooyin dhowr ah: Unterdorf (“Tuulada Hoose”), Mitteldorf (“Tuulada Dhexe”), Überbach iyo Wehr. Sida goor dambe 1865, hadda ''[[Ortsteil]]'' ee Wehr waxaa loo sheegay inuu yahay [[Hamlet (place)|tuulo]] u gaar ah. Marka laga baxo tuulada oo loo sii jeedo koonfurta, meel u dhow Külzbach, wabiga maxalliga ah, waxaa laga helaa hadhaagii [[Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe]] [[iron|bir]] wax lagu dhalaaliyo iyo waxa ka hadhay miinadii uu [[Iron ore|macdanta birta]] ka iman jirtay, Grube Eid. Sidoo kale waxaa halkaas laga helaa jiirad ay mar ku taallay [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] hanti, a [[villa rustica]]. Laga bilaabo 1901 ilaa 1983, tuuladu waxay ahayd joogsi ku yaal [[Simmern]]–[[Kastellaun]]–[[Boppard]] ''[[Hunsrückbahn]]'' ([[tareen]]) hore. Bilowgii qarnigii 21-aad, xaqiiqadii tareenka ee hore waxaa loo beddelay waddo baaskiil iyo [[hiking|lugayn]] oo ah [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt-paved]], ''[[Schinderhannes]]-Radweg'', oo loo magacaabay tuug caan ah oo Jarmal ah. 2005, degmadu waxay gaartay meel shanaad aagga tartanka gobolka ''Unser Dorf hat Zukunft'' (“Tuuladeenu mustaqbal ayay leedahay”). ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha degmada=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo loo doortay doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye. ===Duqa magaalada=== Duqa magaalada Alterkülz waa Alfons Rockenbach.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085434/http://www.stadt-kastellaun.de/Verbandsgemeinde-Alterkuelz.etc Duqa magaalada Alterkülz]</ref> ===Calanka magaalada=== Blazon-ka Jarmalka wuxuu akhrinayaa: ''Im geteilten Schild oben in Schwarz ein aufspringender goldener Ziegenbock, beseitet von zwei goldenen Ähren, unten von Rot und Silber geschachtet, belegt mit schräggekreuzten schwarzen Schlägel und Hammer.'' Gacmaha [[Coat of arms|hubka]] degmada waxaa laga yaabaa in luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga lagu tilmaami karo sidan: Per fess sable a billygoat springing between two ears of wheat couped in base Or and chequy of twenty-four gules and argent a hammer and a sledge per saltire of the first. Qaabka shaxanka cas iyo lacagta ee qaybta hoose ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] wuxuu tixraacayaa daacadnimadii hore ee tuulada ee “Hinder” [[County of Sponheim]] iyo ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Kastellaun. Sida hore 1283, Alterkülz waxaa lagu sheegayay dhowr dukumenti oo Sponheim ah (''cule'', ''kultze''). [[charge (heraldry)|chara]], dubbaha iyo maqaarka, waxay xusuusiyaan macdanta birta ee laga qodayay Grube Eid (miinada) laga bilaabo 1780 (sida ay ku aasaasan tahay diiwaannada taariikhiga ah) ilaa [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]]. Masagada sarreenka waxay u taagan yihiin [[agriculture|beeraha]], mar mar shaqada qof walba oo tuulo ah. Lordships badan ayaa halkan lagu siiyay, Sponheims, Koppensteins, Hunolsteins iyo Bourscheids. Bilygoat-ka soo boodayaa wuxuu matalaa xarunta fog ee Wehr, halkaas oo ''Wehrer Bick'' ku nool yihiin, ''Bick'' oo ah nooc maxalli ah oo [[German language|Jarmal]] ''Böcke'' (“bucks”, “xayawaan lab ah”, iyo sidaas darteed kiiskan, “billygoats”). Bilygoat-ku wuxuu kaloo qurxiyaa saqafka hoolka magaalada cusub. Gacmaha waxaa la waday tan iyo 23 Febraayo 1981.<ref>[http://www.alterkuelz.de/chronik/wappen.htm Sharaxaada iyo sharraxaadda hubka Alterkülz]</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko== ===Dhismaha=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismooyin ama goobo ku qoran [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] kaniisad, Hauptstraße 12 – bipolar [[aisleless church]], calaamadeeyay 1759; dhismaha oo dhan oo leh qabuuraha * [[Saint Joseph]]’s [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Chapel]] (''Kapelle St. Josef''), Dorfstraße 79 – slate quarrystone aisleless church, 1920/1921, naqshadeeye Marx, [[Trier]]; dhismaha oo dhan oo leh qabuuraha * Hauptstraße 11 – Evangelical rectory; dhisme leh saqaf nus-hipped ah, qayb ahaan slated [[timber framing]], calaamadeeyay 1786, barn * Hauptstraße 28 – dhisme leh hipped [[mansard roof]], qayb ahaan slated timber framing, calaamadeeyay 1816, barn; dhismaha oo dhan * Hauptstraße 30 – dhisme leh hipped mansard roof, qayb ahaan slated timber framing, calaamadeeyay 1811, barn; dhismaha oo dhan * Hauptstraße 31 – estate complex; timber-frame house, qayb ahaan adag, hipped mansard roof, qiyaastii 1900, timber-frame barn * Hauptstraße 46 – dhisme leh hipped mansard roof, qayb ahaan slated timber framing, qarnigii 19-aad, barn, qayb ahaan timber-frame; dhismaha oo dhan * Meel u dhow Hauptstraße 48 – warriors’ memorial 1914-1918; complex with [[sandstone]] relief slab, 1926 * Hauptstraße 109 – dhisme leh hipped mansard roof, qayb ahaan slated, [[Swiss chalet style]], 1922 * Laubacher Straße 10 – L-shaped estate; timber-frame house, plastered, qarnigii 18-aad, commercial wing<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> <gallery> File:Kirche-Alterkülz01.jpg|Hauptstraße 12: Evangelical church File:Alterkülz08.jpg|Hauptstraße 31: estate complex File:Kriegerdenkmal-Alterkülz01.jpg| Meel u dhow Hauptstraße 48: warriors’ memorial 1914-1918 </gallery> ===Naadiyada=== {| class="wikitable" ! Magaca !! Aasaasay !! Tiro ka mid ah xubnaha !! Guddoomiye !! Hawsha !! Sida at |- | ''Bauernverein''<br/>(“Farmers’ Club”) || qarnigii 19-aad || 30 || Horst Bender || Macluumaad, koorsooyin, caymiska dabka, matalaadda danaha iibsashada iyo iibinta dhulka || 1983 |- | ''Evangelische Frauenhilfe''<br/>(“Evangelical Women’s Aid”) || 1932 || 60 || Elisabeth Berg, Elli Schneider (Alterkülz) || Fasallada Baybalka, heesaha aaska || 1983 |- | ''Frauengymnastikgruppe''<br/>(“Women’s Gymnastic Group”) || 1975 || 23 || Ingrid Meurer || Isboortiga haweenka || 1983 |- | ''Feuerwehrverein Alterkülz''<br/>(“Alterkülz Firefighting Club”) || 1934 || 21 || Axel Werner || [[Firefighting]] ku celcelin, fiidkii macluumaadka ee [[fire prevention]] || 2007 |- | ''Gemischter Chor Alterkülz (Meisterchor)''<br/>(“Alterkülz Mixed Choir – Master Choir”) || 1830 || 36 || Horst Peuter || Concerts, iskaashiga xafladaha tuulada iyo bulshada, ka qaybgalka xafladaha heesaha || 2007 |- | ''Jugendraum Alterkülz''<br/>(“Alterkülz Youth Centre”) || 1999 || * || * || Kulanka bulshada || 2007 |- | ''Landfrauenvereinigung''<br/> (“Country Women’s Association”) || 1960 || ~36 || Regina Messerle || Koorsooyin, safarro macluumaad, dhacdooyin bulsho || 2007 |- | ''Musikverein Alterkülz e. V.''<br/>(“Alterkülz Music Club”) || 1924 || 60 firfircoon || Heinz-Walter Nowak || Concerts, iskaashiga dhacdooyinka tuulada, ka qaybgalka xafladaha muusikada, tababarka iyo horumarinta xirfadaha muusikada ee dhalinyarada || 2008 |- | ''Spielvereinigung Oberkülztal''<br/>(“Oberkülztal Games Club”) || 1928 || 82 firfircoon || Jürgen Meurer || [[Association football|football]], [[table tennis]] || 2008 |- |} ==Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha== ===Ganacsiyada la aasaasay=== Dadka kale, waxaa jira shirkad dhisme bir ah oo weyn, shirkad alwaax ah oo ku takhasusay dhismaha [[Conservatory (greenhouse)|conservatories]], ganacsiga masonry, [[inn]] iyo dhowr ganacsi oo beeraha ah. Buur ka mid ah tuulada barigeeda waxaa ku yaal [[wind farm]] oo leh toddobo [[wind turbine]]s oo ay samaysay [[Vestas]]. ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Sebastian Furck]] (qiyaastii 1600-1655), qarnigii 17-aad copper engraver ku dhashay Alterkülz ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=4586402/1lt509h/index.html Alterkülz] ee [[Südwestrundfunk|SWR]] barnaamijka ''Hierzuland'' {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alterkulz}} ofxxo6rjrw56z6sc1zvputoit6cznua 0 49331 302418 2026-07-15T08:58:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altertheim (Unterfranken) COA.svg |image_photo = Oberaltertheim Evangelische Kirche 006.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Lutheran-ka ee Oberaltertheim |coordinates = {{coord|49|43|N|9|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altertheim in WÜ.svg |state = |region = Unterfranken |district = Würzburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = [[Kist, Germany|Kist]] |elevation = 250-270 |area = 24.06 |postal_code = 97237 |area_code = 09307 |licence = WÜ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 79 165 |mayor = Bernd Korbmann<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD |website = [http://www.altertheim.de/ www.altertheim.de/] }} '''Altertheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltɐthaɪm}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Würzburg (district)|degmada Würzburg]] ee [[Bayern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} [ sfo7e82o2yevn6s2j1irp64jmg2xyph 0 49332 302419 2026-07-15T09:01:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altfraunhofen COA.svg |image_photo = Pfarrkirche Altfraunhofen.JPG |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Nicholas |coordinates = {{coord|48|26|55|N|12|10|02|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altfraunhofen in LA.svg |state = |region = Niederbayern |district = Landshut |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Altfraunhofen |elevation = 462-474 |area = 24.28 |postal_code = 84169 |area_code = 08705 |licence = LA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 74 114 |website = [http://www.vg-altfraunhofen.de www.vg-altfraunhofen.de] |mayor = Johann Schreff<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = FW }} '''Altfraunhofen''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Landshut (district)|Landshut]] ee [[Bayern]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Kahor 1800, Altfrauhofen waxaa xukumayay "Baron of Fraunhofen." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[imperial immediacy]] ee Fraunhofen aqoonsan ma ahayn amiirrada doorashada Bavarian. Markii [[Napoleon]] uu aasaasay [[Confederation of the Rhine]] 1806, magaaladu waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Bayern. Magaalada waxaa loo wareejiyay degmadeeda hadda intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka Bavarian ee 1818. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} czly8ygwn055l7tbw0l9hag13w6ss9n 0 49333 302420 2026-07-15T09:03:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altglienicke |name_local = |image_photo = Wasserturm-altglienicke-036.jpg |image_caption = Munaarada biyaha |type = Quarter |City = Berlin |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|52|25|00|N|13|32|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = Treptow-Köpenick |divisions = [[Altglienicke#Subdivision|1 aag]] |elevation = 34 |area = 7.89 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=110906}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 12524 |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1375 |plantext = Goobta Altglienicke ee Treptow-Köpenick iyo Berlin |image_plan = Map de-be altglienicke.png |website = [http://www.altglienicke.de Websaytka rasmiga ah] }} '''Altglienicke''' ({{IPA|de|altˈɡliːnɪkə|-|De-Altglienicke.ogg}}, macno ahaan ''Glienicke-gii hore'') waa deegaan (''Ortsteil'') ka tirsan [[Berlin]] oo ku yaal [[Boroughs of Berlin|degmada]] (''Bezirk'') ee [[Treptow-Köpenick]]. Ilaa 2001 waxay qayb ka ahayd degmadii hore ee [[Treptow]]. ==Taariikhda== Tuulada ''Glinik'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1375. [[Darbiga Berlin]] ayaa dhex maray Altglienicke (oo ku yaal [[East Berlin]]) iyo Rudow (oo ku yaal [[West Berlin]]) laga bilaabo 1961 ilaa 1990. Waxay sidoo kale ahayd goob loogu talagalay hawlgal sirdoon oo wadajir ah oo Maraykan iyo Ingiriis ah, [[Operation Gold]]. ==Juqraafi== ===Booska=== Deegaanku wuxuu ku yaal dhinaca koonfur-galbeed ee Treptow-Köpenick. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Rudow]] (oo ku yaal [[Neukölln]]), [[Johannisthal (Berlin)|Johannisthal]], [[Adlershof]], [[Grünau (Berlin)|Grünau]], [[Bohnsdorf]] iyo degmada [[Schönefeld]], ee degmada [[Dahme-Spreewald]] ee [[Brandenburg]]. ===Qaybaha=== Altglienicke wuxuu tirinayaa 1 aag (''Ortslage''): * [[Falkenberg (Altglienicke)|Falkenberg]] ==Gaadiidka== Altglienicke waxaa u adeega [[Berlin S-Bahn|Berliner S-Bahn]] khadadka [[S45 (Berlin)|S45]] iyo [[S9 (Berlin)|S9]], oo leh saldhigyada [[Altglienicke railway station|Altglienicke]] iyo [[Grünbergallee railway station|Grünbergallee]]. Meel u dhow deegaanka waa [[BER Airport – Terminal 5 station]], garoonkii hore ee [[Berlin Schönefeld Airport|"Berlin Schönefeld" international airport]], kaas oo hadda qayb ka ah [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport]]. ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Altglienicke station]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{commons-inline}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.altglienicke.de Websaytka rasmiga ah ee Altglienicke] {{Authority control}} jrsyf0q0zf7umf7psjkrzulbakzfwq1 0 49334 302421 2026-07-15T09:05:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Althegnenberg COA.svg |image_photo = Dorfplatz Althegnenberg Alte Schmiede.jpg |image_caption = Masonry-gii hore ee fagaashka tuulada |coordinates = {{coord|48|14|N|11|04|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Althegnenberg in FFB.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Fürstenfeldbruck |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mammendorf |elevation = 536 |area = 16.09 |postal_code = 82278 |area_code = 08202 |licence = FFB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 79 114 |website = [http://www.althegnenberg.de www.althegnenberg.de] |mayor = Rainer Spicker<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Althegnenberg''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]] ee [[Bayern]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka Althegnenberg, Hörbach iyo Lindenhof. ==Taariikhda== Xusitaankii ugu horreeyay ee dukumentiga Althegnenberg waxaa la sameeyay 1096 iyada oo loo yaqaanay ''Haginiberc'', taas oo u tarjumaysa "deegaan darbi leh oo ku yaal buurta". Hörbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1127 iyada oo ah ''Huruuuinin'', taas oo macnaheedu yahay "deegaan ku yaal qulqulatooyin dhoobo leh" (laga soo bilaabo ereyga Jarmalka Sare ee Dhexe ''hurwin'' oo loogu talagalay "dhoobo"). Dhinaca koonfur-bari ee magaalada waa buurta qalcadda - [[motte]] kor loo qaaday oo si macmal ah loo sameeyay oo ay ku hareereysan yihiin biyo-mareen. Buurta qalcadda waxaa ku yaallay qalcadda yar ee Hegnenberger, ''Burgstall Althegnenberg'' qarniyadii 12-aad iyo 13-aad. Hegnenberger waxay ahaayeen qoys ka tirsan [[ministeriales]], oo u adeegayay [[Guelphs]]-ka awoodda badan. Engelschalk iyo Hermann von Hegnenberg waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1192; waxay ka yimaadeen Swabia (Schmalegg meel u dhow [[Ravensburg]]) waxayna ahayd inay ilaaliyaan Guelph [[Altomünster Abbey]]. Waqtigoodii waxay ahaayeen la-taliyeyaal la raadiyo iyo dad aamin ah oo awood leh. Waxay goobjoogayaal ka ahaayeen caleemo-saarka, aasaaska kaniisadaha (Fürstenfeld), iyo macaamilka sharciga ah ee kaniisadda, dadka dalka iyo sharafta. Dhimashadii [[Welf VI]] ee 1191 dhammaan aagga [[Lechrain]] wuxuu u gudbay [[Staufer]]. Kuwan hoostooda, Hegnenberger waxay u kaceen inay noqdaan Reichsministerialen. Kaliya dhimashadii naxdinta lahayd ee boqorkii da'da yaraa [[Conradin]] (1268) hantidii Staufer waxay u gudubtay qoyska [[Wittelsbach]], sidaasna waxay ku timid Bayern. Hegnenberger waxay si aamin ah ugu adeegeen qoyska Wittelsbach. Waxay lahaayeen hanti ballaaran oo ku taal Bayern iyo Swabia. Qiyaastii 1300, waxay ka tageen kursigoodii awoowe waxayna dhisteen qalcaddoodii cusub ee Hofhegnenberg 4 km dhinaca galbeed ee Althegnenberg. Muddadan, Hofmark Hegnenberg oo xiran, oo ah hay'ad sharci ah oo ka kooban 7 tuulo, kuwaas oo kala ah Hofhegnenberg, Althegnenberg, Hörbach, Hausen, Steindorf, Tegernbach iyo mararka qaarkood sidoo kale Steinach, ayaa la abuuray. Sayidka Hofmark-kan waxay ahaayeen 1540 ilaa 1848, Counts of Hegnenberg - Dux. Intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Bayern ee 1818, degmooyinka Althegnenberg (oo ka kooban Althegnenberg iyo Lindenhof) iyo Hörbach ayaa la abuuray. Hörbach wuxuu qayb ka noqday Althegnenberg 1 Luulyo 1972 intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta degmada. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2u24pb6pzlmh828mkb2d2yfbmevjbkt 0 49335 302422 2026-07-15T09:07:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |image_coa = Wappen Althengstett.png |image_photo = Kirche Althengstett.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|48|43|24|N|8|47|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Althengstett in CW.svg |state = |region = Karlsruhe |district = Calw |elevation = 503 |area = 19.16 |postal_code = 75382 |area_code = 07051 |mayor = Rüdiger Klahm<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-althengstett-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Althengstett 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = |licence = CW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 35 007 |website = {{URL|http://www.althengstett.de/}} }} '''Althengstett''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Calw (district)|Calw]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Althengstett waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti ku taariikhaysan ilaa 1120 oo ku saabsan deeq la siiyay [[Hirsau Abbey]] iyadoo loogu magac daray "Hingesteten". Tuulada waxaa iibsaday 1301 [[Herrenalb Abbey]] iyo, waqti ka mid ah 1338 ilaa 1341, [[County of Württemberg]] ayaa loo magacaabay ilaaliyaha magaalada. Waxaa loo xilsaaray {{ill|Pfleghof|de|lt=monastic office}} oo ku taal [[Merklingen]].<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Althengstett|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/6770/Althengstett|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Althengstett waxay ku taal [[Calw (district)|degmada]] [[Calw]], ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], oo ah mid ka mid ah [[States of Germany|16 Gobol]] ee [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. Althengstett waxay ku taal muuqaal ku meel gaar ah oo u dhexeeya [[Northern Black Forest]] xagga galbeedka iyo {{ill|Upper Gäu|de|Obere Gäue}} xagga bari. Dhinaca koonfur-galbeed ee aagga degmada waa isha [[Tälesbach]], oo ah wabi ku yaal [[Nagold (river)|Nagold]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa sare oo dhan {{convert|596|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa hoose {{convert|444|m|sp=us}} NN.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qayb ka mid ah {{ill|Würm-Heckengäu|de}} [[Naturschutzgebiet|keydka dabiiciga ah]] ee federaalka laga ilaaliyo ayaa ku yaal aagga degmada Althengstett.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Siyaasadda== Althengstett waxay leedahay saddex xaafadood, Althengstett, Neuhengstett, iyo Ottenbronn, iyo degmada warshadaha ee Unterer Wald. [[abandoned villages|tuulooyinka cidla ah]] ee Schlehdorn iyo Schweichingen ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa aagga degmada.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ===Calanka magaalada=== [[coat of arms|calanka]] Althengstett wuxuu muujinayaa [[Argent|faraski cad]] oo taagan oo u jeeda bidix dhulka [[Vert (heraldry)|cagaaran]] dushiisa oo ah [[Field (heraldry)|beert]] [[Azure (heraldry)|buluug ah]]. Naqshadaynta calanka ayaa ah tixraac ku saabsan magaca Althengstett, oo la abuuray talada {{ill|Central State Archive Stuttgart|de|Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart}}. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma ahayn ilaa 1952 in [[Tincture (heraldry)|tincture]]-keeda la go'aamiyay oo ay ansixiyeen golaha degmada. Calanka ayaa la hayay ka dib markii la midoobay 1974 waxaana xafiiska degmada Calw u oggolaaday isticmaalka degmada 8 Juun 1982. Calan u dhigma degmada ayaa sidoo kale la soo saaray taariikhdaas.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Gaadiidka== Althengstett waxaa ku xiran [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka ee Jarmalka]] iyada oo loo marayo {{ill|Bundesstraße 295|de}} iyo shabakadeeda tareenka iyada oo loo marayo [[Black Forest Railway (Württemberg)|Black Forest Railway]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgesellschaft Bäderkreis Calw|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} (Jarmal) {{Authority control}} o8h14rtl3krwz9louhk7c2gwyzg3uuu 0 49336 302423 2026-07-15T09:09:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Althornbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|11|49|N|7|23|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Althornbach in PS.svg |state = |district = Südwestpfalz |Verbandsgemeinde = Zweibrücken-Land |elevation = 250 |area = 5.59 |postal_code = 66484 |area_code = 06338 |licence = PS |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 40 201 |website = [http://www.gemeinde-althornbach.de www.gemeinde-althornbach.de] |mayor = Bernd Kipp |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Althornbach''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Südwestpfalz]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f6asmqhjta6y7sramelqo6haifhxzq5 0 49337 302424 2026-07-15T09:11:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Haus in Althütte - panoramio.jpg |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Althütte COA.svg |image_plan = Althütte im Rems-Murr-Kreis.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|54|47|N|09|34|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Rems-Murr-Kreis |elevation = 497 |area = 18.15 |postal_code = 71566 |area_code = 07183 |licence = WN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 19 004 |website = {{URL|http://www.althuette.de/}} }} '''Althütte''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Rems-Murr-Kreis|Rems-Murr]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Degmada casriga ah ee Althütte waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo la isku daray tuulooyinka Althütte iyo Sechselberg sanadkii 1971.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Althütte|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/1275/Alth%C3%BCtte|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Degmada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Gemeinde]]'') ee Althütte waxay ku taal degmada [[Rems-Murr-Kreis|Rems-Murr]], ee gobolka [[States of Germany|Jarmalka]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Althütte waxay ku taal [[Murrhardt Forest]], oo ah gobol ka tirsan [[Swabian-Franconian Forest]] oo ballaaran. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa sare oo dhan {{convert|571|m|sp=us}} [[Normalnull]] (NN) ilaa hoose {{convert|339|m|sp=us}} NN.<ref name=LEO-BW/> Qaybo ka mid ah Hörschbachschlucht iyo {{ill|Strümpfelbach valley|de|Strümpfelbachtal}} [[Naturschutzgebiet|keydka dabiiciga ah]] ee federaalka laga ilaaliyo ayaa ku yaal aagga degmada Althütte.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Siyaasadda== Althütte waxay leedahay laba xaafadood (''Ortsteile''), Althütte iyo Sechselberg, iyo 16 tuulo: Fautspach, Gallenhof, Glaitenhof, Hahnenhof, Hörschhof, Hörschhöfer Sägmühle, Kallenberg, Klösterle, Lutzenberg, Nonnenmühle, Rottmannsberger Sägmühle, Schlichenhöfle, Schlichenweiler, Schöllhütte, Voggenhof, iyo Waldenweiler. Althütte waxay ku jirtaa {{ill|Vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft|de|lt=mutually-beneficial municipal association}} oo ay la leedahay magaalada [[Backnang]] iyo degmooyinka [[Allmersbach im Tal]], [[Aspach, Baden-Württemberg|Aspach]], [[Auenwald]], [[Burgstetten]], [[Kirchberg an der Murr]], [[Oppenweiler]], iyo [[Weissach im Tal]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> ===Calanka magaalada=== [[coat of arms|calanka]] degmada Althütte wuxuu muujinayaa laba [[Argent|tuubo oo dhalooyin lagu afuufo]] oo cad oo ka gudbaya [[Field (heraldry)|beert]] [[Azure (heraldry)|buluug ah]]. Calanku wuxuu tixraacayaa magaca Althütte iyo taariikhda Althütte ee xirfadda dhalooyinka. Calankan waxaa la abuuray ka dib soo jeedin ka timid {{ill|Central State Archive Stuttgart|de|Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart}} sanadkii 1924.<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Gaadiidka== Althütte waxaa ku xiran [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka ee Jarmalka]] iyada oo loo marayo ''[[Landesstraße]]n'' iyo ''[[Kreisstraße]]n'' maxalliga ah. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya [[Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart]].<ref name=LEO-BW/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirka dibadda== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} (Jarmal) {{Authority control}} 42zqiypnbelfqybh7ecmnzkibqrksik 0 49338 302425 2026-07-15T09:13:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Althüttendorf 01.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|52|58|00|N|13|48|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Althüttendorf_in_BAR.png |state = |district = Barnim |Amt = Joachimsthal (Schorfheide) |elevation = 75 |area = 18.79 |postal_code = 16247 |area_code = 03 33 61 |licence = BAR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 60 012 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.amt-joachimsthal.de/index.php?id=114 www.amt-joachimsthal.de] |mayor = Wilfried Kornack<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12060000 Landkreis Barnim Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 27 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Althüttendorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltˌhʏtn̩dɔʁf|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Althüttendorf.wav}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Barnim (district)|Barnim]] ee [[Brandenburg]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1947, Althüttendorf waxay ka mid ahayd [[Prussia]]n [[Province of Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1947 ilaa 1952 waxay ka tirsanayd Gobolka [[Brandenburg]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 waxay ka tirsanayd [[Bezirk Frankfurt]] ee [[East Germany]] waxaana laga bilaabo 1990 mar kale ay ka tirsan tahay Brandenburg. ==Dugsi ahaan== [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Althüttendorf.pdf|thumb|200px|left|Horumarka dadka tan iyo 1875 xuduudaha hadda (Khadka buluugga ah: Dadka; Khadka dhibcaha ah: Isbarbardhigga horumarka dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asal cawl: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi; Asal cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Althüttendorf: Horumarka dadka <br>gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2020)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helayaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 950 | 1890 | 713 | 1910 | 763 | 1925 | 770 | 1933 | 786 | 1939 | 773 | 1946 | 912 | 1950 | 966 | 1964 | 807 | 1971 | 783 | 1981 | 660 | 1985 | 664 | 1989 | 636 | 1990 | 625 | 1991 | 617 | 1992 | 701 | 1993 | 746 | 1994 | 766 | 1995 | 772 | 1996 | 748 | 1997 | 772 | 1998 | 776 | 1999 | 785 | 2000 | 766 | 2001 | 766 | 2002 | 737 | 2003 | 734 | 2004 | 764 | 2005 | 742 | 2006 | 738 | 2007 | 719 | 2008 | 785 | 2009 | 756 | 2010 | 749 | 2011 | 690 | 2012 | 805 | 2013 | 768 | 2014 | 675 | 2015 | 614 | 2016 | 564 | 2017 | 585 | 2018 | 579 | 2019 | 583 | 2020 | 607 }} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Althuttendorf}} 2eq7gug2noxohmxsz06k2jbmtghobw9 0 49339 302426 2026-07-15T09:15:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|53|N|12|45|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Altkalen_in_LRO.svg |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Gnoien |elevation = 37 |area = 45.74 |postal_code = 17179 |area_code = 039971 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 004 |mayor = Renate Awe |Bürgermeistertitel = Bürgermeisterin }} [[Image:Altkalen-windmuehle.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Mishiin dabayl oo u dhow Altkalen]] '''Altkalen''' ({{IPA|de|altˈkaːlən}}, {{lit|Kalen-gii hore}}, oo ka duwan "[[Neukalen|Kalen-gii cusub]]") waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Taariikhda== Kalen waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti laga bilaabo 1174. Magaca "Kalen" waa asal Slavic ah oo macnaheedu yahay "dhiiqo" ama "qoyan". Ka dib 1236, Kalen waxaa loo ballaariyay magaalo leh qalcado xoog leh. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} grj8m15jnpyl9feuz0g8u4bry4vqdco 0 49340 302427 2026-07-15T09:17:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Altlandsberg COA.svg |image_flag = Flag of Altlandsberg.png |image_photo = Altlandsberg asv2022-09 img04 Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Xarunta magaalada |coordinates = {{coord|52|34|00|N|13|43|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altlandsberg in MOL.png |state = |district = Märkisch-Oderland |elevation = 57 |area = 106.6 |postal_code = 15345 |area_code = 033438 |licence = MOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 64 029 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |mayor = Michael Töpfer<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12064000 Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters]. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = madax-bannaan |website = [http://www.altlandsberg.de/ www.altlandsberg.de] }} '''Altlandsberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltlantsˌbɛʁk|-|De-Altlandsberg.ogg}}) waa [[German town law|magaalo]] taariikhi ah oo ku taal degmada [[Märkisch-Oderland]], ee [[Brandenburg]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Berlin]]. ==Taariikhda== Altlandsberg waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1230, waxayna ku taallay goob uu markii hore ka jiray deegaan [[Polabian Slavs|Slavic]] ([[Sprevane]]). Deegaanka ayaa markii dambe dib loo dejiyay intii lagu jiray [[Ostsiedlung]]-kii Jarmalka, taas oo ay kor u qaadeen labadaba [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] Margraves ee [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] iyo kuwa xafiiltama ee Margraves ee [[Margraviate of Meissen|Meissen]] oo ka tirsan [[House of Wettin]]. Magaca magaaladu waxa laga yaabaa inuu tixraaco qalcadda Saxon [[Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt|Landsberg]] sidaas darteedna uu tilmaamayo aasaas ay sameeyeen Wettins. 1245 xiisaduhu waxay u kaceen iska horimaad hubaysan, kaas oo ay Ascanians-ku ku guuleysteen inay ilaashadaan dhulkooda. Waqtigaas ka dib Altlandsberg waxay la joogtay Brandenburg. [[File:Altlandsberg asv2022-09 img06 Ortskern Luftbild.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka sare ee Altlandsberg]] Magaalada waxaa lagu dhisay codsi ka yimid madaxdii Ascanian, beddelkoodii Margrave [[Louis V, Duke of Bavaria|Louis I]] oo ka yimid [[House of Wittelsbach]] ee Bavarian ayaa xitaa aasaasay kaniisad ka tirsan [[Servite Order]] 1335, taas oo la kala diray intii lagu jiray [[Protestant Reformation]]. Altlandsberg waxaa burburiyay [[Hussite Wars|Hussites]] 1432, waxaana saameeyay dhowr dab oo magaalada ah iyo cudurka [[Plague (disease)|daacuunka]] qarnigii 16-aad. Magaaladii dhexe ayaa gebi ahaanba gubatay 1632 intii lagu jiray [[Thirty Years' War]]. [[hoard|Kayd]] ka kooban 7450 qadaadiic dahab iyo qalin ah oo soo bilaabmay qarnigii 14-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 15-aad ayaa laga helay dhulka ay ku taallay gurigii hore ee manor dabayaaqadii 2016. Taariikhuhu waxay soo jeedinayaan in lagu aasay si loo ilaaliyo intii lagu jiray dagaalladii Hussite. Waa tan ugu weyn ee ilaa hadda laga helay gobolka Brandenburg, waxaana hadda lagu baarayaa matxafka qadiimiga ah ee [[Brandenburg an der Havel]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/Gestatten-Brandenburgs-groesster-Schatz | date = 21 December 2016 | author = Gudrun Jänicke | title = Gestatten, Brandenburgs größter Schatz | newspaper = Märkische Allgemeine}}</ref> == Dadka == <gallery widths="250" heights="200"> File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Altlandsberg.pdf|Horumarka Dadka tan iyo 1875 gudaha Xuduudaha Hadda (Khadka Buluugga ah: Dadka; Khadka Dhibcaha ah: Isbarbardhigga Horumarka Dadka ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asal cawl: Waqtigii xukunka Nazi; Asal cas: Waqtigii xukunka shuuciga) File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Altlandsberg.pdf|Horumarka Dadka ee Dhawaan iyo saadaalin (Horumarka Dadka ka hor tirakoobka 2011 (khad buluug ah); Horumarka Dadka ee Dhawaan marka loo eego [[Census in Germany]] ee 2011 (khadka xuduudaha buluugga ah); Saadaasha rasmiga ah ee 2005-2030 (khad huruud ah); ee 2017-2030 (khad guduudan); ee 2020-2030 (khad cagaaran) </gallery> {{historical populations |align=none | cols=3 | percentages=pagr |title = Altlandsberg: Horumarka dadka <br>gudaha xuduudaha hadda (2020)<ref>Ilaha xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helayaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 3875 | 1890 | 4214 | 1910 | 4437 | 1925 | 6029 | 1939 | 8188 | 1950 | 9326 | 1964 | 5935 | 1971 | 5853 | 1981 | 5043 | 1985 | 4942 | 1990 | 4799 | 1995 | 5265 | 2000 | 7903 | 2005 | 8677 | 2010 | 8806 | 2015 | 9158 | 2016 | 9298 | 2017 | 9371 | 2018 | 9490 | 2019 | 9526 | 2020 | 9662 }} == Duqa magaalada == 1993 [[Ravindra Gujjula]] ayaa loo doortay duqa magaalada, wuxuu xafiiska hayay ilaa 2003.<ref name="Brandeins, 02/2004">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandeins.de/archiv/2004/mythos-zahl/der-fremde-und-seine-heimat/|title = Der Fremde und seine Heimat - brand eins online}}</ref> Manfred Andruleit wuxuu ahaa duqa magaalada laga bilaabo 2003 ilaa 2007. Luulyo 2007 Arno Jaeschke (madax-bannaan) ayaa lagu doortay 54,8% codadkii.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s Ergebnis der Bürgermeisterwahl am 1. Juli 2007]</ref> Waxaa dib loo doortay Juun 2015 iyadoo 56,8% codadkii ah.<ref>[http://www.wahlen.brandenburg.de/bmwahlen/1206402900/s Ergebnis der Bürgermeisterstichwahl am 14. Juni 2015]</ref> == Wiilal iyo gabdho ka soo jeeda magaalada == * {{ill|Friedrich Wilhelm Langerhans|de}} (1780–1851), naqshadeeye iyo qorsheeyaha magaalada Berlin * {{ill|Fritz Kunert|de}} (1850–1931), xubin baarlamaan (SPD) * [[Erasmus Schöfer]] (1931-2022), qoraa * {{ill|Herbert Graedtke|de}} (dhashay 1941), jilaa tiyaatar iyo agaasime * [[Dagmar Enkelmann]] (dhashay 1956), xubin baarlamaan ([[The Left (Germany)|Die Linke (''"The Left"'')]]) * Paul Palm (1913-1990), taliyaha taangiga Wehrmacht iyo qaataha Cross-ka Dahabka ah ee Jarmalka == Shakhsiyaad kale oo la xiriira magaalada == * Frederick I (Prussia)(1657–1713), boqorkii ugu horreeyay ee Prussia, waxaa lagu barbaaray Altlandsberg * [[Gujjula Ravindra Reddy]] (dhashay 1954), 1993-2003 duqa magaalada sharafta leh ee Altlandsberg == Gallery == <gallery mode=packed heights=140px> File:Altlandsberg church.jpg|Kaniisadda Altlandsberg File:Gielsdorf Kirche.jpg|Kaniisadda Gielsdorf File:Friedrich I of Prussia.jpg|Friedrich I oo Prussia ah qiyaastii 1701 </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} 5ozt4subga6bepip7akoer3u98n9xrt 0 49341 302428 2026-07-15T09:19:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Altlay COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|59|15.66|N|7|16|14.75|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altlay in COC.svg |state = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Zell (Mosel) |elevation = 300 |area = 5.75 |postal_code = 56858 |area_code = 06543 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 003 |divisions = |website = [http://www.altlay.de/ www.altlay.de] |mayor = Wolfgang Klein<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Altlay''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Cochem-Zell]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''[[Verbandsgemeinde|Verbandsgemeinde]]'' ee Zell, oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell an der Mosel]]. == Juqraafi == Degmadu waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Hunsrück]] inta u dhaxaysa [[Frankfurt-Hahn Airport]] (3 km dhinaca koonfureed) iyo [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] joogga qiyaastii 300 m ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Waqooyiga tuulada, Altlayer Bach wuxuu maraa doox cidhiidhi ah oo ku sii jeeda Moselle. Altlay waxay 8 km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]] iyo 11 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigtaa magaalada [[Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück|Kirchberg]]. == Taariikhda == Horraantii 1107, degmada waxaa lagu xusay magaca ''Leia''.<ref>Ludwig Armbrust: Hunsrücker Ortsnamen in den Kreisen Simmern und Zell</ref> Qiyaastii 1489, [[slate]] macdanta u dhow Altlay ayaa la xusay.<ref>Sponheimer Urkunde, Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz, Bestand 33, Urkunde 20163 vom 20. Juni 1489</ref> Laga bilaabo 1794, Altlay waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1815 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Shirweynihii Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Marka loo eego ''Verwaltungsvereinfachungsgesetz'' (“Sharciga Fududeynta Maamulka”) ee 18 Luulyo 1970, oo dhaqan galay 7 Noofambar 1970, degmada waxaa lagu daray [[Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Zell]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad]] ah doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350500300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Altlay waa Wolfgang Klein, ku-xigeenadiisuna waa Werner Boos iyo Edgar Engelbach.<ref>[http://www.zell-mosel.de/content/view/264/140/ Altlay’s council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719115605/http://www.zell-mosel.de/content/view/264/140/ |date=2011-07-19 }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo ku taxan [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee Saint Barbara (''Pfarrkirche St. Barbara''), Hauptstraße 34 – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church]] laga bilaabo 1771; dibadda: iskutallaab bir ah laga bilaabo 1775; [[mission cross]] laga bilaabo 1868. * Meel u dhow Fuchsstraße 8 – [[Cast iron|birta la shubay]] iskutallaab. * Hauptstraße 43 – dhismo hantiyeed oo ku teedsan waddada, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] guri, qayb ahaan adag ama la saaray, qarnigii 18-aad/19-aad; dhismo dhan oo leh baalal ganacsi. * Kuhtrift 10 – dhismo hantiyeed oo ku teedsan waddada, guri timber-frame ah, qayb ahaan adag, qarnigii 19-aad. * Bleesmühle – guri timber-frame ah, horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Macdanta Slate === Dooxada Altlayer Bach, [[slate]] waxaa laga qoday dusha sare ka dib markii macdanta dhulka hoostiisa laga tanaasulay qarnigii 20-aad. Macdanta dhulka hoostiisa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar kale ayaa la samaynayaa hadda oo la furay kayd cusub oo aad u qaali ah in laga shaqeeyo dusha sare oo saameyn xun ku yeelan lahaa muuqaalka muuqaalka. Qadarka badan ee macdanta lagu kharribay ayaa hadda sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu buuxiyo macdanta dhulka hoostiisa ee hore. Dukumeenti [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] oo taariikhdiisu tahay 20 Juun 1489, macdanta slate ee "u dhow Altlay" ayaa la xaqiijiyay in la sameeyay horraantii wakhtigaas. === Macdanta birta ee aan ferrous-ka ahayn === Sidoo kale waxaa Altlay laga qoday qarniyo badan macdanta birta ee aan ferrous-ka ahayn. Ilaa 1959-kii oo ku taal Adolph-Helene pit, [[trade union|ururka]] Barbarasegen wuxuu qoday, kuwa kale, [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[silver]] iyo [[copper]] macdan. Sida lagu qiyaasay, 384 000 t oo macdan ah ayaa la qoday.<ref>Johannes Stets, Bonn: Zur Buntmetallvererzung im Hunsrück am Beispiel der Vorkommen bei Altlay; [[Hunsrückverein]] e.V. Jahrbuch 2010</ref> Waxa kale oo jiray [[narrow gauge railway]] laga bilaabo godka ilaa [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell]] si loogu raro macdanta la qoday. 1957, godka Adolph-Helene waxaa loo kiraystay shirkadda macdanta [[Stolberger Zink]], laakiin waxay hawlgalka xireen laba sano ka dib.<ref>[http://www.zeit.de/1957/30/NE-Metallpreise-diktieren-die-Ertraege Die Zeit, Nr. 30, 25.07.2957]</ref> Qiimaha macdanta birta oo hoos u dhacay ayaa horseeday in aan faa'iido lahayn. In kasta oo qiimihii uu mar dambe kor u kacay, godka waxaa loo arkay in aanu u qalmin in mar kale la furo.<ref>Die Erzgrube "Adolph Helene" in Altlay, Simone Bey, Jahrbuch 1990, Kreis Cochem-Zell</ref> Maanta waxaa la arki karaa oo kaliya haraadiga xarumaha warshadaha ee hore. [[headframe]]-ka waxaa la dumiyay 1960-meeyadii. Dhismayaashii kale way burbureen.<ref>[http://rhein-zeitung.de/07/06/13/L/00000184.html RZ-Online Artikelarchiv vom 13. Juni 2007]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.altlay.de/ Websaytka rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{Authority control}} lokx283cj2osb39qa9yzgrjroy3xlpl 0 49342 302429 2026-07-15T09:22:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altleiningen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|30|29|N|08|04|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altleiningen in DÜW.svg |state = |district = Bad Dürkheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Leiningerland |elevation = 301 |area = 11.47 |postal_code = 67317 |area_code = 06356 |licence = DÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 32 001 |website = [https://www.vg-l.de/ortsgemeinden/altleiningen/ www.vg-l.de/ortsgemeinden/altleiningen/] |mayor = Gunther Schneider<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Dürkheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Altleiningen''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal joogga 300 m ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Palatinate Forest]] ee dooxada Eckbach, oo ah 39 km oo biyo-mareen ah oo ku shuba [[Rhine]]. Altleiningen waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Leiningerland (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Leiningerland]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Grünstadt]]. == Taariikhda == === Magaca === Altleiningen, oo markii hore ahaa ''Leiningen'', ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 780 markii [[Lorsch Abbey]]’s [[Lorsch codex|buugga hantida]] lagu qoray hanti kayd ah ''in linunga marca'' ([[Latin]] macnaheedu yahay “deegaanka Leiningen”). Magacaabiddu waxay tixraacaysaa ''Leinbaum'', oo ah magac maxalli ah oo wakhtigaas inta badan loo isticmaali jiray [[Acer platanoides|Norway Maple]], laakiin mararka qaarkoodna [[Tilia platyphyllos|geedka linden ee caleenta ballaaran]]. Maadaama labada geedba inta badan laga helay iyagoo ku koraya dhinaca Eckbach, biyo-mareenka wakhtigan ayaa sidoo kale lagu magacaabay ''Leinbach''. Magaca degmadu waxa kale oo ka soo jeeda magaca qoyska sharafta leh ee [[House of Leiningen|Leiningen]]. Qoyskani waxa uu haystay waxa loogu yeero ''Leiningerland'' qarniyo badan. === Maamulka maxalliga ah === Ka dib [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], degmadu waxay markii hore ka tirsanayd degmada Frankenthal, taas oo intii lagu jiray dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Rhineland-Palatinate la baabi'iyay 1969. Altleiningen ayaa markaa isku aragtay degmada cusub ee Bad Dürkheim. 1972, Altleiningen waxay sidoo kale isku aragtay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Hettenleidelheim oo iyaduna cusub. === Diinta === 2007, 45.7% dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 30.1% [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]]. Inta kale waxay ka tirsanaayeen diimo kale ama aysan waxba raacin.<ref>[http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm KommWis, Stand: 31.12.2007]</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinka soo socda: {| class="wikitable" |--- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !'''Xisbiyada iyo bulshooyinka codbixiyayaasha''' !align="center" | '''%<br />2009''' !align="center" | '''Kuraasta<br />2009''' !align="center" | Farqiga<br />2004 |---- |WG Dennhardt |align="right" |35.0 |align="right" |6 |align="right" |+2 |---- |FWG |align="right" |32.8 |align="right" |5 |align="right" |-2 |---- |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |align="right" |20.5 |align="right" |3 |align="right" |+1 |---- |WG Köhler |align="right" |6.3 |align="right" |1 |align="right" |+1 |---- |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] |align="right" |5.4 |align="right" |1 |align="right" |-2 |} === Duqa magaalada === {|width=80% |width=50% valign=top| laga bilaabo 2019 Gunther Schneider<br /> 2009–2019 Frank Dennhardt (WG)<br /> 1992–2009 Karl Meister (FWG)<br /> 1990–1992 Michael Haab (CDU)<br /> 1979–1990 Otwin Frank (FWG)<br /> 1974–1979 Jakob Neu (CDU)<br /> 1971–1974 Gerd Abel (WG)<br /> 1969–1971 Friedrich Dörner (WG)<br /> 1952–1969 Jakob Neu (CDU)<br /> 1948–1952 August Dörner<br /> 1945–1948 Christoph Bohn II.<br /> 1934–1945 Johannes Jotter II.<br /> 1933 (Juun–Diseembar) August Alebrand<br /> |width=50% valign=top| 1931–1933 Christoph Bohn II.<br /> 1910–1931 Karl Heinrich Klein<br /> 1899–1909 Heinrich Müller<br /> 1894–1899 Karl Krauß I.<br /> 1871–1894 Heinrich Müller III.<br /> 1870–1871 Johann Müller IV.<br /> 1859–1869 Philipp Jakob Zimmermann<br /> 1848–1859 Samuel Krebill<br /> 1844–1848 Heinrich Krebill<br /> 1842–1844 Heinrich Haartung<br /> 1820–1842 Abraham Krebill<br /> 1814–1820 Jakob Zimmermann<br /> 1808–1814 Abraham Krebill<br /> 1804–1808 Georg Walter |} === Calanka magaalada === Blazon-ka Jarmalka ayaa akhrinaya: ''In Rot ein schwebendes angetatztes goldenes Kreuz mit eingeschlagenen eichenblattartigen Verzierungen an den Balkenenden, bewinkelt von vier silbernen Adlern.'' Hubka degmada [[Coat of arms|hubka]] waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sidan: Gules a cross pattée couped oo leh qurxinta caleenta geedka ee dhammaadka cudud kasta Or inta u dhaxaysa afar gorgor oo la soo bandhigay argent. Hubka waxaa ansixiyay ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Rheinhessen-Pfalz]] oo hadda la baabi'iyay. Waxay dib ugu noqotaa shaabad laga soo bilaabo 1716. Waxay la mid yihiin hubka ay qaadeen Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg, oo lahaa xaruntoodii hore ee Castle Altleiningen.<ref>Karl Heinz Debus: ''Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz''. Neustadt an der Weinstraße 1988, {{ISBN|3-9801574-2-3}}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo dalxiiska == [[File:Burg Altleiningen Jugendherberge.JPG|thumb|Qaybta gudaha ee Qasriga, oo hadda ah hostel dhalinyaro]] [[File:st.jacob.jpg|thumb|St. Jacob's oo ku taal xarunta fog ee Höningen. gadaasha midig, gaabka galbeed ee kaniisadda kaniisadda burburay]] === Qasriga Altleiningen === [[Altleiningen Castle]] (''Burg Altleiningen'') waxaa laga dhisay meesha ugu sarreysa buur, qiyaastii 400 oo mitir oo dherer ah, taas oo ka sarreysa bangiga bidix ee Eckbach. Qasriga gudihiisa waxaa ku yaal [[youth hostel|hostel dhalinyaro]] iyo – xabada – [[swimming pool|barkad dabaasha]] kulul. In saqafka ''Ehrenhalle'' – "Hall of Honour" – qol laga soocay barxadda qasriga by arcades, kooxda tiyaatarka hiwaayadda, Altleiningen Castle Players (''Burgspiele Altleiningen'') ayaa soo saarayay ciyaaro adag – classical, casri ah, inta badan sidoo kale qaar leh dhinacyo taariikhi ah – sanad walba bilaha xagaaga ilaa 1980. === Höningen Abbey iyo Kaniisadda St. James === Höningen, oo qiyaastii 2 km koonfur ka xigta, waa [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] Church of St. James (''Kirche St. Jacob'') iyo haraaga kaniisadda canonical ee Höningen. Kan dambe wuxuu leeyahay iridda laga galo xagga waqooyi, iyo gaabka galbeed ee dhismayaasha convent iyo kaniisadda kaniisadda ayaa barbar socda waddada sare ee casriga ah. Saint James’ iyo abbey labaduba waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii 1120. Laba [[letters patent|warqado patent]], mid kasta oo ka mid ah [[Pope Innocent II]] iyo Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Friedrich Barbarossa]], waxay hoosta ka xariiqayaan muhiimadda kaniisadda wakhtigii la aasaasay. === Höningen Latin School === Xusuusinta Höningen Latin School (''Höninger Lateinschule'', 1573–1630), kaas oo ''Leininger-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]'' ee [[Grünstadt]] uu xididada ku leeyahay, waa aqal iridda oo ku yaal waddada dambe. === 20-Pipe Well === Laga soo bilaabo [[20-Pipe Well]] (''20-Röhren-Brunnen''), kaas oo laga quudiyo adit oo si qoto dheer loogu quusiyay dhagaxa qiyaastii 1600 si loo siiyo qasriga kor ku xusan biyo, Eckbach maanta wuxuu soo jiitaa inta badan socodkiisa. Waa sidoo kale halkan in 19 km [[Eckbach Mill Path|Eckbach Mill baaskiil iyo jidka socodka]] bilaabmaa, kaas oo raacaya wabiga hoose ilaa [[Dirmstein]]. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Ganacsiyada la aasaasay === Goobta warshadaha Drahtzug waxay ku taal Eckbach 2 km waqooyi-bari ee tuulada waxaana loogu magac daray [[Drahtzug Stein|Drahtzug Stein GmbH + Co. KG]], kaas oo leh xarun wax soo saar halkaas. Ganacsigu waa midka ugu weyn ee loo shaqeeyaha degmada Bad Dürkheim. === Gaadiidka === [[Leiningen Valley Railway]] waxay mar ku orodday Altleiningen ilaa Grünstadt. Adeegyada rakaabka ayaa laga shaqeeyay khadka 1903 ilaa 1969 iyo, ilaa dabayaaqadii 2005, qaybta haray ee tareenka ayaa wali ku shaqeeya taraafikada alaabta ee qaybta Grünstadt–Drahtzug si loogu adeego warshadda. Adeegga baska ee khadka Grünstadt–Altleiningen ayaa istaaga Drahtzug. == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilal iyo gabdho ka soo jeeda magaalada === * [[Phil Jutzi]], agaasimaha filimada * Winfried Storhas, borofisar ku takhasusay tignoolajiyada [[Bioreactor|Bioreaction]], Jaamacadda Mannheim === Dadka caanka ah ee la xiriira degmada === * [[Silvio Adzic]], [[Association football|ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah]], wuxuu ku koray Altleiningen == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons}} *[http://www.altleiningen.de/ Websaytka rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{Authority control}} kv9knuyr96or5tlxsvvob24tcl9kywh 0 49343 302430 2026-07-15T09:24:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altmannstein COA.svg |image_photo = Altmannstein (municipality) Panoramic view, Altmühltal, Germany.JPG |image_caption = Altmannstein |coordinates = {{coord|48|54|N|11|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altmannstein in EI.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Eichstätt |elevation = 388 |area = 114.14 |postal_code = 93336 |area_code = 09446 |licence = EI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 112 |divisions = 14 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.altmannstein.de/ www.altmannstein.de] |mayor = Norbert Hummel<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Altmannstein''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltmanˌʃtaɪn}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Oidmannstoa'') waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} qubgst39j6uq69yw2mrer1noxfckg9d 0 49344 302431 2026-07-15T09:26:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = AltmittweidaTeich.jpg |image_caption = Balli ku yaal Altmittweida |image_coa = Wappen altmittweida.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|58|4|N|12|57|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altmittweida in FG.png |state = |district = Mittelsachsen |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Mittweida |elevation = 286 |area = 14.07 |postal_code = 09648 |area_code = 03727 |licence = FG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14522010 |website = [http://www.landkreis-mittweida.de/lkmw/land-und-leute/staedte-gemeinden/altmittweida.htm Gemeinde Altmittweida] |mayor = Jens-Uwe Miether<ref>[https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlen/bm/BM2001-2018/B%fcrgermeisterwahlen%202001-2018/wahlen.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlarchiv/pkg_w04_nav5c95.html Bürgermeisterwahlen 2018], Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;25 }} '''Altmittweida''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Mittelsachsen]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} r1rigs76ekbkdthqjzd908sl4ylra8w 0 49345 302432 2026-07-15T09:29:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_coa = DEU Altomünster COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|48|23|N|11|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Altomünster in DAH.svg | state = | region = Oberbayern | district = Dachau | elevation = 518 | area = 75.79 | postal_code = 85250 | area_code = 08254 | licence = DAH | Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 74 111 | divisions = 47 [[Ortsteil]]e | website = {{URL|http://www.altomuenster.de}} | mayor = Michael Reiter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 | party = | image_photo = Sankt Alto und Birgitta (Altomünster).jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Kaniisadda St Alto iyo Birgitta }} '''Altomünster''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Dachau (district)|Dachau]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Juqraafi == === Goobta juqraafi === Suuqa wuxuu ku yaallaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Dachau, waxaana uu ku dhow yahay bartamaha saddex xagalka ay sameeyeen magaalooyinka [[Munich]], [[Augsburg]] iyo [[Ingolstadt]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal waddada gobolka DAH 2. Qulqulka Stumpfenbach ayaa mara Altomünster, kaas oo ku shuba [[Zeitlbach]]. === Qaab-dhismeedka degmada === Markt Altomünster waxaa loo habeeyay 48-ka tuulo ee soo socda: Altomünster, Arnberg, Asbach, Breitenau, Deutenhofen, Erlach, Erlau, Freistetten, Haag, Halmsried, Hohenried, Hohenzell, Humersberg, Hutgraben, Irchenbrunn, Kiemertshofen, Lauterbach, Lichtenberg, Maisbrunn, Obererlach, Oberndorf, Oberschröttenloh, Oberzeitlbach, Ottelsburg, Ottmarshausen, Pfaffenhofen, Pipinsried, Plixenried, Radenzhofen, Rametsried, Randelsried, Reichertshausen, Röckersberg, Rudersberg, Ruppertskirchen, Schauerschorn, Schielach, Schloßberg, Schmarnzell, Schmelchen, Sengenried, Stumpfenbach, Teufelsberg, Thalhausen, Übelmanna, Unterzeitlbach, Wollomoos iyo Xyger. == Taariikhda == === Jadwalka === Sannadkii 750 AD, suufi socotayaal ah oo la odhan jiray [[Alto of Altomünster|Alto]] ayaa yimid aagga wuxuuna aasaasay kaniisad yar. Kahor 1000, [[Guelphs]] waxay dhisteen kaniisad [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]]. [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]] wuxuu keenay 1,056 suufi si ay u dejiyaan canabka kaniisadda ee dhawaan la aasaasay ee Altdorf (hadda [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Weingarten]]), halka nunadii hore looga aasaasay Altdorf ay yimaadeen Altomünster. Waxay ku noolaayeen halkaas ilaa burburkii kaniisadda 1488 ee [[Pope Innocent VIII]]. Qiyaastii 1310, dukeyaashii [[Wittelsbach]] waxay siiyeen dadka deggan xuquuqda magaalada. 4 Oktoobar 1391 xuquuqda suuqa iyo magaalada waxaa xaqiijiyay Duke [[Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria]]. Qiyaastii 1420, dukeyaashii Ingolstadt waxay dhisteen goobta suuqa. 1496, Duke [[George, Duke of Bavaria|George of Bavaria]] wuxuu siiyay nunaha Amarka [[Bridget of Sweden|St. Bridget of Sweden]] ee ka yimid [[Maihingen]] oggolaansho ay kaniisad kaga aasaasaan Altomünster. 18 Maarso 1803, kaniisadda ugu dambeyntii waa la kala diray, inkasta oo markii dambe la soo nooleeyay. Maanta, marka laga reebo laan ku taal Bremen, waa kaniisaddii ugu dambaysay ee Amarka St. Bridget of Sweden ee Jarmalka. 1823, Altomünster waxay lumisay heerkeedii magaalada waxayna noqotay degmo miyi ah oo leh xuquuq suuq. Sababta ugu weyn ee tani waxay ahayd xiritaanka kaniisadda, taas oo ahayd shaqo-bixiyaha ugu weyn ee bixiya dhammaan kharashyada maamulka. 1862 waxaa la dhisay cisbitaal. 1869 waxaa la dhisay xanaano carruureed. 1882 waxaa la aasaasay Bangiga Kaydka Suuqa. Waxaa jiray warshado biirka Altomünster tan iyo 1490-meeyadii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee 1886 warshad casri ah oo loo yaqaan 'Maierbräu Altomünster' ayaa ganacsi ku jirtay.<ref>Maierbräu Altomünster - History (German website). https://maierbraeu.de/historie/</ref> 1888 Altomünster waxaa lagu xiray adeegga telegaraafka, waxaa ku xigay 1902 adeegga taleefanka. Intii u dhaxaysay 1907 iyo 1910 magaalada koronto ayaa la geliyay. 18 Diseembar 1913 [[Dachau–Altomünster railway]] ayaa la furay. [[File:Photo - Altomünster - Eröffnung der Bahnlinie - 1913.jpg|thumb|Furitaankii khadka Altomunster - Dachau 1913]] 1977, waxaa la daahfuray dhismo dugsi oo cusub. 1 Diseembar 1996 goobta lagu caweeyo ee "Spider" ayaa gubatay - saddex maalmood ka dib markii la xukumay maamulihii iyo "isbahaysiga disco mafia" Karl Heinz S.<ref>[http://www.zeit.de/1996/51/Leben_und_Sterben_in_Dasing Leben und Sterben in Dasing - Wie ein bayerisches Dorf durch vier Morde seine Beschaulichkeit verlor] - ([[Die Zeit]] dated 13&nbsp;December 1996)</ref> Tan iyo markaas, xafladaha soo nooleynta Spider ee joogtada ah ayaa la qabtay.<ref>[http://bv-alto.de/?page_id=24 Spider-Revival-Party 2.0] - (Burschenverein Altomünster, retrieved 4&nbsp;December 2014)</ref> === Ku-darid === [[File:Altomünster Panorama.jpg|1000px|thumb|center|Muuqaal panorama ah oo ka yimid bariga]] {| class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Gobol !! Dadka<br>(1970) !! Ku-darid <br>taariikhda !! Xusuusin |- | Thalhausen | align="right" | 243 | align="center" | 1 May 1978<ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/> | |- | Wollomoos | align="right" | 478 | align="center" | 1 May 1978<ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/> | |- | Pipinsried | align="right" | 444 | align="center" | 1 May 1978<ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1978/> | In ka badan 351 444 oo dad ah, dib-u-kala-saaridda dadka kale marka loo eego [[Markt Indersdorf]] |- | Hohenzell | align="right" | 435 | align="center" | 1 May 1978<ref name=Gemeindeverzeichnis1978>{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982 |publisher=[[Kohlhammer Verlag]]|publication-place=Stuttgart and Mainz|pages=571|isbn=3-17-003263-1|language=German}}</ref> | |- | Kiemertshofen | align="right" | 146 | align="center" | 1 January 1977<ref name=Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977>{{citation|editor-surname1=Statistisches Bundesamt|title=Historisches Gemeindeverzeichnis für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Namens-, Grenz- und Schlüsselnummernänderungen bei Gemeinden, Kreisen und Regierungsbezirken vom 27. 5. 1970 bis 31. 12. 1982 |publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag|publication-place=Stuttgart and Mainz|pages=570|isbn=3-17-003263-1|language=German}}</ref> | |- | Oberzeitlbach | align="right" | 493 | align="center" | 1 January 1976<ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977/> | |- | Randelsried | align="right" | 349 | align="center" | 1 January 1976<ref name= Gemeindeverzeichnis1976und1977/> | In ka badan 300 349 oo dad ah, dib-u-kala-saaridda dadka kale ee [[Hilgertshausen-Tandern|Tandern]] |- | Stumpfenbach | align="right" | 191 | align="center" | 1 January 1972<ref>{{citation |surname1=Volkert |first=Wilhelm |title=Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799–1980 |date=1983 |pages=415 |publication-place=Munich |publisher=C.H.Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung |language=German |isbn=3-406-09669-7}}</ref> | |} == Siyaasadda == === Golaha suuqa === [[File:Rathaus Altomünster 2012.jpg|thumb|right|Madaxtooyada]] Golaha Altomuenster wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20 kursi oo la doortay iyo mutadawiciin ah iyo Duqa Koowaad ee suuqa. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 16 Maarso 2014 waxay keentay gunaanadka soo socda:<ref>[http://www.wahlen.bayern.de/kommunalwahlen/ Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung]</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- class="backgroundcolour5" ! Xisbiga !! Kuraasta |- | CSU | 9 |- | FWG | 10 |- | SPD | 1 |- | Wadarta | 20 |} == Waxbarashada == Dugsiga [[Volksschule Altomünster|Altomünster Primary and Middle School]] (''Volksschule Altomünster'') wuxuu leeyahay ilaa 500 oo arday. Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 2011, waxay qayb ka ahayd iskaashiga [[Comenius programme|Comenius]]. Dugsiyada lala shaqeeyo ee lagu dhawaaqay waa dugsiga hoose ee [[Crook, County Durham|Crook]] ([[England]]) iyo ''école primaire'' ee [[Flesselles, Somme|Flesselles]] ([[France]]). Mawduuca mashruucu waa "Healthy Active Citizens Across Europe". == Iskaashi == *[[Nagyvenyim]] ([[Hungary]]) == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altomunster}} hemnsbggycko8t8llen7861o3s4ufu0 0 49346 302433 2026-07-15T09:31:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Altona-Nord |name_local = |image_photo = Theodor-Haubach-Schule 01.jpg |image_caption = Dugsiga ''Theodor-Haubach-Schule'' |type = Quarter |City = Hamburg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|33|47|N|9|56|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |district = |borough = [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] |divisions = |Bürgermeistertitel = |mayor = |area = 2.2 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=02|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Metadata Population DE-HH|Altona-Nord}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=02|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = |area_code = 040 |licence = HH |year = |plantext = Goobta Altona-Nord ee Hamburg |image_plan = HH-Altona-Nord-quarter.jpg }} '''Altona-Nord''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltoːnə ˈnɔʁt|-|De-Altona-Nord.ogg}}, {{lit|Altona-Waqooyi}}) oo ku taal [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] borough ee magaalada [[Hamburg]], Jarmalka, waa mid ka mid ah [[Boroughs and quarters of Hamburg|104 degmo]] ee Hamburg. Sannadkii 2023, dadku waxay ahaayeen 26,807. == Juqraafi == Sida uu sheegay xafiiska tirakoobka ee Hamburg iyo [[Schleswig-Holstein]], degmadu waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|2.2|km2|0}}. == Tirakoobka == Sannadkii 2006, degmada ''Altona-Nord'' waxaa ku noolaa 21,406 qof. 15.1% waxay ahaayeen carruur ka yar da'da 18, iyo 9.8% waxay ahaayeen 65 sano ama ka weyn. 22.9% waxay ahaayeen muhaajiriin. 1,689 qof ayaa diiwaan gashanaa inay shaqo la'aan yihiin.<ref name="fact 2006">Xafiiska diiwaangelinta dadka deggan, isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> Sannadkii 1999, 55.1% dhammaan qoysaska waxay ka koobnaayeen shakhsiyaad.<ref>Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (1999)</ref> '''Dadka sannadkii''' <ref name="fact 2006" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 1987 || 1988 || 1989 || 1990 || 1991 || 1992 || 1993 || 1994 || 1995 || 1996 || 1997 || 1998 || 1999 |- | 19,424 || 19,633 || 19,853 || 20,113 || 20,288 || 20,297 || 20,542 || 20,635 || 20,586 || 20,562 || 20,497 || 20,433 || 20,725 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | 2000 || 2001 || 2002 || 2003 || 2004 || 2005 || 2006 || 2014 || 2016 |- | 20,701 || 20,949 || 21,030 || 21,125 || 21,246 || 21,158 || 21,406 || 21,766 || 22,137 |} Sannadkii 2006, waxaa dhacay 3,314 dambi (155 dambi oo 1,000 qofkiiba).<ref>Xafiisyada Baadhista Gobolka ([[Landeskriminalamt]]), isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> == Siyaasadda == Kuwani waa natiijooyinka Altona-Nord ee [[Hamburg Parliament|doorashada gobolka Hamburg]]: {| class="wikitable zebra" style="text-align:center" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" ! Sannad ! [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Cagaaran]] ! [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] ! [[The Left (Germany)|Bidix]] ! [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] ! [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] ! [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] ! Kuwa kale |- |2020 |'''37,9 %''' |25,5 % |22,2 % |{{0}}3,1 % |{{0}}2,0 % |{{0}}1,7 % |{{0}}7,6 % |- |2015 |25,8 % |'''35,8 %''' |22,9 % |{{0}}4,3 % |{{0}}2,7 % |{{0}}2,1 % |{{0}}6,4 % |- |2011 |21,5 % |'''46,2 %''' |15,8 % |{{0}}6,2 % |{{0}}2,3 % | – |{{0}}7,9 % |- |2008 |20,7 % |'''43,0 %''' |13,4 % |17,8 % |{{0}}2,8 % | – |{{0}}2,3 % |- |2004 |31,1 % |'''35,3 %''' | – |22,8 % |{{0}}1,6 % | – |{{0}}9,2 % |} == Waxbarashada == Sannadkii 2006, waxaa Altona-Nord ka jiray laba dugsi hoose iyo afar dugsi sare.<ref name="stats 2006" /> == Dhaqaalaha == [[File:Hh-holstenBrauerei3.jpg|thumb|Iridda Holsten Brewery]] [[Holsten Brewery]] plc. waxay ku taal degmada. == Dhaqanka == Altona Nord waxay ku caan baxday Hamburg tiyaatarkeeda muusiga ee [[Neue Flora]], kaas oo ku bilaabay soo bandhigida [[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|''The Phantom of the Opera'']]. == Kaabayaasha == === Nidaamyada caafimaadka === 23 dhakhtar oo ku jira xirfad gaar ah iyo afar farmashiye ayaa la diiwaan geliyay 2006.<ref name="stats 2006" /> === Gaadiidka === Altona-Nord waxaa u adeega nidaamka [[rapid transit]] ee [[Hamburg S-Bahn|tareenka magaalada]] oo leh saldhigyada ''[[Holstenstraße railway station|Holstenstraße]]'' iyo ''[[Diebsteich railway station|Diebsteich]]''. Sida uu sheegay Waaxda Baabuurta (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), 5,682 baabuur oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay Altona-Nord (269 baabuur/1,000 qof).<ref name="stats 2006">Isha: xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein (2006)</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} === Isha guud === {{refbegin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080617222809/http://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/regional/regional.php Xafiiska tirakoobka Nord ee Hamburg iyo Schleswig-Holstein, bogga rasmiga ah] ''Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein'' {{in lang|de}} {{refend}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091230021225/http://www.altona.info/hamburg-altona-news/lokales/altona-nord-altonastadtteile/ Hamburg-Altona Wargeyska Maxalliga ah, Bogga gaarka ah ee Altona-Nord] {{Authority control}} 5fdq78y8wbjtpvb9fajci4h8dp8n9or 0 49347 302434 2026-07-15T09:33:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Altötting COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|13|36|N|12|40|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Shrine of Europe03.JPG |image_caption = [[Our Lady of Altötting|Macbadka Our Lady of Altötting]] |image_plan = Altötting in AÖ.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Altötting |elevation = 403 |area = 23.07 |postal_code = 84503 |area_code = 08671 |licence = AÖ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 71 111 |divisions = 40 qaybood oo rasmi ah |website = [http://www.altoetting.de/ www.altoetting.de] |mayor = Stephan Antwerpen<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Altötting''' ({{IPA|de|altˈʔœtɪŋ|-|De-Altötting.ogg}}, {{lit|Ötting-tii hore}}, si ka duwan "[[Neuötting|New Ötting]]"; {{langx|bar|Oideding}}, {{IPA|bar|ɔidˈɛːde̝ŋ|pron}}) waa [[Town#Germany|magaalo]] ku taal [[Bavaria]], caasimadda degmada [[Altötting (district)|Altötting]] ee Jarmalka. Muddo 500 sano ah waxay ahayd goob ay u soo xajiyaan Katooliga oo lagu sharfo Maryan, oo ay ku jirto booqashadii [[Pope John Paul II]] ee 1980 iyo mid kale oo uu sameeyay [[Pope Benedict XVI]] ee 2006. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu jiray xilligii [[Carolingian]], waxaa halkan ku yaallay qasriga boqortooyada. Meel u dhow, Boqor [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]] wuxuu dhisay kaniisadda [[Benedictine]] 876, isagoo Werinolf u magacaabay abbot-kii ugu horreeyay, wuxuuna sidoo kale dhisay kaniisadda abbey si loogu sharfo Rasuulka [[Philip the Apostle|St. Philip]]. 907 Boqor [[Louis the Child]] wuxuu kaniisadda ''in commendam'' siiyay Burchard, oo ahaa [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau|Bishop-ka Passau]] (903-915). 910 reer Hungary ayaa dhacay oo gubay kaniisadda iyo abbey-ga. 1228 Duke [[Louis I, Duke of Bavaria]] wuxuu dib u dhisay dhismayaashan, ka dib markii la quduus dhigay, wuxuu ku wareejiyay gacanta laba iyo toban [[Canons Regular]], oo uu hoggaaminayo [[provost (religion)|provost]]. Canons-kii waxay sii joogeen ilaa xilligii ay dhacday cilmaanintii kaniisadaha Bavarian 1803.<ref>[[Wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Oettingen]]</ref> Saint [[Conrad of Parzham]], [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|O.F.M. Cap.]], (1818–1894) wuxuu u adeegay sidii [[Porter (monastery)|porter]] kaniisadda St. Ann ee magaalada Altötting muddo 40 sano ah. == Macbadka Nimcada == {{Main|Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting}} [[File:Altötting Gnadenkapelle 001.JPG|thumb|left|upright| Macbadka Nimcada]] Magaaladan yar waxay caan ku tahay ''Gnadenkapelle'' ([[Our Lady of Altötting|Macbadka Nimcada]]), oo ah mid ka mid ah [[shrine|macbadyada]] ugu badan ee loo soo booqdo Jarmalka. Kani waa kaniisad yar oo octagonal ah oo ku kaydisa taalada la sharfay ee [[Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic)|Virgin Mary]]. Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga, 1489, wiil 3 jir ah oo deegaanka ah oo ku degay webiga ayaa dib loo soo nooleeyay markii hooyadiis oo murugaysan ay hor dhigtay taalada alwaaxda ah ee Virgin Mary ee meesha allabariga. Wararka mucjisadan ayaa si degdeg ah u faafay, kaniisaddana si degdeg ah ayaa loo kordhiyay iyadoo la dhisay nave iyo waddo daboolan.<ref name="Tourist">{{cite web |url=http://www.altoetting.de/cms/welcome_tour.phtml |title=Altötting |publisher=www.altoetting.de |access-date=2009-10-10 }}</ref> Qasnadda kaniisadda quduuska ah ee Altötting waa Faraska Dahabka ah, ama "Goldenes Rössli", oo ah meel allabari oo 62 cm sareeya oo ka samaysan dahab iyo lacag dahab ah, oo leh tirooyin dahab ah oo lagu dahaadhay dhaldhalaal midabyo kala duwan leh. Waxay muujinaysaa Virgin Mary iyo Christ Child, iyo, carruurnimada, John the Baptist, John the evangelist iyo St. Catherine. Safka hore waa Boqor [[Charles VI of France]]. Masterpiece-kan farsamada dahabka ah wuxuu ahaa hadiyad ka timid [[Isabeau of Bavaria|Isabeau]], Boqoradda Faransiiska, oo xubin ka ah [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach Bavarian royal family]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|title=The Treasure Vault of the Holy Chapel|url=http://www.altoetting.de/cms/index.php?2010-3-31|access-date=March 24, 2015|work=Stadt Altötting|archive-date=2016-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911010613/http://www.altoetting.de/cms/index.php?2010-3-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhaqanka Bavaria wuxuu ugu baaqayaa in wadnaha boqorka dhintay la geliyo urn oo lagu hayo kaniisadda Altötting. Wadnaha Boqor [[Ludwig II of Bavaria]], dhisaha [[Neuschwanstein Castle|Neuschwanstein castle]], wuxuu ku jiraa kaniisaddan, oo ay la socdaan kuwa awoowayaashiis iyo aabbihiis. == Goobaha la arko == Goobaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee dhismaha magaalada waa ''[[Collegiate Church of Saints Philip and James, Altötting|Stiftskirche]]'' oo leh laba munaaradood, kaniisad ka tirsan dhammaadka [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] oo la dhisay bilowgii qarnigii 16-aad si loogu adeego barwaaqada sii kordhaysa ee xujeyda, iyo ''Basilika'' wayn ee [[Baroque Revival architecture|Neo-baroque]], oo la dhisay bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} [[File:Altötting Kapellplatz 02a Rathaus.JPG|thumb|right|Madaxtooyada]] Altötting waa [[Sister city|mataan]] leh:<ref>{{cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaften|url=https://www.altoetting.de/unsere-stadt/stadtinfo/partnerstaedte/|website=altoetting.de|publisher=Altötting|language=de|access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> * {{flagicon|POL}} [[Częstochowa]], Poland * {{flagicon|POR}} [[Fátima, Portugal|Fátima]], Portugal * {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Loreto, Marche|Loreto]], Italy * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lourdes]], France * {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Mariazell]], Austria == Dadka caanka ah == Dadka caanka ah ee la xiriira Altötting: [[File:Kriegsminister von Pranckh.jpg|thumb|150px|Siegmund von Pranckh (1895/1896)]] [[File:Abraham Megerle.jpg|thumb|150px|Abraham Megerle]] * [[Louis the Child]] (893-911), Boqorkii East Frankish * [[Abraham Megerle]] (1607-1680), wadaad iyo laxamiiste * [[Eusebio Kino]] (1645-1711), wadaad Jesuit ah iyo sahamiye ka tirsan Koonfur-galbeed U.S.A iyo Waqooyi-galbeed Mexico * [[Conrad of Parzham]] (1818-1894), quduus ka tirsan Kaniisadda Katooliga * [[Siegmund von Pranckh]] (1821-1888), General-ka Bavarian iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka * [[Hubert Haider]] (1879–1971), rinjiile dhul-beereed, ku noolaa oo ku dhintay Altötting * [[Weiß Ferdl]] (1883-1949), heesaa iyo jilaa * [[Ernst Hiemer]] (1900-1974), qoraa Jarmal ah * [[Paul Augustin Mayer]] (1911-2010), cardinal * [[Pope Benedict XVI]] (1927-2022), pope * [[Wilhelm Schraml]] (dhashay 1935), bishop-kii hore ee [[Passau]] * [[Hans-Christian Schmid]] (dhashay 1965), agaasime filim iyo qoraa * [[Andreas Hykade]] (dhashay 1968), agaasime animation * [[Werner Riess]] (dhashay 1970), taariikhyahan * [[Timo Nagy]] (dhashay 1983), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah * [[Christoph Ullmann]] (dhashay 1983), ciyaaryahan hockey * [[Thomas Kurz]] (dhashay 1988), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah * [[Maximilian Thiel]] (dhashay 1993), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah * [[Richard Neudecker]] (dhashay 1996), ciyaaryahan kubadda cagta ah == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|colwidth=25em}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Div col|colwidth=25em}} * {{Commons-inline}} * {{wikivoyage inline|Altötting}} * [http://www.altoetting.de/cms/welcome_tour.phtml Macluumaadka rasmiga ah ee dalxiiska (Af Jarmal iyo Ingiriisi)] * [http://www.bayernreise.eu/bilder-fotos/wallfahrtsort-altoetting-gnadenkapelle.html Altötting] - Sawirro Cusub Altötting {{in lang|de}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Altotting}} 9zdxy3rtmsswule1xh5y1a84huwi7si 0 49348 302435 2026-07-15T09:36:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = DEU Altrich COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|57|29|N|06|54|41|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altrich in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Wittlich-Land |elevation = 180 |area = 16.25 |postal_code = 54518 |area_code = 06571 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 001 |divisions = |website = [http://www.altrich.de/ www.altrich.de] |mayor = Sylvia Stoffel-Leuchter<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeisterin |party = }} '''Altrich''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. == Juqraafi == Altrich waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 4&nbsp;km koonfurta ka xigta xarunta degmada, [[Wittlich]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Wittlich-Land|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Wittlich-Land]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Wittlich]], inkastoo magaaladaasi aysan lafteedu ku jirin ''Verbandsgemeinde''. == Taariikhda == Kaniisadda xaafadda waxaa loo quduus dhigay [[Saint Andrew]]. Sannadkii 952, Altrich waxay heshay xusteedii ugu horreysay ee dukumeenti – xitaa ka hor magaaladii deriska la ahayd ee [[Wittlich]]. Xustii ugu horreysay ee qoraal ahaan waxay timid horraantii 636 taas oo lagu magacaabay ''Alta Regia''.<ref>[http://www.st-andreas-altrich.de/archiv/geschichte/chro_952.htm Stellungnahme des Landeshauptarchivs Koblenz]</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[proportional representation]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo sharaf leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310800100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| class="wikitable" width="270" ! Sannad || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || [[Free Voters|FWG]] || Wadarta |- align="center" | 2009 || 2 || 5 || 9 || 16 kursi |- align="center" | 2004 || 5 || 5 || 6 || 16 kursi |} === Astaanta === Astaanta Jarmalka waxay akhrinaysaa: ''Schild Rot und Weiß gespalten, vorne ein weißes Andreaskreuz, hinten 2 (2:1) rote Kugeln''. Astaanta degmada ee [[Heraldry|heraldic]] waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per pale gules a saltire couped argent, and argent three roundels of the first. [[Saltire]]-ka (isgoyska X-qaabka ah) ee dhanka midig (midigta hayaha hubka, bidixda daawadaha) wuxuu u taagan yahay [[Saint Andrew]], oo ah aabbaha kaniisadda deegaanka kaas oo lagu sawiray shaabaddii maxkamadda ee hore ee 1764. Saddexda wareeg ee dhanka bidix (bidixda hayaha hubka, midigta daawadaha) waxay tixraacayaan qoys knightly ah oo u bixiyay magacooda Altrich kuwaas oo jiritaankooda qarnigii 14-aad la marag furay. [[tincture (heraldry)|tinctures]] gules iyo argent (cas iyo qalin) waa tixraac ku saabsan daacadnimadii hore ee tuulada ee [[Electorate of Trier]]. Altrich waxaa la siiyay xaq ay ku yeelato astaanteeda 1971. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == * Burburka derbiga [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] oo u dhow Neuenhof (meel ka baxsan Altrich dhanka [[Klausen, Germany|Klausen]]) * “[[Nicholas of Kues|Cusanus]] Columns” oo ka yimid kaniisaddii hore ee xaafadda, hadda ku yaal beerta xaafadda ee Andreasstraße 31 * “Geedka Paluul” (''dicke Eiche'') – geed qiyaastii 300 sano jir ah oo dabiici ah oo ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee tuulada (wadada Schneidkaul) == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Degmadu waxay leedahay [[kindergarten]], [[primary school]] hal-qulqul ah iyo aag ujeedo badan leh oo leh [[gym]]nasium. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:KircheA4.jpg|Kaniisadda Saint Andrew File:KircheA7.jpg|Kaniisadda Saint Andrew File:Nikolausvonkues.jpg|Kaniisadda Saint Andrew File:Cusanus-Säulen2.jpg|Cusanus Columns File:DickeEiche1.jpg|''Alte Eiche'' (“Geedka Paluul”) File:Dickeeiche3.JPG|''Alte Eiche'' (“Geedka Paluul”) File:Altrichumland.jpg|Dhulka ku xeeran Altrich File:Altrich_Umland_(2).JPG|Dhulka ku xeeran Altrich </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190156/http://www.altrich.de/altrich/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} aeyaqibof7kkm9bse90d9nyh5yj6end 0 49349 302436 2026-07-15T09:38:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altrip |image_photo = Altrip-10-Ludwigstr-Protestantische Kirche-gje.jpg |image_coa =DEU Altrip COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|26|N|8|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Karte Altrip.png |state = |region = |district = Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis |Verbandsgemeinde = Rheinauen |elevation = 95 |area = 10.47 |postal_code = 67122 |area_code = 06236 |licence = RP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 38 001 |website = {{url|www.altrip.de}} |mayor = Volker Mansky<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Altrip''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltʁɪp}}; [[Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]: ''Aldrib'') waa degmo ku taal [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. Waxay ku taallaa bangiga bidix ee [[Rhine]], qiyaastii 7&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Ludwigshafen]]. Tirada dadka sannadkii 2022 waxay ahayd 7,728. == Magaalada mataanaha ah == Altrip waxay leedahay hal magaalo oo mataan ah: * {{flagdeco|USA}} [[Kutztown, Pennsylvania|Kutztown]], [[Pennsylvania]], Mareykanka<ref>{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Lisa|title=Kutztown and German town become sister cities|work=BerksMont News|date=February 18, 2021|url=https://www.berksmontnews.com/news/kutztown-and-german-town-become-sister-cities/article_3ddc3628-7232-11eb-88f3-9fd1fe3ea45b.html|accessdate=March 9, 2021}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} qs4nk4pnvfe1lqo2wf8jeyclybxfqgj 0 49350 302437 2026-07-15T09:40:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Altscheid |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|01|10|N|06|23|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altscheid in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Südeifel |elevation = 426 |area = 5.89 |postal_code = 54636 |area_code = 06527 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 003 |divisions = |website = [http://www.suedeifelinfo.de/index.php/2014-04-02-10-51-07/gemeinden-der-vg-suedeifel Altscheid at site www.suedeifelinfo.de] |mayor = Lothar Theisen<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = }} '''Altscheid''' waa degmo ku taal [[Bitburg-Prüm|degmada Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Aagga degmadu wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[German-Luxembourg Nature Park]]. Birkendell iyo qayb ka mid ah Neumühle ayaa ka tirsan Altscheid. Bulshooyinka deriska la ah waa [[Weidingen]] iyo [[Wißmannsdorf]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} o55ldcfs87hpplm5qigttaxlxwwrp8h 0 49351 302438 2026-07-15T09:43:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Altshausen.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|55|53|N|09|32|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altshausen in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Altshausen |elevation = 594 |area = 20.48 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08436005 |postal_code = 88361 |area_code = 07584 |licence = RV |website = [https://www.altshausen.de/ www.altshausen.de] |mayor = Patrick Bauser<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-altshausen-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Altshausen 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 |image_photo = Altshausen Schloss Torgebaeude 2005 a.jpg |image_caption = Dhismaha iridda ee Qasriga Altshausen }} '''Altshausen''' waa degmo yar oo [[Swabia|Swabian]] ah oo ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii 4,100 oo qof, meel u dhow magaalada [[Ravensburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], koonfurta [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Altshausen waxay ku taal Upper Swabia, qiyaastii 40 kiiloomitir waqooyi ka xigta [[Lake Constance]]. Waqooyi-galbeed ee tuulada waa Upper Danube Nature Park halka koonfur-galbeed ay tahay silsiladda buuraha ee Altdorfer Wald. == Goobaha ugu muhiimsan == Waxay caan ku tahay qasrigeeda [[Teutonic Order]] iyo inay tahay meeshii uu ku dhashay [[Hermann of Reichenau]]. Bartamaha magaalada waxaa ku yaal Altshausen Schloss, oo ah qasriga ugu weyn ee ay weli leedahay [[House of Württemberg]]. == Dalxiiska == Altshausen waa qayb ka mid ah [[Upper Swabian Baroque Route]], oo ah waddo dalxiis oo ka timaada [[Swabian Jura|Swabian Alps]] ilaa [[Upper Swabia]]. Labada waddo ee dalxiisayaashu waxay booqan karaan taallo badan iyo meelo laga daawado. == Gaadiidka == Altshausen waxay ku taal waddada tareenka ee [[Herbertingen-Aulendorf railway]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Franz Anton Bagnato]] (1731–1810), naqshadeeye Baroque * [[Carl Gottfried Gok]] (1869–1945), ganacsade iyo siyaasi * [[Hermann of Reichenau]] (1013–1054), suufi Benedictine ah iyo aqoonyahan * [[Duchess Marie-Thérèse of Württemberg]] (dhashay 1934), gabadha qofka sheeganaya carshiga boqortooyada Württemberg * [[Gustav Mesmer]] (1903–1994), hal-abuurka mashiinnada duulista ee aadanaha * [[Jost Metzler]] (1909–1975), taliyaha maraakiibta quusta ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka * [[Josef Schmid (athlete)|Josef Schmid]] (dhashay 1953), orodyahanka Olympic-ga ee masaafo dhexe == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Bicske]], [[Hungary]] *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sausset-les-Pins]], [[France]] (magaalo u dhow Marseille) == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons}} *{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} fv8d206bwvrbbc4800npyg5opy49d0t 0 49352 302439 2026-07-15T09:45:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = Wappen Altstrimmig.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|5|36.100|N|7|17|32.27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altstrimmig in COC.svg |state = |region = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Zell (Mosel) |elevation = 345 |area = 8.9 |postal_code = 56858 |area_code = 06545 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 004 |divisions = |website = |mayor = Hans-Werner Peifer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} [[File:Altstrimming01.jpg|thumb|295px|Kaniisadda ku taal bartamaha tuulada Altstrimmig]] '''Altstrimmig''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc degmo wadajir ah – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Zell]], oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Zell (Mosel)|Zell an der Mosel]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taallaa iyada iyo degmada deriska la ah ee [[Mittelstrimmig]] dhabarka buur ee waqooyiga [[Hunsrück]], ee Strimmiger Berg. == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1357, Altstrimmig waxay heshay xusteedii ugu horreysay ee dukumeenti. Laga soo bilaabo 31 Maajo 1358 waxaa soo baxay dukumeenti uu Archbishop [[Bohemond II (Archbishop of Trier)|Bohemond II]] ee Trier uu ku siiyay Gerhard von Ehrenberg dhul. Strimmiger Berg waxay ahayd ilaa 1781 qayb ka mid ah "Dhulka Saddexda Sayid". Sida [[Beltheim|maxkamadda Beltheim]], lahaanshaha dhulka waxaa la wadaagay [[Electorate of Trier]], [[County of Sponheim]] iyo House of Braunshorn (ka dib Winneburg iyo Metternich). Laga bilaabo 1794, Altstrimmig waxay ku jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Laga bilaabo 1798 Altstrimmig waxay ka tirsanayd ''Mairie'' ("Duqaynta") ee Beilstein. Sannadkii 1814 waxaa loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. === Qarnigii 19-aad === Sida ay ku ahayd guud ahaan Jarmalka, gudaha Altstrimmig sidoo kale, waxaa jiray rabitaan aad u weyn oo ah in loo haajiro Ameerika, sababtoo ah gobollada hadda ah [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] iyo [[Hesse]], qancin la'aan siyaasadeed iyo shaqo la'aan ayaa badnaa. Ka dib dhamaadkii [[French Revolution]], waxaa koray rajo dadka dhexdiisa ah oo ah in la gaaro xaalad bulsho oo wanaagsan. 26 Maajo 1852, 85 qof (36 ka mid ah oo da'doodu ahayd 14 iyo ka yar, iyo 49 ka weyn 14) waxay ka tageen Altstrimmig una kicitimeen [[New York City|New York]], halkaas oo ay gaareen 13 Juun 1852. Waxay guryahoodii cusub ka dhistay [[Wisconsin]] meelo ay ka mid yihiin, [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]], [[Washington County, Wisconsin|Washington County]], [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Germantown, Wisconsin|Germantown]], [[Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin|Farmington]], [[Cedarburg, Wisconsin|Cedarburg]] iyo [[Appleton, Wisconsin|Appleton]]. 36 muhaajiriin kale ayaa ka tagay tuulada intii u dhaxaysay 1829 iyo 1890 una kicitimay [[South America|Koonfur]] iyo [[North America|Waqooyiga Ameerika]]. Koonfurta Ameerika, dadka degay waxay aadeen aagagga ku xeeran [[Porto Alegre]], [[Santa Cruz do Sul]] iyo San José. Waxaa weli jira bulshooyin ku barwaaqoobay [[Novo Hamburgo]], [[São Leopoldo]] iyo [[Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul|Rio Grande]]. Kharashka safarka oo gaaray 22,015 ''[[Thaler]]'', 221 ''[[Silbergroschen]]'' iyo 46 ''[[Pfennig]]'' (dhammaan muhaajiriinta ka yimid [[Mittelstrimmig]], Altstrimmig, [[Liesenich]], [[Grenderich]] iyo [[Senheim]]) waxaa qaaday degmooyinka halkan lagu magacaabay. Saamiga Altstrimmig ee tan wuxuu ahaa 3,156 ''Thaler''. === Waqtigan xaadirka ah === Laga soo bilaabo 1946, Altstrimmig waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Sida uu dhigayo ''Verwaltungsvereinfachungsgesetz'' ("Sharciga Fududeynta Maamulka") ee 18 Luulyo 1970, oo dhaqan galay 7 Noofambar 1970, degmada waxaa lagu daray [[Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Zell]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixin aqlabiyad ah]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo sharaf leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350500400.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa Altstrimmig waa Hans-Werner Peifer. === Astaanta === Astaanta degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per pale argent a cross gules and chequy of fifteen of the first and second, on a base of the second a bugle-horn of the first. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == === Dhismayaasha === Waxa loogu yeero ''Alte Mühle'' ("Mishiinkii Hore") ayaa la dayactiray waxaana ka dhigay mid shaqeynaya naadiga taariikhda deegaanka iyo gaadiidka. Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Taallada Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee Saint Anthony (''St. Antonius-Kirche''), Kirchstraße 35 – [[aisleless church]], bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad. * Kirchstraße, [[chapel]] – quarrystone, qarnigii 19-aad. * Kirchstraße 24 – guri [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], qayb ahaan adag, saqaf [[mansard roof]], qarnigii 19-aad. * Kirchstraße 28 – guri ka yimid xarun hanti, dhismo timber-frame, qayb ahaan adag, saqaf half-hipped, qarnigii 18-aad.<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]</ref> === Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah === Dhowr sano ''Antoniusmarkt'' (suuq lagu magacaabay ka dib aabbaha ilaaliyaha degmada, [[Anthony of Padua]]) waxaa la qabtaa sannad kasta dabayaaqada Ogosto.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.altstrimmig.de/ |title=Home |website=altstrimmig.de}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Altstrimmig waxay leedahay xarun bulsho, garoon carwo, goob lagu ciyaaro oo carruurta ah iyo barxad barbiikyu oo leh musqulo. == Panorama == {{wide image|Altstrimming02.jpg|1000px|Altstrimmig (laga soo daawaday galbeedka)}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2356594/19jivk8/index.html Sawir kooban oo Altstrimmig ah oo leh filim] oo ku yaal [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 5h2d3lxytaebipw1z6tj1va45hg864i 0 49353 302440 2026-07-15T09:47:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Altusried COA.svg |image_photo = Altusried 026.jpg |image_caption = Altusried |coordinates = {{coord|47|48|N|10|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Altusried in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 723 |area = 91.68 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09780112 |postal_code = 87452 |area_code = 08373 |licence = OA |mayor = Max Boneberger<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]]. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |party = |website = {{url|https://www.altusried.de/}} }} '''Altusried''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaltʊsʁiːt}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Oberallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay martigelisaa masraxa bannaanka ee [[Freilichtspiele Altusried]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} hxn1k3epz16wo6mr8b2v811bxuplb3m 0 49354 302441 2026-07-15T09:49:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Altwarp aus der Luft.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|45|N|14|16|E|format=dms|display=it}} |image_plan = Altwarp_in_VG.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Am Stettiner Haff |elevation = 5 |area = 32.54 |postal_code = 17375 |area_code = 039773 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 003 |website = {{url|https://www.amt-am-stettiner-haff.de/gemeinden/altwarp/|www.amt-am-stettiner-haff.de}} |mayor = Rolf Bauer |Bürgermeistertitel = }} '''Altwarp''' ({{langx|pl|Stare Warpno}})<ref>{{cite map|author=Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny Sztabu Generalnego W.P.|title=Mapa Polski|map=Szczecin|year=1947|scale=1:500,000|language=pl}}</ref> waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Jarmalka]], xadka ay la wadaagto [[Poland]]. Waxay leedahay qiyaastii 500 oo qof oo ku nool, waxayna ku taallaa [[Nowe Warpno Bay]] ka soo horjeedka magaalada [[Poland]] ee [[Nowe Warpno]] oo ku dhex taal gobolka taariikhiga ah ee [[Pomerania]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Altwarp waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Gobolka Pomerania]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952, Altwarp waxay qayb ka ahayd Gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 waxay ka tirsanayd [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo ilaa 1990 mar kale Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} ttkdoi117juxthggvhyj7jamcnrk2ih 0 49355 302442 2026-07-15T09:51:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_photo = | type = Ortsgemeinde | image_coa = DEU Altweidelbach COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|49|59|42.68|N|7|33|58.95|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Altweidelbach in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 412 | area = 4.1 | postal_code = 55469 | area_code = 06761 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 002 | mayor = Volker Berg<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1400000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} [[File:Altweidelbach01.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Altweidelbach]] '''Altweidelbach''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc degmo wadajir ah – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taallaa meel banaan oo waqooyi ka xigta Soonwald, oo ah qayb kayn culus ah oo ku taal galbeedka-dhexe ee [[Hunsrück]], iyo waqooyi ka xigta ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 50, qiyaastii 3&nbsp;km bari ka xigta xarunta degmada Simmern. Dhererkeedu waa 430&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. == Taariikhda == [[Archaeology|Qoditaannada qadiimiga ah]] waxay caddaynayaan in aagga degmadu uu horay u degganaa xilligii [[Ancient Rome|Roomaanka]]. Koonfurta buuraha, waqooyiga [[Mutterschied]], waxaa laga helay goob ay ku taallay hanti tuulo Roomaan ah. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, aagga degmada Altweidelbach waxaa soo dhex maray mid ka mid ah waddooyinka isku xira ee ay dhisteen Roomaanku, oo loo yaqaan ''Steinstraße'' (“Waddada Dhagaxa”). Sidoo kale, weelka Roomaanka (urn) ayaa laga soo saaray aagga cadastral ee “Hammesheck” qiyaastii 1860-kii. Aasaaskii dhabta ahaa ee tuulada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu yimid oo kaliya ka dib xukunka Roomaanka iyo xitaa ka dib markii [[Migration Period|Xilligii Socdaalka]] (''Völkerwanderung'') uu dhammaaday. Wejigii labaad ee hawlahooda degidda ee qarnigii 8-aad, [[Franks|Faransiisku]] waxay aasaaseen meelo badan oo magacyadoodu ku dhammaadaan ''—hausen'' iyo ''—bach''. Waxay u badan tahay in Altweidelbach la aasaasay xilligan sidoo kale. Sannadkii 1006, Altweidelbach waxay heshay xusteedii ugu horreysay ee dukumeenti kaas oo Archbishop Williges oo ka yimid [[Mainz]] uu ku daahfuray kaniisaddii cusayd ee [[Mörschbach]] uu ku dhisay kana xaqiijiyay xaaladdeeda kaniisad ahaan. Higgaadda ''Widimbach'' ee loo isticmaalay dukumeentigan, oo marka hore ''Widelbach'' ka dibna ''Weidelbach'' ay ka soo baxday, waxay bixinaysaa tilmaam ku saabsan asalka magaca. Aqoonyahannada luqaddu waxay aaminsan yihiin inay ka timid ereyga [[Old High German|Jarmalkii Hore ee Sare]] ee ''wida'' (“geedka safsaafka”; ''Weide'' oo ku jira [[German language|Jarmalka casriga ah]]), waxayna u sharxayaan macnaha magaca inuu yahay “Wabi leh Geedo Safsaaf ah”. Kaliya qarnigii 16-aad ayay degmadu isticmaashay horgalaha ''Alt—'' (“Duug”) si ay uga soocdo meel kale oo u dhow oo la yiraahdo Weidelbach, oo hadda loo yaqaan Kleinweidelbach (xarun dibadda ah oo ka tirsan [[Rheinböllen]]). Sannadkii 1006, tuuladu waxay hoos tagtay sayidnimada aasaasihii kaniisadda Mörschbach, Thidrich von Mörschbach, kaas oo sidoo kale hayay xafiiska ''[[Vogt]]''. Ka dib qarnigii 11-aad, tuuladu waxay u gudubtay qoyska tirada gobolka ee Bertholde (''Gaugrafen''), sannadkii 1074-kiina waxaa lagu daray Kaniisadda Ravengiersburg, kaas oo loo kordhiyay aasaas canonical, in kasta oo wakhtigan la joogo, ay haysatay maxkamaddeeda ''Schöffen'' (qiyaastii “lay jurists”) oo leh degmo garsoor u gaar ah. Garsoorka sare, oo ay ugu wacan tahay dambiyada halista ah ee la xiriira ciqaabta jidhka, waxaa fuliyay maxkamadda Ravengiersburg ''Vogtei'' ee Fagaaraha Maxkamadda Sare (''Hochgerichtsplatz'') ee ''Nunkirche'' (kaniisad). Mar kasta oo ay dhacaan maxkamadaha, dadka tuulada Altweidelbach waxaa lagu waajibiyay inay bixiyaan alwaaxda [[gallows|goobta laadlaadinta]], iyo sidoo kale sallaan. Maxkamadda tuulada, dhinaca kale, oo kursigeeda fadhiyay saddex ama afar ''Schöffen'', waxaa la qaban jiray laba jeer sannadkii, bishii Maajo iyo mar kale Maalinta [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]] (11 Noofambar), iyadoo hoos timaada geedka [[Tilia|liinta]] tuulada, oo uu guddoominayo agaasimaha kaniisadda ama ''[[Schultheiß]]''. Intii u dhaxaysay 1410 iyo 1598 iyo mar kale intii u dhaxaysay 1610 iyo 1673, Altweidelbach waxay ka tirsanayd Duchy-ga madax-bannaan ee Simmern, intii u dhaxaysay 1598 iyo 1610, iyo sidoo kale ka dib 1673 ilaa qabsashadii [[France|Faransiiska]] ee billaabatay 1794, waxay la jirtay inta kale ee dhulka Simmern ilaa [[Electoral Palatinate]]. Si loo adkeeyo maamulka, tuulo kasta waxaa laga dhigay ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' u gaar ah. Qarnigii 17-aad, Altweidelbach waxaa lagu midoobay Mörschbach, [[Schnorbach]] iyo [[Wahlbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Wahlbach]] hal ''Schultheißerei''. Maxkamadda heshiiskan waxaa ka koobnaa, marka laga reebo ''Schultheiß'' iyo xoghayaha maxkamadda, sagaal ''Schöffen'', kuwaas oo saddex laga soo qaatay Mörschbach, oo ay la socdaan laba xarumood oo kale. Xilligii qabsashadii Faransiiska ee 1794, Altweidelbach si buuxda ayaa loo bililiqaystay. Altweidelbach waxay hoos tagtay xukunka Faransiiska ilaa 1815, markii loo xilsaaray Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Dabab waaweyn ayaa ku dhuftay tuulada 1866, 1897 iyo 1975, markii saddex aqal iyo hal guri ay gubteen. [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], toban nin oo ka yimid Altweidelbach ayaa dhintay labana waxaa lagu sheegay [[Missing in action|maqan]]. Dagaalka ka dib, Faransiiska ayaa la dejiyay tuulada ilaa 1919. Baabuurkii ugu horreeyay ayaa lagu arkay Altweidelbach 1937. Wax yar ka dib waxaa yimid [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], kaas oo afar nin oo ka yimid Altweidelbach ay dhinteen saddexna lagu sheegay maqan. Bishii Maarso 1945, [[United States|Maraykanku]] waxay qabsadeen tuulada. Waxaa badalay Faransiiska bishii Ogosto maadaama [[Allies of World War II|Xulafadu]] ay ku heshiiyeen [[Allied-occupied Germany|aagagga qabsashada]]. Sannadkii 1946, Altweidelbach waxay qayb ka noqotay [[States of Germany|gobolkii]] cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Sannadkii 1963, ''[[Flurbereinigung]]'' waa la dhammaystiray. Waxay ahayd ilaa 1978 ka hor inta aysan waddooyinka tuulada yeelan magacyo. Sannadkii 2000 iyo 2001, Beeraha Dabaysha ee Altweidelbach ayaa la dhisay, oo leh toddobo [[wind turbine|turbines dabayl ah]]. Sannadkii 2006, degmada Altweidelbach waxay calaamadaysay sanad-guuradeedii kun-sano.<ref>[http://www.altweidelbach.de/gemeinde/dorfgeschichte.html Altweidelbach’s history]</ref> === Horumarka dadweynaha === Waxaa hadda ku nool qiyaastii 250 qof Altweidelbach, laakiin qarniyadii hore, tirada dadku waxay ahayd mid aad u yar, wayna isbedbeddeshay si weyn. 1498, 67 qof oo qaangaar ah ayaa ku noolaa Altweidelbach, taas oo soo jeedinaysa wadarta guud ee dadka qiyaastii 100. 14-ka qoys ee halkan ku noolaa 1599 waxay lahaayeen tiro la mid ah, laakiin qarnigii 17-aad, dadku waxay hoos u dhaceen si weyn iyadoo laba jeer oo ay ku dhaceen [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Soddonka Sano]] iyo [[Plague (disease)|Faafa]] ilaa 7 qoys oo kaliya. 1672, tiradu waxay dib ugu soo laabatay 48 qof oo ku nool 12 qoys. 1698, waxaa jiray 58 qof. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo sharaf leh oo ah guddoomiye. === Duqa magaalada === Duqa Altweidelbach waa Volker Berg.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta === Astaanta degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per bend Or a church with ridge turret to dexter above a bend sinister wavy azure and sable a lion rampant of the first armed and langued gules. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socda waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku yaal Buugga Taallada Dhaqanka ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]: * Kaniisadda [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], Hauptstraße/geeska Lindenweg – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[aisleless church]], calaamadaysan 1761 * Hauptstraße 1 – dhisme leh saqaf nus-hipped, qayb ahaan [[Timber framing|timber framing]], qiyaastii 1800 * Hauptstraße/geeska Heider Weg – [[Cast iron|cast-iron]] balliga isha, Stromberger Hütte (foundry), calaamadaysan 1885 * On ''Kreisstraße'' (Waddada Degmada) 53, koonfur-bari ee tuulada – xarun biyo; dhisme wareegsan oo leh saqaf cupola, calaamadaysan 1913 * Waqooyiga tuulada – Hammesmühle (ama Eselsmühle – mishiin); guri timber-frame, saqaf nus-hipped, calaamadaysan 1824, barn; dhammaan dhismaha dhismayaasha * Galbeedka tuulada – Weirichsmühle (ama Katzenlochermühle – mishiin kale); laba guri oo timber-frame ah, mid dhisme leh saqaf nus-hipped, qarnigii 19-aad, barn; dhammaan dhismaha dhismayaasha<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2358520/18i5f3d/index.html Sawir kooban oo Altweidelbach ah oo leh filim] oo ku yaal [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100719125332/http://www.wo-simmern.de/reisefuehrer-hunsrueck/verbandsgemeinden/vg-simmern/altweidelbach Altweidelbach in the Wo-Simmern.de travel guide] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} laiaubk9anf9bt7bi07xi4nilm15wd6 0 49356 302443 2026-07-15T09:53:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|42|N|13|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Altwigshagen_in_VG.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |Amt = Torgelow-Ferdinandshof |elevation = 8 |area = 28.64 |postal_code = 17379 |area_code = 039778 |licence = VG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 75 004 |website = [https://www.altwigshagen.de/ www.altwigshagen.de] |mayor = Gerlinde Foy |Bürgermeistertitel = Bürgermeisterin }} '''Altwigshagen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Laga soo bilaabo 1648 ilaa 1720, Altwigshagen waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Swedish Pomerania]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1720 ilaa 1945, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Gobolka Pomerania]], laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 waxay ka tirsanayd Gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], laga soo bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990 waxay ka tirsanayd [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] ee [[East Germany]] iyo ilaa 1990 mar kale Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} g3nkglr2t4wo2hdmsprfdt0grlmrlrd 0 49357 302444 2026-07-15T09:55:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_photo = |image_flag = Flag of Alveslohe.svg |image_coa = DEU Alveslohe COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|46|N|9|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Alveslohe in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Auenland Südholstein |elevation = 28 |area = 21.56 |postal_code = 25486 |area_code = 04191, 04193 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 002 |website = {{URL|http://www.kaltenkirchen-land.de/}} |mayor = Peter Kroll |party = }} '''Alveslohe''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Gut Kaden Herrenhaus.JPG|''Gut Kaden'' </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Commons category}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} sn1sis8c1m9jyrpxh9sl308wyqpcl72 0 49358 302445 2026-07-15T09:57:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Am Ohmberg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|29|N|10|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Am Ohmberg in EIC.svg |state = |district = Eichsfeld |elevation = 290 |area = 31.57 |postal_code = 37345 |area_code = 036077 |licence = EIC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 116 |website = |mayor = Karl-Josef Wand<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Am Ohmberg''' ({{IPA|de|am ˈʔoːmbɛʁk}}, {{lit|on the [[:de:Ohmberg|Ohmberg]]}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Eichsfeld (district)|degmada Eichsfeld]], ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku samaysantay ku-milidda degmooyin horey u ahaan jiray kuwo madaxbannaan oo kala ah [[Bischofferode]], [[Großbodungen]] iyo [[Neustadt, Eichsfeld|Neustadt]], 1 Diseembar 2010. [[Image:Bischofferode Kirche01.jpg|right|thumb|Kaniisadda ''Maria Geburt'' (2003)]] [[Image:Bischofferode Grotte01.jpg|right|thumb|Natursteingrotte (2005)]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> {{Authority control}} e693qbk3c0wamejwbb8yvuzqrecoe2t 0 49359 302446 2026-07-15T09:59:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|54|02|N|11|36|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Am_Salzhaff_in_LRO.svg |plantext = |state = |district = Rostock |Amt = Neubukow-Salzhaff |elevation = 35 |area = 15.45 |postal_code = 18233 |area_code = 038294 |licence = LRO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 72 005 |website = [http://www.neubukow-salzhaff.de neubukow-salzhaff.de] |mayor = Jürgen Weymann |party = }} '''Am Salzhaff''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Rostock (district)|Rostock]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} mbqzlqaxbpuxwysp1cfolgnabims6ov 0 49360 302447 2026-07-15T10:01:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Amt |name = Am Stettiner Haff |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|41|N|14|05|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Amt_Am_Stettiner_Haff_in_VG.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Greifswald |area = 429.23 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 130755552 |licence = VG |website = [http://www.amt-am-stettiner-haff.de/ www.amt-am-stettiner-haff.de] |mayor = Gerhard Seike |Bürgermeistertitel = Amtsvorsteher }} '''Am Stettiner Haff''' waa ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ku yaal degmada [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Xarunta ''Amt''-ka waxay ku taal Eggesin. == Qaybaha == ''Amt'' Am Stettiner Haff wuxuu ka kooban yahay degmooyinka soo socda: {{div col|colwidth=18em}} # [[Ahlbeck]] # [[Altwarp]] # [[Eggesin]] # [[Grambin]] # [[Hintersee, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Hintersee]] # [[Leopoldshagen]] # [[Liepgarten]] # [[Lübs]] # [[Luckow, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Luckow]] # [[Meiersberg]] # [[Mönkebude]] # [[Vogelsang-Warsin]] {{div col end}} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} fs5jppzj97nlhqkjcnl9eo3i21alxo3 0 49361 302448 2026-07-15T10:03:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Amerang COA.svg |image_skyline = Schloss amerang.JPG |image_caption = Qasriga Amerang |coordinates = {{coord|47|59|30|N|12|18|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Amerang in RO.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Rosenheim |elevation = 537 |area = 39.81 |postal_code = 83123, 83552 |area_code = 08075 |licence = RO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 87 113 |website = [http://www.amerang.de/ www.amerang.de] |mayor = Konrad Linner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Amerang''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːməʁaŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] iyo tuulo ku taal degmada [[Rosenheim (district)|Rosenheim]] ee [[Bavaria]], Jarmalka. Waxay ku taallaa 10 km dhanka koonfureed ee [[Wasserburg am Inn]]. Waxay caan ku tahay matxafkeeda baabuurta ee taariikhiga ah ''EFA-Museum für Deutsche Automobilgeschichte'', matxaf guri-beereed furan iyo riwaayado ka dhaca Qasriga Amerang. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Grub (Amerang)]] *[[Kirchensur]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2vfm8eyq3wagjmrqh8d0oid486dmy72 0 49362 302449 2026-07-15T10:05:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Amerdingen COA.svg |image_photo = Vorderfront Schloss Amerdingen.jpg |image_caption = Qasriga Amerdingen |coordinates = {{coord|48|44|N|10|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Amerdingen in DON.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Donau-Ries |elevation = 502-561 |area = 19.10 |postal_code = 86735 |area_code = 09089 |licence = DON |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 79 112 |mayor = Xaver Berchtenbreiter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = |website = [https://www.amerdingen.de www.amerdingen.de] }} [[File:Amerdingen, katholische Pfarrkirche Sankt Vitus DmD-7-79-112-3 foto4 2016-08-03 16.29.jpg|thumb|left|250px |Kaniisadda Saint Vitus]] '''Amerdingen''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Donau-Ries]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa ku yaal qasriga qarnigii 18-aad: [[Amerdingen Castle]] (qaabka classicist). Waxaa dhistay qoyska caanka ah ee sharafta leh ee Stauffenbergs. Dhammaan Stauffenbergs-ka nool waxay ka tirsan yihiin xariiqda Amerdingen ee qabiilkan. Maanta Count Alfred Schenk von [[Stauffenberg]] (*1923) iyo xaaskiisa ayaa halkaas ku nool. Count Alfred waa adeerka Count [[Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg]] kaas oo ahaa qofkii hoggaaminayay fashilmay [[20 July Plot|dhagartii 20-kii Luulyo]] 1944 si loo dilo kaligii-taliyihii [[Jarmalka]] [[Adolf Hitler]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2m42fk58qj99t1gsesf38jbealzkc9y 0 49363 302450 2026-07-15T10:08:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | type = Stadt | image_photo = Amoeneburg.jpg | image_caption = Aragtida magaalada oo laga eegay dhanka bari | image_coa = DEU Amöneburg COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|47|52|N|8|55|23|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan =Marburg-Biedenkopf_Amöneburg.png | state = | region = Gießen | district = Marburg-Biedenkopf | elevation = 365 | area = 43.9 | postal_code = 35287 | area_code = 06422 | licence = MR | Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 34 001 | website = [http://www.amoeneburg.de/ www.amoeneburg.de] | mayor = Andre Schlipp<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-04/BVII_m04-2023_Direktwahlen_Tabelle_1a.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der jeweils letzten Direktwahl von Landrätinnen und Landräte sowie (Ober-)Bürgermeisterinnen und (Ober-)Bürgermeister in Hessen, Stand 13.04.2023|language=de|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> | leader_term = 2023&ndash;29 | party = madaxbannaan }} '''Amöneburg''' ({{IPA|de|aˈmøːnəbʊʁk|-|Amoeneburg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada Marburg-Biedenkopf ee [[Hesse]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[buur]] waxaana lagu dhisay hareeraha [[qasriga]] oo isku magac ah, ''Burg Amöneburg''. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Amöneburg waxay ku taal koonaha [[basalt]] oo laga arki karo meel fog, kaas oo hoostiisa uu qulqulo webiga [[Ohm (river)|Ohm]], oo ah wabi laanta ka ah [[Lahn]]. Laga soo bilaabo buuraha [[Vogelsberg]] ee koonfur-bari, Amöneburg waxaa u dhexeeya Amöneburg Basin, oo ah meel hoose oo looga shakisan yahay inay tahay [[meteorite crater|godka meteorka]]. Koonfur-galbeed waxaa ka kiciya buuraha Lahn. === Degmooyinka deriska ah === Waqooyiga, Amöneburg waxay xuduud la leedahay magaalada [[Kirchhain]], bari waxay la leedahay magaalada [[Stadtallendorf]] (labaduba waxay ka tirsan yihiin Marburg-Biedenkopf), koonfur-bari waxay la leedahay magaalada [[Homberg (Ohm)|Homberg]] ([[Vogelsbergkreis]]), galbeedkana waxay la leedahay degmada [[Ebsdorfergrund]] (Marburg-Biedenkopf). === degmooyinka ku dhex yaal magaalada === * Erfurtshausen * Mardorf * Roßdorf * Rüdigheim == Astaanta == Astaanta [[coat of arms|magaalada]] Amöneburg, sida qaar badan oo ku yaal galbeedka Jarmalka, waxay muujinaysaa [[Wheel of Mainz|Giriigga Mainz]] iyo [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin of Tours]] oo ah ilaaliyaha [[diocese of Mainz]] kaas oo qayb ka mid ah dharkiisa u jaraya qof sabool ah. == Taariikhda == Natiijooyinka qoditaannada ayaa soo jeedinaya in aagga uu horay u degganaa [[New Stone Age|Xilligii Dhagaxa Cusub]]. Waxaa loo malaynayaa in xilligii [[Celt]]ic uu halkan ku yaallay magaalo (ama ''[[oppidum]]''). Sannadkii 721, [[Saint Boniface]] wuxuu dhisay [[monastery|keli]] yar iyo [[Church (building)|kaniisad]] ka hooseeya qasriga. [[File:Burg Amöneburg De Merian Hassiae.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Amöneburg: laga soo bilaabo ''Topographia Hassiae'' ee Matthäus Merian 1655]] Bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad, inta badan Hesse waxay ka tirsanayd [[Thuringia]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhulka Thuringian, waxay ahaayeen kuwo kala firdhiyey oo inta badan lagu dhex daray hanti ay lahaayeen [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] iyo kuwa ay ku tiirsanaayeen. Kaniisadda Amöneburg waxay ka tirsanayd archbishopric ilaa 1803. Fagaaraha suuqa ee Amöneburg waxaa loo dhigay qaabkan qarnigii 18-aad. Sidoo kale mudan in la arko waa ''Mainzer Hof'' oo leh [[barn|bakhaar]] iyo guri manor ah oo ku yaal Lindauer Tor (iridda). Kaniisadda ku dhow waa [[neo-Gothic|neo-Gothic]] [[basilica|basilika]]. Dhankeeda waqooyi waxaa ku yaal munaaradda kaniisadda ee qarnigii 14-aad oo leh koob [[Baroque|Baroque]]. Hareeraha buurta oo samaysa goobta magaalada waxaa ku yaal gidaarka magaalada, kaas oo weli si weyn loo ilaaliyay. Waddada wareegta ah waxay bixisaa aragtiyo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan dhulka ku hareeraysan. Cidhifka koonfur-bari ee dhagaxyada ay magaaladu ku taal waxaa ku yaal ''Brückermühle'', oo ah mishiin duug ah, oo leh buundo dhagax ah oo duug ah (''Ohmbrücke'') oo ka tallaaba webiga Ohm, kaas oo ahaa marinka taariikh ahaan muhiim ah. Waxaa laga yaqaanaa dagaalkii reer Hessians iyo [[Braunschweig|Brunswickers']] ee ka dhanka ah [[France|Faransiiska]] 1762, oo maanta lagu xusuusto Baroque obelisk oo ku yaal barxadda dibadda ee [[Public house#Inns|inn]] ''Brückerwirtshaus''. Bishii Juun 1646 ciidamada Imperialist waxay magaalada ku qabsadeen heshiis.<ref>Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), p. 300.</ref> [[File:Amoneburg St Johann.jpg|thumb|280px|''Stiftskirche'' St. Johann]] === Meelaha la trray === Hareeraha Amöneburg, degmooyinka la trray ee Brück, Brunsfort, Gerende, Heuchelheim, Lindau, Radenhausen iyo Wanehusen ayaa laga yaabaa in la helo. == Siyaasadda == === Duqa magaalada === *1996-2002: Oliver Haupt *2002-2005: Anders Arendt *2005-maanta: Michael Richter-Plettenberg === Golaha magaalada === Sida uu dhigayo natiijooyinkii doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 6-dii Maarso 2016, kuraasta golaha magaalada ayaa loo qaybiyay sidan:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG534001.htm |title=Kommunalwahlen 2016 in Hessen |website=www.statistik-hessen.de |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613164741/http://www.statistik-hessen.de/k2016/html/EG534001.htm |archive-date=13 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {| cellpadding="2" style="width:300px; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;" | style="text-align:left;" | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] ||11 kursi |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || 6 kursi |- | style="text-align:left;" | FWG (isku-xirka muwaadiniinta)|| 6 kursi |- |} == Gaadiidka == Waqooyi xoogaa ka xigta Amöneburg waxaa mara Highway Federal B 62 ([[Biedenkopf]] - [[Alsfeld]]) oo leh isku xirka B 454 ilaa [[Schwalmstadt]] iyo B 3 oo u jeedda [[Marburg]]. Isku xirka tareenka ee ugu dhow waa 5&nbsp;km waqooyi, ee [[Kirchhain]]. == Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah == * Kirchweihfest (Dabbaaldegga u-huridda kaniisadda, sannad kasta, usbuuca ugu dambeeya ee Ogosto, oo ay soo qabanqaabiyeen naadiyada deegaanka) == Matxafyada == Museum Amöneburg: Taariikhda hore iyo taariikhda hore ee Amöneburg Basin, taariikhda beeraha, dhismaha qarniyadii dhexe iyo natiijooyinka qoditaannada, moodooyinka iyo dioramas oo leh ogeysiisyo sharraxaad ah, iyo qolalka saqafka sare ee xarunta macluumaadka ilaalinta dabiiciga ah. == Dadka caanka ah == [[File:Bonifazius.jpg|thumb|150px|Taallada Saint Boniface, oo gadaal ka xigta Cathedral of Mainz]] * [[Saint Boniface]] (qiyaastii 673-754 ama 755), wuxuu dhisay 721 unug monastery ah oo ka hooseeya qasriga Amöneburg wuxuuna bilaabay Christianization-ka Upper Hesse laga soo bilaabo Amöneburg. *Johannes Eisermann, (1486–1558), (ku dhashay Amönenburg), oo loo yaqaan Ferrarius Montanus, aqoonyahan diimeed, [[jurist|sharciyaqaan]] iyo rector-kii ugu horreeyay ee [[University of Marburg|Jaamacadda Marburg]]. * [[Ludwig Schick]] (ku dhashay 1949), hoggaamiyaha kaniisadda caawiya ee [[Fulda]] laga soo bilaabo 1998 ilaa 2002, laga soo bilaabo 2002 Archbishop ee [[Bamberg]], wuxuu ku booqday Amöneburg seminary-ga St. Johann. == Iskaashiga magaalada == * {{Flagicon|France}} [[Château-Garnier]], [[France]], laga soo bilaabo 1974 * {{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Tragwein]], [[Austria]] * {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Tuoro sul Trasimeno]], [[Italy]], laga soo bilaabo 1987 Sidoo kale waxaa jiray iskaashi "ring" ah oo ka dhexeeya magaalooyinkan laga soo bilaabo 1997. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category|Amöneburg}} * [http://www.amoeneburg.de/ Degelka rasmiga ah] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021113211847/http://www.erziehung.uni-giessen.de/studis/robert/amoeneburg.html St. Boniface iyo Amöneburg] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Amoneburg}} ns9jyml2tffew22hj056x9ipk4kpfex 0 49364 302451 2026-07-15T10:10:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Amorbach | name_local = | image_photo = Amorbach.jpg | image_caption = Aragtida Amorbach | image_coa = DEU Amorbach COA.svg | image_map = | type = Stadt | image_plan = Amorbach in MIL.svg | state = | region = Unterfranken | district = Miltenberg | Höhe = 165 | Fläche = 50.9 | Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 76 112 | area = 50.92 | elevation = 165 | coordinates = {{coord|49|38|N|9|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 63916 | area_code = 09373 | licence = MIL | mayor = Peter Schmitt <ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 | website = [https://www.amorbach.de/ amorbach.de] | party = CSU }} '''Amorbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːmoːɐ̯bax|lang|De-Amorbach.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada [[Miltenberg (district)|Miltenberg]] ee ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' ee [[Lower Franconia]] (''Unterfranken'') ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]], oo leh ku dhawaad 4,000 oo qof. Waxay ku taallaa webiga yar ee [[Mud (river)|Mud]], qaybta waqooyi-bari ee [[Odenwald]]. == Taariikhda == [[File:Fuerstentum Leiningen.png|thumb|Khariidadda Amiirnimada Leiningen]] Magaaladu waxay ku bilaabatay [[Benedictine|monastery]] (keli) ([[Amorbach Abbey]] ama ''Kloster Amorbach''), kaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah ugu koray degmo ilaa 1253 loo dallacsiiyay heerka magaalo. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, magaaladu gacanteeda way isbeddeshay dhowr jeer. Waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg|Bishopric of Würzburg]] ilaa 1656, markaas oo ay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Archbishopric of Mainz]]. Natiijadii 1803 [[German Mediatisation|Mediatisation-kii Jarmalka]], Archbishopric-ka Mainz waa la cilmaaniyay, Amorbach-na waxay noqotay magaalada degmada ee [[Principality of Leiningen]] oo muddo gaaban jirtay. Kaliya 1816 ayay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Boqortooyada Bavaria]]. Sannadkii 1965, Amorbach waxay gaartay heerka loo yaqaan 'climatic spa' (''Luftkurort''). === Isku-milidda === Degmooyinka soo socda ayaa lala midoobay magaalada: * 1 Abriil 1973: Boxbrunn * 1 Janaayo 1975: Beuchen * 1 Janaayo 1976: Neudorf * 1 Janaayo 1976: Reichartshausen == Dhaqaalaha == Maanta Amorbach waxay ku tiirsan tahay ganacsiga dalxiiska iyada oo leh aqoonsiga gobolka ee ah 'climatic spa' (''Luftkurort'') iyo dhismayaasheeda badan ee [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]. Amorbach waa kursiga qoyska ee amiirka ''Haus zu Leiningen''. Sannadkii 1992, magaalada waxaa la guddoonsiiyay biladda [[Europa Nostra]]. == Farshaxanka iyo dhaqanka == [[File:Kloster Amorbach 1735.jpg|thumb|Muqaalkii suurtagalka ahaa ee Amorbach Abbey 1735]] [[File:Amorbach Klosterkirche Fassade 1.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Abbey]] === Kaniisadda Abbey === {{Main|Amorbach Abbey}} Kaniisadda Benedictine, oo ay hore u lahaayeen amiirka ''Haus zu Leiningen'' oo ay la socoto maktabaddeeda, iyo kaniisadda abbey oo leh Stumm [[organ (music)|organ]] ayaa soo jiidata kumanaan soo booqdayaal ah sannad kasta. === Kaniisadda Parish St. Gangolf === [[File:Amorbach, St Gangolf 001.JPG|thumb|St. Gangolf]] Kaniisadda [[hall church|hall]] ee dambe-Baroque {{Interlanguage link multi|St. Gangolf (Amorbach)|de|3=St. Gangolf (Amorbach)|lt=St. Gangolf}} waxay beddeshay kii hore, St. Gangolf iyo St. Sebastian, oo la diiwaan geliyay 1182. Waxaa dhistay 1751-3 ''Oberamtmann'' Johann Franz Wolfgang Damian von Ostein iyo walaalkiis iyo Archbishop, [[Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein]]. Naqshaddu waxay ku salaysnayd qorshayaal uu sameeyay [[Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn]], shaqada dhismaha waxaa kormeeray ardaygiisa Alexander Jakob Schmidt. Naqshadu waxay dhiirigelisay [[St. Peter's Church, Mainz|Kaniisadda St. Peter]] ee Mainz. Gudaha waxay ka tarjumaysaa qaabka Rococo iyo bilowgii [[Neoclassical architecture|qaabka Neoclassical]]. [[Fresco|Saqafka fresco]] ee [[Johannes Zick]] waxay muujinayaan nolosha St. Gangolf (Gangulphus) iyo [[Saint Sebastian]] iyo sidoo kale Boqor [[David]] oo ah "aabbaha" [[Solomon's Temple|Macbadka Sulaymaan]]. Rinjiyeynta saliidda ee ku taal [[choir (architecture)|choir]] ee {{Interlanguage link multi|Konrad Huber (Maler, 1752)|de|3=Konrad Huber (painter)|lt=Konrad Huber}} waxay muujinayaan bilowgii halyeeyga ee Amorbach. Meesha sare ee marmarka waxaa sameeyay Georg Schrantz, halka Josef Keilwerth uu ku daray afar taallo. Iskutallaabta J.B. Berg waxay taariikhaysan tahay 1808. Meelaha dhinaca (1720) asal ahaan waxaa loo isticmaali jiray dhismihii ka horreeyay. Organ-ku sidoo kale wuxuu taariikhaysan yahay 1720, laakiin wuxuu ku yaallay [[Neustadt am Main Abbey]] ilaa 1806, markii ay iibsatay kaniisadda Amorbach. Kaniisaddu waxay leedahay laba minbar, oo laga sameeyay [[stucco|stucco]] Antonio Rossi.<ref name="Dumont">{{cite book|last=Dettelbacher|first=Werner|title=Franken - Kunst, Geschichte und Landschaft (German)|publisher=Dumont Verlag|year=1974|isbn=3-7701-0746-2}}</ref>{{rp|84–5}} St. Gangolf waa kaniisadda Catholic parish ee Amorbach. === Matxafyada === [[File:Amorbach Museum.jpg|thumb|Berger Collection oo leh matxaf shaah]] ''Sammlung Berger mit Teekannenmuseum'' waa matxaf farshaxan iyo weelasha shaaha. Marka laga reebo bandhigyada cajiibka ah ee farshaxanka casriga ah ee [[Arman]], [[Michael Buthe]], [[Marc Chagall|Chagall]], [[Christo]], [[Keith Haring]], Otto Reichart, [[Rebecca Horn]], [[Yves Klein]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]], [[Nam June Paik]], [[Niki de Saint-Phalle]], H. A. Schult, [[Daniel Spoerri]], [[Ben Vautier]], [[Dick Higgins]] iyo kuwo kale, matxafku wuxuu kaloo muujinayaa ururin shaah ah oo ka kooban 2,467 weel shaah oo adduunka oo dhan ah iyo qiyaastii 500 oo weel shaah oo yaryar ah. === Bakhaarka Tobnaad === Bakhaarka tobnaad ee Amorbach, oo la dhisay 1488, wuxuu shan boqol oo sano ka ciyaaray door muhiim ah magaalada. Asal ahaan waxaa loo dhisay in lagu kaydiyo toban meelood oo soo saar ah amiirka, waxaa – ka dib dib-u-habeyn ballaaran oo 1960-yadii – loo maamulayay sida shineemo. ''Kulturkreis Zehntscheuer Amorbach e.V.'' (“Amorbach Tithe Barn Cultural Circle”), kaas oo dhismaha ku qalabaysay 1991 sida tiyaatarka cabaret wuxuu ilaaliyaa oo dayactiraa dhismaha, kaas oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada taariikhiga ah. Sannadkii 2001, naadigani wuxuu iibsaday bakhaarka tobnaad. === Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah === [[File:am-gangolf.jpg|thumb|Sannadlaha Mother’s Day ''Gangolfsritt'']] *Amorbach Abbey Concerts oo ku yaal kaniisadda hore ee Benedictine abbey *Barnaamijka Cabaret ee tiyaatarka cabaret ''Zehntscheuer Amorbach'' *Maalin kasta 12:00 iyo 15:00, Stumm organ (1782) oo leh 5,116 tuubbo ayaa la ciyaaraa *Sannad kasta oo ku beegan [[Mother's Day|Maalinta Hooyada]], waxa dhaca ''Gangolfsritt'' (“[[Gangulphus]]’s Ride”), oo ah socod fardooley ah oo magaalada dhex mara. == Kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Amorbach, ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 469 waxay la kulantaa ''Bundesstraße'' 47. [[railway station|Saldhigga tareenka]] wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Seckach]]−[[Miltenberg]] [[railway|tareenka]] line (KBS 709), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Madonnenlandbahn''. == Waxbarashada == * Karl-Ernst-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] Amorbach * Theresia-Gerhardinger-[[Realschule]]; * Parzival-[[Hauptschule]]; * Wolfram-von-Eschenbach-Grundschule ([[primary school|dugsiga hoose]]). == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === [[File:Karl zu Leiningen Litho.jpg|thumb|150px|Karl zu Leiningen ({{Circa|1835}})]] [[File:Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg by Sir William Ross.jpg|thumb|150px|Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1838)]] * [[Johann Amerbach]], (q. 1440-1513), daabacaade iyo daabacaade maalmihii hore ee daabacaadda; * [[Stephan Alexander Würdtwein]] (1722-1796), Caawiye [[Bishop of Worms|Bishop of Worms]], taariikhyahan; * [[Karl Haßloch]] (1769–1829), jilaa masraxa iyo heesaha operatic; * [[Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen]] (1804-1856); walaalkiis ka weyn [[Queen Victoria|Boqorad Victoria]]. * [[Princess Feodora of Leiningen]] (1807-1872); walaashiis ka weyn Boqorad Victoria. * [[Franz Joseph von Stein]], (1832-1909), [[Bishop of Würzburg|Bishop of Würzburg]] (1879–98) iyo [[Archbishop of Munich and Freising|Archbishop of Munich and Freising]] (1898–1909); * [[Karl von Tubeuf]], (1862-1941), [[phytopathologist|Jarmal phytopathologist]] (1902–33 professor in [[Munich|Munich]]); * [[Georg Stang]] (1880-1951), siyaasi reer Bavaria ah iyo madaxweynaha Baarlamaanka Gobolka Bavaria * [[Ernst Leopold, 4th Prince of Leiningen]] (1886-1939); wiilka amiirka 3-aad ee Leiningen. * {{Ill|Oskar Martin-Amorbach|de}}, (1897-1987), rinjiile iyo professor ku nool Munich iyo [[Berlin|Berlin]]; * {{Ill|Klemens Schnorr|de}} (1949-), muusikiiste Jarmal ah iyo saynisyahan muusig; * [[Vince Ebert]] (1968-), saynisyahan-cabaret performer iyo qoraa; * {{Ill|Philipp Weber (cabaret performer)|de|Philipp Weber (Kabarettist)|lt=Philipp Weber}} (1974-), cabaret performer iyo qoraa; === Ku dhintay Amorbach === * [[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1st Prince of Leiningen]] (1724-1807); * [[Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen]] (1763-1814); ninkii ugu horreeyay ee [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], hooyada Boqorad Victoria; wuxuu ahaa aabbaha walaalaha ka weyn Boqorad Victoria, [[Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen]] iyo Princess Feodora of Leiningen. *[[Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1876–1936); ayeeyada Boqorad Victoria iyada oo loo marayo wiilkeeda [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] iyo xaaskiisa, [[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]]. == Akhrin dheeraad ah == *Norbert Schmitt “Amorbacher Familienbuch 1618-1913, mit Angaben über die Familien von Amorbach (Stadt), Beuchen; Boxbrunn (mit Neidhof), Buch (mit Walkmühle); Gönz (mit Sansenhof; bis 1878); Gottersdorf (mit Kummershof; bis 1908); Neudorf, Otterbach (mit Schafhof); Reichartshausen und Zittenfeld, sowie Schneeberg und Hambrunn (1618-1688)”; Verlag = Pfarrgemeinde St. Gangolf, Amorbach, 1998 == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category|Amorbach}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.zehntscheuer-amorbach.de Amorbach Tithe Barn] {{in lang|de}} * {{Meyers Online|1|496}} {{Authority control}} qridpoqc8acmomn4dgwpjj4g7ejfgh2 0 49365 302452 2026-07-15T10:12:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | name = Ampfing | name_local = | image_photo = Ampfing Kirchplatz.jpg | image_caption = Fagaaraha magaalada | image_coa = DEU Ampfing COA.svg | state = | regbzk = Upper Bavaria | district = Mühldorf | area = 31.14 | elevation = 416 | coordinates = {{coord|48|15|18|N|12|25|5|E|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Ampfing in MÜ.svg | postal_code = 84539 | area_code = 08636 | Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 83 112 | licence = MÜ | mayor = Josef Grundner<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> | leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 | website = {{URL|http://www.ampfing.de/}} }} '''Ampfing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈampfɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Mühldorf (district)|Mühldorf]] ee Bavaria ee Jarmalka, waana magac magaalo yar oo isku magac ah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ampfing.de/gemeinde/zahlen-fakten/ |title=Zahlen & Fakten &#124; Gemeinde Ampfing }}</ref> == Taariikhda == [[Battle of Mühldorf|Dagaalkii Mühldorf]] waxaa la galay 28-kii Sebtembar 1322 inta u dhaxaysay [[Bavaria]] iyo [[Austria]] ee Ampfing Heath. Reer Bavaria waxaa hoggaaminayay [[Louis the Bavarian]], halka reer Austria ay hoggaaminayeen ina-adeerkii [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick I of Austria]]. Dagaalku si fiican uma dhicin reer Austria; waa laga adkaaday, waxaana la qabtay in ka badan 1000 oo reer gob ah oo ka kala yimid Austria iyo [[Salzburg (state)|Salzburg]], iyo sidoo kale Frederick laftiisa. [[Battle of Ampfing (1800)|Dagaalkii Ampfing (1800)]] wuxuu dhacay 1-dii Diseembar 1800 intii lagu jiray [[War of the Second Coalition|Dagaalkii Isbahaysiga Labaad]]. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah xeryaha hoose ee [[Dachau concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada Dachau]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/cclist.html |title=Full Listing of Concentration Camps }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geschichtswerkstatt.de/situation.html |title=Geschichtswerkstatt Mühldorf: Das Waldlager bei Ampfing (Über die Situation der Häftlinge) }}</ref> == Juqraafi == Ampfing waxay ku taal gobolka Koonfur-bari-Sare-Bavaria (Südostoberbayern) ee dooxada webiga Isen. == Siyaasadda == Josef Grundner ([[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|CSU]]) waa duqa magaalada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ampfing.de/rathaus-politik/kommunalpolitik/buergermeister/ |title=Die Bürgermeister &#124; Gemeinde Ampfing }}</ref> Dakhliga canshuurta bulshada wuxuu gaaray €5,581,000 (oo la beddelay) sannadkii 1999, taas oo qayb ka mid ah dakhliga canshuurta ganacsigu uu ahaa €2,948,000 (net). == Astaanta == Waxaa loo qaybiyay lacag iyo buluug; qaybta sare laba garaac oo si qaloocan loo dhex maray, qaybta hoosena qalab qodista oo dahabi ah. Calanka magaaladu wuxuu muujinayaa midabada cas iyo dahabka. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Degenhart Pfäffinger, Kopf2.jpg|[[Degenhart Pfaffinger]] File:Anna Auer.jpg|Anna Auer of Buolach, xaaskii labaad ee [[Gentiflor Pfaffinger]] File:Ampfing Dachau sub-camp 1945-05-04 Nr 80038 ushmm.jpg|xeryaha hoose ee xeryaha fiirsashada Mühldorf-Ampfing ee KZ Dachau (Außenlager Mühldorf-Ampfing des KZ Dachau) </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Commons category|Ampfing}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0j23w4momqz261b2emxtmfyyii0l4v8 0 49366 302453 2026-07-15T10:14:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |name = Amt Neuhaus |image_coa = DEU Amt Neuhaus COA.svg |image_photo = Amt Neuhaus, Luftaufnahme (2014).JPG |image_caption = Aragtida hawada ee xarunta tuulada |coordinates = {{coord|53|17|07|N|10|55|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Amt Neuhaus in LG.svg |state = |district = Lüneburg |elevation = 6 |area = 237.16 |postal_code = 19273 |area_code = 038841 |licence = LG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 55 049 |divisions = 8 degmo |website = [http://www.amt-neuhaus.de/ www.amt-neuhaus.de] |mayor = Andreas Gehrke<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = CDU }} '''Amt Neuhaus''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal [[Lüneburg (district)|Degmada Lüneburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. ''Amt'' waxay ka dhigan tahay "xafiis degmo" af Jarmal. "Xafiiskii degmada ''Neuhaus''" ee asalka ahaa wuxuu jiray ugu yaraan qarnigii 17-aad ilaa 1885, isagoo isku xigta qayb ka ahaa [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] (oo meesha ka baxday 1689), [[Electorate of Hanover]] (1689-1810), [[Kingdom of Hanover]] (1814-1866), iyo Prussian [[Province of Hanover]] (1866-1885). Sannadkii 1885, [[Prussia]] waxay kala dirtay degmadii Neuhaus, halka aaggu uu sii ahaanayay qayb ka mid ah Gobolka Hanover. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadkii 1945 aaggii degmadii hore waxaa lagu daray [[Mecklenburg]] sidaas darteedna waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Soviet Occupation Zone]] sababtoo ah waxay ku taal dhanka midig ee [[Elbe River|Webiga Elbe]], sidaas darteedna iyada oo ay weheliso [[County of Blankenburg|Degmadii hore ee Blankenburg]] iyo degmadii [[Calvörde]] waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah meelo yar oo ka mid ah Gobolka Hanover (tan iyo 1946 [[Lower Saxony]]) oo qayb ka ahaa [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] laga soo bilaabo 1949 ilaa 1990. Ka dib [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]] 1990, degmooyinkii mar ahaa kuwa ka koobnaa Neuhaus ilaa 1885 waxay si degdeg ah u qabteen afti si ay uga go'aan Mecklenburg oo ay ugu noqdaan Lower Saxony sidii degmo midoobay 1992, taas oo sababo la xiriira dhaqan ahaan qaadatay magacii hore ee ''Amt Neuhaus'', ama "xafiiska degmada ''Neuhaus''". Sidaas darteed waa, iyada oo ay weheliso Wendischthun ee deriska la ah ee [[Bleckede]], qaybta kaliya ee Jarmalkii hore ee Bari oo maanta qayb ka ah ''[[States of Germany|Land]]'' oo intii lagu jiray [[Cold War|Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]] ka tirsanaa [[West Germany|Jarmalka Galbeed]]. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[Ostsiedlung|gumeysigii bari]] aagga maanta ee Amt Neuhaus wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Duchy of Saxony|Duchy of Saxony]]. Aagga waxaa loo magacaabay ''Land of Darzing'', markii dukeyaasha Saxon ee wada-taliyayaasha ah [[Albert II, Duke of Saxony|Albert II]] iyo ilma-adeerradii [[Albert III of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert III]], [[Eric I of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric I]] iyo [[John II of Saxe-Lauenburg|John II]] ay u qaybiyeen Saxony [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] iyo [[Saxe-Wittenberg]] ka hor 20 Sebtembar 1296.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 375. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}</ref> Land of Darzing wuxuu markaas ahaa qayb ka mid ah Saxe-Lauenburg, oo sidoo kale si sarbeeb ah loogu yeero ''Lower Saxony''. Qasriga ducal, ''dat Nyehus'' (guriga cusub) waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1369. Magaca qasriga wuxuu u noqday magaca magaalada Neuhaus upon Elbe, oo ah qayb ka mid ah Amt Neuhaus ee maanta. Waxay u adeegtay duchess [[dowager]] [[Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine]] (*1488 – 29 July 1563*, Neuhaus), carmal [[Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]], oo ahayd hoy ilaa dhimashadeeda. Qiyaastii 1600 Duke [[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] wuxuu soo celiyay Qasriga Neuhaus. 1616 qasriga ducal ee deegaanka ee [[Lauenburg/Elbe|Lauenburg upon Elbe]], oo la bilaabay 1180–1182 by Duke [[Bernhard, Count of Anhalt|Bernard I]], gubtay iyo Duke [[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] markaas u isticmaalay Qasriga Neuhaus sidii hoygiisa.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 383. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}</ref> 23 May 1624 gabadha Francis Sophia Hedwig (Lauenburg upon Elbe, *24 May 1601 - 21 February 1660*, [[Glücksburg]]) waxay guursatay Philip, Duke of [[Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] ee Qasriga Neuhaus.<ref>Philip (1584 - 1663) wuxuu ahaa wiil uu dhalay [[John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg]].</ref> Markii uu xilka qabtay 1619 Duke [[Augustus of Saxe-Lauenburg|Augustus]], wiilka Francis II, wuxuu u raray caasimadda Saxe-Lauenburg ee ka timid Neuhaus upon Elbe xagga [[Ratzeburg]], halkaas oo ay ku sii jirtay tan iyo markaas.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373-389, here p. 383. {{ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5}}</ref> Qasriga Neuhaus wuxuu gacanta u galay walaalka ka yar Augustus Francis Charles (*2 May 1594 - 30 November 1660*, Neuhaus) iyo xaaskiisa Agnes of [[Electorate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] (Berlin, *27 July 1584 - 16 March 1629*, Neuhaus), gabadha Elector [[John George, Elector of Brandenburg|John George]]. Ka dib markii [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], uu qabsaday Saxe-Lauenburg oo uu dhab ahaan qabsaday carshiga, isagoo ka hor istaagay kor u qaadista Duchess [[Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg]] 1689, Qasriga Neuhaus wuxuu ahaa madhan. Waxaa la dumiyay 1698 waxaana lebenkii loo isticmaalay in lagu dhiso [[Göhrde Hunting Lodge|Göhrde Hunting Lodge]]. Lüneburg-Celle iyo Saxe-Lauenburg waxay dhaxal ahaan u gudbeen [[Electorate of Hanover|Electorate of Hanover]] cusub 1705. Ka dib guushii [[First French Empire|Faransiiska]] ee ka dhanka ah electorate aagga Neuhaus wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Kingdom of Westphalia]] oo ephemeral ah horraantii 1810, isagoo qayb ka ah ''Lower Elbe département''. Markii ka dib [[Great French War|Dagaalkii Weyn ee Faransiiska]] qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Saxe-Lauenburg laga saaray Hanover 1815, aagga Neuhaus, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ku sii jiray Hanover, kaas oo kor loo qaaday [[Kingdom of Hanover|Kingdom of Hanover]] sannadkii ka hor. Ka dib marka la isku daro Prussian ee Hanover Neuhaus wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Province of Hanover|Province of Hanover]] cusub 1866. Markii la soo bandhigay [[Kreis in Prussia|maamulka degmada qaabka Prussian]] ee Hanover 1 Abriil 1885 aagga Neuhaus wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah degmada [[Bleckede]], oo lagu daray [[Lüneburg (district)|Degmada Lüneburg]] 1 Oktoobar 1932. [[File:Vockfey Denkpyramide.jpg|thumb|right|Xusuus-qorka guryaha Vockfey ee loo dumiyay aagga xakamaynta xudduudaha Jarmalka Bari.]] Xaaladda [[Allied-occupied Germany|qabsashada Allied ee Jarmalka]] xaaladdu mar kale way isbeddeshay. [[British occupation zone|Aagga qabsashada Ingiriiska]] ee Jarmalka ma lahayn buundo u dhaxaysa inta badan gobolka Hanover ee koonfurta [[Elbe]], iyo aagga Amt Neuhaus ee waqooyiga Elbe, markaa Ingiriisku waxay u dhiibeen aagga Neuhaus [[Mecklenburg (1945–1952)|gobolka Mecklenburg]] gudaha [[Soviet zone of occupation|aagga qabsashada Soviet]] ee Jarmalka. Iyada oo ay la socoto inta kale ee Mecklenburg, aaggu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah bari [[German Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadi ee Jarmalka]] 1949. Aagga xakamaynta Jarmalka Bari ee la socda [[inner German border|xudduudda gudaha Jarmalka]], oo xiran tan iyo 1952, ayaa ka dhigtay Galbeedka iyo bangiyada Elbe mid aan la geli karin dadka deggan aagga Neuhaus. Qoysaska loo arkay inay aad ugu dhow yihiin xudduudda ayaa la daadgureeyay guryahoodana waa la dumiyay, oo ay ku jirto qayb ka mid ah tuulada {{ill|Vockfey|de}}. [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1126-001, Fährverbindung Hagenow - Neu Darchau.jpg|thumb|left|Markabkii ugu horreeyay ee ka gudba xudduudda dib loo furay ee webiga Elbe 16 Noofambar 1989 oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin xudduudaha Jarmalka Bari iyo munaaradaha saacadda oo gadaal ka xigta.]] Ka dib dhicitaankii taliskii shuuciga ahaa ee Jarmalka Bari 1989 (''[[Die Wende]]'') doorashadii degmo ee ugu horreysay ee dimoqraadi ah ayaa dhacday May 1990. Degmadii maanta ee Amt Neuhaus markaas weli waxay ka koobnayd siddeed degmo oo madaxbannaan: Dellien, Haar, Kaarßen, Neuhaus upon Elbe, Stapel, Sückau, [[Sumte, Lower Saxony, Germany|Sumte]] iyo Tripkau. Kuwan waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah gobolka dib loo dhisay ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] Oktoobar 1990. 31 Maarso 1992, siddeedda degmo waxay sameeyeen qaybo ka mid ah degmo wadaag cusub oo Amt Neuhaus ah. Siddeedda gole ee degmada ee la doortay ayaa mid walba si aqlabiyad leh u go'aansaday dib-u-isdhexgalka degmada Lüneburg, kaas oo tan iyo 1946 ka tirsanaa gobolka Jarmalka Galbeed ee [[Lower Saxony|Lower Saxony]]. Heshiis gobol-dhexeed ah, labada gobol waxay ku heshiiyeen inay ka soocaan Amt Neuhaus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 30 Juun 1993, markii lagu daray Lower Saxony. Heshiisku wuxuu kaloo ku jiray tuuladii taariikh ahaan Mecklenburgian ee Niendorf, oo ka tirsanayd Sumte tan iyo 1 Janaayo 1974, iyo xaafadaha waqooyiga Elbian ee magaalada koonfurta Elbian ee [[Bleckede]], kuwaas oo sidoo kale dib loo midoobay ka dib kala go'oodii ay sameeyeen Ingiriiskii qabsaday 1945. 30 Juun tirada degmooyinka Amt Neuhaus waxay hoos ugu dhacday lix, ka hor inta aysan kuwa soo haray ku biirin degmada midaysan ee magaca isku mid ah. Iyada oo buundada Elbe ee u dhaxaysa Darchau iyo [[Neu Darchau]] xiriir waddo adag oo u dhaxaysa Amt Neuhaus iyo inta kale ee Lower Saxony ayaa la qorsheynayaa.{{when|date=December 2018}} Afti loo qaaday dadka deggan Amt Neuhaus waxay u codeeyeen inay ku biiraan magaalada Bleckede 7 Juun 2009. Bleckede, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan go'aansan {{asof|2017|alt=ilaa 2017.}}<ref>http://www.amt-neuhaus.de/index.htm?baum_id=8953{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Astaanta == Astaanta waxay isku daraysaa astaamaha dukeyaasha Saxon iyo Saxe-Lauenburgian ee [[House of Ascania|House of Ascania]], barry of ten in sable iyo or oo leh crancelin bendwise, [[Sachsenross|Saxon horse]] ee Lower Saxony casriga ah (sidoo kale waxaa isticmaala Duchy of Saxony ka hor 1180) iyo sawirka Qasriga Neuhaus ee hore. == Tuulooyinka iyo goobaha Amt Neuhaus == [[File:Tripkau Kirche.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Lutheran ee Tripkau.]] Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay toddobada goobood ee soo socda: Dellien, Haar, Kaarßen, Neuhaus upon Elbe, Stapel, Sumte iyo Tripkau. Waxay ka mid yihiin degsiimooyinka iyo meelaha soo socda: Banke, Bitter, Bohnenburg, Brandstade, Darchau, Dellien, Gosewerder, Gülstorf, Gülze, Gutitz, Haar, Herrenhof, Kaarßen, Klein Banratz, Konau, Krusendorf, Laake, Laave, Neu Garge, Neuhaus, Niendorf, Pinnau, Pommau, Preten, Privelack, Raffatz, Rassau, Rosien, Stapel, Stiepelse, Stixe, Strachau, Sückau, [[Sumte]], Tripkau, Viehle, {{ill|Vockfey|de}}, {{ill|Wehningen|de}}, Wilkenstorf iyo Zeetze. == Luuqadda == [[Northern Low Saxon|Northern Low Saxon]] ayaa weli si weyn looga hadlaa Amt Neuhaus. == Iskaashiga == *[[Image:Flag of Poland.svg|25px]] [[Ryn]], [[Poland]] == Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha Amt Neuhaus == * [[Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg]] (1672–1741), duchess iyo heiress ee Saxe-Lauenburg * [[Karl Peters|Carl Peters]] (1856-1918), siyaasi Jarmal ah, faallo ka bixiyay siyaasadda iyo arrimaha hadda jira, gumeystihii iyo sahamiyaha Afrika * [[Werner Conze]] (1910-1986), taariikhyahan * [[Till Backhaus]] (ku dhashay 1959), siyaasi (SPD) * [[Jürgen Schult]] (*1960), ciyaaryahan [[track and field|track and field]] Jarmal ah iyo rikoorka adduunka ee hadda ee tuurista discus tan iyo 1986 == Xusuusin == <references/> {{Authority control}} kz3y2tpc1cdp0bh1jb2vz0a8idfvc8y 0 49367 302454 2026-07-15T10:16:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = 20150924515DR Schlößchen (Porschendorf zu Amtsberg).jpg |image_caption = Gurigii hore ee manor-ka |image_coa = Wappen Amtsberg.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|44|N|13|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Amtsberg in ERZ.png |state = |district = Erzgebirgskreis |elevation = 440 |area = 23.23 |postal_code = 09439 |area_code = Dittersdorf 037209 / Weißbach/Schlößchen 03725 |licence = ERZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 14521010 |divisions = 4 |website = {{url|https://www.gemeinde-amtsberg.de/}} |mayor = Sylvio Krause<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;29 |party = CDU }} '''Amtsberg''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Erzgebirgskreis]], ee [[Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Dadka taariikhiga ah == Tirooyinka soo socda waxay u dhigmaan dadweynaha laga bilaabo 31 Diseembar xuduudaha degmada laga bilaabo Janaayo 2007: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | valign="top" | '''1982 ilaa 1988''' * 1982: 4731 * 1983: 4664 * 1984: 4645 * 1985: 4536 * 1986: 4482 * 1987: 4377 * 1988: 4294 | valign="top" | '''1989 ilaa 1995''' * 1989: 4207 * 1990: 4181 * 1991: 4062 * 1992: 4020 * 1993: 4024 * 1994: 4047 * 1995: 4069 | valign="top" | '''1996 ilaa 2002''' * 1996: 4219 * 1997: 4301 * 1998: 4296 * 1999: 4289 * 2000: 4341 * 2001: 4349 * 2002: 4369 | valign="top" | '''2003 ilaa 2009''' * 2003: 4348 * 2004: 4291 * 2005: 4253 * 2006: 4185 * 2007: 4144 * 2008: 4117 * 2009: 4062 | valign="top" | '''2012 ilaa 2013''' * 2012: 3879 * 2013: 3847 |} :<small> Isha: Xafiiska tirakoobka ee Saxony</small> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 1i4leu8168827x45o9soyti7he7ejp2 0 49368 302455 2026-07-15T10:18:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Amtzell.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|42|22|N|09|44|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Kirche Amtzell.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda St. John the Baptist |image_plan = Amtzell in RV.svg |state = |region = Tübingen |district = Ravensburg |elevation = 556 |area = 30.56 |postal_code = 88279 |area_code = 07520 |licence = RV |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 4 36 006 |website = [https://www.amtzell.de/ www.amtzell.de] |mayor = Manuela Oswald<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-amtzell-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Amtzell 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 |party = }} [[File:Sonnenuhr Amtzell.jpg|thumb|left|[[sundial|Saacad cadceed]] weyn oo siman oo ku taal Amtzell]] '''Amtzell''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Ravensburg (district)|Ravensburg]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} he1rlvktwww8dexd1rol2dzzeqk1vfy 0 49369 302456 2026-07-15T10:20:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Erling (Andechs) 3.jpg |image_coa = DEU Andechs COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|58|0|N|11|11|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Andechs in STA.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Starnberg |elevation = 690 |area = 40.43 |postal_code = 82346 |area_code = 08152 |licence = STA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 88 117 |divisions = 4 ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' |website = [https://www.gemeinde-andechs.de/ www.gemeinde-andechs.de] |mayor = Georg Scheitz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Andechs''' ({{IPA|de|ˈandɛks|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Michael Schoenitzer (MichaelSchoenitzer)-Andechs.wav}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Starnberg (district)|Starnberg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay caan ku tahay Jarmalka iyo meelo ka baxsan [[Andechs Abbey]], oo ah [[Benedictine|keli]] (monastery) oo soo saarayay biir tan iyo 1455. Warshadda kaniisadda ayaa dalxiisayaasha u sameysa safarro ay ku booqdaan. Muusigistii Jarmalka ee qarnigii 20-aad [[Carl Orff]] ayaa lagu aasay kaniisadda Andechs Abbey.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Groote |first1=Inga Mai |title=Musik in der Geschichte – zwischen Funktion und Autonomie |date=2011 |publisher=Herbert Utz |location=Munich |page=148}}</ref> Magaaladani waxay ahayd caasimadda mid ka mid ah gobollada [[Counts of Andechs|Counts of Andechs]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline|Andechs}} *{{wikivoyage-inline|Andechs}} {{Authority control}} 22s958oyti74g9a1uqj06x0rxqc0hym 302457 302456 2026-07-15T10:20:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Erling (Andechs) 3.jpg |image_coa = DEU Andechs COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|58|0|N|11|11|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Andechs in STA.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Starnberg |elevation = 690 |area = 40.43 |postal_code = 82346 |area_code = 08152 |licence = STA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 88 117 |divisions = 4 ''[[Ortsteil]]e'' |website = [https://www.gemeinde-andechs.de/ www.gemeinde-andechs.de] |mayor = Georg Scheitz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Andechs''' ({{IPA|de|ˈandɛks|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Michael Schoenitzer (MichaelSchoenitzer)-Andechs.wav}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Starnberg (district)|Starnberg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay caan ku tahay Jarmalka iyo meelo ka baxsan [[Andechs Abbey]], oo ah [[Benedictine|keli]] oo soo saarayay biir tan iyo 1455. Warshadda kaniisadda ayaa dalxiisayaasha u sameysa safarro ay ku booqdaan. Muusigistii Jarmalka ee qarnigii 20-aad [[Carl Orff]] ayaa lagu aasay kaniisadda Andechs Abbey.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Groote |first1=Inga Mai |title=Musik in der Geschichte – zwischen Funktion und Autonomie |date=2011 |publisher=Herbert Utz |location=Munich |page=148}}</ref> Magaaladani waxay ahayd caasimadda mid ka mid ah gobollada [[Counts of Andechs|Counts of Andechs]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline|Andechs}} *{{wikivoyage-inline|Andechs}} {{Authority control}} 7t49khuc4oclcj612d9zijw2l59k1sn 0 49370 302458 2026-07-15T10:23:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Belgium municipality |name = Andenne |native_name = {{native_name|wa|Andene}} |picture = Vue d'andenne depuis la réserve (retouchée).jpg |picture-legend = |map = Andenne Namur Belgium Map.svg |map-legend = Location of Andenne in Namur Province |arms = Blason ville be Andenne (Namur).svg |flag = Flag of Andenne.svg |province = [[Namur Province|Namur]] |arrondissement = [[Arrondissement of Namur|Namur]] |nis = 92003 |mayor = Vincent Sampaoli ([[Socialist Party (Belgium)|PS]], PSD@) |majority = PSD@ |postal-codes = 5300 |telephone-area = 085 and 081 |web = [http://www.andenne.be/ www.andenne.be] |coordinates = {{coord|50|29|N|05|06|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}} }} '''Andenne''' ({{IPA|fr|ɑ̃.dɛn|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Manestra-Andenne.wav}}; {{langx|wa|Andene}}) waa magaalo iyo [[Municipalities of Belgium|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Wallonia]] oo ku taal [[Namur Province|gobolka Namur]], [[Beljiyam]]. Janaayo 1, 2006, Andenne waxay lahayd dad tiradoodu gaarayso 25,240. Bedka guud waa 86.17 km² taas oo siinaysa [[population density|cufnaanta dadweynaha]] oo ah 292 qof halkii km². Degmadu, iyo magaalada dhexe, waxay ku fidsan yihiin labada dhinac ee webiga [[Meuse]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka soo socda: Andenne, [[Bonneville, Namur|Bonneville]], [[Coutisse]], [[Landenne]], [[Maizeret]], [[Namêche]], [[Sclayn]], [[Seilles]], [[Thon-Samson]], iyo [[Vezin, Wallonia|Vezin]]. == Taariikhda == {{unreferenced section|date=October 2024}} Magaalada waxaa astaan u ah orso, taas oo ka timid halyeeyga arkaya [[Charles Martel]], intii uu ilmaha ahaa, isagoo isticmaalaya dubbe si uu u dilo orso cabsi galisay dadka deggan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andenne (Municipality, Province of Namur, Belgium) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/be-wnaad.html |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=www.crwflags.com}}</ref> [[Collegiate Church of Saint Begga|Kaniisadda Collegiate ee Saint Begga]], oo ku taal Andenne, waxaa la aasaasay qarnigii 7-aad<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collegiate Church of Saint Begga in Andenne - Discover this open and welcoming religious building |url=https://openchurches.eu/en-be/churches/sainte-begge-andenne |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=openchurches.eu |language=en}}</ref>. Andenne waa goobta [[Château du Moisnil]]. Andenne waxay la xiriirtaa [[Rape of Belgium]] 1914, intii lagu jiray kaas oo u dhexeeya 211 iyo 225 dadka magaalada [[massacre|la xasuuqay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=German and Austro-Hungarian War Crimes at the Start of World War One |url=https://www.historyhit.com/german-and-austro-hungarian-war-crimes-at-the-start-of-world-war-one/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=History Hit |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Shakhsiyaad caan ah == * [[Begga|Saint Begga]] (613–693), gabadha [[Pepin of Landen]] iyo hooyada [[Pepin of Herstal]]. Waxay ka aasaastay kaniisad ku taal Andenne oo ay ahayd abbess-kii ugu horreeyay. Waxaa lagu aasay [[Collegiate Church of Saint Begga]] ee Andenne. * [[Gertrude of Nivelles]], (ca.628–659), abbess, oo ay la socoto hooyadeed [[Itta of Metz|Itta]], aasaasay [[Nivelles Abbey]]; walaasheed ka yar St. Begga.<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle= St. Gertrude of Nivelles |volume= 6 |last= Ott |first= Michael |author-link= |short=1 }}</ref> * [[Carl Johan Frederik Jakhelln]] (1914–1987), diblomaasi iyo qoraa reer Norway ah * [[Fats Sadi]] (1927–2009, Huy), muusikiiste jazz ah * [[Roger Laboureur]] (1935–2025), weriye isboorti * [[Cécile de France]] (dhashay 1975), atariisho == Gallery == <gallery> File:Andenne JPG10.jpg|Webiga Meuse File:Hotel de Ville Andenne.JPG|Hoolka Magaalada File:Andenne JPG03.jpg|Place des Tilleuls – Kioskiga (1879) File:Andenne Collegiale kerk Heilige-Begga voorgevel.jpg|[[Collegiate Church of Saint Begga]] File:Andenne JPG0H1.jpg|Isha St. Begge File:Andenne JPG07.jpg|Office du Tourisme – Guri "Art Nouveau" (1907) File:Andenne JPG04.jpg|Guriga St. Begge (1623) File:Andenne JPG06.jpg|Guri classical ah oo loo yaqaan "Maison de Chanoinesses" File:Château du Moisnil.png|Xaradh duug ah oo ah [[Château du Moisnil]] ee Andenne </gallery> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of protected heritage sites in Andenne]] *[[Maizeret]] *[[Château du Moisnil]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} qtt866te2qfm8w433gi595ugvxth1lg 0 49371 302459 2026-07-15T10:25:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Andisleben.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|4|57|N|10|55|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Andisleben in SÖM.png |state = |district = Sömmerda |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Gera-Aue |elevation = 155 |area = 6.81 |postal_code = 99189 |area_code = 036201 |licence = SÖM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 68 002 |website = [http://www.andisleben.de/ www.andisleben.de] |mayor = Hans Vollrath<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 10 November 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;28 |party = SPD }} '''Andisleben''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Sömmerda (district)|Sömmerda]] ee [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} ek1uj47tg9tqtrucgqxd1ydgf21uwbl 0 49372 302460 2026-07-15T10:27:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = DEU Angelburg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|49|N|8|26|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Marburg-Biedenkopf_Angelburg.png |state = |region = Gießen |district = Marburg-Biedenkopf |elevation = 381 |area = 16.73 |postal_code = 35719 |area_code = 06464 |licence = MR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 5 34 002 |website = [http://www.angelburg.de/ www.angelburg.de] |mayor = Thomas Beck<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;23 |party = SPD }} '''Angelburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaŋl̩bʊʁk}}) waa degmo ku taal galbeedka Marburg-Biedenkopf ee waqooyi-galbeed [[Middle Hesse]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta juqraafiyeed === Degmadu waxay ku taal qiyaastii 12 km koonfurta [[Biedenkopf]] ee dooxada Gansbach waqooyiga ''Schelder Wald'' (kayn), oo dhammaadkeeda waqooyi uu ka kooban yahay [[Angelburg Mountain]] (609 m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]) oo leh [[television transmitter|siiyaha telefishanka]]. === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === Degmadu waxay xuduud la leedahay waqooyiga iyo bari [[Steffenberg]]. Aagga degmada [[Bad Endbach]] wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay degmada Angelburg ee Bottenhorn, sidoo kale bariga. Koonfurta, aagga degmada Angelburg wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Siegbach]], iyo galbeedka [[Eschenburg]], labaduba waxay ku yaallaan [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis|degmada Lahn-Dill]]. === Qaybaha degmada === Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay meelaha soo socda: * Frechenhausen * Gönnern * Lixfeld == Taariikhda == Degmada Angelburg waxay bilowday nolosheeda intii u dhaxaysay 1972 iyo 1974 gudaha qaab-dhismeedka dib-u-habaynta degmada Hessian. Degmada Lixfeld waxay leedahay taariikh dib ugu noqonaysa ugu yaraan [[Middle Ages|qarniyadii dhexe]]. Waxaa lagu xusay ''Codex Eberhardi'', oo ah ururin uu sameeyay [[monk|wadaad]] ku sugan [[Fulda]] qarnigii laba iyo tobnaad, waxaana xuskan lagu xaqiijiyay dukumeenti dambe, oo taariikhdiisu ahayd 1238. Tani waxay ahayd xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumeenti ee Lixfeld. Waqtigaas, tuulada waxaa sidoo kale loo yiqiin Lixfeld, laakiin waxay martay dhowr isbeddel magac ah qarniyadii, iyadoo loo yaqaan Lykisvelt ama Litzfeld, laakiin hadda mar kale Lixfeld. Lixfeld wuxuu qayb ka ahaa hantida Wittengestein. Qodista ''Kirchberg'' ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in mar uun qarnigii 9-aad ama 10-aad, [[castle|qasriga]] leh munaarad laga dhisay dooxada iyadoo la eegayo waddadii hore. Lixfeld sidoo kale waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah kuraastii ugu da'da weynaa ee [[court of law|maxkamadda sharciga]] qarniyadii dhexe oo ay ku raaxaysanayeen muddo barwaaqo ah wakhtigaas. [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] maxalliga ah ayaa u guuray qasriga wuxuuna maxkamad ku qabtay geed linden ah oo weyn oo uu la socdo dadka xorta ah ee maxalliga ah. Sayidyada qasriga ayaa sidoo kale ku qasbay ganacsatada isticmaalaya waddada hoose inay bixiyaan cashuur. [[Charcoal|Dhuxusha]] ayaa laga sameeyay kaymaha, iyo dooxooyinka, [[Bloomery|bloomeries]] iyo [[Forge|smithies]] ayaa ku mashquulsanaa dhalaalinta iyo ka shaqaynta [[iron|birta]]. 1238, maxkamadda waxaa laga dhigay ''Zent'' (≈[[Soke (legal)|soke]]) ee Battenberg Counts, kuwaas oo markaa u iibiyay Hantida Archbishop ee Mainz. 1246, von Lixfelds iyo Dörings waxay lahaayeen maxkamadda iyagoo ah dhaxal-sugayaal wadajir ah. 1321-23, qasriga waxaa loo qaabeeyey ujeedooyin kaniisadeed. ''"pastor von Lykisuelt"'' waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1334 iyo kaniisad xaafadeed 1358. Kaniisaddu waxay hoos timid Deaconate ee Breidenbach waxayna hoos timid kafaala-qaadka qoysaska von Hohenfels iyo Döring. == Siyaasadda == Degmadu waa xubin ka tirsan ururka intercommunal Lahn-Dill-Bergland. === Golaha degmada === Ka dib doorashadii degmada ee 6 Maarso 2016, kuraastii golaha ayaa loo qaybiyay sidan:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://angelburg.de/politik/gemeindevertretung/ |title=Gemeindevertretung – Gemeinde Angelburg |access-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042504/http://angelburg.de/politik/gemeindevertretung/ |archive-date=2017-12-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]]: 7 kursi * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 8 kursi * BGL/FWG (isbahaysiga muwaadiniinta): 8 kursi === Astaanta === Astaanta degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa inay tahay xisbi per fess, oo kor ku xusan azure libaaxa Hessian oo la xariijimay argent iyo gules oo hubaysan Or, langued gules, oo xiran taaj Or, hoos ku yaal argent saddex xiddigood oo lix gees leh gules. Libaaxu wuxuu tixraacayaa sharaftii hore ee Hessian, saddexda xiddigoodna waxay u taagan yihiin saddexda degmo ee ka kooban Angelburg. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == * {{Official website|http://www.angelburg.de}} {{Authority control}} 1z6xt81g8nepno7bc77qdrrww602pku 0 49373 302461 2026-07-15T10:29:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Angern Elbe lub 2023-09-17 img01.jpg |image_coa = Wappen Gemeinde Angern.png |coordinates = {{coord|52|21|23|N|11|44|8|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Angern in BK.png |state = |district = Börde |Verbandsgemeinde = Elbe-Heide |elevation = 43 |area = 64.21 |postal_code = 39326, 39517 |area_code = 039363, 039366, 03935 |licence = BK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 83 030 |website = {{url|https://www.gemeindeangern.de}} |mayor = Egbert Fitsch<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Angern''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaŋɐn|-|De-Angern.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Börde (district)|Börde]] ee [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. 1-dii Janaayo 2010 waxay nuugtay degmooyinkii hore ee [[Bertingen]], [[Mahlwinkel]] iyo [[Wenddorf]].<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay ''Ortsteile'' (qaybaha degmada) Angern, Bertingen, Mahlwinkel, Wenddorf iyo Zibberick. [[Image:Angern-Sammlung Duncke (5416472).jpg|thumb|none|Qasriga Angern qiyaastii 1860, Daabacaad uu sameeyay [[Alexander Duncker]]]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} pkus8bcxc6x8psr70o187h9v9vr8k9s 0 49374 302462 2026-07-15T10:31:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Anhausen |image_photo = AnhausenEvangelischeKirche2.jpg |image_coa = DEU Anhausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|30|04|N|07|33|13|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Anhausen in NR.svg |state = |district = Neuwied |Verbandsgemeinde = Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach |elevation = 310 |area = 9.54 |postal_code = 56584 |area_code = 02639 |licence = NR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 38 002 |website = [https://www.anhausen.de/ www.anhausen.de] |mayor = Heinz-Otto Zantop<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1380000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Neuwied], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Anhausen''' waa degmo ku taal [[Neuwied (district)|degmada Neuwied]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} iinabub3wuf7hq8ip537xtztmnhf2lf 0 49375 302463 2026-07-15T10:33:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Ankum COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|32|36|N|07|52|15|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Ankum in OS.svg |state = |district = Osnabrück |Samtgemeinde = Bersenbrück |elevation = 54 |area = 66.32 |postal_code = 49577 |area_code = 05462 |licence = OS, BSB, MEL, WTL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 59 002 |website = [http://www.ankum.de/ www.ankum.de] |mayor = Detert Brummer-Bange |party = }} '''Ankum''' waa degmo ku taal [[Osnabrück (district)|degmada Osnabrück]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Laga soo bilaabo '''Kaniisadda Ankum''' dad badan ayaa u haajiray Nederland ilaa 1800 ka dibna u haajiray USA. Kaniisadda Ankum waxaa ka mid ah degmooyinka Ankum tuulada (=Dorf), Ahausen-Sitter, Aslage, Basum-Sussum tan iyo Juun 1972 degmada [[Eggermühlen]]; Besten oo leh Krevinghausen iyo Striekel tan iyo 1972 degmada [[Eggermühlen]], Brickwedde oo leh Stockum iyo Westrup tan iyo 1972, Bokel tan iyo 1972 degmada [[Bersenbrück]], Bockraden iyo Doethen tan iyo 1972 degmada [[Eggermühlen]], [[Kettenkamp]], [[Nortrup]]-Loxten, Rüssel, Talge tan iyo 1972 degmada [[Bersenbrück]], Tütingen, Westerholte. Maanta degmooyinka aan kor ku xusnayn waxay ka kooban yihiin tuulada Ankum. == Dadka == * [[Georg Preuße]] (dhashay 1950), jilaa * Heinrich Arminius Rattermann (1832-1923), qoraa, taariikhyahan, ganacsade == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} [[File:Ankum, Artländer Dom foto4 2008-07-16 14.26.JPG|thumb|left|Ankum, kaniisad: Artländer Dom]] {{Authority control}} t683bzgdvll9kux9j3jsrft804zpc5y 0 49376 302464 2026-07-15T10:35:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Das ist das Schloss der Stadt Annaburg. Diese Stadt befindet sich im Südosten des Landkreises Wittenberg..JPG |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-91-010 Annaburg COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|51|43|58|N|13|2|44|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Annaburg in WB.svg |state = |district = Wittenberg |elevation = 75 |area = 224.28 |postal_code = 06922, 06925 |area_code = 035385, 035386 |licence = WB |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 91 010 |website = {{url|https://annaburg.info/}} |mayor = Stefan Schmidt<ref name=mayor>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]], accessed 3 February 2022.</ref> |leader_term = 2021&ndash;28 |party = }} '''Annaburg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈanabʊʁk|-|De-Annaburg.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal degmada Wittenberg ee Sachsen-Anhalt, [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ahayd xaruntii hore ee ''[[Verwaltungsgemeinschaft]]'' [[Annaburg-Prettin]]. == Bulshooyinka ka kooban == Magaalada Annaburg waxay ka kooban tahay ''Ortschaften'' ama qaybaha degmada ee soo socda:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[https://annaburg.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1.02.01-Hauptsatzung-Lesefassung-20210223.pdf Neufassung der Hauptsatzung der Stadt Annaburg], 23 February 2021.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *Annaburg *[[Axien]] *[[Bethau]] *[[Groß Naundorf]] *[[Labrun]] *[[Lebien]] *Löben *[[Plossig]] *Premsendorf *[[Prettin]] *Purzien {{div col end}} == Taariikhda == Qarnigii 13-aad, [[Ascanian]]s waxay dhisteen guri ugaarsi oo ku yaal goobta maanta ee Annaburg. Dhismahan quruxda badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuu gubtay 1422. Duke Albrecht III ee Saxony-Wittenberg ayaa isku arkay gudaha guriga markii uu dab qabsaday. Isaga iyo xaaskiisa waxay kaga baxsadeen daaqad iyagoo xiran oo kaliya dharkooda habeenkii. Dabka ayaa dilay dad badan oo ka mid ah dadkii raacay Albrecht, runtii wuxuu kaloo qaatay naftiisa, dhowr maalmood ka dib natiijada dhaawacyadiisa. Tani waxay dhab ahaantii saameyn ku yeelatay taariikhda gobolka, maadaama Albrecht uusan lahayn dhaxal-suge. Geeridiisa, Ascanian dynasty ayaa dhammaatay. 1498, waxaa la dhisay [[Zoo|beerta xoolaha]]. Ilaa 1572, Annaburg waxaa la oran jiray Lochau waxayna ahayd, ilaa laga tirtiray si wanaagsan 1821, xaruntii ''[[Amt (subnational entity)|Amt]]'' ee Annaburg. 1550, Lochau waxay hoy u ahayd 40 nin oo lahaa dhul, oo ay ku jiraan siddeed xoolo-dhaqato ah, hal xaakin feudal ah, sagaal beeraley ah iyo 22 "suburbanites" oo ku noolaa meel uun ka baxsan Lochau. [[Pharmacy|Farmashiyaha]] maxkamadda Saxon ee ugu horreeyay ayaa sidoo kale laga helayaa Annaburg. Xaaskii Elector August waxay ahayd [[Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony|Anna of Denmark]]), gabadha boqorka Danishka [[Christian III of Denmark|Christian III]]. Iyada, guriga quruxda badan – iyo sidaas darteed sidoo kale magaalada – ayaa loo bixiyay magac kale. Tan iyo 1762, hoyga kor ku xusan wuxuu ahaa goobta machadka milatari ee dhalinyarada oo in ka badan 500 oo arday ah oo da'doodu u dhaxayso 11 ilaa 15 sano waxbarasho lacag la'aan ah ay ku heleen shaqaalaha milatariga ee Protestant (''evangelisch'') iimaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray dugsi kale oo diyaargarow u ah sarkaalka yar oo ku yaal xero cusub oo la dhisay. Julaay 1754, Johann Christian Noack, "der ''Malificant''" (''i.e.'' "Dambiilaha") waxaa lagu fuliyay dilka [[breaking wheel|taayirka jabinta]] waxaana looga tagay halkaas si uu uga hortago kuwa kale inay nolol ka dhigaan falal xun. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dilalkii ugu dambeeyay ee noocaas ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1780, ''Amt'' actuary, Christian August Seidel, wuxuu ku maamulay [[mulberry|mulberry]] [[orchard|beer]] Annaburg. Laga soo bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1944, Annaburg waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Saxony|Gobolka Saxony]]. Ka dib markii ay lumiyeen xuquuqda magaalada qarnigii 17-aad, waxaa mar kale la siiyay Annaburg 1939. 1942, Annaburg waxay u adeegeen xero hayn oo loogu talagalay maxaabiista Hindiya ee [[British Indian Army|Ciidanka Hindiya ee Ingiriiska]], oo lagu qabtay ololihii Waqooyiga Afrika. Tani waxaa lagu sameeyay amarka hoggaamiyaha qaranka Hindiya, [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]; iyo sida goob lagu abuuro [[Indian Legion|Free India Legion]] (ugu dambeyntii lagu daray dhaarta ciidanka Jarmalka) si ay ugu dagaalamaan xorriyadda Hindiya ee xukunka Ingiriiska.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joshi|first=Vandana|date=2020|title=The Making of a Cosmopolitan Jangi Qaidi: A Leaf from Sohan Singh’s Prison Notebook written in Annaburger Stammlager D/Z in German captivity during the Second World War (1942- 45)|url=https://www.projekt-mida.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Joshi-Vandana-The-Making-of-a-Cosmopolitan-Jangi-Qaidi-A-Leaf-from-Sohan-Singh.pdf|journal=MIDA Archival Reflexicon|pages=11 pp.}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1944 ilaa 1945, Annaburg waxay qayb ka ahayd Gobolka [[Halle-Merseburg]]. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Annaburg waxaa lagu daray Gobolka (tan iyo 1947, Gobolka) ee [[Saxony-Anhalt (1945–1952)|Saxony-Anhalt]] laga bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1952 iyo [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]] laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990. Tan iyo 1990, Annaburg waxay qayb ka ahayd [[Saxony-Anhalt]]. <gallery> File:Annaburg_Vorderschloss.jpg|Vorderschloss File:Annaburg_Hinterschloss.jpg|Hinterschloss File:Annaburg_Grundschule.jpg|Dugsiga hoose File:Annaburg_Sekundarschule.jpg|Dugsiga sare </gallery> == Shakhsiyaad == * [[Justus Christian Thorschmidt]] (1688–1738), wadaad iyo taariikhyahan * [[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony]] (1463-1525), sidoo kale [[Frederick the Wise]], Elector ee Saxony, wuxuu ku noolaa Lochau ilaa 1500 wuxuuna ku dhintay halkan 1525 [[File:Lucas Cranach d. J. 011.jpg|thumb|120px|Anne of Denmark (ka dib 1565)]] * [[Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony]] (1532-1585), oo loo yaqaan '' Hooyo Anna '', Electress ee Saxony iyo xaaska Augustus I. Saxony, oo loogu magac daray magaalada Annaburg, waxay ku noolayd qasriga cusub ee la dhisay Lochau (dambe Annaburg), qasriga Annaburg wuxuu hoy u ahaa farmashiyaha ugu horreeya ee maxkamadda Saxon * [[Michael Stifel]] (1487-1567), wadaad, xisaabiyen iyo dib-u-habeyn, wuxuu ahaa wada-shaqeeye Martin Luther wuxuuna u shaqeeyay wadaad ahaan Lochau (hadda Annaburg) == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons category|Annaburg}} *{{Official website|http://www.annaburg.de }} {{Authority control}} jp5pd206n569zgfws7ooe8jjnb7ddkt 0 49377 302465 2026-07-15T10:37:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Anröchte |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Kirche-Anröchte.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa = DEU Anroechte COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|34|N|8|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Anröchte in SO.svg |state = |region = Arnsberg |district = Soest |elevation = 197 |area = 73.79 |postal_code = 59609 |area_code = 02947, 02927 |licence = SO |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 74 004 |divisions = 10 |website = [http://www.anroechte.de/ www.anroechte.de] |mayor = Alfred Schmidt<ref>[https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_bm.shtml Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020], Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 30 June 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;25 |party = independent }} '''Anröchte''' ({{IPA|de|ˈanʁœçtə|-|De-Anröchte2.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Soest (district)|degmada Soest]], ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 13 km koonfurta [[Lippstadt]] iyo 15 km bari ka xigta [[Soest, Germany|Soest]]. === Degmooyinka deriska la ah === * [[Bad Sassendorf]] * [[Erwitte]] * [[Rüthen]] * [[Warstein]] === Qaybaha magaalada === Ka dib dib-u-habayntii dawladda hoose ee 1975 Anröchte waxay ka kooban tahay 10 degmo: * Anröchte (7,087 qof oo deggan) * Altengeseke (901 qof oo deggan) * Altenmellrich (370 qof oo deggan) * Berge (715 qof oo deggan) * Effeln (752 qof oo deggan) * Klieve (381 qof oo deggan) * Mellrich (767 qof oo deggan) * Robringhausen (153 qof oo deggan) * Uelde (110 qof oo deggan) * Waltringhausen (102 qof oo deggan) === Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah === * [[Image:Flag of Poland.svg|25px]] [[Radków]] ([[Poland]]) – tan iyo 1954 == Dadka == * [[Gotthard Kettler]] (1517–1587), sayidkii ugu dambeeyay ee Amarka Livonian iyo Duke-kii ugu horreeyay ee Courland iyo Semigallia. == Tixraacyo == <references /> == Xiriirka dibadda == *[http://www.anroechte.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anrochte}} la8s2nku4dbx447rqj551pr4695wz33 0 49378 302466 2026-07-15T10:39:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Anschau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|53|N|7|05|47|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Anschau in MYK.PNG |state = |district = Mayen-Koblenz |Verbandsgemeinde = Vordereifel |elevation = 435 |area = 5.15 |postal_code = 56729 |area_code = 02656 |licence = MYK |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 37 004 |mayor = Franz-Josef Bläser<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1370000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Anschau''' ({{IPA|de|ˈanʃaʊ}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Mayen-Koblenz|degmada Mayen-Koblenz]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4b0u8hx87vg69z53zak755vz0nydi43 0 49379 302467 2026-07-15T10:41:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Antdorf COA.svg |image_photo = Antdorf GO-1.jpg |image_caption = Antdorf seen from the northeast |coordinates = {{coord|47|45|N|11|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Antdorf in WM.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Weilheim-Schongau |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Habach |elevation = 631 |area = 22.38 |postal_code = 82387 |area_code = 08856 |licence = WM |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 90 113 |website = [https://www.antdorf.de/ www.antdorf.de] |mayor = Klaus Kostalek<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Antdorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈantdɔʁf}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Weilheim-Schongau]], ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2d0oqorqtq0afq3xg5bas64qx5gb8xo 0 49380 302468 2026-07-15T10:43:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Antweiler COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|24|33|N|6|49|53|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Antweiler in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 289 |area = 4.46 |postal_code = 53533 |area_code = 02693 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 004 |website = [http://www.antweiler.de/ www.antweiler.de] |mayor = Peter Richrath<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Antweiler''' waa degmo ku taal [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b124p1dehw0sur1n4k24ucg1g420xsn 0 49381 302469 2026-07-15T10:44:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Anzing COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|09|N|11|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Anzing in EBE.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Ebersberg |elevation = 518.82 |area = 16.18 |postal_code = 85646 |area_code = 08121 |licence = EBE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 75 111 |website = [http://www.anzing.de/ www.anzing.de] |mayor = Kathrin Alte<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Anzing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈantsɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Upper Bavarian|Oberbayern]] ee [[Ebersberg (district)|Ebersberg]]. == Juqraafi == === Qaybaha degmada === Bulshooyinka ka kooban waxaa ka mid ah Anzing, Auhofen, Boden, Froschkern, Frotzhofen, Garkofen, Hl. Kreuz, Höggerloh, Kaisersberg, Köppelmühle, Lindach, Mauerstetten, [[Obelfing]], Oberasbach, Ranharting, Ried, Staudach, Unterasbach iyo Ziegelstadel. == Taariikhda == 812, bulshadu waxay heshay xuskii ugu horreeyay ee dukumeenti “in loco anzinga”. Waxay ka tirsanayd ''{{ill|Rentamt|bar||de||es|Mayordomía}}'' ee Munich/Court District ee Swabia. Iyada oo hoos imanaysa dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Bavaria 1818, Anzing waxay noqotay bulsho madax-bannaan. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Golaha hadda jira wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 xildhibaan oo ka kala socda 6 kooxood: * 6 xildhibaan, oo uu ku jiro Duqa Magaalada Koowaad, waa ka socdaan [[Christian Social Union of Bavaria|CSU]], * 3 xildhibaan waa ka socdaan [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], * 3 xildhibaan waa ka socdaan UBA (''Unabhängige Bürgergemeinschaft Anzing'', Bulshada Muwaadiniinta Madaxa Bannaan ee Anzing), * 2 xildhibaan waa ka socdaan AJA (''Aktive Jugend Anzing''), * 1 xildhibaan mid kasta wuxuu ka yimaadaa [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Greens]] iyo FWG (''Freie Wählergemeinschaft Anzing'', Bulshada Codbixiyeyaasha Xorta ah ee Anzing) === Duqa magaalada === * Duqa Magaalada Koowaad: Richard Hollerith (CSU) * Duqa Magaalada Labaad: Franz Finauer (UBA) * Duqa Magaalada Saddexaad: Peter Moossmann (CSU) === Astaanta === Astaanta Anzing waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: In Or libaax rampant sable hubaysan iyo langued gules, kaas oo ka sarreeya laba ulaha ubaxa ee iskutallaabta ah (''Lilienstäbe'' ee Jarmalka) azure. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Anzing waxay leedahay isgoys la leh [[Bundesautobahn 94]], taas oo ka kaxayn doonta Munich iyada oo loo marayo [[Mühldorf am Inn]] ilaa [[Passau]], in kasta oo ilaa hadda (Maajo 2007) qayb ahaan uun la dhammeeyay. Anzing waxay ku taal oo kaliya qiyaastii 22 km bari ka xigta caasimadda gobolka, Munich, 18 km koonfurta [[Erding]], 34 km oo ka socota [[Munich airport|garoonka diyaaradaha ee Munich]] iyo 14 km oo ka socota [[Ebersberg]]. == Ganacsiyada laga aasaasay magaalada == * Lidl Auslieferungslager * Auto König (Exklusiv Fahrzeug Händler) * MasterTent Deutschland * Industrielle Buchbinderei Bückers GmbH iyo ganacsiyo kale oo badan oo gobolka ah. == Dad caan ah == [[Sepp Maier]], goolhayaha FC Bayern iyo sannado badan tababaraha goolhayaha federaalka waxaa loo yaqaan Katze von Anzing - Bisadda ka timid Anzing. [[Gsindl]], kooxda dhagaxa Bavarian. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirka dibadda == *[http://www.anzing.de/ Bogga guriga ee bulshada] {{Authority control}} a9867abr1zqljo6x0c8j5yjjoqb2ibb 2 49382 302470 2026-07-15T10:44:53Z Feerobuuran 46403 Bog cusub: Bacaad ee wadajir ah. 302470 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee wadajir ah. 9vfyf56accyrokksv1a55w8s6bcw9o7 302471 302470 2026-07-15T10:45:03Z Feerobuuran 46403 302471 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee wadajir 4wa11e5sdoxpnxz96ehk88zd6nyy67n 302472 302471 2026-07-15T10:45:19Z Feerobuuran 46403 302472 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee wadaj an3rrazs9st3uny66wes6cgjgiayqdm 302473 302472 2026-07-15T10:45:40Z Feerobuuran 46403 302473 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee wada 6la3r4vhpkbpwl775bblia6m6yg3iiw 302474 302473 2026-07-15T10:45:53Z Feerobuuran 46403 302474 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee wa i22e61koijn84b22bk0ejuc4h74jx1c 302475 302474 2026-07-15T10:46:04Z Feerobuuran 46403 302475 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacaad ee ankfezcakyq87lrqtdsj48e67tw0lk1 0 49383 302476 2026-07-15T10:46:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Apelern COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|52|17|25|N|09|20|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Apelern in SHG.svg |state = |district = Schaumburg |Samtgemeinde = Rodenberg |elevation = 81 |area = 24.6 |postal_code = 31552 |area_code = 05043 |licence = SHG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 2 57 002 |divisions = 6 |mayor = A. Kölle |party = SPD }} '''Apelern''' waa degmo ka tirsan ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' Rodenberg ee degmada [[Schaumburg]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal [[Deister-Süntel valley|dooxada Deister-Süntel]] waxayna u dhowdahay A2 Autobahn oo ku taal Lauenau iyo koonfurta Rodenberg, inta u dhaxaysa buuraha [[Deister]], [[Süntel]] iyo [[Bückeberg]]. Wabiga Riesbach wuxuu maraa tuulada wuxuuna ku dhacaa Rodenberger Aue (webi). Marka laga reebo tuulada Apelern lafteeda, bulshada Apelern waxaa ka mid ah tuulooyinka Gross Hegesdorf, Kleinhegesdorf, Lyhren, Reinsdorf iyo Soldorf. Joogitaanka Apelern waxaa la diiwaangeliyay ilaa 1162 markii la dhisay kaniisadda. Magacu wuxuu macno ahaan u dhignaa "geedaha tufaaxa", waxaana jira geedaha tufaaxa ee ku yaal beerta hantida Münchhausen <!--Rittergut--> ilaa maantadan la joogo. Waqtigii Saxon (qarniyadii 8-aad iyo 9-aad) Apelern waxay lahayd goob cibaado (xarunta archdeaconry) iyo maxkamad caddaalad ah. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 12-aad, kaniisaddu waxay ahayd kaniisadda ugu weyn ee Buckigau. Sida tuulooyin badan oo ku yaal Jarmalka iyo meelo kale, taariikhdeedu waxay si dhow ugu xiran tahay tan ku-xigeenka maxalliga ah. 300 ilaa 400 ee sano ee la soo dhaafay qoysaska sharafta leh ee Münchhausen iyo Hammerstein ayaa calaamadooda ku reebay tuulada. Dhismayaasha mudan in la booqdo tuulada waa * Kaniisadda laba-geesoodka ah, oo la dhisay qiyaastii 1162 * Schloss Münchhausen (1561), qoraaga iyo gabayaaga [[Börries von Münchhausen]] ayaa halkan ku noolaa. * Schloss Hammerstein (1590) == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5ik050hg3eq953ds0qhdtxjyks77egm 0 49384 302478 2026-07-15T10:48:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |name = Apen |image_photo = Rathaus Gemeinde Apen (Landkreis Ammerland).jpg |image_caption = Hoolka magaalada Apen |image_flag = Flagge Apen.svg |image_coa = DEU Apen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|13|17|N|07|48|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Apen in WST.svg |state = |district = Ammerland |elevation = 3 |area = 77.02 |postal_code = 26689 |area_code = 04489 |licence = WST |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 51 001 |divisions = 9 degmo |website = [http://www.apen.de www.apen.de] |mayor = Matthias Huber<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = SPD }} '''Apen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːpn̩}}; {{langx|nds|Aap}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Ammerland]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Xusitaankii taariikheed ee ugu horreeyay ee Apen waxay dib ugu noqotaa qiyaastii 1230, markii Knights of Apen ay bixiyeen adeeg milatari oo ay u qabteen Count of [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]]. Waqtigaas, waxay ahayd magaalo xuduud muhiim ah oo ku taal waddada biyaha iyo dhulka ee [[East Frisia|East Frisia]]. Kaniisadda St. Nikolai waxaa la dhisay qiyaastii wakhtigan. Warshaddii ugu horreysay ee dabaysha ee gobolka Ammerland waxaa laga dhisay Apen 140. Apen waxay ahayd magaaladii qalcadda ugu muhiimsanayd ee gobolka Ammerland ee ka dhanka ah "shisheeyaha" East Frisian qarniyo badan. 1457, Apen waxaa lagu burburiyay isqabqabsi u dhexeeya East Frisians iyo Oldenburgers. Sannadihii xigay, waxaa jiray dab soo noqnoqda oo ka dhacay Apen, tusaale ahaan 1465, 1468, iyo 1473. Qalcadda Apen waxaa qabsaday [[Prince bishop of Muenster|Prince Bishop of Münster]] 1538. 1582, Count Johann von Oldenburg wuxuu aasaasay laba suuq oo ku yaal Apen. Suuqa dayrta ee dhaqanka ayaa weli la dabbaaldegaa sannad kasta. Qalcadda Apen, oo la dhisay qiyaastii 1515, waxaa loo ballaariyay qalcad intii u dhaxaysay 1710 iyo 1730, waxaana la dumiyay intii u dhaxaysay 1773 iyo 1780. Kaliya qalcaddii hore ee qalcadda ayaa weli jirta maanta. 1850, gumeysigii peat ee Augustfehn I-III ee dhawaan la aasaasay ayaa la kulmay horumar warshadeed oo muhiim ah waxayna si weyn uga qayb qaateen warshadaynta gobolka Oldenburg qarnigii 19-aad. Warshadda birta ee Augustfehn ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay horumarkan. == Gallery == <gallery> File:Rathausmarkt in Apen mit Rathaus, Kirche & Glockenturm.jpg|“Rathausmarkt“, hoolka magaalada iyo kaniisadda St Nicolas oo leh munaarad gambaleel. Image:Augustfehn, Katholische Kirche Johannes der Täufer foto2 2010-05-15 15.13.JPG|Augustfehn, Kaniisadda Saint John the Baptist Image:Apen, kerk foto2 2010-05-15 15.53.JPG|Apen, kaniisad </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} nhijsv62yhbsjxmx66ik8vwvk7p746h 0 49385 302479 2026-07-15T10:49:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Apensen COA.svg |image_photo = Kirche zu Apensen 2019.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Lutheran-ka ee Apensen |coordinates = {{coord|53|26|09|N|09|36|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Apensen_in_STD.png |state = |district = Stade |Samtgemeinde = Apensen |elevation = 39 |area = 20.74 |postal_code = 21641 |area_code = 04167 |licence = STD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 59 003 |divisions = 2 |website = [http://www.apensen.de/ www.apensen.de] |mayor = Frank Buchholz |party = FWG }} '''Apensen''' waa degmo ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Hamburg]] ([[Jarmalka]]). Apensen waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso qiyaastii 3,000, bedka oo ah 20.74 km² waxayna ka tirsan tahay degmada [[Stade (district)|Stade]], [[Lower Saxony]]. Waxay ka tirsanayd [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]]. 1648, Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], oo markii hore ay xukumayeen Sweden, laga soo bilaabo 1715 wixii ka dambeeyayna waxaa xukumayay Hanoverian Crown. 1823, Duchy-ga waa la tirtiray oo dhulkeedu wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]]. Apensen sidoo kale waa xarunta ''[[Samtgemeinde]]'' ("degmo wadareed") [[Apensen (Samtgemeinde)|Apensen]]. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == Apensen waa [[town twinning|mataano]] la leh * [[File:POL Kolbuszowa COA.svg|24px]] [[Kolbuszowa]] ee [[Poland]] {{Flagicon|Poland}} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} a5k2eb8ux7zvt7bmep78m3jyppnp59u 0 49386 302480 2026-07-15T10:51:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Apfeldorf COA.svg |image_photo = Apfeldorf.jpg |image_caption = Apfeldorf |coordinates = {{coord|47|54|N|10|56|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Apfeldorf in LL.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Landsberg am Lech |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Reichling |elevation = 710 |area = 12.31 |postal_code = 86974 |area_code = 08869 |licence = LL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 81 111 |mayor = Gerhard Schmid<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |website = {{url|http://www.apfeldorf.de/}} }} '''Apfeldorf''' ({{IPA|de|ˈapfl̩ˌdɔʁf}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Landsberg (district)|Landsberg]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Apfeldorf waxay ku taal badhtamaha magaalooyinka [[Landsberg am Lech]], [[Schongau, Bavaria|Schongau]] iyo [[Weilheim in Oberbayern|Weilheim]], qiyaastii 40 km waqooyiga xadka waqooyi ee Alps, joog ah qiyaastii 660 m ASL. Wabiga [[Lech (river)|Lech]] wuxuu maraa tuulada. Apfeldorf waxay ku taal Northern Alpine Foreland. == Goobaha caanka ah == Kaniisadda Ruuxa Quduuska ah waxay leedahay saqaf saqaf leh oo munaarad galbeedka Romanesque ah. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} e37pdti5gimkd72iambnmssd38k37kq 0 49387 302481 2026-07-15T10:53:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Apfeltrach COA.svg |image_photo = Apfeltrach14.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Bartholomew |coordinates = {{coord|48|1|N|10|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Apfeltrach in MN.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Unterallgäu |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Dirlewang |elevation = 620 |area = 15.03 |postal_code = 87742 |area_code = 08261 |licence = MN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 78 113 |website = [https://www.vg-dirlewang.de/ www.vg-dirlewang.de] |mayor = Karin Schmalholz<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Apfeltrach''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal degmada [[Unterallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Jarmalka]]. Magaaladu waxay leedahay [[Municipal association (Germany)|urur degmo]] la leh [[Dirlewang]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q8zyahphg4o5swsxmfngw4crvake3iy 0 49388 302484 2026-07-15T10:55:08Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]] ilaa [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 302484 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] 52xgxuil2qdw84rfnfpw6knzwayzq8s 0 49389 302486 2026-07-15T10:56:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | name = Aplerbeck | type = Borough | City = Dortmund | Wappen = WappenAplerbeck.png | coordinates = {{coord|51|29|30|N|07|33|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | Bundesland = | Höhe = 150 | Fläche = 24.98 | Einwohner = 55588 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|title=Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit in den Statistischen Bezirken am 31.12.2020|publisher=Stadt Dortmund|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=4 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304054331/https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik/pdf_statistik/bevoelkerung/02_02_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit_Statistische_Bezirke.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | PLZ = 44287 | Vorwahl = 0231 | Lageplan = Dortmund Bezirk Aplerbeck simple.svg | Lageplanbeschreibung = Location within Dortmund }} '''Aplerbeck''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːplɐbɛk}}) waa degmo (''[[Stadtbezirk]]'') ka tirsan magaalada [[Dortmund]] ee gobolka [[Ruhr district|Ruhr]] ee [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Jarmalka. Tan iyo 1929, waxay ahayd xaafad ka tirsan Dortmund, oo ku taal koonfur-bari ee magaalada. Wabiga [[Emscher]], oo ah wabi ay ku dhacaan [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]], ayaa mara Aplerbeck. Aplerbeck waxaa markii ugu horreysay dukumenti ahaan loogu diiwaangeliyay tuulo ahaan 899. Goobta waxaa lala xiriiriyaa dhimashada laba shahiid oo [[Two Ewalds|labadooduba loo yaqaanay Ewald]] qarnigii 7-aad, sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]]. Aplerbeck waxay ahayd goob laga sameeyo [[mining|macdanta]] iyo [[heavy industry|warshadaha culus]] oo qayb ka ah Ruhr laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 19-aad ilaa 1926, taasoo keentay in dadku bataan iyo dhismaha hoolka magaalada ee wakiilka ah iyo kaniisad weyn. Isbitaal dhimirka oo muhiim u ah gobolka, oo la aasaasay 1890, ayaa weli shaqeynaya, hadda waa {{Interlanguage link|LWL-Klinik Dortmund|de}}. == Taariikhda == Dukumentigii ugu horreeyay ee xusaya Aplerbeck, markaas ''Afaldrabechi'', waa dukumenti aasaasid (''Stiftungsurkunde'') ee 899, erey ka kooban "tufaax" iyo "qulqulka". Sida uu qabo [[Golden Legend]], laba wadaad, [[Two Ewalds|Ewalds]], ayaa lagu dilay meel u dhow Aplerbeck qarnigii 7-aad.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, macdanta waxaa laga sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|Zeche Vereinigte Schürbank & Charlottenburg|de}}. 1855, Aplerbeck waxaa ku xiray tareenka [[Cologne-Minden Railway Company]]. {{Interlanguage link|Aplerbecker Hütte|de}} waxaa la aasaasay 1862.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} 1890, dawladda gobolka [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] waxay u dooratay Aplerbeck inay noqoto hoyga rugta dhimirka ee cusub si ay ugu adeegto [[Ruhr area|deegaanka Ruhr]].<ref name="Liesenberg" /><ref name="LWL" /> Beer hore ayaa la helay, si loogu shaqeeyo bukaanada beerashada. Magaca ''Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck'' (ka dib gaaban: ''Westfälische Klinik'' iyo ''Heilanstalt'') 1904,<ref name="LWL" /> waxaa loogu talagalay inay hoy u noqoto 660 bukaan. Hoolka magaalada ee Aplerbeck, {{Interlanguage link|Amtshaus Aplerbeck|de}}, waxaa dhisay 1906/07 {{Interlanguage link|Wilhelm Stricker|de|Wilhelm Stricker (Baumeister)}}. Aplerbecker Hütte waa la xiray 1925. Aplerbeck waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah Dortmund 1 Agoosto 1929.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Intii lagu jiray xukunka [[Nazis|Nasiibka]], muwaadiniinta Yuhuudda waa la masaafuriyay, kaliya 30 ka mid ah 120 ee 1933 ayaa awooday inay u haajiraan. Qiyaastii 340 bukaan oo ka tirsan rugta dhimirka ayaa la jeermis dilay.<ref name="Tenhumberg" /> 1941, 95 bukaan ayaa loo raray Hadamar waana la dilay.<ref name="Transport" /> <gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:AmtshausDortmundAplerbeck.jpg|Hoolka magaalada File:Altes Amtshaus (old communal town hall and local jail) of Aplerbeck, a suburb of Dortmund, Germany.jpg|Altes Amtshaus (hoolka magaalada iyo xabsiga taariikhiga ah), Abriil 2019 File:Aplerbecker Hütte2.JPG|Aplerbecker Hütte oo ku taal kaarka boostada, {{Circa|1910}} File:Aplerbeck Grosse Kirche IMGP0446 wp.jpg|''Große Kirche'' File:Verwaltung Westfälische Klinik.JPG|Westfälische Klinik, dhismaha ugu weyn 2007 </gallery> == Diinta == [[St. Georg, Aplerbeck|Georgskirche]] waa [[Romanesque architecture|kaniisad Romanesque]] oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1147, laakiin waxay u badan tahay inay ku salaysan tahay dhismo ka weyn qarnigii 9-aad. [[Reformation|Dib-u-habaynta]] waxay gaartay Aplerbeck 1570.<ref name="Liesenberg" /> Iyadoo warshaduhu ay socdaan, kaniisad weyn ayaa loo baahday.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> [[Große Kirche Aplerbeck]] waxaa lagu dhisay [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]] ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay [[Christian Heyden]] laga bilaabo 1867 ilaa 1869.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> Georgskirche dambe looma isticmaalin oo way sii xumaatay. Waxaa la soo celiyay 1963, haddana waa goobta ugu weyn ee adeegyada Protestant-ka,<ref name="Georg" /> halka kaniisadda weyn inta badan loo isticmaalo riwaayadaha.<ref name="Industriekultur" /> Maadaama dad badan oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Poland ay degeen Aplerbeck, waxay u baahdeen kaniisad Katolik ah, taas oo la dhisay ka dib naqshad uu sameeyay {{Interlanguage link|August Carl Lange|de}} waxaana la quduus ka dhigay 21 Diseembar 1880, oo loo magacaabay {{Interlanguage link|St. Ewaldi, Aplerbeck|de|St. Ewaldi (Aplerbeck)|lt=St. Ewaldi}} ka dib markii shahiidada.<ref name="Damals" /> Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, kaniisaddani waxay u noqotay mid aad u yar kaniisad sii kordheysa. Waxaa lagu beddelay 1971 kaniisad cusub.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg.jpg|Georgskirche File:Titelbild des Kirchenführers Der Zeigefinger Gottes von Siegfried Liesenberg..jpg|''Der Zeigefinger Gottes'' (Farta tilmaanta ee Ilaah) </gallery> == Shakhsiyaad == * [[Wilhelm Canaris]] (1887–1945), Admiral<ref name="Liesenberg" /> * [[Paul Graebner]] (1871–1933), dhir-yaqaan{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} * [[Heinz Eberhard Strüning]] (1896–1986), rinjiile, farshaxan == Suugaanta == * Siegfried Niehaus: ''Aplerbeck''. Heinrich Borgmann, Dortmund 1977. * Siegfried Niehaus: ''Kleine Geschichte des Amtes Aplerbeck''. Stadtsparkasse Dortmund, 1980. * Uwe Bitzel: ''Lebensunwert. Die Heilanstalt Aplerbeck und ihre Kranken während des Nationalsozialismus''. Montania, Dortmund 1995, {{ISBN|3-929236-04-4}}. * Hans Georg Kirchhoff, Siegfried Liesenberg (ed.): ''1100 Jahre Aplerbeck: Festschrift im Auftrag des Vereins für Heimatpflege''. Essen 1998, {{ISBN|3-88474-735-5}}. * Georg Eggenstein (ed.): ''Aplerbeck. Sechs Profile – Ein Gesicht''. Limosa, Clenze 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-86037-402-3}}. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|30em | refs = <ref name="Liesenberg">{{cite web |last = Liesenberg |first = Siegfried |url = https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html |title = Geschichte |website = [[Dortmund]] |language = German |accessdate = 11 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160412175211/http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_aplerbeck/leben_aplerbeck/bezirksportraet_apl/geschichte_apl/index.html |archivedate = 12 April 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Damals">{{cite web |url = http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58 |title = Katholische Gemeinde |website = aplerbeck-damals.de |language = German |accessdate = 18 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170214085601/http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/?cat=58 |archivedate = 14 February 2017 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Georg">{{cite web |url = http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html |title = Unsere Kirchen |website = georgsgemeinde.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131213/http://www.georgsgemeinde.de/gottesdienst.html |archivedate = 17 January 2018 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Industriekultur">{{cite web |url = http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html |title = Unsere Kirchen |website = route-industriekultur.ruhr |language = German |accessdate = 18 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160502044854/http://www.route-industriekultur.ruhr/themenrouten/26-sakralbauten/grosse-kirche-do-aplerbeck.html |archivedate = 2 May 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="LWL">{{cite web |url = http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/ |title = Die Ersten Jahre |website = LWL-Klinik |language = German |accessdate = 11 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180112160024/http://www.lwl-klinik-dortmund.de/de/wir_ueber_uns/geschichte/Die_ersten_Jahre/ |archivedate = 12 January 2018 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Tenhumberg">{{cite web |url = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html |title = Dortmund-Aplerbeck Marsbruchstraße 179 |website = tenhumbergreinhard.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721142048/http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/05aaff9c310b0fe15/05aaff9c360ff9610/index.html |archivedate = 21 July 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> <ref name="Transport">{{cite web |url = http://www.tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html |title = Transportliste der Deportierten 1941 |website = tenhumbergreinhard.de |language = German |accessdate = 16 January 2017 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160824035314/http://tenhumbergreinhard.de/1933-1945-lager-1/1933-1945-lager-d/dortmund-aplerbeck-marsbruchstrae-179.html |archivedate = 24 August 2016 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} == Xiriirka dibadda == {{Commons|Dortmund#Aplerbeck}} * [http://www.aplerbeck.dortmund.de/ Stadtbezirksportal] Dortmund * [http://dortmund.aplerbeck.net/ Berichte über Aplerbeck] * [http://www.aplerbeck-damals.de/ Aplerbecker Geschichte] Taariikhda Aplerbeck {{authority control}} 9iei6votlc3jfky751pvzberrick6u8 0 49390 302487 2026-07-15T10:58:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Apolda |type = Town |image_photo = Apolda Rathaus 2003.jpg |image_coa = DEU Apolda COA.svg |image_plan = Apolda in AP.png |state = |district = [[Weimarer Land]] |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16071001 |area = 46.27 |elevation = 205 |coordinates = {{coord|51|1|N|11|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 99501-99510 |area_code = 03644, 036462, 036465 |licence = AP, APD |mayor = Olaf Müller<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;30 |website = [http://www.apolda.de/ www.apolda.de] }} '''Apolda''' ({{IPA|de|aˈpɔlda|lang|Apolda.ogg}}) waa [[magaalo]] ku taal badhtamaha [[Thuringia]], [[Jarmalka]], caasimadda degmada [[Weimarer Land]]. Waxay ku taallaa badhtamaha saddexagalka [[Weimar]]–[[Jena]]–[[Naumburg]] oo u dhow wabiga [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]], qiyaastii 15 km dhanka bari iyo waqooyi ka xigta [[Weimar]]. [[Apolda station|Saldhigga tareenka ee Apolda]] wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Halle–Bebra railway|tareenka Halle–Bebra]], kaas oo qayb ka ah khadka ugu weyn ee ka yimaada [[Berlin]] ilaa [[Frankfurt]]. == Taariikhda == Apolda waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1119. Ilaa 1633 waxay ahayd xarunta qoyska dadka sharafta leh, [[Vitzthum]]s, kuwaas oo u dhaqmayay si madax-bannaan. Intii u dhaxaysay 1633 iyo Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka Apolda waxay ahayd hanti ay leedahay [[University of Jena|Jaamacadda Jena]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga bilaabo 1691 ilaa 1809 Apolda waxay qayb ka ahayd Duchy of [[Saxe-Weimar]] iyo laga bilaabo 1809 ilaa 1918 ee [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (ka dib 1815 Grand Duchy). Qiyaastii 1700, warshadaha tolida ayaa bilaabay inay koraan, si ugu dambeyntii, dhammaadkii qarnigii 19-aad, Apolda ay noqoto magaalada ugu qanisan gobolka oo dhan. July 12–17, 1945, Apolda waxay soo saartay saddex ka mid ah shaqooyinkeeda boostada. Waxay muujiyeen laan cusub oo ka soo baxaysa jirridda geedka. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Thuringia waxay qayb ka noqotay [[German Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmalka]]. Ilaa [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]], Apolda waxay weli caan ku ahayd warshadaha dharka. Tan iyo markaas, hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo la taaban karo ayaa dhacay. == Goobaha taariikhiga ah ee muhiimka ah == Waxay leedahay dhowr kaniisadood iyo taallooyin loogu talagalay eeyaha [[Dobermann Pinscher|Dobermann Pinscher]], oo lagu abuuray Apolda, iyo Christian Zimmermann (1759–1842), kaas oo, ku soo bandhigida wax soo saarka hosiery iyo marada, ka dhigay Apolda mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan Jarmalka ee laamahan warshadaha ah. Markii la gaaray 1900 waxay kaloo lahayd rinjiyeyn ballaaran, shubka gambaleelka, iyo wax soo saarka mishiinnada uumiga, kuleyliyeyaasha,<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Apolda|volume=2|page=183}}</ref> baabuurta iyo baaskiillada. Ka dib [[German reunification|midowgii Jarmalka]] inta badan kuwan waa in la xiro sababo dhaqaale awgood. Gambaleelka ugu weyn ee laadlaadda ee adduunka, ''Decke Pitter'' ee [[Cologne Cathedral|Kaniisadda Cologne]], waxaa lagu sameeyay Apolda. Apolda waxay kaloo leedahay ilo macdan ah. Goobaha ugu muhiimsan waa: * St. Martin's Church (1119), faahfaahin ku saabsan qaabka Romanesque, Gothic iyo Baroque * Town Hall (1558/9), qaabka Renaissance * Castle (qarnigii 16-aad/17-aad) * Railway viaduct (1845/46) * Lutherkirche (1894) * St. Boniface's Church (1894) * Glocken museum (Matxafka gambaleelka) * [[Prager house|Prager house]] (1925), taallo [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] == Dhismaha == Dhismaha warshadda Zimmermann (1880-1881) waxaa nashqadeeyay naqshadeeyaha Karl Timmler waxaana lagu xusay lebenkiisa huruudka ah [[Cladding (construction)|cladding]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Der Zimmermannbau|url=https://www.apolda.de/tourismus-kultur/natur-aktiv/sehenswuerdigkeiten/zimmermannbau|website=apolda.de|publisher=Apolda|language=de|access-date=2025-03-25}}</ref> Dhismaha Eiermann (1906-1907) waxaa nashqadeeyay naqshadeeyaha Bauhaus [[Egon Eiermann]] kaas oo ku wacdiyey ''[[Neues Bauen]]'' 1930-yadii. Eiermann wuxuu beddelay qaab-dhismeedka jira, isagoo ku daray [[roof terrace|saqaf sare]] oo xusuusinaya [[ship deck|sagxadda markabka]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bauhaus 100: Sites of Modernism|editor1=Wolfgang Holler|editor2=Annemarie Jaeggi|editor3=Claudia Perren|page=279|publisher=Hatje Cantz Verlag GmbH|date=2023|isbn=9783775756921}}</ref> == Duqeynta magaalooyinka == Ernst Stegmann wuxuu ahaa duqa magaalada Apolda muddo dheer oo leh 33 sano oo xafiiska ah (1901-1934). {| | {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" class="hintergrundfarbe6" |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! align="left" | Muddo xafiiseedka ! align="left" | Magaca |- | 1869–1871 | Dr. jur. Hugo Mentz |- | 1871–1877 | Gustav Francke |- | 1878–1888 | Julius Schrön |- | 1888–1890 | Friedrich August Eupel |- | 1890–1896 | Oskar Stechow |- | 1896–1900 | Georg von Fewson |- | 1901–1934 | Ernst Stegmann |- | 1934–1945 | Julius Dietz |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! align="left" | Muddo xafiiseedka ! align="left" | Magaca |- | laga bilaabo 23.4.1945 | Friedrich Maul |- | laga bilaabo 3.6.1945 | Walther Lührs |- | laga bilaabo 8.10.1945 | Johannes Berger |- | 1947–1948 | Kurt Meyn |- | 1948–1950 | Kurt Sparschuh |- | 1950–1953 | Wilhelm Tischer |- | 1953–1955 | Anton Lifka |- | 1955–1959 | Kurt Koch |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! align="left" | Muddo xafiiseedka ! align="left" | Magaca |- | 1959–1963 | Rudi Doye |- | 1963–1983 | Hans Reichert |- | 1983–1985 | Elke Brauer |- | 1985–1989 | Gerhard Brauer |- | 1989–1990 | Jürgen Goller |- | 1990–2006 | Michael Müller |- | 2006–2024 | Rüdiger Eisenbrand |- | tan iyo 2024 | Olaf Müller |} |} == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah – magaalooyinka walaalaha ah == {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} Apolda waa [[Sister city|mataano]] la leh:<ref>{{cite web |title=Die Partnerstädte von Apolda|url=https://www.apolda.de/stadt-apolda/stadtinformationen/partnerstaedte|website=apolda.de|publisher=Apolda|language=de|access-date=2021-02-28}}</ref> *{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Mark Municipality|Mark]], Sweden *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City]], Mareykanka *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[San Miniato]], Talyaaniga *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Seclin]], Faransiiska == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann]] (1834–1894), tarmihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Doberman Pinscher]] *[[Otto Franz Georg Schilling]] (1911–1973), xisaabiye *[[Albert Raisner]] (1922–2011), muusikiiste iyo martigeliyaha TV-ga *[[Klaus Agthe]] (dhashay 1930), ganacsade iyo qoraa *[[Mike Mohring (politician)|Mike Mohring]] (dhashay 1971), siyaasi (CDU) *[[Erich Seidel (ophthalmologist)|Erich Seidel]], dhakhtarka indhaha oo loo yaqaan [[Seidel test]] iyo [[Seidel sign]] == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Prager house]] == Tixraacyo == {{Commons category|Apolda}} {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} cdiqthdzg6tro8jhgg3eisjeg8imks0 0 49391 302488 2026-07-15T11:00:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsteil |Municipality = [[Beverstedt]] |image_coa = Wappen_Appeln.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|53|27|13|N|8|53|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |plantext = Appeln in Beverstedt |image_plan = Appeln in Beverstedt.svg |state = |district = Cuxhaven |elevation = 14 |area = 14.52 |population = 428 |Stand = 2010-12-31 |postal_code = 27616 |area_code = 04747 |website = [http://www.beverstedt.de/ www.beverstedt.de] }} '''Appeln''' waa tuulo iyo degmo hore uga tirsanaan jirtay [[Cuxhaven (district)|degmada Cuxhaven]], ee [[Lower Saxony]], [[Jarmalka]]. Tan iyo 1 Noofambar 2011, waxay qayb ka tahay degmada [[Beverstedt]]. Appeln waxay ka tirsanayd [[Archdiocese of Bremen|Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen]], oo la aasaasay 1180. Sanadkii 1648 Prince-Archbishopric waxaa loo beddelay [[Duchy of Bremen]], taas oo markii hore ay xukumaysay midowga shakhsi ahaaneed ee [[personal union]] ee Boqortooyada Sweden - oo ay hakisay qabsashadii Denmark (1712–1715) - iyo laga bilaabo 1715 oo ay xukumaysay [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] Crown. Sanadkii 1807 [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Boqortooyada Westphalia]] ayaa ku dartay Duchy-ga, ka hor intaysan [[First French Empire|Faransiisku]] qabsan 1810. Sanadkii 1813 Duchy-ga waxaa loo celiyay [[Electorate of Hanover]], kaas oo - ka dib markii loo cusboonaysiiyay [[Kingdom of Hanover|Boqortooyada Hanover]] 1814 - uu ku daray Duchy-ga midow dhab ah iyo dhulkii Ducal, oo ay ku jirto Appeln, waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah [[Stade (region)|Stade Region]] oo cusub, oo la aasaasay 1823.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |title=Appeln, Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany - City, Town and Village of the world |url=https://en.db-city.com/Germany--Lower-Saxony--Cuxhaven--Appeln |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=en.db-city.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 7lg67ka3h7cu3hb8fvpel1ci59gtyzd 0 49392 302489 2026-07-15T11:02:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_flag = Flagge Appen.png |image_coa = DEU Appen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|39|42|N|9|44|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Appen in PI.svg |state = |district = Pinneberg |Amt = Geest und Marsch Südholstein |elevation = 6 |area = 20.3 |postal_code = 25480–25482 |area_code = 04101, 04122 |licence = PI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 56 001 |divisions = 3 |website = |mayor = Hans-Joachim Banaschak |party = }} '''Appen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈapn̩}}) waa degmo ku taal [[Pinneberg (district)|degmada Pinneberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 3 km galbeed ka xigta [[Pinneberg]], iyo 20 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Hamburg]]. Degmadu waxay caan ku tahay riwaayadaha faa'iidada ee sanadlaha ah ee ''Appen musiziert''. Waxay [[Sister cities|mataano]] la tahay tuulada [[Polegate]], oo u dhow [[Eastbourne]] ee [[East Sussex]], [[England]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunbar |first=Dan |date=14 September 2025 |title=Polegate Twinning Association welcomes visitors from Appen, including Mayor Hans-Peter Lütje |url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/community/polegate-twinning-association-welcomes-visitors-from-appen-including-mayor-hans-peter-lutje-5317088 |access-date=2025-10-22 |work=SussexWorld}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} gsz592xiq8fpmb5hmg3snn4tzwp8hvy 0 49393 302490 2026-07-15T11:04:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Appenheim COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|55|47|N|8|01|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Appenheim in MZ.svg |state = |district = Mainz-Bingen |Verbandsgemeinde = Gau-Algesheim |elevation = 183 |area = 6.98 |postal_code = 55437 |area_code = 06725 |licence = MZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 39 001 |website = [http://www.appenheim.de/ www.appenheim.de] |mayor = Georg Schacht<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3390000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Mainz-Bingen], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 4 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = SPD }} '''Appenheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈapn̩haɪm}}) waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal degmada [[Mainz-Bingen]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Mainz]] waana bulsho ku tiirsan beeraha. Xarunta [[winegrowing|beerista canabka]] waxay ka tirsan tahay ''[[Gau-Algesheim (Verbandsgemeinde)|Verbandsgemeinde]] of Gau-Algesheim'', oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Gau-Algesheim|magacaas la midka ah]]. Waxaa aagga degmada mara labada wabi ee [[Welzbach (Rhine)|Welzbach]] iyo Wethbach. == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 882, Appenheim waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti ku jira “Golden Book” ee [[Prüm Abbey]]. [[File:Appenheim Ortsansicht 20100902.jpg|left|thumb|Appenheim]] == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 17 xubnood, oo uu ku jiro duqa magaalada ee waqtiga dhiman, iyadoo kuraasta loo qaybiyay sidan: Doorashadii 2014: *[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]: 7 kursi *[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]: 7 kursi *[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]: 2 kursi === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Apfelstädt (Nesse-Apfelstädt)|Apfelstädt]], [[Gotha (district)|degmada Gotha]], [[Thuringia]] *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Marano di Valpolicella]], [[Province of Verona|Gobolka Verona]], [[Veneto]], [[Talyaaniga]] == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Munaasabadaha joogtada ah === [[Kermis|Appenheim kermis]] (festifaalka quduus-dhigidda kaniisadda, oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''Kerb'') waxaa had iyo jeer la qabtaa horraanta Juun. == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == === Gaadiidka === Degmada waxaa mara ''[[Landesstraße]]'' (waddo goboleed) 415. [[Autobahn]]en [[Bundesautobahn 60|A 60]] iyo [[Bundesautobahn 63|A 63]] waxaa baabuur lagu gaari karaa toban ilaa labaatan daqiiqo gudahood. === Waxbarashada === Waxaa jira [[kindergarten|beerta carruurta]] ee degmada iyo [[primary school|dusi hoose]], ''Grundschule Welzbachtal''. == Waxyaabaha cajiibka ah == {{More citations needed|date=June 2017}} Beerta canabka ee Appenheimer Hundertgulden oo ku taal jiirarka Westerberg waa beerta canabka ee leh boqolkiiba ugu sarreeya ee kaarboonate dhammaan Jarmalka. Tan waxaa ka yimaada khamriyo leh dhanaan miro leh oo leh pH heerar sare ah kuwaas oo aad u macdanaysan laakiin haddana aad u caafimaad qaba. == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === *Johann Horn (d. 1800), askari ka tirsan ciidanka Palatine-Bavarian, Knight of the Bavarian Medal of Bravery *Johann Konrad Schiede (b. qiyaastii 1760 ee [[Kassel]]; d. 19 Sebtembar 1826 ee Appenheim), wuxuu ahaa wadaad, ka qaybqaate ka mid ah dhammaadkii [[Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] iyo qoraa sheekooyin raqiis ah. *Esther Knewitz, Rheinhessen Wine Queen 2001–2002, German Wine Princess 2003-2004 == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Appenheim}} * [http://www.appenheim.de Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 7x7otob24ds94wqe2fxf2evejmpn3lz 0 49394 302492 2026-07-15T11:08:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_flag = Flagge Appenweier.svg |image_coa = DEU Appenweier COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|32|23|N|7|58|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Appenweier in OG.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Ortenaukreis |elevation = 152 |area = 38.02 |postal_code = 77767 |area_code = 07805 |licence = OG, BH, KEL, LR, WOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 17 005 |website = [https://www.appenweier.de/ www.appenweier.de] |mayor = Viktor Lorenz<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-appenweier-2024/ Bürgermeisterwahl Appenweier 2024], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;32 |party = }} [[File:Appenweier, toren van de Sankt Michaelkirche IMG 1896 2022-05-19 12.32.jpg|Appenweier, churchtower (Sankt Michaelkirche)|thumb|left|200px]] '''Appenweier''' ({{IPA|de|ˈapn̩vaɪɐ}}; {{langx|gsw|label=[[Low Alemannic German|Low Alemannic]]|Appewiir}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ku taal galbeedka [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Jarmalka]] ee [[district of Ortenau|degmada Ortenau]]. == Juqraafi == Appenweier waxay ka kooban tahay degmada weyn ee Appenweier (4,075 oo qof oo deggan), Urloffen (4,301 oo qof oo deggan), oo caan ku ah beerista [[horseradish|horseradish]], iyo Nesselried (1,383 oo qof oo deggan). Degmada Nesselried waxay martaa dooxada Wannenbach, halka Urloffen ay ku taal waqooyiga Appenweier. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[File:Appenweier-Nesselried, Wallfahrtskirche IMG 5319 2023-05-06 10.34.jpg|thumb|Nesselried, church (Wallfahrtskirche)|left|240px]] == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Appenweier}} * [https://www.appenweier.de/ Bogga Webka Appenweier (Jarmal)] * [https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/appenweier.php Taariikhda Appenweier, goobaha xiisaha leh, goobta loo socdo (Jarmal)] {{Authority control}} qg1jcyl2byhvm53lljcq3wq6yqmdqop 0 49395 302493 2026-07-15T11:11:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Arbach COA.svg |image_photo = ArbachEifel1.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|50|17|03|N|7|2|54|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Arbach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Kelberg |elevation = 400 |area = 4.40 |postal_code = 56769 |area_code = 02657 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 201 |mayor = Uwe Schöne<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Arbach''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kelberg (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Kelberg]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kelberg|degmada magacaas la midka ah]]. == Juqraafi == Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Eifel]] oo caan ku ah taariikhdeeda foolkaanooyinka, astaamaha juqraafiyeed iyo cilmiga dhulka, iyo xitaa hawlqabad socda maanta, oo ay ku jiraan gaasaska mararka qaarkood ka soo baxa dhulka. == Taariikhda == Sannadkii 1336, Arbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti sida ''Arrebarre'' ama ''Arrebach'', taas oo horgalaha ''Arre'' – oo la xiriirta [[English language|Ingiriisiga]] “ear” [[Ear (botany)|oo leh macno isku mid ah]] – uu tilmaamayay dhegaha miraha badarka (kan waa ''Ähre'' ee [[German language|Jarmalka Casriga ah ee Sare]]). == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh. === Astaanta degmada === Sharaxaadda Jarmalka ee astaantu waa: ''In Gold, durch einen schrägrechten blauen Wellenbalken geteilt, vorn drei schwarze Getreidehalme, hinten ein rotes durchgehendes Kreuz''. [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sidan: Or a bend wavy azure between three wheat stalks, the one in dexter bent to dexter below the ear and the one in sinister bent to sinister at the ear sable, and a cross gules. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == === Dhismayaasha === * Kaniisadda [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] ee ku taal Wiesenweg – [[aisleless church|kaniisad aan lahayn waddooyin dhinacyada ah]] oo la dhisay 1952, inkasta oo ay suurtogal tahay in ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah kaniisaddii ka horreysay ee 1766. * Hauptstraße 5 – qaybta la deggan yahay ee [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] ''Quereinhaus'' (guri isku dhafan oo la deggan yahay iyo mid ganacsi oo loo qaybiyay labadan ujeeddo xagga dhexe, si toos ah wadada), oo leh saqaf qayb ahaan la saaray, oo la sheegay inuu yahay 1766. * Hauptstraße 9 – guri alwaax ah, qayb ahaan adag, laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 1900. * Wayside cross – koonfur-galbeed ee tuulada xadka degmada ee [[Retterath]].<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> === Taallooyinka dabiiciga ah === Sida degmooyin badan oo ku yaal aaggan oo muddo dheer ka hooseeyay awoodda Napoleonic, sannad-guuradii boqollaad ee xoraynta ka “Frenchman’s Yoke” ayaa sidoo kale halkan lagu dabaaldegay 1913 iyadoo la beeray ''Kaiserlinde'' (“Boqorka [[Tilia|geedka liin dhanaanta]]”) iyadoo lagu sharfayo [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]] iyo in la dhigo dhagax xusuus ah. Dhagaxa weli waxaa lagu arki karaa Schulstraße ee dugsigii hore. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100306150635/http://www.vgv-kelberg.de/vg_kelberg/Gemeinden/Arbach/ Arbach ee bogagga Webka ee degmada la isku daray] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} 3bc1o18kk8wwsu82hfeh346d27alr2y 0 49396 302494 2026-07-15T11:12:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Arberg COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|8|N|10|37|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Arberg in AN.svg |state = |region = Mittelfranken |district = Ansbach |elevation = 468 |area = 31.31 |postal_code = 91722 |area_code = 09822 |licence = AN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 5 71 113 |divisions = 12 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.arberg.de/ www.arberg.de] |mayor = Hans-Jürgen Nägelein<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} [[Image:Arberg, Marktplatz 1, Torturm.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Dhismaha iridda ee Arberg.]] '''Arberg''' waa [[Municipalities in Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Ansbach (district)|Ansbach]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Jarmalka]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Odilo Weeger]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pvtw17618extf6upu8q9nfyw3mjg9gw 0 49397 302496 2026-07-15T11:13:51Z Feerobuuran 46403 Feerobuuran la wareejiyay bogga [[Cumar Carte Qaalib]] ilaa [[Cumar Ghalib]] 302496 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cumar Ghalib]] ehti1313ws69m7y0dnl5dh9dkkhtnw4 0 49398 302497 2026-07-15T11:14:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen Aremberg.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|24|59|N|6|48|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Aremberg in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 530 |area = 9.62 |postal_code = 53533 |area_code = 02693 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 005 |mayor = Alois Schneider<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} [[File:Aremberg 1.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Aremberg]] '''Aremberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːʁəmbɛʁk}}) waa degmo ka tirsan [[Ahrweiler (district)|degmada Ahrweiler]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. Meel u dhow waxaa ku yaal burburka [[Aremberg Castle|Qasriga Aremberg]], oo mar ahaan jiray qalcaddii awoodda badnayd ee [[House of Arenberg|Qoyska Arenberg]], oo ku taal dusha sare ee [[Aremberg (mountain)|Aremberg]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 03el3tuc8sersz7oyvthazobepvi99s 0 49399 302498 2026-07-15T11:16:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_photo = Arendsee Rathaus.jpg |image_caption = Town hall |image_coa = DE-ST 15-0-81-030 Arendsee COA.png |coordinates = {{coord|52.8767|11.4867|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Arendsee (Altmark) in SAW.png |plantext = |state = |district = Altmarkkreis Salzwedel |elevation = 25 |area = 269.68 |postal_code = 39619 |area_code = 039003, 039034, 039036, 039384 |licence = SAW, GA, KLZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 15 0 81 030 |website = {{url|http://www.stadt-arendsee.eu/}} |mayor = Norman Klebe<ref>[https://wahlergebnisse.sachsen-anhalt.de/wahlen/bmbm/index.html Bürgermeisterwahlen in den Gemeinden, Endgültige Ergebnisse], [[Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt]]. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Arendsee''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaːʁɛntˌzeː|-|Arendsee.ogg}}) waa magaalo ku taal [[Altmarkkreis Salzwedel]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa loogu magac daray harada [[Arendsee (lake)|Arendsee]], oo ku taal waqooyiga magaalada. == Juqraafi == [[File:Arendsee See.JPG|left|thumb|200px|Arendsee]] [[File:Arendsee Klosterkirche.jpg|thumb|199px|Monastery church]] Degmadu waxay ku taal gobolka [[Altmark]] iyo bangiga koonfureed ee harada Arendsee, taas oo ah harada dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn uguna qoto dheer Saxony-Anhalt. {{clear-left}} === Qaybaha === Magaalada Arendsee waxay ka kooban tahay Arendsee lafteeda (oo ay ku jiraan ''Ortsteile'' Genzien iyo Gestien) iyo qaybaha degmada ee soo socda:<ref name=Hauptsatzung>[https://arendsee.info/stadt-arendsee/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/07/2020_05_25_hauptsatzung.pdf Hauptsatzung der Stadt Arendsee (Altmark)], 21 January 2020.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} *[[Binde, Germany|Binde]] (incl. Ritzleben) *[[Fleetmark]] (incl. Lüge, Molitz, Störpke) *[[Höwisch]] *[[Kaulitz]] *[[Kerkau]] (incl. Lübbars) *[[Kläden]] (incl. Kraatz) *[[Kleinau]] (incl. Dessau, Lohne) *[[Leppin]] (incl. Harpe, Zehren) *[[Mechau]] *[[Neulingen, Saxony-Anhalt|Neulingen]] *[[Rademin]] (incl. Ladekath) *[[Sanne-Kerkuhn]] (Sanne and Kerkuhn) *[[Schrampe]] (incl. Zießau) *[[Thielbeer]] (incl. Zühlen) *[[Vissum]] (incl. Kassuhn, Schernikau) *[[Ziemendorf]] {{div col end}} == Taariikhda == Meelaha iyo harada waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay [[Royal Frankish Annals]] sanadkii 822. Sanadkii 1184 [[Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg]] wuxuu ka aasaasay [[Benedictine]] [[nunnery|kiniisad]] Arendsee halka kii markaas ahaa [[Bishop of Verden#Catholic Prince-Bishops (1180–1566)|Prince-Bishop of Verden]], [[Tammo of Verden|Tammo]] (d. 1188), uu ku deeqay hanti. Degmooyinkii hore ee Binde, Höwisch, Kaulitz, Kerkau, Kläden, Kleinau, Leppin, Neulingen, Sanne-Kerkuhn, Schrampe, Thielbeer iyo Ziemendorf ayaa lagu biiriyay Arendsee 1 Janaayo 2010.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2010.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2010], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> Degmooyinkii hore ee Fleetmark, Mechau, Rademin iyo Vissum ayaa lagu biiriyay Arendsee 1 Janaayo 2011.<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2011.html Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2011], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> == Horumarka dadweynaha == {| class="toptextcells" style="text-align:right;" | {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#DFEFEF;"| Sannad ! style="background:#DFEFEF;"| Dadka |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|1964 || 10.963 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|1971 || 10.802 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|1981 || 9.401 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|1990 || 8.597 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2000 || 8.223 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2010 || 7.381 |- |} | {| class="wikitable" style="border:1pt grey solid" ! style="background:#DFEFEF;"| Sannad ! style="background:#DFEFEF;"| Dadka |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2011 || 7.237 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2012 || 7.176 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2013 || 7.056 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2014 || 7.023 |- |style="background:#DFEFEF;"|2015 || 6.929 |- |} |} <small>Natiijooyinka tirakoobka 1964–1981, laga bilaabo 2011: [[2011 European Union census]]</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/bevoelkerung/bewegungen/index.html |title=Statistical office Saxony-Anhalt: Bevölkerungsbewegungen (Gemeinden anklicken) |access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Commons category-inline|Arendsee (Altmark)}} {{Authority control}} rrzalwjurl467hbtu8ors0uqcvh6slz 0 49401 302501 2026-07-15T11:18:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Arenrath COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|57|17|N|06|44|29|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Arenrath in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Wittlich-Land |elevation = 265 |area = 6.77 |postal_code = 54518 |area_code = 06575 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 003 |website = [http://www.arenrath.eu/ www.arenrath.eu] |mayor = Ludwig Schmitz<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Arenrath''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka la isku daray – oo ku taal [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Eifel]] qiyaastii 13 km galbeed ka xigta xarunta degmada Wittlich, oo u dhexeysa [[Bruch, Rhineland-Palatinate|Bruch]] iyo [[Binsfeld]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Wittlich-Land|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Wittlich-Land]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Wittlich]], inkasta oo magaaladaas lafteedu aysan ku jirin ''Verbandsgemeinde''. === Cilmiga dhulka === Arenrath waxay caan ku tahay dhagaxyada Moselle agate ee ka yimaada [[Quarry|godadka]] quruuruxa ee maxalliga ah. == Taariikhda == Xilligii [[Middle Ages|Dhexe]], Arenrath, oo markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumenti sida ''Arendroch'' sanadkii 1156, waxay samaysatay dhulkeeda gaarka ah ee sayidka gudaha [[Electorate of Trier]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye sharaf leh.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310800300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada (''Ortsbürgermeister'') waa Ludwig Schmitz. === Astaanta degmada === Sharaxaadda Jarmalka ee astaantu waa: ''Wappen von rechtem silbernem Stufenbalken geteilt, oben in Grün links 3 goldene Ähren, unten in Rot ein silberner Ärmel mit silberner Hand, die eine goldene Schale hält.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] ee Ingiriisiga sidan: A demibar in sinister and another in dexter enhanced, the two joined between the honour and fess points with a pallet couped at these points, all argent, in chief vert, sinister three ears of wheat Or conjoined at the stems, in base gules an arm couped below the shoulder, vested and embowed, the hand to dexter, all of the first, the hand holding a bowl of the third. Qaybta lacagta ah ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|gaashaan-xidhka]] (oo lagu sharraxay sharaxaadda Jarmalka sida ''Stufenbalken'', oo u muuqda inuusan lahayn wax u dhigma luuqadda heraldic ee Ingiriisiga) iyo koobka tuuganimada ayaa la sheegay inay yihiin tixraacyo ku saabsan aabbaha quduuska ah ee kaniisadda maxalliga ah, [[Alexius of Rome|Alexius]], oo lagu matalo halyeeyga sida tuug ka hooseeya jaranjaro. Dhegaha sarreenku waxay u taagan yihiin beeraha iyo [[tincture (heraldry)|midabka]] berrin-bannaanka ee cagaaran (vert) waa tixraac magaca degmada, Arenrath, kaas oo laftiisu tixraacayo “Arend’s clearing”. Cagaarku wuxuu u taagan yahay kaymo iyo beeraha halka isku-darka cas-lacagta (gules-argent) uu yahay tixraac ku saabsan daacadnimadii hore ee tuulada u haysay [[Electorate of Trier]]. Arenrath waxaa la siiyay xaq u lahaanshaha astaanteeda sanadkii 1982. == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha dalxiiska == Waxaa jira taallo dabiici ah oo lagu magacaabo ''[[Teufelsstein (Haardt)|Teufelsstein]]'' ("Dhagaxa Shaydaanka"), oo ah dhagax [[sandstone]] ah oo ku yaal meel u dhow xadka degmada ee u dhexeeya Bruch iyo Arenrath. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.arenrath.eu/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2353716/1eorvhs/index.html Sawir kooban oo Arenrath ah oo leh film] oo ku yaal [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} cd2sg9ofxj7de3f9mgyktixhbzae4f4 0 49402 302502 2026-07-15T11:20:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Arenshausen COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|22|36|N|9|58|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Arenshausen in EIC.svg |state = |district = Eichsfeld |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Hanstein-Rusteberg |elevation = 202 |area = 5.79 |postal_code = 37318 |area_code = 036081 |licence = EIC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 61 001 |website = [http://www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de/ www.vg-hanstein-rusteberg.de] |mayor = Matthias Geyer<ref>[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 13 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;25 |party = }} '''Arenshausen''' waa tuulo ku taal degmada [[Eichsfeld]] ee [[Thüringen]], [[Jarmalka]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://home.meinestadt.de/arenshausen|title= Arenshausen |publisher=Meinstadt (My Town) Online Information (In German)| accessdate=February 18, 2014 }}</ref> {{commons category|Arenshausen}} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} h82a77y6i2w54ec4yzwnkkn8nmynksp 0 49404 302507 2026-07-15T11:31:59Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Mahdi Guuleed]] ilaa [[Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 302507 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mahdi Maxamed Guuleed]] lu6dbhbr8o6owesv9x8wyflws4jzzcp 0 49405 302509 2026-07-15T11:32:33Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Cali Geedi]] ilaa [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 302509 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cali Maxamed Geedi]] jf3lvsuzlodm3x4k1r6pbnt5cyxu03t