Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1687 310745 302180 2026-10-23T09:29:55Z AdalMonk 16242 Noqitaan 310745 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Maqaal ku saabsan magaalo taariikhiga ah ee Saylac, faahfaahin fiiri [[Saldanadii Adal]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = | native_name = {{native name|so|Saylac}}<br />{{native name|ar|زيلع|italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Magaalo]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage |color=#ffffff | photo1a = Zeila, Somaliland.jpg | photo2a = Saylac Somaliland.jpg | photo2b = Saylac, Somaliland.jpg | photo3a = Zeila g.place.jpg | photo3b = Zeila_city.jpg | photo4a = Zeila_at_night.jpg | photo4b = | spacing = 2 | border = 0 | size = 266 }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Awdal | pushpin_label_position = Sax | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|11|21|14|N|43|28|23|E|region:SO-AW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Saylac]] | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = ca. Qarnigii 1-aad ee CE | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 18,600<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Somalia City & Town Population]. [http://www.tageo.com/index.php?show=about Tageo.com]. Retrieved 2020-03-18.</ref> | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[BWh]] | name =Saylac }} '''Saylac''' ([[Carabi]]: {{big|زيلع}}; {{wadaad|سيلع}}; {{lang-en|Zeila ama Zaila}}) waa [[magaalo]] xeebeed taariikhi ah oo ku taala gobolka [[Salal]] ee dalka [[Somaliland]]. Magaalada waxay ku taalaa waqooyi-bari Gobolka Awdal, waxayna aad ugu dhowdahay wadanka [[Jabuuti]] oo u jirtaa ilaa 120 km. Taariikh yahanadu waxay sheegaan magaladaan asalkeedii inay ahayd goob madal u ah somalida oo aad u yareed xiliyadii ay jirtey magalada seylac, waxaana la sheegaa taariikhda marka dib loo raaco inay magalada somali aas aastay waqti aad u fog ka hor, magalada saylac waxaa la sheegaa inay aas aaseen beesha madhibaan, lakiin aysan maanta ku badneen oo looga badan yahay, inkasta oo ay qabiilo kala duwani soo maamuleen, Magaalada Seylac oo ah mid qadiimi ah oo aad u taariikh dheer ayaa wakhti xaadirkan magaalo-madax u ah gobolka [[Selel]] oo ah gobol cusub ooy magacaabtey dowlada [[Somaliland]]. Seylac waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay ineey jirtey tan iyo wakhti ka horeeysay soo bixitaanka diinta [[Islaam]]ka, midaasi oo ah goobaha ugu taariikhda dheer qaarada [[Afrika]], iyada oo ay ku yaalaan meelo fara badan oo taariikhi ah hase yeeshee ka turjumaaya taariikhda geeska Afrika gaar ahaan tan [[Soomaalida]]. Waxa laga soo xigtey sahamiyayaal Roman iyo Giriig ah in [[qarni|qarnigii 1aad]] Sey|lac dhisneyd isla markaana lahayd maamul caasimadeed iyo hogaan heer sare ah. Tan iyo horaantii soo bixitaanka [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka magaalada Seylac waxay ahayd hooy waxbarasho, ganacsi, dhaqan, ilbaxnimo, xadaarad iyo maamul boqortooyo. Qiyaastii qarnigii 7aad ilaa 8aad ayaa diinta Islaamku ku soo fidey magaalada Seylac oo wakhti kooban ku noqotay hooyga diinta ee guud ahaan qaarada [[Afrika]], gaar ahaan gobolka geeska Afrika. Badhtamihii qarnigii 9aad ayaa maagaalada Seylac waxay aasaas iyo saldhig u noqotey biloowgii [[Adal|Boqortooyadii Adal]], midaasi oo ka talin jirtey deegaanadaas mudo qarniyo ah ilaa laga soo gaadhayay qarnigii 14aad markii ay gaadhay meesha ugu sareeysay ee deegaanada geeska Afrika. Wakhtiyadii ku xigay waxaa caasimada qadiimiga ah la wareegay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta oo xukumayay tan iyo goortii ay kala wareegtay [[Ingiriis|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. == Juquraafiga Seylac == Magaalada Seylac waxay ku taalaa Galbeedka [[Somaliland]], gaar ahaan xeebta waqooyi ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaaladu waxay xarun u tahay [[Degmada Saylac]]. Sanadkii 2008da ayaa dowlada [[Somaliland]] u magacaawdey magaalo-madaxda gobol cusub oo lagu magacaabey [[Selel]]. Bari iyo waqooyi waxaay Saylac la wadaagtaa gacanka Cadmeed, galbeed waxaa ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], magaalada [[Borama]] waxay dhacdaa 243.3 kilomitir koonfur-bari, halka magaalada [[Berbera]] u jirto 270 km bariga magaalada Seylac. Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Harar]] waxay u jirtaa 320 km galbeedka. Deegaanka magaalada Seylac waxaa uu leeyahay caro bataax coowlaan ah, taasi oo ka dhigtey magaalada lama-degaan la mood. Waxayna dhinaca u saaran tahay [[Banka Giriyaad]] ee dhaca waqooyiga gobolka Awdal, maanta lagu xisaabiyo gobolka Selel. Intaas waxaa dheer, in Seylac agagaarkeeda ku yaalaan ilaa dhowr-iyo-toban gasiiradood oo yaryar, kuwaas ooy ka mid tahay [[Gasiirada Saacadiin]] ee loogu magaca daray suldaan Saacadiin oo ka mid ahaa madaxdii boqortooyada Adal. Wado xumo iyo biyo yaraan ayaa magaalada Seylac ku haya dhibaato weyn. ===Degmooyinka Saylac === * [[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]] * [[Jidhi]] * [[Lawyacado]] * [[Tokhoshi]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Libaax-ley]] * [[Geerisa]] == Taariikhda Saylac == [[File:Zeila_waterfront,_3rd_quarter_of_19th_century.jpg|thumb|Magaalada Saylac qiyaastii qarnigii 19aad.]] Magaalada Saylac waxaa soo booqday qoraagii caanka ahaa ee Ibn_batuutah 1330-kii, halkaasoo uu ku tilmaamay inay ahayd magaalo weyn xilligaa. Qarnigii 16-naad waxay magaalada Saylac ahayd caasimaddii maamulkii caanka ahaa ee Adal. Qoraalada laga hayo Saylac way farabadan yihiin, balse aan ku soo koobo, laba socdaal oo ay kusoo kala mareen nin la odhan jiray Johnston iyo ninkale oo la odhan jiray Richard Burton. Richard iyo Johnston labaduba, waxay soo mareen sebenkii uu ka talinayay magaalada Saylac Sheekh Sharmaarke Ali Saalax oo magaalada ka ahaa guddoomiye muddo dheer. Labadaa nin-ba waxay ku tilmaameen magaalada Saylac inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo uu ka socday ganacsi aad u xoogbadani. Sida ay ku bilaabantey iyo goorta ay aasaasantey magaalada Seylac taariikhyahanadu weli weey isku khilaafsan yihiin. Laakiin waxaa la isla garoowsadey in magaalada Saylac ay jirtey [[qarni]]gii [[1aad]], wakhtigaasi ooy soo siyaarteen bad-mareeno u dhashay Romanka iyo Giriiga. Warbixin laga soo xigtey ragaasi ayaa lagu ogaaday in magaalada Saylac ahayd mid aad u dhisan, maamul iyo kala dambeyn leh, ganacsi aad u balaadhan ka socdo, isla markaana leh mid ka mida xadaaradiihii ugu sareeyay wakhtigaasi. Magaalada Saylac aad ayay u awoodaysatey wakhtiyadii ku xigay, isla markaana ku fidey deegaanada jaarka la ahaa kuwaas oo dagaalo qadhaadh dhex maray. '''DEEGAAN AHAAN''' Magalada saylac waxa degaan ahaan ugu badan '''Beesha Gadabuursi iyo tiro kooban oo [[Beesha Ciise]] ah.''' oo u badan degaanka baadiyaha ee ku xeeran degmada saylac. Saylac waxay xarun u ahayd Ugaasyadii kala duwanaa ee soo maray Beesha Gadabuursi, iyadoo markii Britishku yimid xeebaha saylac ay ku kala saxeexdeen heshiis loogu magac daray Anglo-Gadabuursi Treaty 11-december-1884. '''[[Saldanadii Cadal]]''' (micno ahaan "Cadaalad") waxay aheyd [[boqor]]tooyo xukumi jirtay deegaano badan oo ka tirsan [[Gobolka Awdal]] ee galbeedka [[Somaliland]], meelo ka mid ah dhulka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]] ilaa [[Eratareya]]. Boqortooyada Cadal waxey ka mid ahayd boqortooyada ugu [[taariikh]]da dheeraa uguna awooda weynaa gayiga iyo deegaanada ay dagaan dadka [[Soomaalida]] iyo agagaarkooda. In kastoo boqortooyadu ka bilaabantey magaalada taariikhiga ah ee xudunta u ahayd ee [[Saylac]] waxay saldhigyo waaweyn ku lahayd magaalada [[Harare]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Magaalada [[Saylac]] ayay ka bilaabantey boqortooyadu ka dib ku fidey deegaanka geeska [[Afrika]]. Sanadihii 1415 ilaa 1577 ayay boqortooyada Cadal ugu awood badneyd goortaas ooy maamuleysay in ka badan shan kun oo kilomitir isku wareeg ah. Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku dhaqan yihiin dad gaadhaya ilaa 105,000. Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ===Muuqaalo Taariikhi ah=== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalo"> Relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt by Σταύρος.jpg YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG </gallery> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac iyo Linkiyo== *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Portal|Somaliland}} {{commons|Zeila}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Awdal]] 99smbj12rkiewv9cn0seq4vozgqevhz 0 3267 310724 218232 2026-10-22T15:35:57Z Cigaal.7 47942 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 310724 wikitext text/x-wiki * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/majallado/munaaradda-waardiyaha-Lam3-2020-sebtembar-oktoobar/ilaahay-nebiyada-ka-baro/ Ilaahay Nebiyadiisa Baan Ka Baran Karnaa] Sheekooyinkii ugu wanaagsanaa أحسن القصص [ قصص الأنبياء ] [ اللغة الصومالية ] Qore CabdiRisaaq Maxamed Cilmi “ina Warfaa” عبد الرزاق محمد علمي ( ابن ورفا ) Weli lama daabicin kitaabkan Qof kasta ayaa xaq u leh inuu daabacdo kitaabkan oo ma dhowrsana La soo xiriirka qoraha ee ku saabsan kitaabka Haddii aad xiiseyneysid kitaabkan oo aad dooneyid inaad ogaato sidii lagu heli lahaa, iyo haddii aad ku aragtid khaladaad, Eebbe kaliya ayaa dhamaystirane ha kaa abaalmariyo. Waxaad fadlan kala soo xiriiri kartaa cinwaanka qoraha kitaabkan bariidka xaasuubkiisa "e-mailkiisa" oo ah: ina_warfaa@hotmail.com. Mahadnaq Waxaan ugu horrayntii u mahadnaqayaa Eebbe, oo igu galadaystay nimcooyin tira badan oo aanan koobi karin. Ka dibna waxaan u mahadnaqayaa dhammaan dadkii igu caawiyey talo, fikrad iyo dhiiragalin waxaan idin leeyahay جزاكم الله خيرا . Hordhaca qoraha Waxaan ku bilaabayaa magaca Eebbaha Naxariistaha guud Naxariistaha gaar. Waxaa mahad iska leh Eebbe, naxariis iyo nabadgalyadiisana korkooda ha ahaato nebi Maxamed, reerkiisa iyo intii raacdey dhamaantood. Kani waa sheekooyinkii ugu wanaagsanaa أحسن القصص ulajeedadaydu waxay tahay in aan ugu dhawaado Eebbe, aniga oo ugu qoraayo afka soomaaliga sheekooyin islaami ah, dadka jecel rabana iney u sii gudbiyaan caruurtooda. Waxaan ugu dambayntii Eebbe ka baryayaa in uu aniga “qoraaga” kitaabkan iyo intii i caawisayba uu miisaanka wanaagyadeena noogu daro maalin aysan xoolo iyo caruur waxba tarayn. Qoraha Helsinki jimce 16.12.1427 H. oo ku aaddan 5.1.2007 M. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Nebi Aadan nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Wuxuu ahaa aabihii dadka oo dhan, Eebbaa dhoobo ka abuuray una tujisiiyay malaaigtiisa, waxaan ka ahayn Sheydaan, oo diidey inuu u tukado nebi Aadan. Eebbana wuxuu ku yiri Sheydaankii maxaadan u sameyn waxaan ku faray, Sheydaankii oo islaweyni iyo xasad ka buuxo ayaa ku jawaabey: Aniga ayaa ka wanaagsan nebi Aadan, oo waxaad iga abuurtey dab, isagana waxaad ka abuurtey dhoobo. Markaas baa Eebbe ku yiri Sheydaankii waxaa tahay mid laga fogeeyay naxariisteyda. Sheydaankiina wuxuu Eebbe ka baryey inuu u kaadiyo inta laga gaarayo aakhiro, Eebbana wuu ka aqbalay. Kolkaas buu wuxuu doonay inuu aarguto, oo wuxuu yiri: Eebbow sharaftaadaan ku dhaartee dhamaantood “dadka” waan baadiyeen, waxaan ka ahayn adoomadaada daacadda kuu ah. Eebbana wuxuu ku yiri Sheydaankii: Waxaan ka buuxin naarta Jahanamo adiga iyo wixii ku raacay dhamaantood. Eebbana wuxuu baray nebi Aadan magacyada. Wuxuuna u abuuray xaaskiisii Xaawo, dejiyeyna labadoodii janada, ugana digay ineysan u dhowaan geed ku yaalay jannada, hase ahaatee sheydaankii ayaa shaki ku abuurey oo wuxuu ku yiri: Ma idin tusaa geed haddaad cuntaan aydan weligiin dhimaneyn aadna heleysaan boqortooyo aan dhamaaneyn dabadeedna wey cuneen, ka dibna Eebbaa dhulka u soo dejiyey, waxayna weydiisteen dembidhaaf wuuna ka aqbalay. Eebbana wuxuu awoodsiiyey iney ku noolaadaan dhulka. Farayna iney isaga keligiis caabudaan kuna booriyey dadka taasi, kana yeelay rasuulkii Eebbe ee loo soo direy ilmihiisii, wuxuuna ahaa nebigii ugu horeeyey. Nebi Idriis nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Idriis wuxuu ka mid yahay rususha sharafta leh ee Eebbe kitaabkiisa Qur’aanka sharafta leh noogu sheegay. Wuxuuna sidoo kale ka mid yahay rususha inaan rumeyno nala faray, oo Eebbaa noogu sheegay nebi Idriis Qur’aanka magaciisa iyo inuu ahaa nebi runlow ah. Nebi Nuux nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Nuux wuxuu ahaa dhowrsane runlow ah, oo Eebbe u soo direy dadkiisa inuu hanuuniyo, ugana digo cadaabka aakhiro isagoo leh: Tolkeeyow Eebbe caabuda mana lihidiin Eebbe isaga aan ahayn waxaan idinkaga cabsanayaa cadaab maalin weyn. Markaas bey waxay ugu jawaabeen: Runtii Nuuxow waad baadiyeysan tahay. Markaas buu wuxuu nebi Nuux ugu jawaabay: Tolkeeyow ma baadiyeysni ee hase ahaatee waxaan ahay rasuul Eebbe soo direy waxaan idin soo gaarsiinayaa risaalada Eebbehey waana idinla talin oo waxaan Eebbe ka ogahay waxaydaan ka ogeyn. Markuu nebi Nuux ogaadey iney rumeyn doonin intii horey u rumeysey mooyee. Ayuu wuxuu yiri Kii i barbaariyow dhulka ha uga tegin qof gaal ah. Oo wuxuu sii raaciyey haddaad qof gaal ah dhulka uga tegtid waxay baadiyeynayaan adoomadaada mana dhalayaan ku xun oo gaal ah mooyee. Ka dib baa Eebbe faray inuu markab sameeyo, oo uuna markabkaasi saaro lamaane kasta oo ku nool dhulka ay ka mid yihiin mu’miniintii rumeysey, hase ahaatee aysan ku jirin xaaskiisa iyo wiilkiisa oo iyagu waxay ahaayeen gaalo. Dabadeed baa waxaa yimid duufaan oo dadkii gaalada ahaa biyihii ku wada dhinteen. Nebi Huud nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Huud wuxuu ka dhashay qabiil la yiraahdo Caad oo loo soo direy. Reer caad waxay ahaayeen dadka ugu dheer uguna xoog weyn xiligoodii, waxayna ku faani jireen xoogooda. Hase ahaatee waxay ahaayeen gaalo, oo waxay caabudi jireen sanamyada, weyna difaaci jireen, una dagaalami jireen sanamyadooda dartood. Nebigoodana wey beeniyeen, weyna ku jeesjeesi jireen. Waxay ahayd reer Huud maadaama ay is og yihiin iney ugu xoog weyn yihiin dadka, iney ogaadaan Eebbihii iyaga abuuray inuu iyagana ka xoog badan yahay. Nebi Huudna wuxuu ku oran jirey dadkiisa eraygii ay nebiyada oo dhan ku dhihi jireen dadkooda. Oo wuxuu ku dhihi jirey: Dadkeeyow Eebbe caabuda ma lihidiin Ilaah isaga aan ahayn ee miyeedan cabsanayn. Ka dibna Eebbe ayaa ku laayey dabeel daran gaaladii reer Huud, kuna badbaadiyey Nebi Huud iyo dadkii rumeeyay. Nebi Saalax nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Saalax wuxuu Eebbe u soo direy reer Samuud. Waxay ahaayeen dad abaaldaran, maxaa yeelay Eebbaa wuxuu siiyey xoolo fara badan, hase ahaatee Barbaariyahooda ma aysan rumeyn ee waxay caabudi jireen sanamyada ay ka dhaxleen aabayaalkoodii. Reer Samuud waxay isugu faani jireen awoodooda. Dabadeed baa Eebbe u soo direy nebi Saalax inuu ugu bishaareeyo jano hadday rumeeyaan, ugana digo naar hadday rumeyn waayaan, hase ahaatee wey beeniyeen. Waxayna ka codsadeen inuu ula yimaado calaamad ay ku gartaan inuu nebi yahay si ay u rumeeyaan, wuxuuna ula yimid nebi Saalax hal. Wuxuuna faray reer Samuud ineysan dhibin, hase ahaatee waxay ku adkeysteen islaweynidoodii oo dabadeed waxay dileen hashii. Eebbana wuxuu ku ciqaabay qeylo daran, markaas bey halkii ku dhinteen. Waxaana Eebbe halkii ku badbaadiyey nebi Saalax iyo intii rumeysey. Nebi Ibraahin nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Ibraahin wuxuu ahaa saaxiibkii Eebbe, waana mid ka mida shanta rusul ee ugu wanaagsan Eebbe agtiisa, wuxuuna ka dhigey rasuul, wuxuuna ka doortey uun badan oo Eebbe abuuray. Nebi Ibraahin waxaa loo soo direy dad caabuda xidigaha oo uu la noolaa, wuxuuna dadkiisii ugu yeeri jirey iney Eebbe keligiis caabudaan, hase ahaatee wey beeniyeen. Waxayna isku dayeen iney gubaan, Eebbe ayaana ka badbaadiyey. Eebbana wuxuu wiilashiisii Ismaaciil iyo Isxaaq ka yeelay nebiyo. Waxayna nebi Ibraahin iyo wiilkiisii nebi Ismaaciil wada dhiseen Kacbada. Nebi Luud nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Eebbe wuxuu nebi Luud u soo direy dadkiisii, si uu u hanuuniyo uguna yeero iney caabudaan Eebbe. Waxayna ahaayeen dad xun oo sameeya xumaanta, kuna xadgudba martida. Waxayna ahaayeen rag ka raadiya xumaan ragga kale, oo markuu nebi Luud ugu yeeray iney xumaanta iska daayaan, waxay isku dayeen iney saaraan isaga. Nebi Luud waxaa rumeeyay qaar ka mida reerkiisii, xaaskiisa iyadu ma rumeyn. Markuu nebi Luud ka quustey dadkiisii ayuu Eebbe wuxuu ka baryey in isaga iyo intii raacdey Eebbe badbaadiyo, laayana xumaan falayaashii. Waxaa dabadeed nebi Luud u yimid Malaaig, waxayna saareen nebi Luud iyo intii rumeysey, oo intii kale ee gaalada ahaa ku laayey dhagxaan sumadeysan. Nebi Ismaaciil nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Ismaaciil wuxuu ahaa curadkii nebi Ibraahin iyo marwo Haajar. Wuxuu uga tegey nebi Ibraahin xaaskiisii Haajar iyo ilmaheedii nebi Ismaaciil goob ku taaley Makka, Eebbe oo sidaa faray darteed, iyagoo heysta biyo yar iyo timir. Markuu ka dhamaadey wixii yaraa ee ay wateen, ayey marwo Haajar bilowdey iney warwareegato iyadoo wax la cabo ama la cuno baadi goobeyso, ilaa Eebbe uu ku toosiyo biyihii Samsamka. Waxaana u imaan jirey dad badan oo socoto ah, goobtiina waxay noqotey meel dad dego, biyihii Samsamka ee halkaasi ka dilaacay dartiis. Oo ka dib wuxuu Eebbe faray nebi Ibraahin inuu dhiso Kacbada oo waxaana la dhisey wiilkiisii nebi Ismaaciil. Ka dibna wuxuu nebi Ibraahin riyo ku arkey isagoo Eebbe farayo inuu gowraco wiilkiisii, wuxuuna u sheegay wiilkiisii nebi Ismaaciil. Wuxuuna ugu jawaabey nebi Ismaaciil: Aabaheygow samee wuxuu Eebbe ku faray waan dulqaadan hadduu Eebbe yiraahdee. Eebbana wuu ka badbaadiyey gowricii. Wuxuuna ahaa nebi Ismaaciil mid dulqaad badan, balan oofiya oo farana reerkiisa tukashada iyo wax bixinta. Wuxuuna dadka fari jirey in Eebbe keligiis la caabudo. Nebi Isxaaq nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Isxaaq wuxuu ahaa ina nebi Ibraahin iyo marwo Saara, wuxuuna dhashay walaalkiis nebi Ismaaciil ka dib, oo waxay ahaayeen [[ilmo]] aabe. Malaaigtii ayaana ugu bishaareysey nebi Ibraahin iyo marwo Saara dhalashaddiisii, markii ay u socdeen halkii ay deganaayeen dadkii nebi Luud loo soo direy, si ay u laayaan gaaladii xumaanta sameyn jirey. Eebbana wuxuu Qur’aanka noogu sheegay nebi Isxaaq inuu ahaa mid aqoon badan. Kana yeelay nebi dadka ku hanuuniya falalka wanaagsan. Nebi Isxaaqna wuxuu dhalay nebi Yacquub oo loo yaqaaney Israaiil. Nebi Yacquub nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Yacquub waa ina nebi Isxaaq ina nebi Ibraahin, waxaana la oran jirey Israaiil: Waxaana loola jeedaa: Cabdullaahi. Wuxuuna ahaa nebi loo soo direy dadkiisii oo ah mid dhowrsan. Wuxuuna la dardaarmey caruurtiisii markuu dhimanayey oo wuxuu ku yiri: Maxaad caabudeysaan markaan dhinto ka dib? Markaas ayey yiraahdeen waxaan caabudeynaa Eebbahaaga, Eebbaha aabayaalkaa Ibraahin, Ismaaciil iyo Isxaaq, Eebbe keligiis, waxaanu ahaaneynaa muslimiin. Nebi Yacquubna wuxuu dhalay nebi Yuusuf. Nebi Yuusuf nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Yuusuf waa ina nebi Yacquub ina nebi Isxaaq ina nebi Ibraahin. Aabihiisna aad buu u jeclaa, waxaana la dhalatey kow iyo toban walaalo ah. Habeen habeenada ka mida ayuu wuxuu arkey kow iyo toban xiddig, qoraxda iyo dayaxa oo u tukanayaan. Nebi Yuusufna wuxuu u sheegay aabihiis wuxuu arkey, aabihiisna wuxuu ku yiri ha u sheegin walaalahaa. Hase ahaatee Sheydaankii ayaa ku abuurey maseyr walaalihiis, oo waxay isku raaceen iney ku ridaan ceel dheer guntiisa, oo waxay yiraahdeen waxaa cuntey yeey. Ka dib waxaa arkey dad reer miyi ah ceelkii ayeyna ka soo saareen, waxayna ku gateen lacag aad u yar. Waxaana ka gatey boqorkii Masar, xaaskiisii ayuuna farey iney korsadaan, hase ahaatee isagii ayey damacdey, markuu diideyna wey qiyaantey xabsi ayaana la geliyey. Ka dib baa Eebbe muujiyey inuu yahay dembilaawe, kana saarey xabsigii. Boqorkiina wuxuu madax uga dhigey arimihii dhaqaalaha, taasoo maamulkeeda si wanaagsan u hayey sanadihii abaarta. Ka dibna wuxuu u yeertay walaalihiis iyo waalidkiis, weyna u tukadeen “sharaf darteed”, halkaasna waxaa ku furantey riyadiisii. Nebi Ayuub nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Ayuub wuxuu lahaa xoolo fara badan iyo caruur badan, hase ahaatee Eebbaa imtixaaney oo wuxuu ka qaadey xoolihii iyo caruurtiiba, sidoo kale wuxuu ku ridey xanuuno fara badan oo hayey muddo badan heer ay gaartey iney dadkii ka fogaadaan, waxaan ka aheyn xaaskiisii oo iyadu wey u dulqaadatey, ilaa Eebbe caafimaadkiisii, caruurtiisii iyo xoolihiisii dib ugu soo celiyey. Kor ahaaye Eebbana wuxuu ku yiri Qur’aankiisii sharafta lahaa isagoo amaanaya addoonkiisii Ayuub: Wuxuu ahaa mid dulqaata addoon wanaagsan runtii Eebbe u soo noqda. Nebi Zul-kifli nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Zul-kifli wuxuu ka mid ahaa nebiyaalkii suubbanaa ee dulqaadan jirey. Qur’aankana wax intaas dheer ka ma uusan sheegin. Nebi Yoonis nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Yoonis wuxuu Eebbe u soo direy dadkii Niinawaa. Wuxuuna ugu yeeray iney caabudaan Eebbe keligiis, hase ahaatee wey diideen weyna isla weynaadeen markaas ayuu nebi Yoonis iskaga tegey. Wuxuuna u sheegay in la cadaabi doono muddo saddax habeen ka dib. Kolkaas ayey cabsadeen oo rumeeyeen, Eebbana ma uusan cadaabin. Wuxuuse nebi Yoonis raacay doon, markaas ayey doontii degi gaartey baddii gudaheeda, oo waxay go’aansadeen iney qori tuur sameeyaan oo qofkii ay ku soo aaddo saddax jeer qori tuurkaas lagu tuuro badda. Waxayna ku soo aaddey nebi Yoonis oo dabadeed wuxuu isku tuurey baddii, isla markiiba waxaa liqey nibiri, nibirigiina ma cunin Eebbe dartiis. Markaas buu nebi Yoonis baryey Eebbihiis inuu ka saaro gudcurka, Eebbana wuu ka aqbaley. Dadkii loogu soo direy inuu gaarsiyo risaalada: wuxuu Eebbe soo faray, waxay gaarayeen boqol kun iyo ka badan. Nebi Shuceyb nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Shuceyb wuxuu Eebbe u soo direy dadkii Madyan. Waxayna caabudi jireen geed. Markey wax miisaamayaana wey dhimi jireen. oo ma aysan siin jirin dadka waxay lahaayeen. Markaas buu nebi shuceyb wuxuu ugu yeeray iney Eebbe caabudaan, dadkana kula dhaqmaan si garsoor leh. Hase ahaatee wey diideen weyna isla weynaadeen. Waxayna ku yiraahdeen [[Nabi Shuceyb|nebi Shuceyb]] dhagax ayaannu kugu dileynaa, waannu ku fogeyn. Waxayna ka codsadeen inuu gabal cirka ah ku soo kor rido. Markaas baa waxaa lagu laayey qeylo daran. Nebiyadii loo soo direy tuulada nabadgelyo korkooda ha ahaatee Eebbe baa labo Rasuul wuxuu u soo direy tuulo, Markaas baa labadii Rasuul tuuladii rumeyn weysey. Kolkaas buu Eebbe u soo direy Rasuul saddaxaad tuuladii. Kor ahaaye Eebbe wuxuu Qur’aankiisa noogu sheegay inuu rumeeyay nin, dadkiisiina ugu yeeray iney rumeeyaan rusushaas, hase ahaatee wey dileen, oo dabadeed Eebbana geliyey janno. Nebi Muuse nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Eebbe nebi Muuse wuxuu u soo direy Fircoon iyo dadkiisii. Wuxuuna siiyey labo mucjiso oo midkood ay aheyd ushii cuneysey masaska, tan kalena waa gacantiisii oo intuu geliyo jeebkiisa uu dabadeedna ka soo saarayey iyadoo cad. Nebi Muuse wuxuu Fircoon ugu yeeray inuu Eebbe keligiis caabudo. Fircoonna wuxuu la dagaalamay nebi Muuse, oo wuxuu isugu yeeray sixiroolayaashiisii ugu waaweynaa si uu nebi Muuse u qiyaamo, hase ahaatee nebi Muuse ayaa ka adkaadey sixiroolayaashii oo Eebbe ayaa u gargaarey. Dabadeed wuxuu Eebbe faray nebi Muuse isaga iyo intii raacdey iney ka baxaan Masar. Markaas baa waxaa soo daba galay Fircoon iyo ciidankiisii. Kolkii ay u soo dhawaadeen nebi Muuse iyo asxaabtiisii baddii oo ay is yiraahdeen ciidankii Fircoon waa idin soo gaareen ayuu Eebbe faray nebi Muuse inuu ku garaaco ushiisa badda si ay u badbaadaan, halkaasna uu ku dhinto Fircoon kaas oo Eebbe dadka uga dhigey waano. Nebi Haaruun nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Haaruun wuxuu ahaa nebi Muuse walaalkiis iyo saaxiibkiis loo soo wada direy Fircoon inuu rumeeyo Eebbe, maxaa yeelay nebi Haaruun wuxuu ahaa codkar. Wuxuuna nebi Muuse madax uga dhigay walaalkiis nebi Haaruun dadkiisii, markuu aadey inuu Eebbe kula kulmo buurtii Duur korkeeda. Hase ahaatee waxaa dhacdey belaayadii Saamir, kaas oo reer Israaiil u sameeyay weyl “lo’ ka sameysan dahab si ay u caabudaan. Markaas buu nebi Haaruun ugu yeeray dadkii iney u soo noqdaan Eebbe caabudistiisa oo ay iska daayaan weyshan ay caabudayaan, hase ahaatee wey isla weynaadeen. Nebi Muuse markuu ku soo noqday dadkiisii oo uu arkey waxay caabudayaan buu wuxuu ku eedeeyay walaalkiis nebi Haaruun. Nebi Haaruunna wuxuu u sheegay walaalkiis nebi Muuse iney dili gaareen dadkii markuu isku dayey inuu ka hor tago waxay caabudayeen. Nebi Daa’uud nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Eebbe wuxuu siiyey nebi Daa’uud aqoon iyo xikmad. Wuxuuna u fududeeyay markuu leeyahay Eebbow adigaa hufan iney la qaadaan buuraha iyo shimbiraha, waxaana loo jilciyey birta. Nebi Daa’uud wuxuu ahaa addoon Eebbe caabudistiisa daacad ugu ah una mahadnaqa. Wuxuu soomi jirey maalin, maalinna wuu afuri jirey, habeenkiinna wuxuu u istaagi jirey Eebbe caabudistiisa. Eebbana wuxuu ku soo dejiyey nebi Daa’uud kitaabkii Sabuur. Wuxuuna siiyey boqortooyo weyn farayna inuu ku maamulo si garsoor leh. Nebi Saleebaan nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Saleebaan Eebbaa wuxuu siiyey aqoon iyo xikmad. Wuxuuna baray hadalka shimbiraha iyo xoolaha kale, wuxuuna u fududeeyay dabeysha iyo Jinka. Nebi Saleebaan wuxuu soo booqan jirey ciidankiisii mararka qarkood. Markaas buu wuxuu waayey shimbirkii Hudhudka ahaa maalin maalmaha ka mid ah, dabadeed baa waxaa yimid Hudhudkii markuu maqnaa in muddo ah. Wuxuuna ku yiri nebi Saleebaan waxaan ka imid Saba’, waxaana kaaga sidaa war run ah oo waxaan ku soo arkey goobtaasi naag boqorad ah oo la siiyey wax walba, waxayna caabudayeen iyada iyo dadkeedaba qoraxda. Markaas ka dib buu nebi Saleebaan wuxuu qorey warqad, wuxuuna faray Hudhudkii inuu u geeyo warqaddaasi boqoraddii Saba’. Hudhudkiina wuxuu u geeyay warqaddii Balqiisa, markii ay heshay warqaddii nebi Saleebaan uu ku lahaa ha isla key weynaanina ee ii imaada idinkoo muslimiin ah. Kolkaas ayey Balqiisa iyo madaxdeedii waaweynaa u tageen nebi Saleebaan. Ka dib markii Balqiisa ay aragtey wuxuu Eebbe siiyey nebi Saleebaan ayey muslintey iyada iyo dadkeediiba, nebi Saleebaan ayaana guursadey Balqiisa. Nebi Ilyaas nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Ilyaas Eebbe ayaa wuxuu u soo direy reer Baclabak magaalo ku taala Lubnaan. Wuxuuna ugu yeeray iney caabudaan Eebbe, ee aysan caabudin sanamka la yiraahdo Bacla. Gaaladiina wey beeniyeen nebigoodii Ilyaas, Eebbana wuxuu ugu balanqaadey iney geli doonaan cadaabta. Nebi Alyasca nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Alyasca wuxuu ka mid ahaa addoomadii wanwanaagsanaa. Waxaana lagu sheegay kitaabkii Towreed, Qur’aankana waxaa lagu sheegay labo jeer. Nebi Cuseyr nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Cuseyr wuxuu ka mid ahaa nebiyadii reer Israaiil. Eebbe ayaa wuxuu nafta ka qaadey nebi Cuseyr dabadeedna boqol sano ka dib soo nooleysiiyey. Nebi Cuseyr wuxuu dib u baray reer Israaiil diintoodii oo wuxuu baray kitaabkii Towreed kolkii ay hilmaameen ka dib. Nebi Sakariye nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Sakariye wuxuu ahaa addoon wanaagsan oo dhowrsan. Wuxuuna dadka ugu yeeri jirey diinta toosan. Wuxuuna soo korsadey Maryan “nebi Ciise hooyadiis”. Wuxuuna Eebbe ka baryey inuu siiyo ilmo wanaagsan, Eebbana wuu ka aqbalay oo wuxuu siiyey nebi Yaxye kaas oo dadka isna ugu yeeri jirey iney caabudaan Eebbe keligiis. Nebi Yaxye nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Yaxye waa ina nebi Sakariye. Wuxuuna ku dhashay ducadii uu Eebbe ka aqbalay, markuu nebi Sakariye uu Eebbe ka baryey inuu siiyo ilmo wanaagsan. Wuxuuna Eebbe ugu yeelay aabihiis calaamad dhalashaddii nebi Yaxye, in uusan nebi Sakariye la hadlin dadka saddax habeen oo toos ah. Nebi Yaxyena wuxuu ka mid ahaa nebiyaalkii suubbanaa. Wuxuuna ahaa sidoo kale baari, dhowrsan oo Eebbe ka cabsada tan iyo yaraantiisii. Nebi Ciise nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Nebi Ciise waa sidii nebi Aadan oo kale oo wuxuu Eebbe ka abuurey ciidda, wuxuuna ku yiri ahow wuuna ahaadey. Nebi Ciisena waa ina Maryan rasuulkii Eebbe, ereygiisii uu ku ridey Maryan. Waana nebigii horey u sii sheegay inuu nebi Maxamed imaan doono. Eebbana wuxuu siiyey xujooyin, wuxuuna ku xoojiyey Ruuxul-Qudsi. Nebi Ciisena waa mid ka mida shanta rusul ee ugu weyn, isaga oo aad u yar ayuu dadka la hadley, wuxuu ka sameeyay dhoobo qaab shimbir ayuu intuu afuufey dabadeed shimbir noqotey, wuxuuna daaweeyay cudurada aan laheyn daawada, wuxuuna soo nooleeyay qof dhintey, intaas oo dhan oo mucjiso ah Eebbe ayaa u fududeeyay. Wuxuuna nebi Ciise dadkiisii ugu yeeray iney Eebbe keligiis caabudaan, hase ahaatee wey diideen, weyna isla weynaadeen, weyna ka soo horjeesteen, mana rumeyn dad yar mooyee. Eebbe ayaana cirka u qaadey, wuxuuna dhulka u soo dejin doonaa markuu doono si uu dadka marqaaati uga noqdo. Luqmaan nabadgelyo korkiisa ha ahaatee Eebbe kor ahaaye wuxuu Qur’aankiisa ku yiri: Oo runtii waxaanu siinay Luqmaan xikmad. Luqmaan nasabkiisa layskuma raacsano iyo goortuu noolaa. Sidoo kale layskuma raacsano ma wuxuu ahaa nebi mise nin suubban? hase ahaatee culumada badankood waxay leeyihiin wuxuu ahaa nin suubban. Xikmaddii Eebbe uu siiyeyna waxay ahayd fahamka diinta iyo caqliga. Aasiyo Eebbe ha ka raali noqdee Boqoraddii mu’minadda ahayd Boqoraddu waxay ku kortay guri boqortooyo, waxayna ku nooleed nolosha boqorada, waxayna arki jirtey boqorka kibirkiisa iyo awoodiisa, iyo sida ay uga dambeeyaan dadka boqorka, sidaas ay tahayna iimaan ayaa qalbigeeda galay. Waxayna ka bariday Rabbigeed inuu ka badbaadiyo noloshan, wuuna ka aqbalay Rabbigeed ducadeedii, wuxuuna ugu yeelay tusaale dadkii mu’miniinta, oo wuxuu Eebbe kor ahaaye ku yiri Qur’aankiisii : ( Oo wuxuu Eebbe tusaale ugu soo qaadanayaa dadkii rumeeyey xaaskii Fircoon ”Aasiyo” mar ay tiri Rabbigeeyow iiga dhis agtaada qol jannada igana nabadgeli Fircoon iyo wuxuu sameeyo igana nabadgeli dadka gardaroolayaasha ah ). Suuradda at-taxriim: 11. Rasuulkii Eebbana n.n.k. wuxuu yiri : ( Dumarka ugu wanaagsan ee reer jannaad waa : Khaddiija ina Khuwaylid, Faadumo ina Maxamed, Maryan iyo Aasiyo ). Axmed. Iyadu waa Aasiyo ina Muzaaxim –xaaskii Fircoon – taasoo u ahayd tusaale uu waariyey Qur’aanka mu’minadda si run u rumeysay Rabbigeed, Waxay ahayd qoftii markii ay ogaatay jidka saxda ah raacday iyadoon ka cabsanayn xumaan, oo waa tii rumeysay Eebbe rumayn dhab ah. Hanjabaadii Fircoonna dheg jalaq uma aysan siin, kumana guuleysan inuu ka fogeeyo jidka toosan iyo hanuunka. Waxay ganacsi la gashay Eebbe, waa ayna ku faaidey ganacsigeedii, waxay ku gadatay magaceedii boqornimo, xoolaheedii iyo adeegayaasheedii qiimo qaali ah, oo ah qol ku yaala jannada iyo iney xaas rasuulka ugu noqoto ”aakhiro”. Waxaa lagu sheegay marwo Aasiyo Eebbe ha ka raali noqdee sheekadii nebi Muuse n.k. markuu Eebbe u waxyooday nebi Muuse hooyadiis iney ku riddo nebi Muuse sanduuqa, sanduuqaasna ay ku riddo badda, uu ku jiro nebi Muuse, hirkuna wuxuu u wadi xagga xeebta uu ku yaallo madaxtooyada Fircoon; oo dabadeed waxaa soo qaaday gabdhihii, waxayna soo geliyeen madaxtooyadii, markay aragtay xaaskii Fircoon ilmahaasi ku jira sanduuqa; ayaa Eebbe aad u jecleesiiyey. Oo Fircoon ayaa u yimid inuu dilo – siduu ku samayn jirey ilmihii kale ee ay dhaleen reer Israaiil – oo waxay ka codsatay inuusan dilin; si ay uga dhigato ilmo maadaama aysan dhalin ilmo. Sidaas ayuuna Eebbe ku badbaadiyey nebi Muuse oo uu ku noolaado gurigii Fircoon, Eebbe kor ahaaye wuxuu yiri: (Oo waxaan u waxyoonnay Hooyadii ”nebi” Muuse iney nuujiso oo haddaad u cabsato ku rid badda oo ha ka cabsan oo ha murugoon waannu kuu soo celin oo waxaannu ka yeeli mid ka mid ah rususha. Oo waxaa soo qaatay reer Fircoon si uu ugu noqdo col iyo murug runtii Fircoon iyo Haamaan iyo labadooda ciidan waxay ahaayeen dembiilayaal. Waxay tiri xaaskii Fircoon ”Aasiyo” waa inoo indho qabowsi aniga iyo adiga ha dilin waxaa laga yaabaa inuu wax na taree ama aan ka dhigano ilmo. (iyagoon dareemeyn). Alqisas 7-9. Marwo Aasiyo waxay ahayd garaadley, naxariisley, kumeyna raacin islaweynadii uu qabey ninkeeda, umana rumeyn ilaahnimadii uu sheeganayey iyo iney dhaleen ilaahyo. Markuu korey nebi Muuse oo uu weynaaday wuxuu aaday Madyan, isagoo ka baxsanaya dhibkii Fircoon iyo ciidankiisii dabadeedna wuxuu ku noqday Masar mar kale markuu Eebbe rasuulnimo u soo diray – waxay ka mid ahayd xaaskii Fircoon dadkii ugu horeeyay ee rumeeya nebi Muuse. Ugamana cabsan Fircoon ninkeedii iney rumeysay Eebbe, markaasuu isla sii weynaaday, sidee ayey xaaskiisa nolosha ay wada qeybsadaan ku rumeysay, oo isaga ay ku rumeyn weysay. Oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu cadaabo si ay uga gaalowdo, oo wuxuu faray in loo cadaabo sida ugu daran; si gaalnimadii dib ugu noqoto, hase ahaatee isma bedelin oo waxay Rabbigeed ka bariday inuu ka nabadgelyo Fircoon iyo wuxuu sameeyo. Eebbana wuu ka aqbalay ducadeedii, maxaa yeelay waxay rumeysay Rabbigeedii, waxayna u adkeysatey iimaankeedii darteed si kastoo loo cadaabo, ka dibna waxay istaahishay iney ka mid noqoto dumarkii jannada ku waarayey oo rasuulkii Eebbe run buu sheegay markuu yiri: ( Waxaa la dhamaystiray niman badan, lamana dhamaystirin dumarka waxaan ka ahayn Aasiyo xaaskii Fircoon, Maryan ina Cimraan, runtiina wanaaga Caaisho dumarka ka wanaagsan tahay waa sida Sariidka ”cunto ka kooban rooti, hilib iyo maraq” uu uga wanaagsan yahay cuntooyinka kale ). Albukhaari, Muslim, At-tirmidi iyo ina Maajah. Boqoraddii Balqiisa Eebbe ha ka raali noqdee Maalin maalmaha ka mid ah ayey ka kacday hurdadeedii goor aroor hore ah iyadoo isu diyaarineyso iney aadaan macbadka qoraxda iyada iyo dadkeedii reer Saba’ si ay u soo caabudaan qoraxda. Isla xiligaas waxaa noolaa nebi Saleebaan n.k., isaga iyo ciidankiisana waxay caabudi jireen Eebbe. Eebbana wuxuu siiyey nebi Saleebaan boqortooyo weyn. Wuxuuna sameystay nebi Saleebaan ciidan weyn oo ka kooban dadka, jinka iyo shimbiraha. Nebi Saleebaan wuxuu soo booqan jirey ciidankiisii mararka qarkood. Markaas buu wuxuu waayey shimbirkii Hudhudka ahaa maalin maalmaha ka mid ah, dabadeed baa waxaa yimid Hudhudkii markuu maqnaa in muddo ah. Wuxuuna ku yiri nebi Saleebaan waxaan ka imid Saba’, waxaana kaaga sidaa war run ah oo waxaan ku soo arkey goobtaasi naag boqorad ah oo la siiyey wax walba, waxayna caabudayeen iyada iyo dadkeedaba qoraxda. Markaas ka dib buu nebi Saleebaan wuxuu qorey warqad, wuxuuna faray Hudhudkii inuu u geeyo warqaddaasi boqoraddii Saba’. Hudhudkiina wuxuu u geeyay warqaddii Balqiisa, waxayna isugu yeertay madaxdeedii si ay ula tashato, waxayna u sheegtay iney warqad ka heshay nebi Saleebaan kuna yiri ha isla key weynaanina iina imaada idinkoo muslimiin ah. Kolkaas ayey Balqiisa iyo madaxdeedii waaweynaa u tageen nebi Saleebaan. Ka dib markii Balqiisa ay aragtey wuxuu Eebbe siiyey nebi Saleebaan ayey muslintey iyada iyo dadkeediiba, waxaana guursadey nebi Saleebaan. Marwo Maryan Eebbe ha ka raali noqdee Wuxuu Eebbe kor ahaaye Qur’aankiisa noogu sheegay iney Malaaigtii ku yiraahdeen Maryan “nebi Ciise hooyadiis” nabadgelyo korkooda ha ahaatee: (Markiina ay Malaaigtii ku yiraahdeen Maryameey Eebbe ayaa ku doortay qof suuban kaa dhigay kaana doortay dumarka adduunka oo dhan). Aali Cimraan: 42. Rasuulkii Eebbana wuxuu ka yiri: (Dumarkii adduunka ugu wanaagsanaa waxay ahaayeen: Maryan, Aasiyo, Khaddiijo iyo Faadumo). ina Xibbaan. Waxaa jiri jirey nin la yiraahdo Cimraan ina Maataan iyo marwadiisa Xanna ina Faaquud, waxayna caabudi jireen Eebbe. Maalin maalmaha ka mid ah ayaa waxay ka bariday Eebbe inuu siiyo ilmo, Eebbana wuxuu siiyey gabar, waxayna u bixisay Maryan. Muddo yar ka dib waxaa geeriyooday aabbaheed iyadoo yar. Ka dibna waxaa la wareegay barbaarinteedii nebi Zakariye. Maryan markii ay weynaatay ayaa Eebbe wuxuu u soo direy maalin ka mid ah maalmaha malag la yiraahdo Jibriil inuu u sheego iney dhali doonto Masiix “nebi Ciise” nabadgelyo korkooda ha ahaatee. Dhalinyaradii godka Eebbe ha ka raali noqdee Sheekadan waxaa lagu sheegay Qur’aanka kariimka, suuradda al-kahaf, aayadaha 9-26. Waa baa waxaa jirtey tuulo ay ku nool yihiin dad gaalo ah. Tuuladaasi boqorkeedii iyo dadkeediiba jidkii saxda ahaa way ka leexdeen. Waxayna Eebbe caabudistiisii la wadaajiyeen wax aan dhib u keeni karin waxna tari karin. Weyna iska caabudeen iyagoon u heysanin wax cad Eebbanimadooda. Sidaas ay tahayna way difaaci jireen Ilaahyadaas ay sheegayeen. Raali ugama aysan ahayn inuu qof xumaan ku sameeyo. Dhib ayey u geysan jireen qofkii aan rumeyn, oo aan caabudin. Bulshadaasi xun, waxaa ka soo baxay koox dhalinyaro ah oo garaad leh. Koox yar oo ka shaqeysiisey garaadkoodii, oo diidey iney u tukadaan waxaan ahayn Abuurahoodii, Eebbaha ay ku jiraan gacantiisa wax waliba. Waxay ahaayeen dhalinyaro rumeeyay Eebbe, hanuunkiina u kordhiyey, uuna ku hagay jidkii hanuunka. Ma aysan ahayn dhalinyaradaasi nebiyo iyo rasuul toona. Waajibna kuma ahayn sida rasuulada oo kale iney ugu yeeraan dadkooda risaalada. Ee waxay ahaayeen koox iimaan wanaagsan leh, uma aysan ogolaanin dadkoodii iney Eebbe caabudista wax la wadaajiyaan, waxayna dadkii ku yiraahdeen ma u heysaan caddeyn inuu jiro ilaahyo aan ahayn Eebbe. Ka dibna waxay go’aansadeen iney ka tagaan tuuladii iyagoo aadaya meel ay ku badbaadayso diintoodii iyo naftoodii oo ay ku caabudaan Eebbe. Illeen tuuladu dadka ku nooli waxay ahaayeen dad xun oo baadi ah. Dhalinyaradii waxay go’aansadeen iney ka baxaan tuuladii, iyagoo ku socda god cidlo’ ah si ay ugu badbaadaan. Waxay ka baxeen tuuladii balaarneed iyagoo la socdo eygoodii kuna socda god ciriiri ah. Waxay uga soo tageen guryahoodii raaxada badnaa, iney degaan god cidlo’ ah. Waxay ka soo tageen qololkoodii, sariirahoodii, oo ay doorteen god ciriiri ah oo mugdi ah. Taasi wax cusub ku noqon meyso qofka qalbigiisu iimaan ka buuxo. Qofka mu’minka ahi lama degaanka wuxuu u arkaa beer hadduu dareensan yahay inuu Eebbe la jiro. Wuxuuna u arkaa godka madaxtooyo, hadduu u doorto godkaasi Eebbe dartiis. Dhalinyaradaasi ugama aysan soo tegin tuuladoodii adduun raadis iyo xoolo, ee waxay uga soo tageen iyagoo doonaya Eebbe raalli ahaanshihiisa. Goob kasta oo ay ku caabudi karaan Eebbe oo ayna ku helayaan raalli ahaanshihiisa way uga wanaagsan tahay tuuladii ay ka yimaadeen. Waxay dhalinyaradii seexdeen godkii, wuxuu fariistay eygoodii iriddii godka isagoo ilaalinaya. Markaasi baa waxaa dhacday mucjiso Ilaahi ah, maxaa yeelay dhalinyaradii waxay seexdeen saddax boqol iyo sagaal sanadood. Intii u dhexeysey mudadaasi, qoraxdu waxay ka soo baxeysey dhinaca midig ee godkoodii waxayna u dheceysey dhinaciisa koonfureed, mana soo gaari jirin falaaraheeda maalinta gelinkeeda hore iyo gelinkeeda dambeba. Weyna is gedgedin jireen intey hurdayeen, si aaney jirkoodu wax u gaarin. Qofkii arki lahaana wuu cabsan lahaa, maxaa yeelay wey hurdaan, hase ahaatee waa iyagii oo soojeeda marba siday dhinac isugu gedgedinayaan darteed. Saddax boqol oo sanadood ka dib, Eebbe ayaa mar kale soo saaray. Waxay ka kaceen hurdadii dheereed, hase ahaatee ma aysan ogeyn intey hurdayeen. Waxaana ka muuqatay iney muddo dheer hurdayeen. Waxay is weydiiyeen: meeqa ayaanu hurdaynay?! markaasay isu jawaabeen: waxaanu hurdeyney maalin ama maalin barkeed. Waxay la soo baxeen lacagtii ay wateen, ka dibna mid iyaga ka mid ah ayey weydiisteen inuu magaalada aado si uu ugu soo gado lacagtii cunto wanaagsan, oo dabadeed si dhuumasho leh ugu soo noqdo iyadoon qofna dareemin, maxaa yeelay waxaa laga yaabaa iney ciqaabaan ciidanka boqorka ama kuwo kale oo xumaan falayaasha tuulada ka mid ah hadday ogaadaan arintooda. Oo waxaa dhacda in la yiraahdo kala doorta haddaad rabtaan inaad noolaataan waa inaad Eebbe caabudistiisa ilaahyo kale la wadaajisaan sidii hore oo kale, haddaad diiddaana waa la idin dhagaxeen intaad ka dhimaneysaan. Ninkii mu’minkii ahaa wuxuu soo aaday tuuladii, hase yeeshee maba aha tuuladii uu yaqaanay. Tuuladii dhismayaalkeedii iyo guryaheedii wey is bedeleen, sidoo kale waxaa is bedeley cuntadii iyo lacagtii, wuxuu la fajacay sidee iskugu bedeli kartaa tuuladii maalin iyo habeen gudaheed. Dabcan dadkii tuulada degganaa iyagana waxay la yaabeen ninkii dharkiisa iyo lacagtii uu watey. Tuuladii ay ka soo tageen dhalinyaradii muddo ka dib waxaa la halaagay boqorkii xumaa, waxaana boqor u noqday nin wanaagsan. Dadkii waxay noqdeen mu’miniin, dadkiina waxay u riyaaqeen dhalinyaradii mu’miniinta ahayd. Maxaa yeelay waxay ahaayeen dhalinyaradaasi mu’miniintii ugu horeysey ee tuuladaasi, oo waxay tuuladoodii uga tageen diintoodii darteed, waana kuwan dib ugu soo noqday tuuladoodii. Ka dib markii ay u cadaatay mucjisadii dadkii tuulada deganaa dhalinyaradii dhintey ee la soo nooleeyey, oo ay ogaadeen inuu Eebbe awoodo inuu soo nooleeyo qofkii dhintey, oo ay ku arkeen indhahoodii, ayuu Eebbe naftii ka qaaday dhalinyaradii. Illeen waa inuu dhintaa qof kastaa mar uun. Tixraac qoraalo قصص الأنبياء, للإمام ابن كثير تفسير القرآن الحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات Waxaa mahad iska leh Eebbe kaa soo galaddiisu ku dhamaadaan wanaagyaalku http://www.freewebs.com/ina-warfaa/index.htm iiuk4ildh4gmrjpzkrdovj60vl1u8bl 0 6326 310719 199285 2026-10-22T14:25:52Z Isma4l 41797 Xogta 310719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = ''Jamhuuriyada Soomaliya'' ([[Somali language|Soomaali]])<br>''Repubblica Somala'' ([[Italian language|Talyaani]]) | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | iso3166code = omit | era = [[Cold War|Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]] | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic|Jamhuuriyad baarlamaan oo midaysan]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Warsame |first=Ali A. |date=July 2001 |title=How a Strong Government Backed an African Language: The Lessons of Somalia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3445349 |journal=International Review of Education |volume=47 |issue=3/4 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |pages=341 |quote=Because of controversy involving tech-nical, religious and political questions, no script for the Somali language could be agreed upon, either in the colonial era or in parliamentary years, 1960-1969. |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stebbins |first1=Richard Poate |last2=Alba |first2=Amoia |date=1970 |title=Political Handbook and Atlas of the World, 1970: Governments and Intergovernmental Organizations as of September 1, 1969, with Supplementary Data Through January 1, 1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Political_Handbook_and_Atlas_of_the_Worl.html?id=j2GQAM9_QzoC |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |page=307 |isbn=0671202111 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref> | event_start = [[Independence Day (Somalia)|Xornimadii]] iyomidowgii [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] | date_start = 1 Luulyo | event1 = [[1961 revolt in Somalia|Kacankii 1961 ee Soomaaliya]] | event2 = [[1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War|Dagaalkii Xadka Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya 1964]] | year_start = 1960 | event_end = [[1969 Somali coup d'état|Afgambigii]] | date_end = 21 Oktoobar | year_end = 1969 | p1 = Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Italy.svg | p2 = State of Somaliland{{!}}Somaliland | flag_p2 = Flag of British Somaliland (1950–1952).svg | s1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = | flag = Flag Of Somalia.svg | flag_type = | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coat_alt = | symbol = | symbol_type = | image_map = Map of Somalia (1962).png | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = Goobta Soomaaliya (1962) | image_map2 = | image_map2_alt = | image_map2_caption = | capital = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | national_motto = Soomaaliya Ha Noolaato | national_anthem = [[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Soomaali Ha Noolaato]]<br />({{Langx|en|"Long live Somalis"}})<br />{{center|[[File:Somali_National_Anthem_(1960-2000).ogg]]}} | common_languages = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | official_languages = [[Italian language|Talyaani]]<ref name="Irving -13" />{{rp|143}} • [[English language|Ingiriis]]<br /><ref name="Irving -13">{{Cite book |first1=Irving |last1=Kaplan |first2=Ezel |last2=Shaw |date=1969 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|volume=I}}</ref>{{rp|136}} | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | currency = [[East African shilling|Shilin Bariga Afrika]]<br />{{small|(1960–1962)}}<br />[[Somalo]]<br />{{small|(1960–1962)}}<br />[[Somali shilling|Shilin Soomaali]]<br />{{small|(1962–1969)}} | leader1 = [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan Daar]] | leader2 = [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] | year_leader3 = 1969 | leader3 = [[Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein|Mukhtaar Maxamed Xuseen]] (sii-hayaha xilka) | year_leader1 = 1960–1967 | year_leader2 = 1967–1969 | title_leader = [[President of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] | representative1 = [[Abdullahi Issa Mohamud|Cabdullahi Ciise Maxamuud]] | representative2 = [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] | representative3 = [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] | year_representative1 = 1960 | year_representative2 = 1960 | year_representative3 = 1960–1964 | year_representative4 = 1964–1967 | representative4 = [[Abdirizak Haji Hussein|Cabdiraasiq Xaaji Xuseen]] | title_representative = [[List of prime ministers of Somalia|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | deputy1 = | deputy2 = | deputy3 = | deputy4 = | year_deputy1 = | year_deputy2 = | year_deputy3 = | year_deputy4 = | year_representative5 = 1967–1969 | representative5 = Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal | title_deputy = | legislature = [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka]] | house1 = | type_house1 = | house2 = | type_house2 = | stat_year1 = 1961<ref name="WP">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rG5meGzRsd0C&pg=PA138 International Demographic Data Center (U.S.), United States Bureau of the Census (1980). World Population 1979: Recent Demographic Estimates for the Countries and Regions of the World. The Bureau. pp. 137-138.]</ref> | stat_pop1 = 2,027,300 | stat_year2 = 1969<ref name="WP" /> | stat_pop2 = 2,741,000 | today = [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]]<br>[[Somaliland]]{{efn|Somaliland ma aha mid caalami ah oo la aqoonsan yahay, Laga bilaabo 26 Disembar 2025, Israel waa dowladda keliya ee [[United Nations member state|Qaramada Midoobay]] ee aqoonsata Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland inay tahay dal madax-bannaan oo madaxbannaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 December 2025 |title=Israel becomes first country to formally recognise Somaliland as independent state |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-recognises-somaliland-somalias-breakway-region-independent-state-2025-12-26/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Dhulka Somaliland waxaa loo arkaa qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Maamulka Somaliland, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu hayaa awooda dhabta ah ee deegaanka.}} | footnotes = | demonym = Soomaali | area_km2 = 637657 | area_rank = 40th | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = }} {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} {{Taariikhda Somaliland}} '''Somali Republic''' ({{langx|so|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida}}; {{langx|it|Repubblica Somala}}; {{langx|ar|الجمهورية الصومالية aṣ-Ṣūmāl}}) waxaa lagu dhisay [[political union|midowgii]] deegaankii Talyaaniga ee [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Somaaliya Talyaaniga]] (oo hore u ahayd [[Italian Somaliland]]) iyo [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] (oo hore u ahayd [[British Somaliland]]). Dowlad waxaa dhisay [[Abdullahi Issa Mohamud|Cabdullahi Ciise Maxamuud]] iyo [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] iyo xubno kale oo ka tirsan maamulladii trusteeship-ka iyo protectorate-ka, iyadoo [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf|Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] uu yahay Guddoomiyaha [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] iyo [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan Daar]] oo ah [[List of Presidents of Somalia|Madaxweynaha]] Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida. 22 Luulyo 1960, Daar wuxuu u magacaabay [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] [[Prime Minister of Somalia|Ra'iisul Wasaare]]. 20 Luulyo 1961 iyadoo la marinayo [[Somali constitutional referendum, 1961|afti shacab]], Soomaaliya waxay ansixisay dastuuru cusub oo [[Constitution of Somalia|dastuur]] ah, kaas oo markii ugu horreysay la qoray 1960. Dastuurka cusub waxaa diiday Somaliland.<ref>''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', Greystone Press: 1967, p. 338</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poore|first=Brad|title=Somaliland: Shackled to a Failed State|journal=Stanford Journal of International Law|volume=(45) 1}}</ref><ref>Ramadane, Zakaria Ousman. “Somalia: State Failure, Poverty and Terrorism.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, vol. 6, no. 7, 2014, pp. 13–16. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26351270. Accessed 30 April 2021.</ref> Maamulku wuxuu jiray ilaa 1969, markii [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu la wareegay awoodda iyada oo aan dhiig daadan [[1969 Somali coup d'état|afgambi]] wuxuuna dalka u bixiyay [[Somali Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]. == Taariikhda == === Midowga === Baahida shacabka ayaa ku qasabtay hoggaamiyeyaasha [[Italian Somaliland|Somaaliya Talyaaniga]] iyo [[British Somaliland|Somaaliya Ingiriiska]] inay horay u sii wadaan qorshayaasha [[political union|midowga degdegga ah]].<ref name="CS">{{citation-attribution|1={{cite encyclopedia|title=Somalia: a country study|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]]|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/93016246/|last=Samatar|first=Said S.|date=1993|editor-last=Metz|editor-first=Helen Chapin|editor-link=Helen Chapin Metz |edition=4th|pages=26–30|isbn=0-8444-0775-5|oclc=27642849|entry=Historical Setting}}}}</ref> Dowladda Ingiriisku waxay aqbashay xoogga [[Somali nationalism|waddaniyadda Soomaaliyeed]] ee rayidka ah waxayna ku heshiisay inay soo afjarto xukunkeedii Somaliland Ingiriiska 1960-kii si waqtigii loogu talagalay in protectorate-ka uu ula midoobo [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] (Somaaliya Talyaaniga ee hore) taariikhda xornimada ee ay hore u cayimeen guddiga Qaramada Midoobay.<ref name="CS" /> Abriil 1960, hoggaamiyeyaasha labada dhul waxay ku kulmeen [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] waxayna ku heshiiyeen inay dhisaan [[unitary state|dowlad midaysan]].<ref name="CS" />{{efn|three of these sources additionally clarify about the internal organisation of powers within Somalia at the time.<ref name="Unitary 1">{{cite web |title=LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND FEDERALISM IN SOMALIA: FITTING THE PIECES TOGETHER |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099031224022529372/pdf/P1719741308f0a0851875a1d476daf78217.pdf |author1=Fiona Davies |author2=Mohamud Yasin Jama |author3=Makiko Watanabe |author4=Zubair K. Bhatti |publisher=[[World Bank Group]] |format=PDF |date=June 2023 |quote=At independence in 1960, Somalia was administered as a unitary state, {{sic|comprised |hide=y|of}} three levels: the central government, the regions, and the local governments. The regional and local government administrations were appointed by the central government, but overseen by elected regional and local councils. }}</ref><ref name="Unitary 2">{{cite web |title=Federalism and Decentralization - Options for Somalia |url=https://www.somalitalk.com/2008/dec/22dec08.html |website=somalitalk.com |author=Omar Salad Elmi –Bsc (Hons) |quote=From 1960 to 1969 Somalia had applied a centralised unitary of government based on a western style liberal democracy defined in a constitution approved by a national popular referendum in 1961 which provided: a) individual and political freedoms, b) parliamentary centralised unitary state with three branches of government (legislature, executive and judiciary); c) pillar organs of state – civil service, police, and army built, at least theory, on meritocracy - competence, knowledge, and impartiality; d) free and fair general elections in which citizens elected and delegated political leaders in every four years; e) division of territory into administrative regions and districts governed by governors and district commissioners appointed by and accountable to the central government rather than the citizens in the regions and districts; and f) municipal city mayors and councils elected for a term of three years who ran the municipal duties and functions in cities such as – petty tax collections from the open markets, slaughter-houses, licence fee of shops and restaurants, family and population registration, house door numbers, etc. to pay municipal staffs and city public services like cleaning and hygiene, etc. This system also allowed a sort of free market economy. }}</ref><ref name="Unitary 3">{{cite web |title=Cultural Diversity and the Somali Conflict |url=https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/cultural-diversity-and-the-somali-conflict/ |date=February 2007 |website=accord.org.za |quote=In 1960 Somalia established a unitary government with a parliament that had 123 members from all the regions of the country at the time (eight, including two regions from British Somaliland). }}</ref>}} [[List of Presidents of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] la doortay ayaa ahaa madaxa dowladda.<ref name="CS" /> Awoodaha fulinta oo buuxa waxaa yeelan lahaa [[Prime Minister of Somalia|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] mas'uul ka ah [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka]] ee la doortay oo ka kooban 123 xubnood oo matalaya labada dhul.<ref name="CS" /> Sidaas darteed, Somaliland Ingiriiska waxay ku midoobtay sidii loogu talagalay Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida. 26 Juun 1960, Somaliland Ingiriiska waxay ka qaadatay xornimada [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]] iyada oo ah [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]]. 1 Luulyo 1960, Maamulka Somaliland wuxuu la midoobay Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya, wuxuuna dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida. Baarlamaanku wuxuu magacaabay guddoomiyihii sharciga midowga [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yousuf|Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Isla maalintaas [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan Daar]] wuxuu noqday Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida; Daar dhankiisa 22 Luulyo 1960 wuxuu u magacaabay [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu horreeya.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} Sharmaarke wuxuu dhisay dowlad isbahaysi ah oo ay hoggaaminaysay [[Somali Youth League|Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]] balse ay taageerayeen labada xisbi ee ku saleysan qabiilka ee waqooyiga, Somali National League (SNL) iyo United Somali Party (USP).<ref name="CS" /> Magacaabista Osman ee madaxweynaha waxaa lagu ansixiyay hal sano ka dib [[Somali constitutional referendum, 1961|afti qaran]].<ref name="CS" /> Intii lagu guda jiray sagaalkii sano ee dimuqraadiyadda baarlamaanka ee ka dambeysay xornimada Soomaaliya, [[freedom of expression|xorriyadda hadalka]] waxaa loo arkayay mid ka timid xaqda dhaqameed ee qof kasta in la maqlo.<ref name="CS" /> Qaranimada uu sheeganayay [[Somali people|Soomaalidu]] waxay ahayd mid ku saabsan [[Egalitarianism|siyaasadda]] iyo [[Equality before the law|aysho sharci ah]] taas oo qiyamka taariikhiga ah ee Soomaaliya iyo dhaqamada reer Galbeedka ee la helay ay u muuqdeen kuwo is waafaqaya.<ref name="CS" /> Siyaasadda waxaa loo arkayay meel aan ku koobnayn hal xirfad, [[Somali clans|qabiil]], ama fasal, balse u furan dhammaan ragga xubnaha ka ah bulshada.<ref name="CS" /> Doorka haweenka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan. Haweenku waxay ka codeeyeen Somaaliya Talyaaniga tan iyo doorashadii degmada ee 1958.<ref name="CS" /> Codbixinta ayaa dambe ku faaftay Somaliland Ingiriiska hore bishii Maajo 1963, markii golaha deegaanka uu u codeeyay margin ah 52 ilaa 42.<ref name="CS" /> Siyaasaddu waxay ahayd madadaalo qaran, iyadoo shacabku ay la socdeen horumarka siyaasadeed iyagoo adeegsanaya [[radio|raadiyaha]].<ref name="CS" /> Ka-qaybgalka siyaasadeed wuxuu inta badan ka badnaaday kan [[Western democracy|dimuqraadiyadda reer Galbeedka]] badan.<ref name="CS" /> === Bilowgii hore ee midowga === In kasta oo ay u midoobeen hal dal xornimada, haddana koonfurta iyo waqooyiga waxay ahaayeen, dhanka nidaamka, laba dal oo kala duwan.<ref name="CS" /> [[Italy|Talyaaniga]] iyo [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]] waxay labadaas uga tageen maamul, sharci, iyo nidaam waxbarasho oo kala duwan oo arrimaha lagu maamulayay si waafaqsan habab kala duwan iyo luqado kala duwan.<ref name="CS" /> [[Janina Dill]], oo markaas ahayd ku-xigeenka borofisar ee Siyaasadda Dibedda ee Mareykanka ee [[Oxford University|Jaamacadda Oxford]], ayaa tiri:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ridout|first=Timothy A.|date=18 April 2011|title=Building Peace and the State in Somalia: The case of Somaliland|url=https://dl.tufts.edu/downloads/gf06gd99r?filename=vh53x6673.pdf|journal=The Fletcher School|pages=10|quote=}}</ref> {{Blockquote|text="Halka xukunka Ingiriisku ee waqooyiga uu u oggolaaday ilaalinta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqanka ee is-maamulka, gumeysigii Talyaaniga ee koonfureed wuxuu keenay burburinta qaababka dhaqanka ee ururinta siyaasadeed iyo maamulka gumeysiga ee dhexeeyay"|author=Timothy A. Ridout|source=Building Peace and the State in Somalia: The case of Somaliland, p. 10}} Booliska, canshuuraha, iyo heerarka sarrifka ee lacagaha ay kala lahaayeen sidoo kale way kala duwanaayeen.<ref name="CS" /> Sare-u-qaadistooda aqoonyahannada waxay lahaayeen dano kala duwan, oo xiriirka dhaqaale ee labada gobol u dhexeeyay wuxuu ahaa mid aan jirin.<ref name="CS" /> 1960-kii [[United Nations|Qaramada Midoobay]] waxay dhistay Guddiga Wadatashiga ee Isdhexgalka, oo ah guddi caalami ah oo uu hoggaaminayay sarkaal ka tirsan QM Paolo Contini, si uu u hago isku-darka tartiib tartiib ah ee nidaamyada sharci iyo hay'adaha dalka cusub iyo in la heshiisiiyo kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya.<ref name="CS" /> (1964 Guddiga Wadatashiga ee Sharci-dejinta ayaa beddelay hay'adan.<ref name="CS" /> Oo ka kooban Soomaali, waxay qaadatay shaqadii beddeshay iyadoo hoos imaanaysa guddoomiyaha Mariano.<ref name="CS" />) Balse dadka koonfureed badankood waxay rumeysnaayeen in, sababtoo ah khibradda laga helay xannaanada Talyaaniga, iyaguna ay ahaayeen gobolka ugu diyaarsan labada gobol ee [[self-government|is-maamul]].<ref name="CS" /> Madaxda siyaasadda, maamulka, iyo ganacsiga ee waqooyiga waxay ka labalabeeyeen inay aqoonsadaan inay hadda la macaamilayaan Muqdisho.<ref name="CS" /> Xornimada, gobolka waqooyi wuxuu lahaa laba xisbi siyaasadeed oo shaqeynaya: SNL, oo matalaya beesha [[Isaaq]] oo ahayd inta badan tirada halkaas; iyo USP, oo ay taageerayaan inta badan [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] iyo [[Daarood]].<ref name="CS" /> Soomaaliya oo midowday, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Isaaq waxay ahaayeen tiro yar, halka Daaroodka waqooyiga ay ku biireen xubnaha beeshooda ee koonfureed ee SYL.<ref name="CS" /> Dir, oo leh ehello yar oo koonfureed, waxaa dhinac looga jiiday xiriirka dhaqameed ee [[Hawiye]] iyo dhinaca kalena dareenka gobolka ee la wadaago ee Isaaq.<ref name="CS" /> Xisbiga mucaaradka ee koonfureed, [[Greater SomaliaLeague|Leegada Weyn ee Soomaaliyeed]] (GSL), oo ahayd mid Carab-taageersan oo dagaal-jirtey [[Pan-Somalism|pan-Somalist]], waxay soo jiidatay taageerada SNL iyo USP ka dhanka ah SYL, oo qaadatay mowqif dhexdhexaad ah kahor xornimada.<ref name="CS" /> Shaki ku saabsan in si adag loola xirto koonfurta waxaa lagu muujiyay qaabka codbixinta ee [[Somali constitutional referendum, 1961|aftidii dastuurka ee Juun 1961]], taas oo run ahaantii ahayd doorashadii ugu horreysay ee qaran ee Soomaaliya.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo qabyo-qoraalka si weyn loogu ansixiyay koonfurta, haddana waxaa taageeray in ka yar 50 boqolkiiba dadka codbixiyaasha waqooyiga.<ref name="CS" /> Qanacsanaan la'aanta qaybinta awoodda ee u dhaxeysa qoysas-beeleedka ayaa ka qarxay Diseembar 1961, markii koox ka tirsan saraakiisha ciidanka yar ee waqooyiga ee tababarka Ingiriiska qabay ay [[1961 revolt in Somalia|kacdoon]] sameeyeen iyagoo ka falcelinaya ballankii loo qaaday saraakiisha koonfureed ee darajada sare leh (oo ay tababareen Talyaanigu hawlaha booliska) si ay u taliyaan unugyadooda.<ref name="CS" /> Hogaamiyayaashu waxay ku boorriyeen in waqooyiga iyo koonfurta la kala saaro.<ref name="CS" /> Saraakiisha aan darajada saraakiisha ahayn ee waqooyiga ayaa xiray fallaagadii.<ref name="CS" /> Horraantii 1962, hoggaamiyaha GSL Haaji Mahammad Husseen, oo qayb ka raadinayay inuu ka faa'iidaysto qanacsanaan la'aanta waqooyiga, wuxuu isku dayay inuu dhiso xisbi isku dhafan, oo loo yaqaano Ururka Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDU).<ref name="CS" /> Wuxuu diiwaangeliyay xubno waqooyi ah, qaar ka mid ahna aysan ku qanacsanayn wakiillada SNL ee waqooyiga ee dowladda isbahaysiga ah.<ref name="CS" /> Isku daygii Xuseen wuu fashilmay.<ref name="CS" /> May 1963, Jimale iyo hoggaamiyaha SNL [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] oo ay la socdaan 20 xubnood oo kale oo ka tirsan Golaha Qaranka waxay dhiseen Kongareiska Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNC) si ay u diidmaan SYL ee talada haysay. Sidaas darteed, dhammaadkii 1963, gaar ahaanshaha Isaaq waxay u muuqatay mid si isa soo taraysa u heleysa marin ka bax ah SNC, ujeedooyinkeeduna waxay ahaayeen kuwo ka yar qaybinta Jamhuuriyadda marka loo eego burburinta dowladda SYL.<ref name="Cite book|title=A Modern History of the Somali|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|publisher=Avalon Publishing|year=1988|pages=177}}</ref> Tallaabadani waxay dalka siisay saddex xisbi siyaasadeed oo qaran oo dhab ah waxayna sii adeegsatay in lagu daboosho kala duwanaanshaha waqo iyo koonfur.<ref name="CS" /> === Soomaaliya Weyn === Arrimaha siyaasadeed ee ugu muhiimsan ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya ee ka dambeysay xornimada waxay ahayd midoobidda dhammaan meelaha ay dhaqan ahaan deggan yihiin [[Somali people|Soomaalida qowmiyadda ah]] hal dal — oo ah fikrad lagu aqoonsaday [[Greater Somalia|Soomaaliya Weyn]] (''Soomaaliweyn'') (sidoo kale fiiri [[Somali nationalism]]).<ref name="CS" /> Siyaasiyiintu waxay u qaateen in arrimahani ay maamulaan ra'yiga shacabka iyo in dowlad kasta ay dhici doonto haddii aysan muujin mowqif dagaal oo ka dhan ah dalalka deriska ah ee degan dhulka Soomaaliya.<ref name="CS" /> [[File:Somali map.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Xadka qiyaasta ah ee [[Greater Somalia|Soomaaliya Weyn]].]] Mashquulka Soomaaliya Weyn wuxuu qaabeeyey dabeecadda hay'adaha cusub ee dalka waxaana loo horseeday dhismaha [[Somali Armed Forces|ciidanka Soomaaliya]] iyo, ugu dambeyn, dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo dagaalka ka dhacay [[Northern Frontier district|Degmada Xadka Waqooyi]] ee Kenya.<ref name="CS" /> Sharciga, cabbirka saxda ah ee Golaha Qaranka lama aasaasin si loo fududeeyo ku darista wakiillada meelaha la isku haysto ka dib midowga.<ref name="CS" /> [[Flag of Somalia|Calanka qaranka]] wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay xiddig shan geesood ah, oo geesahooda ay mataleen meelaha la sheegtay inay qayb ka yihiin qaranka Soomaaliyeed: Somaaliya Talyaaniga iyo Somaaliya Ingiriiska ee hore, [[Ogaden|Ogaadeenya]], [[French Somaliland|Somaaliya Faransiiska]], iyo [[North Eastern Province (Kenya)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Beri]].<ref name="CS" /> Intaa waxaa dheer, hordhaca [[Constitution of Somalia|dastuurka]] ee la ansixiyay 1961 wuxuu ka mid ahaa bayaanka, "Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida waxay kor u qaadaysaa si sharci ah oo nabad ah, midowga dhulka."<ref name="CS" /> Dastuurka wuxuu sidoo kale bixiyay in dhammaan Soomaalida qowmiyadda ah, meel kasta ha joogaane, ay ahaayeen muwaadiniin jamhuuriyadda ah.<ref name="CS" /> Soomaalidu ma aysan sheegan madax-bannaanida dhulalka ku dhow, balse waxay dalbadeen in Soomaalida ku nool halkaas la siiyo xaq ay ku [[self-determination|is-maamulaan]].<ref name="CS" /> Madaxda Soomaaliya waxay xaqiijiyeen in lagu qancin doono oo keliya marka Soomaalida ay ka baxsan yihiin jamhuuriyadda ay fursad u helaan inay iyagu go'aan ka gaaraan waxa ay noqon doonto xaaladdooda.<ref name="CS" /> 1948, cadaadis kaga yimid [[Allies of World War II|xulafadoodii Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] iyo in laga naxo Soomaalida,<ref name="CS" /> Ingiriisku wuxuu "dib u celiyey" [[Haud|Xood]] (oo ah dhul daaqsin Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo laga yaabo inuu ahaa mid lagu 'ilaaliyay' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska ee Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Ogaadeenya oo loo dhiibay Itoobiya, oo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897 kaas oo Ingiriisku ku wareejiyay dhulka Soomaaliya Boqortii Itoobiya [[Menelek II of Ethiopia|Menelik II]] beddelka caawintiisa ka dhanka ah duullaanka ay qaadeen beelaha Soomaaliyeed.<ref>Laitin, p. 73</ref> Ingiriisku wuxuu ku daray shardi ah in dadka deggan Soomaaliya ay ilaashadaan is-maamulkooda, balse Itoobiya waxay si degdeg ah u sheegatay madax-bannaanida dhulka.<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p. 106</ref> Dowladda Soomaaliya waxay diiday gaar ahaan inay aqoonsato ansaxnimada Hesshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1954 ee aqoonsanayay sheegashada Itoobiya ee Xood ama, guud ahaan, ku habboonaanta heshiisyada qeexaya xuduudaha Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya.<ref name="CS" /> Mowqifka Soomaaliya wuxuu ku saleysnaa saddex dhibcood: marka koowaad, in heshiisyadu ay iska indhatireen heshiisyada lala galay jilayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee geliyay xannaanada Ingiriiska; marka labaad, in Soomaalida aan lagala tashan shuruudaha heshiisyada oo dhab ahaantii aan lagu wargelin jiritaankooda; iyo marka saddexaad, in heshiisyadaas ay ku xadgudbeen mabda'a is-maamulka.<ref name="CS" /> Tani waxay dhalisay dadaal guul darreystay oo ay Ingiriisku sameeyeen 1956 si ay dib ugu iibsadaan dhulkii Soomaalida ee ay dhiibeen.<ref name="Zolberg" /> Cadowgii wuu kordhay si joogto ah, ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu keenay ficillo yar yar oo u dhexeeya [[Somali Armed Forces|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] iyo [[Ethiopian National Defense Force|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Itoobiya]] ee xadka ku yaal.<ref name="CS" /> Febraayo 1964, dagaal hubaysan ayaa ka qarxay xadka Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya, [[Imperial Ethiopian Air Force|dayucdii Itoobiya]] waxayna duqeeyeen bartilmaameedyo Soomaaliya ku yaal.<ref name="CS" /> Isku dhaca wuxuu ku dhammaaday Abriil iyada oo dhexdhexaadin ay samaysay [[Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)|Suudaan]], oo ka hoos shaqaynaysay dalladda [[Organization of African Unity|Ururka Midowga Afrika]] (OAU).<ref name="CS" /> Shuruudaha xabad-joojinta, waxaa la dhisay guddi wadajir ah si loo baaro sababaha dhalinaya dhacdooyinka xadka, waxaana la dhisay dhul ka caagan militariga oo ah toban ilaa shan iyo toban kiiloomitir dhinac kasta oo xadka ah.<ref name="CS" /> Ugu yaraan si ku-meel-gaar ah, isku dhacyo kale oo millatari ayaa la hor istaagay.<ref name="CS" /> [[French Somaliland overseas territory referendum, 1958|Afti]] ayaa ka dhacday [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] ee deriska ahayd (oo markaas loogu yeeri jiray [[French Somaliland|Somaaliya Faransiiska]]) 1958, habenkii ka horreysay xornimada Soomaaliya 1960, si loo go'aamiyo in la ku biiro Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida ama in lala sii joogo Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo jeesatay dhanka sii wadida xiriirka Faransiiska, inta badan waxaa sabab u ahaa codka haa ee la isku daray ee qowmiyadda [[Afar people|Afar]] ee tiro badan iyo Yurubiyiinta deggan.<ref name="Barrington2006" /> Sidoo kale waxaa jiray [[vote rigging|kharibaad codbixinta oo baahsan]], iyadoo Faransiisku uu ceyriyay kumanaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aysan aftidu gaarin codbixinta.<ref name="Kseoah">Kevin Shillington, ''Encyclopedia of African history'', (CRC Press: 2005), p. 360.</ref> Inta badan kuwii u codeeyay maya waxay ahaayeen Soomaali si adag ugu taageersanaa in la ku biiro Soomaaliya oo midowday, sida uu soo jeediyay [[Mahmoud Harbi]], Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Golaha Dowladda. Harbi waxaa lagu dilay shil diyaarad laba sano ka dib xaalado mugdi ku jiro.<ref name="Barrington2006">Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p. 115</ref><ref name="Tss">United States Joint Publications Research Service, ''Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa'', Issues 464-492, (1966), p.24.</ref> Wadahadaladii 1961 ee [[London]] ee ku saabsanaa mustaqbalka [[Kenya Colony|Gumeysiga Kenya]], wakiillada Soomaalida ee ka socday Degmada Xadka Waqooyi (NFD) waxay dalbadeen in Ingiriisku uu diyaariyo kala-goynta gobolka ka hor intaan la siinin Kenya xornimadooda.<ref name="CS" /> Dowladda Ingiriisku waxay magacawday guddi si ay u ogaadaan ra'yiga shacabka ee NFD ee ku saabsan arrinta.<ref name="CS" /> Aftida aan rasmi ahayn waxay muujisay rabitaanka xooggan ee dadka deegaanka, oo inta badan ka koobnaa Soomaali iyo [[Oromo people|Oromo]], inay ku biiraan [[Somalia|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]] ee dhowaa la dhisay.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Qoraal tifaftiran oo soo baxay 1962 oo ku jira ''[[The Observer]]'', oo ah jaraa'idka Axadda ee ugu da'da weyn Ingiriiska, ayaa isla mar ahaantaana xusay in "sida ku xusan shuruud kasta, Soomaalida Kenya waxay xaq u leeyihiin inay doortaan mustaqbalkooda[...] waxay ka duwan yihiin Kenyatiga kale ma aha oo kaliya dhanka qabiilka balse ku dhawaad ​​dhinac kasta[...] waa Hamitic, waxay leeyihiin dhaqamo kale, diin kale (Islaam), waxayna degan yihiin saxara aan wax badan ku soo kordhin ama aan waxba ku soo kordhin dhaqaalaha Kenya[...] qofna ma eedeyn karo inay isku dayayaan inay la baxaan hantida qaranka".<ref name="Totbia">{{cite journal|last=The Observer|title=Time Bomb in Africa|journal=Muslimnews International|year=1962|volume=1-2|page=276|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xstEAQAAIAAJ|access-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> In kasta oo ay jirtay dhaqdhaqaaq diblomaasiyadeed oo Soomaaliyeed, haddana dowladda gumeysiga ee Kenya wax tallaabo ah kama qaadin natiijada guddiga.<ref name="CS" /> Saraakiisha Ingiriisku waxay rumeysnaayeen in qaabka federaalka ee markaas lagu soo jeediyay [[Constitution of Kenya|dastuurka Kenya]] uu bixin lahaa xal iyada oo loo marayo heerka is-maamul ee uu u oggolaaday gobolka inta badan Soomaalida ah ee ku dhex jira nidaamka federaalka.<ref name="CS" /> Xalkan ma uusan yarayn dalabyada Soomaalida ee midoobidda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaana cabbirkii federaalka uu baaba'ay ka dib markii dowladdii ka dambeysay xornimada Kenya ay doorbiday dastuur dhexe 1964.<ref name="CS" /> Waxaa hoggaaminayay Xisbiga Horumarinta Shacabka Gobolka Waqooyi (NPPPP), Soomaalida ku nool NFD waxay si adag u raadsadeen midowga ehelladooda ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida ee waqooyiga.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Markii ay jawaabtay, dowladda cusub ee Kenya waxay dejisay tiro tallaabooyin cadaadis ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu fashiliyo dadaalkooda. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa dhaqanka ah in si khaldan loogu magacaabo sheegashada qowmiyadeed ee fallaagada Soomaaliya inay tahay waxqabad [[shifta]] ("tuug"), xiritaanka NFD oo ah dhul "la qorsheeyay", lunsashada ama gowraca xoolaha Soomaalida, maalgelinta ololeyaasha sifeynta qowmiyadeed ee ka dhanka ah dadka deggan gobolka, iyo dhismaha "tuulooyin la ilaaliyo" oo waaweyn ama [[concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada]].<ref name="Howard">[[Rhoda E. Howard]], ''Human Rights in Commonwealth Africa'', (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: 1986), p.95</ref> Siyaasadahani waxay ku dhammaadeen [[Shifta War|Dagaalkii Shifta]] ee u dhexeeyay fallaagada Soomaalida iyo [[Kenya Police|booliska]] iyo [[Kenya Defence Forces|ciidanka]] Kenya.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} Raadiyaha Codka Soomaaliya ayaa la sheegay inuu saameeyay heerka dhaqdhaqaaqa guutada adoo adeegsanaya baahinta uu ku soo hagaajiyay NFD.<ref name="CS" /> Sidoo kale Kenya waxay ku eedeysay dowladda Soomaaliya inay tababarayso fallaagada gudaha Soomaaliya, ay ku qalabeysay hub Soofiyeeti ah, isla markaana ay ka maamulaysay Muqdisho. Waxay markii dambe saxiixday heshiis difaac wadajir ah oo lala galay Itoobiya 1964, in kasta oo heshiisku uusan wax saameyn ah lahayn maaddaama socodka xadka ee [[materiel|qalabka]] Soomaaliya laga geeyo guutada uu sii socday.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/WTL.htm "The Somali Dispute: Kenya Beware"] by Maj. Tom Wanambisi for the [[Marine Corps Command and Staff College]], 6 April 1984 (hosted by globalsecurity.org)</ref> Oktoobar 1967, dowladda Soomaaliya iyo maamulka Kenya waxay saxiixeen [[Memorandum of Understanding|Hesshiis Faham]] (Heshiiskii Arusha) kaas oo keenay xabad-joojin rasmi ah, in kasta oo nabadgelyada gobolku aysan jirin ilaa 1969.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Hogg | first1 = Richard | year = 1986 | title = The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya | jstor = 1160687 | journal = Africa: Journal of the International African Institute | volume = 56 | issue = 3 | pages = 319–333 | doi = 10.2307/1160687 | s2cid = 146312775}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Howell | first1 = John |date=May 1968 | title = An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy | jstor = 158675 | journal = The Journal of Modern African Studies | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–48 | doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657| s2cid = 154605094}}</ref> === Maamulkii Xuseen === Doorashooyinka degmooyinka dalka oo dhan, oo ay [[Somali Youth League|Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] ay ku guuleysatay 74 boqolkiiba kuraasta, ayaa dhacay Noofembar 1963.<ref name="CS" /> Kuwaas waxaa ku xigay Maarso 1964 [[Somali parliamentary election, 1964|doorashadii ugu horreysay ee qaran ee dalka ka dambeysa xornimada]].<ref name="CS" /> Mar nữa SYL waxay guuleysatay, iyadoo ku guuleysatay 69 ka mid ah 123 kursi oo baarlamaan ah.<ref name="CS" /> Guusha dhabta ah ee xisbigu xitaa way ka weyneyd, maadaama konton iyo afar kursi oo ay ku guuleysteen mucaaradku loo qeybiyay tiro ka mid ah xisbiyo yaryar.<ref name="CS" /> Ka dib doorashadii Golaha Qaranka ee Maarso, waxaa dhacay dhibaato ka tagtay Soomaaliya oo aan lahayn dowlad ilaa bilowgii Sebtembar.<ref name="CS" /> Madaxweyne [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar|Osman]], oo loo awood-siiyay inuu soo jeediyo murashaxa ra'iisul wasaaraha ka dib doorasho ama dhicitaanka dowladda, wuxuu doortay [[Abdirizak Haji Hussein|Cabdiraasiq Xaaji Xuseen]] inuu noqdo magacaabihiisa halkii uu ka noqon lahaa ra'iisul wasaaraha xilka hayay, [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]], oo haystay taageerada hoggaanka xisbiga SYL.<ref name="CS" /> Sharmaarke wuxuu ahaa ra'iisul wasaare afartii sano ee hore, Osman эй wuxuu go'aansaday in hoggaan cusub laga yaabo inuu soo bandhigo fikrado cusub oo lagu xallinayo dhibaatooyinka qaranka.<ref name="CS" /> Markii uu soo saaray Golaha Wasiirrada oo loo soo bandhigay Golaha Qaranka, murashaxa ra'iisul wasaaraha wuxuu doortay murashaxiinta iyadoo saldhig looga dhigay awooda balse aan loo eegin halka ay ka soo jeedaan.<ref name="CS" /> Balse doorashada Xuseen waxay dhibtay xiriirka gudaha xisbiga waxayna jebisay sharciyada aan qornayn ee ah inuu jiro [[Somali clans|qabiil]] iyo isu-dheellitirka gobolka.<ref name="CS" /> Tusaale ahaan, laba xubnood oo keliya oo ka tirsan golaha wasiirrada ee Sharmaarke ayaa la hayn lahaa, tirada jagooyinka gacanta ku haya waqooyiga waxaa la kordhin lahaa laba ilaa shan.<ref name="CS" /> Guddiga Dhexe ee maamulka SYL iyo kooxahooda baarlamaanka waxay noqdeen kuwo kala jabay.<ref name="CS" /> Xuseen wuxuu xubin ka ahaa xisbiga ilaa 1944 wuxuuna ka qayb qaatay labadii golaha wasiirrada ee hore ee Sharmaarke.<ref name="CS" /> Racfaankiisa ugu horreeyaa wuxuu ahaa xubnaha xisbiga ee da'da yar oo aqoonta leh.<ref name="CS" /> Tiro ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadda ee laga tagay golaha wasiirrada waxay ku biireen taageerayaasha Sharmaarke si ay u dhisaan koox mucaarad ah oo ku dhex jirta xisbiga.<ref name="CS" /> Natiijo ahaan, garabka Xuseen wuxuu raadiyay taageerada xubnaha aan SYL ahayn ee Golaha Qaranka.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo khilaafaadku ay inta badan ku lug lahaayeen hamiga siyaasadeed ee shakhsi ahaaneed ama kooxeed, haddana doodda horseeday codka kalsoonida ee bilowga ah waxay ku saleysneyd arrinta [[Greater Somalia|Soomaaliya Weyn]]. Labada Osman iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha la doortay Xuseen waxay rabeen inay mudnaan siiyaan dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dalka gudahiisa.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo Xuseen uu taageeray pan-Somalism-ka dagaalka, haddana waxaa la tusay inuu diyaar u yahay inuu aqoonsado madaxbannaanida sii socota ee Itoobiya iyo Kenya ee ka timid dhulka Soomaaliya.<ref name="CS" /> Golaha wasiirrada ee la soo jeediyay wuxuu ku guuldarraystay inuu ansixiyo marin laba cod ah.<ref name="CS" /> Toddobo xubnood oo Golaha Qaranka ah, oo uu ku jiro Sharmaarke, way ka aamuseen, halka afartan iyo siddeed xubnood oo ka tirsan SYL ay u codeeyeen Xuseen saddex iyo soddomeeyana ay diideen.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo ay muuqatay in SYL ay kala jabtay, haddana waxay sii waday inay soo jiidato shaqaale ka yimid xisbiyada kale. Saddexdii bilood ee ugu horreeyay ka dib doorashada, toddobo xubnood oo ka tirsan mucaaradka baarlamaanka ayaa iska casilay xisbiyadoodii si ay ugu biiraan SYL.<ref name="CS" /> Osman wuxuu iska indhatiray natiijada codbixinta oo mar kale u magacaabay Xuseen ra'iisul wasaare. Ka dib wadaxaajoodka gudaha xisbiga, oo ay ku jirtay dib-u-soo-celinta afar sarkaal oo xisbi ah oo laga saaray u codeynta ka dhanka ah isaga, Xuseen wuxuu u soo bandhigay liiska golaha wasiirrada labaad Golaha Qaranka oo ay ku jireen dhammaan murashaxiintiisii ​​hore marka laga reebo hal.<ref name="CS" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, golaha wasiirrada cusub ee la soo jeediyay wuxuu lahaa saddex jago oo wasiir oo dheeraad ah oo ay buuxiyeen rag la doortay si ay u dejiyaan garabyada mucaaradka.<ref name="CS" /> Golaha wasiirrada cusub waxaa la ansixiyay iyadoo ay taageerayaan dhammaan xubnaha Golaha Qaranka ee SYL marka laga reebo tiro yar.<ref name="CS" /> Xuseen wuxuu xilka hayay ilaa doorashadii madaxweynaha ee Juun 1967.<ref name="CS" /> Doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 1967, oo ay fulisay codayn qarsoodi ah oo ay sameeyeen xubnaha Golaha Qaranka, waxay iska horkeenaysaa ra'iisul wasaarihii hore Sharmaarke iyo Osman.<ref name="CS" /> Mar nữa arrinta ugu weyn waxay ahayd dhexdhexaadnimada iyo dagaal-gelinta arrinta pan-Somali.<ref name="CS" /> Osman, iyada oo loo marayo Xuseen, wuxuu xoojiyay mudnaanta horumarinta gudaha.<ref name="CS" /> Sharmaarke, oo u adeegay ra'iisul wasaare markii pan-Somalism uu marayay heerkiisa ugu sarreeya, waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha jamhuuriyadda.<ref name="CS" /> === Maamulkii Cigaal === [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|Waddo ku taal bartamaha magaalada [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] 1963.]] Madaxweynaha cusub wuxuu u magacaabay ra'iisul wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo kordhiyay xubinnimada golaha wasiirrada laga bilaabo saddex iyo toban ilaa shan iyo toban xubnood oo ay ku jireen wakiillada qoys-beeleed kasta oo waaweyn, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah xubnaha xisbiga tartamaya ee Kongareiska Qaranka Soomaaliyeed.<ref name="CS" /> Ogos 1967, Golaha Qaranka waxay xaqiijiyeen magacaabistiisa iyada oo aan jirin mucaarad culus.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo ra'iisul wasaaraha cusub uu taageeray Sharmaarke doorashadii madaxweynaha, haddana wuxuu ahaa qof waqooyi ah wuxuuna hoggaamiyay dhowaan 1962 xubnihii baarlamaanka SNL ee waqooyiga ee dowladda ka tago.<ref name="CS" /> Wuxuu sidoo kale si dhow ugu lug lahaa aasaasida SNC laakiin, iyadoo ay la socdaan xubno kale oo badan oo waqooyi ah oo ka tirsan kooxdaas, wuxuu dib ugu biiray SYL ka dib doorashadii 1964.<ref name="CS" /> Kala duwanaansho ka muhiimsan oo u dhexeeya Sharmaarke iyo Cigaal, marka laga reebo xiriirkoodii hore, wuxuu ahaa mowqifka dhexdhexaadka ah ee ra'iisul wasaaraha cusub ee arrimaha pan-Somali iyo rabitaankiisa ah in la hagaajiyo xiriirka dalalka kale ee Afrika.<ref name="CS" /> Meelahan, waxaa lala xiriiriyay "casriyeyaasha" dowladda, baarlamaanka, iyo maamulka ee doorbidayay in tamarta dalka laga weeciyo isku dhaca deriskooda ilaa la dagaalanka dhibaatooyinka bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha.<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo siyaasadihiisa gudaha badankood ay u muuqdeen kuwo la jaanqaadaya kuwa maamulkii hore, Cigaal wuxuu sii waday inuu haysto kalsoonida labada Sharmaarke iyo Golaha Qaranka intii lagu guda jiray siddeed iyo tobankii bilood ee ka horreeyay [[Somali parliamentary election, 1969|doorashadii qaran ee Maarso 1969]].<ref name="CS" /> [[Somali parliamentary election, 1969|Doorashadii Maarso 1969]] waxay ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee lagu daro codaynta jagooyinka degmada iyo Golaha Qaranka.<ref name="CS" /> Lixdan iyo afar xisbi ayaa ku l<bos>30 doorashada.<ref name="CS" /> SYL oo keliya, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay soo bandhigtay murashaxiinta degmo kasta oo doorasho ah, kiisas badanna iyada oo aan jirin mucaarad.<ref name="CS" /> Sidoo kale siddeed xisbi oo kale waxay soo bandhigeen liisaska murashaxiinta xafiisyada qaranka degmooyinka badankood. 55-ta xisbi ee haray, labaatan iyo afar oo keliya ayaa helay matalaad baarlamaanka, balse dhammaantood si degdeg ah ayaa loo kala diray markii kontonkoodii xubnood ay ku biireen SYL.<ref name="CS" /> Labada xisbi badnaanta iyo u dhoofidda xisbiga badnaanta waxay ahaayeen kuwo caadi u ah doorashooyinka baarlamaanka Soomaaliya.<ref name="CS" /> Si loo diiwaan geliyo xafiiska doorashada, murashaxu wuxuu u baahnaa inuu helo taageerada 500 oo codbixiye ama kafaala-qaadista qabiilkiisa, oo lagu muujiyay codka kulankiisa dhaqameed.<ref name="CS" /> Ka dib diiwaangelinta, raadiyaha xafiiska wuxuu markaas isku dayay inuu noqdo murashaxa rasmiga ah ee xisbi siyaasadeed.<ref name="CS" /> Haddii uu fashilmo, wuxuu ku sii jiray codaynta isagoo ah qof shaqsi ah.<ref name="CS" /> Codayntu waxay ahayd liis xisbi, taas oo ka dhigi karta murashaxa xisbi hal qof ah.<ref name="CS" /> (Dhaqankani wuxuu sharaxayaa ma aha oo keliya faafitaanka xisbiyada yaryar balse sidoo kale dabeecadda ku-meel-gaarka ah ee taageerada xisbiga.<ref name="CS" />) Murashaxiin badan ayaa la xiriiray xisbi weyn kaliya inta ay ku filan tahay inay isticmaalaan astaanta ololaha doorashada iyo, haddii la doorto, ka tageen dhinaca guuleysta sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ee Golaha Qaranka uu u kulmay.<ref name="CS" /> Sidaas darteed, dhammaadkii May 1969 kooxda baarlamaanka SYL waxay ka korortay 73 ilaa 109.<ref name="CS" /> Intaa waxaa dheer, kow iyo tobankii xubnood ee SNC waxay dhiseen isbahaysi ay la leeyihiin SYL, oo haysatay 120 ka mid ah 123 kursi ee Golaha Qaranka.<ref name="CS" /> Qaar ka mid ah 120-kan ayaa ka tagay SYL ka dib markii qaab-dhismeedka golaha wasiirrada ee Cigaal uu noqday mid cad iyo ka dib markii la shaaciyey barnaamijkiisa, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ay ku xadgudbeen qaar ka mid ah kuwii ku biiray keliya inay noqdaan dhinaca guuleysta.<ref name="CS" /> Waxaa loo soo bandhigay liis aad u weyn oo murashaxiin ah, ku dhowaad 900,000 oo codbixiyaal ah 1969 waxay ku raaxaysteen guuldarrada kuwa xilka hayay.<ref name="CS" /> Xubnaha baarlamaanka ee xilka hayay, 77 ka mid ah 123 lama celin (oo ay ku jiraan 8 ka mid ah 18 xubnood ee golaha wasiirrada hore), balse tirooyinkani ma aysan muujin si cad qanacsanaan la'aanta dowladda.<ref name="CS" /> Tirakoob ahaan, waxay ku dhowaad la mid ahaayeen natiijadii doorashadii 1964, iyo, iyadoo la tixgelinayo faafitaanka xisbiyada iyo nidaamka matalaadda saamiga, dareenka cad ee ra'yiga shacabka lama heli karin oo keliya natiijada doorashada.<ref name="CS" /> Xaqiiqda ah in hal xisbi — SYL — ay maamusho goobta macnaheedu maaha xasilooni ama midnimo.<ref name="CS" /> [[Anthropologist|Cilmiga bulshada]] Ioan M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in dowladda SYL ay ahayd koox aad u kala duwan oo leh danaha shakhsi ahaaneed iyo kuwa abtirsiineed ee kala duwan.<ref name="CS" /> Murashaxiinta lumiyay kuraasta baarlamaanka iyo kuwa taageerayay waxay ahaayeen kuwa niyad jabay oo caraysan.<ref name="CS" /> Tirada eedeymo ah ayaa laga soo saaray [[election fraud|khiyaamada doorashada dowladda]], ugu yaraan qaar ka mid ah oo si adag loo aas-aasay. Qanacsanaan la'aanta waxaa sii xumeeyey markii [[Judiciary of Somalia|Maxkamadda Sare]], hoos imaaneysa madaxweynaha cusub ee la magacaabay, ay diiday inay aqoonsato awoodda ay u leedahay codsiyada doorashada, inkasta oo ay aqbashay awooddaas munaasabad hor leh.<ref name="CS" /> Lama madaxweynaha iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha midkoodna uma uusan muuqan mid si gaar ah uga walaacsan [[Political corruption|musuqmaasuqa rasmiga ah]] iyo [[nepotism|qaraabo-kiilka]].<ref name="CS" /> In kasta oo dhaqamadan ay u muuqdeen kuwo caadi ah bulshada ku saleysan qaraabada, qaar ayaa ka xumaaday baaxaddooda Golaha Qaranka, halkaas oo ay u muuqatay in xubnaha baarlamaanka ay iska indhatireen dadka soo doortay ee ganacsiga codadka ee faa'iidada shakhsi ahaaneed.<ref name="CS" /> Dadka ugu qanacsanayn dowladda waxaa ka mid ahaa aqoonyahannada iyo xubnaha [[Somali Armed Forces|ciidamada qalabka sida]] iyo [[Somali Police Force|booliska]].<ref name="CS" /> (Jeneraal [[Mohamed Abshir Muse|Maxamed Abshir Muuse]], taliyihii ciidanka booliska, wuxuu iscasilay wax yar ka hor doorashada ka dib markii uu diiday inuu u oggolaado baabuurta booliska inay qaadaan codbixiyaasha SYL ee aaday codbixinta.<ref name="CS" />) Kooxahan qanacsanayn, kan ugu muhiimsan wuxuu ahaa millatariga, oo tan iyo 1961 ka maqnaa siyaasadda.<ref name="CS" /> Waxay sidaas u samaysay qayb ahaan sababtoo ah dowladdu ma aysan ugu yeerin inay taageerto iyo qayb ahaan sababtoo ah, si ka duwan ciidamada qalabka sida ee Afrika badan, Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed waxay lahaayeen hawl dibadeed oo dhab ah oo ay taageerayaan dhammaan Soomaalida — taas oo ah ilaalinta xuduudaha Itoobiya iyo Kenya.<ref name="CS" /> === Afgambigii 1969 === {{Main|1969 Somali coup d'état}} 15 Oktoobar 1969, iyadoo uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada waqooyi ee [[Las Anod|Laascaanood]], Madaxweynihii xilligaas ee Soomaaliya [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] waxaa dilay mid ka mid ah ilaaladiisa gaarka ah. Dilkiisii ​​waxaa si degdeg ah ugu xigay [[coup d'état|afgambi millatari]] oo dhacay 21 Oktoobar 1969 (maalinta ka dambeysay janaasadiisa), taas oo [[Military of Somalia|Ciidanka Soomaaliya]] ay la wareegeen awoodda iyada oo aan la kulmin mucaarad hubaysan — asal ahaan la wareegid aan dhiig daadan. Afgambiga waxaa hormuud ka ahaa Major General [[Siad Barre|Maxamed Siyaad Barre]], oo xilligaas taliye u ahaa ciidanka.<ref name="Myswenvwp">Moshe Y. Sachs, ''Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations'', Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290.</ref> Marka laga reebo Barre, [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] (SRC) ee la wareegay awoodda ka dib dilkii Madaxweyne Sharmaarke, waxaa hoggaaminayay [[Mohamed Ainanshe Guled|Maxamed Ceynaanshe Guuleed]], [[Mohammad Ali Samatar|Maxamed Cali Samatar]], [[Abdullah Mohamed Fadil|Cabdullahi Maxamed Fadal]], iyo [[Salaad Gabeyre Kediye|Salaad Gabeyre Kediye]], oo ahaa wakiil KGB ah oo lacag lagu siiyo oo lambarkiisa code-ka yahay "OPERATOR".<ref name="Andrew">Andrew, p.448</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray hoggaamiyeyaashii afgambiga Taliyaha Booliska [[Jama Ali Korshel|Jaamac Cali Korsheel]]. Barre wuxuu ahaa kan ugu da'da weyn isla markaana hoggaamiyaha SRC.<ref name="Adam">{{cite book | last = Adam | first = Hussein Mohamed |author2=Richard Ford | title = Mending rips in the sky: options for Somali communities in the 21st century | publisher = Red Sea Press | year = 1997 | pages = 226 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0m9yAAAAMAAJ | isbn = 1-56902-073-6}}</ref> SRC-dii waxay markii dambe dalka u bixisay [[Somali Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]],<ref>J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, ''The Cambridge history of Africa'', Volume 8, (Cambridge University Press: 1985), p.478.</ref><ref name="Grolierenc">''The Encyclopedia Americana: complete in thirty volumes. Skin to Sumac'', Volume 25, (Grolier: 1995), p.214.</ref> xirtay xubnihii dowladdii hore, mamnuucday xisbiyada siyaasadda,<ref>{{citation|editor-last= Metz|editor-first = Helen C. |chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|access-date= 21 October 2009}}.</ref> baabbi'iyay baarlamaanka iyo Maxkamadda Sare, waxayna joojisay dastuurka.<ref name="Pjdlfw">Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy'', (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p.279.</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Somaliland]] * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Sooyaalka Somaliland|Taariikhda Somaliland]] ==Qoraallo kale== {{notelist}} ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal| last = Lewis| first = I. M.| title = The Somali Republic since Independence | journal = The World Today| volume = 19| issue = 4| date = April 1963| pages = 167–174| jstor = 40393489}} * {{cite book | last= Menkhaus| first= Ken| chapter= Calm between the storms? Patterns of political violence in Somalia, 1950–1980 | editor-last = Anderson| editor-first = David M.| editor-last2 = Rolandsen| editor-first2 = Øystein H.| title = Politics and Violence in Eastern Africa: The Struggles of Emerging States| publisher = Routledge| location= London| date = 2017| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AGNQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 | pages= 20–34 | isbn = 978-1-317-53952-0}} {{refend}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:county|display=title}} gabt71kjk4q862iqrfpjln2j6799bpf 10 9344 310697 162059 2026-10-22T12:57:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310697 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox official post]] ezmad0wlacjd24scf62nxe9ch1yqnde 10 9351 310698 128202 2026-10-22T13:02:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:Infobox official post/doc]] 310698 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox official post/doc]] t758bhqb92lzeimsjc2apr7fyemq5x8 10 9823 310744 163183 2026-10-23T06:09:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310744 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|auto||width: {{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{width|}}}}}|{{{width}}}|{{{width|100}}}px}};}}"><span class="nowrap">{{formatnum:{{{1|50}}}}} / {{formatnum:{{{2|100}}}}}{{#if:{{{per|}}}|&emsp;({{#expr:(({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100) round (-1*{{min|0|{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100}}}}}}) }}%)}}{{{ref|}}}</span><div style="{{#ifeq:{{{border|{{{border-color|}}}}}}|none||box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid {{{border|{{{border-color|#aaa}}}}}};}} {{#if:{{{background-color|}}}|background-color: {{{background-color}}};}} height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: {{#if:{{Both|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}}} | rgb({{#expr:255*{{{3|255}}}}}, {{#expr:255*{{{4|0}}}}}, {{#expr:255*{{{5|0}}}}}) | {{{hex|{{{3|#CCCCCC}}}}}} }}; color:inherit; width: {{#expr:(({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100) round (-1*{{min|0|{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:({{{1|50}}}/{{{2|100}}})*100}}}}}}) }}%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 08at8rsyu6afz0xy1j168ln8qib3e3h 0 9986 310696 211464 2026-10-22T12:41:19Z Annita Demetriou1 47940 310696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Kuwani waa '''Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaana ka mid ah midka hadda xilka haya ee [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]], [[Maxamed Cusman Jawaari]]. == List of speakers == [[Mohamed Ali Yusuf]] served from 11 August 2021 to 26 April 2022 as [[acting]] Speaker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guddiyada Doorashada Guddoonadda Aqalka Hoose iyo Aqalka Sare oo la magacaabay |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2022/apr/wararka_maanta16-180934.htm |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" | Portrait ! rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(birth–death)}} ! colspan="3" | Term of office ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party ! rowspan="2" | Deputy speaker ! rowspan="2" | Election |- ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office |- | 1 | [[File:2017 22 SpeakerUpperHouseAMISOM-14 (31648952883) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi]]<br />{{small|(1946)}} | 22 January 2017 | 10 August 2021 | {{ayd|2017|01|22|2021|08|11}} | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" | | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | Abshir Bukhari | [[2016 Somali parliamentary election|2016]] |- bgcolor="#e6e6aa" | — | [[File:Gaagaab (3x4 cropped).jpg|frameless|100px]] | [[Mohamed Ali Yusuf]]<br />{{small|(1944–2024)<br />''acting''}} | 11 August 2021 | 26 April 2022 | {{ayd|2021|08|11|2022|04|26}} | bgcolor="{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" | | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | ''Vacant'' | [[Category:Legislative speakers|Somalia]] [[Category:Chairs of upper houses|Somalia]] [[Category:Speakers of the Senate of Somalia|*]] —<br /> |- |1 | [[File:2017 22 SpeakerUpperHouseAMISOM-14 (31648952883) (cropped).jpg|100px]] |[[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi]] |26 April 2022 |Incumbent | {{ayd|2022|04|26|}} |bgcolor="{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| | Independent |Abdullahi Timacade |[[2021–2022 Somali parliamentary election|2021–2022]] |} ==List of speakers== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! width=150|Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Portrait ! colspan=2|Term of office ! Political party |- ! colspan="6" | [[Unicameralism|Unicameral]] - National Assembly [[Somali Republic]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 February 1956 || 1 July 1960 || [[Somali Youth League]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| — | [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]]<br>{{small|''Acting Speaker''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 July 1960 || 26 July 1960 || [[Somali Youth League]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jama Abdullahi Qalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 July 1960 || 26 May 1964 || [[Somali Youth League]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Ahmed Mohamed Obsiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 May 1964 || 1 March 1967 || [[Somali Youth League]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein|Sheikh Mukhtar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 March 1967 || 21 October 1969 || [[Somali Youth League]] |- ! colspan="6" | Unicameral – People's Assembly |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismail Ali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 August 1979 || 26 January 1982 || [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Supreme Revolutionary Council]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Mohamed Ibrahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 January 1982 || 1 November 1989 || [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Supreme Revolutionary Council]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Hussein Kulmiye Afrah]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 November 1989 || 22 January 1991 ||[[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Supreme Revolutionary Council]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Unicameralism|Unicameral]] – [[Transitional National Government of Somalia|TNG]] (2000–2004) [[Transitional Federal Government of Somalia|TFG]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Abdallah Isaaq Deerow]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 August 2000 || 14 September 2004 || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 September 2004 || 17 January 2007 || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aden Madobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 January 2007 || 25 May 2010 || [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 May 2010 || 20 August 2012|| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |- ! colspan="6" | [[Unicameralism|Unicameral]] – House of the People [[Federal Government of Somalia]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle|Muse Hassan Abdulle]]<br />{{small|''Acting Speaker''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 August 2012 || 28 August 2012|| [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Mohamed Osman Jawari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 August 2012 ||9 April 2018 | [[Union for Peace and Development Party]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – split [[Senate of Somalia]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Mohamed Mursal Sheikh Abdurahman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 April 2018 |30 April 2022 |[[Tayo Political Party]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aden Madobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 April 2022 | 10 August 2026 | [[Union for Peace and Development Party]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 August 2026 | ''Incumbent'' | [[Union for Peace and Development Party]] |} 7afj0z60ur0zehfemf2yjahtqiluz4e 310717 310696 2026-10-22T14:09:17Z Isma4l 41797 310717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Afhayeenka Golaha Shacabka ee Soomaaliya | body = | native_name = Afhayeenka Gollaha Shacabka | insignia = | insignia_caption = Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya | image = | incumbent = ''[[Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur]]'' | incumbent_since = 10 Ogosto 2026 | deputy = Cabdullaahi Cumar Abshir, Saciid Yaasiin Xaaji Daahir. | style = [[The Honourable]] | residence = Villa Hargeisa, Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | appointer = [[Elections in Somalia|Codbixiyayaasha]] | appointerpost = | term_length = 4 sano, la cusboonaysiin karo hal mar | inaugural = [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar]] | formation = 29 Febraayo 1956 }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Waxaa soo socda '''liiska afhayeenadda Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaa jiray 12 [[Speaker (politics)|afhayeen]] oo rasmi ah oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka ilaa xafiiska la abuuray 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golaha|first1=Shacabka|title=Taxanaha baarlmaan|url=http://www.parliament.gov.so/images/Ku-Saabsan-Baarlamaanka/Qaararka-Sugidda-Taxanaha-Goleyaasha2.pdf|website=parliament.gov.so|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref> Afhayeenkii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka wuxuu ahaa [[Aden Abdullah Osman Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]], kaas oo xilka hayay ka hor xornimada gudaha [[Trust Territory of Somalia|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]], waxaana xilka kala wareegay [[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]] 1 Luulyo 1960, Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Xilka afhayeenka ayaa haatan ah mid baneed ka dib markii afhayeenkii ugu dambeeyay, [[Aden Madobe]], uu noqday [[List of presidents of South West State of Somalia|Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2026/Jun/205371/somali_speaker_wins_southwest_state_presidency_election_after_rival_withdraws.aspx |title=Somali speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws |website=Hiraan Online}}</ref> ==Madaxweyne K Meel Gaar ah== Haddii ay dhacdo maqnaansho ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku timaada [[President of Somalia|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay sabab u tahay xanuun, safar dibadda ah ama xaalado la mid ah, afhayeenka baarlamaanka ayaa u shaqeeya sida madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, wuxuuna fuliyaa awoodaha madaxweynaha dowladda ilaa uu madaxweynuhu ka bilaabayo hawshiisa, iyo haddii ay dhacdo in xilka madaxweynuhu bannaan yahay iyada oo ka dhalatay geeri ama istiskaal ama sabab kale oo kasta, ilaa laga dooranayo madaxweyne cusub.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Liiska afhayeenada== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Tiro}} ! width=150|Magaca<br />{{small|(Dhalasho–Geeri)}} ! Sawir ! colspan=2|Muddada xilka ! Xisbiga siyaasadda |- ! colspan="6" | [[Hal Aqal]] - Golaha Qaranka [[Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliyeed]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daa'ir]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 Febraayo 1956 || 1 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed}}; color:white;"| — | [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]]<br>{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku meel gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jaamac cabdullahi qaalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Meey 1964 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 Meey 1964 || 1 Maarso 1967 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Mukhtar Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 Maarso 1967 || 21 Oktoobar 1969 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 Agoosto 1979 || 26 Janaayo 1982 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 Janaayo 1982 || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || 22 Janaayo 1991 ||[[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''Hal Aqal – [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKQ]] (2000–2004) [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKF]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 Agoosto 2000 || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || 17 Janaayo 2007 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 Janaayo 2007 || 25 Meey 2010 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 Meey 2010 || 20 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle|Muuse Xasan Cabdulle]]<br />{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku-meel-gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 Agoosto 2012 || 28 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Maxamed Jawaari|Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 Agoosto 2012 ||9 Abriil 2018 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – kala qaybsan [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Maxamed Mursal Sheikh Cabduraxman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 Abriil 2018 |30 Abriil 2022 |[[Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 Abriil 2022 | 10 Agoosto 2026 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 Agoosto 2026 | ''Xil-haya'' | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xubnaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} *Noocyada kala duwan ee ''The Europa World Year'' {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] g58rfq5iqbu1ge2oa8618jmfovjzx3u 310718 310717 2026-10-22T14:14:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Afhayeenka Golaha Shacabka ee Soomaaliya | body = | native_name = Afhayeenka Gollaha Shacabka | insignia = | insignia_caption = Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya | image = | incumbent = ''[[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]'' | incumbent_since = 10 Ogosto 2026 | deputy = Cabdullaahi Cumar Abshir, Saciid Yaasiin Xaaji Daahir. | style = [[The Honourable]] | residence = Villa Hargeisa, Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | appointer = [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|Codbixiyayaasha]] | appointerpost = | term_length = 4 sano, la cusboonaysiin karo hal mar | inaugural = [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar]] | formation = 29 Febraayo 1956 }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Waxaa soo socda '''liiska afhayeenadda Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaa jiray 12 afhayeen oo rasmi ah oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka ilaa xafiiska la abuuray 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golaha|first1=Shacabka|title=Taxanaha baarlmaan|url=http://www.parliament.gov.so/images/Ku-Saabsan-Baarlamaanka/Qaararka-Sugidda-Taxanaha-Goleyaasha2.pdf|website=parliament.gov.so|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref> Afhayeenkii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka wuxuu ahaa [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]], kaas oo xilka hayay ka hor xornimada gudaha [[Dhulka Ilaalada Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]], waxaana xilka kala wareegay [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] 1 Luulyo 1960, Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Xilka afhayeenka ayaa haatan ah mid baneed ka dib markii afhayeenkii ugu dambeeyay, [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]], uu noqday Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2026/Jun/205371/somali_speaker_wins_southwest_state_presidency_election_after_rival_withdraws.aspx |title=Somali speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws |website=Hiraan Online}}</ref> ==Madaxweyne K Meel Gaar ah== Haddii ay dhacdo maqnaansho ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku timaada [[President of Somalia|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay sabab u tahay xanuun, safar dibadda ah ama xaalado la mid ah, afhayeenka baarlamaanka ayaa u shaqeeya sida madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, wuxuuna fuliyaa awoodaha madaxweynaha dowladda ilaa uu madaxweynuhu ka bilaabayo hawshiisa, iyo haddii ay dhacdo in xilka madaxweynuhu bannaan yahay iyada oo ka dhalatay geeri ama istiskaal ama sabab kale oo kasta, ilaa laga dooranayo madaxweyne cusub.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Liiska afhayeenada== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Tiro}} ! width=150|Magaca<br />{{small|(Dhalasho–Geeri)}} ! Sawir ! colspan=2|Muddada xilka ! Xisbiga siyaasadda |- ! colspan="6" | [[Hal Aqal]] - Golaha Qaranka [[Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliyeed]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daa'ir]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 Febraayo 1956 || 1 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed}}; color:white;"| — | [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]]<br>{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku meel gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jaamac cabdullahi qaalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Meey 1964 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 Meey 1964 || 1 Maarso 1967 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Mukhtar Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 Maarso 1967 || 21 Oktoobar 1969 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 Agoosto 1979 || 26 Janaayo 1982 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 Janaayo 1982 || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || 22 Janaayo 1991 ||[[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''Hal Aqal – [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKQ]] (2000–2004) [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKF]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 Agoosto 2000 || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || 17 Janaayo 2007 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 Janaayo 2007 || 25 Meey 2010 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 Meey 2010 || 20 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle|Muuse Xasan Cabdulle]]<br />{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku-meel-gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 Agoosto 2012 || 28 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Maxamed Jawaari|Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 Agoosto 2012 ||9 Abriil 2018 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – kala qaybsan [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Maxamed Mursal Sheikh Cabduraxman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 Abriil 2018 |30 Abriil 2022 |[[Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 Abriil 2022 | 10 Agoosto 2026 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 Agoosto 2026 | ''Xil-haya'' | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xubnaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} *Noocyada kala duwan ee ''The Europa World Year'' {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] kabrzp5cvg0585n90ykbtp8fhf3qwn3 310720 310718 2026-10-22T14:27:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* Liiska afhayeenada */ 310720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Afhayeenka Golaha Shacabka ee Soomaaliya | body = | native_name = Afhayeenka Gollaha Shacabka | insignia = | insignia_caption = Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya | image = | incumbent = ''[[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]'' | incumbent_since = 10 Ogosto 2026 | deputy = Cabdullaahi Cumar Abshir, Saciid Yaasiin Xaaji Daahir. | style = [[The Honourable]] | residence = Villa Hargeisa, Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | appointer = [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|Codbixiyayaasha]] | appointerpost = | term_length = 4 sano, la cusboonaysiin karo hal mar | inaugural = [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar]] | formation = 29 Febraayo 1956 }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Waxaa soo socda '''liiska afhayeenadda Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaa jiray 12 afhayeen oo rasmi ah oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka ilaa xafiiska la abuuray 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golaha|first1=Shacabka|title=Taxanaha baarlmaan|url=http://www.parliament.gov.so/images/Ku-Saabsan-Baarlamaanka/Qaararka-Sugidda-Taxanaha-Goleyaasha2.pdf|website=parliament.gov.so|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref> Afhayeenkii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka wuxuu ahaa [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]], kaas oo xilka hayay ka hor xornimada gudaha [[Dhulka Ilaalada Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]], waxaana xilka kala wareegay [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] 1 Luulyo 1960, Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Xilka afhayeenka ayaa haatan ah mid baneed ka dib markii afhayeenkii ugu dambeeyay, [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]], uu noqday Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2026/Jun/205371/somali_speaker_wins_southwest_state_presidency_election_after_rival_withdraws.aspx |title=Somali speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws |website=Hiraan Online}}</ref> ==Madaxweyne K Meel Gaar ah== Haddii ay dhacdo maqnaansho ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku timaada [[President of Somalia|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay sabab u tahay xanuun, safar dibadda ah ama xaalado la mid ah, afhayeenka baarlamaanka ayaa u shaqeeya sida madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, wuxuuna fuliyaa awoodaha madaxweynaha dowladda ilaa uu madaxweynuhu ka bilaabayo hawshiisa, iyo haddii ay dhacdo in xilka madaxweynuhu bannaan yahay iyada oo ka dhalatay geeri ama istiskaal ama sabab kale oo kasta, ilaa laga dooranayo madaxweyne cusub.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Liiska afhayeenada== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Tiro}} ! width=150|Magaca<br />{{small|(Dhalasho–Geeri)}} ! Sawir ! colspan=2|Muddada xilka ! Xisbiga siyaasadda |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal - Golaha Qaranka [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daa'ir]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 Febraayo 1956 || 1 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed}}; color:white;"| — | [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]]<br>{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku meel gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jaamac cabdullahi qaalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Meey 1964 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 Meey 1964 || 1 Maarso 1967 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Mukhtar Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 Maarso 1967 || 21 Oktoobar 1969 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 Agoosto 1979 || 26 Janaayo 1982 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 Janaayo 1982 || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || 22 Janaayo 1991 ||[[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''Hal Aqal – [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKQ]] (2000–2004) [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKF]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 Agoosto 2000 || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || 17 Janaayo 2007 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 Janaayo 2007 || 25 Meey 2010 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 Meey 2010 || 20 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle|Muuse Xasan Cabdulle]]<br />{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku-meel-gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 Agoosto 2012 || 28 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Maxamed Jawaari|Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 Agoosto 2012 ||9 Abriil 2018 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – kala qaybsan [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Maxamed Mursal Sheikh Cabduraxman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 Abriil 2018 |30 Abriil 2022 |[[Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 Abriil 2022 | 10 Agoosto 2026 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 Agoosto 2026 | ''Xil-haya'' | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xubnaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} *Noocyada kala duwan ee ''The Europa World Year'' {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] scbaxvrz0r5vr3g6jxlpvlhbrli5ccq 310721 310720 2026-10-22T14:29:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* Madaxweyne K Meel Gaar ah */ 310721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Afhayeenka Golaha Shacabka ee Soomaaliya | body = | native_name = Afhayeenka Gollaha Shacabka | insignia = | insignia_caption = Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya | image = | incumbent = ''[[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]'' | incumbent_since = 10 Ogosto 2026 | deputy = Cabdullaahi Cumar Abshir, Saciid Yaasiin Xaaji Daahir. | style = [[The Honourable]] | residence = Villa Hargeisa, Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | appointer = [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|Codbixiyayaasha]] | appointerpost = | term_length = 4 sano, la cusboonaysiin karo hal mar | inaugural = [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar]] | formation = 29 Febraayo 1956 }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Waxaa soo socda '''liiska afhayeenadda Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaa jiray 12 afhayeen oo rasmi ah oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka ilaa xafiiska la abuuray 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golaha|first1=Shacabka|title=Taxanaha baarlmaan|url=http://www.parliament.gov.so/images/Ku-Saabsan-Baarlamaanka/Qaararka-Sugidda-Taxanaha-Goleyaasha2.pdf|website=parliament.gov.so|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref> Afhayeenkii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka wuxuu ahaa [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]], kaas oo xilka hayay ka hor xornimada gudaha [[Dhulka Ilaalada Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]], waxaana xilka kala wareegay [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] 1 Luulyo 1960, Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Xilka afhayeenka ayaa haatan ah mid baneed ka dib markii afhayeenkii ugu dambeeyay, [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]], uu noqday Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2026/Jun/205371/somali_speaker_wins_southwest_state_presidency_election_after_rival_withdraws.aspx |title=Somali speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws |website=Hiraan Online}}</ref> ==Madaxweyne K Meel Gaar ah== Haddii ay dhacdo maqnaansho ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku timaada [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay sabab u tahay xanuun, safar dibadda ah ama xaalado la mid ah, afhayeenka baarlamaanka ayaa u shaqeeya sida madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, wuxuuna fuliyaa awoodaha madaxweynaha dowladda ilaa uu madaxweynuhu ka bilaabayo hawshiisa, iyo haddii ay dhacdo in xilka madaxweynuhu bannaan yahay iyada oo ka dhalatay geeri ama istiskaal ama sabab kale oo kasta, ilaa laga dooranayo madaxweyne cusub.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Liiska afhayeenada== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Tiro}} ! width=150|Magaca<br />{{small|(Dhalasho–Geeri)}} ! Sawir ! colspan=2|Muddada xilka ! Xisbiga siyaasadda |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal - Golaha Qaranka [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daa'ir]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 Febraayo 1956 || 1 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed}}; color:white;"| — | [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]]<br>{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku meel gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jaamac cabdullahi qaalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Meey 1964 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 Meey 1964 || 1 Maarso 1967 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Mukhtar Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 Maarso 1967 || 21 Oktoobar 1969 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 Agoosto 1979 || 26 Janaayo 1982 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 Janaayo 1982 || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || 22 Janaayo 1991 ||[[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''Hal Aqal – [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKQ]] (2000–2004) [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKF]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 Agoosto 2000 || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || 17 Janaayo 2007 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 Janaayo 2007 || 25 Meey 2010 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 Meey 2010 || 20 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle|Muuse Xasan Cabdulle]]<br />{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku-meel-gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 Agoosto 2012 || 28 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Maxamed Jawaari|Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 Agoosto 2012 ||9 Abriil 2018 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – kala qaybsan [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Maxamed Mursal Sheikh Cabduraxman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 Abriil 2018 |30 Abriil 2022 |[[Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 Abriil 2022 | 10 Agoosto 2026 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 Agoosto 2026 | ''Xil-haya'' | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xubnaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} *Noocyada kala duwan ee ''The Europa World Year'' {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] s7i8506l9zo81zmnh416gp1ox1wlrpd 310722 310721 2026-10-22T14:29:42Z Isma4l 41797 310722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Afhayeenka Golaha Shacabka ee Soomaaliya | body = | native_name = Afhayeenka Gollaha Shacabka | insignia = | insignia_caption = Astaanta Qaranka Soomaaliya | image = | incumbent = ''[[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]'' | incumbent_since = 10 Ogosto 2026 | deputy = Cabdullaahi Cumar Abshir, Saciid Yaasiin Xaaji Daahir. | style = [[The Honourable]] | residence = Villa Hargeisa, Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | appointer = [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|Codbixiyayaasha]] | appointerpost = | term_length = 4 sano, la cusboonaysiin karo hal mar | inaugural = [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daar]] | formation = 29 Febraayo 1956 }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Waxaa soo socda '''liiska afhayeenadda Baarlamaanka ee [[Soomaaliya]]'''. Waxaa jiray 12 afhayeen oo rasmi ah oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka ilaa xafiiska la abuuray 1956.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golaha|first1=Shacabka|title=Taxanaha baarlmaan|url=http://www.parliament.gov.so/images/Ku-Saabsan-Baarlamaanka/Qaararka-Sugidda-Taxanaha-Goleyaasha2.pdf|website=parliament.gov.so|accessdate=4 January 2014}}</ref> Afhayeenkii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka wuxuu ahaa [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]], kaas oo xilka hayay ka hor xornimada gudaha [[Dhulka Ilaalada Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]], waxaana xilka kala wareegay [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] 1 Luulyo 1960, Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Xilka afhayeenka ayaa haatan ah mid baneed ka dib markii afhayeenkii ugu dambeeyay, [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]], uu noqday Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2026/Jun/205371/somali_speaker_wins_southwest_state_presidency_election_after_rival_withdraws.aspx |title=Somali speaker wins Southwest State Presidency election after rival withdraws |website=Hiraan Online}}</ref> ==Madaxweyne Ku Meel Gaar ah== Haddii ay dhacdo maqnaansho ku-meel-gaar ah oo ku timaada [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay sabab u tahay xanuun, safar dibadda ah ama xaalado la mid ah, afhayeenka baarlamaanka ayaa u shaqeeya sida madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, wuxuuna fuliyaa awoodaha madaxweynaha dowladda ilaa uu madaxweynuhu ka bilaabayo hawshiisa, iyo haddii ay dhacdo in xilka madaxweynuhu bannaan yahay iyada oo ka dhalatay geeri ama istiskaal ama sabab kale oo kasta, ilaa laga dooranayo madaxweyne cusub.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Liiska afhayeenada== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Tiro}} ! width=150|Magaca<br />{{small|(Dhalasho–Geeri)}} ! Sawir ! colspan=2|Muddada xilka ! Xisbiga siyaasadda |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal - Golaha Qaranka [[Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] (1960–1969) |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 1 | [[Aadan Daar|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan Daa'ir]]<br />{{small|(1908–2007)}} || [[File:Aden Abdulle Osman Daar.jpg|150px]] || 29 Febraayo 1956 || 1 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed}}; color:white;"| — | [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]]<br>{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku meel gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1912–1984)}} || [[File:Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf2.jpg|150px]] || 1 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Luulyo 1960 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 2 | [[Jaamac cabdullahi qaalib]]<br />{{small|(1930–2015)}} || [[File:Jama.png|150px]] || 26 Luulyo 1960 || 26 Meey 1964 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 3 | [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]]<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} ||[[File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png|150px]] || 26 Meey 1964 || 1 Maarso 1967 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Youth League}}; color:white;"| 4 | [[Mukhtar Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar M.Husein]]<br />{{small|(1912–2012)}} || [[File:Sheikh Mukhtar.jpg|150px]] || 1 Maarso 1967 || 21 Oktoobar 1969 || [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 5 | [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]]<br />{{small|(1937–)}} || [[File:Ismail.png |150px]] || 5 Agoosto 1979 || 26 Janaayo 1982 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 6 | [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]]<br />{{small|(1921–1998)}} || [[File:Liqliqato.png|150px]] || 26 Janaayo 1982 || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}; color:white;"| 7 | [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]]<br />{{small|(1920–1993)}} || [[File:Hussein.png|150px]] || 1 Nofeembar 1989 || 22 Janaayo 1991 ||[[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''Hal Aqal – [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKQ]] (2000–2004) [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|DKF]] (2004–2012)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 8 | [[Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq]]<br />{{small|(1950–2006)}} || [[File:Deerow.png |150px]] || 9 Agoosto 2000 || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 9 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 14 Sebtembar 2004 || 17 Janaayo 2007 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 10 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br />{{small|(1956–)}} || [[File:Adan.png|150px]] || 17 Janaayo 2007 || 25 Meey 2010 || Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| 11 | [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]]<br />{{small|(1954–)}} || [[File:Sharif.png|150px]] || 25 Meey 2010 || 20 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! colspan="6" | Hal Aqal – Golaha Shacabka [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] '''(2012–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; color:black;"| — | [[Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle|Muuse Xasan Cabdulle]]<br />{{small|''Afhayeenka Ku-meel-gaarka ah''}}<br />{{small|(1940–)}} | [[File:Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg|150px]] ||20 Agoosto 2012 || 28 Agoosto 2012|| Madaxbanaan |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}; color:black;"| 12 | [[Maxamed Jawaari|Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]<br />{{small|(1945–2024)}} || [[File:Jawari.png|150px]] || 28 Agoosto 2012 ||9 Abriil 2018 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- | colspan="6" |'''[[Bicameral]] – kala qaybsan [[Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] (2016–)''' |- ! style="background:{{party color|Tayo Political Party}}; color:black;"| 13 |[[Maxamed Mursal Sheikh Cabduraxman]] |[[File:Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|Mohamed mursal (Copy).png|150px]] |30 Abriil 2018 |30 Abriil 2022 |[[Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}};" | 14 | [[Aaden Nuur|Aaden Madoobe]]<br /><small>(1956–)</small> | [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|150px]] | 30 Abriil 2022 | 10 Agoosto 2026 | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Independent}};" | 15 | [[Cabduqaadir Maxamed Nuur]]<br /><small>(1985–)</small> | [[File:Minister at Meeting in Mogadishu to discuss new AU mission in Somalia (51854290701) (cropped).jpg|150px]] | 10 Agoosto 2026 | ''Xil-haya'' | [[Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xubnaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} *Noocyada kala duwan ee ''The Europa World Year'' {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] na6w5dyvcz3ys01x1pbmkml772xja2f 0 17202 310725 301797 2026-10-22T16:14:52Z Cigaal.7 47942 /* Macnaha ereyga */ 310725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Islaam}} ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan jihaadka ay aaminsan yihiin [[dad]]ka [[Islaam]]ka ah.'' '''Jihaad''' ([[ingiriis]]: jihad; [[carabi]]: جهاد‎ "jihād") waa erey lagu isticmaalo [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka taasi oo u taagan dagaal naf, xoolo, dhaqaale, fikir, wakhti, hiil iyo hoo la bixid ah si loo difaaco mabaadii'da iyo jiritaanka diinta Islaamka ah. Sida meelo badan oo [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah ku xusan jihaadku waa mid waajib ku ah dhamaan dadka [[muslim]]iinta ah in kastoo lagu kala badan yahay waajibaadkaasi. Sida caadiga ah waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo jihaad ah, waxaa ka mid ah: *Jihaad dagaal: waa mid khasab ku ah qof kasta oo muslim ah, qaangaadh ah, hub qaadi kara oo dagaal geli kara. *Jihaadka dhaqaalaha: dadka qaniga ah ee wax heysta waxaa waajib ku ah ineey ku bixiyaan jihaadka qeyb ka mid ah xoolohooga. Waxaa intaas dheer in qofkaas laga rabo inuu isla markaa ka qeyb qaato dagaalka nafsi ahaan. *Jihaadka nafta: waa marka qofka laga rabo inuu naftiisa ku khasbo waajibaadka diiniga ah ee saaran si uu u fuliyo amarada shaqsi ahaaneed. Guud ahaan, jihaadku waa dagaal naf huris ah oo loo galayo sidii loo fulin lahaa ama loo dhowri lahaa mabaadii'da diinta Islaamka. Taas macneheedu ma ahan in lala dagaalamayo dhamaan qof kasta oon aaminsanahay diinta Islaamka. Laakiin waa ilaalinta iyo difaaca diinta oo kali ah. Jihaadku waa waajibaad saaran dhamaan muslimiinta si loo ilaaliyo jiritaanka, sumcada iyo karaamada diinta Islaamka. ===Macnaha ereyga=== Ereyga Jihad (Jihaad) wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] : (الجهاد), wuxuna sheegay macnihiisu yahay dadaal, halgan, ama u hurid naftaada iyo awoodaada xaqiijinta yool ama arrin wanaagsan Diinta [[Islaam|Islaamka]] dhexdeeda, Jihadu ma aha oo kaliya dagaal, balse waxay leedahay macnayaal ballaaran oo kala ah . ==Aayadaha ku boorinaya "jihaadka"== "'Kuwa Eebbe ((Alle)) iyo rasuulkiisa rumeeyay sharcigiisana ku camalfalayow, ma idin tusiyaa ganacsi wayn oo idinka badbaadinaya cadaab xanuun Badan Waana inaad daa'intaan rumaynta Eebe (Alle) iyo rasuulkiisa; dariiqa Allana aad ku jihaaddaan Sii Waxaa aad haysataan ee naf iyo maalba ah aad ugu gargaartaan diintiisa, sidaa ayaa idinkaga khayr badan ganacsiga adduun, haddii aad tihiin kuwo kala garanaya waxa dhibka leh iyo waxa nafciga leh, ee arrinkaas sameeya''' (Suurada As-Saf A 10-11) ==Taariikh== {{Template:Dagaaladii Islaamka}} Jihaadku wuxuu bilaabmey wakhtiyadii ugu horeeyay ee soo ifbaxa iyo fiditaanka diinta Islaamka. Wakhtiyadaasi oo dadka Muslimiinta ahaa u dagaalamayeen si ay u helaan xoriyad, nabadgelyo iyo amni dadkii ay la noolaayeen. Dagaaladaasi ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Dagaalkii Beder]], [[Dagaalkii Uxud]], [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada]], [[Dagaalkii Kheybar]], [[Dagaalkii Xunayn]], [[Dagaalkii Tabuk]] iyo kuwo kale oo ka dambeeyay. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām​—The Way to God by Submission] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Islaam]] bl0zncnuyxgat4pygfp1zq6xheixqcp 310726 310725 2026-10-22T16:29:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* Macnaha ereyga */ 310726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Islaam}} ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan jihaadka ay aaminsan yihiin [[dad]]ka [[Islaam]]ka ah.'' '''Jihaad''' ([[ingiriis]]: jihad; [[carabi]]: جهاد‎ "jihād") waa erey lagu isticmaalo [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka taasi oo u taagan dagaal naf, xoolo, dhaqaale, fikir, wakhti, hiil iyo hoo la bixid ah si loo difaaco mabaadii'da iyo jiritaanka diinta Islaamka ah. Sida meelo badan oo [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah ku xusan jihaadku waa mid waajib ku ah dhamaan dadka [[muslim]]iinta ah in kastoo lagu kala badan yahay waajibaadkaasi. Sida caadiga ah waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo jihaad ah, waxaa ka mid ah: *Jihaad dagaal: waa mid khasab ku ah qof kasta oo muslim ah, qaangaadh ah, hub qaadi kara oo dagaal geli kara. *Jihaadka dhaqaalaha: dadka qaniga ah ee wax heysta waxaa waajib ku ah ineey ku bixiyaan jihaadka qeyb ka mid ah xoolohooga. Waxaa intaas dheer in qofkaas laga rabo inuu isla markaa ka qeyb qaato dagaalka nafsi ahaan. *Jihaadka nafta: waa marka qofka laga rabo inuu naftiisa ku khasbo waajibaadka diiniga ah ee saaran si uu u fuliyo amarada shaqsi ahaaneed. Guud ahaan, jihaadku waa dagaal naf huris ah oo loo galayo sidii loo fulin lahaa ama loo dhowri lahaa mabaadii'da diinta Islaamka. Taas macneheedu ma ahan in lala dagaalamayo dhamaan qof kasta oon aaminsanahay diinta Islaamka. Laakiin waa ilaalinta iyo difaaca diinta oo kali ah. Jihaadku waa waajibaad saaran dhamaan muslimiinta si loo ilaaliyo jiritaanka, sumcada iyo karaamada diinta Islaamka. ==Macnaha ereyga== Ereyga Jihad (Jihaad) wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] : (الجهاد), wuxuna sheegay macnihiisu yahay dadaal, halgan, ama u hurid naftaada iyo awoodaada xaqiijinta yool ama arrin wanaagsan Diinta [[Islaam|Islaamka]] dhexdeeda, Jihadu ma aha oo kaliya dagaal, balse waxay leedahay macnayaal ballaaran oo kala ah . ==Aayadaha ku boorinaya "jihaadka"== "'Kuwa Eebbe ((Alle)) iyo rasuulkiisa rumeeyay sharcigiisana ku camalfalayow, ma idin tusiyaa ganacsi wayn oo idinka badbaadinaya cadaab xanuun Badan Waana inaad daa'intaan rumaynta Eebe (Alle) iyo rasuulkiisa; dariiqa Allana aad ku jihaaddaan Sii Waxaa aad haysataan ee naf iyo maalba ah aad ugu gargaartaan diintiisa, sidaa ayaa idinkaga khayr badan ganacsiga adduun, haddii aad tihiin kuwo kala garanaya waxa dhibka leh iyo waxa nafciga leh, ee arrinkaas sameeya''' (Suurada As-Saf A 10-11) ==Taariikh== {{Template:Dagaaladii Islaamka}} Jihaadku wuxuu bilaabmey wakhtiyadii ugu horeeyay ee soo ifbaxa iyo fiditaanka diinta Islaamka. Wakhtiyadaasi oo dadka Muslimiinta ahaa u dagaalamayeen si ay u helaan xoriyad, nabadgelyo iyo amni dadkii ay la noolaayeen. Dagaaladaasi ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Dagaalkii Beder]], [[Dagaalkii Uxud]], [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada]], [[Dagaalkii Kheybar]], [[Dagaalkii Xunayn]], [[Dagaalkii Tabuk]] iyo kuwo kale oo ka dambeeyay. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām​—The Way to God by Submission] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Islaam]] 7k7z06bvu6hes4vh40x6s8wl228l124 310727 310726 2026-10-22T16:29:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* Aayadaha ku boorinaya "jihaadka" */ 310727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Islaam}} ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan jihaadka ay aaminsan yihiin [[dad]]ka [[Islaam]]ka ah.'' '''Jihaad''' ([[ingiriis]]: jihad; [[carabi]]: جهاد‎ "jihād") waa erey lagu isticmaalo [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka taasi oo u taagan dagaal naf, xoolo, dhaqaale, fikir, wakhti, hiil iyo hoo la bixid ah si loo difaaco mabaadii'da iyo jiritaanka diinta Islaamka ah. Sida meelo badan oo [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ah ku xusan jihaadku waa mid waajib ku ah dhamaan dadka [[muslim]]iinta ah in kastoo lagu kala badan yahay waajibaadkaasi. Sida caadiga ah waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo jihaad ah, waxaa ka mid ah: *Jihaad dagaal: waa mid khasab ku ah qof kasta oo muslim ah, qaangaadh ah, hub qaadi kara oo dagaal geli kara. *Jihaadka dhaqaalaha: dadka qaniga ah ee wax heysta waxaa waajib ku ah ineey ku bixiyaan jihaadka qeyb ka mid ah xoolohooga. Waxaa intaas dheer in qofkaas laga rabo inuu isla markaa ka qeyb qaato dagaalka nafsi ahaan. *Jihaadka nafta: waa marka qofka laga rabo inuu naftiisa ku khasbo waajibaadka diiniga ah ee saaran si uu u fuliyo amarada shaqsi ahaaneed. Guud ahaan, jihaadku waa dagaal naf huris ah oo loo galayo sidii loo fulin lahaa ama loo dhowri lahaa mabaadii'da diinta Islaamka. Taas macneheedu ma ahan in lala dagaalamayo dhamaan qof kasta oon aaminsanahay diinta Islaamka. Laakiin waa ilaalinta iyo difaaca diinta oo kali ah. Jihaadku waa waajibaad saaran dhamaan muslimiinta si loo ilaaliyo jiritaanka, sumcada iyo karaamada diinta Islaamka. ==Macnaha ereyga== Ereyga Jihad (Jihaad) wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] : (الجهاد), wuxuna sheegay macnihiisu yahay dadaal, halgan, ama u hurid naftaada iyo awoodaada xaqiijinta yool ama arrin wanaagsan Diinta [[Islaam|Islaamka]] dhexdeeda, Jihadu ma aha oo kaliya dagaal, balse waxay leedahay macnayaal ballaaran oo kala ah . ==Aayadaha ku boorinaya "jihaadka"== "'Kuwa Eebbe ((Alle)) iyo rasuulkiisa rumeeyay sharcigiisana ku camalfalayow, ma idin tusiyaa ganacsi wayn oo idinka badbaadinaya cadaab xanuun Badan Waana inaad daa'intaan rumaynta Eebe (Alle) iyo rasuulkiisa; dariiqa Allana aad ku jihaaddaan Sii Waxaa aad haysataan ee naf iyo maalba ah aad ugu gargaartaan diintiisa, sidaa ayaa idinkaga khayr badan ganacsiga adduun, haddii aad tihiin kuwo kala garanaya waxa dhibka leh iyo waxa nafciga leh, ee arrinkaas sameeya''' (Suurada As-Saf A 10-11) ==Taariikh== {{Template:Dagaaladii Islaamka}} Jihaadku wuxuu bilaabmey wakhtiyadii ugu horeeyay ee soo ifbaxa iyo fiditaanka diinta Islaamka. Wakhtiyadaasi oo dadka Muslimiinta ahaa u dagaalamayeen si ay u helaan xoriyad, nabadgelyo iyo amni dadkii ay la noolaayeen. Dagaaladaasi ugu horeeyay waxaa ka mid ah [[Dagaalkii Beder]], [[Dagaalkii Uxud]], [[Dagaalkii Dhufeysyada]], [[Dagaalkii Kheybar]], [[Dagaalkii Xunayn]], [[Dagaalkii Tabuk]] iyo kuwo kale oo ka dambeeyay. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām​—The Way to God by Submission] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Islaam]] nrivv0t7hgwg92l0c5kebwex4sp7d4p 10 20858 310742 163171 2026-10-23T06:01:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310742 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{main other|{{Short description|Xisbi siyaasadeed{{#if:{{{country|}}}|&#32;ee dalka {{Plain text|{{{country}}}}}}}|noreplace}}}} }}</includeonly>{{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | abovestyle = font-size: 125%; {{#if:{{{background|}}}|background:{{{colorcode|}}}; color:{{{textcolorcode|black}}};|}} | above = <div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; {{#if:{{{colorcode|}}}|border-top:2px solid {{{colorcode}}}; border-bottom:2px 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[[List of political parties in {{{country3}}}|Xisbiyada siyaasadda]] }} }} | {{#if:{{{elections_dab3|}}} | {{#ifexist: {{{elections_dab3}}} | [[{{{elections_dab3}}}|Doorashooyinka]] }} | {{#ifexist: Elections in {{{country3}}} | [[Elections in {{{country3}}}|Doorashooyinka]]}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<hr/>{{{footnotes}}} }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox political party with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox political party]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| _subheader | abbr | abbreviation | affiliation1 | affiliation1_title | affiliation2 | affiliation2_title | anthem | background | banned | blank1 | blank1_title | blank2 | blank2_title | blank3 | blank3_title | blank4 | blank4_title | caption | categories | chairman | chairperson | chairwoman | colorcode | colors | colours | continental | continental affiliation | country | country_dab1 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seats1_title | seats10 | seats10_title | seats11 | seats11_title | seats2 | seats2_title | seats3 | seats3_title | seats4 | seats4_title | seats5 | seats5_title | seats6 | seats6_title | seats7 | seats7_title | seats8 | seats8_title | seats9 | seats9_title | secretary | secretary_general | slogan | split | spokesman | spokesperson | standing_committee | state | student_wing | successor | symbol | textcolorcode | think tank | think_tank | website | wing1 | wing1_title | wing2 | wing2_title | wing3 | wing3_title | wing4 | wing4_title | womens_wing | youth_wing }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gqiec8schwk7hr3vqzogzit7fbacgny 0 32041 310730 297678 2026-10-22T18:29:10Z ~2026-56574-94 47945 /* Tixraacyo */ mohamed hassan jaamac 310730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habr Awal''', oo sidoo kale hadda loo yaqaan '''Subeer Awal''', islamarkaana mararka qaar loo qoro '''Zubeyr Awal''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Habar Awal, [[Carabi]]: هبر أول, Magaca Buuxa: Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), waa beesha ugu weyn uguna dadka badan qoyska weyn ee Isaaq, waxaana si dheeraad ah loogu kala qeybiyaa siddeed beel-hoosaad, kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan ayaa ah Sa'ad Musa iyo Issa Musa. Xubnahoodu waxay ka mid yihiin isbahaysiga Habr Magaadle. Habr Awal si dhaqameed waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada guuraaga ah, dadka xeebaha dega, ganacsatada, iyo beeraleyda. Habr Awal taariikh ahaan, siyaasiyan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] maanta, waxayna degan yihiin dhulal istiraatiiji ah oo xeebeed iyo kuwo bacrin leh. {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yoonis]], [[Muhammad]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) ****Maxamed Abokor ****Musa Abokor *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' ***Ciidagale ***Habar Yonis *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** Cabdiraxmaan (Habar Awal ) **** Sacad Muuse ****Ciise Muuse ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****Abdirahman Sa'ad ******Aadan Cabdiraxman ******Xasan Cabdiraxman *****'Abdalla Sa'ad ******Celi Cabdale ******Indhayare Cabdale''' *****Hassan Sa'ad''' ******Abdalla Hassan''' *****Isaaq Sa'ad''' ******Makahil Isaaq''' *******Nuh Makahil''' *******Abokor Makahil''' *******Cumar Makahil''' *******Mohammed Makahil''' *******Hassan Makahil''' ********Jibril Hassan''' ********Rooble Hassan''' ********Ali Hassan''' ********Osman Hassan''' ********Abokor Cismaan ******** Ali Abokor ********Naaleeye Ali ********Xildidiid Naaleeye ********Samatar Naaleeye ********Geedi Naaleeye ********Maxamed Xildiid ********Caraale Badeed *********Yonis Osman''' *********Mohamoud Osman''' *********Sugaal Osman''' *********Wacays Osman''' *********Liibaan Osman''' *********cabdalle Osman''' ********** Guuleed Cabdlle''' ********* Ahmed Osman''' **********Cabanne Ahmed''' **********Cabdalle Ahmed''' **********Samakaab Ahmed''' ***********Aden Samakaab ***********Cigaal Samakaab *********Abokor Osman''' **********Ali Obokor''' *********** Naleye Ali *********** Samater Ali *********** Mohamed Ali ******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas)''' *******Xasan Maxamed''' ********Barre Xasan (Bare dalab)''' ********Baale Xasan (Reer Baale)''' ********Waceys Xasan''' *******Rooble Maxamed''' ********Alamagan Rooble (Reer Naaleeye)''' ********Boqore Rooble (reer Geedi)''' ********Ahmed Rooble (reer Foodcade)''' ******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab)''' ******Musa (Ase) Isaaq''' ******hussein muuse ******osman hussein ******mohamoud hussein ******Yeesif Isaaq *******Cabdale yaasif *******Idarays yaasif *******Muuse yaasif ******Abokor Isaaq *******Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) aadan ugaadh. Cabdale ugaadh. Siciid ugaadh. *******Hussein Aboko ********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada)''' ********lReer Looge''' ********Reer Xaamud''' ********Yuusuf Cismaan (Reer Yuusuf)''' ********Hadhiye Cismaan (Reer Hadhiye)''' ********Jibril Hussein''' *********Ismail Jibril''' **********Nuh Ismail''' ***********Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) ************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) ************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) ************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) ************Mohammed Yonis ***********Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) **********Said Ismail''' ***********Abdalla Said ************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) ************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) ************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) *************Benin Ahmed (Sultan Family) *************Sheikhton Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Sahal Ahmed *************Burale Ahmed *************Kul Ahmed **********Abdalla Ismail **********Ali Ismail **********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) **********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Yusuf Ismail *******Jibril Abokor ********Aden Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) ********Ali Jibril *********Omar Ali **********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) **********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) **********Adan Omar **********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) **********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) **********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) **********Ismail Omar ***********Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ***********Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ***********Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Higgis Ismail ***********Idris Ismail ***********Ollow Ismail ***********Samatar Ismail ***********Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Barre Ismail ************Hareed Barre (reer Xareed) ********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) *********Muuse Yonis **********Cabdi Muse Yonis *********Caraale yonis *********Caynaashe Yonis *********Urkurag Yonis **********Qayr Urkurag **********Adan Urkurag ***********Omar Adan ***********Ali Adan ***********Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Iidle Ali (Rer Iidle) ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Had Cali (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa *Mohamuud qaalib Cali Gudoomiyaha gudida horumarinta Hoodaale 2020/2025 == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> Ismail M. Abdi(Ismail Yahye). gcvde3dr97vnuzkg51pim7tnn06dykd 310731 310730 2026-10-22T19:50:34Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-56574-94|~2026-56574-94]] ([[User talk:~2026-56574-94|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:~2026-29841-78|~2026-29841-78]] 297678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habr Awal''', oo sidoo kale hadda loo yaqaan '''Subeer Awal''', islamarkaana mararka qaar loo qoro '''Zubeyr Awal''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Habar Awal, [[Carabi]]: هبر أول, Magaca Buuxa: Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), waa beesha ugu weyn uguna dadka badan qoyska weyn ee Isaaq, waxaana si dheeraad ah loogu kala qeybiyaa siddeed beel-hoosaad, kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan ayaa ah Sa'ad Musa iyo Issa Musa. Xubnahoodu waxay ka mid yihiin isbahaysiga Habr Magaadle. Habr Awal si dhaqameed waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada guuraaga ah, dadka xeebaha dega, ganacsatada, iyo beeraleyda. Habr Awal taariikh ahaan, siyaasiyan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] maanta, waxayna degan yihiin dhulal istiraatiiji ah oo xeebeed iyo kuwo bacrin leh. {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yoonis]], [[Muhammad]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) ****Maxamed Abokor ****Musa Abokor *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' ***Ciidagale ***Habar Yonis *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** Cabdiraxmaan (Habar Awal ) **** Sacad Muuse ****Ciise Muuse ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****Abdirahman Sa'ad ******Aadan Cabdiraxman ******Xasan Cabdiraxman *****'Abdalla Sa'ad ******Celi Cabdale ******Indhayare Cabdale''' *****Hassan Sa'ad''' ******Abdalla Hassan''' *****Isaaq Sa'ad''' ******Makahil Isaaq''' *******Nuh Makahil''' *******Abokor Makahil''' *******Cumar Makahil''' *******Mohammed Makahil''' *******Hassan Makahil''' ********Jibril Hassan''' ********Rooble Hassan''' ********Ali Hassan''' ********Osman Hassan''' ********Abokor Cismaan ******** Ali Abokor ********Naaleeye Ali ********Xildidiid Naaleeye ********Samatar Naaleeye ********Geedi Naaleeye ********Maxamed Xildiid ********Caraale Badeed *********Yonis Osman''' *********Mohamoud Osman''' *********Sugaal Osman''' *********Wacays Osman''' *********Liibaan Osman''' *********cabdalle Osman''' ********** Guuleed Cabdlle''' ********* Ahmed Osman''' **********Cabanne Ahmed''' **********Cabdalle Ahmed''' **********Samakaab Ahmed''' ***********Aden Samakaab ***********Cigaal Samakaab *********Abokor Osman''' **********Ali Obokor''' *********** Naleye Ali *********** Samater Ali *********** Mohamed Ali ******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas)''' *******Xasan Maxamed''' ********Barre Xasan (Bare dalab)''' ********Baale Xasan (Reer Baale)''' ********Waceys Xasan''' *******Rooble Maxamed''' ********Alamagan Rooble (Reer Naaleeye)''' ********Boqore Rooble (reer Geedi)''' ********Ahmed Rooble (reer Foodcade)''' ******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab)''' ******Musa (Ase) Isaaq''' ******Yeesif Isaaq *******Cabdale yaasif *******Idarays yaasif *******Muuse yaasif ******Abokor Isaaq *******Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) aadan ugaadh. Cabdale ugaadh. Siciid ugaadh. *******Hussein Aboko ********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada)''' ********lReer Looge''' ********Reer Xaamud''' ********Yuusuf Cismaan (Reer Yuusuf)''' ********Hadhiye Cismaan (Reer Hadhiye)''' ********Jibril Hussein''' *********Ismail Jibril''' **********Nuh Ismail''' ***********Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) ************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) ************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) ************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) ************Mohammed Yonis ***********Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) **********Said Ismail''' ***********Abdalla Said ************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) ************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) ************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) *************Benin Ahmed (Sultan Family) *************Sheikhton Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Sahal Ahmed *************Burale Ahmed *************Kul Ahmed **********Abdalla Ismail **********Ali Ismail **********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) **********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Yusuf Ismail *******Jibril Abokor ********Aden Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) ********Ali Jibril *********Omar Ali **********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) **********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) **********Adan Omar **********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) **********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) **********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) **********Ismail Omar ***********Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ***********Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ***********Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Higgis Ismail ***********Idris Ismail ***********Ollow Ismail ***********Samatar Ismail ***********Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Barre Ismail ************Hareed Barre (reer Xareed) ********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) *********Muuse Yonis **********Cabdi Muse Yonis *********Caraale yonis *********Caynaashe Yonis *********Urkurag Yonis **********Qayr Urkurag **********Adan Urkurag ***********Omar Adan ***********Ali Adan ***********Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Iidle Ali (Rer Iidle) ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Had Cali (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa *Mohamuud qaalib Cali Gudoomiyaha gudida horumarinta Hoodaale 2020/2025 == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> Ismail M. Abdi(Ismail Yahye). 4khqsvyl8hrqev33aenfnqzdqb07h4m 310732 310731 2026-10-22T19:50:53Z Isma4l 41797 La ilaaliyay "[[Haber Awal]]": Ku daridda [[WP:Xaqiijin|nuxur aan lahayn ilo ama ilo liita]] ([Wax ka badal=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn) [Wareeji=​U ogolow kaliya isticmaalayaasha la xaqiijiyay] (aan xad lahayn)) 297678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habr Awal''', oo sidoo kale hadda loo yaqaan '''Subeer Awal''', islamarkaana mararka qaar loo qoro '''Zubeyr Awal''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Habar Awal, [[Carabi]]: هبر أول, Magaca Buuxa: Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad), waa beesha ugu weyn uguna dadka badan qoyska weyn ee Isaaq, waxaana si dheeraad ah loogu kala qeybiyaa siddeed beel-hoosaad, kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan ayaa ah Sa'ad Musa iyo Issa Musa. Xubnahoodu waxay ka mid yihiin isbahaysiga Habr Magaadle. Habr Awal si dhaqameed waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada guuraaga ah, dadka xeebaha dega, ganacsatada, iyo beeraleyda. Habr Awal taariikh ahaan, siyaasiyan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] maanta, waxayna degan yihiin dhulal istiraatiiji ah oo xeebeed iyo kuwo bacrin leh. {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yoonis]], [[Muhammad]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq) ** ''Habr Jeclo'' *** Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo) *** Muuse (Habr Jeclo) ****Maxamed Abokor ****Musa Abokor *** Ibrahiim (Sanbuur) *** Muxammad ('Ibraan) ** ''Habr Magaadle'' ***Ciidagale ***Habar Yonis *** Ayuub *** Muxammad (Arap) *** Cabdiraxmaan (Habar Awal ) **** Sacad Muuse ****Ciise Muuse ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****Abdirahman Sa'ad ******Aadan Cabdiraxman ******Xasan Cabdiraxman *****'Abdalla Sa'ad ******Celi Cabdale ******Indhayare Cabdale''' *****Hassan Sa'ad''' ******Abdalla Hassan''' *****Isaaq Sa'ad''' ******Makahil Isaaq''' *******Nuh Makahil''' *******Abokor Makahil''' *******Cumar Makahil''' *******Mohammed Makahil''' *******Hassan Makahil''' ********Jibril Hassan''' ********Rooble Hassan''' ********Ali Hassan''' ********Osman Hassan''' ********Abokor Cismaan ******** Ali Abokor ********Naaleeye Ali ********Xildidiid Naaleeye ********Samatar Naaleeye ********Geedi Naaleeye ********Maxamed Xildiid ********Caraale Badeed *********Yonis Osman''' *********Mohamoud Osman''' *********Sugaal Osman''' *********Wacays Osman''' *********Liibaan Osman''' *********cabdalle Osman''' ********** Guuleed Cabdlle''' ********* Ahmed Osman''' **********Cabanne Ahmed''' **********Cabdalle Ahmed''' **********Samakaab Ahmed''' ***********Aden Samakaab ***********Cigaal Samakaab *********Abokor Osman''' **********Ali Obokor''' *********** Naleye Ali *********** Samater Ali *********** Mohamed Ali ******Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas)''' *******Xasan Maxamed''' ********Barre Xasan (Bare dalab)''' ********Baale Xasan (Reer Baale)''' ********Waceys Xasan''' *******Rooble Maxamed''' ********Alamagan Rooble (Reer Naaleeye)''' ********Boqore Rooble (reer Geedi)''' ********Ahmed Rooble (reer Foodcade)''' ******Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab)''' ******Musa (Ase) Isaaq''' ******Yeesif Isaaq *******Cabdale yaasif *******Idarays yaasif *******Muuse yaasif ******Abokor Isaaq *******Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) aadan ugaadh. Cabdale ugaadh. Siciid ugaadh. *******Hussein Aboko ********Osman Hussein (Cismaannada)''' ********lReer Looge''' ********Reer Xaamud''' ********Yuusuf Cismaan (Reer Yuusuf)''' ********Hadhiye Cismaan (Reer Hadhiye)''' ********Jibril Hussein''' *********Ismail Jibril''' **********Nuh Ismail''' ***********Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) ************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) ************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) ************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) ************Mohammed Yonis ***********Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) **********Said Ismail''' ***********Abdalla Said ************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) ************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) ************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) *************Benin Ahmed (Sultan Family) *************Sheikhton Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Sahal Ahmed *************Burale Ahmed *************Kul Ahmed **********Abdalla Ismail **********Ali Ismail **********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) **********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Yusuf Ismail *******Jibril Abokor ********Aden Jibril (Bahaabar Adan) ********Ali Jibril *********Omar Ali **********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) **********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) **********Adan Omar **********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) **********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) **********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) **********Ismail Omar ***********Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ***********Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ***********Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Higgis Ismail ***********Idris Ismail ***********Ollow Ismail ***********Samatar Ismail ***********Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Barre Ismail ************Hareed Barre (reer Xareed) ********Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis) *********Muuse Yonis **********Cabdi Muse Yonis *********Caraale yonis *********Caynaashe Yonis *********Urkurag Yonis **********Qayr Urkurag **********Adan Urkurag ***********Omar Adan ***********Ali Adan ***********Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Iidle Ali (Rer Iidle) ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Had Cali (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa *Mohamuud qaalib Cali Gudoomiyaha gudida horumarinta Hoodaale 2020/2025 == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> Ismail M. Abdi(Ismail Yahye). 4khqsvyl8hrqev33aenfnqzdqb07h4m 310733 310732 2026-10-22T20:00:48Z Isma4l 41797 Hagaaji 310733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Habar Awal | type = [[Isaaq|Beesha Isaaq]] | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Kenya]] | descended = [[Isxaaq bin Axmed]] | parent_tribe = [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] | branches = Ciise Muuse:<br /> *Abokor Ciise *Aadan Ciise *Idris Ciise *Maxamed Ciise Sacad Muuse:<br /> *Cabdixmaan Sacad *Cabdalle Sacad *Xasan Sacad *Isxaaq Sacad | language = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | image = Sultan Abdulrahman Deria.png | caption = Suldaankii Habar Awal Suldaan [[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabdiraxmaan Suldaan Diiriye]] oo jooga London 1955 si uu u codsado Deegaanka Xood ee la xannibay }} '''Habar Awal''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Subeyr Awal''' ama {{langx|so|Habar Awal}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |access-date=15 June 2016|author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah qoys-beeleedyada ugu waaweyn beel-weynta [[Isaaq]], waxayna sii kala tirsan tahay siddeed hoos-qaybood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]] iyo [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]]. Xubnaheedu waxay qayb ka yihiin isbahaysiga Habar Magadle. Habar Awal dhaqan ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqato [[Nomadic pastoralism|reer guuraa ah]], dad [[coastal|xeebaha degan]], [[merchants|ganacsato]] iyo [[farmers|beeraley]]. Waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkaa inay yihiin qabiil hodan ku ah geeska Afrika oo door weliba ka qaatay xornimada Somaliland.<ref name="Habar Awal richest Somali clan">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StAUAQAAIAAJ&q=Habar+Awal+richest+somali+tribe |title = Historical dictionary of Somalia|isbn = 9780810808300|last1 = Castagno|first1 = Margaret|year = 1975| publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> Habar Awal waa kuwo siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ahaan saameyn ku leh [[Somaliland]] iyo guud ahaan [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], waxayna degan yihiin dhulal xeebeed iyo kuwo beereed istiraatiiji ah.<ref name="Habar Awal dominates Somaliland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |title=One clan domination is complete in Somaliland |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909092044/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Habar Awal dominate Somaliland">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=habar+awal+dominate+somaliland&pg=PA135 |title = Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|isbn = 9789004222540|last1 = Renders|first1 = Marleen|date = 2012-01-20| publisher=BRILL }}</ref> ==Qaybinta== [[File:Habr Awal in Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Somaliland]] oo muujinaysa qaybinta beesha Habar Awal ee bartamaha iyo bariga Somaliland]] Beesha Habar Awal waxay inta badan ku tahay aqlabiyad gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] oo loo arko gobolka ugu dadka badan [[Somaliland]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu dadka badan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ka dib degmada [[Banaadir]]. Waxay ka mid yihiin aqlabiyadda dadka ku nool caasimadda qaranka [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] hamigooduna si gaar ah ayuu u degaa magaalooyinka beeraha ee [[Gabiley]], [[Wajaale]], [[Arabsiyo]], iyo [[Kalabaydh]]. Habar Awal sidoo kale waxay ku badan yihiin gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]], gaar ahaan caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada dekedda weyn ee [[Berbera]], magaalada dalxiiska ee [[El-Sheikh|Sheikh Suuq], magaalada dekedda taariikhiga ah ee [[Bulhar]], magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Sheikh, Somalia|Sheekh]] iyo sidoo kale [[Daarbuduq]]. Beesha sidoo kale qayb ahaan waxay degtaa qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada caasimadda ah ee [[Burao|Burco]] ee gobolka [[Togdheer]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ainabo%22|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref> Meel ka baxsan Somaliland, Habar Awal waxay sidoo kale deegaanno waaweyn ku leeyihiin [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]] halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin aqlabiyad magaalooyinka [[Harshin (woreda)|Xarshin]], [[Hart Sheik]], iyo [[Wajaale]] (Dhinaca Itoobiya). Waxay sidoo kale degaan oo xuduud la leeyihiin [[Kebri Beyah (woreda)|Geri Baay]] iyo [[Jijiga (woreda)|Jigjiga]] ee [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]]. Waxay sidoo kale degmo ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Kenya]] halkaas oo looga yaqaano qayb ka mid ah bulshada Isaxaaqiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=awal+settlement|title= Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63|last1= Omaar|first1= Rakiya|last2= Waal|first2= Alexander De|last3= McGrath|first3= Rae|last4= (Organization)|first4= African Rights|year= 1993}} |</ref> Ugu dambeyntii waxay joogitaan ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], iyagoo ka samaynaya boqolkiiba badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] dhexdeedana taariikh ahaan waxay degeen Degmada 3-aad, oo ahayd mid ka mid ah 7-da degmo ee waaweyn ee Jabuuti.<ref name="Habar Awal territory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf/|title = Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=habr+awal+live+in++awdal |title= I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy|isbn= 9780852552803|last1= Lewis|first1= I. M.|year= 1999|publisher= James Currey Publishers}}</ref> == Abtirsiimada == [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]] waa qof khuraafaad taariikhi ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |date=March 1962 |title=Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700002723 |issn=1469-5138 |quote=Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history...|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en |quote=Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA105 |title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society |date=1994 |publisher=The Red Sea Press |isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diop |first=Samba |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=8zyBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition |last2=Diop |first2=Papa Samba |date=1995 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9031-4 |pages=170 |language=en |quote=Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"}}</ref> oo la sheego inuu yimid Geeska Afrika si uu Islaamka u faafiyo qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo Somaliland ku noolaa kuwaas oo uga tagay siddeed wiil, mid ka mid ahna uu ahaa Cabdiraxmaan (Awal). Faracyada siddeedaas wiil waxay ka kooban yihiin qoys-beeleedka Isaaq.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> Qabriga Subeyr Awal, oo ah awowgii asaasaha ahaa ee Habr Awal ee [[Isaaq]], wuxuu ku yaalaa [[Jidali]] ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] kaas oo u jira qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee qabrigii awowgiis Sheekh [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]], oo ah aabahii aasaasaha ahaa ee beesha [[Isaaq]], kaas oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Maydh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiir |date=2014-08-03 |title=Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal |url=https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Geeska Afrika Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-23 |title=DAAWO; Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey |url=http://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=19418 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=WAJAALE NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay {{!}} Hubaal Media |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106120001/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.hubaalmedia.net}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== ===Xilligii Dhexe (Qabsashadii Xabashida)=== Taariikh ahaan, Habr Awal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] waxaana lagu sheegay buugga caanka ah ee "[[Futuh al-Habasha]]" tabarucaadoodii waaweynaa ee [[Ethiopian-Adal war|dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]] iyagoo ah Habr Magaadle oo ay weheliyaan Habar Yoonis, Arab, Ayuub iyo Ciidagale oo ka soo horjeeday [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]], iyo sidoo kale soo saarista shakhsi taariikhi ah oo lagu magacaabo Axmed Gari bin Xuseen kaas oo ahaa gacanta midig ee [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo taliye ciidan oo ka tirsanaa ciidamada Habr Magaadle intii uu socday dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Cadal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref> ===Sacad Muuse=== {{main|Sa'ad Musa}} [[File:Warsame Yunis.png|thumb|right|Warsame Yuunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] [[File:First footsteps in East Africa, or, An exploration of Harar (1904) (14586268478).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]], Amiirkii [[Harar|Harar]] iyo xulafo la ah Habr Awal]] Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badan sabab macaan oo ay ku leeyihiin dekedda weyn ee Soomaaliyeed ee [[Berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda iyo deegaanka ugu weyn ee beesha Habr Awal intii lagu guda jiray xilligii casriga ahaa ee hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reerahmednuux.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/piece-of-berbera-history-reer-ahmed-nuh-ismail/ |title=Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail |website=wordpress.com|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Beesha waxay xiriir adag la lahayd [[Emirate of Harar|Saldanadda Harar]] amiiraduna waxay Habr Awal ku ixtiraami jireen maxkamadooda iyadoo [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] uu xusay saameyntooda maxkamadda Amiir [[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadaladii uu la lahaa [[Vizier|Wasiirka]] Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 238}}</ref> <blockquote>Habr Awal guud ahaan waa dad hodan ah, inta badan waxaa u sabab ah ganacsiga soo mara dekedda Berbera oo ku taal dhulka Sacad Muuse. <ref>{{cite book|title= Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5 |date=1969|pages=24|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Habankan beelaha deegaanka ee uu maraayo ganacsiga weyn ama jidadka ganacsigu waxay aruuriyeen hanti badan, halka kuwa sida Reer Axmed (Ayal Ahmed), oo nasiib u yeeshay inay yeeshaan deked uu dabiicigu u hiiliyay sida Berbera, ay si dabiici ah uga dambaysay inay hodmaan.<ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Paulitschke map of Somaliland and the interior.png|thumb|300px|Khariidaddii Paulitschke oo daboolaysa waddooyinka ganacsiga muhiimka ah 1898]] [[File:Sketch Map of Northern Somali Land.png|thumb|300px|right|Waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gala Berbera iyadoo 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) ay ku sugan yihiin Berbera dhexdeeda iyo hareeraheeda iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran oo lala lahaa ganacsatada Carabta iyo Hindiya ee ka imaanayay [[Arabia|Carabtii]] iyo [[Indian subcontinent|Hindiya]]. Markii ganacsatadan ajnabiga ahi ay yimaadeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulhar]] si ay ganacsi u sameeyaan, waxaa jiray nidaam faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan nidaamka abban (ilaalin) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo Reer Yuusuf Nuux (Ayal Yuusuf) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayal Axmed) ee Sacad Muuse, Habr Awal: <blockquote>Ka hor intaanan la gaarin arrintan, iyo ka hor intaanu deggenaanshaha Ingiriisku ka dhicin Cadan 1839, Reer Yuusuf Nuux iyo Reer Axmed Nuux ee Habr Awal waxay haysteen Berbera waxayna si wadajir ah u maamulayeen ganacsigeeda, iyagoo la qaybsanayay faa'iidada dhammaan hawlaha ganacsiga iyagoo ah 'ilaaliyaal' (abban) ee ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee ka timid Carabta iyo Hindiya. Markii dhiirigelinta horumarka Cadan ay dekeddu si weyn u korodhay, Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo tiro ahaan badnaa waxay ceyriyeen ehelladoodii la tartamayay waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay iyagu yihiin madaxda ganacsiga ee Berbera. Tani waxay keentay dagaal qabiil oo dhinac walba uu raadsaday caawimaad dibedda ah; Reer Axmed Nuux ee laga adkaaday waxay u jeesteen Xaaji Shirmarke Cali iyo ehelladoodii Habar Yoonis si ay u helaan taageero. Taageeradaas ka dib, waxay awoodeen inay dib isu dhisaan oo ay ceyriyaan Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo u guuray dekedda yar ee Bulhar, dhanka galbeed ee Berbera.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I.M.|title= The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State |date=1965|publisher=Praeger|pages=35|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Berbera, 1884.png|thumb|300px|Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Habr Awal keligood ma martigelin ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee dekedahooda, balse waxay juga iyo ku mareen maraakiibtooda u gaarka ah hawlo ganacsi oo ay ku tageen dekedaha Carabta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pankhurst|first1=R.|title=Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1|date=1965|pages=45|publisher=Institute of Ethiopian Studies|language=en}}</ref> Inta badan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tegi jiray Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabta waxay ka soo jeedeen beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka soo qaadeen alaabooyin ceeriin oo kala duwan oo ka yimid Harar iyo gudaha dalka iyagoo ku beddelanayay alaabo la farsameeyay. Intii ay halkaas joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryahooda oo ay shaqo geliyeen adeegayaashooda, halka qabiilooyinka kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u badnaayeen inay la degaan qaraabo horay uga dhisnaa dhanka gacanka. ជនជាតិ. — Waa kuwo inta badan ka tirsan beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harar iyo dalka Galla, qaxwo, saffron, foolmaroodi (ivory), iyo baalasha, iyagoo ka qaata beddelkeeda zinc, naxaas, dhar ballaaran, iyo alaabooyin goosgoos ah. Waxay Cadan joogaan ilaa labaatan maalmood hal mar xilliga ganacsiga, kaas oo socda ilaa sagaal bilood, iyagoo sameeya afar safar. Intii ay deegaanka joogaan waxay kireystaan guri, waxaana la socda adeegayaashooda.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Frederick|title=An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia|date=1877|publisher=Cengage Gale|pages=41|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Street in Bulhar.png|thumb|300px|Waddo ku taal [[Bulhar]]]] Gudaha dalka, safarrada ganacsiga ee Habr Awal (khafilas) waxay ahaayeen kuwo si joogto ah loo arko sida ay sheegayaan warbixinnada Yurub ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan Gacanka Soomaalida: <blockquote>Markii ka soo amba baxnay Hargeisa waxaan u safraynay maylal badan oo dhex maraya dhul qurux badan oo park u eg, oo ay ka buuxaan shimbiraha iyo digaagga duurjoogta ah. Waxaan la kulannay safarradii caadiga ahaa ee Soomaaliyeed ee khafilas [safarrada ganacsiga] ee raggii Habr-Awal, iyagoo wada haragooda, gunka, subagga, iyo qaxwaha oo ay u wadaan dekeddayada Bulhar, oo u dhaxaysa Berbera iyo Zeyla.<ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote> Soomaalida ka timid gudaha fog, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimid [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeenya]], waxay sidoo kale ka heleen inta badan agabkooda ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay u yaqaaneen "iidoor", taas oo ahayd eedeyn macno leh oo macnaheedu yahay [[merchant|ganacsade]] ama dillaal, taas oo ahayd tixraac ku aaddan dabeecadda ganacsi ee ganacsatada Habr Awal xilligaas.<ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Habr Awal xeebaha (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah u noqdeen dillaaliin u ah qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee raba inay alaabtooda geeyaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar: <blockquote>Caadadu waxay tahay in Reer Axmed (qabiilka Berbera) ay u dhaqmaan sidii dillaaliin, oo inta badan faa'iidada badankeeda ay ku dhegganaato gacanta dillaalka. Ilaa dhawaan ma jirin Ogaadeen waligiis tagay xeebta, balse alaabta waxay ku aamineen ganacsatada xeebta.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Dublin Review, Volume 98|date=1886|pages=176|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Dagaalkii Berbera ==== {{Main|Battle of Berbera 1827}} [[File:Habr Awal Warriors.png|thumb|300px|Dagaalyahannada Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal oo u diyaargaroobaya dagaal ka dhacay u dhow [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]]]] Markii markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne'' uu isku dayay inuu ku xirto dekedda Berbera 1825 waxaa weeraray oo laayay xubno badan oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] waxay fuliyeen xayiraad waxaana qaar ka mid ah xisaabaadka ay sheegayaan duqeyn ka dhacday magaalada.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70">{{cite book|title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience|year=1977|page=70|isbn=9780226467917|publisher=9780226467917|first=David D.|last=Laitin}}</ref> 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingiriisku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna bixiyay dalab lagu dejinayo xayiraadda oo joojisay ganacsiga faa'iidada badan ee Berbera beddelkeeda magdhow. Ka dib taladan bilowgii [[Battle of Berbera 1827|Dagaalkii Berbera 1827]] wuxuu qarxay. Ka dib guuldarradii Habr Awal, 15,000 [[Spanish dollars|doolarka Isbanishka]] ayaa ay ahayd in ay bixiyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo dhimashada dadka.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70"/> [[Isaaq Sultanate|Suldaanka Isaaq]] [[Farah Guled|Faarax Garaad Guuleed]] iyo Xaaji Cali waxay u qoreen warqad [[Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi|Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi]] oo ka tirsan [[Ras Al Khaimah]] iyagoo ka codsanaya caawimaad millatari iyo dagaal diimeed oo wadajir ah oo ka dhan ah Ingiriiska.<ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٧|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Tani ma aysan rumoobin maaddaama Suldaan Saqr uu curyaamiyay [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|ololihii Gacanka Persia ee 1919]] mana uusan awoodin inuu caawimaad u diro Berbera. Marka laga reebo xaruntooda Gacanka Persia & Gacanka Cumaan, Qasimi waxay aad uga dhex muuqdeen dhanka millatariga iyo dhaqaalaha labadaba [[Gulf of Aden|Gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka illaa [[Mocha, Yemen|Mukha]] ee [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820|first=Charles E.|last=Davies|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=1997|page=167|isbn=9780859895095}}</ref> Waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo badan oo ay la lahaayeen [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], taasoo keentay in maraakiibta ka timid Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Persian Gulf|Gacanka Persia]] ay si joogto ah u xaadiraan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Zeila|Zeyla]] isla markaana ay aad u aqoon fiican u lahaayeen Isaaq.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965718|year=1965|first=Richard|last=Pankhurst|issue= 1|volume= 3|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|pages=36–81|jstor=41965718}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٢|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Natiijo ahaan, Beesha Habar Awal waxay heshiis ilaalin ah la saxiixatay [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] 14 Luulyo 1884. Habr Awal waxay sii waday inay yeelato heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh oo ay la leeyihiin xiriiradooda ajnabiga ah, kuwaas oo tiro badan ay sidoo kale ku hoos jireen xukunka Ingiriiska ee dalalkooda. Ingiriisku wuxuu ka aasaasay caasimadda [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] [[Berbera]], balse markii dambe caasimadda ay u rari doonaan [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] 1941.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=755848|title=The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute|journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=5|year=1956|pages=245–264|author=D. J. Latham Brown|issue=2|doi=10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245}}</ref> ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== ==== U Guurista Koonfureed ee Xeebta illaa Gudaha Dalka ==== [[File:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa (right).jpg|thumb|left|200 px|[[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] (midig), aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]], oo uu sawiray 1912 Ralph E Brockman]] Bartamihii qarnigii 19th Hargeisa iyo deegaanka ku xeeran waxay ahaayeen goob kulul oo ay ka taagan yihiin muranno qabiil iyadoo duullaanno lagu samaynayay safarro isku dayaya inay maraan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of African Languages |date=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=40}}</ref> Madar oo ay weheliyaan sheekhyada kale ee Suufiyada waxay Aasaaseen ''Jama'a Weyn'' ama ''jamcadda weyn'' ee Hargeysa. Jamcadda cusub waxay raacday nidaamkii 900-sano jirka ahaa ee [[Qadiriyya]] ee uu aas-aasay Shaykh-a caanka ah [[Abdul Qadir Gilani|Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani]] waxayna soo bandhigtay dhaqamo cusub oo Hargeysa u horseeday waddada ay ku noqon lahayd magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu weyn [[Somaliland]] iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu dadka badan ee Soomaali degto ilaa maanta.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Abdullahi |first1=Abdurahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar |title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 |date=2017-09-18 |publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers |isbn=9781909112797 |page=80}}</ref> Hargeisa iyo deegaankeedu waxay lahaayeen carro ku habboon iyo biyo ku filan oo loogu talagalay beeraha balse xoolo-dhaqatadu ma aysan ka faa'iidaysan xaqiiqadan. Madar oo ay la socdeen hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee ''Jam'a Weyn'' waxay soo bandhigeen beerashada [[sorghum|masagada]] iyo dhismaha cusub ee guryaha joogtada ah iyo abuurista masaajiddiisa weyn 1883.<ref name="auto3" /> Sheekh waxaa kale oo saarnaa masuuliyadda hoggaaminta salaadaha jaamacadda ee baryada ah [[Allah|Alle]] ee roobka ee cibaadada loo yaqaano ''roobdoon''.<ref name="auto5">{{cite book |last=Mire |first=Sada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6nODwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar+shrine+hargeisa&pg=PA153 |title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa |date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138368507 |page=151}}</ref> Sheekh Madar iyo Suldaan Isaaq [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] waxay ku kulmeen banaanka Hargeisa 1870 si ay uga wada hadlaan arrimaha ku saabsan magaalada cusub waxayna ku heshiiyeen in ugaarsiga iyo goynta geedaha agagaarka ah la mamnuuco.<ref>{{cite book |last=WSP Transition Programme |first=War-torn Societies Project |title=Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1 |publisher=Red Sea Press |year=2005 |page=214}}</ref> Laanta Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal waxay billowday inay degto Hargeysa iyadoo hoos imaanaysa ilaalinta Madar iyo Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye]] waxayna si farxad leh u qaateen hababka cusub ee beeraha. ''Jama'a'' waxay samaysay udub dhexaad soo jiitay reer guuraaga kale inay yimaadaan oo degaan magaalada soo koraysa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain |first=War Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Official+History+of+the+Operations+in+Somaliland,+1901-04,+Volume+1 |title=Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |year=1907 |isbn=9780344344800 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Sidoo kale, khilaafaadkii qabiilka waa la yareeyay maaddaama bulshada cusub ay ku guulaysatay inay ku midoobto aqoonsi diimeed oo la wadaago halkii ay si adag ugu salaysnaan lahayd saldhig qabiil oo dhaqameed. Iyadoo Sheekh uu ku guuleystay hawsha loo igmaday ee uu ka helay macallinkiisa Sheekh Kabiir. Hogaamiyayaasha diinta ee ''Jama'a'' waxay isku qaadeen inay naafada deegaanka ku hoos jiraan daryeelkooda.<ref name="auto3" /> ====U Ololeynta Xornimada [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]]==== Sannadkii 1955, [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]] wuxuu xubin ka ahaa wafdi ka kooban 4 siyaasiyiin iyo suldanno ah oo aaday [[London]], [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]]. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la codsado oo lagu cadaadiyo Dowladda Ingiriiska inay soo celiso dhulkii heshiiska ee lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' ee loo dhiibay [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] intii uu socday heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Mohamed |first1=Jama |title=Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960 |date=2002 |publisher=The English Historical Review |language=en}}</ref> Buugga ''Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jama Mohamed wuxuu qorayaa: <blockquote>N.U.F. waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka labada Somaliland iyo dibadda. March 1955, tusaale ahaan, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir waxay aadeen Muqdisho si ay u helaan taageerada iyo iskaashiga kooxaha waddaniyadda ee Soomaaliya. Febraayo iyo May 1955 wafdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ([[Abdillahi Deria|Suldaan Cabdilaahi Suldaan Diiriye]], iyo [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]]), iyo laba siyaasi oo muxaafid ah oo reer Galbeedka wax bartay (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Xali Maxamed Dubeh) waxay boqdeen London iyo New York. Safarkoodii London, waxay si rasmi ah u kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arrinta Xoghayaha Dawladda u qaabilsan Gumeysiga, Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali ee 1885. Heshiisyada hoostooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay qaadatay inaysan marnaba bixin, iibin, dhigan ama si kale u siin shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb ka mid ah dhulka ay degaan iyagu ama hoos imaanaya xakamayntooda'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya hoos imaanaysa heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897'. Heshiiskaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid 'isku dhacaya' heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali 'ee mudnaanta lahaa waqtiga' ka hor heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897[.] Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay ka badbadisay awoodeeda markii ay soo gabagabeysay Heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... Heshiiskii 1897 ma ahayn mid ku waajib ah qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdilaahi wuxuu sidoo kale ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn dadka Soomaaliyeed' maaddaama aan loo sheegin wadaxaajodka, iyo maaddaama Dowladda Ingiriisku ay maamulaysay deegaanka tan iyo 1941. Wufuuddu waxay codsadeen, sida uu sheegay Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan, in dib loo dhigo hirgelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafuudda waqti ay kiiskooda ku soo bandhigaan' Baarlamaanka iyo ururada caalamiga ah.<ref name="auto"/></blockquote> ===Ciise Muuse=== {{main|Issa Musa}} [[File:Ahmed Amar.png|thumb|Axmed Camar oo 23 jir ah oo ka tirsan Ciise Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte 1890]] Taariikh ahaan, Ciise Muuse waxay isticmaaleen [[Camel train|safarka]] [[trade|ganacsiga]] ee aadka u qiimaha badan ee ku yaal [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay dakhli ka heleen safarrada imanaya suuqyada magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Berbera]]. Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay soo rogaan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 unug oo ana ah halkii geel ee ay ku raran yihiin alaab.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |language=de}}</ref><blockquote>Ciise Muuse, oo aagga daaqaagu uu yahay bannaanka xeebta, waxay sidoo kale soo saaraan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 anas (qiyaastii 48 pfennigs) oo ka timaada safarrada dromedarka raran iyo 1 ana id kasta iyo riy kasta, taas oo ka timaada qabiilooyinka kale ka dib Suuqyada laga keeni doono Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |pages=228 |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>Sahamiyaha iyo juqraafiga Talyaaniga [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti|Luigi Robecchi Brichetti]] wuxuu lahaa hadal la mid ah dhanka ganacsiga safarka ee qiimaha leh, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku xusay Reer Axmed ee la xiriira ee Habar Awal - kuwaas oo haystay cinwaanka ah Abban ee Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmad&pg=PA74 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |isbn=9780705415002 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Bricchetti, Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay helaan dakhli uga mahadcelinaya taraafikada safarka mashquulka badan ee galaya & ka baxaya magaalada xeebta iyo taariikhiga ah ee Berbera<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |language=it}}</ref><blockquote>Waxay u gudbaan sida xoolo-dhaqatada geel ee xirfadda leh iyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha safarka ee caqliga leh [Ayal Achmed]. Sidoo kale waa qoysaska kala duwan ee Ciise Muuse, oo ku nool ganacsiga safarka ee Ogaadeenya, iyagoo kor u kacaya Uebi [Webi] oo raacaya waddada Faf (Fafan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |pages=632 |language=it}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Aasaaskii Saldanadda Ciise Muuse ==== Geeridii Diriiye kadib, wiilkiisii Cabdiraxmaan ayaa la Caleemo Saaray wuxuuna ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habar Awal ee isu bixiya 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaad. Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis balse wuxuu aad uga firfircoonaa arrimaha xannaanada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Milman |first=Brock |title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9780415717458 |page=79}}</ref> Markii Ciidagale ay isku dayeen inay dhacaan Ciise Muuse, wiil uu dhalay Suldaankii Habar Yoonis ayaa ku biiray duullaanka oo markii la cayrsaday raggiisii waa la dilay. Suldaankii Habar Yoonis wuxuu u yimid Cabdiraxmaan si uu u xalliyo muranka wuxuuna rabay inuu ku qasbo Ciise Muuse inay bixiyaan [[diyya|mag]] wiilka Suldaanka. Sida uu qabo [[xeer|xeerka]] dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed mag Lama bixiyo marka qof lagu dilo is-difaacid. Sidaas darteed Ciise Muuse way diideen waxayna ku dhufteen gaashaanadoodii iyagoo diidaya xukunka Cabdiraxmaan.<ref name="Progressio">{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=206}}</ref> Cismaan Haariyey oo ahaa gabyaa ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|geeraarkan]] soo socda oo muujinaya ixtiraamkiisa balse diidaya Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan. Intaas ka dib Ciise Muuse way baxeen waxayna u ambabaxeen inay caleemo saaraan Suldaankoodii ugu horreeyay, Suldaan Koshin 1949 taas oo calaamad u ahayd xornimadooda ay ka heleen walaalahooda Sacad Muuse ee waaweyn.<ref name="Progressio"/> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya |attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>| Ninka hantida ku taagan Ee masagada gurta Ninka dhimashada qoda Iyo kuwa geela ilaaliya Haddaba Suldaan ka fikir Way heshiin karaan? Suldaanow ku ma ay cayin Mana ahayn inaan ku canaanto Ma daynayo inaan ceeb kaa magdhabo Mana filayo hanti xaggaaga ah Ixtiraamka aan ku siineyno Gabdhaha dhalinyarada ah ee quruxda badan Marnaba kaama qaadan doonno Rag sidaada oo kale ah Ee aan caleenta saarnay boqor ahaan Way dib u dhigayaan Dadkii Muuse Subeer}} ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== Ciise Muuse waxay soo saareen tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaad caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed iyadoo Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah]], iyo tan ugu caansan Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]] & Madaxweynihii labaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo hoggaamiyay protectorate-kii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] xornimada Luulyo 1960 si loo dhiso [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]]. Ilaa maanta, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii keliya ee ah Isaaq ah oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somali National Flag Flying in Hargeisa 26th June 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Calanka Soomaaliya oo ka Lalnaya Hargeysa 26 Juun 1960: Calanka Cad iyo Buluugga ah ee Soomaaliya intii lagu guda jiray dabaaldegyadii Xornimada ee [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Xornimada]] 26 Juun 1960 Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] ee [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] wuxuu salaamay calanka.]] 26kii Juun 1960 Cigaal wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] ee xornimada helay dhowaan, kaas oo shan maalmood ka dib la midoobay [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] ee hore si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida 1 Luulyo 1960. Codsashada ugu muhiimsan, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]] waxay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen hoos ilaa kor hoos timaad xukunka muhiimka ah ee [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]]. Intii uu socday muddadiisa 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu ahaa [[President of Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu hub ka dhig ku sameeyo kooxaha fallaagada ah ee deegaanka, xasillooniyo dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, isla markaana uu ka dhisay xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn oo lala yeeshay dalal shisheeye. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay [[Somaliland shilling|shillingka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo calan cusub oo dib loo naqshadeeyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal wuxuu abuuray [[Military of Somaliland|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]], oo ah ciidanka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waxtarka badan ee ka jiray tan iyo intii la kala diray [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glickman |first1=Harvey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQIwAQAAIAAJ&q=habar+awal+snm |title=Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217 |year=1995 |publisher=African Studies Assoc. Press |isbn=9780918456748}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif).jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] "Jidhif", oo caan ku ah duullaankiisa qabsashada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Zeila|Zeyla]] dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii magaca [[Somali National Movement|SNM]].]] === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed === [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa urur fallaago ah oo ka jiray 1980-meeyadii illaa 1990-meeyadii. SNM-tii 1981 ee lagu aas-aasay [[London]] waxay dooratay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]] oo ka tirsanaa beesha Habar Awal guddoomiyaheedii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in ujeeddada cad ee ururku ay ahayd in la rido nidaamkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee [[military regime|maamulka millatariga]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ururisay saldhiggeeda ugu weyn ee taageerada xubnaha beesha Isaaq, oo dhisay oo taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sanado badan oo takoor nidaamsan ah oo ay geysatay dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Taliye ahaan qaybta 99aad, Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) wuxuu sidoo kale ka dhisay [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] saldhig millatari oo ku yaal [[Zeila|Zeyla]] halkaas oo [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] ay ka qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah waxayna si guul leh uga adkaatay isku day ay sameeyeen xoogagga millatariga ee USF ee daacadda u ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] kuwaas oo isku dayay inay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​dhicitaankii [[Military Junta|Dowladdii Milatariga]] ee Siyaad Barre 1991 isla markaana ay qabsadaan magaalada [[Zeila|Zeyla]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jama |first1=Hassan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=jibril+abokor+militia |title=Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia |year=2005 |publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler |isbn=9783899300758}}</ref> [[File:Muse_Bihi_official_portrait_2017_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Muse Bihi Abdi|Gashaanle Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[Somaliland]], iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]] ka hor int>**uusan u goosan [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] bartamihii 1980-meeyadii halkaas oo uu ka hoggaamiyay ciidamada fallaagada.]] Liiska Taliyeyaasha SNM ee Habar Awal ee caanka ah ([[Mujahids]]).<ref name="List of Habar Awal SNM leaders">{{cite book |last1=Forberg |first1=Ekkehard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3rAgAACAAJ&q=list+of+Habar+Awal+leaders |title=Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion |last2=Terlinden |first2=Ulf |date=13 April 1999 |publisher=BITS |isbn=9783933111012 |via=Google Books}}</ref> * Gashaanle [[Abdillahi Askar|Cabdillaahi Askar]] Barkhad {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cabdikarim Xaashi Cilmi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Dhaamaha{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Shiine{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Jaamac Sabbaan (Janan Oogo){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Dhagax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Golhaye{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Maxamed Xasan (Axmed Japan){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cali Gurey{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal Cali Xuseen Cabdi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Boobe Yuusuf Ducaale{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Hassan Yonis Habane|Xasan Yoonis Habane]] * Haybe Axmed Gure (Haybe Laambad){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Xamud Ibraahim Ismaaciil{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Professor [[Ibrahim Megag Samatar|Ibraahim Megag Samatar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ibrahim Dhagahweyne|Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne]]<ref name=hm20110715>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296964922|title=Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia|last1=Höhne|first1=Markus|date=2011-07-15|journal=ResearchGate|volume=|issue=|page=351|doi=|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]]<ref name=ip2008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|title=Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building|author=interpeace|year=2008|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galaan{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) * [[Mohamed Hashi Elmi|Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Mahdi Cali Faarax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Gashaanle [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Yahya Xaaji Ibraahim{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} == Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal == Habar Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan dheer oo hoggaamineed waxaana hoggaamiya Suldaan ka soo jeeda laanta Axmed Cabdalla - oo ahayd hoos-qayb tiro badan oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo inta badan degta [[Somali Region|Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 53}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxay door bideen inay isticmaalaan ereyga wadaniga ah ''Garaad'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilna waxay tan iyo markaas beddeleen magaca cinwaanka oo u beddeleen ''Suldaan'' inkasta oo doorku uu isku mid yahay.<ref>{{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|date=1893|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> Garaadada Habar Awal waxay soo ururin jireen rag xilliyada dagaalka waxayna xallin jireen murannada waaweyn ee qabiilooyinka kale iyagoo buuxinaya doorka nabad-doonka ugu dambeeya (''nabadoon'').<ref name="Felix 1907 115">{{cite book|first=Rosen|last=Felix|year=1907|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|page=115|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|isbn=9780274113415|language=de}}</ref> Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Biniin waxaa la Caleemo Saaray xilli la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] [[Deria Sugulleh Ainashe|Suldaan Diriiye Ainasha]], iyadoo labada qoys-beeleed ee waaweyn ay ka soo degeen hantidii [[Garhajis#Eidagale|Ciidagale]] oo ahayd madaxdii ballaaran ee [[Isaaq Sultanate|Saldanadda Isaaq]]. Geeridiisa ka dib, Habar Awal ma aysan Caleemo Saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maaddaama dhaxalsugayaasha Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la Caleemo Saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaallada ka dhacay xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habar Awal si loo ilaaliyo beesha ka dhanka ah cadowgeeda iyo la dagaalanka duullaanka. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka wuxuu si cidhiidhi ah uga fogaaday duullaan lama filaan ah oo [[Darod|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla ay si degdeg ah isu soo ururiyeen oo ay ku qasbeen duullaanka inay cararaan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia|last=Carlos-Swayne|first=Harald|year=1900|pages=138}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Magaca !Xukunka laga soo bilaabo !Xukunka illaa |- |1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' (''Garaadkii ugu horreeyay'') | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Diriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |5 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''[[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabduraxmaan]]''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(oo qaatay cinwaanka Suldaanka)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |6 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdilaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabduraxmaan | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |7 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |8 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad Askar.png|thumb|Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar oo la sawiray 1895]] Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu xilka hayay dhowr iyo soddon sano waxaana soo dhoweeyay saraakiisha Ingiriiska ee socdaalka ahayd ee u dhow xadka koonfureed ee [[British Somaliland|protectorate]] 1894 oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal [[Makonnen Wolde Mikael|Ras Makonen]] oo matalaya [[Menelik II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Soldier's Shikar Trips|page=77|publisher=Grant Richards Ltd|first=H.G|last=Mainwaring|year=1894}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ku sugan Somaliland Ingiriiska sida Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] iyo [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] waxay ka walaacsanaayeen duullaan ba'an oo ay ciidamada Abyssinia ku qaadeen magaalada soo koraysa ee [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] iyo agagaarkeeda. Garaad waxaa la xiriiray Makonen laba sano ka dib weydiisanaya isaga iyo Habar Awal inay ku biiraan [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] balse waa la diiday.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYapmF_K__8C&q=coerced+british+protection+somaliland&pg=PA121|first=Venkat|last=Ram|year=2009|isbn=9788180696244|publisher=Concept Publishing Company New Delhi}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla waxaa soo ag maray Suldaankii [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] markii ay la kulmeen abaar, Habr Yunis waxay ka codsadeen inay helaan biyoodka Habar Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Abdalla wuxuu oggolaaday codsigii balse qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beeshiisa waxay u maleeyeen inuu aad u deeqsi ahaa oo uu caawinayay Habr Yunis kharashka wanaagga xoolohooda. Hogaamiyaha dadkan waxaa ka mid ahaa wiilkiisa 15-jirka ah ee Askar. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbigii Habr Yunis ay yimaadeen waraabinta, Askar wuxuu dhex taagnaa ceelka iyo raggii isagoo ka reebay inay galaan. Waa lala taliyay doqonnimadiisa waxaana lagu amray inuu meesha ka tago oo uu addeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar oo careysan wuxuu mindhihiisii ku dhuftay ninkii canaantay waxaanu dagaal ku dhowaaday inuu qarxo falkan darted.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Gabyaa xigmad badan oo Habr Awal ah oo ka yimid [[Bulhar]] oo magaciisu ahaa Aami ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|gabay]]<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> :''Hadalada aadka u badan ayaa hore looga hadlay erayadii doqonnimada ahaa ee Yuunis'' :''Balse xukunka xaqa ah ee Alle ku dhow marka loo eego caadada hore, keenaya nabadda iyo (si adag) sida buur oo kale'' :''Aad u dhow oo ku dhuumanaya dad, cadawgaaga, ilaa waqtigii hore xusuusashadooda colaad'' :''Haddii uu yimaado waqtigii aad indho-tirtay muranka, ma aad ixtiraami lahayd'' :''Iyadoo aan la labalabayn, ayay si lama filaan ah kuugu dhaceen'' :''Dhammaan qabiilooyinka cadowga ah waxay maqleen wararka murankaaga'' :''Sida gorgorka, dhammaantood waxay si hunguri leh u eegayaan hilibkaaga!'' Xisbiyadii waxaa dhaqaajiyay erayadiisii ​​oo waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen murankoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gabadhiisa gacanteeda siiyay gabyahaha abaal-marin ahaan dadaalkiisii.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ​​u weynaa ee Askar ayaa beddelay isagoo Garaad noqday. Askar wuxuu ahaa faras-yahan xirfad leh wuxuuna ka dagaallamay duullaan uu la lahaa qaybaha koonfureed ee beesha oo ka dhan ahaa Daraawiishdii oo bilaabay inay Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka ku duulaan. [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] wuxuu ururiyay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Axmed Cabdalla iyo qaar kale, oo ay ku noolaayeen inta badan xadka gudahiisa [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 5|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 15|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref> Geeridii Askaar ka dib walaalkiis ka yar Diriiye wuxuu qaatay xilka Garaadka oo si ka duwan walaalkiis iyo aabihiis wuxuu aad u danaynayay arrimaha bulshada Habar Awal maaddaama xilli nabad qaraabo ah uu dhashay guuldarradii Daraawiishta ka dib, taas oo yareyneysay baahida loo qabo dagaalka.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=79}}</ref> Diriiye wuxuu wajahay tartan loollan ah oo ku aaddan doorkiisii ​​Garaad ahaan waxaana Habr Awal ay ku taageereen oo ay iska celiyeen ninkii isku dayay inuu booska ka qaado.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=64}}</ref> * ==Laamaha== Qoys-beeleedka Isaaq, beelaha hoose waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo dheddig ah, sida ka muuqata abtirsiinta. Qaybta koowaad waa inta ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Harari people|Harari ah]] – Habar Habuusheed – iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Somali people|Soomaali ah]] oo ka tirsan beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] – Habar Magaadle. Runtii, inta badan beelaha ugu waaweyn ee qoys-beeleedka waa isbahaysi dheddig ah sidaas darteed magaca hooyada "Habar" oo af-Soomaaligii hore [[Somali language|af-Soomaali]] macnihiisu yahay "hooyo".<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC |title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|isbn = 9783825830847|last1 = Lewis|first1 = I. M.|last2 = Samatar|first2 = Said S.|year = 1999| publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref> Tani waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka ee soo socda.<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha beesha Habr Awal ee deggan Jabuuti waxay ogaatay in dhammaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanaayeen EV32 subclade ee Y-DNA [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] haplogroup aabaha ah.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iacovacci, Giuseppe|display-authors=etal|title=Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|date=2017|volume=27|pages=123–131|url=https://www.docdroid.net/Dedb2N1/forensic-data-and-microvariant-sequence0acharacterization-of-27-y-str-loci-analyzed-in-four-eastern0aafrican-countries-iacovacci-et-al-2016.pdf.html|access-date=18 January 2018|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015|pmid=28068531|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Geed qoys-beeleed oo la soo koobay oo ka mid ah hoos-qaybiyaha Habr Awal ee ugu waaweyn ayaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|title=Habr Awal|access-date=2017-04-04|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Axmed Cabdalla (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) waa [[Sultan|Safka Boqortooyada ee Suldaanka Habar Awal]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+royal+race+is+the+ayyal&pg=PA248 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> {{Tree list}}[[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Sheekh Isxaaq bin Axmed bin Maxamed]] **Habr Habuusheed ***Axmed (Tol-Ja’lo) ***[[Habr Je'lo|Muuse]] ***[[Sanbur|Ibraahim]] ***[[Ibran|Maxamed]] **Habr Magaadle ***[[Garhajis|Ismaaciil]] ***Ayuub ***[[Arap|Maxamed]] ***'''Abdiraxmaan (Habr Awal)''' ****Sacad Muuse *****Cabdixmaan Sacad *****Cabdalle Sacad *****Xasan Sacad ******Cabdalle Xasan *****Isxaaq Sacad ******Makahil *******Nuux Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Maxamed Makahil *******Xasan Makahil ********Cali Xasan ********Jibriil Xasan ********Rooble Xasan ********Cismaan Xasan *******Maxamed Isxaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isxaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Muuse (Ase) Isxaaq *******Yeesif Isxaaq *******Abokor Isxaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Cabdalle Abokor ********Xuseen Abokor *********Cismaan Xuseen (Cismaannada) *********Jibriil Xuseen **********Ismaaciil Jibriil ***********Nuux Ismaaciil ************Yuusuf Nuux (Reer Yuusuf Nuux) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Maxamed Yonis ************Axmed Nuux (Reer Axmed Nuux) ***********Saciid Ismaaciil ************Cabdalle Saciid *************Samatar Cabdalle (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Cabdalle (Reer Abane) *************Axmed Cabdalle (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) ***********Cabdalle Ismaaciil ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Idris Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismaaciil (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Yuusuf Ismaaciil ********Jibriil Abokor *********Aadan Jibriil (Bahaabar Aadan) *********Cali Jibriil **********Cumar Cali ***********Abeeb Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Abtidon Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Aadan Cumar ***********Xuseen Qawa Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Sahal Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Yonis Cumar (Dugeh) ***********Ismaaciil Cumar ************Barre Ismaaciil *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismaaciil (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismaaciil 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Cumar) ************Hoosh Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) ************Higgis Ismaaciil ************Idris Ismaaciil ************Ollow Ismaaciil ************Samatar Ismaaciil ************Qayaad Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) *********Xasan Jibriil *********Maxamed Jibriil (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibriil (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muuse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Aadan Urkurag ************Cumar Aadan ************Cali Aadan ************Axmed Aadan ****Ciise Muuse *****Aadan Ciise ******Jibriil Aadan *******Maxamud Jibriil *******Xasan Jibriil *******Ibraahim Jibriil *******Ismaaciil Jibriil *****Abokor Ciise ******Xasan Abokor *******Balle Xasan (Reer Baale) *******Muuse Xasan *****Idris Ciise ******abdiwadhawr ******rer dahir ******rer hayan ******ali wadhawr *****Mohamed Issa ******Mukhtar Mohamed ******Hassan Mohamed ******Jibriil Mohamed *******Omar Jibriil *******Abokor Jibriil *******Yonis Jibriil *******Muuse Jibriil ********Ali Muuse *********Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) *********Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays) *********Abane Ali (Reer Abane) *********Had Ali (Reer Had) *********Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid) *******Abdirahman Muuse *******Abdulle Muuse ********Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan) ********Hassan Abdulle *********Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori) *********Deriyahan Hassan ****Abdalla Muuse ****Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse) ****Egalle Muuse ****Eli Muuse ****Omar Muuse{{Tree list end}} ==Shakhsiyaadka Caanka ah iyo kuwa Saameynta Leh== [[File:MoPodiumRio2016.png|thumb|[[Mo Farah]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain.]] [[File:Ismail Ahmed.jpg|thumb|[[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxaa loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|title=Board of directors}}</ref>]] Beesha waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo ku qoran hoos: * [[Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacadde]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacadde", gabyaa caan ah xilligii gumeysiga ka hor iyo ka dib *[[Abdulrahman Deria|''Suldaan'' Cabdiraxmaan ''Garaad'' Diiriye]], Suldaankii 1aad & hoggaamihii 5aad ee Habar Awal * [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tixgeliyo kobaca hore ee iyo aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abdurahman.|first1=A|title= Making Sense of Somali History|date=2017|publisher=Adonis and Abbey|pages=80|language=en}}</ref> *[[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]], wuxuu u adegay guddoomiyaha la doortay ee SNM bishii Janaayo 1982 wuxuuna markii dambe ka shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha Guurtida ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Wuxuu awoowe u yahay [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] caanka ah. * [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah|Cabdiraxiin Abby Faarax]], [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] ee Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * [[Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid|Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid]], duqii hore ee [[Mayor of Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]]. * [[Abdishakur Iddin|Cabdishakuur Iidinta]], duqa hadda ee [[Berbera|Berbera]], caasimadda gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]]. * [[Abdul Majid Hussein|Cabdimaajid Xuseen]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Safiirkii hore ee Itoobiya u fadhiyay Qaramada Midoobay, 2001–2004. Hoggaamiyaha xisbiga [[Ethiopian Somali Democratic League]] (ESDL) ee [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] 1995 ilaa 2001. * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]], mid ka mid ah xubnihii asaasayaasha ahaa ee [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] iyo kii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoober 1981. * [[Ahmad Girri bin Husain|Axmed Gari bin Xuseen]], Taliye ku xigeenka [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo general sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] oo hoggaamiyay ciidan weyn oo ka dhan ah [[Abyssinian empire|boqortooyada Xabashida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Hassan Awke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Wariye iyo baahiyaha Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa halyeey ka tirsan [[BBC World Service]], [[Voice of America]], [[Somaliland National TV]], [[Horn Cable Television]], [[Radio Mogadishu]] iyo [[Universal Television (Somalia)|Universal TV]] iyo sidoo kale afhayeenka madaxweynaha ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] intii lagu guda jiray maamulkiisa millatariga.<ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |title=Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Yusuf Yasin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], [[Vice-President of Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland]] 2002 ilaa 2010, iyo Guddoomiyaha Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * [[Ali Abdi Farah|Cali Abdi Faarax]], Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] * [[Ali Feiruz|Cali Fayruus]], fanaan Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah oo ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somaliland]] * [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi]], Afhayeenka [[Senate of Somalia|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] iyo Senator tan iyo Janaayo 2017. * [[Gaarriye]] (dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), Gabyaa caan ah oo tixay mid ka mid ah gabayada af-Soomaaliga ee ugu caansan mawduuca heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * Jaamac Yuusuf Tamiinlaaye, oo lagu sheegay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee Daraawiishta ee 1916 ee Geoffrey Archer]] * [[Hussain Bisad|Xuseen Bisaad]], mid ka mid ah ragga ugu dheer adduunka, dhererkiisu yahay 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). Wuxuu leeyahay gacanta ugu ballaaran qof kasta oo nool. * [[Ibrahim Dheere|Ibraahim Dheere]], Waxaa loo arkaa bilyaneerka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreeya iyo qofka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu taajirsan adduunka oo leh hanti qiyaastii 1.8 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah.<ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |title=BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> * [[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ee ugu koritaanka badan adduunka waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain.<ref name="Ismael Ahmed"/> * [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], Siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah. Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]]: 1960, 1967–1969. Madaxweynaha [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * [[Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin|Maxamed Cabdillaahi Kaahin]] 'Ogsadey', Ganacsade Soomaaliyeed oo ku salaysan Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrika ah ee dhoofisa bunka oo urursaday hanti qiyaastii ah $3 Bilyan oo [[Ethiopian Birr|Birta Itoobiya]].<ref name="HIGP">{{cite news|title=Somali Entrepreneurs|url=http://salaanmedia.com/?p=24470|access-date=15 Feb 2018 |newspaper=Salaan Media |date=15 June 2017}}</ref> * [[Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Cumar]], Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]], Taliyihii hore ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] * [[Mo Farah|Maxamed Faarax]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa inuu yahay orodyahanka maraykanka ugu fiican adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/10/mo-farah-mother-somaliland |title=Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Abdi Haybe Laampad|Cabdi Haybe Laampad]] Muusikiiste Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo mid ka mid ah majaajilistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ugu fiican waqti kasta. * [[Mohamed Omar Arte|Maxamed Cumar Carte]], Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * [[Muhammad Hawadle Madar|Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya ka billow 3 Sebtembar 1990, ilaa 24 Janaayo 1991. * [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], Madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]]. * [[Nuh Ismail Tani|Nuux Ismaaciil Tani]], Taliyaha hadda ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] *[[Hussein Mohamed Bashe|Xuseen Maxamed Bashe]], Wasiirka Beeraha ee Tanzania iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka ee degmada [[Nzega]] Urban tan iyo 2015. Janaayo 2022, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Beeraha. * [[Umar Arteh Ghalib|Cumar Carte Galib]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu Soomaaliya galiyey [[ArabLeague|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 intii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay; macallin iyo gabyaa *[[Saad Ali Shire|Dr. Saad Ali Shire]], siyaasi British-Somali ah, agronomist iyo dhaqaaleyahan, oo hadda ka shaqeynaya Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Somaliland. Shire horay ayuu uga soo shaqeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland. Waxa kale oo uu soo noqday Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Horumarinta Qaranka ee Somaliland. * [[Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin|Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Koshin]], Suldaanka guud ee hadda ee beesha [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]]. *[[Mohamed se'ad Geedi|Maxamed Siciid Geedi]], Milkiilaha shirkadda fiilooyinka ugu dhaqsaha badan Geeska Afrika iyo MSG Group ee [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]] *[[Jam'a Omar Seed|Jaamaca Cumar Siciid]], Mid ka mid ah ganacsatada Somaliland iyo Jabuuti ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan xagga soo dejinta alaabta ee [[Ominco Company|Shirkadda Ominco]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Somali clans in Ethiopia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Djibouti]] [[Category:Society of Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] cfhgy6a8wh20l9w0ooc45ij1djp3n8e 310734 310733 2026-10-22T20:01:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal */ 310734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Habar Awal | type = [[Isaaq|Beesha Isaaq]] | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Kenya]] | descended = [[Isxaaq bin Axmed]] | parent_tribe = [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] | branches = Ciise Muuse:<br /> *Abokor Ciise *Aadan Ciise *Idris Ciise *Maxamed Ciise Sacad Muuse:<br /> *Cabdixmaan Sacad *Cabdalle Sacad *Xasan Sacad *Isxaaq Sacad | language = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | image = Sultan Abdulrahman Deria.png | caption = Suldaankii Habar Awal Suldaan [[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabdiraxmaan Suldaan Diiriye]] oo jooga London 1955 si uu u codsado Deegaanka Xood ee la xannibay }} '''Habar Awal''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Subeyr Awal''' ama {{langx|so|Habar Awal}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |access-date=15 June 2016|author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah qoys-beeleedyada ugu waaweyn beel-weynta [[Isaaq]], waxayna sii kala tirsan tahay siddeed hoos-qaybood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]] iyo [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]]. Xubnaheedu waxay qayb ka yihiin isbahaysiga Habar Magadle. Habar Awal dhaqan ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqato [[Nomadic pastoralism|reer guuraa ah]], dad [[coastal|xeebaha degan]], [[merchants|ganacsato]] iyo [[farmers|beeraley]]. Waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkaa inay yihiin qabiil hodan ku ah geeska Afrika oo door weliba ka qaatay xornimada Somaliland.<ref name="Habar Awal richest Somali clan">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StAUAQAAIAAJ&q=Habar+Awal+richest+somali+tribe |title = Historical dictionary of Somalia|isbn = 9780810808300|last1 = Castagno|first1 = Margaret|year = 1975| publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> Habar Awal waa kuwo siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ahaan saameyn ku leh [[Somaliland]] iyo guud ahaan [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], waxayna degan yihiin dhulal xeebeed iyo kuwo beereed istiraatiiji ah.<ref name="Habar Awal dominates Somaliland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |title=One clan domination is complete in Somaliland |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909092044/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Habar Awal dominate Somaliland">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=habar+awal+dominate+somaliland&pg=PA135 |title = Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|isbn = 9789004222540|last1 = Renders|first1 = Marleen|date = 2012-01-20| publisher=BRILL }}</ref> ==Qaybinta== [[File:Habr Awal in Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Somaliland]] oo muujinaysa qaybinta beesha Habar Awal ee bartamaha iyo bariga Somaliland]] Beesha Habar Awal waxay inta badan ku tahay aqlabiyad gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] oo loo arko gobolka ugu dadka badan [[Somaliland]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu dadka badan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ka dib degmada [[Banaadir]]. Waxay ka mid yihiin aqlabiyadda dadka ku nool caasimadda qaranka [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] hamigooduna si gaar ah ayuu u degaa magaalooyinka beeraha ee [[Gabiley]], [[Wajaale]], [[Arabsiyo]], iyo [[Kalabaydh]]. Habar Awal sidoo kale waxay ku badan yihiin gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]], gaar ahaan caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada dekedda weyn ee [[Berbera]], magaalada dalxiiska ee [[El-Sheikh|Sheikh Suuq], magaalada dekedda taariikhiga ah ee [[Bulhar]], magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Sheikh, Somalia|Sheekh]] iyo sidoo kale [[Daarbuduq]]. Beesha sidoo kale qayb ahaan waxay degtaa qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada caasimadda ah ee [[Burao|Burco]] ee gobolka [[Togdheer]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ainabo%22|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref> Meel ka baxsan Somaliland, Habar Awal waxay sidoo kale deegaanno waaweyn ku leeyihiin [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]] halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin aqlabiyad magaalooyinka [[Harshin (woreda)|Xarshin]], [[Hart Sheik]], iyo [[Wajaale]] (Dhinaca Itoobiya). Waxay sidoo kale degaan oo xuduud la leeyihiin [[Kebri Beyah (woreda)|Geri Baay]] iyo [[Jijiga (woreda)|Jigjiga]] ee [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]]. Waxay sidoo kale degmo ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Kenya]] halkaas oo looga yaqaano qayb ka mid ah bulshada Isaxaaqiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=awal+settlement|title= Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63|last1= Omaar|first1= Rakiya|last2= Waal|first2= Alexander De|last3= McGrath|first3= Rae|last4= (Organization)|first4= African Rights|year= 1993}} |</ref> Ugu dambeyntii waxay joogitaan ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], iyagoo ka samaynaya boqolkiiba badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] dhexdeedana taariikh ahaan waxay degeen Degmada 3-aad, oo ahayd mid ka mid ah 7-da degmo ee waaweyn ee Jabuuti.<ref name="Habar Awal territory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf/|title = Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=habr+awal+live+in++awdal |title= I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy|isbn= 9780852552803|last1= Lewis|first1= I. M.|year= 1999|publisher= James Currey Publishers}}</ref> == Abtirsiimada == [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]] waa qof khuraafaad taariikhi ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |date=March 1962 |title=Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700002723 |issn=1469-5138 |quote=Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history...|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en |quote=Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA105 |title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society |date=1994 |publisher=The Red Sea Press |isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diop |first=Samba |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=8zyBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition |last2=Diop |first2=Papa Samba |date=1995 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9031-4 |pages=170 |language=en |quote=Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"}}</ref> oo la sheego inuu yimid Geeska Afrika si uu Islaamka u faafiyo qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo Somaliland ku noolaa kuwaas oo uga tagay siddeed wiil, mid ka mid ahna uu ahaa Cabdiraxmaan (Awal). Faracyada siddeedaas wiil waxay ka kooban yihiin qoys-beeleedka Isaaq.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> Qabriga Subeyr Awal, oo ah awowgii asaasaha ahaa ee Habr Awal ee [[Isaaq]], wuxuu ku yaalaa [[Jidali]] ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] kaas oo u jira qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee qabrigii awowgiis Sheekh [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]], oo ah aabahii aasaasaha ahaa ee beesha [[Isaaq]], kaas oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Maydh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiir |date=2014-08-03 |title=Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal |url=https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Geeska Afrika Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-23 |title=DAAWO; Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey |url=http://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=19418 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=WAJAALE NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay {{!}} Hubaal Media |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106120001/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.hubaalmedia.net}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== ===Xilligii Dhexe (Qabsashadii Xabashida)=== Taariikh ahaan, Habr Awal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] waxaana lagu sheegay buugga caanka ah ee "[[Futuh al-Habasha]]" tabarucaadoodii waaweynaa ee [[Ethiopian-Adal war|dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]] iyagoo ah Habr Magaadle oo ay weheliyaan Habar Yoonis, Arab, Ayuub iyo Ciidagale oo ka soo horjeeday [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]], iyo sidoo kale soo saarista shakhsi taariikhi ah oo lagu magacaabo Axmed Gari bin Xuseen kaas oo ahaa gacanta midig ee [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo taliye ciidan oo ka tirsanaa ciidamada Habr Magaadle intii uu socday dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Cadal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref> ===Sacad Muuse=== {{main|Sa'ad Musa}} [[File:Warsame Yunis.png|thumb|right|Warsame Yuunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] [[File:First footsteps in East Africa, or, An exploration of Harar (1904) (14586268478).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]], Amiirkii [[Harar|Harar]] iyo xulafo la ah Habr Awal]] Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badan sabab macaan oo ay ku leeyihiin dekedda weyn ee Soomaaliyeed ee [[Berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda iyo deegaanka ugu weyn ee beesha Habr Awal intii lagu guda jiray xilligii casriga ahaa ee hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reerahmednuux.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/piece-of-berbera-history-reer-ahmed-nuh-ismail/ |title=Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail |website=wordpress.com|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Beesha waxay xiriir adag la lahayd [[Emirate of Harar|Saldanadda Harar]] amiiraduna waxay Habr Awal ku ixtiraami jireen maxkamadooda iyadoo [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] uu xusay saameyntooda maxkamadda Amiir [[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadaladii uu la lahaa [[Vizier|Wasiirka]] Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 238}}</ref> <blockquote>Habr Awal guud ahaan waa dad hodan ah, inta badan waxaa u sabab ah ganacsiga soo mara dekedda Berbera oo ku taal dhulka Sacad Muuse. <ref>{{cite book|title= Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5 |date=1969|pages=24|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Habankan beelaha deegaanka ee uu maraayo ganacsiga weyn ama jidadka ganacsigu waxay aruuriyeen hanti badan, halka kuwa sida Reer Axmed (Ayal Ahmed), oo nasiib u yeeshay inay yeeshaan deked uu dabiicigu u hiiliyay sida Berbera, ay si dabiici ah uga dambaysay inay hodmaan.<ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Paulitschke map of Somaliland and the interior.png|thumb|300px|Khariidaddii Paulitschke oo daboolaysa waddooyinka ganacsiga muhiimka ah 1898]] [[File:Sketch Map of Northern Somali Land.png|thumb|300px|right|Waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gala Berbera iyadoo 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) ay ku sugan yihiin Berbera dhexdeeda iyo hareeraheeda iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran oo lala lahaa ganacsatada Carabta iyo Hindiya ee ka imaanayay [[Arabia|Carabtii]] iyo [[Indian subcontinent|Hindiya]]. Markii ganacsatadan ajnabiga ahi ay yimaadeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulhar]] si ay ganacsi u sameeyaan, waxaa jiray nidaam faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan nidaamka abban (ilaalin) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo Reer Yuusuf Nuux (Ayal Yuusuf) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayal Axmed) ee Sacad Muuse, Habr Awal: <blockquote>Ka hor intaanan la gaarin arrintan, iyo ka hor intaanu deggenaanshaha Ingiriisku ka dhicin Cadan 1839, Reer Yuusuf Nuux iyo Reer Axmed Nuux ee Habr Awal waxay haysteen Berbera waxayna si wadajir ah u maamulayeen ganacsigeeda, iyagoo la qaybsanayay faa'iidada dhammaan hawlaha ganacsiga iyagoo ah 'ilaaliyaal' (abban) ee ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee ka timid Carabta iyo Hindiya. Markii dhiirigelinta horumarka Cadan ay dekeddu si weyn u korodhay, Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo tiro ahaan badnaa waxay ceyriyeen ehelladoodii la tartamayay waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay iyagu yihiin madaxda ganacsiga ee Berbera. Tani waxay keentay dagaal qabiil oo dhinac walba uu raadsaday caawimaad dibedda ah; Reer Axmed Nuux ee laga adkaaday waxay u jeesteen Xaaji Shirmarke Cali iyo ehelladoodii Habar Yoonis si ay u helaan taageero. Taageeradaas ka dib, waxay awoodeen inay dib isu dhisaan oo ay ceyriyaan Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo u guuray dekedda yar ee Bulhar, dhanka galbeed ee Berbera.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I.M.|title= The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State |date=1965|publisher=Praeger|pages=35|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Berbera, 1884.png|thumb|300px|Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Habr Awal keligood ma martigelin ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee dekedahooda, balse waxay juga iyo ku mareen maraakiibtooda u gaarka ah hawlo ganacsi oo ay ku tageen dekedaha Carabta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pankhurst|first1=R.|title=Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1|date=1965|pages=45|publisher=Institute of Ethiopian Studies|language=en}}</ref> Inta badan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tegi jiray Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabta waxay ka soo jeedeen beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka soo qaadeen alaabooyin ceeriin oo kala duwan oo ka yimid Harar iyo gudaha dalka iyagoo ku beddelanayay alaabo la farsameeyay. Intii ay halkaas joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryahooda oo ay shaqo geliyeen adeegayaashooda, halka qabiilooyinka kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u badnaayeen inay la degaan qaraabo horay uga dhisnaa dhanka gacanka. ជនជាតិ. — Waa kuwo inta badan ka tirsan beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harar iyo dalka Galla, qaxwo, saffron, foolmaroodi (ivory), iyo baalasha, iyagoo ka qaata beddelkeeda zinc, naxaas, dhar ballaaran, iyo alaabooyin goosgoos ah. Waxay Cadan joogaan ilaa labaatan maalmood hal mar xilliga ganacsiga, kaas oo socda ilaa sagaal bilood, iyagoo sameeya afar safar. Intii ay deegaanka joogaan waxay kireystaan guri, waxaana la socda adeegayaashooda.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Frederick|title=An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia|date=1877|publisher=Cengage Gale|pages=41|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Street in Bulhar.png|thumb|300px|Waddo ku taal [[Bulhar]]]] Gudaha dalka, safarrada ganacsiga ee Habr Awal (khafilas) waxay ahaayeen kuwo si joogto ah loo arko sida ay sheegayaan warbixinnada Yurub ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan Gacanka Soomaalida: <blockquote>Markii ka soo amba baxnay Hargeisa waxaan u safraynay maylal badan oo dhex maraya dhul qurux badan oo park u eg, oo ay ka buuxaan shimbiraha iyo digaagga duurjoogta ah. Waxaan la kulannay safarradii caadiga ahaa ee Soomaaliyeed ee khafilas [safarrada ganacsiga] ee raggii Habr-Awal, iyagoo wada haragooda, gunka, subagga, iyo qaxwaha oo ay u wadaan dekeddayada Bulhar, oo u dhaxaysa Berbera iyo Zeyla.<ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote> Soomaalida ka timid gudaha fog, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimid [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeenya]], waxay sidoo kale ka heleen inta badan agabkooda ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay u yaqaaneen "iidoor", taas oo ahayd eedeyn macno leh oo macnaheedu yahay [[merchant|ganacsade]] ama dillaal, taas oo ahayd tixraac ku aaddan dabeecadda ganacsi ee ganacsatada Habr Awal xilligaas.<ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Habr Awal xeebaha (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah u noqdeen dillaaliin u ah qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee raba inay alaabtooda geeyaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar: <blockquote>Caadadu waxay tahay in Reer Axmed (qabiilka Berbera) ay u dhaqmaan sidii dillaaliin, oo inta badan faa'iidada badankeeda ay ku dhegganaato gacanta dillaalka. Ilaa dhawaan ma jirin Ogaadeen waligiis tagay xeebta, balse alaabta waxay ku aamineen ganacsatada xeebta.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Dublin Review, Volume 98|date=1886|pages=176|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Dagaalkii Berbera ==== {{Main|Battle of Berbera 1827}} [[File:Habr Awal Warriors.png|thumb|300px|Dagaalyahannada Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal oo u diyaargaroobaya dagaal ka dhacay u dhow [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]]]] Markii markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne'' uu isku dayay inuu ku xirto dekedda Berbera 1825 waxaa weeraray oo laayay xubno badan oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] waxay fuliyeen xayiraad waxaana qaar ka mid ah xisaabaadka ay sheegayaan duqeyn ka dhacday magaalada.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70">{{cite book|title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience|year=1977|page=70|isbn=9780226467917|publisher=9780226467917|first=David D.|last=Laitin}}</ref> 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingiriisku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna bixiyay dalab lagu dejinayo xayiraadda oo joojisay ganacsiga faa'iidada badan ee Berbera beddelkeeda magdhow. Ka dib taladan bilowgii [[Battle of Berbera 1827|Dagaalkii Berbera 1827]] wuxuu qarxay. Ka dib guuldarradii Habr Awal, 15,000 [[Spanish dollars|doolarka Isbanishka]] ayaa ay ahayd in ay bixiyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo dhimashada dadka.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70"/> [[Isaaq Sultanate|Suldaanka Isaaq]] [[Farah Guled|Faarax Garaad Guuleed]] iyo Xaaji Cali waxay u qoreen warqad [[Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi|Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi]] oo ka tirsan [[Ras Al Khaimah]] iyagoo ka codsanaya caawimaad millatari iyo dagaal diimeed oo wadajir ah oo ka dhan ah Ingiriiska.<ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٧|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Tani ma aysan rumoobin maaddaama Suldaan Saqr uu curyaamiyay [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|ololihii Gacanka Persia ee 1919]] mana uusan awoodin inuu caawimaad u diro Berbera. Marka laga reebo xaruntooda Gacanka Persia & Gacanka Cumaan, Qasimi waxay aad uga dhex muuqdeen dhanka millatariga iyo dhaqaalaha labadaba [[Gulf of Aden|Gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka illaa [[Mocha, Yemen|Mukha]] ee [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820|first=Charles E.|last=Davies|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=1997|page=167|isbn=9780859895095}}</ref> Waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo badan oo ay la lahaayeen [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], taasoo keentay in maraakiibta ka timid Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Persian Gulf|Gacanka Persia]] ay si joogto ah u xaadiraan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Zeila|Zeyla]] isla markaana ay aad u aqoon fiican u lahaayeen Isaaq.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965718|year=1965|first=Richard|last=Pankhurst|issue= 1|volume= 3|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|pages=36–81|jstor=41965718}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٢|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Natiijo ahaan, Beesha Habar Awal waxay heshiis ilaalin ah la saxiixatay [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] 14 Luulyo 1884. Habr Awal waxay sii waday inay yeelato heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh oo ay la leeyihiin xiriiradooda ajnabiga ah, kuwaas oo tiro badan ay sidoo kale ku hoos jireen xukunka Ingiriiska ee dalalkooda. Ingiriisku wuxuu ka aasaasay caasimadda [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] [[Berbera]], balse markii dambe caasimadda ay u rari doonaan [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] 1941.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=755848|title=The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute|journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=5|year=1956|pages=245–264|author=D. J. Latham Brown|issue=2|doi=10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245}}</ref> ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== ==== U Guurista Koonfureed ee Xeebta illaa Gudaha Dalka ==== [[File:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa (right).jpg|thumb|left|200 px|[[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] (midig), aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]], oo uu sawiray 1912 Ralph E Brockman]] Bartamihii qarnigii 19th Hargeisa iyo deegaanka ku xeeran waxay ahaayeen goob kulul oo ay ka taagan yihiin muranno qabiil iyadoo duullaanno lagu samaynayay safarro isku dayaya inay maraan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of African Languages |date=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=40}}</ref> Madar oo ay weheliyaan sheekhyada kale ee Suufiyada waxay Aasaaseen ''Jama'a Weyn'' ama ''jamcadda weyn'' ee Hargeysa. Jamcadda cusub waxay raacday nidaamkii 900-sano jirka ahaa ee [[Qadiriyya]] ee uu aas-aasay Shaykh-a caanka ah [[Abdul Qadir Gilani|Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani]] waxayna soo bandhigtay dhaqamo cusub oo Hargeysa u horseeday waddada ay ku noqon lahayd magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu weyn [[Somaliland]] iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu dadka badan ee Soomaali degto ilaa maanta.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Abdullahi |first1=Abdurahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar |title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 |date=2017-09-18 |publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers |isbn=9781909112797 |page=80}}</ref> Hargeisa iyo deegaankeedu waxay lahaayeen carro ku habboon iyo biyo ku filan oo loogu talagalay beeraha balse xoolo-dhaqatadu ma aysan ka faa'iidaysan xaqiiqadan. Madar oo ay la socdeen hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee ''Jam'a Weyn'' waxay soo bandhigeen beerashada [[sorghum|masagada]] iyo dhismaha cusub ee guryaha joogtada ah iyo abuurista masaajiddiisa weyn 1883.<ref name="auto3" /> Sheekh waxaa kale oo saarnaa masuuliyadda hoggaaminta salaadaha jaamacadda ee baryada ah [[Allah|Alle]] ee roobka ee cibaadada loo yaqaano ''roobdoon''.<ref name="auto5">{{cite book |last=Mire |first=Sada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6nODwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar+shrine+hargeisa&pg=PA153 |title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa |date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138368507 |page=151}}</ref> Sheekh Madar iyo Suldaan Isaaq [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] waxay ku kulmeen banaanka Hargeisa 1870 si ay uga wada hadlaan arrimaha ku saabsan magaalada cusub waxayna ku heshiiyeen in ugaarsiga iyo goynta geedaha agagaarka ah la mamnuuco.<ref>{{cite book |last=WSP Transition Programme |first=War-torn Societies Project |title=Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1 |publisher=Red Sea Press |year=2005 |page=214}}</ref> Laanta Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal waxay billowday inay degto Hargeysa iyadoo hoos imaanaysa ilaalinta Madar iyo Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye]] waxayna si farxad leh u qaateen hababka cusub ee beeraha. ''Jama'a'' waxay samaysay udub dhexaad soo jiitay reer guuraaga kale inay yimaadaan oo degaan magaalada soo koraysa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain |first=War Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Official+History+of+the+Operations+in+Somaliland,+1901-04,+Volume+1 |title=Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |year=1907 |isbn=9780344344800 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Sidoo kale, khilaafaadkii qabiilka waa la yareeyay maaddaama bulshada cusub ay ku guulaysatay inay ku midoobto aqoonsi diimeed oo la wadaago halkii ay si adag ugu salaysnaan lahayd saldhig qabiil oo dhaqameed. Iyadoo Sheekh uu ku guuleystay hawsha loo igmaday ee uu ka helay macallinkiisa Sheekh Kabiir. Hogaamiyayaasha diinta ee ''Jama'a'' waxay isku qaadeen inay naafada deegaanka ku hoos jiraan daryeelkooda.<ref name="auto3" /> ====U Ololeynta Xornimada [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]]==== Sannadkii 1955, [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]] wuxuu xubin ka ahaa wafdi ka kooban 4 siyaasiyiin iyo suldanno ah oo aaday [[London]], [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]]. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la codsado oo lagu cadaadiyo Dowladda Ingiriiska inay soo celiso dhulkii heshiiska ee lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' ee loo dhiibay [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] intii uu socday heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Mohamed |first1=Jama |title=Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960 |date=2002 |publisher=The English Historical Review |language=en}}</ref> Buugga ''Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jama Mohamed wuxuu qorayaa: <blockquote>N.U.F. waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka labada Somaliland iyo dibadda. March 1955, tusaale ahaan, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir waxay aadeen Muqdisho si ay u helaan taageerada iyo iskaashiga kooxaha waddaniyadda ee Soomaaliya. Febraayo iyo May 1955 wafdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ([[Abdillahi Deria|Suldaan Cabdilaahi Suldaan Diiriye]], iyo [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]]), iyo laba siyaasi oo muxaafid ah oo reer Galbeedka wax bartay (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Xali Maxamed Dubeh) waxay boqdeen London iyo New York. Safarkoodii London, waxay si rasmi ah u kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arrinta Xoghayaha Dawladda u qaabilsan Gumeysiga, Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali ee 1885. Heshiisyada hoostooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay qaadatay inaysan marnaba bixin, iibin, dhigan ama si kale u siin shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb ka mid ah dhulka ay degaan iyagu ama hoos imaanaya xakamayntooda'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya hoos imaanaysa heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897'. Heshiiskaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid 'isku dhacaya' heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali 'ee mudnaanta lahaa waqtiga' ka hor heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897[.] Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay ka badbadisay awoodeeda markii ay soo gabagabeysay Heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... Heshiiskii 1897 ma ahayn mid ku waajib ah qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdilaahi wuxuu sidoo kale ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn dadka Soomaaliyeed' maaddaama aan loo sheegin wadaxaajodka, iyo maaddaama Dowladda Ingiriisku ay maamulaysay deegaanka tan iyo 1941. Wufuuddu waxay codsadeen, sida uu sheegay Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan, in dib loo dhigo hirgelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafuudda waqti ay kiiskooda ku soo bandhigaan' Baarlamaanka iyo ururada caalamiga ah.<ref name="auto"/></blockquote> ===Ciise Muuse=== {{main|Issa Musa}} [[File:Ahmed Amar.png|thumb|Axmed Camar oo 23 jir ah oo ka tirsan Ciise Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte 1890]] Taariikh ahaan, Ciise Muuse waxay isticmaaleen [[Camel train|safarka]] [[trade|ganacsiga]] ee aadka u qiimaha badan ee ku yaal [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay dakhli ka heleen safarrada imanaya suuqyada magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Berbera]]. Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay soo rogaan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 unug oo ana ah halkii geel ee ay ku raran yihiin alaab.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |language=de}}</ref><blockquote>Ciise Muuse, oo aagga daaqaagu uu yahay bannaanka xeebta, waxay sidoo kale soo saaraan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 anas (qiyaastii 48 pfennigs) oo ka timaada safarrada dromedarka raran iyo 1 ana id kasta iyo riy kasta, taas oo ka timaada qabiilooyinka kale ka dib Suuqyada laga keeni doono Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |pages=228 |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>Sahamiyaha iyo juqraafiga Talyaaniga [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti|Luigi Robecchi Brichetti]] wuxuu lahaa hadal la mid ah dhanka ganacsiga safarka ee qiimaha leh, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku xusay Reer Axmed ee la xiriira ee Habar Awal - kuwaas oo haystay cinwaanka ah Abban ee Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmad&pg=PA74 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |isbn=9780705415002 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Bricchetti, Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay helaan dakhli uga mahadcelinaya taraafikada safarka mashquulka badan ee galaya & ka baxaya magaalada xeebta iyo taariikhiga ah ee Berbera<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |language=it}}</ref><blockquote>Waxay u gudbaan sida xoolo-dhaqatada geel ee xirfadda leh iyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha safarka ee caqliga leh [Ayal Achmed]. Sidoo kale waa qoysaska kala duwan ee Ciise Muuse, oo ku nool ganacsiga safarka ee Ogaadeenya, iyagoo kor u kacaya Uebi [Webi] oo raacaya waddada Faf (Fafan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |pages=632 |language=it}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Aasaaskii Saldanadda Ciise Muuse ==== Geeridii Diriiye kadib, wiilkiisii Cabdiraxmaan ayaa la Caleemo Saaray wuxuuna ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habar Awal ee isu bixiya 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaad. Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis balse wuxuu aad uga firfircoonaa arrimaha xannaanada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Milman |first=Brock |title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9780415717458 |page=79}}</ref> Markii Ciidagale ay isku dayeen inay dhacaan Ciise Muuse, wiil uu dhalay Suldaankii Habar Yoonis ayaa ku biiray duullaanka oo markii la cayrsaday raggiisii waa la dilay. Suldaankii Habar Yoonis wuxuu u yimid Cabdiraxmaan si uu u xalliyo muranka wuxuuna rabay inuu ku qasbo Ciise Muuse inay bixiyaan [[diyya|mag]] wiilka Suldaanka. Sida uu qabo [[xeer|xeerka]] dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed mag Lama bixiyo marka qof lagu dilo is-difaacid. Sidaas darteed Ciise Muuse way diideen waxayna ku dhufteen gaashaanadoodii iyagoo diidaya xukunka Cabdiraxmaan.<ref name="Progressio">{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=206}}</ref> Cismaan Haariyey oo ahaa gabyaa ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|geeraarkan]] soo socda oo muujinaya ixtiraamkiisa balse diidaya Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan. Intaas ka dib Ciise Muuse way baxeen waxayna u ambabaxeen inay caleemo saaraan Suldaankoodii ugu horreeyay, Suldaan Koshin 1949 taas oo calaamad u ahayd xornimadooda ay ka heleen walaalahooda Sacad Muuse ee waaweyn.<ref name="Progressio"/> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya |attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>| Ninka hantida ku taagan Ee masagada gurta Ninka dhimashada qoda Iyo kuwa geela ilaaliya Haddaba Suldaan ka fikir Way heshiin karaan? Suldaanow ku ma ay cayin Mana ahayn inaan ku canaanto Ma daynayo inaan ceeb kaa magdhabo Mana filayo hanti xaggaaga ah Ixtiraamka aan ku siineyno Gabdhaha dhalinyarada ah ee quruxda badan Marnaba kaama qaadan doonno Rag sidaada oo kale ah Ee aan caleenta saarnay boqor ahaan Way dib u dhigayaan Dadkii Muuse Subeer}} ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== Ciise Muuse waxay soo saareen tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaad caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed iyadoo Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah]], iyo tan ugu caansan Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]] & Madaxweynihii labaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo hoggaamiyay protectorate-kii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] xornimada Luulyo 1960 si loo dhiso [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]]. Ilaa maanta, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii keliya ee ah Isaaq ah oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somali National Flag Flying in Hargeisa 26th June 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Calanka Soomaaliya oo ka Lalnaya Hargeysa 26 Juun 1960: Calanka Cad iyo Buluugga ah ee Soomaaliya intii lagu guda jiray dabaaldegyadii Xornimada ee [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Xornimada]] 26 Juun 1960 Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] ee [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] wuxuu salaamay calanka.]] 26kii Juun 1960 Cigaal wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] ee xornimada helay dhowaan, kaas oo shan maalmood ka dib la midoobay [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] ee hore si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida 1 Luulyo 1960. Codsashada ugu muhiimsan, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]] waxay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen hoos ilaa kor hoos timaad xukunka muhiimka ah ee [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]]. Intii uu socday muddadiisa 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu ahaa [[President of Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu hub ka dhig ku sameeyo kooxaha fallaagada ah ee deegaanka, xasillooniyo dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, isla markaana uu ka dhisay xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn oo lala yeeshay dalal shisheeye. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay [[Somaliland shilling|shillingka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo calan cusub oo dib loo naqshadeeyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal wuxuu abuuray [[Military of Somaliland|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]], oo ah ciidanka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waxtarka badan ee ka jiray tan iyo intii la kala diray [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glickman |first1=Harvey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQIwAQAAIAAJ&q=habar+awal+snm |title=Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217 |year=1995 |publisher=African Studies Assoc. Press |isbn=9780918456748}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif).jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] "Jidhif", oo caan ku ah duullaankiisa qabsashada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Zeila|Zeyla]] dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii magaca [[Somali National Movement|SNM]].]] === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed === [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa urur fallaago ah oo ka jiray 1980-meeyadii illaa 1990-meeyadii. SNM-tii 1981 ee lagu aas-aasay [[London]] waxay dooratay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]] oo ka tirsanaa beesha Habar Awal guddoomiyaheedii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in ujeeddada cad ee ururku ay ahayd in la rido nidaamkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee [[military regime|maamulka millatariga]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ururisay saldhiggeeda ugu weyn ee taageerada xubnaha beesha Isaaq, oo dhisay oo taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sanado badan oo takoor nidaamsan ah oo ay geysatay dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Taliye ahaan qaybta 99aad, Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) wuxuu sidoo kale ka dhisay [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] saldhig millatari oo ku yaal [[Zeila|Zeyla]] halkaas oo [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] ay ka qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah waxayna si guul leh uga adkaatay isku day ay sameeyeen xoogagga millatariga ee USF ee daacadda u ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] kuwaas oo isku dayay inay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​dhicitaankii [[Military Junta|Dowladdii Milatariga]] ee Siyaad Barre 1991 isla markaana ay qabsadaan magaalada [[Zeila|Zeyla]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jama |first1=Hassan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=jibril+abokor+militia |title=Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia |year=2005 |publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler |isbn=9783899300758}}</ref> [[File:Muse_Bihi_official_portrait_2017_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Muse Bihi Abdi|Gashaanle Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[Somaliland]], iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]] ka hor int>**uusan u goosan [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] bartamihii 1980-meeyadii halkaas oo uu ka hoggaamiyay ciidamada fallaagada.]] Liiska Taliyeyaasha SNM ee Habar Awal ee caanka ah ([[Mujahids]]).<ref name="List of Habar Awal SNM leaders">{{cite book |last1=Forberg |first1=Ekkehard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3rAgAACAAJ&q=list+of+Habar+Awal+leaders |title=Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion |last2=Terlinden |first2=Ulf |date=13 April 1999 |publisher=BITS |isbn=9783933111012 |via=Google Books}}</ref> * Gashaanle [[Abdillahi Askar|Cabdillaahi Askar]] Barkhad {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cabdikarim Xaashi Cilmi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Dhaamaha{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Shiine{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Jaamac Sabbaan (Janan Oogo){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Dhagax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Golhaye{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Maxamed Xasan (Axmed Japan){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cali Gurey{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal Cali Xuseen Cabdi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Boobe Yuusuf Ducaale{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Hassan Yonis Habane|Xasan Yoonis Habane]] * Haybe Axmed Gure (Haybe Laambad){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Xamud Ibraahim Ismaaciil{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Professor [[Ibrahim Megag Samatar|Ibraahim Megag Samatar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ibrahim Dhagahweyne|Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne]]<ref name=hm20110715>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296964922|title=Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia|last1=Höhne|first1=Markus|date=2011-07-15|journal=ResearchGate|volume=|issue=|page=351|doi=|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]]<ref name=ip2008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|title=Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building|author=interpeace|year=2008|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galaan{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) * [[Mohamed Hashi Elmi|Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Mahdi Cali Faarax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Gashaanle [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Yahya Xaaji Ibraahim{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} == Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal == Habar Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan dheer oo hoggaamineed waxaana hoggaamiya Suldaan ka soo jeeda laanta Axmed Cabdalla - oo ahayd hoos-qayb tiro badan oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo inta badan degta [[Somali Region|Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 53}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxay door bideen inay isticmaalaan ereyga wadaniga ah ''Garaad'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilna waxay tan iyo markaas beddeleen magaca cinwaanka oo u beddeleen ''Suldaan'' inkasta oo doorku uu isku mid yahay.<ref>{{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|date=1893|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> Garaadada Habar Awal waxay soo ururin jireen rag xilliyada dagaalka waxayna xallin jireen murannada waaweyn ee qabiilooyinka kale iyagoo buuxinaya doorka nabad-doonka ugu dambeeya (''nabadoon'').<ref name="Felix 1907 115">{{cite book|first=Rosen|last=Felix|year=1907|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|page=115|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|isbn=9780274113415|language=de}}</ref> Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Biniin waxaa la Caleemo Saaray xilli la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] [[Deria Sugulleh Ainashe|Suldaan Diriiye Ainasha]], iyadoo labada qoys-beeleed ee waaweyn ay ka soo degeen hantidii [[Garhajis#Eidagale|Ciidagale]] oo ahayd madaxdii ballaaran ee [[Isaaq Sultanate|Saldanadda Isaaq]]. Geeridiisa ka dib, Habar Awal ma aysan Caleemo Saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maaddaama dhaxalsugayaasha Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la Caleemo Saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaallada ka dhacay xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habar Awal si loo ilaaliyo beesha ka dhanka ah cadowgeeda iyo la dagaalanka duullaanka. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka wuxuu si cidhiidhi ah uga fogaaday duullaan lama filaan ah oo [[Darod|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla ay si degdeg ah isu soo ururiyeen oo ay ku qasbeen duullaanka inay cararaan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia|last=Carlos-Swayne|first=Harald|year=1900|pages=138}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Magaca !Xukunka laga soo bilaabo !Xukunka illaa |- |1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' (''Garaadkii ugu horreeyay'') | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Diriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |5 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''[[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabduraxmaan]]''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(oo qaatay cinwaanka Suldaanka)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |6 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdilaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabduraxmaan | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |7 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |8 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad Askar.png|thumb|Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar oo la sawiray 1895]] Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu xilka hayay dhowr iyo soddon sano waxaana soo dhoweeyay saraakiisha Ingiriiska ee socdaalka ahayd ee u dhow xadka koonfureed ee [[British Somaliland|protectorate]] 1894 oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal [[Makonnen Wolde Mikael|Ras Makonen]] oo matalaya [[Menelik II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Soldier's Shikar Trips|page=77|publisher=Grant Richards Ltd|first=H.G|last=Mainwaring|year=1894}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ku sugan Somaliland Ingiriiska sida Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] iyo [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] waxay ka walaacsanaayeen duullaan ba'an oo ay ciidamada Abyssinia ku qaadeen magaalada soo koraysa ee [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] iyo agagaarkeeda. Garaad waxaa la xiriiray Makonen laba sano ka dib weydiisanaya isaga iyo Habar Awal inay ku biiraan [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] balse waa la diiday.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYapmF_K__8C&q=coerced+british+protection+somaliland&pg=PA121|first=Venkat|last=Ram|year=2009|isbn=9788180696244|publisher=Concept Publishing Company New Delhi}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla waxaa soo ag maray Suldaankii [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] markii ay la kulmeen abaar, Habr Yunis waxay ka codsadeen inay helaan biyoodka Habar Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Abdalla wuxuu oggolaaday codsigii balse qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beeshiisa waxay u maleeyeen inuu aad u deeqsi ahaa oo uu caawinayay Habr Yunis kharashka wanaagga xoolohooda. Hogaamiyaha dadkan waxaa ka mid ahaa wiilkiisa 15-jirka ah ee Askar. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbigii Habr Yunis ay yimaadeen waraabinta, Askar wuxuu dhex taagnaa ceelka iyo raggii isagoo ka reebay inay galaan. Waa lala taliyay doqonnimadiisa waxaana lagu amray inuu meesha ka tago oo uu addeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar oo careysan wuxuu mindhihiisii ku dhuftay ninkii canaantay waxaanu dagaal ku dhowaaday inuu qarxo falkan darted.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Gabyaa xigmad badan oo Habr Awal ah oo ka yimid [[Bulhar]] oo magaciisu ahaa Aami ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|gabay]]<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> :''Hadalada aadka u badan ayaa hore looga hadlay erayadii doqonnimada ahaa ee Yuunis'' :''Balse xukunka xaqa ah ee Alle ku dhow marka loo eego caadada hore, keenaya nabadda iyo (si adag) sida buur oo kale'' :''Aad u dhow oo ku dhuumanaya dad, cadawgaaga, ilaa waqtigii hore xusuusashadooda colaad'' :''Haddii uu yimaado waqtigii aad indho-tirtay muranka, ma aad ixtiraami lahayd'' :''Iyadoo aan la labalabayn, ayay si lama filaan ah kuugu dhaceen'' :''Dhammaan qabiilooyinka cadowga ah waxay maqleen wararka murankaaga'' :''Sida gorgorka, dhammaantood waxay si hunguri leh u eegayaan hilibkaaga!'' Xisbiyadii waxaa dhaqaajiyay erayadiisii ​​oo waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen murankoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gabadhiisa gacanteeda siiyay gabyahaha abaal-marin ahaan dadaalkiisii.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ​​u weynaa ee Askar ayaa beddelay isagoo Garaad noqday. Askar wuxuu ahaa faras-yahan xirfad leh wuxuuna ka dagaallamay duullaan uu la lahaa qaybaha koonfureed ee beesha oo ka dhan ahaa Daraawiishdii oo bilaabay inay Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka ku duulaan. [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] wuxuu ururiyay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Axmed Cabdalla iyo qaar kale, oo ay ku noolaayeen inta badan xadka gudahiisa [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 5|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 15|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref> Geeridii Askaar ka dib walaalkiis ka yar Diriiye wuxuu qaatay xilka Garaadka oo si ka duwan walaalkiis iyo aabihiis wuxuu aad u danaynayay arrimaha bulshada Habar Awal maaddaama xilli nabad qaraabo ah uu dhashay guuldarradii Daraawiishta ka dib, taas oo yareyneysay baahida loo qabo dagaalka.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=79}}</ref> Diriiye wuxuu wajahay tartan loollan ah oo ku aaddan doorkiisii ​​Garaad ahaan waxaana Habr Awal ay ku taageereen oo ay iska celiyeen ninkii isku dayay inuu booska ka qaado.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=64}}</ref> ==Laamaha== Qoys-beeleedka Isaaq, beelaha hoose waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo dheddig ah, sida ka muuqata abtirsiinta. Qaybta koowaad waa inta ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Harari people|Harari ah]] – Habar Habuusheed – iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Somali people|Soomaali ah]] oo ka tirsan beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] – Habar Magaadle. Runtii, inta badan beelaha ugu waaweyn ee qoys-beeleedka waa isbahaysi dheddig ah sidaas darteed magaca hooyada "Habar" oo af-Soomaaligii hore [[Somali language|af-Soomaali]] macnihiisu yahay "hooyo".<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC |title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|isbn = 9783825830847|last1 = Lewis|first1 = I. M.|last2 = Samatar|first2 = Said S.|year = 1999| publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref> Tani waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka ee soo socda.<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha beesha Habr Awal ee deggan Jabuuti waxay ogaatay in dhammaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanaayeen EV32 subclade ee Y-DNA [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] haplogroup aabaha ah.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iacovacci, Giuseppe|display-authors=etal|title=Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|date=2017|volume=27|pages=123–131|url=https://www.docdroid.net/Dedb2N1/forensic-data-and-microvariant-sequence0acharacterization-of-27-y-str-loci-analyzed-in-four-eastern0aafrican-countries-iacovacci-et-al-2016.pdf.html|access-date=18 January 2018|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015|pmid=28068531|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Geed qoys-beeleed oo la soo koobay oo ka mid ah hoos-qaybiyaha Habr Awal ee ugu waaweyn ayaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|title=Habr Awal|access-date=2017-04-04|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Axmed Cabdalla (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) waa [[Sultan|Safka Boqortooyada ee Suldaanka Habar Awal]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+royal+race+is+the+ayyal&pg=PA248 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> {{Tree list}}[[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Sheekh Isxaaq bin Axmed bin Maxamed]] **Habr Habuusheed ***Axmed (Tol-Ja’lo) ***[[Habr Je'lo|Muuse]] ***[[Sanbur|Ibraahim]] ***[[Ibran|Maxamed]] **Habr Magaadle ***[[Garhajis|Ismaaciil]] ***Ayuub ***[[Arap|Maxamed]] ***'''Abdiraxmaan (Habr Awal)''' ****Sacad Muuse *****Cabdixmaan Sacad *****Cabdalle Sacad *****Xasan Sacad ******Cabdalle Xasan *****Isxaaq Sacad ******Makahil *******Nuux Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Maxamed Makahil *******Xasan Makahil ********Cali Xasan ********Jibriil Xasan ********Rooble Xasan ********Cismaan Xasan *******Maxamed Isxaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isxaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Muuse (Ase) Isxaaq *******Yeesif Isxaaq *******Abokor Isxaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Cabdalle Abokor ********Xuseen Abokor *********Cismaan Xuseen (Cismaannada) *********Jibriil Xuseen **********Ismaaciil Jibriil ***********Nuux Ismaaciil ************Yuusuf Nuux (Reer Yuusuf Nuux) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Maxamed Yonis ************Axmed Nuux (Reer Axmed Nuux) ***********Saciid Ismaaciil ************Cabdalle Saciid *************Samatar Cabdalle (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Cabdalle (Reer Abane) *************Axmed Cabdalle (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) ***********Cabdalle Ismaaciil ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Idris Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismaaciil (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Yuusuf Ismaaciil ********Jibriil Abokor *********Aadan Jibriil (Bahaabar Aadan) *********Cali Jibriil **********Cumar Cali ***********Abeeb Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Abtidon Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Aadan Cumar ***********Xuseen Qawa Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Sahal Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Yonis Cumar (Dugeh) ***********Ismaaciil Cumar ************Barre Ismaaciil *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismaaciil (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismaaciil 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Cumar) ************Hoosh Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) ************Higgis Ismaaciil ************Idris Ismaaciil ************Ollow Ismaaciil ************Samatar Ismaaciil ************Qayaad Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) *********Xasan Jibriil *********Maxamed Jibriil (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibriil (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muuse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Aadan Urkurag ************Cumar Aadan ************Cali Aadan ************Axmed Aadan ****Ciise Muuse *****Aadan Ciise ******Jibriil Aadan *******Maxamud Jibriil *******Xasan Jibriil *******Ibraahim Jibriil *******Ismaaciil Jibriil *****Abokor Ciise ******Xasan Abokor *******Balle Xasan (Reer Baale) *******Muuse Xasan *****Idris Ciise ******abdiwadhawr ******rer dahir ******rer hayan ******ali wadhawr *****Mohamed Issa ******Mukhtar Mohamed ******Hassan Mohamed ******Jibriil Mohamed *******Omar Jibriil *******Abokor Jibriil *******Yonis Jibriil *******Muuse Jibriil ********Ali Muuse *********Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) *********Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays) *********Abane Ali (Reer Abane) *********Had Ali (Reer Had) *********Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid) *******Abdirahman Muuse *******Abdulle Muuse ********Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan) ********Hassan Abdulle *********Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori) *********Deriyahan Hassan ****Abdalla Muuse ****Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse) ****Egalle Muuse ****Eli Muuse ****Omar Muuse{{Tree list end}} ==Shakhsiyaadka Caanka ah iyo kuwa Saameynta Leh== [[File:MoPodiumRio2016.png|thumb|[[Mo Farah]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain.]] [[File:Ismail Ahmed.jpg|thumb|[[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxaa loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|title=Board of directors}}</ref>]] Beesha waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo ku qoran hoos: * [[Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacadde]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacadde", gabyaa caan ah xilligii gumeysiga ka hor iyo ka dib *[[Abdulrahman Deria|''Suldaan'' Cabdiraxmaan ''Garaad'' Diiriye]], Suldaankii 1aad & hoggaamihii 5aad ee Habar Awal * [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tixgeliyo kobaca hore ee iyo aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abdurahman.|first1=A|title= Making Sense of Somali History|date=2017|publisher=Adonis and Abbey|pages=80|language=en}}</ref> *[[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]], wuxuu u adegay guddoomiyaha la doortay ee SNM bishii Janaayo 1982 wuxuuna markii dambe ka shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha Guurtida ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Wuxuu awoowe u yahay [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] caanka ah. * [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah|Cabdiraxiin Abby Faarax]], [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] ee Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * [[Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid|Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid]], duqii hore ee [[Mayor of Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]]. * [[Abdishakur Iddin|Cabdishakuur Iidinta]], duqa hadda ee [[Berbera|Berbera]], caasimadda gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]]. * [[Abdul Majid Hussein|Cabdimaajid Xuseen]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Safiirkii hore ee Itoobiya u fadhiyay Qaramada Midoobay, 2001–2004. Hoggaamiyaha xisbiga [[Ethiopian Somali Democratic League]] (ESDL) ee [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] 1995 ilaa 2001. * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]], mid ka mid ah xubnihii asaasayaasha ahaa ee [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] iyo kii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoober 1981. * [[Ahmad Girri bin Husain|Axmed Gari bin Xuseen]], Taliye ku xigeenka [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo general sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] oo hoggaamiyay ciidan weyn oo ka dhan ah [[Abyssinian empire|boqortooyada Xabashida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Hassan Awke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Wariye iyo baahiyaha Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa halyeey ka tirsan [[BBC World Service]], [[Voice of America]], [[Somaliland National TV]], [[Horn Cable Television]], [[Radio Mogadishu]] iyo [[Universal Television (Somalia)|Universal TV]] iyo sidoo kale afhayeenka madaxweynaha ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] intii lagu guda jiray maamulkiisa millatariga.<ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |title=Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Yusuf Yasin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], [[Vice-President of Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland]] 2002 ilaa 2010, iyo Guddoomiyaha Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * [[Ali Abdi Farah|Cali Abdi Faarax]], Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] * [[Ali Feiruz|Cali Fayruus]], fanaan Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah oo ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somaliland]] * [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi]], Afhayeenka [[Senate of Somalia|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] iyo Senator tan iyo Janaayo 2017. * [[Gaarriye]] (dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), Gabyaa caan ah oo tixay mid ka mid ah gabayada af-Soomaaliga ee ugu caansan mawduuca heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * Jaamac Yuusuf Tamiinlaaye, oo lagu sheegay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee Daraawiishta ee 1916 ee Geoffrey Archer]] * [[Hussain Bisad|Xuseen Bisaad]], mid ka mid ah ragga ugu dheer adduunka, dhererkiisu yahay 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). Wuxuu leeyahay gacanta ugu ballaaran qof kasta oo nool. * [[Ibrahim Dheere|Ibraahim Dheere]], Waxaa loo arkaa bilyaneerka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreeya iyo qofka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu taajirsan adduunka oo leh hanti qiyaastii 1.8 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah.<ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |title=BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> * [[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ee ugu koritaanka badan adduunka waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain.<ref name="Ismael Ahmed"/> * [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], Siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah. Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]]: 1960, 1967–1969. Madaxweynaha [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * [[Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin|Maxamed Cabdillaahi Kaahin]] 'Ogsadey', Ganacsade Soomaaliyeed oo ku salaysan Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrika ah ee dhoofisa bunka oo urursaday hanti qiyaastii ah $3 Bilyan oo [[Ethiopian Birr|Birta Itoobiya]].<ref name="HIGP">{{cite news|title=Somali Entrepreneurs|url=http://salaanmedia.com/?p=24470|access-date=15 Feb 2018 |newspaper=Salaan Media |date=15 June 2017}}</ref> * [[Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Cumar]], Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]], Taliyihii hore ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] * [[Mo Farah|Maxamed Faarax]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa inuu yahay orodyahanka maraykanka ugu fiican adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/10/mo-farah-mother-somaliland |title=Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Abdi Haybe Laampad|Cabdi Haybe Laampad]] Muusikiiste Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo mid ka mid ah majaajilistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ugu fiican waqti kasta. * [[Mohamed Omar Arte|Maxamed Cumar Carte]], Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * [[Muhammad Hawadle Madar|Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya ka billow 3 Sebtembar 1990, ilaa 24 Janaayo 1991. * [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], Madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]]. * [[Nuh Ismail Tani|Nuux Ismaaciil Tani]], Taliyaha hadda ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] *[[Hussein Mohamed Bashe|Xuseen Maxamed Bashe]], Wasiirka Beeraha ee Tanzania iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka ee degmada [[Nzega]] Urban tan iyo 2015. Janaayo 2022, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Beeraha. * [[Umar Arteh Ghalib|Cumar Carte Galib]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu Soomaaliya galiyey [[ArabLeague|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 intii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay; macallin iyo gabyaa *[[Saad Ali Shire|Dr. Saad Ali Shire]], siyaasi British-Somali ah, agronomist iyo dhaqaaleyahan, oo hadda ka shaqeynaya Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Somaliland. Shire horay ayuu uga soo shaqeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland. Waxa kale oo uu soo noqday Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Horumarinta Qaranka ee Somaliland. * [[Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin|Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Koshin]], Suldaanka guud ee hadda ee beesha [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]]. *[[Mohamed se'ad Geedi|Maxamed Siciid Geedi]], Milkiilaha shirkadda fiilooyinka ugu dhaqsaha badan Geeska Afrika iyo MSG Group ee [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]] *[[Jam'a Omar Seed|Jaamaca Cumar Siciid]], Mid ka mid ah ganacsatada Somaliland iyo Jabuuti ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan xagga soo dejinta alaabta ee [[Ominco Company|Shirkadda Ominco]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Somali clans in Ethiopia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Djibouti]] [[Category:Society of Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] 1s64948gmk0zhqd7s28appn5d8mqcjr 310735 310734 2026-10-22T20:02:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* Tixraacyo */ 310735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Habar Awal | type = [[Isaaq|Beesha Isaaq]] | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Kenya]] | descended = [[Isxaaq bin Axmed]] | parent_tribe = [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] | branches = Ciise Muuse:<br /> *Abokor Ciise *Aadan Ciise *Idris Ciise *Maxamed Ciise Sacad Muuse:<br /> *Cabdixmaan Sacad *Cabdalle Sacad *Xasan Sacad *Isxaaq Sacad | language = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | image = Sultan Abdulrahman Deria.png | caption = Suldaankii Habar Awal Suldaan [[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabdiraxmaan Suldaan Diiriye]] oo jooga London 1955 si uu u codsado Deegaanka Xood ee la xannibay }} '''Habar Awal''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Subeyr Awal''' ama {{langx|so|Habar Awal}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |access-date=15 June 2016|author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah qoys-beeleedyada ugu waaweyn beel-weynta [[Isaaq]], waxayna sii kala tirsan tahay siddeed hoos-qaybood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]] iyo [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]]. Xubnaheedu waxay qayb ka yihiin isbahaysiga Habar Magadle. Habar Awal dhaqan ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqato [[Nomadic pastoralism|reer guuraa ah]], dad [[coastal|xeebaha degan]], [[merchants|ganacsato]] iyo [[farmers|beeraley]]. Waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkaa inay yihiin qabiil hodan ku ah geeska Afrika oo door weliba ka qaatay xornimada Somaliland.<ref name="Habar Awal richest Somali clan">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StAUAQAAIAAJ&q=Habar+Awal+richest+somali+tribe |title = Historical dictionary of Somalia|isbn = 9780810808300|last1 = Castagno|first1 = Margaret|year = 1975| publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> Habar Awal waa kuwo siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ahaan saameyn ku leh [[Somaliland]] iyo guud ahaan [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], waxayna degan yihiin dhulal xeebeed iyo kuwo beereed istiraatiiji ah.<ref name="Habar Awal dominates Somaliland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |title=One clan domination is complete in Somaliland |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909092044/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Habar Awal dominate Somaliland">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=habar+awal+dominate+somaliland&pg=PA135 |title = Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|isbn = 9789004222540|last1 = Renders|first1 = Marleen|date = 2012-01-20| publisher=BRILL }}</ref> ==Qaybinta== [[File:Habr Awal in Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Somaliland]] oo muujinaysa qaybinta beesha Habar Awal ee bartamaha iyo bariga Somaliland]] Beesha Habar Awal waxay inta badan ku tahay aqlabiyad gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] oo loo arko gobolka ugu dadka badan [[Somaliland]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu dadka badan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ka dib degmada [[Banaadir]]. Waxay ka mid yihiin aqlabiyadda dadka ku nool caasimadda qaranka [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] hamigooduna si gaar ah ayuu u degaa magaalooyinka beeraha ee [[Gabiley]], [[Wajaale]], [[Arabsiyo]], iyo [[Kalabaydh]]. Habar Awal sidoo kale waxay ku badan yihiin gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]], gaar ahaan caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada dekedda weyn ee [[Berbera]], magaalada dalxiiska ee [[El-Sheikh|Sheikh Suuq], magaalada dekedda taariikhiga ah ee [[Bulhar]], magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Sheikh, Somalia|Sheekh]] iyo sidoo kale [[Daarbuduq]]. Beesha sidoo kale qayb ahaan waxay degtaa qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada caasimadda ah ee [[Burao|Burco]] ee gobolka [[Togdheer]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ainabo%22|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref> Meel ka baxsan Somaliland, Habar Awal waxay sidoo kale deegaanno waaweyn ku leeyihiin [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]] halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin aqlabiyad magaalooyinka [[Harshin (woreda)|Xarshin]], [[Hart Sheik]], iyo [[Wajaale]] (Dhinaca Itoobiya). Waxay sidoo kale degaan oo xuduud la leeyihiin [[Kebri Beyah (woreda)|Geri Baay]] iyo [[Jijiga (woreda)|Jigjiga]] ee [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]]. Waxay sidoo kale degmo ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Kenya]] halkaas oo looga yaqaano qayb ka mid ah bulshada Isaxaaqiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=awal+settlement|title= Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63|last1= Omaar|first1= Rakiya|last2= Waal|first2= Alexander De|last3= McGrath|first3= Rae|last4= (Organization)|first4= African Rights|year= 1993}} |</ref> Ugu dambeyntii waxay joogitaan ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], iyagoo ka samaynaya boqolkiiba badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] dhexdeedana taariikh ahaan waxay degeen Degmada 3-aad, oo ahayd mid ka mid ah 7-da degmo ee waaweyn ee Jabuuti.<ref name="Habar Awal territory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf/|title = Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=habr+awal+live+in++awdal |title= I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy|isbn= 9780852552803|last1= Lewis|first1= I. M.|year= 1999|publisher= James Currey Publishers}}</ref> == Abtirsiimada == [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]] waa qof khuraafaad taariikhi ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |date=March 1962 |title=Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700002723 |issn=1469-5138 |quote=Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history...|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en |quote=Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA105 |title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society |date=1994 |publisher=The Red Sea Press |isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diop |first=Samba |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=8zyBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition |last2=Diop |first2=Papa Samba |date=1995 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9031-4 |pages=170 |language=en |quote=Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"}}</ref> oo la sheego inuu yimid Geeska Afrika si uu Islaamka u faafiyo qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo Somaliland ku noolaa kuwaas oo uga tagay siddeed wiil, mid ka mid ahna uu ahaa Cabdiraxmaan (Awal). Faracyada siddeedaas wiil waxay ka kooban yihiin qoys-beeleedka Isaaq.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> Qabriga Subeyr Awal, oo ah awowgii asaasaha ahaa ee Habr Awal ee [[Isaaq]], wuxuu ku yaalaa [[Jidali]] ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] kaas oo u jira qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee qabrigii awowgiis Sheekh [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]], oo ah aabahii aasaasaha ahaa ee beesha [[Isaaq]], kaas oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Maydh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiir |date=2014-08-03 |title=Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal |url=https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Geeska Afrika Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-23 |title=DAAWO; Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey |url=http://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=19418 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=WAJAALE NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay {{!}} Hubaal Media |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106120001/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.hubaalmedia.net}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== ===Xilligii Dhexe (Qabsashadii Xabashida)=== Taariikh ahaan, Habr Awal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] waxaana lagu sheegay buugga caanka ah ee "[[Futuh al-Habasha]]" tabarucaadoodii waaweynaa ee [[Ethiopian-Adal war|dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]] iyagoo ah Habr Magaadle oo ay weheliyaan Habar Yoonis, Arab, Ayuub iyo Ciidagale oo ka soo horjeeday [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]], iyo sidoo kale soo saarista shakhsi taariikhi ah oo lagu magacaabo Axmed Gari bin Xuseen kaas oo ahaa gacanta midig ee [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo taliye ciidan oo ka tirsanaa ciidamada Habr Magaadle intii uu socday dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Cadal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref> ===Sacad Muuse=== {{main|Sa'ad Musa}} [[File:Warsame Yunis.png|thumb|right|Warsame Yuunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] [[File:First footsteps in East Africa, or, An exploration of Harar (1904) (14586268478).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]], Amiirkii [[Harar|Harar]] iyo xulafo la ah Habr Awal]] Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badan sabab macaan oo ay ku leeyihiin dekedda weyn ee Soomaaliyeed ee [[Berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda iyo deegaanka ugu weyn ee beesha Habr Awal intii lagu guda jiray xilligii casriga ahaa ee hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reerahmednuux.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/piece-of-berbera-history-reer-ahmed-nuh-ismail/ |title=Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail |website=wordpress.com|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Beesha waxay xiriir adag la lahayd [[Emirate of Harar|Saldanadda Harar]] amiiraduna waxay Habr Awal ku ixtiraami jireen maxkamadooda iyadoo [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] uu xusay saameyntooda maxkamadda Amiir [[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadaladii uu la lahaa [[Vizier|Wasiirka]] Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 238}}</ref> <blockquote>Habr Awal guud ahaan waa dad hodan ah, inta badan waxaa u sabab ah ganacsiga soo mara dekedda Berbera oo ku taal dhulka Sacad Muuse. <ref>{{cite book|title= Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5 |date=1969|pages=24|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Habankan beelaha deegaanka ee uu maraayo ganacsiga weyn ama jidadka ganacsigu waxay aruuriyeen hanti badan, halka kuwa sida Reer Axmed (Ayal Ahmed), oo nasiib u yeeshay inay yeeshaan deked uu dabiicigu u hiiliyay sida Berbera, ay si dabiici ah uga dambaysay inay hodmaan.<ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Paulitschke map of Somaliland and the interior.png|thumb|300px|Khariidaddii Paulitschke oo daboolaysa waddooyinka ganacsiga muhiimka ah 1898]] [[File:Sketch Map of Northern Somali Land.png|thumb|300px|right|Waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gala Berbera iyadoo 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) ay ku sugan yihiin Berbera dhexdeeda iyo hareeraheeda iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran oo lala lahaa ganacsatada Carabta iyo Hindiya ee ka imaanayay [[Arabia|Carabtii]] iyo [[Indian subcontinent|Hindiya]]. Markii ganacsatadan ajnabiga ahi ay yimaadeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulhar]] si ay ganacsi u sameeyaan, waxaa jiray nidaam faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan nidaamka abban (ilaalin) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo Reer Yuusuf Nuux (Ayal Yuusuf) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayal Axmed) ee Sacad Muuse, Habr Awal: <blockquote>Ka hor intaanan la gaarin arrintan, iyo ka hor intaanu deggenaanshaha Ingiriisku ka dhicin Cadan 1839, Reer Yuusuf Nuux iyo Reer Axmed Nuux ee Habr Awal waxay haysteen Berbera waxayna si wadajir ah u maamulayeen ganacsigeeda, iyagoo la qaybsanayay faa'iidada dhammaan hawlaha ganacsiga iyagoo ah 'ilaaliyaal' (abban) ee ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee ka timid Carabta iyo Hindiya. Markii dhiirigelinta horumarka Cadan ay dekeddu si weyn u korodhay, Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo tiro ahaan badnaa waxay ceyriyeen ehelladoodii la tartamayay waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay iyagu yihiin madaxda ganacsiga ee Berbera. Tani waxay keentay dagaal qabiil oo dhinac walba uu raadsaday caawimaad dibedda ah; Reer Axmed Nuux ee laga adkaaday waxay u jeesteen Xaaji Shirmarke Cali iyo ehelladoodii Habar Yoonis si ay u helaan taageero. Taageeradaas ka dib, waxay awoodeen inay dib isu dhisaan oo ay ceyriyaan Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo u guuray dekedda yar ee Bulhar, dhanka galbeed ee Berbera.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I.M.|title= The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State |date=1965|publisher=Praeger|pages=35|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Berbera, 1884.png|thumb|300px|Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Habr Awal keligood ma martigelin ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee dekedahooda, balse waxay juga iyo ku mareen maraakiibtooda u gaarka ah hawlo ganacsi oo ay ku tageen dekedaha Carabta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pankhurst|first1=R.|title=Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1|date=1965|pages=45|publisher=Institute of Ethiopian Studies|language=en}}</ref> Inta badan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tegi jiray Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabta waxay ka soo jeedeen beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka soo qaadeen alaabooyin ceeriin oo kala duwan oo ka yimid Harar iyo gudaha dalka iyagoo ku beddelanayay alaabo la farsameeyay. Intii ay halkaas joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryahooda oo ay shaqo geliyeen adeegayaashooda, halka qabiilooyinka kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u badnaayeen inay la degaan qaraabo horay uga dhisnaa dhanka gacanka. ជនជាតិ. — Waa kuwo inta badan ka tirsan beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harar iyo dalka Galla, qaxwo, saffron, foolmaroodi (ivory), iyo baalasha, iyagoo ka qaata beddelkeeda zinc, naxaas, dhar ballaaran, iyo alaabooyin goosgoos ah. Waxay Cadan joogaan ilaa labaatan maalmood hal mar xilliga ganacsiga, kaas oo socda ilaa sagaal bilood, iyagoo sameeya afar safar. Intii ay deegaanka joogaan waxay kireystaan guri, waxaana la socda adeegayaashooda.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Frederick|title=An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia|date=1877|publisher=Cengage Gale|pages=41|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Street in Bulhar.png|thumb|300px|Waddo ku taal [[Bulhar]]]] Gudaha dalka, safarrada ganacsiga ee Habr Awal (khafilas) waxay ahaayeen kuwo si joogto ah loo arko sida ay sheegayaan warbixinnada Yurub ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan Gacanka Soomaalida: <blockquote>Markii ka soo amba baxnay Hargeisa waxaan u safraynay maylal badan oo dhex maraya dhul qurux badan oo park u eg, oo ay ka buuxaan shimbiraha iyo digaagga duurjoogta ah. Waxaan la kulannay safarradii caadiga ahaa ee Soomaaliyeed ee khafilas [safarrada ganacsiga] ee raggii Habr-Awal, iyagoo wada haragooda, gunka, subagga, iyo qaxwaha oo ay u wadaan dekeddayada Bulhar, oo u dhaxaysa Berbera iyo Zeyla.<ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote> Soomaalida ka timid gudaha fog, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimid [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeenya]], waxay sidoo kale ka heleen inta badan agabkooda ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay u yaqaaneen "iidoor", taas oo ahayd eedeyn macno leh oo macnaheedu yahay [[merchant|ganacsade]] ama dillaal, taas oo ahayd tixraac ku aaddan dabeecadda ganacsi ee ganacsatada Habr Awal xilligaas.<ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Habr Awal xeebaha (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah u noqdeen dillaaliin u ah qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee raba inay alaabtooda geeyaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar: <blockquote>Caadadu waxay tahay in Reer Axmed (qabiilka Berbera) ay u dhaqmaan sidii dillaaliin, oo inta badan faa'iidada badankeeda ay ku dhegganaato gacanta dillaalka. Ilaa dhawaan ma jirin Ogaadeen waligiis tagay xeebta, balse alaabta waxay ku aamineen ganacsatada xeebta.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Dublin Review, Volume 98|date=1886|pages=176|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Dagaalkii Berbera ==== {{Main|Battle of Berbera 1827}} [[File:Habr Awal Warriors.png|thumb|300px|Dagaalyahannada Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal oo u diyaargaroobaya dagaal ka dhacay u dhow [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]]]] Markii markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne'' uu isku dayay inuu ku xirto dekedda Berbera 1825 waxaa weeraray oo laayay xubno badan oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] waxay fuliyeen xayiraad waxaana qaar ka mid ah xisaabaadka ay sheegayaan duqeyn ka dhacday magaalada.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70">{{cite book|title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience|year=1977|page=70|isbn=9780226467917|publisher=9780226467917|first=David D.|last=Laitin}}</ref> 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingiriisku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna bixiyay dalab lagu dejinayo xayiraadda oo joojisay ganacsiga faa'iidada badan ee Berbera beddelkeeda magdhow. Ka dib taladan bilowgii [[Battle of Berbera 1827|Dagaalkii Berbera 1827]] wuxuu qarxay. Ka dib guuldarradii Habr Awal, 15,000 [[Spanish dollars|doolarka Isbanishka]] ayaa ay ahayd in ay bixiyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo dhimashada dadka.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70"/> [[Isaaq Sultanate|Suldaanka Isaaq]] [[Farah Guled|Faarax Garaad Guuleed]] iyo Xaaji Cali waxay u qoreen warqad [[Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi|Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi]] oo ka tirsan [[Ras Al Khaimah]] iyagoo ka codsanaya caawimaad millatari iyo dagaal diimeed oo wadajir ah oo ka dhan ah Ingiriiska.<ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٧|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Tani ma aysan rumoobin maaddaama Suldaan Saqr uu curyaamiyay [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|ololihii Gacanka Persia ee 1919]] mana uusan awoodin inuu caawimaad u diro Berbera. Marka laga reebo xaruntooda Gacanka Persia & Gacanka Cumaan, Qasimi waxay aad uga dhex muuqdeen dhanka millatariga iyo dhaqaalaha labadaba [[Gulf of Aden|Gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka illaa [[Mocha, Yemen|Mukha]] ee [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820|first=Charles E.|last=Davies|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=1997|page=167|isbn=9780859895095}}</ref> Waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo badan oo ay la lahaayeen [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], taasoo keentay in maraakiibta ka timid Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Persian Gulf|Gacanka Persia]] ay si joogto ah u xaadiraan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Zeila|Zeyla]] isla markaana ay aad u aqoon fiican u lahaayeen Isaaq.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965718|year=1965|first=Richard|last=Pankhurst|issue= 1|volume= 3|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|pages=36–81|jstor=41965718}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٢|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Natiijo ahaan, Beesha Habar Awal waxay heshiis ilaalin ah la saxiixatay [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] 14 Luulyo 1884. Habr Awal waxay sii waday inay yeelato heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh oo ay la leeyihiin xiriiradooda ajnabiga ah, kuwaas oo tiro badan ay sidoo kale ku hoos jireen xukunka Ingiriiska ee dalalkooda. Ingiriisku wuxuu ka aasaasay caasimadda [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] [[Berbera]], balse markii dambe caasimadda ay u rari doonaan [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] 1941.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=755848|title=The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute|journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=5|year=1956|pages=245–264|author=D. J. Latham Brown|issue=2|doi=10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245}}</ref> ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== ==== U Guurista Koonfureed ee Xeebta illaa Gudaha Dalka ==== [[File:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa (right).jpg|thumb|left|200 px|[[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] (midig), aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]], oo uu sawiray 1912 Ralph E Brockman]] Bartamihii qarnigii 19th Hargeisa iyo deegaanka ku xeeran waxay ahaayeen goob kulul oo ay ka taagan yihiin muranno qabiil iyadoo duullaanno lagu samaynayay safarro isku dayaya inay maraan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of African Languages |date=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=40}}</ref> Madar oo ay weheliyaan sheekhyada kale ee Suufiyada waxay Aasaaseen ''Jama'a Weyn'' ama ''jamcadda weyn'' ee Hargeysa. Jamcadda cusub waxay raacday nidaamkii 900-sano jirka ahaa ee [[Qadiriyya]] ee uu aas-aasay Shaykh-a caanka ah [[Abdul Qadir Gilani|Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani]] waxayna soo bandhigtay dhaqamo cusub oo Hargeysa u horseeday waddada ay ku noqon lahayd magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu weyn [[Somaliland]] iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu dadka badan ee Soomaali degto ilaa maanta.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Abdullahi |first1=Abdurahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar |title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 |date=2017-09-18 |publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers |isbn=9781909112797 |page=80}}</ref> Hargeisa iyo deegaankeedu waxay lahaayeen carro ku habboon iyo biyo ku filan oo loogu talagalay beeraha balse xoolo-dhaqatadu ma aysan ka faa'iidaysan xaqiiqadan. Madar oo ay la socdeen hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee ''Jam'a Weyn'' waxay soo bandhigeen beerashada [[sorghum|masagada]] iyo dhismaha cusub ee guryaha joogtada ah iyo abuurista masaajiddiisa weyn 1883.<ref name="auto3" /> Sheekh waxaa kale oo saarnaa masuuliyadda hoggaaminta salaadaha jaamacadda ee baryada ah [[Allah|Alle]] ee roobka ee cibaadada loo yaqaano ''roobdoon''.<ref name="auto5">{{cite book |last=Mire |first=Sada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6nODwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar+shrine+hargeisa&pg=PA153 |title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa |date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138368507 |page=151}}</ref> Sheekh Madar iyo Suldaan Isaaq [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] waxay ku kulmeen banaanka Hargeisa 1870 si ay uga wada hadlaan arrimaha ku saabsan magaalada cusub waxayna ku heshiiyeen in ugaarsiga iyo goynta geedaha agagaarka ah la mamnuuco.<ref>{{cite book |last=WSP Transition Programme |first=War-torn Societies Project |title=Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1 |publisher=Red Sea Press |year=2005 |page=214}}</ref> Laanta Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal waxay billowday inay degto Hargeysa iyadoo hoos imaanaysa ilaalinta Madar iyo Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye]] waxayna si farxad leh u qaateen hababka cusub ee beeraha. ''Jama'a'' waxay samaysay udub dhexaad soo jiitay reer guuraaga kale inay yimaadaan oo degaan magaalada soo koraysa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain |first=War Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Official+History+of+the+Operations+in+Somaliland,+1901-04,+Volume+1 |title=Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |year=1907 |isbn=9780344344800 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Sidoo kale, khilaafaadkii qabiilka waa la yareeyay maaddaama bulshada cusub ay ku guulaysatay inay ku midoobto aqoonsi diimeed oo la wadaago halkii ay si adag ugu salaysnaan lahayd saldhig qabiil oo dhaqameed. Iyadoo Sheekh uu ku guuleystay hawsha loo igmaday ee uu ka helay macallinkiisa Sheekh Kabiir. Hogaamiyayaasha diinta ee ''Jama'a'' waxay isku qaadeen inay naafada deegaanka ku hoos jiraan daryeelkooda.<ref name="auto3" /> ====U Ololeynta Xornimada [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]]==== Sannadkii 1955, [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]] wuxuu xubin ka ahaa wafdi ka kooban 4 siyaasiyiin iyo suldanno ah oo aaday [[London]], [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]]. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la codsado oo lagu cadaadiyo Dowladda Ingiriiska inay soo celiso dhulkii heshiiska ee lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' ee loo dhiibay [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] intii uu socday heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Mohamed |first1=Jama |title=Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960 |date=2002 |publisher=The English Historical Review |language=en}}</ref> Buugga ''Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jama Mohamed wuxuu qorayaa: <blockquote>N.U.F. waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka labada Somaliland iyo dibadda. March 1955, tusaale ahaan, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir waxay aadeen Muqdisho si ay u helaan taageerada iyo iskaashiga kooxaha waddaniyadda ee Soomaaliya. Febraayo iyo May 1955 wafdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ([[Abdillahi Deria|Suldaan Cabdilaahi Suldaan Diiriye]], iyo [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]]), iyo laba siyaasi oo muxaafid ah oo reer Galbeedka wax bartay (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Xali Maxamed Dubeh) waxay boqdeen London iyo New York. Safarkoodii London, waxay si rasmi ah u kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arrinta Xoghayaha Dawladda u qaabilsan Gumeysiga, Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali ee 1885. Heshiisyada hoostooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay qaadatay inaysan marnaba bixin, iibin, dhigan ama si kale u siin shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb ka mid ah dhulka ay degaan iyagu ama hoos imaanaya xakamayntooda'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya hoos imaanaysa heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897'. Heshiiskaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid 'isku dhacaya' heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali 'ee mudnaanta lahaa waqtiga' ka hor heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897[.] Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay ka badbadisay awoodeeda markii ay soo gabagabeysay Heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... Heshiiskii 1897 ma ahayn mid ku waajib ah qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdilaahi wuxuu sidoo kale ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn dadka Soomaaliyeed' maaddaama aan loo sheegin wadaxaajodka, iyo maaddaama Dowladda Ingiriisku ay maamulaysay deegaanka tan iyo 1941. Wufuuddu waxay codsadeen, sida uu sheegay Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan, in dib loo dhigo hirgelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafuudda waqti ay kiiskooda ku soo bandhigaan' Baarlamaanka iyo ururada caalamiga ah.<ref name="auto"/></blockquote> ===Ciise Muuse=== {{main|Issa Musa}} [[File:Ahmed Amar.png|thumb|Axmed Camar oo 23 jir ah oo ka tirsan Ciise Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte 1890]] Taariikh ahaan, Ciise Muuse waxay isticmaaleen [[Camel train|safarka]] [[trade|ganacsiga]] ee aadka u qiimaha badan ee ku yaal [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay dakhli ka heleen safarrada imanaya suuqyada magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Berbera]]. Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay soo rogaan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 unug oo ana ah halkii geel ee ay ku raran yihiin alaab.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |language=de}}</ref><blockquote>Ciise Muuse, oo aagga daaqaagu uu yahay bannaanka xeebta, waxay sidoo kale soo saaraan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 anas (qiyaastii 48 pfennigs) oo ka timaada safarrada dromedarka raran iyo 1 ana id kasta iyo riy kasta, taas oo ka timaada qabiilooyinka kale ka dib Suuqyada laga keeni doono Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |pages=228 |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>Sahamiyaha iyo juqraafiga Talyaaniga [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti|Luigi Robecchi Brichetti]] wuxuu lahaa hadal la mid ah dhanka ganacsiga safarka ee qiimaha leh, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku xusay Reer Axmed ee la xiriira ee Habar Awal - kuwaas oo haystay cinwaanka ah Abban ee Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmad&pg=PA74 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |isbn=9780705415002 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Bricchetti, Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay helaan dakhli uga mahadcelinaya taraafikada safarka mashquulka badan ee galaya & ka baxaya magaalada xeebta iyo taariikhiga ah ee Berbera<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |language=it}}</ref><blockquote>Waxay u gudbaan sida xoolo-dhaqatada geel ee xirfadda leh iyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha safarka ee caqliga leh [Ayal Achmed]. Sidoo kale waa qoysaska kala duwan ee Ciise Muuse, oo ku nool ganacsiga safarka ee Ogaadeenya, iyagoo kor u kacaya Uebi [Webi] oo raacaya waddada Faf (Fafan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |pages=632 |language=it}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Aasaaskii Saldanadda Ciise Muuse ==== Geeridii Diriiye kadib, wiilkiisii Cabdiraxmaan ayaa la Caleemo Saaray wuxuuna ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habar Awal ee isu bixiya 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaad. Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis balse wuxuu aad uga firfircoonaa arrimaha xannaanada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Milman |first=Brock |title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9780415717458 |page=79}}</ref> Markii Ciidagale ay isku dayeen inay dhacaan Ciise Muuse, wiil uu dhalay Suldaankii Habar Yoonis ayaa ku biiray duullaanka oo markii la cayrsaday raggiisii waa la dilay. Suldaankii Habar Yoonis wuxuu u yimid Cabdiraxmaan si uu u xalliyo muranka wuxuuna rabay inuu ku qasbo Ciise Muuse inay bixiyaan [[diyya|mag]] wiilka Suldaanka. Sida uu qabo [[xeer|xeerka]] dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed mag Lama bixiyo marka qof lagu dilo is-difaacid. Sidaas darteed Ciise Muuse way diideen waxayna ku dhufteen gaashaanadoodii iyagoo diidaya xukunka Cabdiraxmaan.<ref name="Progressio">{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=206}}</ref> Cismaan Haariyey oo ahaa gabyaa ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|geeraarkan]] soo socda oo muujinaya ixtiraamkiisa balse diidaya Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan. Intaas ka dib Ciise Muuse way baxeen waxayna u ambabaxeen inay caleemo saaraan Suldaankoodii ugu horreeyay, Suldaan Koshin 1949 taas oo calaamad u ahayd xornimadooda ay ka heleen walaalahooda Sacad Muuse ee waaweyn.<ref name="Progressio"/> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya |attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>| Ninka hantida ku taagan Ee masagada gurta Ninka dhimashada qoda Iyo kuwa geela ilaaliya Haddaba Suldaan ka fikir Way heshiin karaan? Suldaanow ku ma ay cayin Mana ahayn inaan ku canaanto Ma daynayo inaan ceeb kaa magdhabo Mana filayo hanti xaggaaga ah Ixtiraamka aan ku siineyno Gabdhaha dhalinyarada ah ee quruxda badan Marnaba kaama qaadan doonno Rag sidaada oo kale ah Ee aan caleenta saarnay boqor ahaan Way dib u dhigayaan Dadkii Muuse Subeer}} ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== Ciise Muuse waxay soo saareen tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaad caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed iyadoo Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah]], iyo tan ugu caansan Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]] & Madaxweynihii labaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo hoggaamiyay protectorate-kii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] xornimada Luulyo 1960 si loo dhiso [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]]. Ilaa maanta, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii keliya ee ah Isaaq ah oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somali National Flag Flying in Hargeisa 26th June 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Calanka Soomaaliya oo ka Lalnaya Hargeysa 26 Juun 1960: Calanka Cad iyo Buluugga ah ee Soomaaliya intii lagu guda jiray dabaaldegyadii Xornimada ee [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Xornimada]] 26 Juun 1960 Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] ee [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] wuxuu salaamay calanka.]] 26kii Juun 1960 Cigaal wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] ee xornimada helay dhowaan, kaas oo shan maalmood ka dib la midoobay [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] ee hore si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida 1 Luulyo 1960. Codsashada ugu muhiimsan, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]] waxay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen hoos ilaa kor hoos timaad xukunka muhiimka ah ee [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]]. Intii uu socday muddadiisa 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu ahaa [[President of Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu hub ka dhig ku sameeyo kooxaha fallaagada ah ee deegaanka, xasillooniyo dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, isla markaana uu ka dhisay xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn oo lala yeeshay dalal shisheeye. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay [[Somaliland shilling|shillingka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo calan cusub oo dib loo naqshadeeyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal wuxuu abuuray [[Military of Somaliland|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]], oo ah ciidanka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waxtarka badan ee ka jiray tan iyo intii la kala diray [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glickman |first1=Harvey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQIwAQAAIAAJ&q=habar+awal+snm |title=Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217 |year=1995 |publisher=African Studies Assoc. Press |isbn=9780918456748}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif).jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] "Jidhif", oo caan ku ah duullaankiisa qabsashada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Zeila|Zeyla]] dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii magaca [[Somali National Movement|SNM]].]] === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed === [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa urur fallaago ah oo ka jiray 1980-meeyadii illaa 1990-meeyadii. SNM-tii 1981 ee lagu aas-aasay [[London]] waxay dooratay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]] oo ka tirsanaa beesha Habar Awal guddoomiyaheedii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in ujeeddada cad ee ururku ay ahayd in la rido nidaamkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee [[military regime|maamulka millatariga]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ururisay saldhiggeeda ugu weyn ee taageerada xubnaha beesha Isaaq, oo dhisay oo taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sanado badan oo takoor nidaamsan ah oo ay geysatay dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Taliye ahaan qaybta 99aad, Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) wuxuu sidoo kale ka dhisay [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] saldhig millatari oo ku yaal [[Zeila|Zeyla]] halkaas oo [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] ay ka qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah waxayna si guul leh uga adkaatay isku day ay sameeyeen xoogagga millatariga ee USF ee daacadda u ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] kuwaas oo isku dayay inay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​dhicitaankii [[Military Junta|Dowladdii Milatariga]] ee Siyaad Barre 1991 isla markaana ay qabsadaan magaalada [[Zeila|Zeyla]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jama |first1=Hassan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=jibril+abokor+militia |title=Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia |year=2005 |publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler |isbn=9783899300758}}</ref> [[File:Muse_Bihi_official_portrait_2017_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Muse Bihi Abdi|Gashaanle Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[Somaliland]], iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]] ka hor int>**uusan u goosan [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] bartamihii 1980-meeyadii halkaas oo uu ka hoggaamiyay ciidamada fallaagada.]] Liiska Taliyeyaasha SNM ee Habar Awal ee caanka ah ([[Mujahids]]).<ref name="List of Habar Awal SNM leaders">{{cite book |last1=Forberg |first1=Ekkehard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3rAgAACAAJ&q=list+of+Habar+Awal+leaders |title=Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion |last2=Terlinden |first2=Ulf |date=13 April 1999 |publisher=BITS |isbn=9783933111012 |via=Google Books}}</ref> * Gashaanle [[Abdillahi Askar|Cabdillaahi Askar]] Barkhad {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cabdikarim Xaashi Cilmi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Dhaamaha{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Shiine{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Jaamac Sabbaan (Janan Oogo){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Dhagax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Golhaye{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Maxamed Xasan (Axmed Japan){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cali Gurey{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal Cali Xuseen Cabdi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Boobe Yuusuf Ducaale{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Hassan Yonis Habane|Xasan Yoonis Habane]] * Haybe Axmed Gure (Haybe Laambad){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Xamud Ibraahim Ismaaciil{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Professor [[Ibrahim Megag Samatar|Ibraahim Megag Samatar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ibrahim Dhagahweyne|Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne]]<ref name=hm20110715>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296964922|title=Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia|last1=Höhne|first1=Markus|date=2011-07-15|journal=ResearchGate|volume=|issue=|page=351|doi=|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]]<ref name=ip2008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|title=Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building|author=interpeace|year=2008|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galaan{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) * [[Mohamed Hashi Elmi|Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Mahdi Cali Faarax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Gashaanle [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Yahya Xaaji Ibraahim{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} == Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal == Habar Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan dheer oo hoggaamineed waxaana hoggaamiya Suldaan ka soo jeeda laanta Axmed Cabdalla - oo ahayd hoos-qayb tiro badan oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo inta badan degta [[Somali Region|Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 53}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxay door bideen inay isticmaalaan ereyga wadaniga ah ''Garaad'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilna waxay tan iyo markaas beddeleen magaca cinwaanka oo u beddeleen ''Suldaan'' inkasta oo doorku uu isku mid yahay.<ref>{{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|date=1893|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> Garaadada Habar Awal waxay soo ururin jireen rag xilliyada dagaalka waxayna xallin jireen murannada waaweyn ee qabiilooyinka kale iyagoo buuxinaya doorka nabad-doonka ugu dambeeya (''nabadoon'').<ref name="Felix 1907 115">{{cite book|first=Rosen|last=Felix|year=1907|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|page=115|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|isbn=9780274113415|language=de}}</ref> Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Biniin waxaa la Caleemo Saaray xilli la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] [[Deria Sugulleh Ainashe|Suldaan Diriiye Ainasha]], iyadoo labada qoys-beeleed ee waaweyn ay ka soo degeen hantidii [[Garhajis#Eidagale|Ciidagale]] oo ahayd madaxdii ballaaran ee [[Isaaq Sultanate|Saldanadda Isaaq]]. Geeridiisa ka dib, Habar Awal ma aysan Caleemo Saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maaddaama dhaxalsugayaasha Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la Caleemo Saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaallada ka dhacay xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habar Awal si loo ilaaliyo beesha ka dhanka ah cadowgeeda iyo la dagaalanka duullaanka. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka wuxuu si cidhiidhi ah uga fogaaday duullaan lama filaan ah oo [[Darod|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla ay si degdeg ah isu soo ururiyeen oo ay ku qasbeen duullaanka inay cararaan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia|last=Carlos-Swayne|first=Harald|year=1900|pages=138}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Magaca !Xukunka laga soo bilaabo !Xukunka illaa |- |1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' (''Garaadkii ugu horreeyay'') | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Diriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |5 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''[[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabduraxmaan]]''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(oo qaatay cinwaanka Suldaanka)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |6 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdilaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabduraxmaan | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |7 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |8 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad Askar.png|thumb|Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar oo la sawiray 1895]] Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu xilka hayay dhowr iyo soddon sano waxaana soo dhoweeyay saraakiisha Ingiriiska ee socdaalka ahayd ee u dhow xadka koonfureed ee [[British Somaliland|protectorate]] 1894 oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal [[Makonnen Wolde Mikael|Ras Makonen]] oo matalaya [[Menelik II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Soldier's Shikar Trips|page=77|publisher=Grant Richards Ltd|first=H.G|last=Mainwaring|year=1894}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ku sugan Somaliland Ingiriiska sida Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] iyo [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] waxay ka walaacsanaayeen duullaan ba'an oo ay ciidamada Abyssinia ku qaadeen magaalada soo koraysa ee [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] iyo agagaarkeeda. Garaad waxaa la xiriiray Makonen laba sano ka dib weydiisanaya isaga iyo Habar Awal inay ku biiraan [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] balse waa la diiday.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYapmF_K__8C&q=coerced+british+protection+somaliland&pg=PA121|first=Venkat|last=Ram|year=2009|isbn=9788180696244|publisher=Concept Publishing Company New Delhi}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla waxaa soo ag maray Suldaankii [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] markii ay la kulmeen abaar, Habr Yunis waxay ka codsadeen inay helaan biyoodka Habar Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Abdalla wuxuu oggolaaday codsigii balse qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beeshiisa waxay u maleeyeen inuu aad u deeqsi ahaa oo uu caawinayay Habr Yunis kharashka wanaagga xoolohooda. Hogaamiyaha dadkan waxaa ka mid ahaa wiilkiisa 15-jirka ah ee Askar. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbigii Habr Yunis ay yimaadeen waraabinta, Askar wuxuu dhex taagnaa ceelka iyo raggii isagoo ka reebay inay galaan. Waa lala taliyay doqonnimadiisa waxaana lagu amray inuu meesha ka tago oo uu addeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar oo careysan wuxuu mindhihiisii ku dhuftay ninkii canaantay waxaanu dagaal ku dhowaaday inuu qarxo falkan darted.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Gabyaa xigmad badan oo Habr Awal ah oo ka yimid [[Bulhar]] oo magaciisu ahaa Aami ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|gabay]]<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> :''Hadalada aadka u badan ayaa hore looga hadlay erayadii doqonnimada ahaa ee Yuunis'' :''Balse xukunka xaqa ah ee Alle ku dhow marka loo eego caadada hore, keenaya nabadda iyo (si adag) sida buur oo kale'' :''Aad u dhow oo ku dhuumanaya dad, cadawgaaga, ilaa waqtigii hore xusuusashadooda colaad'' :''Haddii uu yimaado waqtigii aad indho-tirtay muranka, ma aad ixtiraami lahayd'' :''Iyadoo aan la labalabayn, ayay si lama filaan ah kuugu dhaceen'' :''Dhammaan qabiilooyinka cadowga ah waxay maqleen wararka murankaaga'' :''Sida gorgorka, dhammaantood waxay si hunguri leh u eegayaan hilibkaaga!'' Xisbiyadii waxaa dhaqaajiyay erayadiisii ​​oo waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen murankoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gabadhiisa gacanteeda siiyay gabyahaha abaal-marin ahaan dadaalkiisii.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ​​u weynaa ee Askar ayaa beddelay isagoo Garaad noqday. Askar wuxuu ahaa faras-yahan xirfad leh wuxuuna ka dagaallamay duullaan uu la lahaa qaybaha koonfureed ee beesha oo ka dhan ahaa Daraawiishdii oo bilaabay inay Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka ku duulaan. [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] wuxuu ururiyay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Axmed Cabdalla iyo qaar kale, oo ay ku noolaayeen inta badan xadka gudahiisa [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 5|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 15|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref> Geeridii Askaar ka dib walaalkiis ka yar Diriiye wuxuu qaatay xilka Garaadka oo si ka duwan walaalkiis iyo aabihiis wuxuu aad u danaynayay arrimaha bulshada Habar Awal maaddaama xilli nabad qaraabo ah uu dhashay guuldarradii Daraawiishta ka dib, taas oo yareyneysay baahida loo qabo dagaalka.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=79}}</ref> Diriiye wuxuu wajahay tartan loollan ah oo ku aaddan doorkiisii ​​Garaad ahaan waxaana Habr Awal ay ku taageereen oo ay iska celiyeen ninkii isku dayay inuu booska ka qaado.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=64}}</ref> ==Laamaha== Qoys-beeleedka Isaaq, beelaha hoose waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo dheddig ah, sida ka muuqata abtirsiinta. Qaybta koowaad waa inta ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Harari people|Harari ah]] – Habar Habuusheed – iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Somali people|Soomaali ah]] oo ka tirsan beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] – Habar Magaadle. Runtii, inta badan beelaha ugu waaweyn ee qoys-beeleedka waa isbahaysi dheddig ah sidaas darteed magaca hooyada "Habar" oo af-Soomaaligii hore [[Somali language|af-Soomaali]] macnihiisu yahay "hooyo".<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC |title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|isbn = 9783825830847|last1 = Lewis|first1 = I. M.|last2 = Samatar|first2 = Said S.|year = 1999| publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref> Tani waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka ee soo socda.<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha beesha Habr Awal ee deggan Jabuuti waxay ogaatay in dhammaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanaayeen EV32 subclade ee Y-DNA [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] haplogroup aabaha ah.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iacovacci, Giuseppe|display-authors=etal|title=Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|date=2017|volume=27|pages=123–131|url=https://www.docdroid.net/Dedb2N1/forensic-data-and-microvariant-sequence0acharacterization-of-27-y-str-loci-analyzed-in-four-eastern0aafrican-countries-iacovacci-et-al-2016.pdf.html|access-date=18 January 2018|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015|pmid=28068531|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Geed qoys-beeleed oo la soo koobay oo ka mid ah hoos-qaybiyaha Habr Awal ee ugu waaweyn ayaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|title=Habr Awal|access-date=2017-04-04|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Axmed Cabdalla (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) waa [[Sultan|Safka Boqortooyada ee Suldaanka Habar Awal]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+royal+race+is+the+ayyal&pg=PA248 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> {{Tree list}}[[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Sheekh Isxaaq bin Axmed bin Maxamed]] **Habr Habuusheed ***Axmed (Tol-Ja’lo) ***[[Habr Je'lo|Muuse]] ***[[Sanbur|Ibraahim]] ***[[Ibran|Maxamed]] **Habr Magaadle ***[[Garhajis|Ismaaciil]] ***Ayuub ***[[Arap|Maxamed]] ***'''Abdiraxmaan (Habr Awal)''' ****Sacad Muuse *****Cabdixmaan Sacad *****Cabdalle Sacad *****Xasan Sacad ******Cabdalle Xasan *****Isxaaq Sacad ******Makahil *******Nuux Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Maxamed Makahil *******Xasan Makahil ********Cali Xasan ********Jibriil Xasan ********Rooble Xasan ********Cismaan Xasan *******Maxamed Isxaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isxaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Muuse (Ase) Isxaaq *******Yeesif Isxaaq *******Abokor Isxaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Cabdalle Abokor ********Xuseen Abokor *********Cismaan Xuseen (Cismaannada) *********Jibriil Xuseen **********Ismaaciil Jibriil ***********Nuux Ismaaciil ************Yuusuf Nuux (Reer Yuusuf Nuux) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Maxamed Yonis ************Axmed Nuux (Reer Axmed Nuux) ***********Saciid Ismaaciil ************Cabdalle Saciid *************Samatar Cabdalle (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Cabdalle (Reer Abane) *************Axmed Cabdalle (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) ***********Cabdalle Ismaaciil ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Idris Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismaaciil (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Yuusuf Ismaaciil ********Jibriil Abokor *********Aadan Jibriil (Bahaabar Aadan) *********Cali Jibriil **********Cumar Cali ***********Abeeb Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Abtidon Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Aadan Cumar ***********Xuseen Qawa Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Sahal Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Yonis Cumar (Dugeh) ***********Ismaaciil Cumar ************Barre Ismaaciil *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismaaciil (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismaaciil 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Cumar) ************Hoosh Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) ************Higgis Ismaaciil ************Idris Ismaaciil ************Ollow Ismaaciil ************Samatar Ismaaciil ************Qayaad Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) *********Xasan Jibriil *********Maxamed Jibriil (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibriil (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muuse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Aadan Urkurag ************Cumar Aadan ************Cali Aadan ************Axmed Aadan ****Ciise Muuse *****Aadan Ciise ******Jibriil Aadan *******Maxamud Jibriil *******Xasan Jibriil *******Ibraahim Jibriil *******Ismaaciil Jibriil *****Abokor Ciise ******Xasan Abokor *******Balle Xasan (Reer Baale) *******Muuse Xasan *****Idris Ciise ******abdiwadhawr ******rer dahir ******rer hayan ******ali wadhawr *****Mohamed Issa ******Mukhtar Mohamed ******Hassan Mohamed ******Jibriil Mohamed *******Omar Jibriil *******Abokor Jibriil *******Yonis Jibriil *******Muuse Jibriil ********Ali Muuse *********Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) *********Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays) *********Abane Ali (Reer Abane) *********Had Ali (Reer Had) *********Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid) *******Abdirahman Muuse *******Abdulle Muuse ********Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan) ********Hassan Abdulle *********Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori) *********Deriyahan Hassan ****Abdalla Muuse ****Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse) ****Egalle Muuse ****Eli Muuse ****Omar Muuse{{Tree list end}} ==Shakhsiyaadka Caanka ah iyo kuwa Saameynta Leh== [[File:MoPodiumRio2016.png|thumb|[[Mo Farah]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain.]] [[File:Ismail Ahmed.jpg|thumb|[[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxaa loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|title=Board of directors}}</ref>]] Beesha waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo ku qoran hoos: * [[Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacadde]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacadde", gabyaa caan ah xilligii gumeysiga ka hor iyo ka dib *[[Abdulrahman Deria|''Suldaan'' Cabdiraxmaan ''Garaad'' Diiriye]], Suldaankii 1aad & hoggaamihii 5aad ee Habar Awal * [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tixgeliyo kobaca hore ee iyo aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abdurahman.|first1=A|title= Making Sense of Somali History|date=2017|publisher=Adonis and Abbey|pages=80|language=en}}</ref> *[[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]], wuxuu u adegay guddoomiyaha la doortay ee SNM bishii Janaayo 1982 wuxuuna markii dambe ka shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha Guurtida ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Wuxuu awoowe u yahay [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] caanka ah. * [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah|Cabdiraxiin Abby Faarax]], [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] ee Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * [[Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid|Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid]], duqii hore ee [[Mayor of Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]]. * [[Abdishakur Iddin|Cabdishakuur Iidinta]], duqa hadda ee [[Berbera|Berbera]], caasimadda gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]]. * [[Abdul Majid Hussein|Cabdimaajid Xuseen]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Safiirkii hore ee Itoobiya u fadhiyay Qaramada Midoobay, 2001–2004. Hoggaamiyaha xisbiga [[Ethiopian Somali Democratic League]] (ESDL) ee [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] 1995 ilaa 2001. * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]], mid ka mid ah xubnihii asaasayaasha ahaa ee [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] iyo kii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoober 1981. * [[Ahmad Girri bin Husain|Axmed Gari bin Xuseen]], Taliye ku xigeenka [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo general sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] oo hoggaamiyay ciidan weyn oo ka dhan ah [[Abyssinian empire|boqortooyada Xabashida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Hassan Awke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Wariye iyo baahiyaha Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa halyeey ka tirsan [[BBC World Service]], [[Voice of America]], [[Somaliland National TV]], [[Horn Cable Television]], [[Radio Mogadishu]] iyo [[Universal Television (Somalia)|Universal TV]] iyo sidoo kale afhayeenka madaxweynaha ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] intii lagu guda jiray maamulkiisa millatariga.<ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |title=Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Yusuf Yasin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], [[Vice-President of Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland]] 2002 ilaa 2010, iyo Guddoomiyaha Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * [[Ali Abdi Farah|Cali Abdi Faarax]], Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] * [[Ali Feiruz|Cali Fayruus]], fanaan Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah oo ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somaliland]] * [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi]], Afhayeenka [[Senate of Somalia|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] iyo Senator tan iyo Janaayo 2017. * [[Gaarriye]] (dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), Gabyaa caan ah oo tixay mid ka mid ah gabayada af-Soomaaliga ee ugu caansan mawduuca heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * Jaamac Yuusuf Tamiinlaaye, oo lagu sheegay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee Daraawiishta ee 1916 ee Geoffrey Archer]] * [[Hussain Bisad|Xuseen Bisaad]], mid ka mid ah ragga ugu dheer adduunka, dhererkiisu yahay 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). Wuxuu leeyahay gacanta ugu ballaaran qof kasta oo nool. * [[Ibrahim Dheere|Ibraahim Dheere]], Waxaa loo arkaa bilyaneerka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreeya iyo qofka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu taajirsan adduunka oo leh hanti qiyaastii 1.8 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah.<ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |title=BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> * [[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ee ugu koritaanka badan adduunka waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain.<ref name="Ismael Ahmed"/> * [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], Siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah. Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]]: 1960, 1967–1969. Madaxweynaha [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * [[Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin|Maxamed Cabdillaahi Kaahin]] 'Ogsadey', Ganacsade Soomaaliyeed oo ku salaysan Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrika ah ee dhoofisa bunka oo urursaday hanti qiyaastii ah $3 Bilyan oo [[Ethiopian Birr|Birta Itoobiya]].<ref name="HIGP">{{cite news|title=Somali Entrepreneurs|url=http://salaanmedia.com/?p=24470|access-date=15 Feb 2018 |newspaper=Salaan Media |date=15 June 2017}}</ref> * [[Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Cumar]], Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]], Taliyihii hore ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] * [[Mo Farah|Maxamed Faarax]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa inuu yahay orodyahanka maraykanka ugu fiican adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/10/mo-farah-mother-somaliland |title=Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Abdi Haybe Laampad|Cabdi Haybe Laampad]] Muusikiiste Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo mid ka mid ah majaajilistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ugu fiican waqti kasta. * [[Mohamed Omar Arte|Maxamed Cumar Carte]], Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * [[Muhammad Hawadle Madar|Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya ka billow 3 Sebtembar 1990, ilaa 24 Janaayo 1991. * [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], Madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]]. * [[Nuh Ismail Tani|Nuux Ismaaciil Tani]], Taliyaha hadda ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] *[[Hussein Mohamed Bashe|Xuseen Maxamed Bashe]], Wasiirka Beeraha ee Tanzania iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka ee degmada [[Nzega]] Urban tan iyo 2015. Janaayo 2022, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Beeraha. * [[Umar Arteh Ghalib|Cumar Carte Galib]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu Soomaaliya galiyey [[ArabLeague|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 intii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay; macallin iyo gabyaa *[[Saad Ali Shire|Dr. Saad Ali Shire]], siyaasi British-Somali ah, agronomist iyo dhaqaaleyahan, oo hadda ka shaqeynaya Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Somaliland. Shire horay ayuu uga soo shaqeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland. Waxa kale oo uu soo noqday Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Horumarinta Qaranka ee Somaliland. * [[Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin|Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Koshin]], Suldaanka guud ee hadda ee beesha [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]]. *[[Mohamed se'ad Geedi|Maxamed Siciid Geedi]], Milkiilaha shirkadda fiilooyinka ugu dhaqsaha badan Geeska Afrika iyo MSG Group ee [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]] *[[Jam'a Omar Seed|Jaamaca Cumar Siciid]], Mid ka mid ah ganacsatada Somaliland iyo Jabuuti ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan xagga soo dejinta alaabta ee [[Ominco Company|Shirkadda Ominco]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} jiyxrmi7ghdk5hz7fsi109u5nhk8bfe 310736 310735 2026-10-22T20:04:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* Laamaha */ 310736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Habar Awal | type = [[Isaaq|Beesha Isaaq]] | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Kenya]] | descended = [[Isxaaq bin Axmed]] | parent_tribe = [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] | branches = Ciise Muuse:<br /> *Abokor Ciise *Aadan Ciise *Idris Ciise *Maxamed Ciise Sacad Muuse:<br /> *Cabdixmaan Sacad *Cabdalle Sacad *Xasan Sacad *Isxaaq Sacad | language = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | image = Sultan Abdulrahman Deria.png | caption = Suldaankii Habar Awal Suldaan [[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabdiraxmaan Suldaan Diiriye]] oo jooga London 1955 si uu u codsado Deegaanka Xood ee la xannibay }} '''Habar Awal''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Subeyr Awal''' ama {{langx|so|Habar Awal}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |access-date=15 June 2016|author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah qoys-beeleedyada ugu waaweyn beel-weynta [[Isaaq]], waxayna sii kala tirsan tahay siddeed hoos-qaybood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]] iyo [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]]. Xubnaheedu waxay qayb ka yihiin isbahaysiga Habar Magadle. Habar Awal dhaqan ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqato [[Nomadic pastoralism|reer guuraa ah]], dad [[coastal|xeebaha degan]], [[merchants|ganacsato]] iyo [[farmers|beeraley]]. Waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkaa inay yihiin qabiil hodan ku ah geeska Afrika oo door weliba ka qaatay xornimada Somaliland.<ref name="Habar Awal richest Somali clan">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StAUAQAAIAAJ&q=Habar+Awal+richest+somali+tribe |title = Historical dictionary of Somalia|isbn = 9780810808300|last1 = Castagno|first1 = Margaret|year = 1975| publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> Habar Awal waa kuwo siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ahaan saameyn ku leh [[Somaliland]] iyo guud ahaan [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], waxayna degan yihiin dhulal xeebeed iyo kuwo beereed istiraatiiji ah.<ref name="Habar Awal dominates Somaliland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |title=One clan domination is complete in Somaliland |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909092044/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Habar Awal dominate Somaliland">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=habar+awal+dominate+somaliland&pg=PA135 |title = Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|isbn = 9789004222540|last1 = Renders|first1 = Marleen|date = 2012-01-20| publisher=BRILL }}</ref> ==Qaybinta== [[File:Habr Awal in Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Somaliland]] oo muujinaysa qaybinta beesha Habar Awal ee bartamaha iyo bariga Somaliland]] Beesha Habar Awal waxay inta badan ku tahay aqlabiyad gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] oo loo arko gobolka ugu dadka badan [[Somaliland]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu dadka badan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ka dib degmada [[Banaadir]]. Waxay ka mid yihiin aqlabiyadda dadka ku nool caasimadda qaranka [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] hamigooduna si gaar ah ayuu u degaa magaalooyinka beeraha ee [[Gabiley]], [[Wajaale]], [[Arabsiyo]], iyo [[Kalabaydh]]. Habar Awal sidoo kale waxay ku badan yihiin gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]], gaar ahaan caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada dekedda weyn ee [[Berbera]], magaalada dalxiiska ee [[El-Sheikh|Sheikh Suuq], magaalada dekedda taariikhiga ah ee [[Bulhar]], magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Sheikh, Somalia|Sheekh]] iyo sidoo kale [[Daarbuduq]]. Beesha sidoo kale qayb ahaan waxay degtaa qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada caasimadda ah ee [[Burao|Burco]] ee gobolka [[Togdheer]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ainabo%22|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref> Meel ka baxsan Somaliland, Habar Awal waxay sidoo kale deegaanno waaweyn ku leeyihiin [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]] halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin aqlabiyad magaalooyinka [[Harshin (woreda)|Xarshin]], [[Hart Sheik]], iyo [[Wajaale]] (Dhinaca Itoobiya). Waxay sidoo kale degaan oo xuduud la leeyihiin [[Kebri Beyah (woreda)|Geri Baay]] iyo [[Jijiga (woreda)|Jigjiga]] ee [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]]. Waxay sidoo kale degmo ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Kenya]] halkaas oo looga yaqaano qayb ka mid ah bulshada Isaxaaqiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=awal+settlement|title= Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63|last1= Omaar|first1= Rakiya|last2= Waal|first2= Alexander De|last3= McGrath|first3= Rae|last4= (Organization)|first4= African Rights|year= 1993}} |</ref> Ugu dambeyntii waxay joogitaan ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], iyagoo ka samaynaya boqolkiiba badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] dhexdeedana taariikh ahaan waxay degeen Degmada 3-aad, oo ahayd mid ka mid ah 7-da degmo ee waaweyn ee Jabuuti.<ref name="Habar Awal territory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf/|title = Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=habr+awal+live+in++awdal |title= I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy|isbn= 9780852552803|last1= Lewis|first1= I. M.|year= 1999|publisher= James Currey Publishers}}</ref> == Abtirsiimada == [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]] waa qof khuraafaad taariikhi ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |date=March 1962 |title=Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700002723 |issn=1469-5138 |quote=Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history...|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en |quote=Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA105 |title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society |date=1994 |publisher=The Red Sea Press |isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diop |first=Samba |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=8zyBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition |last2=Diop |first2=Papa Samba |date=1995 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9031-4 |pages=170 |language=en |quote=Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"}}</ref> oo la sheego inuu yimid Geeska Afrika si uu Islaamka u faafiyo qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo Somaliland ku noolaa kuwaas oo uga tagay siddeed wiil, mid ka mid ahna uu ahaa Cabdiraxmaan (Awal). Faracyada siddeedaas wiil waxay ka kooban yihiin qoys-beeleedka Isaaq.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> Qabriga Subeyr Awal, oo ah awowgii asaasaha ahaa ee Habr Awal ee [[Isaaq]], wuxuu ku yaalaa [[Jidali]] ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] kaas oo u jira qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee qabrigii awowgiis Sheekh [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]], oo ah aabahii aasaasaha ahaa ee beesha [[Isaaq]], kaas oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Maydh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiir |date=2014-08-03 |title=Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal |url=https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Geeska Afrika Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-23 |title=DAAWO; Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey |url=http://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=19418 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=WAJAALE NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay {{!}} Hubaal Media |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106120001/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.hubaalmedia.net}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== ===Xilligii Dhexe (Qabsashadii Xabashida)=== Taariikh ahaan, Habr Awal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] waxaana lagu sheegay buugga caanka ah ee "[[Futuh al-Habasha]]" tabarucaadoodii waaweynaa ee [[Ethiopian-Adal war|dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]] iyagoo ah Habr Magaadle oo ay weheliyaan Habar Yoonis, Arab, Ayuub iyo Ciidagale oo ka soo horjeeday [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]], iyo sidoo kale soo saarista shakhsi taariikhi ah oo lagu magacaabo Axmed Gari bin Xuseen kaas oo ahaa gacanta midig ee [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo taliye ciidan oo ka tirsanaa ciidamada Habr Magaadle intii uu socday dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Cadal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-08-24}}</ref> ===Sacad Muuse=== {{main|Sa'ad Musa}} [[File:Warsame Yunis.png|thumb|right|Warsame Yuunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] [[File:First footsteps in East Africa, or, An exploration of Harar (1904) (14586268478).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]], Amiirkii [[Harar|Harar]] iyo xulafo la ah Habr Awal]] Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badan sabab macaan oo ay ku leeyihiin dekedda weyn ee Soomaaliyeed ee [[Berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda iyo deegaanka ugu weyn ee beesha Habr Awal intii lagu guda jiray xilligii casriga ahaa ee hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reerahmednuux.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/piece-of-berbera-history-reer-ahmed-nuh-ismail/ |title=Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail |website=wordpress.com|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Beesha waxay xiriir adag la lahayd [[Emirate of Harar|Saldanadda Harar]] amiiraduna waxay Habr Awal ku ixtiraami jireen maxkamadooda iyadoo [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] uu xusay saameyntooda maxkamadda Amiir [[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadaladii uu la lahaa [[Vizier|Wasiirka]] Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 238}}</ref> <blockquote>Habr Awal guud ahaan waa dad hodan ah, inta badan waxaa u sabab ah ganacsiga soo mara dekedda Berbera oo ku taal dhulka Sacad Muuse. <ref>{{cite book|title= Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5 |date=1969|pages=24|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Habankan beelaha deegaanka ee uu maraayo ganacsiga weyn ama jidadka ganacsigu waxay aruuriyeen hanti badan, halka kuwa sida Reer Axmed (Ayal Ahmed), oo nasiib u yeeshay inay yeeshaan deked uu dabiicigu u hiiliyay sida Berbera, ay si dabiici ah uga dambaysay inay hodmaan.<ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Paulitschke map of Somaliland and the interior.png|thumb|300px|Khariidaddii Paulitschke oo daboolaysa waddooyinka ganacsiga muhiimka ah 1898]] [[File:Sketch Map of Northern Somali Land.png|thumb|300px|right|Waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gala Berbera iyadoo 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) ay ku sugan yihiin Berbera dhexdeeda iyo hareeraheeda iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran oo lala lahaa ganacsatada Carabta iyo Hindiya ee ka imaanayay [[Arabia|Carabtii]] iyo [[Indian subcontinent|Hindiya]]. Markii ganacsatadan ajnabiga ahi ay yimaadeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulhar]] si ay ganacsi u sameeyaan, waxaa jiray nidaam faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan nidaamka abban (ilaalin) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo Reer Yuusuf Nuux (Ayal Yuusuf) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayal Axmed) ee Sacad Muuse, Habr Awal: <blockquote>Ka hor intaanan la gaarin arrintan, iyo ka hor intaanu deggenaanshaha Ingiriisku ka dhicin Cadan 1839, Reer Yuusuf Nuux iyo Reer Axmed Nuux ee Habr Awal waxay haysteen Berbera waxayna si wadajir ah u maamulayeen ganacsigeeda, iyagoo la qaybsanayay faa'iidada dhammaan hawlaha ganacsiga iyagoo ah 'ilaaliyaal' (abban) ee ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee ka timid Carabta iyo Hindiya. Markii dhiirigelinta horumarka Cadan ay dekeddu si weyn u korodhay, Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo tiro ahaan badnaa waxay ceyriyeen ehelladoodii la tartamayay waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay iyagu yihiin madaxda ganacsiga ee Berbera. Tani waxay keentay dagaal qabiil oo dhinac walba uu raadsaday caawimaad dibedda ah; Reer Axmed Nuux ee laga adkaaday waxay u jeesteen Xaaji Shirmarke Cali iyo ehelladoodii Habar Yoonis si ay u helaan taageero. Taageeradaas ka dib, waxay awoodeen inay dib isu dhisaan oo ay ceyriyaan Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo u guuray dekedda yar ee Bulhar, dhanka galbeed ee Berbera.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I.M.|title= The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State |date=1965|publisher=Praeger|pages=35|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Berbera, 1884.png|thumb|300px|Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Habr Awal keligood ma martigelin ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee dekedahooda, balse waxay juga iyo ku mareen maraakiibtooda u gaarka ah hawlo ganacsi oo ay ku tageen dekedaha Carabta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pankhurst|first1=R.|title=Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1|date=1965|pages=45|publisher=Institute of Ethiopian Studies|language=en}}</ref> Inta badan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tegi jiray Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabta waxay ka soo jeedeen beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka soo qaadeen alaabooyin ceeriin oo kala duwan oo ka yimid Harar iyo gudaha dalka iyagoo ku beddelanayay alaabo la farsameeyay. Intii ay halkaas joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryahooda oo ay shaqo geliyeen adeegayaashooda, halka qabiilooyinka kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u badnaayeen inay la degaan qaraabo horay uga dhisnaa dhanka gacanka. ជនជាតិ. — Waa kuwo inta badan ka tirsan beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harar iyo dalka Galla, qaxwo, saffron, foolmaroodi (ivory), iyo baalasha, iyagoo ka qaata beddelkeeda zinc, naxaas, dhar ballaaran, iyo alaabooyin goosgoos ah. Waxay Cadan joogaan ilaa labaatan maalmood hal mar xilliga ganacsiga, kaas oo socda ilaa sagaal bilood, iyagoo sameeya afar safar. Intii ay deegaanka joogaan waxay kireystaan guri, waxaana la socda adeegayaashooda.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Frederick|title=An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia|date=1877|publisher=Cengage Gale|pages=41|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Street in Bulhar.png|thumb|300px|Waddo ku taal [[Bulhar]]]] Gudaha dalka, safarrada ganacsiga ee Habr Awal (khafilas) waxay ahaayeen kuwo si joogto ah loo arko sida ay sheegayaan warbixinnada Yurub ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan Gacanka Soomaalida: <blockquote>Markii ka soo amba baxnay Hargeisa waxaan u safraynay maylal badan oo dhex maraya dhul qurux badan oo park u eg, oo ay ka buuxaan shimbiraha iyo digaagga duurjoogta ah. Waxaan la kulannay safarradii caadiga ahaa ee Soomaaliyeed ee khafilas [safarrada ganacsiga] ee raggii Habr-Awal, iyagoo wada haragooda, gunka, subagga, iyo qaxwaha oo ay u wadaan dekeddayada Bulhar, oo u dhaxaysa Berbera iyo Zeyla.<ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote> Soomaalida ka timid gudaha fog, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimid [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeenya]], waxay sidoo kale ka heleen inta badan agabkooda ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay u yaqaaneen "iidoor", taas oo ahayd eedeyn macno leh oo macnaheedu yahay [[merchant|ganacsade]] ama dillaal, taas oo ahayd tixraac ku aaddan dabeecadda ganacsi ee ganacsatada Habr Awal xilligaas.<ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Habr Awal xeebaha (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah u noqdeen dillaaliin u ah qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee raba inay alaabtooda geeyaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar: <blockquote>Caadadu waxay tahay in Reer Axmed (qabiilka Berbera) ay u dhaqmaan sidii dillaaliin, oo inta badan faa'iidada badankeeda ay ku dhegganaato gacanta dillaalka. Ilaa dhawaan ma jirin Ogaadeen waligiis tagay xeebta, balse alaabta waxay ku aamineen ganacsatada xeebta.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Dublin Review, Volume 98|date=1886|pages=176|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Dagaalkii Berbera ==== {{Main|Battle of Berbera 1827}} [[File:Habr Awal Warriors.png|thumb|300px|Dagaalyahannada Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal oo u diyaargaroobaya dagaal ka dhacay u dhow [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]]]] Markii markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne'' uu isku dayay inuu ku xirto dekedda Berbera 1825 waxaa weeraray oo laayay xubno badan oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] waxay fuliyeen xayiraad waxaana qaar ka mid ah xisaabaadka ay sheegayaan duqeyn ka dhacday magaalada.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70">{{cite book|title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience|year=1977|page=70|isbn=9780226467917|publisher=9780226467917|first=David D.|last=Laitin}}</ref> 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingiriisku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna bixiyay dalab lagu dejinayo xayiraadda oo joojisay ganacsiga faa'iidada badan ee Berbera beddelkeeda magdhow. Ka dib taladan bilowgii [[Battle of Berbera 1827|Dagaalkii Berbera 1827]] wuxuu qarxay. Ka dib guuldarradii Habr Awal, 15,000 [[Spanish dollars|doolarka Isbanishka]] ayaa ay ahayd in ay bixiyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo dhimashada dadka.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70"/> [[Isaaq Sultanate|Suldaanka Isaaq]] [[Farah Guled|Faarax Garaad Guuleed]] iyo Xaaji Cali waxay u qoreen warqad [[Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi|Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi]] oo ka tirsan [[Ras Al Khaimah]] iyagoo ka codsanaya caawimaad millatari iyo dagaal diimeed oo wadajir ah oo ka dhan ah Ingiriiska.<ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٧|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Tani ma aysan rumoobin maaddaama Suldaan Saqr uu curyaamiyay [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|ololihii Gacanka Persia ee 1919]] mana uusan awoodin inuu caawimaad u diro Berbera. Marka laga reebo xaruntooda Gacanka Persia & Gacanka Cumaan, Qasimi waxay aad uga dhex muuqdeen dhanka millatariga iyo dhaqaalaha labadaba [[Gulf of Aden|Gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka illaa [[Mocha, Yemen|Mukha]] ee [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820|first=Charles E.|last=Davies|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=1997|page=167|isbn=9780859895095}}</ref> Waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo badan oo ay la lahaayeen [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], taasoo keentay in maraakiibta ka timid Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Persian Gulf|Gacanka Persia]] ay si joogto ah u xaadiraan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Zeila|Zeyla]] isla markaana ay aad u aqoon fiican u lahaayeen Isaaq.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965718|year=1965|first=Richard|last=Pankhurst|issue= 1|volume= 3|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|pages=36–81|jstor=41965718}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٢|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Natiijo ahaan, Beesha Habar Awal waxay heshiis ilaalin ah la saxiixatay [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] 14 Luulyo 1884. Habr Awal waxay sii waday inay yeelato heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh oo ay la leeyihiin xiriiradooda ajnabiga ah, kuwaas oo tiro badan ay sidoo kale ku hoos jireen xukunka Ingiriiska ee dalalkooda. Ingiriisku wuxuu ka aasaasay caasimadda [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] [[Berbera]], balse markii dambe caasimadda ay u rari doonaan [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] 1941.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=755848|title=The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute|journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=5|year=1956|pages=245–264|author=D. J. Latham Brown|issue=2|doi=10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245}}</ref> ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== ==== U Guurista Koonfureed ee Xeebta illaa Gudaha Dalka ==== [[File:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa (right).jpg|thumb|left|200 px|[[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] (midig), aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]], oo uu sawiray 1912 Ralph E Brockman]] Bartamihii qarnigii 19th Hargeisa iyo deegaanka ku xeeran waxay ahaayeen goob kulul oo ay ka taagan yihiin muranno qabiil iyadoo duullaanno lagu samaynayay safarro isku dayaya inay maraan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of African Languages |date=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=40}}</ref> Madar oo ay weheliyaan sheekhyada kale ee Suufiyada waxay Aasaaseen ''Jama'a Weyn'' ama ''jamcadda weyn'' ee Hargeysa. Jamcadda cusub waxay raacday nidaamkii 900-sano jirka ahaa ee [[Qadiriyya]] ee uu aas-aasay Shaykh-a caanka ah [[Abdul Qadir Gilani|Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani]] waxayna soo bandhigtay dhaqamo cusub oo Hargeysa u horseeday waddada ay ku noqon lahayd magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu weyn [[Somaliland]] iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu dadka badan ee Soomaali degto ilaa maanta.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Abdullahi |first1=Abdurahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar |title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 |date=2017-09-18 |publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers |isbn=9781909112797 |page=80}}</ref> Hargeisa iyo deegaankeedu waxay lahaayeen carro ku habboon iyo biyo ku filan oo loogu talagalay beeraha balse xoolo-dhaqatadu ma aysan ka faa'iidaysan xaqiiqadan. Madar oo ay la socdeen hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee ''Jam'a Weyn'' waxay soo bandhigeen beerashada [[sorghum|masagada]] iyo dhismaha cusub ee guryaha joogtada ah iyo abuurista masaajiddiisa weyn 1883.<ref name="auto3" /> Sheekh waxaa kale oo saarnaa masuuliyadda hoggaaminta salaadaha jaamacadda ee baryada ah [[Allah|Alle]] ee roobka ee cibaadada loo yaqaano ''roobdoon''.<ref name="auto5">{{cite book |last=Mire |first=Sada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6nODwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar+shrine+hargeisa&pg=PA153 |title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa |date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138368507 |page=151}}</ref> Sheekh Madar iyo Suldaan Isaaq [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] waxay ku kulmeen banaanka Hargeisa 1870 si ay uga wada hadlaan arrimaha ku saabsan magaalada cusub waxayna ku heshiiyeen in ugaarsiga iyo goynta geedaha agagaarka ah la mamnuuco.<ref>{{cite book |last=WSP Transition Programme |first=War-torn Societies Project |title=Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1 |publisher=Red Sea Press |year=2005 |page=214}}</ref> Laanta Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal waxay billowday inay degto Hargeysa iyadoo hoos imaanaysa ilaalinta Madar iyo Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye]] waxayna si farxad leh u qaateen hababka cusub ee beeraha. ''Jama'a'' waxay samaysay udub dhexaad soo jiitay reer guuraaga kale inay yimaadaan oo degaan magaalada soo koraysa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain |first=War Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Official+History+of+the+Operations+in+Somaliland,+1901-04,+Volume+1 |title=Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |year=1907 |isbn=9780344344800 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Sidoo kale, khilaafaadkii qabiilka waa la yareeyay maaddaama bulshada cusub ay ku guulaysatay inay ku midoobto aqoonsi diimeed oo la wadaago halkii ay si adag ugu salaysnaan lahayd saldhig qabiil oo dhaqameed. Iyadoo Sheekh uu ku guuleystay hawsha loo igmaday ee uu ka helay macallinkiisa Sheekh Kabiir. Hogaamiyayaasha diinta ee ''Jama'a'' waxay isku qaadeen inay naafada deegaanka ku hoos jiraan daryeelkooda.<ref name="auto3" /> ====U Ololeynta Xornimada [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]]==== Sannadkii 1955, [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]] wuxuu xubin ka ahaa wafdi ka kooban 4 siyaasiyiin iyo suldanno ah oo aaday [[London]], [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]]. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la codsado oo lagu cadaadiyo Dowladda Ingiriiska inay soo celiso dhulkii heshiiska ee lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' ee loo dhiibay [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] intii uu socday heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Mohamed |first1=Jama |title=Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960 |date=2002 |publisher=The English Historical Review |language=en}}</ref> Buugga ''Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jama Mohamed wuxuu qorayaa: <blockquote>N.U.F. waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka labada Somaliland iyo dibadda. March 1955, tusaale ahaan, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir waxay aadeen Muqdisho si ay u helaan taageerada iyo iskaashiga kooxaha waddaniyadda ee Soomaaliya. Febraayo iyo May 1955 wafdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ([[Abdillahi Deria|Suldaan Cabdilaahi Suldaan Diiriye]], iyo [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]]), iyo laba siyaasi oo muxaafid ah oo reer Galbeedka wax bartay (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Xali Maxamed Dubeh) waxay boqdeen London iyo New York. Safarkoodii London, waxay si rasmi ah u kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arrinta Xoghayaha Dawladda u qaabilsan Gumeysiga, Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali ee 1885. Heshiisyada hoostooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay qaadatay inaysan marnaba bixin, iibin, dhigan ama si kale u siin shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb ka mid ah dhulka ay degaan iyagu ama hoos imaanaya xakamayntooda'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya hoos imaanaysa heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897'. Heshiiskaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid 'isku dhacaya' heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali 'ee mudnaanta lahaa waqtiga' ka hor heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897[.] Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay ka badbadisay awoodeeda markii ay soo gabagabeysay Heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... Heshiiskii 1897 ma ahayn mid ku waajib ah qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdilaahi wuxuu sidoo kale ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn dadka Soomaaliyeed' maaddaama aan loo sheegin wadaxaajodka, iyo maaddaama Dowladda Ingiriisku ay maamulaysay deegaanka tan iyo 1941. Wufuuddu waxay codsadeen, sida uu sheegay Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan, in dib loo dhigo hirgelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafuudda waqti ay kiiskooda ku soo bandhigaan' Baarlamaanka iyo ururada caalamiga ah.<ref name="auto"/></blockquote> ===Ciise Muuse=== {{main|Issa Musa}} [[File:Ahmed Amar.png|thumb|Axmed Camar oo 23 jir ah oo ka tirsan Ciise Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte 1890]] Taariikh ahaan, Ciise Muuse waxay isticmaaleen [[Camel train|safarka]] [[trade|ganacsiga]] ee aadka u qiimaha badan ee ku yaal [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay dakhli ka heleen safarrada imanaya suuqyada magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Berbera]]. Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay soo rogaan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 unug oo ana ah halkii geel ee ay ku raran yihiin alaab.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |language=de}}</ref><blockquote>Ciise Muuse, oo aagga daaqaagu uu yahay bannaanka xeebta, waxay sidoo kale soo saaraan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 anas (qiyaastii 48 pfennigs) oo ka timaada safarrada dromedarka raran iyo 1 ana id kasta iyo riy kasta, taas oo ka timaada qabiilooyinka kale ka dib Suuqyada laga keeni doono Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |pages=228 |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>Sahamiyaha iyo juqraafiga Talyaaniga [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti|Luigi Robecchi Brichetti]] wuxuu lahaa hadal la mid ah dhanka ganacsiga safarka ee qiimaha leh, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku xusay Reer Axmed ee la xiriira ee Habar Awal - kuwaas oo haystay cinwaanka ah Abban ee Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmad&pg=PA74 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |isbn=9780705415002 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Bricchetti, Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay helaan dakhli uga mahadcelinaya taraafikada safarka mashquulka badan ee galaya & ka baxaya magaalada xeebta iyo taariikhiga ah ee Berbera<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |language=it}}</ref><blockquote>Waxay u gudbaan sida xoolo-dhaqatada geel ee xirfadda leh iyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha safarka ee caqliga leh [Ayal Achmed]. Sidoo kale waa qoysaska kala duwan ee Ciise Muuse, oo ku nool ganacsiga safarka ee Ogaadeenya, iyagoo kor u kacaya Uebi [Webi] oo raacaya waddada Faf (Fafan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |pages=632 |language=it}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Aasaaskii Saldanadda Ciise Muuse ==== Geeridii Diriiye kadib, wiilkiisii Cabdiraxmaan ayaa la Caleemo Saaray wuxuuna ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habar Awal ee isu bixiya 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaad. Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis balse wuxuu aad uga firfircoonaa arrimaha xannaanada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Milman |first=Brock |title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9780415717458 |page=79}}</ref> Markii Ciidagale ay isku dayeen inay dhacaan Ciise Muuse, wiil uu dhalay Suldaankii Habar Yoonis ayaa ku biiray duullaanka oo markii la cayrsaday raggiisii waa la dilay. Suldaankii Habar Yoonis wuxuu u yimid Cabdiraxmaan si uu u xalliyo muranka wuxuuna rabay inuu ku qasbo Ciise Muuse inay bixiyaan [[diyya|mag]] wiilka Suldaanka. Sida uu qabo [[xeer|xeerka]] dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed mag Lama bixiyo marka qof lagu dilo is-difaacid. Sidaas darteed Ciise Muuse way diideen waxayna ku dhufteen gaashaanadoodii iyagoo diidaya xukunka Cabdiraxmaan.<ref name="Progressio">{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=206}}</ref> Cismaan Haariyey oo ahaa gabyaa ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|geeraarkan]] soo socda oo muujinaya ixtiraamkiisa balse diidaya Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan. Intaas ka dib Ciise Muuse way baxeen waxayna u ambabaxeen inay caleemo saaraan Suldaankoodii ugu horreeyay, Suldaan Koshin 1949 taas oo calaamad u ahayd xornimadooda ay ka heleen walaalahooda Sacad Muuse ee waaweyn.<ref name="Progressio"/> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya |attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>| Ninka hantida ku taagan Ee masagada gurta Ninka dhimashada qoda Iyo kuwa geela ilaaliya Haddaba Suldaan ka fikir Way heshiin karaan? Suldaanow ku ma ay cayin Mana ahayn inaan ku canaanto Ma daynayo inaan ceeb kaa magdhabo Mana filayo hanti xaggaaga ah Ixtiraamka aan ku siineyno Gabdhaha dhalinyarada ah ee quruxda badan Marnaba kaama qaadan doonno Rag sidaada oo kale ah Ee aan caleenta saarnay boqor ahaan Way dib u dhigayaan Dadkii Muuse Subeer}} ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== Ciise Muuse waxay soo saareen tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaad caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed iyadoo Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah]], iyo tan ugu caansan Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]] & Madaxweynihii labaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo hoggaamiyay protectorate-kii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] xornimada Luulyo 1960 si loo dhiso [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]]. Ilaa maanta, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii keliya ee ah Isaaq ah oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somali National Flag Flying in Hargeisa 26th June 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Calanka Soomaaliya oo ka Lalnaya Hargeysa 26 Juun 1960: Calanka Cad iyo Buluugga ah ee Soomaaliya intii lagu guda jiray dabaaldegyadii Xornimada ee [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Xornimada]] 26 Juun 1960 Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] ee [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] wuxuu salaamay calanka.]] 26kii Juun 1960 Cigaal wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] ee xornimada helay dhowaan, kaas oo shan maalmood ka dib la midoobay [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] ee hore si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida 1 Luulyo 1960. Codsashada ugu muhiimsan, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]] waxay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen hoos ilaa kor hoos timaad xukunka muhiimka ah ee [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]]. Intii uu socday muddadiisa 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu ahaa [[President of Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu hub ka dhig ku sameeyo kooxaha fallaagada ah ee deegaanka, xasillooniyo dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, isla markaana uu ka dhisay xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn oo lala yeeshay dalal shisheeye. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay [[Somaliland shilling|shillingka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo calan cusub oo dib loo naqshadeeyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal wuxuu abuuray [[Military of Somaliland|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]], oo ah ciidanka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waxtarka badan ee ka jiray tan iyo intii la kala diray [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glickman |first1=Harvey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQIwAQAAIAAJ&q=habar+awal+snm |title=Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217 |year=1995 |publisher=African Studies Assoc. Press |isbn=9780918456748}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif).jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] "Jidhif", oo caan ku ah duullaankiisa qabsashada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Zeila|Zeyla]] dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii magaca [[Somali National Movement|SNM]].]] === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed === [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa urur fallaago ah oo ka jiray 1980-meeyadii illaa 1990-meeyadii. SNM-tii 1981 ee lagu aas-aasay [[London]] waxay dooratay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]] oo ka tirsanaa beesha Habar Awal guddoomiyaheedii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in ujeeddada cad ee ururku ay ahayd in la rido nidaamkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee [[military regime|maamulka millatariga]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ururisay saldhiggeeda ugu weyn ee taageerada xubnaha beesha Isaaq, oo dhisay oo taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sanado badan oo takoor nidaamsan ah oo ay geysatay dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Taliye ahaan qaybta 99aad, Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) wuxuu sidoo kale ka dhisay [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] saldhig millatari oo ku yaal [[Zeila|Zeyla]] halkaas oo [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] ay ka qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah waxayna si guul leh uga adkaatay isku day ay sameeyeen xoogagga millatariga ee USF ee daacadda u ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] kuwaas oo isku dayay inay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​dhicitaankii [[Military Junta|Dowladdii Milatariga]] ee Siyaad Barre 1991 isla markaana ay qabsadaan magaalada [[Zeila|Zeyla]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jama |first1=Hassan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=jibril+abokor+militia |title=Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia |year=2005 |publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler |isbn=9783899300758}}</ref> [[File:Muse_Bihi_official_portrait_2017_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Muse Bihi Abdi|Gashaanle Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[Somaliland]], iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]] ka hor int>**uusan u goosan [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] bartamihii 1980-meeyadii halkaas oo uu ka hoggaamiyay ciidamada fallaagada.]] Liiska Taliyeyaasha SNM ee Habar Awal ee caanka ah ([[Mujahids]]).<ref name="List of Habar Awal SNM leaders">{{cite book |last1=Forberg |first1=Ekkehard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3rAgAACAAJ&q=list+of+Habar+Awal+leaders |title=Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion |last2=Terlinden |first2=Ulf |date=13 April 1999 |publisher=BITS |isbn=9783933111012 |via=Google Books}}</ref> * Gashaanle [[Abdillahi Askar|Cabdillaahi Askar]] Barkhad {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cabdikarim Xaashi Cilmi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Dhaamaha{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Shiine{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Jaamac Sabbaan (Janan Oogo){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Dhagax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Golhaye{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Maxamed Xasan (Axmed Japan){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cali Gurey{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal Cali Xuseen Cabdi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Boobe Yuusuf Ducaale{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Hassan Yonis Habane|Xasan Yoonis Habane]] * Haybe Axmed Gure (Haybe Laambad){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Xamud Ibraahim Ismaaciil{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Professor [[Ibrahim Megag Samatar|Ibraahim Megag Samatar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ibrahim Dhagahweyne|Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne]]<ref name=hm20110715>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296964922|title=Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia|last1=Höhne|first1=Markus|date=2011-07-15|journal=ResearchGate|volume=|issue=|page=351|doi=|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]]<ref name=ip2008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|title=Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building|author=interpeace|year=2008|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galaan{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) * [[Mohamed Hashi Elmi|Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Mahdi Cali Faarax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Gashaanle [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Yahya Xaaji Ibraahim{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} == Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal == Habar Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan dheer oo hoggaamineed waxaana hoggaamiya Suldaan ka soo jeeda laanta Axmed Cabdalla - oo ahayd hoos-qayb tiro badan oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo inta badan degta [[Somali Region|Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 53}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxay door bideen inay isticmaalaan ereyga wadaniga ah ''Garaad'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilna waxay tan iyo markaas beddeleen magaca cinwaanka oo u beddeleen ''Suldaan'' inkasta oo doorku uu isku mid yahay.<ref>{{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|date=1893|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> Garaadada Habar Awal waxay soo ururin jireen rag xilliyada dagaalka waxayna xallin jireen murannada waaweyn ee qabiilooyinka kale iyagoo buuxinaya doorka nabad-doonka ugu dambeeya (''nabadoon'').<ref name="Felix 1907 115">{{cite book|first=Rosen|last=Felix|year=1907|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|page=115|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|isbn=9780274113415|language=de}}</ref> Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Biniin waxaa la Caleemo Saaray xilli la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] [[Deria Sugulleh Ainashe|Suldaan Diriiye Ainasha]], iyadoo labada qoys-beeleed ee waaweyn ay ka soo degeen hantidii [[Garhajis#Eidagale|Ciidagale]] oo ahayd madaxdii ballaaran ee [[Isaaq Sultanate|Saldanadda Isaaq]]. Geeridiisa ka dib, Habar Awal ma aysan Caleemo Saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maaddaama dhaxalsugayaasha Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la Caleemo Saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaallada ka dhacay xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habar Awal si loo ilaaliyo beesha ka dhanka ah cadowgeeda iyo la dagaalanka duullaanka. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka wuxuu si cidhiidhi ah uga fogaaday duullaan lama filaan ah oo [[Darod|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla ay si degdeg ah isu soo ururiyeen oo ay ku qasbeen duullaanka inay cararaan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia|last=Carlos-Swayne|first=Harald|year=1900|pages=138}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Magaca !Xukunka laga soo bilaabo !Xukunka illaa |- |1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' (''Garaadkii ugu horreeyay'') | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Diriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |5 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''[[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabduraxmaan]]''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(oo qaatay cinwaanka Suldaanka)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |6 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdilaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabduraxmaan | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |7 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |8 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad Askar.png|thumb|Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar oo la sawiray 1895]] Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu xilka hayay dhowr iyo soddon sano waxaana soo dhoweeyay saraakiisha Ingiriiska ee socdaalka ahayd ee u dhow xadka koonfureed ee [[British Somaliland|protectorate]] 1894 oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal [[Makonnen Wolde Mikael|Ras Makonen]] oo matalaya [[Menelik II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Soldier's Shikar Trips|page=77|publisher=Grant Richards Ltd|first=H.G|last=Mainwaring|year=1894}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ku sugan Somaliland Ingiriiska sida Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] iyo [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] waxay ka walaacsanaayeen duullaan ba'an oo ay ciidamada Abyssinia ku qaadeen magaalada soo koraysa ee [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] iyo agagaarkeeda. Garaad waxaa la xiriiray Makonen laba sano ka dib weydiisanaya isaga iyo Habar Awal inay ku biiraan [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] balse waa la diiday.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYapmF_K__8C&q=coerced+british+protection+somaliland&pg=PA121|first=Venkat|last=Ram|year=2009|isbn=9788180696244|publisher=Concept Publishing Company New Delhi}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla waxaa soo ag maray Suldaankii [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] markii ay la kulmeen abaar, Habr Yunis waxay ka codsadeen inay helaan biyoodka Habar Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Abdalla wuxuu oggolaaday codsigii balse qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beeshiisa waxay u maleeyeen inuu aad u deeqsi ahaa oo uu caawinayay Habr Yunis kharashka wanaagga xoolohooda. Hogaamiyaha dadkan waxaa ka mid ahaa wiilkiisa 15-jirka ah ee Askar. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbigii Habr Yunis ay yimaadeen waraabinta, Askar wuxuu dhex taagnaa ceelka iyo raggii isagoo ka reebay inay galaan. Waa lala taliyay doqonnimadiisa waxaana lagu amray inuu meesha ka tago oo uu addeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar oo careysan wuxuu mindhihiisii ku dhuftay ninkii canaantay waxaanu dagaal ku dhowaaday inuu qarxo falkan darted.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Gabyaa xigmad badan oo Habr Awal ah oo ka yimid [[Bulhar]] oo magaciisu ahaa Aami ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|gabay]]<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> :''Hadalada aadka u badan ayaa hore looga hadlay erayadii doqonnimada ahaa ee Yuunis'' :''Balse xukunka xaqa ah ee Alle ku dhow marka loo eego caadada hore, keenaya nabadda iyo (si adag) sida buur oo kale'' :''Aad u dhow oo ku dhuumanaya dad, cadawgaaga, ilaa waqtigii hore xusuusashadooda colaad'' :''Haddii uu yimaado waqtigii aad indho-tirtay muranka, ma aad ixtiraami lahayd'' :''Iyadoo aan la labalabayn, ayay si lama filaan ah kuugu dhaceen'' :''Dhammaan qabiilooyinka cadowga ah waxay maqleen wararka murankaaga'' :''Sida gorgorka, dhammaantood waxay si hunguri leh u eegayaan hilibkaaga!'' Xisbiyadii waxaa dhaqaajiyay erayadiisii ​​oo waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen murankoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gabadhiisa gacanteeda siiyay gabyahaha abaal-marin ahaan dadaalkiisii.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ​​u weynaa ee Askar ayaa beddelay isagoo Garaad noqday. Askar wuxuu ahaa faras-yahan xirfad leh wuxuuna ka dagaallamay duullaan uu la lahaa qaybaha koonfureed ee beesha oo ka dhan ahaa Daraawiishdii oo bilaabay inay Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka ku duulaan. [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] wuxuu ururiyay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Axmed Cabdalla iyo qaar kale, oo ay ku noolaayeen inta badan xadka gudahiisa [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 5|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 15|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref> Geeridii Askaar ka dib walaalkiis ka yar Diriiye wuxuu qaatay xilka Garaadka oo si ka duwan walaalkiis iyo aabihiis wuxuu aad u danaynayay arrimaha bulshada Habar Awal maaddaama xilli nabad qaraabo ah uu dhashay guuldarradii Daraawiishta ka dib, taas oo yareyneysay baahida loo qabo dagaalka.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=79}}</ref> Diriiye wuxuu wajahay tartan loollan ah oo ku aaddan doorkiisii ​​Garaad ahaan waxaana Habr Awal ay ku taageereen oo ay iska celiyeen ninkii isku dayay inuu booska ka qaado.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=64}}</ref> ==Laamaha== Qoys-beeleedka Isaaq, beelaha hoose waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo dheddig ah, sida ka muuqata abtirsiinta. Qaybta koowaad waa inta ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Harari people|Harari ah]] – Habar Habuusheed – iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Somali people|Soomaali ah]] oo ka tirsan beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] – Habar Magaadle. Runtii, inta badan beelaha ugu waaweyn ee qoys-beeleedka waa isbahaysi dheddig ah sidaas darteed magaca hooyada "Habar" oo af-Soomaaligii hore [[Somali language|af-Soomaali]] macnihiisu yahay "hooyo".<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC |title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|isbn = 9783825830847|last1 = Lewis|first1 = I. M.|last2 = Samatar|first2 = Said S.|year = 1999| publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref> Tani waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka ee soo socda.<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha beesha Habr Awal ee deggan Jabuuti waxay ogaatay in dhammaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanaayeen EV32 subclade ee Y-DNA [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] haplogroup aabaha ah.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iacovacci, Giuseppe|display-authors=etal|title=Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|date=2017|volume=27|pages=123–131|url=https://www.docdroid.net/Dedb2N1/forensic-data-and-microvariant-sequence0acharacterization-of-27-y-str-loci-analyzed-in-four-eastern0aafrican-countries-iacovacci-et-al-2016.pdf.html|access-date=18 January 2018|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015|pmid=28068531|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Geed qoys-beeleed oo la soo koobay oo ka mid ah hoos-qaybiyaha Habr Awal ee ugu waaweyn ayaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|title=Habr Awal|access-date=2017-04-04|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Axmed Cabdalla (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) waa [[Sultan|Safka Boqortooyada ee Suldaanka Habar Awal]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+royal+race+is+the+ayyal&pg=PA248 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> {{Tree list}}[[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Sheekh Isxaaq bin Axmed bin Maxamed]] **Habr Habuusheed ***Axmed (Tol-Ja’lo) ***[[Habr Je'lo|Muuse]] ***[[Sanbur|Ibraahim]] ***[[Ibran|Maxamed]] **Habr Magaadle ***[[Garhajis|Ismaaciil]] ***Ayuub ***[[Arap|Maxamed]] ***'''Abdiraxmaan (Habr Awal)''' ****Sacad Muuse *****Cabdixmaan Sacad *****Cabdalle Sacad *****Xasan Sacad ******Cabdalle Xasan *****Isxaaq Sacad ******Makahil *******Nuux Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Maxamed Makahil *******Xasan Makahil ********Cali Xasan ********Jibriil Xasan ********Rooble Xasan ********Cismaan Xasan *******Maxamed Isxaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isxaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Muuse (Ase) Isxaaq *******Yeesif Isxaaq *******Abokor Isxaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Cabdalle Abokor ********Xuseen Abokor *********Cismaan Xuseen (Cismaannada) *********Jibriil Xuseen **********Ismaaciil Jibriil ***********Nuux Ismaaciil ************Yuusuf Nuux (Reer Yuusuf Nuux) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Maxamed Yonis ************Axmed Nuux (Reer Axmed Nuux) ***********Saciid Ismaaciil ************Cabdalle Saciid *************Samatar Cabdalle (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Cabdalle (Reer Abane) *************Axmed Cabdalle (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) ***********Cabdalle Ismaaciil ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Idris Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismaaciil (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Yuusuf Ismaaciil ********Jibriil Abokor *********Aadan Jibriil (Bahaabar Aadan) *********Cali Jibriil **********Cumar Cali ***********Abeeb Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Abtidon Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Aadan Cumar ***********Xuseen Qawa Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Sahal Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Yonis Cumar (Dugeh) ***********Ismaaciil Cumar ************Barre Ismaaciil *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismaaciil (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismaaciil 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Cumar) ************Hoosh Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) ************Higgis Ismaaciil ************Idris Ismaaciil ************Ollow Ismaaciil ************Samatar Ismaaciil ************Qayaad Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) *********Xasan Jibriil *********Maxamed Jibriil (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibriil (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muuse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Aadan Urkurag ************Cumar Aadan ************Cali Aadan ************Axmed Aadan ****Ciise Muuse *****Aadan Ciise ******Jibriil Aadan *******Maxamud Jibriil *******Xasan Jibriil *******Ibraahim Jibriil *******Ismaaciil Jibriil *****Abokor Ciise ******Xasan Abokor *******Balle Xasan (Reer Baale) *******Muuse Xasan *****Idris Ciise ******abdiwadhawr ******rer dahir ******rer hayan ******ali wadhawr *****Mohamed Issa ******Mukhtar Mohamed ******Hassan Mohamed ******Jibriil Mohamed *******Omar Jibriil *******Abokor Jibriil *******Yonis Jibriil *******Muuse Jibriil ********Ali Muuse *********Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) *********Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays) *********Abane Ali (Reer Abane) *********Had Ali (Reer Had) *********Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid) *******Abdirahman Muuse *******Abdulle Muuse ********Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan) ********Hassan Abdulle *********Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori) *********Deriyahan Hassan ****Abdalla Muuse ****Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse) ****Egalle Muuse ****Eli Muuse ****Omar Muuse{{Tree list end}} ==Shakhsiyaadka Caanka ah iyo kuwa Saameynta Leh== [[File:MoPodiumRio2016.png|thumb|[[Mo Farah]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain.]] [[File:Ismail Ahmed.jpg|thumb|[[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxaa loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|title=Board of directors}}</ref>]] Beesha waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo ku qoran hoos: * [[Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacadde]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacadde", gabyaa caan ah xilligii gumeysiga ka hor iyo ka dib *[[Abdulrahman Deria|''Suldaan'' Cabdiraxmaan ''Garaad'' Diiriye]], Suldaankii 1aad & hoggaamihii 5aad ee Habar Awal * [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tixgeliyo kobaca hore ee iyo aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abdurahman.|first1=A|title= Making Sense of Somali History|date=2017|publisher=Adonis and Abbey|pages=80|language=en}}</ref> *[[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]], wuxuu u adegay guddoomiyaha la doortay ee SNM bishii Janaayo 1982 wuxuuna markii dambe ka shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha Guurtida ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Wuxuu awoowe u yahay [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] caanka ah. * [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah|Cabdiraxiin Abby Faarax]], [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] ee Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * [[Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid|Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid]], duqii hore ee [[Mayor of Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]]. * [[Abdishakur Iddin|Cabdishakuur Iidinta]], duqa hadda ee [[Berbera|Berbera]], caasimadda gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]]. * [[Abdul Majid Hussein|Cabdimaajid Xuseen]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Safiirkii hore ee Itoobiya u fadhiyay Qaramada Midoobay, 2001–2004. Hoggaamiyaha xisbiga [[Ethiopian Somali Democratic League]] (ESDL) ee [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] 1995 ilaa 2001. * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]], mid ka mid ah xubnihii asaasayaasha ahaa ee [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] iyo kii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoober 1981. * [[Ahmad Girri bin Husain|Axmed Gari bin Xuseen]], Taliye ku xigeenka [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo general sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] oo hoggaamiyay ciidan weyn oo ka dhan ah [[Abyssinian empire|boqortooyada Xabashida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Hassan Awke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Wariye iyo baahiyaha Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa halyeey ka tirsan [[BBC World Service]], [[Voice of America]], [[Somaliland National TV]], [[Horn Cable Television]], [[Radio Mogadishu]] iyo [[Universal Television (Somalia)|Universal TV]] iyo sidoo kale afhayeenka madaxweynaha ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] intii lagu guda jiray maamulkiisa millatariga.<ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |title=Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Yusuf Yasin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], [[Vice-President of Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland]] 2002 ilaa 2010, iyo Guddoomiyaha Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * [[Ali Abdi Farah|Cali Abdi Faarax]], Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] * [[Ali Feiruz|Cali Fayruus]], fanaan Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah oo ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somaliland]] * [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi]], Afhayeenka [[Senate of Somalia|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] iyo Senator tan iyo Janaayo 2017. * [[Gaarriye]] (dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), Gabyaa caan ah oo tixay mid ka mid ah gabayada af-Soomaaliga ee ugu caansan mawduuca heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * Jaamac Yuusuf Tamiinlaaye, oo lagu sheegay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee Daraawiishta ee 1916 ee Geoffrey Archer]] * [[Hussain Bisad|Xuseen Bisaad]], mid ka mid ah ragga ugu dheer adduunka, dhererkiisu yahay 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). Wuxuu leeyahay gacanta ugu ballaaran qof kasta oo nool. * [[Ibrahim Dheere|Ibraahim Dheere]], Waxaa loo arkaa bilyaneerka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreeya iyo qofka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu taajirsan adduunka oo leh hanti qiyaastii 1.8 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah.<ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |title=BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> * [[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ee ugu koritaanka badan adduunka waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain.<ref name="Ismael Ahmed"/> * [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], Siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah. Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]]: 1960, 1967–1969. Madaxweynaha [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * [[Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin|Maxamed Cabdillaahi Kaahin]] 'Ogsadey', Ganacsade Soomaaliyeed oo ku salaysan Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrika ah ee dhoofisa bunka oo urursaday hanti qiyaastii ah $3 Bilyan oo [[Ethiopian Birr|Birta Itoobiya]].<ref name="HIGP">{{cite news|title=Somali Entrepreneurs|url=http://salaanmedia.com/?p=24470|access-date=15 Feb 2018 |newspaper=Salaan Media |date=15 June 2017}}</ref> * [[Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Cumar]], Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]], Taliyihii hore ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] * [[Mo Farah|Maxamed Faarax]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa inuu yahay orodyahanka maraykanka ugu fiican adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/10/mo-farah-mother-somaliland |title=Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Abdi Haybe Laampad|Cabdi Haybe Laampad]] Muusikiiste Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo mid ka mid ah majaajilistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ugu fiican waqti kasta. * [[Mohamed Omar Arte|Maxamed Cumar Carte]], Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * [[Muhammad Hawadle Madar|Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya ka billow 3 Sebtembar 1990, ilaa 24 Janaayo 1991. * [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], Madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]]. * [[Nuh Ismail Tani|Nuux Ismaaciil Tani]], Taliyaha hadda ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] *[[Hussein Mohamed Bashe|Xuseen Maxamed Bashe]], Wasiirka Beeraha ee Tanzania iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka ee degmada [[Nzega]] Urban tan iyo 2015. Janaayo 2022, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Beeraha. * [[Umar Arteh Ghalib|Cumar Carte Galib]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu Soomaaliya galiyey [[ArabLeague|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 intii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay; macallin iyo gabyaa *[[Saad Ali Shire|Dr. Saad Ali Shire]], siyaasi British-Somali ah, agronomist iyo dhaqaaleyahan, oo hadda ka shaqeynaya Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Somaliland. Shire horay ayuu uga soo shaqeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland. Waxa kale oo uu soo noqday Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Horumarinta Qaranka ee Somaliland. * [[Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin|Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Koshin]], Suldaanka guud ee hadda ee beesha [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]]. *[[Mohamed se'ad Geedi|Maxamed Siciid Geedi]], Milkiilaha shirkadda fiilooyinka ugu dhaqsaha badan Geeska Afrika iyo MSG Group ee [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]] *[[Jam'a Omar Seed|Jaamaca Cumar Siciid]], Mid ka mid ah ganacsatada Somaliland iyo Jabuuti ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan xagga soo dejinta alaabta ee [[Ominco Company|Shirkadda Ominco]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} iq28ackyx288w3xrtqrzcekcdyga6m1 0 33104 310739 223837 2026-10-23T04:45:42Z PaulLim11 47953 Image 310739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=Ailee|image=Ailee at Korea Expo Los Angeles 2026-1.jpg|image_upright=1|alt=|caption=Ailee ee 2026|birth_name=Amy Lee|birth_date={{birth date and age|1989|5|30}}|birth_place=[[Denver]], Kolorado, Maraykanka.|alias=Lee Ye-jin|occupation=|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = [[K-pop]]<br>[[J-pop]] | Instrument = Cod | years_active = 2011–hada | label = Muzo<br>YMC<br>JSJ<br>Warner Japan<br>WestSide<br>Rocket3<br>The L1ve | associated_acts = *[[Wheesung]] *[[Baechigi]] *[[Eric Nam]] *[[Amber Liu]] *[[Hyolyn]] | website = {{URL|http://rocket3-ent.com/ailee/eng/main/|Ailee}} }}|module2=}} '''Amy Lee''' (wuxuu dhashay Maajo 30, 1989), oo xirfad ahaan loo yaqaan '''Ailee''', waa fanaanad Koonfur Kuuriya Kuuriya-Mareykan ah. [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] == Xiriirinta dibedda == {{Commons category|Ailee}} [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop Mareykanka]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Idolyasha dhedig Koonfur Kuuriya]] 3h65q02jzfszgpvqnt5xsmc58uzcqi7 0 41332 310723 276674 2026-10-22T15:34:10Z Cigaal.7 47942 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 310723 wikitext text/x-wiki M-Empire : <small>''1700 -1990''</small> [[File:Saldanadii Ogaden.jpg|thumb]] '''<small>SALDANADII MAALINGUUR</small>''' waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah saldanadihii ugu awoodda badnaa ee ka hanaqaaday geeska Afrika, gaar ahaan dhulka ay Soomaalidu dagto. Saldanaddan waxaa xukumi jiray beesha '''Ogaden''' gaar ahaan jifada <small>'''Reer'''</small> '''Ugaas Samatar''' kuwaas oo caan ku ahaa hoggaamin, suugaanta, iyo halgankii ay uga soo horjeedeen gumeysiga. '''Aas-aaska iyo Taariikhda Saldanadda''' Saldanadda Maalinguur waxay soo ifbaxday xilli ay Soomaalidu ku jirtay qaab-dhismeed beeleed, waxaana saldanaddan saldhig u ahayd re '''<code>''<small>Ugaas Samatar</small>''</code>''' oo duubka boqorka hayay iyo qabiilo badan oo ka tirsan beelaha Soomaaliyeed oo Saldanada hoos joogay Sida: '''Dir, Daarood, Hawiye, isaaq iyo Sheekhaal''' iyo jofooyinka Ogaden badankood. Saldanadan waxay bilaabatay xili lagu qiyaasay 1700’s -1800’s waxaana Aas-aaskeedu ku timaaday markii Ogaden dhaxdoodu isku Mari waayeen Ugaasnimada beesha ee laba dhinac loo kala saftay ugu danbayna ay timaaday in la kala guuro, waxaana Ogaden badankii raaceen '''Ugaas Warfa ugaas faarax Samatar''' kadib Shirkii caleema saarka ayaa ka dhacay Sasabane, sidoo kale waxaa Sasabane lagu caleemo saaray '''ugaas Xuseen''' kadib dhimashadii Aabihii ugaas warfaa oo waakii '''<u>Raage Ugaas Warfaa</u>''' Lahaa dhimashadii Ugaas Xuseen <small>'''„ Boqorkaan Saf iyo faro lahayn wa Sakaar dumaye'''</small> <small>'''dhaaxaa sidii siiqda wabi saa naloo sidaye'''</small> <small>'''Shir Sasabane ah oo saadanbe ah amase Saakuun'''</small> <small>'''suxulkaa kasoo leef markuu badawgu soo yaamo'''</small> <small>'''ragii kala sabaalayn jiray iyo Saan cadaa madhaye “'''</small> Shirkaas kadib saldanadu kuma koobnaan Ogaden kaliya ee Dir, Daarood, Hawiye, [[Sheekhaal]] iyo Isaaq ba qayb bay ka noqdeen . '''Hoggaamiyeyaashii Caanka ahaa ee Saldanadda Maalinguur''' '''''<small>Reer Ugaas Samatar</small>''''', oo ah jifada xukumi jirtay saldanadda, waxay dhaleen hoggaamiyeyaal caan ah oo taariikhda Soomaaliyeed baal dahab ah ka galay, sida: # '''Raage Ugaas''' – Waxaa loo yaqaan ''The Father of Somali Poetry'' maadaama uu ahaa suugaanyahan sare oo suugaantiisu ay salka ku haysay caddaaladda, maamul wanaagga, iyo geesinimada. 2. '''Cumar Ugaas''' – Wuxuu ahaa ugaaskii ugu awoodda badnaa ee Ogaden, Asagoo xukumi jiray qabiilada u dhaxeeya Garxajis ilaa wabi Shabeele 3. '''Mahdi Ayuub Guuleed -''' wuxuu ahaa siyaasigii oogu saamaynta badnaa DDS, asagoo lagu xasuusto • <small>Toogashadii shanta Sargaal dhacdadii wardheer .</small> <small>• Afganbigii uu ku sameeyay Madaxwayne Ciid daahir iyo Leegadii</small> <small>• Siyaasadiisii muuqatay iyo Halgan qabiili iyo somalinimo ba!</small> 4. '''Sarhaye Cali Duule :''' wuxuu ahaa Abaanduulihii ka danbeeyay jabkii rayidka 5. '''Ugaas Xuseen''' 6. '''Ugaas Muxumed''' 7. '''Maxamed dahir shekh muxumed''' 8. '''Sheekh Maxamud Maalinguur''' Sheekh Maxamuud Maalinguur waxuu ahaa siyaasi ka mid ahaa madaxda ururka SYL ee u halgamay xoriyada Soomaaliya. Waxuu Sheekha ahaa Xogayaha Guud SYL waxuuna laba goor hayay xil wasiir dowladda SYL isaga oo mar noqday waziirka Cadaalada marna qabtay xilka waziirka danaha Soomaalida oo ahayd wasaarad loo abuuray inay ka shaqeyso xoreynta dhulalka Soomaalida aan weli gobonimo qaadan. Sheekh Maxamuud Maalinguur mudada xukunka SYL waxuuna ahaa Xildhibaan laga soo doorto degmada [[Afmadow]]. Sheekh Maxamuud Maalinguur waxuu ku dhashay agagaarka degmada Dhagaxmadow 1912kii waxuuna ku geeriyooday dalka Emaraadka Carabta 2003dii 9. '''Ismaaciil Qoorleex''' 10. '''Aw faarax Jibriil''' 11. '''Shahiid Iimaan cubeed''' 12. '''Shahiid''' '''Mustafe haybe''' 13. '''Shahiid Sheekh cabdi cizi''' 14. '''Shahiid Cabdi Saxane''' '''Hoggaamiyeyaal kale''' – Waxaa ka dhashay madax badan oo kaalin weyn ka qaatay siyaasadda, suugaanta, iyo halganka Soomaaliyeed. Buugaag badan oo taariikhda Soomaaliyeed wax ka qoray ayaa xusaya doorkii ay saldanaddani ka ciyaartay arrimaha siyaasadeed, dhaqaalaha, iyo difaaca dhulka Soomaaliyeed. 2pbtusk9iuoumsxphwzmn50slavol5c 10 53630 310699 2026-10-22T13:03:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Fadlan qaybaha ku dar meesha loogu talagalay ee hoose ee boggan, interwikis-ka na Wikidata (eeg [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} Tusmadan waxaa loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo xilal rasmi ah oo kala duwan. Loogu ma talagalin oo kaliya "xafiisyada siyaasadda", laakiin waxaa sidoo xitaa loo isticmaali karaa adeegga bulshada, diblomaasiyadda, kaniisadda, garsoorka, fulinta sharciga, ciidanka iyo xilalka kale oo rasmi ah iyo kuwo joogto ah. Fiiro gaar ah oo ah in astaantan loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo maqaallada ku saabsan '''''xilka''''' laftiisa, halkii dadka xilligan haya oo kaliya. Astaanta loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo maqaallada ku saabsan qofka dhabta ah ee xilka haya ama hore u soo qabtay, eeg: {{tlx|Infobox officeholder}}. == Isticmaalka == {{Parameter names example | post | body | native_name | insignia | insignia_size | insignia_caption | insignia_alt | insignia_class | flag | flag_size | flag_alt | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_class | image | image_size | alt | image_caption | image_class | incumbent | acting | incumbent_since | department | style | type | status | abbreviation | member_of | reports_to | residence | seat | nominator | appointer | appointer_qualified | term_length | term_length_qualified | constituting_instrument | precursor | superseded_by | inaugural | formation | first | last | abolished | succession | unofficial_names | deputy | salary | website | footnotes }} Lahaanshaha dhammaan xuduudaha waa ikhtiyaari, marka laga reebo ''post''. Waxaa doorbidaya in la lahaa wikilinks ka dhigo dadka, hay'adaha iyo walxaha kale ee ku jira astaanta meel kasta oo ay suurtogal tahay. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = | body = | native_name = <!--{{native name||}} --> | insignia = | insignia_size = | insignia_caption = | insignia_alt = | insignia_class = | flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_border = | flag_caption = | flag_class = | image = | image_size = | alt = | image_caption = | image_class = | incumbent = | acting = | incumbent_since = | department = | style = | type = | status = | abbreviation = | member_of = | reports_to = | residence = | seat = | nominator = | appointer = | appointer_qualified = | term_length = | term_length_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | inaugural = | formation = | first = | last = | abolished = | superseded_by = | succession = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = | website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}--> | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Xuduudaha == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = <!-- Waa waajib. Wikilinks halkan lagu ma daro. --> | body = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | native_name = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | insignia = <!-- Astaanta; sida calaamad, logo, shaabad, ama calaamad kale oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | insignia_size = <!-- Tusaale, "150px". Cabbirka hore waa 120px. --> | insignia_caption = <!-- Sharaxaad gaaban oo ku saabsan astaanta sare lagu muujiyay. --> | insignia_alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | insignia_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado astaanta. --> | flag = <!-- Calan, ama calaamad amar oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | flag_size = <!-- Tusaale "150px". Cabbirka hore waa 120px. --> | flag_border = <!-- "yes" si loogu daro xad ku dhow calanka --> | flag_caption = <!-- Sharaxaad gaaban oo ku saabsan calanka lagu muujiyay sare. --> | flag_alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | flag_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado calanka. --> | image = <!-- Sawirka qofka hadda xilka haya. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | image_size = <!-- Tusaale, "150px" --> | alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | image_caption = <!-- Ikhtiyaari; waa la tirtiri doonaa haddii 'incumbent' la isticmaalo --> | image_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado sawirka. --> | incumbent = <!-- Magaca qofka hadda xilka haya --> | acting = <!-- "y" ama "yes" haddii xil-hayaha uu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah --> | incumbent_since = <!-- Taariikhda uu qofka hadda xilka qabtay --> | department = <!-- Hay'adda uu mas'uulkan hoggaamiyo, ama uu qayb ka yahay. --> | style = <!-- Habka rasmiga ah ee loogu baaqo xilkan. --> | type = | status = | abbreviation = <!-- Soo gaabinta rasmiga ah --> | member_of = <!-- Kooxda joogtada ah ee uu xilku (aan ahayn qofka) xubin ka yahay, t.s. kabinet, gudi, komishan, maamul, politburo wsb. --> | reports_to = <!-- Mas'uulka ama kormeeraha tooska ah ee xilkan. Aan ahayn mid keliya, wuxuu noqon karaa dhowr. --> | residence = <!-- Magaca guriga rasmiga ah, haddii uu jiro. --> | seat = <!-- Meesha uu xafiisku ku yaal. Haddii guriga iyo meesha shaqadu ku yaallaan meelo kala duwan, halkan ku buuxi meesha shaqada. --> | nominator = <!-- Magaca xilka/hay'adda (aan ahayn qofka xilka haya) oo si rasmi ah u magacaabaya qof xilkan qabta. --> | appointer = <!-- Magaca xilka/hay'adda (aan ahayn qofka xilka haya) oo si rasmi ah u magacaaba qof xilkan qabta. --> | appointer_qualified = <!-- Meel loogu talagalay bayaan u-qudho ah. --> | term_length = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | term_length_qualified = <!-- Meel loogu talagalay bayaan u-qudho ah. --> | constituting_instrument = <!-- Dukumentiga(da) rasmiga ah ee bixiya aasaaska sharciga ah ee xilka. --> | precursor = <!-- Xilka(da) ka horreeyay tooska ah, haddii ay jiraan. --> | inaugural = | formation = <!-- Taariikhda uu xilkani abuurmay, ama uu qofkii ugu horreeyay xilka qabtay. --> | first = <!-- Magaca qofkii ugu horreeyay ee xilkan qabtay. --> | last = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | abolished = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | succession = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | unofficial_names = <!-- Magacyada aan rasmiga ahayn/dhaqanka ah ee xilkan lagu garanyo. --> | deputy = <!-- Magaca xilka(da) kale ee awoodda u leh in uu u taagdo xilkan. --> | salary = <!-- Mushaharka rasmiga ah, ama cadadka dhabta ah ee la helo. --> | website = <!-- Xiriirinta shabakadda rasmiga ah, haddii ay jirto. --> | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Tusaalooyin == === Tusaalaha 1 === {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />European Commission | flag = Flag of Europe.svg | flag_size = 100px | flag_caption = [[Flag of Europe|Commission emblem (EU flag)]] | flag_alt = Flag of the European Union | image = José Manuel Barroso MEDEF.jpg | alt = José Manuel Barroso | incumbent = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | incumbent_since = 23 November 2004 | member_of = [[European Commission]] | seat = [[Berlaymont building]], [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] | nominator = [[European Council]]<br />on the basis of the latest [[Elections in the European Union|European elections]] | appointer = [[European Parliament]] | term_length = Five years | constituting_instrument = [[Treaties of the European Union]] | formation = 1 January 1958 | inaugural = [[Walter Hallstein]] | deputy = [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] | salary = €24,422.80 per month | website = [https://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm ec.europa.eu/president] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />European Commission | flag = Flag of Europe.svg | flag_size = 100px | flag_caption = [[Flag of Europe|Commission emblem (EU flag)]] | flag_alt = Flag of the European Union | image = José Manuel Barroso MEDEF.jpg | alt = José Manuel Barroso | incumbent = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | incumbent_since = 23 November 2004 | member_of = [[European Commission]] | seat = [[Berlaymont building]], [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] | nominator = [[European Council]]<br />on the basis of the latest [[Elections in the European Union|European elections]] | appointer = [[European Parliament]] | term_length = Five years | constituting_instrument = [[Treaties of the European Union]] | formation = 1 January 1958 | inaugural = [[Walter Hallstein]] | deputy = [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] | salary = €24,422.80 per month | website = [https://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm ec.europa.eu/president] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === Tusaalaha 2 === {{Infobox official post | post = Secretary of Defense of the United States of America | flag = Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg | flag_size = 120px | flag_caption = Flag of the Secretary of Defense | flag_alt = Secretary of Defense official flag | insignia = US Department of Defense seal.svg | insignia_size = 110px | insignia_caption = Seal of the Department of Defense | insignia_alt = Department of Defense official seal | incumbent_since = {{start date|2013|02|27}} | image = Chuck Hagel Defense portrait.jpg | alt = Chuck Hagel, Secretary of Defense | incumbent = [[Chuck Hagel]] | style = ''Mister Secretary'' | member_of = {{ubl|[[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]|[[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]]}} | department = {{ubl|[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]|[[Office of the Secretary of Defense|OSD]]}} | reports_to = The [[President of the United States|President]] | seat = [[The Pentagon]], [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]] | appointer = The [[President of the United States|President]] | appointer_qualified = with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]] | term_length = No fixed term | constituting_instrument = {{ubl|{{UnitedStatesCode|10|113}}|{{UnitedStatesCode|50|401}}}} | precursor = {{ubl|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]|and [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]}} | formation = September 19, 1947 | inaugural = [[James Forrestal]] | succession = Sixth<br/>in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]] | deputy = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]<br/>(principal deputy<br/>[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br/>(military deputy) | salary = [[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level 1]] | website = {{URL|https://www.defense.gov/}} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = Secretary of Defense of the United States of America | flag = Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg | flag_size = 120px | flag_caption = Flag of the Secretary of Defense | flag_alt = Secretary of Defense official flag | insignia = United States Department of Defense Seal.svg | insignia_size = 110px | insignia_caption = Seal of the Department of Defense | insignia_alt = Department of Defense official seal | incumbent_since = {{start date|2013|02|27}} | image = Chuck Hagel Defense portrait.jpg | alt = Chuck Hagel, Secretary of Defense | incumbent = [[Chuck Hagel]] | style = ''Mister Secretary'' | member_of = {{ubl|[[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]|[[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]]}} | department = {{ubl|[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]|[[Office of the Secretary of Defense|OSD]]}} | reports_to = The [[President of the United States|President]] | seat = [[The Pentagon]], [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]] | appointer = The [[President of the United States|President]] | appointer_qualified = with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]] | term_length = No fixed term | constituting_instrument = {{ubl|{{UnitedStatesCode|10|113}}|{{UnitedStatesCode|50|401}}}} | precursor = {{ubl|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]|and [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]}} | formation = September 19, 1947 | inaugural = [[James Forrestal]] | succession = Sixth<br/>in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]] | deputy = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]<br/>(principal deputy)<br/>[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br/>(military deputy) | salary = [[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level 1]] | website = {{URL|https://www.defense.gov/}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Xogta Astaanta == {{collapse top|title=[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] dukumentiga loo isticmaalo [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] iyo qalabka kale}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "post": { "label": "Xilka", "description": "Magaca xilka, ha ku darin xiriirinta wikilinks", "example": "President", "type": "string", "required": true, "aliases": [ "name" ] }, "body": { "label": "Hay'adda", "description": "Magaca hay'adda uu xilkani ka tirsan yahay", "example": "the European Commission", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "native_name": { "label": "Magaca u dhashay", "type": "line", "description": "Waddammada aan ku hadlin Ingiriisida, magaca u dhashay ee xilka", "example": "{{lang|zh-hans|中华人民共和国主席}}" }, "flag": { "label": "Sawirka calanka", "description": "Calan, ama calaamad amar oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "flag_size": { "label": "Cabbirka calanka", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka calanka", "type": "string" }, "flag_border": { "label": "Xadkeeda calanka", "description": "U dhig yes ama no", "example": "yes", "type": "string" }, "flag_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada calanka", "type": "content", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan sawirka calanka" }, "flag_class": { "label": "Klaska calanka", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee sawirka calanka" }, "insignia": { "label": "Sawirka astaanta", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "Astaanta rasmiga ah ee xilka", "example": "Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury.svg" }, "insignia_size": { "label": "Cabbirka astaanta", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka sawirka astaanta", "type": "string" }, "insignia_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada astaanta", "type": "string", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan astaanta rasmiga ah ee xilka", "example": "Seal of the Department of the Treasury" }, "insignia_class": { "label": "Klaska astaanta", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee astaanta" }, "image": { "label": "Sawirka", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "Sawirka qofka xilka haya", "example": "Steven Mnuchin official photo (cropped).jpg", "suggested": true }, "image_size": { "label": "Cabbirka sawirka", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka sawirka, oo ku jira qaabka px", "type": "string" }, "alt": { "label": "Qoraalka doorashada", "description": "Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka", "type": "string" }, "image_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada sawirka", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan sawirka", "type": "string" }, "image_class": { "label": "Klaska sawirka", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee sawirka" }, "incumbent": { "label": "Xil-haya", "type": "line", "description": "Magaca qofka hadda haya doorkan", "example": "[[Steven Mnuchin]]", "suggested": true }, "acting": { "label": "Ku-meel-gaar", "description": "U dhig y ama yes haddii xil-hayaha uu ku-meel-gaar yahay", "example": "yes", "aliases": [ "Acting" ] }, "incumbent_since": { "label": "Xil-haya tan iyo", "description": "Taariikhda uu qofka xilka qabtay", "type": "string" }, "type": { "label": "Curiya", "type": "string" }, "status": { "label": "Xaaladda", "type": "string" }, "department": { "label": "Waxsaarka", "description": "Hay'adda mas'uulku hoggaamiyo ama uu qayb ka yahay", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "Sida loogu baaqo", "description": "Habka loogu baaqo xilkan", "example": "Mister Secretary", "type": "string" }, "member_of": { "label": "Xubin ka mid ah", "description": "Kooxda uu xilkani qayb ka yahay", "example": "Cabinet", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "memberof" ] }, "reports_to": { "label": "Wuxuu u soo gudbiyaa", "description": "Mas'uulka sare ee tooska ah ee xilkan", "example": "The President", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "reportsto" ] }, "residence": { "label": "Guriga rasmiga ah", "description": "Magaca guriga rasmiga ah", "type": "string" }, "seat": { "label": "Xafiiska", "description": "Meesha uu xafiisku ku yaal", "type": "string", "example": "[[Washington, D.C.]]" }, "nominator": { "label": "Magacaabayasha", "description": "Magaca xilka ama hay'adda, aan ahayn qofka xilka haya", "type": "string" }, "appointer": { "label": "Loo magacaabay", "description": "Magaca xilka ama hay'adda magacaabeysa doorkan, aan ahayn qofka haya", "type": "string", "example": "The [[President of the United States|President]]" }, "appointer_qualified": { "label": "Caddaynta magacaabaha", "example": "with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]]", "description": "Fariin caddayn ah oo lagu muujiyay hoos magaca xafiiska magacaabaya ama hay'adda", "type": "line" }, "term_length": { "label": "Muddada xilka", "type": "string", "description": "muddada uu xilka rasmiga ahi socdo", "example": "4 years" }, "term_length_qualified": { "label": "Caddaynta muddada xilka", "description": "Fariin caddayn ah oo lagu muujiyay hoos muddada xilka", "example": "No restriction on renewal", "type": "line" }, "constituting_instrument": { "label": "Dukumentiga aasaaska", "description": "Dukumentiga(da) rasmiga ah ee bixiya aasaaska sharciga ah ee xilka", "type": "string" }, "precursor": { "label": "Horeeyay", "description": "Xilka ka horreeyay tooska ah", "type": "string" }, "formation": { "label": "Taariikhda abuurista", "description": "Taariikhda la abuuray xilka ama qofkii ugu horreeyay uu qabtay", "type": "string" }, "first": { "label": "Qofkii ugu horreeyay", "description": "Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee xilkan qabtay", "type": "string" }, "last": { "label": "Qofkii ugu dambeeyay", "description": "Qofkii ugu dambeeyay ee xilkan qabtay", "type": "string" }, "abolished": { "label": "La baabbi'iyay", "description": "Taariikhda la baabbi'iyay", "type": "string" }, "succession": { "label": "Khadka dhaxalka", "type": "string", "description": "Heerka dhaxalka ee xafiiskan", "example": "[[United States presidential line of succession|Fifth]]<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/3/19</ref>" }, "abbreviation": { "label": "Soo gaabinta rasmiga ah", "type": "string" }, "unofficial_names": { "label": "Magacyada aan rasmiga ahayn", "type": "string" }, "deputy": { "label": "Kuxigeenka", "type": "string", "description": "Wikilink-ga xafiiska kuxigeenka doorkan", "example": "[[Vice President of the People's Republic of China|Vice President]]" }, "salary": { "label": "Mushaharka", "type": "content", "description": "Mushaharka xafiiskan", "example": "[[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level I]]<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|5|5312}}</ref>" }, "website": { "label": "Shabakadda", "type": "url" }, "width": {}, "insignia_alt": {}, "flag_alt": {}, "inaugural": {}, "footnotes_title": {}, "footnotes": {}, "child": {}, "embed": {}, "incumbent_label": {}, "superseded_by": {} }, "description": "Infobox loogu talagalay xilalka rasmiga ah", "format": "block" } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Sidoo kale eeg == <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Fadlan qaybaha ku dar hoosta xaddan; interwikis-ka na Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> t4ybgxb6h9zew8nt074qzzglat6ck7q 310700 310699 2026-10-22T13:03:41Z Isma4l 41797 310700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Fadlan qaybaha ku dar meesha loogu talagalay ee hoose ee boggan, interwikis-ka na Wikidata (eeg [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} Tusmadan waxaa loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo xilal rasmi ah oo kala duwan. Loogu ma talagalin oo kaliya "xafiisyada siyaasadda", laakiin waxaa sidoo xitaa loo isticmaali karaa adeegga bulshada, diblomaasiyadda, kaniisadda, garsoorka, fulinta sharciga, ciidanka iyo xilalka kale oo rasmi ah iyo kuwo joogto ah. Fiiro gaar ah oo ah in astaantan loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo maqaallada ku saabsan '''''xilka''''' laftiisa, halkii dadka xilligan haya oo kaliya. Astaanta loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo maqaallada ku saabsan qofka dhabta ah ee xilka haya ama hore u soo qabtay, eeg: {{tlx|Infobox officeholder}}. == Isticmaalka == {{Parameter names example | post | body | native_name | insignia | insignia_size | insignia_caption | insignia_alt | insignia_class | flag | flag_size | flag_alt | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_class | image | image_size | alt | image_caption | image_class | incumbent | acting | incumbent_since | department | style | type | status | abbreviation | member_of | reports_to | residence | seat | nominator | appointer | appointer_qualified | term_length | term_length_qualified | constituting_instrument | precursor | superseded_by | inaugural | formation | first | last | abolished | succession | unofficial_names | deputy | salary | website | footnotes }} Lahaanshaha dhammaan xuduudaha waa ikhtiyaari, marka laga reebo ''post''. Waxaa doorbidaya in la lahaa wikilinks ka dhigo dadka, hay'adaha iyo walxaha kale ee ku jira astaanta meel kasta oo ay suurtogal tahay. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = | body = | native_name = <!--{{native name||}} --> | insignia = | insignia_size = | insignia_caption = | insignia_alt = | insignia_class = | flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_border = | flag_caption = | flag_class = | image = | image_size = | alt = | image_caption = | image_class = | incumbent = | acting = | incumbent_since = | department = | style = | type = | status = | abbreviation = | member_of = | reports_to = | residence = | seat = | nominator = | appointer = | appointer_qualified = | term_length = | term_length_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | inaugural = | formation = | first = | last = | abolished = | superseded_by = | succession = | unofficial_names = | deputy = | salary = | website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}--> | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Xuduudaha == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = <!-- Waa waajib. Wikilinks halkan lagu ma daro. --> | body = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | native_name = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | insignia = <!-- Astaanta; sida calaamad, logo, shaabad, ama calaamad kale oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | insignia_size = <!-- Tusaale, "150px". Cabbirka hore waa 120px. --> | insignia_caption = <!-- Sharaxaad gaaban oo ku saabsan astaanta sare lagu muujiyay. --> | insignia_alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | insignia_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado astaanta. --> | flag = <!-- Calan, ama calaamad amar oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | flag_size = <!-- Tusaale "150px". Cabbirka hore waa 120px. --> | flag_border = <!-- "yes" si loogu daro xad ku dhow calanka --> | flag_caption = <!-- Sharaxaad gaaban oo ku saabsan calanka lagu muujiyay sare. --> | flag_alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | flag_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado calanka. --> | image = <!-- Sawirka qofka hadda xilka haya. Kaliya magaca sawirka, meesha "File:" ama "Image:" la ka saaray. --> | image_size = <!-- Tusaale, "150px" --> | alt = <!-- Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka. --> | image_caption = <!-- Ikhtiyaari; waa la tirtiri doonaa haddii 'incumbent' la isticmaalo --> | image_class = <!-- Klaska CSS ee la adeegsado sawirka. --> | incumbent = <!-- Magaca qofka hadda xilka haya --> | acting = <!-- "y" ama "yes" haddii xil-hayaha uu yahay mid ku-meel-gaar ah --> | incumbent_since = <!-- Taariikhda uu qofka hadda xilka qabtay --> | department = <!-- Hay'adda uu mas'uulkan hoggaamiyo, ama uu qayb ka yahay. --> | style = <!-- Habka rasmiga ah ee loogu baaqo xilkan. --> | type = | status = | abbreviation = <!-- Soo gaabinta rasmiga ah --> | member_of = <!-- Kooxda joogtada ah ee uu xilku (aan ahayn qofka) xubin ka yahay, t.s. kabinet, gudi, komishan, maamul, politburo wsb. --> | reports_to = <!-- Mas'uulka ama kormeeraha tooska ah ee xilkan. Aan ahayn mid keliya, wuxuu noqon karaa dhowr. --> | residence = <!-- Magaca guriga rasmiga ah, haddii uu jiro. --> | seat = <!-- Meesha uu xafiisku ku yaal. Haddii guriga iyo meesha shaqadu ku yaallaan meelo kala duwan, halkan ku buuxi meesha shaqada. --> | nominator = <!-- Magaca xilka/hay'adda (aan ahayn qofka xilka haya) oo si rasmi ah u magacaabaya qof xilkan qabta. --> | appointer = <!-- Magaca xilka/hay'adda (aan ahayn qofka xilka haya) oo si rasmi ah u magacaaba qof xilkan qabta. --> | appointer_qualified = <!-- Meel loogu talagalay bayaan u-qudho ah. --> | term_length = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | term_length_qualified = <!-- Meel loogu talagalay bayaan u-qudho ah. --> | constituting_instrument = <!-- Dukumentiga(da) rasmiga ah ee bixiya aasaaska sharciga ah ee xilka. --> | precursor = <!-- Xilka(da) ka horreeyay tooska ah, haddii ay jiraan. --> | inaugural = | formation = <!-- Taariikhda uu xilkani abuurmay, ama uu qofkii ugu horreeyay xilka qabtay. --> | first = <!-- Magaca qofkii ugu horreeyay ee xilkan qabtay. --> | last = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | abolished = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | succession = <!-- Ikhtiyaari. --> | unofficial_names = <!-- Magacyada aan rasmiga ahayn/dhaqanka ah ee xilkan lagu garanyo. --> | deputy = <!-- Magaca xilka(da) kale ee awoodda u leh in uu u taagdo xilkan. --> | salary = <!-- Mushaharka rasmiga ah, ama cadadka dhabta ah ee la helo. --> | website = <!-- Xiriirinta shabakadda rasmiga ah, haddii ay jirto. --> | footnotes = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Tusaalooyin == === Tusaalaha 1 === {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />European Commission | flag = Flag of Europe.svg | flag_size = 100px | flag_caption = [[Flag of Europe|Commission emblem (EU flag)]] | flag_alt = Flag of the European Union | image = José Manuel Barroso MEDEF.jpg | alt = José Manuel Barroso | incumbent = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | incumbent_since = 23 November 2004 | member_of = [[European Commission]] | seat = [[Berlaymont building]], [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] | nominator = [[European Council]]<br />on the basis of the latest [[Elections in the European Union|European elections]] | appointer = [[European Parliament]] | term_length = Five years | constituting_instrument = [[Treaties of the European Union]] | formation = 1 January 1958 | inaugural = [[Walter Hallstein]] | deputy = [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] | salary = €24,422.80 per month | website = [https://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm ec.europa.eu/president] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />European Commission | flag = Flag of Europe.svg | flag_size = 100px | flag_caption = [[Flag of Europe|Commission emblem (EU flag)]] | flag_alt = Flag of the European Union | image = José Manuel Barroso MEDEF.jpg | alt = José Manuel Barroso | incumbent = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | incumbent_since = 23 November 2004 | member_of = [[European Commission]] | seat = [[Berlaymont building]], [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] | nominator = [[European Council]]<br />on the basis of the latest [[Elections in the European Union|European elections]] | appointer = [[European Parliament]] | term_length = Five years | constituting_instrument = [[Treaties of the European Union]] | formation = 1 January 1958 | inaugural = [[Walter Hallstein]] | deputy = [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] | salary = €24,422.80 per month | website = [https://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm ec.europa.eu/president] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} === Tusaalaha 2 === {{Infobox official post | post = Secretary of Defense of the United States of America | flag = Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg | flag_size = 120px | flag_caption = Flag of the Secretary of Defense | flag_alt = Secretary of Defense official flag | insignia = US Department of Defense seal.svg | insignia_size = 110px | insignia_caption = Seal of the Department of Defense | insignia_alt = Department of Defense official seal | incumbent_since = {{start date|2013|02|27}} | image = Chuck Hagel Defense portrait.jpg | alt = Chuck Hagel, Secretary of Defense | incumbent = [[Chuck Hagel]] | style = ''Mister Secretary'' | member_of = {{ubl|[[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]|[[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]]}} | department = {{ubl|[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]|[[Office of the Secretary of Defense|OSD]]}} | reports_to = The [[President of the United States|President]] | seat = [[The Pentagon]], [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]] | appointer = The [[President of the United States|President]] | appointer_qualified = with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]] | term_length = No fixed term | constituting_instrument = {{ubl|{{UnitedStatesCode|10|113}}|{{UnitedStatesCode|50|401}}}} | precursor = {{ubl|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]|and [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]}} | formation = September 19, 1947 | inaugural = [[James Forrestal]] | succession = Sixth<br/>in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]] | deputy = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]<br/>(principal deputy<br/>[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br/>(military deputy) | salary = [[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level 1]] | website = {{URL|https://www.defense.gov/}} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox official post | post = Secretary of Defense of the United States of America | flag = Flag of the United States Secretary of Defense.svg | flag_size = 120px | flag_caption = Flag of the Secretary of Defense | flag_alt = Secretary of Defense official flag | insignia = United States Department of Defense Seal.svg | insignia_size = 110px | insignia_caption = Seal of the Department of Defense | insignia_alt = Department of Defense official seal | incumbent_since = {{start date|2013|02|27}} | image = Chuck Hagel Defense portrait.jpg | alt = Chuck Hagel, Secretary of Defense | incumbent = [[Chuck Hagel]] | style = ''Mister Secretary'' | member_of = {{ubl|[[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]|[[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]]}} | department = {{ubl|[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]|[[Office of the Secretary of Defense|OSD]]}} | reports_to = The [[President of the United States|President]] | seat = [[The Pentagon]], [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]] | appointer = The [[President of the United States|President]] | appointer_qualified = with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]] | term_length = No fixed term | constituting_instrument = {{ubl|{{UnitedStatesCode|10|113}}|{{UnitedStatesCode|50|401}}}} | precursor = {{ubl|[[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]]|and [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]}} | formation = September 19, 1947 | inaugural = [[James Forrestal]] | succession = Sixth<br/>in the [[United States presidential line of succession|presidential line of succession]] | deputy = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]<br/>(principal deputy)<br/>[[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]<br/>(military deputy) | salary = [[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level 1]] | website = {{URL|https://www.defense.gov/}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == Xogta Tusmada == {{collapse top|title=[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] dukumentiga loo isticmaalo [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] iyo qalabka kale}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "post": { "label": "Xilka", "description": "Magaca xilka, ha ku darin xiriirinta wikilinks", "example": "President", "type": "string", "required": true, "aliases": [ "name" ] }, "body": { "label": "Hay'adda", "description": "Magaca hay'adda uu xilkani ka tirsan yahay", "example": "the European Commission", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "native_name": { "label": "Magaca u dhashay", "type": "line", "description": "Waddammada aan ku hadlin Ingiriisida, magaca u dhashay ee xilka", "example": "{{lang|zh-hans|中华人民共和国主席}}" }, "flag": { "label": "Sawirka calanka", "description": "Calan, ama calaamad amar oo ku xiran xilkan, haddii ay jirto", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "flag_size": { "label": "Cabbirka calanka", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka calanka", "type": "string" }, "flag_border": { "label": "Xadkeeda calanka", "description": "U dhig yes ama no", "example": "yes", "type": "string" }, "flag_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada calanka", "type": "content", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan sawirka calanka" }, "flag_class": { "label": "Klaska calanka", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee sawirka calanka" }, "insignia": { "label": "Sawirka astaanta", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "Astaanta rasmiga ah ee xilka", "example": "Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury.svg" }, "insignia_size": { "label": "Cabbirka astaanta", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka sawirka astaanta", "type": "string" }, "insignia_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada astaanta", "type": "string", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan astaanta rasmiga ah ee xilka", "example": "Seal of the Department of the Treasury" }, "insignia_class": { "label": "Klaska astaanta", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee astaanta" }, "image": { "label": "Sawirka", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "Sawirka qofka xilka haya", "example": "Steven Mnuchin official photo (cropped).jpg", "suggested": true }, "image_size": { "label": "Cabbirka sawirka", "example": "150px", "description": "Cabbirka sawirka, oo ku jira qaabka px", "type": "string" }, "alt": { "label": "Qoraalka doorashada", "description": "Qoraalka doorashada ee sawirka", "type": "string" }, "image_caption": { "label": "Sharaxaada sawirka", "description": "Sharaxaad ku saabsan sawirka", "type": "string" }, "image_class": { "label": "Klaska sawirka", "type": "content", "description": "Klaska CSS ee sawirka" }, "incumbent": { "label": "Xil-haya", "type": "line", "description": "Magaca qofka hadda haya doorkan", "example": "[[Steven Mnuchin]]", "suggested": true }, "acting": { "label": "Ku-meel-gaar", "description": "U dhig y ama yes haddii xil-hayaha uu ku-meel-gaar yahay", "example": "yes", "aliases": [ "Acting" ] }, "incumbent_since": { "label": "Xil-haya tan iyo", "description": "Taariikhda uu qofka xilka qabtay", "type": "string" }, "type": { "label": "Curiya", "type": "string" }, "status": { "label": "Xaaladda", "type": "string" }, "department": { "label": "Waxsaarka", "description": "Hay'adda mas'uulku hoggaamiyo ama uu qayb ka yahay", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "Sida loogu baaqo", "description": "Habka loogu baaqo xilkan", "example": "Mister Secretary", "type": "string" }, "member_of": { "label": "Xubin ka mid ah", "description": "Kooxda uu xilkani qayb ka yahay", "example": "Cabinet", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "memberof" ] }, "reports_to": { "label": "Wuxuu u soo gudbiyaa", "description": "Mas'uulka sare ee tooska ah ee xilkan", "example": "The President", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "reportsto" ] }, "residence": { "label": "Guriga rasmiga ah", "description": "Magaca guriga rasmiga ah", "type": "string" }, "seat": { "label": "Xafiiska", "description": "Meesha uu xafiisku ku yaal", "type": "string", "example": "[[Washington, D.C.]]" }, "nominator": { "label": "Magacaabayasha", "description": "Magaca xilka ama hay'adda, aan ahayn qofka xilka haya", "type": "string" }, "appointer": { "label": "Loo magacaabay", "description": "Magaca xilka ama hay'adda magacaabeysa doorkan, aan ahayn qofka haya", "type": "string", "example": "The [[President of the United States|President]]" }, "appointer_qualified": { "label": "Caddaynta magacaabaha", "example": "with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]]", "description": "Fariin caddayn ah oo lagu muujiyay hoos magaca xafiiska magacaabaya ama hay'adda", "type": "line" }, "term_length": { "label": "Muddada xilka", "type": "string", "description": "muddada uu xilka rasmiga ahi socdo", "example": "4 years" }, "term_length_qualified": { "label": "Caddaynta muddada xilka", "description": "Fariin caddayn ah oo lagu muujiyay hoos muddada xilka", "example": "No restriction on renewal", "type": "line" }, "constituting_instrument": { "label": "Dukumentiga aasaaska", "description": "Dukumentiga(da) rasmiga ah ee bixiya aasaaska sharciga ah ee xilka", "type": "string" }, "precursor": { "label": "Horeeyay", "description": "Xilka ka horreeyay tooska ah", "type": "string" }, "formation": { "label": "Taariikhda abuurista", "description": "Taariikhda la abuuray xilka ama qofkii ugu horreeyay uu qabtay", "type": "string" }, "first": { "label": "Qofkii ugu horreeyay", "description": "Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee xilkan qabtay", "type": "string" }, "last": { "label": "Qofkii ugu dambeeyay", "description": "Qofkii ugu dambeeyay ee xilkan qabtay", "type": "string" }, "abolished": { "label": "La baabbi'iyay", "description": "Taariikhda la baabbi'iyay", "type": "string" }, "succession": { "label": "Khadka dhaxalka", "type": "string", "description": "Heerka dhaxalka ee xafiiskan", "example": "[[United States presidential line of succession|Fifth]]<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/3/19</ref>" }, "abbreviation": { "label": "Soo gaabinta rasmiga ah", "type": "string" }, "unofficial_names": { "label": "Magacyada aan rasmiga ahayn", "type": "string" }, "deputy": { "label": "Kuxigeenka", "type": "string", "description": "Wikilink-ga xafiiska kuxigeenka doorkan", "example": "[[Vice President of the People's Republic of China|Vice President]]" }, "salary": { "label": "Mushaharka", "type": "content", "description": "Mushaharka xafiiskan", "example": "[[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, level I]]<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|5|5312}}</ref>" }, "website": { "label": "Shabakadda", "type": "url" }, "width": {}, "insignia_alt": {}, "flag_alt": {}, "inaugural": {}, "footnotes_title": {}, "footnotes": {}, "child": {}, "embed": {}, "incumbent_label": {}, "superseded_by": {} }, "description": "Infobox loogu talagalay xilalka rasmiga ah", "format": "block" } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Sidoo kale eeg == <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Fadlan qaybaha ku dar hoosta xaddan; interwikis-ka na Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 3azebzya4qlctgeadewazs1jazp0srr 10 53631 310701 2026-10-22T13:04:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310701 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:United States Code]] 7fjjspblclquxidn3lzidsjs6btph2x 0 53632 310702 2026-10-22T13:12:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xaaji Bashiir | image = Ismail Haji Bashir, 1961 (cropped).jpg | caption = Yuusuf sannadkii 1961 | honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]] | image_size = | birth_date = {{birth date text|1912}} | birth_place = [[Hobyo]], [[Italian Somaliland|Somaaliya Talyaaniga]] | death_date = {{Death_date_and_given_age|1984|01|02|72|df=y}} | death_place = [[Cairo]], Masar | office = Wasiirka Caafimaadka iyo Shaqaalaha ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] | term_start = 1966 | term_end = 1967 | prime_minister = [[Abdirizak Haji Hussein|Cabdiraasiq Xaaji Xuseen]] | predecessor = | successor = | office2 = Guddoomiyaha [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] | term_start2 = 1 Luulyo 1960 | term_end2 = dhexda-Luulyo 1960 | prime_minister2 = [[Abdirashid Ali Shermarke|Cabdiraashiid Cali Sharmaarke]] | predecessor2 = [[Aden Abdulle Osman|Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan]] | successor2 = [[Jama Abdullahi Qalib|Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib]] | party = [[Somali Youth League|Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]] }} '''Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf''' ({{langx|so|Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf}}, {{langx|ar|حاجي بشير اسماعيل يوسف}}; 1912–1984), oo badanaaba loo yaqaano '''Xaaji Bashiir''',<ref>SAMIULLAH, MUHAMMAD. DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE WRITING THROUGH COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH AT SECONDARY LEVEL. Diss. UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB, 2011.</ref> wuxuu ahaa siyaasi [[Somali people|Soomaaliyeed]]. Wuxuu ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Somali Youth League|Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] (SYL) oo caan ah iyo Guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] waqtigii maamulkii madaniga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]]. ==Nolosha shakhsiga ah== ===Sannadaha hore=== Yuusuf wuxuu ku dhashay 1912 magaalada [[Hobyo]], oo ku taal gobolka waqooyiga-dhexe ee [[Mudug]] ee [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]].<ref name="Hehbiy">{{cite web|title=SIXID IYO BAADHITAAN TAARIIKHDA SOOMAALIYEED|url=http://www.somalivoice.net/?p=5096|date=18 May 2011|language=so|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406215808/http://www.somalivoice.net/?p=5096|archive-date=6 April 2012|publisher=Somali Voice|access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> Yuusuf wuxuu ka soo jeeday beesha [[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]] ee [[Majeerteen]], [[Harti]], [[Darod|Daarood]].<ref name="Hehbiy"/> ===Familiiga=== Gabadha Yuusuf, [[Saida Haji Bashir Ismail|Saciida Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil]], waxay ka dibna gashay siyaasadda. Waxay u served-gareysay Wasiir Ku-xigeenka Maaliyadda Soomaaliya ee [[Transitional National Government|Dowladdii Koorfeenta ahayd ee Kumeel-gaarka ah]] (TNG) u dhexaysay 2000 iyo 2004.<ref name="Wkomikhgw">{{cite news|title=Wasiirka 1aad oo magacaabay intii ka hartay Golihiisa Wasiirrada|url=http://www.banadir.com/more.shtml|language=so|access-date=18 September 2015|newspaper=Banadir|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063520/http://www.banadir.com/more.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wiilkiisa Cabdullaahi Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil wuxuu ahaa Agaasime Ku-xigeenka Koowaad ee Socdaalka iyo Jinsiyadda Soomaaliya, mid ka mid ah saraakiisha sare ee Maamulka Soomaaliya, iyo sidoo kale qoraa siyaasadeed iyo taariikhi ah.<ref name="Muhmgms">{{cite web|last=Ismail|first=Abdullahi Hagi Bashir|title=Markii ugu horeysay magacyadii guddigii mideynta soomaaliya|url=http://puntlandnews24.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Qaybtii-5aad-taxanaha.docx|publisher=Puntland News|access-date=28 June 2013|archive-date=28 July 2020|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728000354/http://puntlandnews24.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Qaybtii-5aad-taxanaha.docx}}</ref> Sidoo kale, Yuusuf wuxuu ka tirsanaa qaraabada jilaaga iyo fannaanka Soomaali-Talyaaniga ah ee [[Jonis Bashir]], iyo siyaasiga iyo ganacsadaha Soomaaliyeed ee Xaaji Maxamed Yaasiin Ismaaciil. ==Xirfadda== Yuusuf wuxuu ahaa xubin ka tirsan [[Somali Youth League|Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] (SYL), oo ahayd xisbigii siyaasadeed ee ugu horreeyay ee dalka. Wuxuu ku liisgaroobay ururka 1943-kii,<ref name="Hehbiy"/> markii SYL loo aas-aasay sida Naadiga Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYC). Xubnihii wadaniyiinta ahaa ee SYL waxay aad ugu saameeyeen kacdoonkii Daraawiishta ee bilowgii qarnigii 20aad ee Diiriye Guure, iyo [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan|Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan]], oo ahaa amiirkii [[Diiriye Guure]].<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p.304.</ref> Dhanka maamulka, Yuusuf wuxuu markii hore ka shaqeeyay baarlamaankii [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] isagoo xildhibaan ka ahaa magaalada waqooyi-bari ee [[Bosaso|Boosaaso]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka mid ahaa wafdi lix xrood ka kooban ee Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed oo ka codsaday xornimo horteed Khamsada Awoodaha (Four-Power Commission).<ref name="Hthss">{{cite book|last1=Ali|first1=Salah Mohamed|title=Huddur & the history of Southern Somalia|date=2005|publisher=Nahda Bookshop Publisher|page=391|isbn=9789772004997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGEwAQAAIAAJ|access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> 1 Luulyo 1960, [[Independence Day (Somalia)|Munaasabadda Maalinta Xornimada Soomaaliya]], Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed oo uu hoggaaminayay Yuusuf ayaa ansixiyay sharciga midowga, iyagoo isku dhiibay Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya (Somaaliya Talyaaniga ee hore) iyo maxmiyaddii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaaliya Ingiriiska]]. Tani waxay dhustay [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]], waxaana Yuusuf loo magacaabay Guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. Waxaa xilka kala wareegay [[Jama Abdullahi Qalib|Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib]].<ref name="Hehbiy"/> Waqtigii dhexda-Luulyo 1960 ilaa dhexda-1966, Yuusuf waxaa loo doortay Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka [[Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]], halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay barbar-dhac [[Ahmed Gumanc]].<ref name="Drprc">Foreign Broadcast Information Service, ''Daily report: People's Republic of China'', Issues 192-214, (Distributed by National Technical Information Service: 1968), p.68.</ref> Yuusuf waxaa ka dib loo magacaabay Wasiirka Caafimaadka iyo Shaqaalaha ee 1966. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa maamulkii madaniga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]].<ref name="Tmeana">Europa Publications Limited, ''The Middle East and North Africa'', Volume 13, (Europa Publications.: 1966), p.570.</ref> Ka dib xirfad dheer oo siyaasadda Soomaaliya ah, Yuusuf wuxuu ugu dambeyntii fariistay [[Cairo]], [[Egypt|Masar]]. Wuxuu ku dhintay halkaas 2 Janaayo 1984, isagoo jira 72 sano.<ref name="Hehbiy"/> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bashir, Haji}} 8s6ktec7x9he8tse9vfq472v2oy6o56 0 53633 310703 2026-10-22T13:18:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye | image = File:Cabsiiye (Copy).png | image_size = 190px | honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]] | office = Guddoomiyihii 3aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] | deputy = | term_start = 26 Meey 1964 | term_end = 1 Maarso 1967 | predecessor = [[Jama Abdullahi Qalib|Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib]] | successor1 = [[Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein|Sheekh Mukhtaar Maxamed Xuseen]] | office1 = | prime_minister1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | birth_date = 1914 | birth_place = [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] | death_date = 1984 | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]] | alma_mater = }} '''Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye''' ({{langx|so|Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye}}), wuxuu ahaa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed iyo xubin sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]], wuxuu soo noqday guddoomiyaha [[Federal Parliament of Somalia|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] waqtigii maamulkii madaniga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. Wuxuu ka soo jeeday [[Ciise Muuse|Aadan Cisa]] oo ka tirsan hoos-qaybta [[Ciise Muuse]] ee beesha [[Isaaq]] ee [[Somalis|Soomaalida]]. ==Tixraacyada== *[http://shcas.shnu.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/f4/e2/4c0522234a98a0a7ed66aec4d4e2/7b2a673e-fa6e-4c1b-835d-2eb34c65098e.pdf] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&dq=Ahmed+Mohamed+Obsiye+Somalia&pg=PA122] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022135723/http://www.parliament.gov.so/index.php/en/membersparliament-3 Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya - Xubnaha] {{DEFAULTSORT:Cabsiiye, Axmed Maxamed}} mudc2pvch2ivfbvtd2oqhkkwj8nw9xr 0 53634 310704 2026-10-22T13:20:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib | image = Jama.png | image_size = 190px | honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]] | office = Guddoomiyihii 2aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] | deputy = | term_start = 26 Luulyo 1960 | term_end = 26 Maajo 1964 | predecessor = [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] | successor1 = [[Ahmed Mohamed Obsiye|Axdam Maxamed Cabsiiye]] | office1 = | prime_minister1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | birth_date = 1930 | birth_place = [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] | death_date = 2015 (da'da 84–85) | death_place = [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] | party = [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]] | alma_mater = }} '''Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib''' (1930–2015) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsanaa xubnaha sare ee [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]], wuxuuna soo noqday Guddoomiyaha [[Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] waqtigii maamulkii madaniga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u dhexaysay 1960 iyo 1964.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KUwoAQAAMAAJ&q=Afrah++Abokor Current World Leaders 1978]</ref> Wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka 1979 &ndash; 1982.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} ==Nolosha iyo xirfadda== Qaalib wuxuu ku dhashay [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, sannadkii 1930-kii.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taariikh Nolaaleedkii Gudoomiiyahii Barlaamankii Ugu Horeeyaay ee Somali Republic Marxuun Jamac Cabdilahi Qaalib (Jamac Diirqaadhaadh) 1930–2015 |url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/taariikh-nolaaleedkii-gudoomiiyahii-barlaamankii-ugu-horeeyaay-ee-somali-republic-marxuun-jamac-cabdilahi-qaalib-jamac-diirqaadhaadh-1930-2015/ |access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=Qurbejoog}}</ref> Wuxuu ku dhintay [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] sannadkii 2015-kii.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taariikhda Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib |url=https://www.xaqiiqatimes.com/taariikhda-jaamac-cabdullaahi-qaalib/ |access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=Xaqiiqa Times |date=3 August 2015}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qaalib, Jaamac Cabdullaahi}} axxn240x76rnn81jhcalfiaip5uhwhn 310705 310704 2026-10-22T13:21:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib | image = Jama.png | image_size = 190px | honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]] | office = Guddoomiyihii 2aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] | deputy = | term_start = 26 Luulyo 1960 | term_end = 26 Maajo 1964 | predecessor = [[Xaaji Bashiir Ismaaciil Yuusuf]] | successor1 = [[Axmed Maxamed Cabsiiye]] | office1 = | prime_minister1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | birth_date = 1930 | birth_place = [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] | death_date = 2015 (da'da 84–85) | death_place = [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] | party = [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]] | alma_mater = }} '''Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib''' (1930–2015) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsanaa xubnaha sare ee [[Xisbiga SYL|Ururka Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL)]], wuxuuna soo noqday Guddoomiyaha [[Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] waqtigii maamulkii madaniga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u dhexaysay 1960 iyo 1964.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KUwoAQAAMAAJ&q=Afrah++Abokor Current World Leaders 1978]</ref> Wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka 1979 &ndash; 1982.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} ==Nolosha iyo xirfadda== Qaalib wuxuu ku dhashay [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, sannadkii 1930-kii.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taariikh Nolaaleedkii Gudoomiiyahii Barlaamankii Ugu Horeeyaay ee Somali Republic Marxuun Jamac Cabdilahi Qaalib (Jamac Diirqaadhaadh) 1930–2015 |url=http://www.qurbejoog.com/taariikh-nolaaleedkii-gudoomiiyahii-barlaamankii-ugu-horeeyaay-ee-somali-republic-marxuun-jamac-cabdilahi-qaalib-jamac-diirqaadhaadh-1930-2015/ |access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=Qurbejoog}}</ref> Wuxuu ku dhintay [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] sannadkii 2015-kii.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taariikhda Jaamac Cabdullaahi Qaalib |url=https://www.xaqiiqatimes.com/taariikhda-jaamac-cabdullaahi-qaalib/ |access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=Xaqiiqa Times |date=3 August 2015}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qaalib, Jaamac Cabdullaahi}} qyydrbxsxuc4aq3k5a1ycks9x2yi6s7 0 53635 310706 2026-10-22T13:27:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ismaaciil Cali Abokor | image = Ismail.png | image_size = 190px | office = Guddoomiyihii 5aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Shacabka]] | predecessor = | successor = [[Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato]] | deputy = | term_start = 1 Nofeembar 1979 | term_end = 26 Janaayo 1982 | office1 = [[Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Saddexaad ee Soomaaliya]] | president1 = [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] | term_start1 = 1971 | term_end1 = Oktoobar 1982 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_date = 1937 | birth_place = [[Burao|Burco]], [[British Somaliland|Somaaliya Ingiriiska]] (hadda [[Somaliland]]) | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] | alma_mater = | rank = [[File:14-Somali Army-BG.svg|10px]] [[Brigadier General|Sareeye Guuto]] }} '''Ismaaciil Cali Abokor''' ({{langx|so|Ismaaciil Cali Abokor}}; dhashay 1937) waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo horey u ahaa Sareeye Guuto. Wuxuu ahaa xubin sare oo ka tirsan [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]],<ref>{{cite news|title=8 Somalis Sentenced to Die; Charge Is Plotting Sabotage|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/09/world/8-somalis-sentenced-to-die-charge-is-plotting-sabotage.html |date=9 February 1988|agency=NYT}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu soo noqday [[Vice President of Somalia|Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Soomaaliya]] xilligii dowladdii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] int u dhaxaysay 1971 iyo 1982.<ref name="histdict">{{cite book |last1=Mukhtar |first1=Mohamed Haji |last2=Castagno |first2=Margaret |title=Historical dictionary of Somalia |date=2003 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Md |isbn=0-8108-4344-7 |edition=New}}</ref> Wuxuu kaloo ahaa Guddoomiyihii [[List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia|Golaha Shacabka]] int u dhaxaysay 1979 ilaa 1982. ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Abokor wuxuu ku dhashay 1937 magaalada [[Burao|Burco]], ee haatan ka tirsan [[Somaliland]]. Markii uu dhameystiray waxbarashadiisa sare, wuxuu u safray dalka [[England]] tababar ciidan. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Kulliyadda Millatariga ee Boqortooyada ee [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Sandhurst]]. ==Xirfadda== ===Xirfaddii hore=== Ismaaciil Cali Abokor wuxuu ku laabtay [[Somali Republic|Soomaaliya]] 1960 isagoo ah mid ka mid ah saraakiishii ugu horreysay ee u tababartay [[British Somaliland|Somaaliya Ingiriiska]]. 1961, Abokor wuxuu noqday taliye ku-xigeenka dugsiga tababarka saraakiisha. 1962, wuxuu madax ka ahaa xerada Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed ee bariga, 1963-na waxaa loo magacaabay taliye ku-xigeen guuto ku sugan magaalada [[Kismayo|Kismaayo]]. 1965, wuxuu tababar ku qaatay magaalada [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]], ka dibna waxaa loo magacaabay taliyaha guuto ku taal [[Kismayo|Kismaayo]], waxaana loo dalacsiiyay darajada Gaashaanle. 1967 wuxuu noqday madaxa tababarayaasha dugsiga tababarka ee Xalane, oo loo yaqaaan "Bootiko". ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya=== Ismaaciil Cali Abokor wuxuu ka shaqeeyay [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]]. Isagoo wata darajada Gaashaanle Dhexe wuxuu ka qayb qaatay afgambigii Oktoobar 21, 1969, ee horseeday xukunka Jeneraal [[Mohammed Siad Barre|Maxamed Siyaad Barre]], wuxuuna noqday xubin ka tirsan [[Supreme Revolutionary Council (Somalia)|Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya. Wuxuu haystay xilka mid ka mid ah [[Vice President of Somalia|madaxweyne ku-xigeedyada]] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya, waxaana la siiyay darajada Gashaanle Sare. Nofeembar 1971 wuxuu booqday dalkii [[USSR|Midowga Soofiyeeti]]. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah ragga ugu muhiimsan ee maamulkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]], wuxuu haystay darajada Sareeye Guuto 1971-na waxaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah madaxweyne ku-xigeedyada Soomaaliya. Wuxuu kaloo haystay xilka Wasiirka Warfaafinta iyo Hanuuninta Dadweynaha laga soo bilaabo 1971 ilaa 1973.<ref name="histdict" /> Laga soo bilaabo Luulyo 1976 (laga bilaabo taariikhdii la aas-aasay xisbiga) wuxuu noqday xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Dhexe iyo xubin ka tirsan Siyaasadda ee [[Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party|Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]]. == Riditaanka xilka iyo mucaaradada == Ka dib markii uu isku khilaafeen Siyaad Barre, waxaa lagu xiray xabsiga 1982-kii, ka dibna la sii daayay 1988-kii, taas oo ka dib ay ku biirtay ururkii [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM)]] ee saldhiggiisu ahaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya waqtigaas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-31|title=Taariikh nololeedkii S/Guuto Ismaaciil Cali Obokor|url=http://snaradio.net/so/articles/1603/Taariikh-nololeedkii-S-Guuto-Ismaaciil-Cali-Obokor|access-date=2021-01-29|website=snaradio.net|language=English}}</ref> Sidoo kale wuxuu u guuray dalka Isku-ダークka Imaaraadka Carabta.<ref name="histdict" /> ==Tixraacyada== <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Abokor, Ismail Ali}} 75z1xskc8j3bn8r6kid12wr3p49m18v 0 53636 310707 2026-10-22T13:30:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato | image = Liqliqato.png | image_size = 190px | office = Guddoomiyihii 6aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] | deputy = | term_start = 26 Janaayo 1982 | term_end = 1 Nofeembar 1989 | predecessor = [[Ismaaciil Cali Abokor]] | successor1 = [[Xuseen Kulmiye Afrax]] | office1 = | prime_minister1 = | term_start1 = | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = | birth_date = {{Birth date text|1921}} | birth_place = [[Kismaayo]], Soomaaliya | death_date = {{Death year and age|1998|1921}} | death_place = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | party = | alma_mater = }} '''Maxamed Ibraahim Liqliiqato''' (1921, [[Kismaayo]], [[Italian Somaliland|Somaaliya Talyaaniga]] – 1998) wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye ciidan iyo siyaasi [[Somalia|Soomaaliyeed]] oo soo noqday danjire, wasiir, [[List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia|guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]], wuxuuna ahaa shakhsi caan ka ahaa maamulkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 1964-kii, Liqliiqato wuxuu ku biiray [[Somali Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]]. Sannadkii 1969-kii, ciidanka ayaa la wareegay dowladda, madaxweynihii cusbaa ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ayaa u magacaabay Liqliiqato Danjiraha Soomaaliya u fhiya [[Soviet Union|Midowga Soofiyeeti]] (1969–1970). Sannadihii 1970–1974, wuxuu ahaa Danjiraha U Fhiya [[West Germany|Jarmalka Galbeed]]. Sannadihii 1974–1978, Liqliiqato wuxuu soo noqday [[Ministry of Agriculture (Somalia)|Wasiirka Beeraha]], sannadihii 1978–1980-na wuxuu ahaa Wasiirka Ganacsiga Ndaha iyo Dibadda.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&dq=%22Mohamed+Ibrahim+Ahmed%22+Liqliqato&pg=PA157|title=Historical Dictionary of Somalia|last=Mukhtar|first=Mohamed Haji|date=2003-02-25|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810866041|pages=157–158|language=en}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Liqliiqato, Maxamed Ibraahim}} 8itc3syt9w1y1glp435k5zcbc3ku2qe 0 53637 310708 2026-10-22T13:36:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = | common_name = Somalia | conventional_long_name = Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | status = | p1 = Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | s1 = Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = Calanka Soomaaliya | flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | common_languages = [[Somali language|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Arabic|Carabi]]{{·}}[[Italian language|Talyaani]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | government_type = [[Provisional government|Dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah]] | anthem = (2000)<br>[[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Heesta calanka Soomaaliya]]{{center|[[File:Somali National Anthem (1960-2000).ogg]]}}<hr>(2000–2004)<br>[[Soomaaliyeey toosoo]]{{center|}} | title_leader = Madaxweyne | leader1 = [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] | year_leader1 = 2000–2004 | event_start = [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#2000 Somalia National Peace Conference|Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] | year_start = 2000 | date_start = 20 Abriil | event_end = [[Transitional Federal Charter|Axdiga Kumeelgaarka ah]] | year_end = 2004 | date_end = 14 Oktoobar | demonym = | area_km2 = | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = | today = }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} '''Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah''' ('''TNG''') waxay ahayd dowladda dhexe ee Soomaaliya ee caalamku aqoonsan ee ka jirtay [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] sannadadii 2000 ilaa 2004. ==Dulmar gubaan== Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxaa lagu dhisay 20 Abriil–5 Maajo 2000 Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed oo lagu qhelday [[Arta, Djibouti|Carta]], [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]].<ref name="Cfbsom">{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2014|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132350/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 9, 2021|access-date=April 8, 2014}}</ref> Mabda' ahaan, Axdiga Kumeelgaarka ah ee Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah dhaliyay, wuxuu aqoonsaday madax-bannaanida deegaannada iyo noqoshada maamullo cusub ee waqooyiga Soomaalidii hore, oo ay degan yihiin qabaa'il hab-wadaag ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelaha qaar ee Soomaaliya, maamul-daadejintu waxay ka dhignayd in awooddii dowladeed ay burburtay.<ref>Women and Gender Equality in Peace Processes: From Women at the Negotiating Table to Postwar Structural Reforms in Guatemala Gutemala and Somalia, Sumie Nakaya, Global Governance Vol. 9, No. 4 (Oct.–Dec. 2003), pp. 459–476</ref> Waddanka deriska ah ee awoodda leh, [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], ayaa markiiba ka soo horjeedsatay Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, iyadoo ka cabsi qabtay in dowladdaas ay dib u soo cusbooneysiiso sheegashada gobolka [[Ogaden|Ogaadeenya]]. Itoobiya waxay taageertay kooxaha Soomaaliya ee ka soo horjeeday Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, iyadoo maalgelineysa dhismaha isbahaysiyo mucaarad ah si ay u dhowrato danahooda istiraatiijiyadeed. Waxa ugu caansanaa, inay kafaala-qaaday dhismaha isbahaysi hoggaamiye-kooxeedyo awood leh oo loo vocab-bixiyay [[Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council|Golaha Dib-u-hesashiinta iyo Badbaadinta Soomaaliya]] (SRRC) oo ku dhashay Itoobiya dhexdeeda bartamihii sannadkii 2001. SRRC waxay u served-gareysay mucaaradka ugu weyn ee siyaasadeed iyo ciidan ee ka soo horjeeday Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.{{Sfn|Murison|2002|p=945}} Soo bixitaanka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah wuxuu walaac ku dhaliyay dowladdii ka talineysay [[Puntland]], kuwaas oo ka cabsaday in Soomaaliya oo dib u midoobay ay dhanka koonfureed u janjeersato. Bishii Janaayo 2001, [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] wuxuu ka codsaday [[United Nations|Qaramaada Midoobay]] inay 'dib u eegaan go'aankooda' ee aqoonsiga Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, wuxueena u go'aansaday oo kaga protest-gareeyay [[Arab League|Jaamacadda Carabta]] taageerada la siinayo dowladda.{{Sfn|Murison|2002|p=947}} Yuusuf wuxuu sidoo kale ku biiray isbahaysigii hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada ee Itoobiya taageereysay si uu u waxyeeleeyo Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2008-12-29 |title=Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3732020.stm |access-date=2024-03-09 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |quote=He was a member of an Ethiopian-backed coalition of warlords that blocked previous attempts at restoring order. As a result of this opposition, the authority of the Transitional National Government (TNG) formed in 2000 was undermined.}}</ref> Ka dib [[September 11 attacks|weeraradii 11-ka Sebtembar]], dowladda Itoobiya waxay si muuqata ku eedeysay hoggaanka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah inay yihiin [[Islamic extremism|xagjiriin Islaami ah]] oo pro-[[Osama bin Laden|Bin Laden]] ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Elmi |first1=Afyare Abdi |last2=Barise |first2=Dr Abdullahi |date=2006 |title=The Somali Conflict: Root causes, obstacles, and peace-building strategies |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/101782/FULL.pdf |journal=African Security Review |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=32–53 |doi=10.1080/10246029.2006.9627386}}</ref> iyadoo SRRC ay ugu baaqday [[international community|bulshada caalamka]] inay soo dxgaleen Soomaaliya oo ay dhisaan dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo u dhow [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afqaanistaan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-01-08 |title=Analysis: Somalia's powerbrokers |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1747697.stm#srrc |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Isla markaana markii la dhisayay dowladda kumeelgaarka ah, [[Islamic Courts Union|Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah]] ee kala duwanaa oo u soo baxay inay lchallenge-gareeyaan awoodda hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada Soomaaliyeed ee Muqdisho ayaa milishiyadooda isku daray si ay u noqdaan ciidan dagaal oo qudha sannadkii 2000. Tani waxay muujisay soo bixitaanka ciidankii ugu horreeyay ee maamul-kooxeed madaxbannaan oo hubaysan oo ka jiro magaalada.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Markii Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah la dhisay isla sannadkaas, xawligii Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah waa uu gaabtay iyagoo doorbidaya inay taageeraan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah. Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah waxaa loo doortay xubin ka tirsan ''Golaha Shacabka Kumeelgaarka ah''.<ref name=":35">{{Cite news |date=25 August 2000 |title=IRIN Interview with Islamic Courts Chairman Hassan Sheik Mohamed Abdi |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/q-and/2000/08/25/irin-interview-islamic-courts-chairman-hassan-sheik-mohamed-abdi |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |publication-place=[[Arta, Djibouti]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 Sep 2000 |title=IRIN interview with Abdallah Derow Isaak, Speaker of Somalia's Transitional National Assembly |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/q-and/2000/09/04/irin-interview-abdallah-derow-isaak-speaker-somalia%E2%80%99s-transitional-national |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |quote=}}</ref> Iyagoo halis muuqata ka wajahaya hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada, Maxkamadaha waxay ilaaliyeen Madaxweyne [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] markii uu dib uga soo laabtay caasimadda bishii Agoosto 2000,<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2000 |title=New president visits Mogadishu |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/ar/node/231609 |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> waxaana yar ka dib ay hubkooda culus u dhiibeen Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee cusub.<ref name=":34">{{Cite news |date=12 March 2001 |title=Mogadishu central prison reopens |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/19089/somalia-mogadishu-central-prison-reopens |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> Sannadkii 2001 Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxay si tartiib-tartiib ah u la xiriirtay Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah iyo milishiyadooda, iyadoo gabi ahaanba howlahoodii joojisay dhammaadka sannadkaas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2K8FV9_WvfUC |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended |date=2001 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=591 |language=en |chapter=Somalia}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay Le Sage, Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah sannadkii 2002 waxay lahayd dhammaan xubnaha dowlada qaranka, iyadoo ay ka mid yihiin hangallada fulinta iyo garsoorka, sidoo kale baarlamaanka, ciidanka booliska iyo ciidanka taagan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xudduudaheeda waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u liita sababtoo ah qalab xafiiseed aasaasi ah oo la'aan ah, kontrool dhul oo aan jirin, iyo awood la'aanta aruurinta cashuurta. Limit-yadan darteed, Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ma awoodin inay bixiso adeegyada bulshada ee aasaasiga ah. Wasiirrada iyo xildhibaannadu waxay sidoo kale badanaa ka cawdeen in laga baxshay geeddi-socodka dhabta ah ee go'aan-qaadashada, iyo inay helaan mushaar aan joogto ahayn oo xaddidan. Si taa la mid ah, Le Sage wuxuu doodayay in mas'uuliyiinta dowladda ay u served-garaynayeen sida calaamado lagu muujinayo suurtagalnimada dowlad qaran oo sal-ballaaran.<ref>Somalia: Sovereign Disguise for a Mogadishu Mafia, Andre Le Sage, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 29, No. 91, (Mar., 2002), pp. 132–138</ref> Dhibaatooyinka hoose ee Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxay keeneen in ra'iisul wasaaraha afar jeer la baddalo saddex sano dhexdeed, iyo kacitaanka maaliyadeed ee maamulka oo la sheegay bishii Disembar 2003. Xilligii shaqadeedana wuxuu ku dhammaaday waqtigaas.<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET">{{cite web|title=TNG Prime Minister Concludes Formation of Cabinet |url=http://www.banadir.com/cabinet.shtml |date=2003-12-31 |access-date=2014-04-08 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040921233018/http://www.banadir.com/cabinet.shtml |archive-date=September 21, 2004 }}</ref> Dowlad Soomaaliyeed oo awood badan oo aan ku xirnayn [[Addis Ababa]] waxaa loo arkayay halis nabadgelyo oo ka dhan ah dowladda Itoobiya,<ref name="Cocodia-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |quote=Ethiopia considered a weak Somali state dependent on Ethiopian support as a lesser threat than a strong one. This propelled Ethiopia to undertake the forceful installment of the TFG.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Sudan Trib-2006a">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2006 |title=Ethiopia prepares to attack Somali Islamists – Eritrea |url=https://sudantribune.com/article17688/ |website=[[Sudan Tribune]]}}</ref> sidaas darteed dowladda Itoobiya waxay aad u taageertay dhismaha [[Transitional Federal Government of Somalia|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya]] (TFG) sannadkii 2004 iyo madaxweynanimada [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf]] sababtoo ah wuxuu ka tanaasuli lahaa sheegashada dheer ee Soomaaliya ee Ogaadeenya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |quote=The TFG had Ethiopia’s approval on the basis that under Yusuf, Somalia will rest its claim to the Ogaden region|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sida ay sheegeen aqoonyahannada Ashley Elliot iyo Georg-Sebastian Holzer, "Guusha Itoobiya ka gaartay waxyeeleynta dowladdii kumeelgaarka ahayd ee curdinka ahayd waxay caddaysay in Addis Ababa ay si hufan u adeegsatay awoodda [[veto|weeto]] ee ku aadan jihada siyaasadeed ee deriskeeda jahawareersan."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elliot |first=Ashley |last2=Holzer |first2=Georg-Sebastian |date=2009-08-01 |title=The invention of ‘terrorism’ in Somalia: paradigms and policy in US foreign relations |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10220460903268984 |journal=South African Journal of International Affairs |publisher=Routledge |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=215–244 |doi=10.1080/10220460903268984 |issn=1022-0461}}</ref> 10 Oktoobar 2004, xildhibaannadu waxay doorteen [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] oo noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee [[transitional federal government|dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG), oo ahayd beddelka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.<ref name="Spmoarc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041121085231/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/13/content_2213479.htm Somali PM optimistic about rebuilding country]</ref> Wuxuu helay 189 cod oo ka timid Baarlamaanka TFG-da, iyadoo musharaxii ugu dhowaa, danjiraha hore ee Soomaaliya u fadhiga Washington [[Abdullahi Ahmed Addou|Cabdullaahi Axmed Caddoow]], uu helay 79 cod wareegii saddexaad ee codbixinta. Madaxweynihii xilligaas ee Soomaaliya, hoggaamiyihii Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]], ayaa si nabdoon uga tanaasulay musharaxnimadiisa.<ref name="Smenp">[http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/Somalia%20-%20BBC%20article%20MPs%20elect%20new%20president.doc Somalia MPs elect new president]</ref><ref name="Rulers">[http://www.rulers.org/2004-10.html Rulers – Somalia – October 2004]</ref> ==Taariikhda== {{further|Taariikhda dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka ah, Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya}} ===2000=== * Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ama Shirki Carta, oo ku dhacay Carta, Jabuuti, 20 Abriil – 5 Maajo 2000.<ref name=SOMALIA-NATIONAL-PEACE-CONFERENCE>[http://www.banadir.com/whatisthere.htm Somalia National Peace Conference] Program, hosted at Banadir.com</ref> Magaca Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah (TNG) waxaa loo doortay geeddi-socodkan waqtigaas. * Doorashadii [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] ee madaxweynaha oo ay doorteen ergooyinka qabaa'ilka ===2001=== * Guddiga Qaranka ee Dib-u-hesashiinta iyo Hantida ===2002=== * [[2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference|Shirka Dib-u-hesashiinta Soomaaliyeed ee 2002]] oo lagu qhelday [[Eldoret]], [[Kenya]]<ref name=SOMALIA-INTERVIEW-WITH-BARRE-ADAN-SHIRE>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=30536&SelectRegion=Horn_of_Africa&SelectCountry=SOMALIA SOMALIA: Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA)] IRIN</ref> * Magacaabista Jeneraal [[Ismail Qasim Naji|Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji]] oo noqday hoggaamiyaha ciidanka bishii Janaayo 2002.<ref name=LIVES-OF-18-AMERICAN-SOLDIERS-NOT-BETTER-THAN-THOUSANDS-OF-SOMALI-LIVES>{{cite web |title = The Lives of 18 American Soldiers Are Not Better Than Thousands of Somali Lives They Killed, Somalia's TNG Prime Minister Col. Hassan Abshir Farah says |url = http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivedec01/020122101.htm |date = 2002-01-22 |access-date = 2007-01-17 |publisher = [[Somalia Watch]] |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070103000012/http://somaliawatch.org/archivedec01/020122101.htm |archive-date = 2007-01-03 }}</ref><ref name=SOMALIA-WARLORDS-LAY-DOWN-WEAPONS>{{cite web |title = Somalia: Warlords lay down weapons |url = http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6756 |publisher = [[SomaliNet]] |date = 2007-01-17 |access-date = 2007-01-17 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014144024/http://www.somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6756 |archive-date = 2008-10-14 }}</ref> Ciidanku bishii Maarso 2002 wuxuu ka koobnaa 2,010 rag ah iyo 90 dumarka ah.<ref>{{cite web |title=War Clouds Over Somalia |url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero032202.html |date=2002-03-22 |publisher=[[Middle East Report]] |access-date=2007-01-17 }}</ref> * Gadood ka dhacay bilowgii 2002.<ref>Somalia: Countering Terrorism in a Failed State, ICG Africa Report N°45, 23 May 2002, p.6</ref> ==Hoggaamiyeyaasha iyo xubnaha== * [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] – Madaxweyne * Jen. [[Ismail Qasim Naji|Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji]] – Taliyaha Ciidanka ([[Somali Armed Forces|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]]) * [[Ali Khalif Galaydh|Cali Khaliif Galaydh]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 1aad, 8 Oktoobar 2000 – 28 Oktoobar 2001 * [[Osman Jama Ali|Cusmaan Jaamac Cali]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 2aad, si kooban oo hayay xilka 28 Oktoobar – 12 Nofeembar 2002<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET"/> * [[Hassan Abshir Farah|Xasan Abshir Faarax]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 3aad, 12 Nofeembar 2002 – 8 Disembar 2003 * [[Mohamed Abdi Yusuf|Maxamed Cabdi Yuusuf]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 4aad, 31 Disembar 2003 – 3 Nofeembar 2004<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET"/> * [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Rasack Yousuf]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Abdirahman Omar]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Mahamed Saeed]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist|2}} === Xigashooyinka === * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2003 |date=31 October 2002 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-85743-131-5 |editor-last=Murison |editor-first=Katharine |chapter=Somalia}} 6bfclb5aq14qdwxedezqs7a62vo14fm 0 53638 310709 2026-10-22T13:41:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Dowladdii Ku meel gaarka ahayd ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = Calanka Soomaaliya | flag = Flag of Somalia | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | common_languages = [[Somali language|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Arabic language|Carabi]]{{·}}[[Italian language|Talyaani]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | anthem = [[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Heesta calanka Soomaaliya]]{{center|[[File:Somali_National_Anthem_(1960-2000).ogg]]}} | era = Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya | status = [[Provisional government|Dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah]] | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Presidential system|madaxweyneynimo]] ah oo midaysan | title_leader = [[President of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] | leader1 = [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] | year_leader1 = 1991-1997 | event_start = Shir caalami ah oo heerkiisu sarreeyo oo ku saabsan Soomaaliya | date_start = Janaayo | year_start = 1991 | date_end = Janaayo | year_end = 1997 | p1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | s1 = Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg }} '''Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya''', oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]], waxaa la dhisay isla markii uu [[Somali Rebellion|burburay]] maamulkii [[Somali Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]. Laga soo bilaabo Nofeembar 1991 ilaa 1995, Cali Mahdi Maxamed wuxuu aqoonsi [[President of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] ka helay dhowr states ka dib [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#1991: First attempts at reconciliation|shirkii Jabuuti ee 1991]] oo ka dhacay Jabuuti u dhexaysay 15 iyo 21 Luulyo 1991,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Annabel Lee Hogg |title=Timeline: Somalia, 1991-2008 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/12/timeline-somalia-1991-2008/307190/ |website=The Atlantic |date=22 December 2008 |access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> Cali Mahdi waxaa loo doortay Madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Soomaaliya muddo laba sano ah, balse maadaama ay sharciyaddii ka soo baxday shirkii Jabuuti ee Cali Mahdi la siiyay darteed, dowladdiisii waxaa aqoonsaday dhowr waddan, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Italy|Talyaaniga]], iyo [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/5267 |title=Harbinger of a new world order? |publisher=library.ubc.ca |access-date=2014-03-05 }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan awoodin in uu awooddiisa fiyo ka baxsan qaybo ka mid ah caasimadda. Awoodda waxaa taa baddalkeeda kula tartamayay hoggaamiyeyaasha kooxaha kale ee qeybta koonfureed ee dalka iyo maamullo madax-bannaan oo ka jiray waqooyiga.<ref name=SOMALIA-KEY-ACTORS>{{cite news|title=Somalia: Some key actors in the transitional process|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|date=2005-05-06|publisher=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]|access-date=2007-02-07|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193104/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tartanka loogu jiro awoodda iyo kheyraadka ee u dhexexeeyay Maxamed iyo [[Mohamed Farrah Aidid|Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] wuxuu sii socday intii ay socdeen howlgalladii Qarammada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya ee 1992–95 ([[UNOSOM I]], [[UNOSOM II]], iyo [[UNITAF]]), ilaa geeridii Caydiid ee 1996-kii. ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} hz8u5ado77o0ow4ubzypb24g3xebpoy 310710 310709 2026-10-22T13:45:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Dowladdii Ku meel gaarka ahayd ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = Calanka Soomaaliya | flag = Flag of Somalia | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | common_languages = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Arabic language|Carabi]]{{·}}[[Italian language|Talyaani]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | anthem = [[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Heesta calanka Soomaaliya]]{{center|[[File:Somali_National_Anthem_(1960-2000).ogg]]}} | era = Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya | status = | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Presidential system|madaxweyneynimo]] ah oo midaysan | title_leader = [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] | leader1 = [[Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] | year_leader1 = 1991-1997 | event_start = Shir caalami ah oo heerkiisu sarreeyo oo ku saabsan Soomaaliya | date_start = Janaayo | year_start = 1991 | date_end = Janaayo | year_end = 1997 | p1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | s1 = Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg }} '''Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya''', oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]], waxaa la dhisay isla markii uu [[Somali Rebellion|burburay]] maamulkii [[Somali Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]. Laga soo bilaabo Nofeembar 1991 ilaa 1995, Cali Mahdi Maxamed wuxuu aqoonsi [[President of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] ka helay dhowr states ka dib [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#1991: First attempts at reconciliation|shirkii Jabuuti ee 1991]] oo ka dhacay Jabuuti u dhexaysay 15 iyo 21 Luulyo 1991,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Annabel Lee Hogg |title=Timeline: Somalia, 1991-2008 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/12/timeline-somalia-1991-2008/307190/ |website=The Atlantic |date=22 December 2008 |access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> Cali Mahdi waxaa loo doortay Madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Soomaaliya muddo laba sano ah, balse maadaama ay sharciyaddii ka soo baxday shirkii Jabuuti ee Cali Mahdi la siiyay darteed, dowladdiisii waxaa aqoonsaday dhowr waddan, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Italy|Talyaaniga]], iyo [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/5267 |title=Harbinger of a new world order? |publisher=library.ubc.ca |access-date=2014-03-05 }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan awoodin in uu awooddiisa fiyo ka baxsan qaybo ka mid ah caasimadda. Awoodda waxaa taa baddalkeeda kula tartamayay hoggaamiyeyaasha kooxaha kale ee qeybta koonfureed ee dalka iyo maamullo madax-bannaan oo ka jiray waqooyiga.<ref name=SOMALIA-KEY-ACTORS>{{cite news|title=Somalia: Some key actors in the transitional process|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|date=2005-05-06|publisher=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]|access-date=2007-02-07|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193104/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tartanka loogu jiro awoodda iyo kheyraadka ee u dhexexeeyay Maxamed iyo [[Mohamed Farrah Aidid|Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] wuxuu sii socday intii ay socdeen howlgalladii Qarammada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya ee 1992–95 ([[UNOSOM I]], [[UNOSOM II]], iyo [[UNITAF]]), ilaa geeridii Caydiid ee 1996-kii. ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} kex57a5b93khmnkzfk93dc21ac1vn7s 0 53639 310711 2026-10-22T13:49:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq <br> عبد الله اسحاق ديرو | image = Deerow.png | image_size = | birth_date = 1950 | death_date = 2006 (da'da 55–56) | office = Wasiirka Arrimaha Dastuurka ee [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] | term_start = 2004 | term_end = 2006 | prime_minister = | predecessor = | successor = | office2 = Guddoomiyihii 8aad ee Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ee [[Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya|Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah]] | term_start2 = 2000 | term_end2 = 2003 | prime_minister2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = [[Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden|Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | prime_minister3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | party = }} '''Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq''' ({{langx|so|Cabdalle Deeroow Isaaq}}, {{langx|ar|عبد الله اسحاق ديرو}}; 1950 &ndash; 2006), wuxuu ahaa siyaasi [[Somali people|Soomaaliyeed]]. Wuxuu soo noqday Guddoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka ee [[Transitional National Government|Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah]] ee [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2003, waxaana ka dib loo magacaabay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dastuurka iyo Federaalka ee [[Transitional Federal Government|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]]. Waxaana la [[Assassination|dilay]] bishii Luulyo 2006. ==Xirfadda siyaasadda== Deeroow wuxuu ka tirsanaa beesha [[Rahanweyn|Raxanweyn]], wuxuuna ahaa ergo beeshaas ka socota ee [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)|Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee 2000]] (Shirkii Carta ee Jabuuti).<ref name=UNIRI-1>{{cite news|title=Transitional National Government Faction Rejects New Appointments|newspaper=UN Integrated Regional Information Networks|date=Dec 9, 2003|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200312090068.html}}</ref> Waxaa loo doortay Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka ee [[Transitional National Government|Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TNG) 20 Agoosto 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Twenty-nine candidates begin their campaigns for Somali presidency|newspaper=BBC Summary of World Broadcasts|date=August 26, 2000}}</ref> Isagoo ah guddoomiye, wuxuu shir-guddoomiyay doorashadii [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] loo doortay Madaxweynaha TNG-da ee Shirkii Jabuuti. Bishii Agoosto 2003, Deeroow waxaa laga xilliyay Guddoomiyaha Golaha Baarlamaanka, go'aankaas oo uu sheegay inuu ahaa mid aan sharci ahayn maadaama muddadii TNG-da ay mar hore ku dhammaatay bilowgii bisha.<ref name=UNIRI-1 /> Sannadkii 2004, Madaxweyne [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] ayaa u magacaabay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dastuurka iyo Federaalka ee Dowladdii beddeshay TNG-da oo ahayd [[Transitional Federal Government|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG).<ref name="Crilly">{{cite news|last=Crilly|first=Rob|title=Somalia's transitional government on the verge of collapse|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=August 4, 2006|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0804/p05s01-woaf.html}}</ref> ==Dilkiisa== 28 Luulyo 2006, markii Deeroow uu ka soo baxay salaaddii Jimcaha ee masjid ku yaal magaalada [[Baidoa|Baydhabo]], oo waqtigaas ahayd xarunta ku-meel-gaarka ah ee TFG-da, nin hubaysan ayaa risaas ku dhuftay oo dilay.<ref name=Gettleman>{{cite news|last=Gettleman|first=Jeffrey|title=A Killing Strains Somalia's Hold on Its Tenuous Peace|newspaper=New York Times|date=July 29, 2006}}</ref> Mudahaaraadyo ayaa ka dib ka dhashay jidadka magaalada oo looga soo horjeedo dilkaas.<ref name=Crilly /><ref name="Rsmk">{{cite web|title=Riots as Somali minister killed|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5224108.stm|accessdate=2007-07-29|work=BBC News|date=2006-07-28}}</ref> Waxaa ka dib markaas maamulku bilaabay hawlgal nabadgelyo oo ballaaran.<ref name=Crilly/> ==Xigashooyinka== {{reflist}} ==Tixraacyada== * {{cite web | title=Somali Minister for Constitutional and Federal Affairs Shot Dead in Baidoa |url=https://panafricannews.blogspot.com/2006/07/abdullah-isaaq-deerow-somali-minister.html |accessdate=2007-07-29}} * {{cite web | title=Riots as Somali minister killed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5224108.stm | accessdate=2007-07-29 | work=BBC News | date=2006-07-28}} {{Speakers of Somali Parliament}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Deeroow, Cabdalle Isaaq}} sqow0icgz2lleh0m5ogelv5adolv4v5 0 53640 310712 2026-10-22T13:56:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | name = Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka | native_name = ''Midowga Nabadda Iyo Horumarka''<br />''حزب الاتحاد من أجل السلام والتنمية'' | logo = Logo of Union for Peace and Development Party.png | colorcode = {{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}} | secretary_general = [[Cabdiraaxmaan Maxamed Xuseen]] | foundation = 4 Oktoobar 2018 | founders = {{UBL | [[Xisbiga Daljir]] | [[Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]], Horseed Caucus<ref name="founders">{{cite news|title=PICTURES:WAR CUSUB: Xisbi Siyaasadeed cusub oo ay ku mideysan yihiin Mucaaradka DF oo looga dhawaaqay Muqdisho|url=http://puntlandtimes.ca/2018/09/war-cusub-xisbi-siyaasadeed-cusub-oo-ay-ku-mideysan-yihiin-mucaaradka-df-oo-looga-dhawaaqay-muqdisho/|access-date=October 4, 2018|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=September 30, 2018|archive-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413102845/http://puntlandtimes.ca/2018/09/war-cusub-xisbi-siyaasadeed-cusub-oo-ay-ku-mideysan-yihiin-mucaaradka-df-oo-looga-dhawaaqay-muqdisho/|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | ideology = {{UBL|class=nowrap | [[Conservatism|Ilaalinta Dhaqanka]]<ref name="Africa Elects">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://africaelects.com/somalia/ |website=africaelects.com }}</ref> | [[Islamic democracy|Dimuqraadiyadda Islaamka]]<ref name="Africa Elects" /> | [[Somali nationalism|Waddaniyadda Soomaaliyeed]]<ref name="Africa Elects" /> }} | headquarters = Wadada Garoonka, Dagmada Wadajir, [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | country = Soomaaliya | chairperson = Xasan Sheekh Maxamud | position = [[Centre-right|Tartan-dhexe ee Hore]]<ref name="Africa Elects" /> | youth_wing = Garabka Dhallinyarada UPD | colors = {{Colorbox|{{party color|Union for Peace and Development Party}}|border=silver}} Boodo<br/>{{Colorbox|#FFFFFF|border=silver}} Caanood | website = {{url|upd.so}} | leader = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | national = [[Forum for National Parties|Madasha Xisbiyada Qaranka]] }} '''Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka''' ({{langx|so|Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka}}, '''UPD''' ama '''XMNH'''), waa [[Social conservatism|xisbi siyaasadeed]] oo u taagan ilaalinta dhaqanka bulshada oo ka jira [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]]. Fikirkiisu wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[nationalism|waddaniyad]] iyo [[Islamism|Islaamnimo]] dhexdhexaad ah. XMNH waa mid ka mid ah xisbiyada ugu waaweyn Soomaaliya, xubnaha sare ee xisbiga qaarkoodna waxay ahaan jireen xubno ka tirsan dowladdii madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya [[Sharif Sheikh Ahmed|Shariif Sheekh Axmed]], iyo madaxweynaha xilka haya ee Soomaaliya [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud|Xasan Sheekh Maxamud]]. XMNH wuxuu sidoo kale xubin ka yahay [[Forum for National Parties|Madasha Xisbiyada Qaranka]] oo uu hoggaamiyo [[Sharif Sheikh Ahmed|Shariif Sheekh Axmed]]. Sannadkii 2018-kii, markii XMNH la dhisayay, waxaa la siiyay shahaadada diiwangelinta, xisbigana si rasmi ah ayaa looga dhawaaqay 4 Oktoobar 2018. Shirkiisii ugu horreeyay ee rasmi ah wuxuu dhacay bartamihii Abriil 2019 halkaas oo lagu doortay hoggaamiyaha cusub ee xisbiga, xubnaha guddiga fulinta iyo guddiga dhexe ee xisbiga. Laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 2018, Xasan Sheekh Maxamud waa hoggaamiyaha XMNH.<ref name="Snicsd">{{cite news|title=PICTURES: Union for Peace and Development party launched in Mogadishu|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/pictures-union-for-peace-and-development-party-launched-in-mogadishu/|access-date=October 4, 2018|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=October 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Hiranonline">{{cite news|title=Former Somali president launches new political party|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2018/Sept/160416/former_somali_president_launches_new_political_party.aspx|access-date=October 12, 2018|newspaper=Hiraan online|date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist}} lq1auuelofd350e8kekksqxdeh54okq 10 53641 310713 2026-10-22T13:57:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310713 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Unbulleted list]] sy7gpx7d7kqdajwjgzwwun860bryyvc 0 53642 310714 2026-10-22T13:59:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Maxamed Mursal Sheekh Cabdurraxmaan | honorific_suffix = [[Member of Parliament|Xildhibaan]] | office = Guddoomiyihii 13aad ee [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya]] | term_start = 1 Maajo 2018 | term_end = 27 Abriil 2022 | predecessor = [[Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari]] | successor = [[Aden Madobe|Aadan Maxamed Nuur (Madoobe)]] | image = Mohamed Mursal Abdirahman - 2021 (cropped).jpg | caption = Maxamed Mursal Sheekh Cabdurraxmaan sannadkii 2021 }} '''Dr. Maxamed Mursal Sheekh Cabdurraxmaan''' ({{Langx|so|Maxamed Mursal Sheekh Cabdurraxmaan}}) waa guddoomiyihii hore ee Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya, oo loo doortay 30 Abriil 2018. Wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada [[Baidoa|Baydhabo]] ee Soomaaliya, wuxuuna hore u soo noqday [[Minister of Defence (Somalia)|Wasiirka Gaashaanandhigga]] iyo sidoo kale Wasiirka Hantida Qaranka iyo Iibka Dadweynaha, guddoomiye ku-xigeenka degmada Baydhabo ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{cite news |title=Somali Deputy Prime Minister in Aden |url=http://www.sabanews.net/en/news205217.htm |publisher=[[Saba News Agency]] |date=7 February 2010 |accessdate=22 December 2011 }}</ref> iyo xubin ka tirsan [[Transitional Federal Parliament|Baarlamaanka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa Danjiraha Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya u fhiya Dowladda Turkiga. 12 Disembar 2018, waxaa la sheegay in Mursal uu ka guuray hoygiisii Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya (Villa Somalia), isagoo u guuray guri dhow garoonka diyaaradaha, ka dib markii uu sii socday khilaafkii iyada iyo ku-xigeenadiisa ee ku saabsanaa mooshinkii xilka ka qaadista Madaxweyne Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo iyo aayaha Guddiga Miisaaniyadda ee Golaha Shacabka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goobjoog.com/english/breaking-speaker-mursal-relocates-from-villa-somalia/|title=BREAKING: Speaker Mursal relocates from Villa Somalia|date=Dec 12, 2018|accessdate=Oct 27, 2020}}</ref> Waxaa xilka guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka ka beddelay [[Aden Madobe|Aadan Maxamed Nuur (Madoobe)]] oo la wareegay xilka guddoomiyaha cusub ee Baarlamaanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia's parliament elects new speaker |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/somalia-s-parliament-elects-new-speaker/2574904 |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} {{commons category}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cabdurraxmaan, Maxamed Mursal Sheekh}} qzxxkbx1wtg1vk22horb0apknl7iasy 0 53643 310715 2026-10-22T14:02:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | colorcode = {{party color|Tayo (political party)}} | name = Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo | native_name = {{lang|so|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo}} | founder = Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo | secretary_general = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] | chairperson = [[Maryam Qaasim]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2012}} | ideology = {{UBL|class=nowrap | [[Civic nationalism|Waddaniyadda Madaniga ah]] | [[Economic liberalism|Xorriyadda Dhaqaalaha]] | [[Green liberalism|Xorriyadda Deegaanka]] | [[Progressivism|Horusocodnimada]] | [[Secular liberalism|Xorriyadda Maandhexaadka ah]] | [[Social liberalism|Xorriyadda Bulshada]] }} | headquarters = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Tayo (political party)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Light blue|Buluug furan]] | country = Soomaaliya | abbreviation = TPP | native_name_lang = so | slogan = ''Tayo, Talo-Wadaag iyo Tubta Toosan'' | position = [[Centrism|Dhexdhexaad]] }} '''Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo''' ('''TPP'''; {{Langx|so|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo}}), oo badanaaba loo yaqaano '''Tayo''', waa xisbi siyaasadeed oo ilaalinta xorriyadda u taagan oo ka jira Soomaaliya oo la dhisay sannadkii 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2015 |title=Warsaxafadeed: Xisbiga Tayo Party oo walac ka qaba dhismaha gudiga doorashada ee ay Xukuumadda Somalia Magacowday |url=https://www.ceegaag.com/warsaxafadeed-xisbiga-tayo-party-oo-walac-ka-qaba-dhismaha-gudiga-doorashada-ee-ay-xukuumadda-somalia-magacowday/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Ceegaag Online}}</ref> == Taariikhda == === Dhisiddii === Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo waxaa dhisay bilowgii 2012 [[List of prime ministers of Somalia|Ra'iisul Wasaarihii]] hore ee Soomaaliya [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed]], oo loo yaqaano Farmaajo, iyo xubno ka tirsanaa golihiisii wasiirrada ee hore. Magaca xisbiga, ''Tayo''—oo macnaheedu yahay ''"tayada"'' af Soomaaliga—waxaa loogu talagalay inuu muujiyo sifaadka wanaagsan ee maamulkii gaabnaa ee Farmaajo intii u dhexaysay 2010 iyo 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=SomaliaReport: Former PM Farmajo Forms New Political Party |url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2999 |access-date=2025-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001111/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2999 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Farmaajo wuxuu u tartamay [[2012 Somali presidential election|doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2012]], halkaas oo uu galay koodka todobaad wareegii ugu horreeyay. === Xisbiga talada haya === [[2017 Somali presidential election|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2017]], Farmaajo waxaa loo doortay [[President of Somalia|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] oo ay doorteen xubnaha [[Federal Parliament of Somalia|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]], taas oo muujisay noqoshada Tayo ee xisbiga talada haya ee ''de facto'' ah. Dhowr xubnood oo ka tirsan Tayo ayaa loo magacaabay xilal muhiim ah ee dowladda, oo ay ka mid tahay [[Maryam Qaasim]], oo ahayd guddoomiyaha xisbiga, oo noqotay [[Ministry of Humanitarianism (Somalia)|Wasiirka Gargaarka iyo Maareynta Basiirada]]. Farmaajo wuxuu doonayay in dib loo doorto [[2022 Somali presidential election|doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2022]] balse waxaa wareegii saddexaad ee codbixinta ku dhiibay madaxweynihii hore [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud|Xasan Sheekh Maxamud]], oo ah hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka [[Union for Peace and Development Party|Xisbiga Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Somalia elects new president after long overdue elections |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/15/somalia-elects-hassan-sheikh-mohamud-as-president |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> == Taariikhda doorashooyinka == === Doorashooyinka madaxweynaha === {| class=wikitable style=text-align:right |- ! rowspan="2" | Doorashada ! rowspan="2" | Musharax ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Wareega 1aad ! colspan="2" | Wareega 2aad ! colspan="2" | Wareega 3aad ! rowspan="2" | Natiijada |- ! Codadka ! % ! Codadka ! % ! Codadka ! % |- ! [[2012 Somali presidential election|2012]] | rowspan="3" align="left" | [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed]] | 14 | 5.19 | – | – | – | – |{{no2|'''Waa laga helay''' {{Nay}}}} |- ! [[2017 Somali presidential election|2017]] | 72 | 22.02 | 184 | 56.44 | – | – |{{yes2|'''Wuu guuleystay''' {{Y}}}} |- ! [[2022 Somali presidential election|2022]] | 59 | 18.32 | 83 | 25.70 | 110 | 33.95 |{{no2|'''Waa laga helay''' {{Nay}}}} |} == Tixraacyada == {{reflist}} 0wmcoquwjlxg1c49t44rtpm01su1blv 0 53644 310716 2026-10-22T14:06:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Maryam Qaasim | honorific_suffix = [[Xildhibaan]] | image = Maryam Qaasim.jpg | image_size = | caption = Qaasim sannadkii 2017 | office = [[Wasiirka Gargaarka iyo Maareynta Basiirada]] | president = [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Farmaajo]] | prime_minister = [[Hassan Ali Khaire|Xasan Cali Khayre]] | term_start = 29 Maarso 2017 | term_end = 15 Nofeembar 2017 | predecessor = Xilka oo markii ugu horreysay la dhisay | successor = Hamza Ahmed Hamza | office1 = Guddoomiyaha [[Tayo Political Party|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] | term_start1 = 2 Abriil 2012 | term_end1 = | prime_minister1 = | predecessor1 = Xilka oo markii ugu horreysay la dhisay | successor1 = | office2 = Wasiirka Horumarinta Aadanaha iyo Adeegyada Bulshada ee Soomaaliya | term_start2 = 4 Nofeembar 2012 | term_end2 = 17 Janaayo 2014 | president2 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud|Xasan Sheekh Maxamud]] | prime_minister2 = [[Abdi Farah Shirdon|Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = [[Ahmed Mohamed Gurase]]<br>[[Duale Adan Mohamed]]<br>[[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud]]<br>[[Lugman Ismail Ali]]<br>[[Khadijo Mohamed Diriye]]<br>[[Khalid Omar Ali]] | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = | children = | title = | alma_mater = | party = [[Tayo Political Party|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] | alt = Sawirka Drs. Maryam Qaasim oo u jeeda dhanka bidix kana hadlaysa madasha }} '''Maryam Qaasim''' ({{langx|so|Maryam Qaasim Axmed}},<ref>{{cite news|title=Drs. Maryam Qaasim: "Talaab ma qaadi karno, iyadoon la helin xog rasmi ah"|url=http://aqbaar.com/?p=7597|accessdate=19 October 2013|newspaper=Aqbaar|date=18 August 2013|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020180517/http://aqbaar.com/?p=7597|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{langx|ar|مريم قاسم}}) waa siyaasi [[Somalia|Soomaaliyeed]]. Waxay soo noqotay Wasiirka Horumarinta Aadanaha iyo Adeegyada Bulshada ee [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] laga soo bilaabo Nofeembar 2012 ilaa Janaayo 2014. Waxay sidoo kale tahay Guddoomiyaha [[Tayo Political Party|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]]. 21 Maarso 2017, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Gargaarka iyo Maareynta Basiirada ee uu magacaabay Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Hassan Ali Khaire|Xasan Cali Khayre]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2017/Mar/141153/pm_khaire_announces_27_member_cabinet.aspx|date= March 21, 2017|title=PM Khaire announces 27 member cabinet|work=Hiiraan Online}}</ref> ==Astaamaha nolosha== Qaasim waxay ka dhalatay oo ay ka soo jeedaa beesha [[Bravanese people|Baraawani]] (Reer Baraawa).<ref name="Riaotnsc">{{cite web|title=Initial assessment of the new Somali Cabinet|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/wp-content/uploads/The-new-Somali-Cabinet.pdf|publisher=Raxanreeb|accessdate=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205073048/http://www.raxanreeb.com/wp-content/uploads/The-new-Somali-Cabinet.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay u tababarantahay dhakhtarada caafimaadka. Qaasim waxay hore u soo noqotay dhakhtarada cudurrada kalyaha iyo umulisada, iyadoo ku noolayd kana shaqaysay dhowr dhul oo ay ka mid yihiin Soomaaliya, [[Yemen]], [[Netherlands|Nederland]] iyo [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Mhdadq">{{cite web|title=About Dr. Qasim|url=http://maryamqasim.wordpress.com/about/|publisher=Minister for Human Development & Public Services – Federal Republic of Somalia|accessdate=19 October 2013}}</ref> Sidoo kale, waxay ahayd macallimad jaamacadeed.<ref name="Mhdadq"/> ==Xirfadda siyaasadda== ===Dowladdii Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ahayn=== Dhanka siyaasadda, Qaasim waxay 2010-kii ka mid ahayd Wasiirka Horumarinta Haweenka iyo Arrimaha Ehelka ee [[Transitional Federal Government|Dowladdii Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ahayn]]. Waxay ahayd qeyb muhiim ah oo ka tirsan Golihii Wasiirrada ee Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo]].<ref name="Srsat">{{cite news|title=Somalia Report - 2 April 2012|url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/3199/2_April_2012_Daily_Media_Roundup|accessdate=20 November 2012|newspaper=Somalia Report|date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411020123/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/3199/2_April_2012_Daily_Media_Roundup|archivedate=11 April 2012}}</ref> ===Tayo=== 2 Abriil 2012, Qaasim waxaa loo doortay Guddoomiyaha [[Tayo (political party)|Xisbiga Siyaasadda ee Tayo]] (TPP). Waa urur siyaasadeed ka jira magaalada [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] oo uu dhisay Farmaajo.<ref name="Srsat"/> ===Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya=== ====Magacaabista==== 4 Nofeembar 2012, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Horumarinta Bulshada ee [[Federal Government of Somalia|Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] oo uu magacaabay Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Abdi Farah Shirdon|Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon]].<ref name="Smnspmuhnc">{{cite news|title=Somalia: Prime Minister Unveils His New Cabinet|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201211050009.html|accessdate=5 November 2012|newspaper=Shabelle Media Network|date=4 November 2012}}</ref> Si rasmi ah loogu vocab-bixiyay Wasiirka Horumarinta Aadanaha iyo Adeegyada Bulshada, mas'uuliyadda Qaasim waxay isku xireysay shaqooyinka Waxbarashada, Caafimaadka, Shaqaalaha, Dhallinyarada & Ciyaaraha iyo Haweenka & Arrimaha Bulshada.<ref name="Mhdadq"/> ====Qorshayaasha Istiraatiijiyadeed ee Qeybta Caafimaadka==== Bishii Maarso 2013, dowladda federaalka oo ay hoggaminayso Wasiirka Caafimaadka Qaasim waxay bilowday Qorshayaasha Istiraatiijiyadeed ee Qeybta Caafimaadka (HSSPs) ee aag kasta oo ka tirsan Soomaaliya. Nidaamka cusub ee caafimaadka qaranka wuxuu hiigsanayay inuu siiyo adeegga caafimaadka aasaasiga ah ee caalamiga ah dhammaan shacabka marka la gaaro 2016. Inta ay ka sii razinayso awoodda hay'adaha dowladda, hay'adaha Midoobay waxay si ku-meel-gaar ah iyagoo adeegsanaya iskaashiga dowladda iyo ganacsiga gaarka ah u maamuli doonaan tallaalka iyo barnaamijyada kale ee caafimaadka ee la xiriira. HSSPs waxaa lagu qiimeeyay $350 milyan oo dollar wadarta guud, iyadoo 70%-75% loo weeciyay adeegyada caafimaadka. Marka la dhammaystiro, nidaamka cusub ee caafimaadka qaranka waxaa la filayaa inuu baabi'iyo xaddidaadda awoodda aadanaha ee qeybta caafimaadka, iyo sidoo kale inuu pobo-tiro dhaqaalaha barnaamijyada caafimaadka iyo kadbada guud ee caafimaadka.<ref name="Nsatpuhcbt">{{cite news|title=Somalia aims to provide universal basic health care by 2016|url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130325/Somalia-aims-to-provide-universal-basic-health-care-by-2016.aspx|accessdate=6 July 2014|agency=News-Medical|date=25 March 2013}}</ref> ====Dhammaadka xilliga xilka==== Muddadii Qaasim ee Wasiirka Horumarinta Aadanaha iyo Adeegyada Bulshada waxay ku dhammaatay 17 Janaayo 2014, markii Wasaaradda loo qeybiyay si loo abuuro 6 xilal oo golihiisa wasiirrada ah. Waxaa xilalkaas ka kala beddelay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gurase]] oo noqday Wasiirka Waxbarashada, [[Duale Adan Mohamed]] oo noqday Wasiirka Dhaqanka iyo Waxbarashada Sare, [[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud]] oo noqday Wasiirka Caafimaadka, [[Lugman Ismail Ali]] oo noqday Wasiirka Shaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, [[Khadijo Mohamed Diriye]] oo noqotay Wasiirka Haweenka iyo Xuquuqda Aadanaha, iyo [[Khalid Omar Ali]] oo noqday Wasiirka Ciyaaraha iyo Dhallinyarada.<ref name="Spscwwtftpos">{{cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said "Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia"|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|accessdate=17 January 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Wasiirka Gargaarka iyo Maareynta Basiirada==== 21-kii Maarso 2017, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Hassan Ali Khaire|Xasan Cali Khayre]] wuxuu ku dhowaaqay in Drs. Maryam Qaasim ay hayn doonto xilka cusub ee la dhisay ee Wasiirka Gargaarka iyo Maareynta Basiirada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mareeg.com/somali-pm-appoints-cabinet-ministers-as-new-humanitarian-ministry-founded/|date=March 21, 2017|title=Somali PM appoints cabinet with new humanitarian ministry|work=mareeg|archive-date=October 23, 2022|access-date=April 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023031712/https://mareeg.com/somali-pm-appoints-cabinet-ministers-as-new-humanitarian-ministry-founded/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraacyada== {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qaasim, Maryam}} 79ze142fz1bqfpn2m9s70mqkhhn9lvj 2 53646 310729 2026-10-22T17:37:00Z Bulshaawi123 47944 Ugaas Siciid Cabdi Ducaale 310729 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10 53647 310737 2026-10-22T20:05:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 310737 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Tree list/end]] ly2ax1ri3bi2e509rxzf8vt7var2u37 4 53648 310740 2026-10-23T05:55:07Z Mohamedjama101 47955 Bog cusub: Jama Barre Hared is a Somali researcher and statistics professional whose work is associated with labour statistics and applied statistical research in Somalia. == Career and research == Hared has been associated with the Somalia National Bureau of Statistics, where professional profiles identify him in connection with labour statistics. His research-related work includes publications on social and demographic issues in Somalia. 310740 wikitext text/x-wiki Jama Barre Hared is a Somali researcher and statistics professional whose work is associated with labour statistics and applied statistical research in Somalia. == Career and research == Hared has been associated with the Somalia National Bureau of Statistics, where professional profiles identify him in connection with labour statistics. His research-related work includes publications on social and demographic issues in Somalia. offz9v92q1npi8r0xd9ryrffzcb2ej8 310741 310740 2026-10-23T05:56:08Z Mohamedjama101 47955 /* Career and research */ 310741 wikitext text/x-wiki Jama Barre Hared is a Somali researcher and statistics professional whose work is associated with labour statistics and applied statistical research in Somalia. == Career and research == Hared has been associated with the Somalia National Bureau of Statistics, where professional profiles identify him in connection with labour statistics. His research-related work includes publications on social and demographic issues in Somalia. == References == * Jama Barre Hared's research profile: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Jama-Barre-Hared-2349757104 * Frontiers in Public Health research article: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1779324/full * Somalia National Bureau of Statistics: https://nbs.gov.so/ 9zwmqlvsujcrt7npnntnyyrb5uwae9p