Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Daarood 0 1519 312207 312069 2026-11-11T00:20:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Daarood<br>Darod | image = Darod2.JPG | caption = Xabaasha Sheekh Daarood ee ku taalla [[Haylaan]], [[Sanaag]]. | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]]<br> [[Itoobiya]]<br> [[Kenya]]<br>[[Yemen]]<br>[[Cumaan]] | descended = [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]] | language = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] [[Carabi]] | religion = [[Islaam]] [[Sunni]] | branches = *Maxamed (Kablalaax) *Yuusuf (Awrtable) *Xuseen (Tanade) *Axmed (Sade) *Ciise (Cisse) | parent_tribe = | image_size = 250px }} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}}'''Daarood''' ({{langx|so|Daarood}}) waa qabiil ka mid ah beelaha Soomaaliyeed. Awoowaha halyeeyga ah ee qabiilkan waa [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]], kaas oo si weyn loogu yaqaano magaca '''Daarood'''.<ref name="James Currey Publishers">{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |page=12 |isbn=9780852552803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&dq=i+m+lewis+daarood+1,000,000&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="scribd.com">{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |date=July 1959 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=274–293 |doi=10.2307/1157617 |jstor=1157617 |s2cid=143243256 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |access-date=18 September 2019 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120102426/https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Beesha Daarood waxay inta badan degtaa madaxa Geeska Afrika iyo hareerihiisa, [[Ogaadeeniya]] iyo labada dhinac ee xadka [[Kenya]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]].<ref name="pcl3">{{cite map|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|title=Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg|year=2002|series=Somalia Summary Map|access-date=2012-07-30|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327193237/https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg|url-status=live}} [[Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection]] – N.B. Various authorities indicate that the Darod is one of the largest Somali clans [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C&pg=PA8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408083350/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C&pg=PA8|date=2023-04-08}}, whereas others suggest that the [[Hawiye]] is the largest Somali clan within Somalia, nevertheless, there is an available census that was conducted along the lines of clan affiliates [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530145554/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg|date=2010-05-30}}.</ref> Beesha Daarood waa mid ka mid ah qoysaska qabiil ee ugu waaweyn Geeska Afrika.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grant |first1=Peter |title=Somalia |date=2018 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |quote=Darood is the largest clan among all Somalis across borders. |access-date=2019-09-18 |archive-date=2020-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322143119/https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="James Currey Publishers" /><ref name="scribd.com" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=IM |title=A Modern History Of Somalia |date=2019 |quote=the Dulbahante and Warsangeli divisions of the Darod who, with a strength of perhaps one and a half million, are the largest and most widely distributed of all the Somali clan-families.}}</ref> == Asalka == {{main|Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti}} [[File:Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Mohamoud Ali Shire]], hoggaamiyihii Warsangeli. [[Warsangali]] waa jufo ka tirsan beesha Daarood.]] Sida ay qabto dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed, faracii halyeeyga ahaa ee [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]], [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil al-Jabarti]] (Daarood), oo ah wiil uu dhalay Sheekh Ismaaciil al-Jabarti oo ka tirsanaa dariiqada [[Sufism|Suufiga]] ee [[Qadiriyyah]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mochtari de Pierrepont |first=Zacharie |date=2023-07-01 |title=The Abyssinian connection? |url=https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/19536 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |language=en |issue=153 |pages=153–178 |doi=10.4000/remmm.19536 |issn=0997-1327}}</ref> ayaa ka cararay dalkiisii hoose ee [[Jasiirada Araabta]] ka dib markii uu muran dhex maray adeerkiis.<ref name="McGown">Rima Berns McGown, ''Muslims in the diaspora'', (University of Toronto Press: 1999), pp.27–28</ref><ref name="Daud"/> Qarnigii 10-aad ama 11-aad ee C.D,<ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22</ref> Cabdiraxmaan waxaa la rumeysaa inuu degay gobolka Sanaag ee maanta ku yaalla halkaas oo ka xigta [[Badda Cas]] isla markaana uu guursaday [[Dobira]], oo ahayd gabadhii madaxdii beesha [[Dir (qabiil)|Dir]]. Guurkan ayaa la sheegay inuu sababay dhalashada qoyska qabiilka Daarood.<ref name="Tsjvoiott">{{cite book|last=Somaliland Society|title=The Somaliland Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1–3|year=1954|publisher=The Society|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ|access-date=2016-09-27|archive-date=2024-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522134938/https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Sidaas darteed, waxaa la dhisay xiriiro [[matrilateral]] ah oo lala leeyahay asalka ugu weyn ee [[Samaale]].<ref>Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy'', pp. 11–13.</ref> Inkasta oo ay taasi jirto, ilaha cilmi-baaristu waxay u arkaan sheekadan mid hal abuur abtirsiyeed ah, iyaga oo xusaya in magaca islaamka ka hor ee Daarood uu soo jeedinayo qof asal ahaan ka soo jeeda [[Cushitic-speaking peoples|Kushitik]] kaas oo dib loogu sharxay inay ahaadaan muqaddas Islaami ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en}}</ref> === Boqortooyada Gidaya (Qarnigii 12-aad) === [[File:Harladomain.jpg|thumb]] Qoraayaasha casriga ah waxay xaqiijinayaan in boqortooyada Gidaya ay la xiriirto beesha Geri ee [[Soomaalida]] ee lagu soo sheegay buugga ''[[Futuh al-Habasha]]'' kuwaas oo maanta ku nool agagaarka [[Jigjiga]], halkaas oo ah meesha la rumeysan yahay inay ahayd gobolkii Gidaya.<ref name=":42">{{cite book |last1=Braukamper |first1=Ulrich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&dq=gidaya+hubat&pg=PA34 |title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia |publisher=Lit |year=2002 |isbn=9783825856717 |page=34}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh |first=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia: 16th Century |date=2013 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9780972317269 |pages=125 |language=Arabic |trans-title=English}}</ref> Gidaya waxay caan ku noqotay sababtoo ah ganacsigeedii gudaha ee dhulka hoose kaasoo gaaray ilaa Addis Ababa ee maanta, tani waxay si fiican u waafaqsan tahay natiijooyinkii aqoonyahannada taariikhda Ingiriiska ee xaqiijinaya in kooxaha Soomaalida ay ka taliyeen dhulka sare ee Itoobiya.<ref name=":6">{{cite book |last1=Hirsch |first1=Bertrand |url=https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714 |title=The port of Zeyla and its hinterland in the Middle Ages |date=2011 |publisher=French Center for Ethiopian Studies |isbn=978-2-8218-8265-2 |series=Annales d'Éthiopie Hors-Série / Special Issues |pages=27–74 |chapter=2. Le port de Zeyla et son arrière-pays au Moyen Âge : Investigations archéologiques et retour aux sources écrites}}</ref> Qarnigii saddexaad qoraagii [[Carab]] ahaa ee [[Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il|al-Mufaḍḍal]] wuxuu xusay Boqor Geri oo ka tirsanaa Gidaya oo awooddiisa gaarsiiyay ilaa Shawa.<ref name="id:6" /> Taliyaha Geri ee dambe ee loo yaqaano Sihab al-Din Gidaya Girri waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay madaxa iyo taliyaha ugu sarreeya ee Gidaya.<ref name=":42"/><ref name=":32"/> Sida uu qabo Dr. Lapiso Delebo, Boqortooyadii Gidaya waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dowladaha Islaamka ee si dhaqso leh uga horumaray [[Geeska Afrika]] laga soo bilaabo qarnigii sagaalaad ilaa qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dilebo |first1=Lapiso |url=https://emu.tind.io/record/42082?ln=en |title=An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D. |date=2003 |publisher=Commercial Printing Enterprise |oclc=318904173}}</ref> Qoraagii qarnigii lixaad ee Adal [[Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān|Arab Faqīh]] wuxuu xusay in Boqortooyadii Gidaya ay ka mid ahaayeen ciidankii [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Adal]].<ref name="id:5">{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Taddesse |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965996 |title=Review: Place Names in Ethiopian History |date=November 1991 |publisher=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |page=120 |jstor=41965996}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Roland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C&dq=geday+cambridge&pg=PA170 |title=The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050 |date=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521209816 |page=170}}</ref> Sida uu qabo khabiirka anthropologiska Ingiriiska ah ee [[Cilmiga Soomaalida]] [[Ioan Lewis]], dhaqamada ka soo jeedka qoysaska sharafta leh ee Carabta ee la xiriira [[Muhammad|Nebiga]] waa inta badan muujinta fiidiyowga ah ee muhiimadda [[Islaamka]] ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed.<ref>I.M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), pp.128–129</ref><ref name="bloodandbone">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA104|title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society|last1=Lewis|first1=Ioan. M.|publisher=The Red Sea Press Inc.|year=1994|isbn=9780932415936|location=Larwenceville, NJ|pages=104–105|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522135909/https://books.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "waxaa jira qayb taariikhi ah oo xooggan oo ku jirta khuraafaadkan taas oo, marka laga hadlayo Daarood, lagu xaqiijiyay dhaqanka hadda jira ee wakiilka Dir oo ka qeyb qaadanaya munaasabadda caleemo saarka madaxa qoyska Daarood." Waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Hagiography|hagiology]] badan oo Af Carabi ah oo qoran oo qeexaya safarka Sheekh Daarood, shaqadiisa iyo noloshiisa guud ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, iyo sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqiisa Carabtii ka hor int>**ii uusan iman.<ref>Roland Anthony Oliver, J. D. Fage, ''Journal of African history, Volume 3'', (Cambridge University Press.: 1962), p.45</ref> Marka laga reebo ilaha taariikhiga ah sida [[Al-Masudi]] ee ''Aqeeliyoon'',<ref name="Daud">{{cite web|url=http://www.maanhadal.com/articles/Islam_in_Somali_History.html|title=Islam in Somali History Fact and Fiction revisited, the Arab Factor|website=maanhadal.com|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919030624/http://maanhadal.com/articles/Islam_in_Somali_History.html|archive-date=19 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''manaaqib'' casri ah (ururinta falalka ammaanta leh) oo lagu daabacay [[Qaahira]] sannadkii 1945 by Sheekh Axmed bin Xuseen bin Muxammad oo lagu magacaabo ''Manaaqib as-Sheikh Ismaa'iil bin Ibraahiim al-Jabarti'' ayaa sidoo kale ka hadlaysa Sheekh Daarood iyo aabihiisii ​​la soo jeediyay Isma'il al-Jabarti, kaas oo kan dambe lagu warbixiyay in lagu aasay Bab Siham ee [[Degmada Zabid]] ee galbeedka [[Yemen]].<ref name="Lewisapd">Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy'', p.131.</ref> Xabaasha Sheekh Daarood waxay ku taallaa [[Haylaan]], oo ku taalla gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee Soomaaliya, waana goob ay ku badan yihiin [[ziyaraad]]ada.<ref name="LewisPeoples">Lewis, ''Peoples of the Horn of Africa'', p.18-19</ref> Sheekh Isaaq waxaa lagu aasay meel u dhow [[Maydh]],<ref>I.M. Lewis, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/180241 "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa", ''Journal of African History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325122653/https://www.jstor.org/stable/180241 |date=2021-03-25 }}, 1 (1960), p. 219</ref> sidii oo kale Sheekh Xarti, oo ahayd faraca Sheekh Daarood iyo awoowaha beesha hoose ee [[Harti (Darood)|Harti]] Daarood, kaasoo xabaashiisu ku taallo magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Qa’ableh]]. ''[[mawlid]]'' (dhalashada) Sheekh Daarood ayaa sidoo kale la xusaa Jimco kasta iyadoo si dadweyne ah loo aqrinayo manaaqibtiisa.<ref name="Lewisapd" /> Harti waxay taageerayaal u ahaayeen ilmo adeerkiis [[Imaam]] [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]], kaas oo la soo weriyay inuu ka soo jeedo beesha Geri Kombe.<ref name="Cerulli 1957">{{Cite book |last=Cerulli |first=Enrico |title=Somalia: Storia della Somalia. L'Islām in Somalia. Il Libro degli Zengi |date=1957 |publisher=Istituto poligrafico dello Stato P.V. |language=Italian}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti |date=1950 |publisher=Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Biovanni Freccani |volume=32}}</ref> Qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan Geri Koombe ee beesha Daarood kuwaas oo noqday xididadiisa degdegga ah, waxay saf ugu jireen gadaashiisa iyaga oo taageeraya tallaabo kasta oo uu qaaday.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Ali Jama |title=Who Cares about Somalia |publisher=Schiler |year=2013 |isbn=9783899300758 |pages=86–88 |language=english}}</ref> I.M Lewis wuxuu leeyahay:<blockquote> Ciidamada Soomaalida waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen guulihii Imaamka, waxaana si joogto ah u xusaya Shihab ad-Din, oo ahaa taariikhyahankii Islaamka ee xilligaas oo qorayay int u dhaxeysa 1540 iyo 1560. Kuwa ugu caansan waxay ahaayeen qabiilada Daarood ee ka tirsan garabka Harti kuwaas oo markaas haystay dekedda qadiimiga ah ee [[Maydh|Mait]] ee bariga, isla markaana ku fidayay xagga galbeed iyo koonfur xaruntan. Taageerada Daarood waxaa xoojiyay xiriirka guurka, waayo Imaamku wuxuu xiriir qaraabo ah oo dhanka guurka ah la lahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha Daarood.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa |date=2003 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-4573-0 |series=Eastern African Studies |location=Athens, OH |pages=26}}</ref></blockquote> Tani waa mid aad u dhab ah gaar ahaan Geri Koombe oo ahayd xididkii Imaam Axmed. [[Garad Matan]] wuxuu guursaday Imaam Axmed walaashiis oo lagu magacaabi jiray Fardawsa.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |title=Conquest Of Abyssinia |date=July 2003 |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=44 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |language=English}}</ref> Garaad Matan oo ahaa madaxa Geri Koombe wuxuu taageeray Jihaadka wuxuuna u adeegay ahaa taliye Adal ah, ku xigeenka labaad ee Imaam Axmed.<blockquote>Wuxuu kaloo fariin u diray qabiilka Girri kaas oo ahaa qabiilka uu hoggaamiyaha iyo madaxa ka ahaa Mattan bin 'Utman bin Kaled, Soomaaliga, oo ahaa seedigiis kaas oo ka mid ahaa raggii geesiyaasha ahaa ee shahiiday dagaalkii Amba sidii laga soo xasuusan doono si faahfaahsan markii dambe.<ref name="auto3">{{cite book |last1=Richard |first1=Pankhurst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCHWAOyWmWcC |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia: 16th Century. |last2=ʻArabfaqīh |first2=Shihāb |date=1974 |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=261 |publisher=Lightning Source Incorporated |author-link1=Richard Pankhurst (historian) |author-link2=Shihāb ʻArabfaqīh |access-date=2023-07-17 |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627013909/https://books.google.com/books?id=pCHWAOyWmWcC |url-status=live }}</ref> Sheekhuhu, Allaha u naxariistee, wuxuu leeyahay: Dhinaca bidix waxaa joogay qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee Harti, oo ka soo jeeda dadka Mait; dad aan caadeysan in ay dhiibaan. Waxaa jiray saddex boqol oo iyaga ka mid ah, oo caan ku ahaa ciidanka lugta ah oo ah kuwa seefta ku adag. Sidoo kale waxaa jiray qabiilka Yibberi, oo ahaa agagaarka afar boqol oo ciidan lug ah, kuwaas oo ahaa qaanso-ley. Markaas ayuu imaamku ku xiray shantii boqol ee haystay bartamaha, isaga oo ku yiri, 'Booskiinna ku adkaysta; yuusan idiin dhaqaaqin midkoodna.' Qabiilka Girri waxay ahaayeen dhammaantood fardooley, oo caan ku ah raran rag fardo ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Din |first=Sihab |title=Conquest of Abyssinia |date=July 2003 |isbn=9780972317252 |pages=76 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |language=english}}</ref></blockquote>Beesha Geri Koombe waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay hoggaaminta, [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali]] waxaa ku tilmaamay taariikhyahankii Shihāb al-Dīn inuu ka mid ahaa taliyaasha ciidan ee ugu geesisan uguna kalsoonida badan Sultanate-ka Adal. Imaamku wuxuu ururiyey dhammaan qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed wuxuuna u dhiibay seedigiis [[Garad Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali]].<ref name="auto3"/><blockquote>Intaa ka dib Muslimiintii way istaageen booskooda. Qabiilkii Soomaalida wuxuu yiri waxay ahayd qabiilkii Harla ee na bixiyay halka qabiilkii Harla uu yiri waxay ahayd qabiilkii Soomaalida ee na bixiyay Imaamku wuxuu u qaybiyay ciidankiisa saddex qaybood: dhammaan Soomaalida waxay ku jireen hal qayb oo uu maamulkiisa u wakiishay Mattan.<ref name="auto3" /></blockquote> Shihāb al-Dīn wuxuu xusay in ciidamada [[Harti]] ay ka qayb qaateen ciidanka Sultanate-ka Adal. Xamsa al-Jufi wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye ciidan oo lug ah intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Shimbra Kure]]. Qoraaga [[Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān|Arab Faqih]] wuxuu ku sifeeyay geesinimo iyo adkeysi. Xamsa al-Jufi waxaa lagu tilmaamay mid degdeg badan oo aan iscelin karin ilaa ay Adalites-kii ku qasbanaadeen inay celiyaan, iyagoo u sheegaya inay "samraan". Arab Faqih wuxuu sii wadaa inuu sifeeyo [[Harti]] sida Xamsa al-Jufi oo kale, isagoo aqoonsanaya geesinimada Soomaalida. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay inay yihiin “kuwa caan ku ah ciidanka lugta oo ah seefta ku adag, iyo dad aan caadeysan in ay dhiibaan.”<ref name="Shihab">{{cite book|last1=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh|first1=Translated by Paul Stenhouse, Richard Pankhurst|title=The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century|year=2003|publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors|pages=77|isbn=9780972317269|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgIwAQAAIAAJ|access-date=2016-09-27|archive-date=2024-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522134259/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgIwAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Screenshot 20230421 154102 Drive.jpg|thumb|483x483px|Qoraal gacmeedyadii qarnigii 16-aad oo muujinaya [[Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein Al Somali|Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein]] oo hoggaaminaya qaybta Yabarray ee [[Habr Maqdi]]. Qoraalka cas ee la hoosta xarriiqay waxaa loo turjumay “Qabiilka Yabirray oo wata hoggaamiyahooda Ahmed Girri”. Sida isha keliya ee ugu muhiimsan ee ku saabsan Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein iyo Dagaalladii Futuh, tani waxay si cad u muujineysaa aqoonsiga Ahmed Girri ma aha oo kaliya Soomaali, laakiin sidoo kale ah laanta [[Jidwaaq (qabiil)|Jidwaaq]] Absame ee beesha Daarood. |center]]Beesha [[Marehan]] waxaa lagu diiwaan geliyey inay ka ciyaareen doorka ugu weyn ololihii [[Imaam]] [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] ee ka dhanka ahaa [[Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] qarnigii 16-aad. Imaam Axmed laftiisa, oo ay weheliyaan beddelkiisii ​​[[Nur ibn Mujahid|Amiir Nuur bin Al-Mujaahid]], iyo sidoo kale [[Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros]] waxay dhammaantood ka soo jeedeen beesha Marehan. Iyadoo la socota [[Habr Maqdi]] ee [[Jidwaaq (qabiil)|Jidwaaq]];<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |title=Cahiers d'études africaines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJhWAAAAYAAJ&q=Yiberri%20somali |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |date=1961 |volume=2 |pages=30 |via=Google books |access-date=2023-07-17 |archive-date=2023-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717014206/https://books.google.com/books?id=AJhWAAAAYAAJ&q=Yiberri%20somali |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shihāb al-Dīn |first=ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century |date=2003 |isbn=9780972317252 |page=141|publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref><ref name="The Conquest">{{Cite book |last=al-Dīn |first=Shihāb |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia |year=2003 |isbn=0972317260 |pages=125|publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }}</ref> waxay gacan ka geysteen riixidda cadowga xagga galbeed ee bannaanada [[Shawa]] iyo meel ka sii fog, iyagoo caawiyey in la daciifiyo boqortooyadii [[Masiixiyiinta|Masiixiga]] ee buuraleyda ahayd. Dagaalladaas waxaa ka muuqday qaansoleydii Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan Mareexanka.<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800''<!--page number missing --></ref> == Abtirsiga == [[File:Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadid.jpg|thumb|180px|Suldaan [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]] ee ka tirsan [[Sultanate of Hobyo]], oo ka soo jeeda abtirsiinta Majeerteen ee Daarood.]] Daarood waa wiilka Sheekh Carabi ee caanka ah, Ismaaciil bin Ibraahim Al-Jabarti, kaas oo lagu aasay Degmada Zabid ee Yemen. Waxaa la rumeysaa inuu ka soo jeeday faraca [[Aqeel ibn Abi Talib]] kaasoo iyaguna ka soo jeeday [[Quraysh]], oo ah qabiil Carabi ah oo taariikh ahaan muhiim ah oo uu ka dhashay nebigii ugu dambeeyay ee Islaamka [[Muhammed]].<ref>{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51| title=The Early Islamic Conquests| isbn=9781400847877| last1=Donner| first1=Fred M.| date=2014-07-14| publisher=Princeton University Press| access-date=2020-05-24| archive-date=2023-03-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164823/https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ| url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2009, madaxweynihii hore ee [[Soomaaliya]], [[Abdullahi Yusuf]] wuxuu booqday xabaashii Ismaaciil bin Ibraahim Al-Jabarti ee Yemen.<ref name="somalitalk.com">{{cite web|url=http://somalitalk.com/2009/feb/28feb909.html|title=Yemen: C/laahi Yuusuf oo Booqday Qabrigii Ismaaciil Jabarti...|website=somalitalk.com|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203052021/http://somalitalk.com/2009/feb/28feb909.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ay qabaan taariikhyahanno badan oo [[dhexe]] iyo kuwo casri ah, Daarood wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Aqeel ibn Abi Talib, oo ah ina-adeerka Maxamed iyo walaalka Cali bin Abi Talib. Buug taariikhi ah oo Islaami ah oo duug ah, oo lagu magacaabo ''Aqeeliyoon'' oo uu qoray Al-Masudi, ayaa si faahfaahsan uga hadlaya faraca Aqeel ibn Abi Talib, halkaas oo Daarood sidoo kale lagu xusay.<ref name="Daud"/> Buuggu wuxuu bixinayaa abtirsiinta Sheekh Daarood sida soo socota: Abdirahmaan Bin Ismaa'iil Bin Ibraahim Bin Abdirahmaan Bin Muhammed Bin Abdi Samad Bin Hanbal Bin Mahdi Bin Ahmed Bin Abdalle Bin Muhammed Bin Aqail Bin Abu-Talib Bin Abdul-Mutalib Bin Hashim Bin Qusaya. Sida uu qabo buugga ''Allaa'i Alsuniyah Fi Al-Aqab Al-Aqeeliyah'' (2006) ee uu qoray Axmed bin Cali Al-Rajihi Al-Aqeeli, abtirsiinta Sheekh Daarood/Da'ud waa: "Da'ud ibn Ismail ibn Ibrahim ibn Abdulsamad ibn Ahmed ibn Abdallah ibn Ahmed Ibn Ismail ibn Ibrahim ibn Abdallah ibn Isma'il ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Hamid ibn Abdallah ibn Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Ahmed ibn Abdallah ibn Muslim ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqeel ibn Abi-Talib Al-Hashimi Al-Qurashi". Al-Aqeeli wuxuu ku darayaa in wiilasha Sheekh Isma'il ay ka mid yihiin Abi-Bakar, Da'ud, Ahmad iyo Abdulsamad, kuwaas oo faracooda kale ay ku nool yihiin gobollada [[Hadhramaut]] iyo [[Gobolka Al Mahrah|Mahra]] ee [[Koonfurta Arabia]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Al-Rajihi|first1=A|title=Allaa'i alsuniyah fi al-aqab al-Aqiliyah|date=2006|publisher=Dar Al Manar|pages=113–116|edition=3rd}}</ref> == Baahsanaanta == [[File:Somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Dhulka dhaqanka ee ay degaan qabiilooyinka kala duwan ee Soomaaliyeed oo la tusay<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia Maps – Perry-Castañeda Map Collection – UT Library Online |url=https://www.lib.utexas.edu/ |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921101304/https://www.lib.utexas.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[File:Somalia tribes1977.jpg|thumb|Dhulka dhaqanka ee qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed 1977]] Daarood waxaa la rumeysaa inay tahay beel weyn oo Soomaaliyeed labada dhinacba marka la eego cabbirka dadweynaha iyo deganaanshaha dhulka. Daarood waxay joogitaan weyn ku leeyihiin [[Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee Itoobiya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unpo.org/members/10714|title=UNPO: Ogaden|website=unpo.org|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408181139/http://unpo.org/members/10714|url-status=live}}</ref> waana sidoo kale mid ka mid ah beelaha ugu waaweyn Soomaalida ee Gobolka Waqooyi Bari ee Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somalia1.htm|title=Somalia-Ethiopia, Kenya Conflict|first1=John|last1=Pike|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182309/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somalia1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gudaha Soomaaliya, Daarood waxay sidoo kale ka mid tahay beelaha ugu waaweyn, iyadoo xarumo dhaqameed ku leh waqooyiga, dowlad goboleedka maanta ee [[Puntland]] taas oo ay maamusho beesha hoose ee [[Harti]] ee Daarood. Intaa waxaa dheer, xubnaha [[Marehan]], [[Ogadeen (qabiil)|Ogaden]], [[Jidwaaq]], iyo [[Harti (Daarood)|Harti]] Daarood waxay sidoo kale u degan yihiin dhanka koonfureed ee gobolka [[Gedo]] iyo sidoo kale gobollada [[Jubbada Dhexe]] iyo [[Jubbada Hoose]] ee Soomaaliya. Daarood ee Soomaaliya waxay si dhow ugu dhigantaa Daaroodka degan dowlad goboleedyada [[Jubbaland]] iyo [[Puntland]]. Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Daarood waxay degaan gobollada [[Sool, Soomaaliya|Sool]], [[Sanaag]] iyo gobolada Cayn. Degmooyinka iyo magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Daarood ee Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah [[Galkacyo]], [[Kismaayo]], [[Boosaaso]], iyo [[Garowe]]. Daarood waa sidoo kale beesha ugu weyn [[Jigjiga]] ee Itoobiya, iyo [[Garissa]] ee Waqooyiga Kenya. == Sharafta iyo Madaxda == {{main|Somali aristocratic and court titles|Majeerteen Sultanate|Sultanate of Hobyo}} Beesha Daarood waxay soo saartay rag iyo dumar fara badan oo leh sharaf iyo [[nobility|gobonimada]] Soomaaliyeed qarniyadii la soo dhaafay, oo ay ku jiraan [[Suldaan]] badan. Dhaqan ahaan, dadka Daarood waxay inta badan ku urursanaayeen magaalooyinka waqooyiga iyo waqooyi-bari ee ku baahsan [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo xeebta sare ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Geeska Afrika]]. Ragga sharafta leh ee Daarood waxay xukumayeen meelahan degganaa ilaa ay awoowayaashii gumeysiga Yurub ka beddeleen dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya dhammaadkii qarnigii 19-aad. Intii aysan beesha Daarood bilaabin in ay u soo durugto dhanka koonfureed bartamihii 1850-meeyadii, [[Majeerteen Sultanate]] iyo [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] waxay si adag uga dhisnaayeen jagooyin si adag loo aas-aasay laga soo bilaabo [[Alula]] ilaa [[Hobyo]]. == Geedka qabiilka == [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|Taallo loogu talagalay [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]] (ama ''Mad Mullah''), hoggaamiyihii [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiish]].]]Ma jiro heshiis cad oo laga gaaray qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka iyo beesha hoose, waxaana la dhaafoofay abtirsiinyo badan. Liiska soo socda waxaa saldhig looga dhigay warbixinta [[Bangiga Adduunka]] ee ''Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics'' ee 2005 iyo daabacaadda [[Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha]] ee [[Boqortooyada Midowday]], ''Somalia Assessment 2001''.<ref>Worldbank, ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215085758/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |date=2020-02-15 }}'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55</ref><ref name="ind01b_somalia_ca">[http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081350/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}, p. 43</ref> {{tree list}} *'''Daarood''' ('''Darod''') **Cisse **Sade ***[[Mareexaan]] ****Reer Dini ****Reer Xasan ****Eli Dheere ***[[Facaaye]] **Tanade *** [[Leelkase]] **Yuusuf ***[[Awrtable]] **Kablalaax ***[[Absame]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciisa-Salwe |first=Cabdisalaam M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONotAQAAIAAJ&q=bartire+jidwaaq |title=The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |date=1996 |publisher=HAAN |isbn=978-1-874209-27-0 |language=en}}</ref> ****Bal’ad ****Weytein ****[[Ogadeen (qabiil)|Ogaden]] *****Makabul *****Tolomoge *****Maxamed Zubeir *****Bahgari *****[[Aulihan]] ****[[Jidwaaq]] *****[[Bartire]] *****[[Abaskuul]] *****Yabarre ***Koombe (Kombe) ****[[Geri Koombe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3i4RAQAAIAAJ&dq=geri+kombe&pg=PA261|title=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography|first1=Royal Geographical Society (Great|last1=Britain)|date=6 April 1884|publisher=Edward Stanford|access-date=6 April 2018|via=Google Books|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522135907/https://books.google.com/books?id=3i4RAQAAIAAJ&dq=geri+kombe&pg=PA261#v=onepage&q=geri%20kombe&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> *****Abba Yonis Xasan *****Isaaq Xasan *****Cumar Xasan *****Yuusuf Xasan ****Jairan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drake-Brockman |first=Ralph Evelyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GhyAAAAMAAJ&q=Jiran+darod&dq=Jiran+darod&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirmruRtLGUAxWda0EAHQ0JOQYQ6AF6BAgIEAM#Jiran |title=British Somaliland |date=1912 |publisher=Hurst & Blackett |pages=273–274 |language=en}}</ref> ****Harla<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hussein |first1=Jeylan |title=Sociocognitive Processes in the Construction of Identity and Conflict between the Jarso and Girhi in Eastern Ethiopia |journal=African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review |year=2015 |volume=5 |issue=2 |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=94 |doi=10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.5.2.89 |jstor=10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.5.2.89 |s2cid=154694376 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ambroso |first1=Guido |title=CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA |publisher=Roma Tre University |page=11 |url=https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4150/1/Clanship%2C%20conflict%20and%20refugees_An%20introduction%20to%20Somalis%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf |access-date=2020-05-11 |archive-date=2020-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618031848/https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4150/1/Clanship,%20conflict%20and%20refugees_An%20introduction%20to%20Somalis%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ralph E. Drake-Brockman |title=British Somaliland |date=1912 |location=London |pages=273}}</ref> ****[[Harti (Darod)|Harti]] *****[[Dishiishe]] (Dishishe) *****[[Warsangali]] (Warsengeli) *****[[Majeerteen]] (Mijerteen) ******[[Wabeeneeye]] ******[[Bicidyahan]] ******Siwaaqroon ******Cali Saleeban<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.idilnews.com/2018/07/22/shirkii-dib-u-heshiisiinta-beelaha-cali-saleebaan-iyo-ugaar-saleebaan-oo-furmay/ |title=Shirkii dib u heshiisiinta Beelaha Cali Saleebaan iyo Ugaar Saleebaan oo furmay |date=22 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234122/https://www.idilnews.com/2018/07/22/shirkii-dib-u-heshiisiinta-beelaha-cali-saleebaan-iyo-ugaar-saleebaan-oo-furmay/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ******[[Ugaar Saleebaan]] ******Mohamoud Saleeban *******[[Omar Mohamoud (Clan)|Omar Mohamoud]] *******[[Isse Mohamoud]] *******[[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Osman Mohamoud]] *****[[Dhulbahante]] (Dolbahante) ******[[Mohamoud Garad]] *******Jama Siad *******[[Galool Oriye]] ******[[Farah Garad]] *******Baharsame *******Barkad *******Ararsame *******Bah Cali Gheri ******[[Abdi Garad]] *******Khayr Abdi ******* Cumar Abdi Qeybta koonfureed ee bartamaha Soomaaliya, Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu muujinayaa geedka qabiilka ee soo socda:<ref>Worldbank, ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215085758/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |date=2020-02-15 }}'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2</ref> {{tree list/end}} {{tree list}} *'''Daarood''' **Kablalaax ***Kombe ***Kumade **Cisse (Isse) **Sade ***Marehan ***Facaye **Awrtable **Leelkase (Lelkase) {{tree list/end}} Hal dhaqan ayaa qaba in Daarood uu dhalay hal gabar.<ref name="laurence">{{Cite book|last1=Laurence|first1=Margaret|author-link=Margaret Laurence|title=A Tree for Poverty: Somali Poetry and Prose|page=145|isbn=978-1-55022-177-0|publisher=[[McMaster University]]|location=[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]]|year=1970|quote=Then Magado, the wife of Ishaak, bore him twin sons, and their names were Ahmed, nick-named Arap, and Ismail, nick-named Gerhajis.}}</ref> == Xabaasha Daarood == Daarood waxaa lagu aasay magaalo duug ah oo lagu magacaabo [[Haylaan]] oo u dhow [[Badhan, Sanaag|Badhan]] oo ku taalla gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee waqooyi-bari ee [[Soomaaliya]]. Xaaskiisa [[Dobira]] waxaa lagu aasay meel ka baxsan magaalada. Dhismayaasha ku xeeran iyo masaajidka u dhow xabaasha waxaa dhisay madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya [[Abdullahi Yusuf]]. Daarood waxaa la rumeysaa inuu yahay wiilka Sheekh Carabi ee caanka ah, Ismaaciil bin Ibraahim Al-Jabarti, kaas oo lagu aasay Degmada Zabid ee Yemen. Dhaqanku wuxuu qabaa inuu ka soo jeedo Banu Xaashim. Sannadkii 2009, madaxweynihii hore ee [[Soomaaliya]], [[Abdullahi Yusuf]] wuxuu booqday xabaashii Ismaaciil bin Ibraahim Al-Jabarti ee Yemen<ref name="somalitalk.com"/> Mawlidka (dhalashada) Sheekh Daarood waxaa la xusaa Jimco kasta iyadoo si dadweyne ah loo aqrinayo manaqibtiisa iyo aayadaha [[Quraanka]]. == Wiilashii Sheekh Daarood Ismaaciil ==<!-- the derivation of "Darod" is unknown -- Dierke Lange suggests that it evolved from "Wadd", the moon-god of South Arabia [https://www.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=true] --> *Axmed bin Cabdiraxmaan: Sade Daarood *Maxamed bin Cabdiraxmaan: Kablalax Daarood *Xuseen bin Cabdiraxmaan: Tanade Daarood *Yuusuf bin Cabdiraxmaan: Awrtable Daarood *Ciise bin Cabdiraxmaan: Cisse Daarood == Dadka caanka ah ee Daarood == ===Boqortooyada=== * [[Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein Al Somali]], [[Jidwaaq (qabiil)|Jidwaaq]] Absame, hoggaamiyihii qarnigii 16-aad ee Adalite * [[Matan ibn Uthman Al Somali|Garad Matan Bin Uthman Bin Khalid]] Taliyihii ciidanka Adal ee qarnigii 16-aad * [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Imaam Axmed I Ibrahim Al Ghazi]], [[Geri Koombe]], xukumaha dhabta ah ee Adal<ref name="Cerulli 1957"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> * [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]], Majeerteen, Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] [[File:Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadid.jpg|thumb|[[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]], suldaankii labaad ee [[Sultanate of Hobyo]]]] * [[Mohamoud Ali Shire]], Warsangeli, Suldaankii hore ee "British Somaliland" (1897–1960) * [[Ugas Yasin Ugas Abdurahman]] taliyihii hore ee Boosaaso * [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]], Majeerteen, Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] [[File:Abdiweli Mohamed Ali - 2012-02-27 at 12-31-57.jpg|thumb|[[Abdiweli Gaas]], madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland]] * [[Farah Garad#Overview|Xasan Deyl]], caaqilka guud ee [[Bah Cali Gheri]] xilligii xorriyadda * [[Garaad Abdulahi Garaad Soofe]], caaqilka guud ee ugu horreeyay ee [[Bah Cali Gheri]] qarniga 21-aad * [[Farah Garad#Overview|Yuusuf Kooreeye]], caaqilka guud ee [[Ararsame]] xilligii iyo ka hor xorriyadda * [[Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar#Personal life|Omar Amey]], caaqilka guud ee Ararsame xilligii gumeysiga * Garaad Kulmiye Garad Mohammed Garad Dool Garaad Wiil Waal, [[Bartire]], madaxa hadda ee Absame. * [[Garad Adan Bin Kooshin]], Garaadka Sare ee [[Geri Koombe]] Qarnigii 19-aad ===Hoggaamiyeyaal === *Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi | ''Wiil-Waal'' | [[Bartire]], taliyihii Soomaaliyeed ee xoreeyay Jigjiga laga saaray duullaankii Oromada horraantii 1800-meeyadii. *[[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]], Ogaden, [[Sayyid]] / ''Mad Mullah''; hoggaamiyaha diinta iyo qaranka ee [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiish]]. *[[Nur ibn Mujahid]], Marehan, Guuleystihii labaad ee Itoobiya iyo Awliyo ka tirsan Harar wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika. *[[Siad Barre]], Marehan, Madaxweynihii saddexaad ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1991 ===Hal-abuuro iyo Aasaasayaal === *[[Osman Yusuf Kenadid]], Majeerteen, Ikhtiraacaha Farta [[Osmanya]]. *[[Shire Jama Ahmed]], Marehan, ikhtiraacaha farta Soomaaliga *[[Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]], Majeerteen, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Baarlamaanka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed; Wasiirkii hore ee Caafimaadka iyo Shaqaalaha ee Soomaaliya (1966–67) ===Qareenada iyo Sharci-dejiyeyaasha === *Axmed Sheekh Cali Axmed, Marehan madaxweynihii hore ee Maxkamadda Racfaanka, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya. *[[Ahmed Hussen]], Majeerteen, Wasiirka Socdaalka ee Kanada *[[Abdulqawi Yusuf]], Majeerteen, qareen caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo madaxweynaha Maxkamadda Adduunka ee Caddaaladda. *[[Ilhan Omar]], Majeerteen, xubin ka tirsan [[Golaha Wakiilada Gobolka Minnesota]] *[[Mohamud Ali Magan]], Marehan, Arrimaha Dibadda Soomaaliya, Qunsulka Guud ee Mareykanka iyo Kanada *[[File:Aar Maanta.jpg|thumb|[[Aar Maanta]], fanaan-qoraa heesaha, jilaa, muusikiiste iyo soo-saare muusiko Soomaali-British ah]][[Amina Mohamed]], Dhulbahante, guddoomiyihii hore ee Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Socdaalka iyo Golaha Guud ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka *[[Yusuf Mohamed Ismail]], Majeerteen, safiirkii hore ee Soomaaliya ee Xafiiska Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Geneva ===Qoraayaasha iyo Muusikiistayaasha === *[[Aadan Carab]], Dhulbahante, abwaan ka sheekeeyay xasuuqii Dhulbahante ee gumeystayaashii Yurub ay u geysteen xilligii Daraawiishta *[[Yamyam|Abdulkadir Hersi Siyad ''Yamyam'']], Marehan, wuxuu ahaa abwaan iyo riwaayad Soomaaliyeed. *[[Ahmed Farah Ali|Ahmed Farah Ali ''Idaaja'']], Marehan, mid ka mid ah qoraayaashii ugu horreeyay ee af Soomaaliga ah iyo "aabaha" suugaanta qoran ee Soomaalida *[[Nuruddin Farah]], Ogaden, qoraa Soomaaliyeed oo caalami ah *Ahmed Rasta, Marehan, fanaan. loo bixiyay Boqorka Codka. *[[File:Saadoaliw1.jpg|thumb|[[Saado Ali Warsame]], fanaan-qoraa heesaha iyo xildhibaan hore oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]][[Aar Maanta]], Ogaden, fanaan-qoraa heesaha, jilaa, muusikiiste iyo soo-saare muusiko Soomaali-British ah. * [[Ahmed Biif]], Dishiishe, fanaan hore oo noqday wacdi<ref>{{cite web |title=Ahmed Biif Speaks Out On Quiting Music & New Career As Islamic Preacher |url=https://www.radiodalsan.com/en/58640/2018/11/ahmed-biif-speaks-out-on-quiting-music-new-career-as-islamic-preacher/ |website=Dalsan |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127135529/https://www.radiodalsan.com/en/58640/2018/11/ahmed-biif-speaks-out-on-quiting-music-new-career-as-islamic-preacher/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Mohamed Nuur Giriig]], Warsangeli, Fanaan Qadiimi ah. (1935–2002) *[[Saado Ali Warsame]], Dhulbahante, fanaan-qoraa heesaha iyo xildhibaan hore oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya *[[Faarax Maxamed Jaamac Cawl]], Warsangeli, qoraa *[[:so:Careys Ciise Karshe|Careys Ciise Kaarshe]], Awrtable, abwaan. ===Taliyeyaasha ciidanka iyo shaqaalaha === *[[Faarax Qarshe]], guddoomiyihii Daraawiishta ee [[Bah Udgoon]] *General Sulub Ahmed Firin, [[Abaskuul]] [[Jidwaaq (qabiil)|Jidwaaq]] Absame, Taliyaha Booliska ee Guud ee Soomaaliya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia sacks police boss amid Al-Shabaab raids in Mogadishu |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-sacks-police-boss-amid-al-shabaab-raids-in-mogadishu |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Garowe Online |date=30 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306000102/https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-sacks-police-boss-amid-al-shabaab-raids-in-mogadishu |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Adan Ali Gurey]], Dhulbahante, taliyihii [[Golaweyne]] *[[Suleiman Aden Galaydh]], taliyihii Daraawiishta Dhulbahante ee Cagaarweyne *[[Haji Yusuf Barre]], Dhulbahante, taliyihii dagaalkii ugu weynaa taariikhda Daraawiishta, yacni Jidbali; wuxuu sameeyay istaagkii ugu dambeeyay ee Taleh *[[Yusuf Agararan]], Dhulbahante, wuxuu hoggaamiyay duullaankii ugu guulaha badnaa ee Daraawiishta tan iyo Dagaalkii Dul Madoba *[[Ibraahin Xoorane]], Dhulbahante, taliyihii Daraawiishta ee dilay [[Richard Corfield]][[File:Chief of Somali Police until 1970 Mr. Jama Qorsheel.jpg|thumb|[[Jama Ali Korshel]], Jeneraal Ciidanka Soomaaliya, madaxii hore ee Booliska Soomaaliya iyo mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashii afgambigii 1969 ee Soomaaliya]] *[[Axmed Aarey]], Dhulbahante, taliyihii madaafiicda Daraawiishta ee gacan ka geystay geeridii [[Richard Corfield]] *[[Afqarshe Ismail]], Dhulbahante, afhayeenkii-abwaankii hore ee Daraawiishta; qofkii ugu horreeyay ee ku dhinta duqeyn diyaaradeed oo ka dhacday Afrika *[[Nur Hedik]], Dhulbahante, taliyihii [[Dooxato]] (fardowshada Daraawiishta) oo lahaa guuto [[Shiikhyaale]] ah oo loogu magac daray *[[Abdulkadir Sheikh Diini]], Marehan, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya *[[Abdullahi Anod]], Marehan, madaxii hore ee ciidanka millatariga Soomaaliya *[[Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan]], Majeerteen, Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga Xukuumaddii Siyaad Barre *[[Yusuf Osman Dhumal]], Marehan, madaxii hore ee ciidanka millatariga Soomaaliya *[[Abdirizak Haji Hussein]], Majeerteen, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, iyo xoghayntii guud ee ururkii dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee SYL. *[[Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale]], Marehan, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya, Madaxa Isbaheysiga Dooxada Jubba *[[Jama Ali Korshel]], Warsangeli, jeneraal ka tirsan Ciidanka Soomaaliya, madaxii hore ee Booliska Soomaaliya iyo mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashii afgambigii 1969 ee Soomaaliya *[[Ahmed Warsame]], Marehan, madaxii Akademiyada Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliya. *[[Abdullahi Ahmed Jama]], Warsangeli, Wasiirkii hore ee Caddaaladda iyo Halyeeygii Dagaalkii Ogadeen ee 1977 *[[Mohamed Abshir Muse]], Majeerteen, taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed]] *Bashir Abdi Mohammed "Ameeriko", Majeerteen, taliyaha ciidanka booliska dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya ee hadda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amisom-au.org/2018/05/amisom-to-help-somali-police-force-establish-communication-offices-in-federal-states/|title=AMISOM to help Somali Police Force establish communication offices in federal states|date=2018-05-13|access-date=2018-07-27|archive-date=2018-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513172811/http://amisom-au.org/2018/05/amisom-to-help-somali-police-force-establish-communication-offices-in-federal-states/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/somalia-appoints-new-police-intelligence-chiefs/1067694|title=Somalia appoints new police, intelligence chiefs|access-date=2018-07-27|archive-date=2018-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727054642/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/somalia-appoints-new-police-intelligence-chiefs/1067694|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[File:Bile Abdi (482x321).jpg|thumb|[[Abdi Bile]], horyaalkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed [[1987 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres|adduunka]] ee [[1500 metres]]]]Jeneraal Mohamed Hussien Daa'ud "Xiirane", Awrtable, Jeneraal sar sare oo hoggaaminayay [[Dagaalkii Ogadeen]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Generals of the 1st Kacaan|url=https://www.somaliwave.com/index.php?threads/generals-of-the-1st-kacaan.15478/|access-date=2021-07-14|website=Somaliwave|date=5 May 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065111/https://www.somaliwave.com/index.php?threads/generals-of-the-1st-kacaan.15478/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Siyaasiyiinta=== *[[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed]] (Farmajo), Marehan, madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya *[[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]], Majeerteen, madaxweynihii hore ee [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]], madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay iyo aasaasaha [[Puntland]] *Abdirahman Omar Mohamed (Dr. Cunaaye), Awrtable, wuxuu ahaa agaasimihii hore ee Caafimaadka Gobolka Benaadir, Caafimaadka Bulshada, iyo Adeegyada Cudurrada<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement of British Somali Elders Endorsing Dr Aweys Omar Mohamoud's Presidential Bid for 2021|url=https://www.aweysomarmohamoud4president.com/blog/ideas/statement-of-british-somali-elders-endorsing-dr-aweys-omar-mohamouds-presidential-bid-for-2021/|access-date=2021-07-14|website=www.aweysomarmohamoud4president.com|archive-date=2021-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065111/https://www.aweysomarmohamoud4president.com/blog/ideas/statement-of-british-somali-elders-endorsing-dr-aweys-omar-mohamouds-presidential-bid-for-2021/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Abdi Farah Shirdon]], Marehan, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya *[[Hirsi Bulhan Farah]] Majeerteen, wasiirkii hore ee dowladdii rayidka ahayd ee 1960-meeyadii, maxbuus siyaasadeed iyo Pan-Somalist. *[[Aden Ibrahim Aw Hirsi]], Marehan, Qoraa, Siyaasi – Wasiirkii hore ee qorsheynta dowlad goboleedka Jubaland ee Soomaaliya. *[[Abdirashid Shermarke]], Majeerteen, madaxweynihii labaad ee Soomaaliya, 1967–1969 *[[File:Asli.jpg|thumb|[[Asli Hassan Abade]], duuliye dumar ah oo Soomaali ah oo keliya]]<ref>[Mohamed Aden Sheikh], Marean premier Somali intellectual and former head of Somali Technological Development, Minister of Information, Minister of Education, Head of the Ideology Bureau SRRC</ref> *[[Omar Haji Massale]], Marehan, wasiirkii hore ee gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya *[[Abdiweli Gaas]], Majeerteen madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland *[[Abdi Shire Warsame]], Marehan, safiirkii hore ee Soomaaliya u fadhiyay Kenya iyo Shiinaha iyo Wasiiru Dowlaha Arrimaha Dibadda ee Dowladdii KMG ahayd *[[Ahmed Mohamed Islam]](Axmed Madoobe), Ogaden, Madaxweynaha Dowlad Goboleedka Jubbaland ee Soomaaliya *[[Abdiwahid Gonjeh]], Marehan, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, xubin ka tirsan aqalka sare *[[Ahmed Elmi Osman]] (Karaash), Dhulbahante, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha ee Puntland iyo madaxweynihii hore ee Maamulka Khatumo *[[Fatimo Isaak Bihi]], Marehan, haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee safiir ah, Safiirka Geneva, Agaasimaha Waaxda Afrika ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda. *Abdiasis Nur Hersi, Awrtable, Wasiirkii hore ee Shaqaalaha iyo Isboortiga laga soo bilaabo 1970 ilaa 1977<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tacsi: Siyaasi Dr Cabdicasiis Nuur Xirsi oo ku geeriyooday magaalada Boston (Illaahay Janatul fardawso haka waraabsho {{!}} Puntland Observer|url=http://www.puntlandobserver.com/tacsi-siyaasi-dr-cabdicasiis-nuur-xirsi-oo-ku-geeriyooday-magaalada-boston-illaahay-janatul-fardawso-haka-waraabsho/|access-date=2021-07-14|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065111/http://www.puntlandobserver.com/tacsi-siyaasi-dr-cabdicasiis-nuur-xirsi-oo-ku-geeriyooday-magaalada-boston-illaahay-janatul-fardawso-haka-waraabsho/|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Abdi Mohamoud Omar]], Ogaden, madaxweynihii deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya *[[Mohamed Abdi Yusuf]], Awrtable, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya *[[Abdulahi Sheik Ismael Fara-Tag]], xubin ka tirsan aqalka sare *[[Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar]], Dhulbahante, Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Puntland *[[File:Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo2.jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed]], madaxweynaha [[Soomaaliya]]]][[Ahmed Mohamed Hassan]], Marehan, Xubin ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Pan-African ee ka socda Djibouti *[[Abdirahman Farole]], Majeerteen, madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland *[[Abdirizak Haji Hussein]], Majeerteen, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, iyo xoghayntii guud ee ururkii dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee SYL. *[[Abdirizak Jurile]], Dishiishe, siyaasi rug-caddaa ah, dibloomaasi iyo borofisar. Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee TFG, Xildhibaan hore, agaasimihii hore ee ururro badan oo Qaramada Midoobay iyo kuwo caalami ah, Senator *[[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]], Marehan, ra'iisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya *[[Omar Sharmarke]], Majeerteen, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya, iyo wiilka Abdirashid Ali Shermarke *[[Abdulkadir Abdi Hashi]], Leelkase, Wasiir Dowlaha Madaxtooyada ee Qorsheynta iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Puntland *[[Farah Ali Jama]], Majeerteen, Wasiirkii hore ee Maaliyadda ee Puntland *[[Abdulahi Bille Nour]], Dishiishe, Wasiir Dowlaha Waxbarashada, Hidaha iyo Tacliinta Sare ee Soomaaliya, mid ka mid ah xildhibaanada qaran ee ugu muddada dheer Soomaaliya. *[[File:Iman 1996.jpg|thumb|[[Iman (model)|Iman]], [[supermodel]], atariisho iyo ganacsato Soomaaliyeed]][[Abdulrahman Jama Barre]], Marehan, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya iyo qaraabo dhow la ah Siyaad Barre *[[Shukran Hussein Gure]], Ogaden, Xildhibaanka Degmada Garissa *Jabir Mohamed Abdi waa Wasiirka Dowladda ee [[Ministry of Education (Somalia)|Wasaaradda Waxbarashada]] ee [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-13|title=Sacdiya, Burhan iyo Jaabir oo loodoortay Xildh. Beesha Yusuf Darood|url=https://meeraysane.com/articles/3985/Sacdiya-Burhan-iyo-Jaabir-oo-loodoortay-Xildh-besha-Yusuf|access-date=2021-07-14|website=meeraysane.com|language=English|archive-date=2021-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714065105/https://meeraysane.com/articles/3985/Sacdiya-Burhan-iyo-Jaabir-oo-loodoortay-Xildh-besha-Yusuf|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Said Mohamed Rage]], Dishiishe, Aasaasaha Wakaaladda Ka Hortagga Burcad-badeedda ee Puntland iyo Wasiirka Dekedaha, Gaadiidka Badda iyo Khayraadka Badda ee Puntland *[[Farah Maalim]], Ogaden, Guddoomiye Ku Xigeenka Baarlamaanka Kenya *[[Cabbaas Xuseen]], Dhulbahante, ra'iisul wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee Daraawiishta (1895–1900) *[[Xaashi Suni Fooyaan]], Dhulbahante, ra'iisul wasaarihii xilliga nabadgelyada ee Daraawiishta (1905–1906) ===Injineerada === *[[Asli Hassan Abade]], Ogaden, Duuliyihii Milatariga Dumar ee Ugu Horreeyay Afrika *[[Ali Matan Hashi]], Marehan, duuliyihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed, taliyihii ciidanka cirka Soomaaliya 1959–1978, Wasiirka Adaladda, Wasiirka Caafimaadka, Wadani Soomaaliyeed. *[[Ali Meggar]], Taliyaha Badda ee Daraawiishta ===Cayaartooyda === *[[Abdi Bile]], Dhulbahante, orodyahankii hore ee fogaanta dhexe iyo horyaalkii adduunka ee 1500m ee 1987. ===Kuwo kale === *[[Iman (model)]], Majeerteen, [[supermodel]], atariisho iyo ganacsato *[[Fatima Jibrell]], Dhulbahante, deegaan-yaqaan Soomaali-Maraykan ah *[[Hirsi Magan Isse]], Majeerteen, aqoonyahan iyo mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashii Kacaanka Soomaaliya *[[Nathif Jama Adam]], Ogaden, Guddoomiyaha Degmada Garissa iyo Madaxii Hore ee Maalgashiga & Qaybta Bangiyada Caalamiga ah ee Bangiga Islaamiga ah ee Sharjah *Abdirahman Nur Hersi, Awrtable, Wasiirkii Hore ee Maaliyadda ee Soomaaliya iyo aasaasaha iyo Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Fulinta ee [[Islamic Development Bank]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-05|title=Golaha wasiirada ee Soomaaliya oo mar kale lagu dhawaaqay|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2015/02/150205_somali_cabinet|access-date=2021-07-14|website=BBC News Somali|language=so|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412104805/https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2015/02/150205_somali_cabinet|url-status=live}}</ref> == Xusuusin == {{Reflist|2}} == Tixraac == *Hunt, John A. (1951). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20060815181938/http://www.civicwebs.com/cwvlib/africa/somalia/1951/general_survey/chapter_9.htm#B. Chapter IX: Tribes and Their Stock]". ''A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944–1950''. [[London]]: Crown Agent for the Colonies. Accessed on October 7, 2005 (from Civic Webs Virtual Library archive). *Lewis, I.M. (1955). ''Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho, Part 1'', London: International African Institute. *Lewis, I. M. (1961). ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', reed. Münster: LIT Verlag, 1999. *{{Cite book| title=The Somali Ethnic Group and Clan System| work=Civic Webs Virtual Library, from: Reunification of the Somali People by Jack L. Davies, Band 160 IEE Working Papers, Institute of Development Research and Development, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany 1996 |isbn=978-3-927276-46-8 |issn=0934-6058|url=http://www.civicwebs.com/cwvlib/africa/somalia/1995/reunification/appendix_4.htm| access-date=January 22, 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020921074751/http://www.civicwebs.com/cwvlib/africa/somalia/1995/reunification/appendix_4.htm| archive-date=September 21, 2002| last1=Davies | first1=Jack L. | year=1996 | publisher=Inst. für Entwicklungsforschung und Entwicklungspolitik }} == Akhris Dheeraad ah == *{{cite book|last1=Turnbull|first1=Richard|title=The Darod Invasion|year=1961|publisher=Indiana University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOcPAQAAMAAJ}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://aqeleyoon.wordpress.com/2013/05/30/the-historic-manuscripts-of-abdirahman-bin-ismail-al-jabarti-dauddarod/ The Historic Manuscripts of Abdirahman bin Ismail Al-Jabarti (Da'ud/Darod)] {{Bulshada Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Daarood| ]] [[Category:Qabaa'ilada Soomaaliya]] sf8f5jlshjgdrdfzw320jsac2cwtnkl Wikibidhiya 0 1587 312282 312140 2026-11-11T09:30:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|upright=0.68|frameless|An incomplete sphere made of large, white jigsaw puzzle pieces. Each puzzle piece contains one glyph from a different writing system, with each glyph written in black.]] | logo_caption = Sawirka astaanta Wikipedia wuxuu muujinayaa kubbad ka samaysan qaybo halxiraale ah oo leh astaamo ka kala socda luqado kala duwan. | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Bogga hore ee Wikipedia oo muujinaya luqadaha kala duwan, kuwaas oo loo kala soocay tirada maqaallada | caption = Bogga hore ee Wikipedia ee kombuyuutarka sannadkii 2022 | collapsible = yes | website_type = Ensiklabeediyo onlayn ah | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}} | language_footnote = {{efn|Waxaa jira {{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}} nooc oo Wikipedia ah oo firfircoon, laakiin taasi macnaheedu ma aha inay jiraan {{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}} luqadood oo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo Wikipedia ah oo ku qoran afka Belarusiyaanka (iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab-qoraallada Narkamaŭka iyo Taraškievica), iyo noocyo kala duwan oo ku qoran afka Noorwiijiga (iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab-qoraallada Nynorsk iyo Bokmål), iwm.<br />Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira {{NUMBEROF|closed|Wikipedia}} nooc oo Wikipedia ah oo xiran, kuwaas oo ku qoran luqado aan lahayn dad ku hadla oo ku filan si mashruuca loo sii wado (tusaale ahaan, Marshallese iyo Akan). Afar nooc ayaa gebi ahaanba la tirtiray (tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah [[:meta:Proposals for closing projects/Deletion of Moldovan Wikipedia 2|Moldovian Wikipedia]] iyo [[:meta:Proposals for closing projects/Deletion of Siberian Wikipedia|Siberian Wikipedia]])}}{{efn|Luqadaha qaar ee ku dhow inay dabar go'aan, sida luqadda Manchu, ma laha nooc Wikipedia ah oo loo sameeyay.}} | predecessor = Nupedia | headquarters = San Francisco, California, US | country_of_origin = Mareykanka | area_served = Adduunka oo dhan (marka laga reebo Shiinaha, Myanmar, iyo Woqooyiga Kuuriya) | owner = Wikimedia Foundation (tan iyo 2003) | creator = {{hlist|Jimmy Wales|Larry Sanger}} | website = {{URL|https://wikipedia.org}} | ipv6 = La taageeray | commercial = Maya | registration = Ikhtiyaari{{efn|Diiwaangelintu waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay hawlo kala duwan, sida tafatirka bogagga la ilaaliyo, abuurista bogag ku jira Wikipedia, iyo soo raridda faylasha.}} | num_users = {{format price|{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}} (laga bilaabo {{Date|2=MDY}}) | launched = {{Start date and age|p=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Firfircoon | content_license = Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0{{efn|Qoraallada badankood sidoo kale waxaa lagu shatiyeeyaa GNU Free Documentation License; shatiyada warbaahintu way kala duwan yihiin.}} | oclc = 52075003 | written_in = <!-- None, the programming language is a property of MediaWiki --> }} {{No image carousel}} '''Wikipedia'''{{efn|Waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa {{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Wikipedia.ogg|ˌ|w|ɪ|k|@|ˈ|p|iː|d|i|ə}} {{respell|WIK|ə|PEE|dee|ə}} ama {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Wikipedia.ogg|ˌ|w|ɪ|k|i|-}} {{respell|WIK|ee|PEE|dee|ə}} ee Af-Soomaali}} waa ensiklabeediyo onlayn ah oo bilaash ah, waxaana qora oo maamula bulsho ka kooban tafatirayaal mutadawiciin ah oo loo yaqaan Wikipedians, iyagoo adeegsanaya iskaashi furan iyo softiweerka wiki ee MediaWiki. Waxaa aasaasay Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger sannadkii 2001, Wikipedia waxaa tan iyo 2003 martigelinaysay Wikimedia Foundation, oo ah hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo Mareykan ah, taas oo inta badan lagu maalgeliyo deeqaha ay bixiyaan akhristayaashu.<ref name=WF10.23.23>{{cite web |title=7 reasons you should donate to Wikipedia |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2022/11/03/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/ |last=Seitz-Gruwell |first=Lisa |author-link=Lisa Seitz-Gruwell |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=October 23, 2023 |access-date=December 27, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008212455/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/10/23/7-reasons-you-should-donate-to-wikipedia/}}</ref> Wikipedia waa shaqada tixraaca ee ugu weyn uguna akhriska badan taariikhda.<ref name="Wiki20">{{cite news |date=January 9, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107165356/https://www.economist.com/international/2021/01/09/wikipedia-is-20-and-its-reputation-has-never-been-higher |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=February 25, 2021 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Anderson |first=Chris |date=May 8, 2006 |title=Jimmy Wales – The 2006 Time 100 |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1975813_1975844_1976488,00.html |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012001311/https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1975813_1975844_1976488,00.html |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |access-date=November 11, 2017 |author-link=Chris Anderson (writer)}}</ref> Wikipedia oo markii hore lagu heli karay oo keliya luqadda Ingiriisiga, hadda waxay leedahay in ka badan 300 oo luqadood, waana mid ka mid ah mareegaha ugu booqashada badan adduunka {{as of|2026|lc=y|post=}}. Wikipedia-da Soomaaliga, oo leh in ka badan {{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}}|R}}&nbsp;kun oo maqaal, weli waa nooca ugu weyn. Noocyada kala duwan ee Wikipedia waxay si wadajir ah uga kooban yihiin in ka badan {{spellnum per MOS|{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}}} maqaal, waxayna soo jiitaan in ka badan 1.5&nbsp;bilyan oo booqasho oo laga sameeyo qalabyo gaar ah iyo 13&nbsp;milyan oo tafatir bishii (celcelis ahaan qiyaastii shan&nbsp;tafatir ilbiriqsikii) {{as of|2024|04|lc=y|post=.}}<ref name="Wikimedia_Stats">{{cite web |title=Wikistats – Statistics For Wikimedia Projects |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/all-wikipedia-projects |access-date=August 8, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=July 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711051858/https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/all-wikipedia-projects |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2025|12|post=,}} in ka badan 25% taraafikada Wikipedia waxay ka timaadaa Mareykanka, halka Jabaan ay ka tahay ku dhowaad 7%, Boqortooyada Midowday, Jarmalka, iyo Ruushkana mid kastaaba uu ka yahay qiyaastii 5%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=wikipedia.org |url=https://www.similarweb.com/website/wikipedia.org/#geography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091241/https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091241/https://www.similarweb.com/website/wikipedia.org#geography |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=January 9, 2026 |website=Similarweb}}</ref> Wikipedia waxaa lagu ammaanay qaab-dhismeedkeeda gudaha iyo dhaqankeeda, maadaama ay suurtageliso dimuqraadiyeynta aqoonta iyo daboolidda ballaaran ee mowduucyo kala duwan. Ensiklabeediyada waxaa sidoo kale lagu dhaleeceeyay eexda nidaamsan, sida eexda jinsiga ee ka dhanka ah haweenka iyo eexda juqraafiyeed ee ka dhanka ah Koonfurta Caalamiga ah.<ref>{{cite news |last=Noor |first=Poppy |title=Wikipedia biases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/29/the-five-wikipedia-biases-pro-western-male-dominated |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=May 31, 2024 |date=July 29, 2018 |author-link=Poppy Noor |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040056/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/29/the-five-wikipedia-biases-pro-western-male-dominated |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hern |first1=Alex |title=Wikipedia's view of the world is written by the west |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/15/wikipedia-view-of-the-world-is-still-written-by-the-west |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=May 31, 2024 |date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Kalsoonida Wikipedia waxaa inta badan la dhaleeceyn jiray sannadihii 2000-meeyadii, laakiin waxay heshay ammaan ka sii weyn laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii 2010-meeyadii wixii ka dambeeyay.<ref name="Wiki20" /><ref name="Econ21">{{Cite news |date=January 9, 2021 |title=Happy Birthday, Wikipedia |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101031816/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/01/09/happy-birthday-wikipedia |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 1, 2023}}</ref> Faafreebka Wikipedia ee ay sameeyaan dowladaha kala duwan wuxuu isugu jiray xannibaadda bogag gaar ah ilaa xannibaadda dhammaan mareegta, mararka qaarkoodna waxaa sabab u ahaa dhaleeceynta dowladda ama nuxur loo arkay mid meel ka dhac ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Treisman |first=Rachel |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Russia threatens to fine Wikipedia if it doesn't remove some details about the war |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090279187/russia-wikipedia-fine |url-status=live |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215844/https://web.archive.org/web/20221202215844/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090279187/russia-wikipedia-fine |archive-date=December 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Last best">{{cite news |last1=Cooke |first1=Richard |date=February 17, 2020 |title=Wikipedia Is the Last Best Place on the Internet |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/ |url-access=limited |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217081500/https://web.archive.org/web/20221217081500/https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-online-encyclopedia-best-place-internet/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 17, 2022}}</ref> Maqaallada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan wararka degdegga ah waxaa dad badan u adeegsadaan il ay ka helaan macluumaadka cusub.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Samantha Murphy |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Meet the Wikipedia editor who published the Buffalo shooting entry minutes after it started |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/20/tech/wikipedia-editors-breaking-news/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012001310/https://web.archive.org/web/20221012001310/https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/20/tech/wikipedia-editors-breaking-news/index.html |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |access-date=May 24, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McNamee |first=Kai |date=September 15, 2022 |title=Fastest 'was' in the West: Inside Wikipedia's race to cover the queen's death |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1122943829/wikipedia--queen-elizabeth-ii-death-deaditors-editors-article |url-status=live |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115033202/https://web.archive.org/web/20230115033202/https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1122943829/wikipedia--queen-elizabeth-ii-death-deaditors-editors-article |archive-date=January 15, 2023}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== [[File:Wikipedia founders Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger in 2026.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Aasaasayaasha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger labaduba sanadka 2026]] === Nupedia === Encyclopedia-yada kala duwan ee la wada shaqeeyo ee internet-ka ayaa la isku dayay ka hor intaan la bilaabin Wikipedia, laakiin waxay lahaayeen guul kooban.<ref>{{cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia waxay billowday mashruuc kabid ah oo loogu talagalay Nupedia, oo ah mashruuc encyclopedia ah oo online ah oo af-Soomaali ah oo bilaash ah cida ay maqaalladooda qoreen khubaro oo lagu eegayay habraac rasmi ah.<ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{cite journal |last1=Kock |first1=Ned |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |author1-link=Ned Kock |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |journal=International Journal of e-Collaboration |date=2016 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |publisher=IGI Global |issn=1548-3681 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> Waxaa la aasaasay Maarso 9, 2000, iyada oo hoos imaanaysa mulkiyadda Bomis, oo ah shirkad bogga internet-ka ah. Xubniheeda ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen madaxa shirkadda Bomis Jimmy Wales iyo Larry Sanger, oo ahaa tifaftiraha guud ee Nupedia iyo dabadeedna Wikipedia.<ref name="Sidener-2004" /><ref name="Meyers" /> Nupedia markii hore waxaa lagu shatiyeeyay shatigeeda gaarka ah ee Nupedia Open Content License. Kahor intaan la aasaasin Wikipedia, Nupedia waxay u beddeshay GNU Free Documentation License iyada oo uu ku boorriyay Richard Stallman.<ref name="stallman1999" /> Wales waxaa inta badan loo aqoonsadaa inuu qeexay ujeeddada ah in la sameeyo encyclopedia si dadweynuhu ay wax uga beddeli karaan,<ref name="SangerMemoir" /> halka Sanger loo aqoonsaday istaraatiijiyadda ah in la isticmaalo wiki si loo gaaro ujeeddadaas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Janaayo 10, 2001, Sanger wuxuu ku soo jeediyay liiska boostada ee Nupedia in la abuuro wiki oo ah mashruuc "quudin" ah oo loogu talagalay Nupedia.<ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1">{{cite news |last=Sanger |first=Larry |date=January 10, 2001 |title=Let's Make a Wiki |url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |archive-date=April 14, 2003 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |publisher=Internet Archive}}</ref> === Daahfurka iyo Koritaanka === Wikipedia waxay la daahfuray Janaayo 15, 2001 (mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan "Maalinta Wikipedia"),{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} iyada oo ah daabacaad keliya oo af-Soomaali ah oo wadata magaca domain-ka ''www.wikipedia.com'',<ref name="WikipediaHome" /> waxaana ku dhuawaaqay Sanger oo ku jira liiska boostada ee Nupedia.<ref name="SangerMemoir" /> Magaca, oo uu soo jeediyay Sanger si looga hortago wax kasta oo waxyeelo ah oo soo gaari kara magaca Nupedia,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Larry Sanger |author-link=Larry Sanger |date=11 January 2001 |title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki... |publisher=Nupedia mailing list |url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414021138/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 April 2003}}</ref> wuxuu ka soo jeestay erey isku dar ah oo ah erayada ''wiki'' iyo ''encyclopedia''.<ref name="MiliardWho" /><ref name="J Sidener" /> Wales wuxuu sheegay in fikradda Wikipedia ay saameeyeen fikradaha nidaamka iskaba-imaadka ah ee la xiriira Friedrich Hayek iyo Dugsiga Dhaqaalaha ee Austriya ka dib markii uu la kulmay fikradahan dhaqaaley yahanka xorta ah Mark Thornton.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-15 |title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699 |access-date=2026-04-21 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921023242/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mangu-Ward-2007">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Gaar ahaan, Wales waxaa saameeyay qormadii Hayek ee The Use_of Knowledge in Society isagoo sheegay inay ahayd "udub dhexaad" u ah fikirkiisa ku saabsan "sida loo maareeyo mashruuca Wikipedia".<ref name="Mangu-Ward-2007" /> Siyaasaddeeda isku-dhafnaan ee ah "aragtida dhexdhexaadka ah" waxay soo baxday sanadkeedii ugu horreeyay.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}} Haddii kale, bilowgii waxaa jiray xeerar yar oo qaraabo ah, waxayna si madaxbannaan u maamulaysay Nupedia.<ref name="SangerMemoir" /> Bomis markii ugu horreysay waxay u toosnayd inay noqoto ganacsi faa'iido doon ah.<ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{cite news |author-last1=Finkelstein |author-first1=Seth |date=September 25, 2008 |title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet |url-status=live |access-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207170151/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet |archive-date=December 7, 2022}}</ref> [[File:English Wikipedia HomePage 2001-12-20.png|thumb|Bogga hoyga ee Wikipedia bishii Diseembar 20, 2001{{efn|Waxaa laga heli karaa keyd ahaan Nostalgia Wikipedia}}]] Wikipedia waxay ka heshay wax ku darsadayaasha hore Nupedia, qoraallada ''Slashdot'', iyo tilmaamaha mashiinka raadinta webka. Daabacaadaha luqadaha waxaa la abuuray iyadoo la bilaabayo Maarso 2001, iyadoo guud ahaan 161 ay isticmaalayeen dhammaadkii 2004.<ref>{{Cite mailing list |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000048.html |title=Alternative language wikipedias |date=March 16, 2001 |mailing-list=Wikipedia-L |last=Wales |first=Jimmy |access-date=January 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620120728/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000048.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WP early language stats 1">Wikipedia:Multilingual statistics/2004</ref> Nupedia iyo Wikipedia waxay wada jireen ilaa inta server-kii hore la dejiyay si joogto ah 2003, qoraalkeedana lagu daray Wikipedia. Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay dhaaftay calaamadda 2 milyan oo maqaal Sebtembar 9, 2007, taasoo ka dhigtay encyclopedia-yadii ugu waaweynaa ee abid la soo ururiyo, iyadoo dhaaftay ''Yongle Encyclopedia'' ee lagu sameeyay Shiinaha intii lagu jiray boqortooyadii Ming 1408, taas oo haysay rikoodhka ku dhowaad 600 oo sano.<ref name="EB_encyclopedia" /> Cabsi laga qabay xayeysiisyada ganacsiga iyo la'aanta maamul darteed, isticmaaleyaasha Wikipedia-ga Isbaanishka ayaa ka soocmay Wikipedia si ay u abuuraan Enciclopedia Libre Febraayo 2002.<ref name="EL fears and start 1">{{cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |website=Osdir |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 6, 2008}}</ref> Wales wuxuu markaa ku dhawaaqay in Wikipedia aysan soo bandhigi doonin xayeysiis oo uu beddelay domain-ka Wikipedia ee ahaa ''wikipedia.com'' kuna beddelay ''wikipedia.org''.<ref name="Shirky" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=Wikimedia}}</ref> Ka dib xilli hore oo koritaan degdeg ah,<ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1"/> heerka koritaanka ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga marka loo eego tirada maqaallada cusub iyo tifaftirayaasha waxay u muuqataa inay gaartay heer sare agagaarka horraantii 2007.<ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Bobbie |date=August 12, 2009 |title=Wikipedia approaches its limits |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist |access-date=March 31, 2010 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226132759/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist+ |url-status=live}}</ref> Daabacaaddu waxay gaartay 3 milyan oo maqaal Ogosto 2009. Qiyaastii 1,800 maqaal ayaa maalin walba lagu daray encyclopedia 2006; sanadka 2013 celceliskaas wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 800.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |url-status=live |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth}}</ref> Koox ka tirsan Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Palo Alto waxay sabab uga dhigtay hoos u dhacan koritaanka "kordhinta isku-duwidda iyo kharashyada guud, ka saaridda kuwa cusub, iyo iska caabinta tifaftirka cusub".<ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1">{{Cite conference |last1=Suh |first1=Bongwon |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |date=October 25, 2009 |title=The singularity is not near: slowing growth of Wikipedia |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1641309.1641322 |conference=WikiSym '09 |book-title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |publisher=ACM |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926122335/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1641309.1641322 |url-status=live |author3-link=Ed Chi |author4-link=Peter Pirolli}}</ref> Qaar kalena waxay soo jeediyeen in koritaanku uu si dabiici ah u fogaaday sababtoo ha maqaallada loogu yeeri karo "midho hooseeya" - mowduucyada si cad u mudan maqaal - horeyba waa la abuuray oo si ballaaran loo dhisay.<ref name="bostonreview the end of WP 1">{{cite magazine |last=Morozov |first=Evgeny |date=November–December 2009 |title=Edit This Page; Is it the end of Wikipedia |url=https://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/edit-page-wikipedia-evgeny-morozov |magazine=Boston Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211050926/https://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/edit-page-wikipedia-evgeny-morozov |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=March 28, 2009 |title=Wikipedia – Exploring Fact City |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430045029/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 30, 2011}}</ref><ref name="stanford WP lack of future growth 1">{{cite web |last1=Gibbons |first1=Austin |last2=Vetrano |first2=David |last3=Biancani |first3=Susan |year=2012 |title=Wikipedia: Nowhere to grow |url=https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs341-2012/reports/09-GibbonsVetranoBiancaniCS341.pdf |url-status=live |publisher=Stanford Network Analysis Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718091331/https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs341-2012/reports/09-GibbonsVetranoBiancaniCS341.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2014}} {{open access}}</ref> {{anchor|Decline in participation since 2009}} Nofeembar 2009, cilmi-baare ka tirsan Jaamacadda Rey Juan Carlos ee Madrid, Spain, ayaa ogaaday in Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu waayay 49,000 oo tifaftire ah seddexdii bilood ee ugu horreysay 2009; marka la barbardhigo, waxay lumisay kaliya 4,900 oo tifaftire ah muddadaas oo kale sanadka 2008.<ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors |title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Jenny |last=Kleeman |date=November 26, 2009 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226132806/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors+ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Ortega Soto |first=José Felipe |date=2009 |title=Wikipedia: A quantitative analysis |type=PhD thesis |publisher=Rey Juan Carlos University |url=https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/handle/10115/11239 |hdl=10115/11239 |access-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314135007/https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/handle/10115/11239 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'' ayaa xusay tirada xeerarka lagu dabaqo tafatirka iyo khilaafaadka la xiriira waxyaabahaas ka mid ah sababaha isbeddelkan.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fowler |first1=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Wales ayaa muran geliyay eedeymahan 2009, isagoo diiday hoos u dhaca oo su'aal gelinaya habraaca daraasadda.<ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{cite news |last=Barnett |first=Emma |date=November 26, 2009 |title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109044012/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html |archive-date=November 9, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Laba sano ka dib, 2011, wuxuu qirtay hoos u dhac yar, isagoo xusay hoos u dhac ka yimid "in yar oo ka badan 36,000 oo qoraayaal ah" Juun 2010 ilaa 35,800 Juun 2011. Wareysi la mid ah, wuxuu sidoo kale sheegay in tirada tifaftirayaashu ay ahayd "mid deggan oo waara".<ref name="wiki-women">{{cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=August 8, 2011 |title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors |newspaper=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=April 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421150824/https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html |archive-date=April 21, 2022}}</ref> Maqaal 2013 ah oo ka baxay ''MIT Technology Review'', "The Decline of Wikipedia", ayaa su'aal geliyay sheegashadan, iyada oo warbixineysa in tan iyo 2007 Wikipedia ay lumisay seddex meelood meel ka mid ah tifaftirayaasheeda mutadawiciinta ah, waxayna soo jeedisay in kuwa soo haray ay si isa soo taraysa diiradda u saareen faahfaahin yar yar.<ref name="Simonite-2013">{{cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |date=October 22, 2013 |journal=MIT Technology Review |access-date=November 30, 2013 |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Luulyo 2012, ''The Atlantic'' ayaa ku warrantay in tirada maamulayaashu ay sidoo kale ku jirtay hoos u dhac.<ref name="Meyer-2012">{{cite news |last=Meyer |first=Robinson |date=July 16, 2012 |title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209095932/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829/ |archive-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref> Nofeembar 2013, joornaalka ''New York'' ayaa sheegay, "Wikipedia, oo ah mareegaha lixaad ee ugu isticmaalka badan, ayaa wajahaya dhibaato gudaha ah."<ref>Ward, Katherine (November 25, 2013). ''New York'' Magazine. p. 18.</ref> Tirada tifaftirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa tan iyo markaas ahayd mid deggan muddo dheer oo hoos u dhac ah ka dib.<ref>{{Cite news |last=F. |first=G. |date=May 5, 2013 |title=Who really runs Wikipedia? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126151121/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia |archive-date=November 26, 2021 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021}}</ref> Janaayo 20, 2014, Subodh Varma oo u warramayay ''The Economic Times'' ayaa tilmaamay in koritaanka Wikipedia uusan kaliya istaagin, balse "uu lumiyay ku dhowaad boqolkiiba toban aragtida boggaggiisa sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Waxaa jiray hoos u dhac ku dhowaad 2 bilyan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar 2012 iyo Diseembar 2013. Noocyadeeda ugu caansan ayaa horseedaya hoos u dhaca: aragtida bogga ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa hoos u dhacay boqolkiiba laba iyo toban, kuwa nooca Jarmalka ayaa hoos u dhacay 17 boqolkiiba isla markaana nooca Jabaanku uu lumiyay 9 boqolkiiba."<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |last=Varma |first=Subodh |date=January 20, 2014 |title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views? |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms |url-status=live |access-date=February 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211043545/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms |archive-date=December 11, 2022}}</ref> Varma wuxuu ku daray, "In kasta oo maamulayaasha Wikipedia ay u maleynayaan in tani ay sabab u noqon karto khaladaadka xisaabinta, khubaro kale ayaa qaba in mashruuca Google ee Knowledge Graphs ee la bilaabay sanadkii la soo dhaafay uu liqayo isticmaaleyaasha Wikipedia."<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Marka la la xiriiray arrintaan, Clay Shirky, oo ah borofisar ku xigeen ka ah Jaamacadda New York isla markaana ah xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Berkman Klein ee Jaamacadda Harvard ee Internet & Society ayaa sheegay inuu uga shakisan yahay in inta badan hoos u dhaca aragtida bogga uu sabab u ahaa Knowledge Graphs, isagoo yiri, "Haddii aad ka heli karto jawaabta su'aashaada bogga raadinta, uma baahnid inaad gujiso wax kale."<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Dhamaadkii Diseembar 2016, Wikipedia waxaa loo calaamadiyay mareegaha shanaad ee ugu caansan caalamka.<ref name="Alexa">{{cite web |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |website=Alexa Internet |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |url-status=dead}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo Janaayo 2023, 55,791 maqaallo Wikipedia ah ayaa lagu xusay 92,300 jeer joornaalada cilmi-baarista,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |publisher=exaly |access-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live}}</ref> kuwaas oo xisaabinta daruuraha ay ahayd bogga ugu badan ee la soo xigtay.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |publisher=exaly |access-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> === Mashaariicda la walaasha ah === {{Main|Wikimedia project}} Wikipedia waxay dhashay dhowr mashruuc oo walaalo ah, kuwaas oo iyaguna ah wiki ay maamusho [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Kuwan kale ee [[Wikimedia project]]s waxaa ka mid ah [[Wiktionary]], mashruuc qaamuus ah oo la bilaabay Diseembar 2002,<ref>{{Cite mailing list |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-December/008311.html |title=Wiktionary project launched |date=December 12, 2002 |mailing-list=Wikipedia-l |last=Moeller |first=Erik |author-link=Erik Möller |access-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620100425/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-December/008311.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wikiquote]], ururinta oraahyo la abuuray todobaad ka dib markii Wikimedia la bilaabay,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Dan |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> [[Wikibooks]], ururinta buugaag waxbarasho oo bilaash ah oo si wada jir ah loo qoray iyo qoraallo la faallooday,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]], goob u go'an multimedia aqoonta xorta ah,<ref>{{Cite mailing list |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2004-March/014885.html |title=Proposal: commons.wikimedia.org |date=March 19, 2004 |mailing-list=Wikipedia-l |last=Moeller |first=Erik |access-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114542/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2004-March/014885.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Wikinews]], oo loogu talagalay saxafada wada-shaqeynta ah<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eloquence |title=User:Eloquence/History |url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/User:Eloquence/History |access-date=February 4, 2023 |newspaper=Wikinews |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015221058/http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/User:Eloquence/History |url-status=live}}</ref> (taas oo dambe la xiray 2026<ref>{{Cite web |last=online |first=heise |date=2026-04-08 |title=Wikimedia Foundation is shutting down news project Wikinews |url=https://www.heise.de/en/news/Wikimedia-Foundation-is-shutting-down-news-project-Wikinews-11249432.html |access-date=2026-07-20 |website=heise online |language=en |archive-date=July 6, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260706193930/https://www.heise.de/en/news/Wikimedia-Foundation-is-shutting-down-news-project-Wikinews-11249432.html |url-status=live}}</ref>), iyo [[Wikiversity]], mashruuc loogu talagalay abuurista qalab waxbarasho oo bilaash ah iyo bixinta hawlaha waxbarashada internetka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity}}</ref> Mashruuc kale oo walaal la ah Wikipedia, [[Wikispecies]], waa diiwaanka dhammaan noocyada, laakiin looma furna in dadweynuhu wax ka beddelaan.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sannadkii 2012, [[Wikivoyage]], hagaha socdaalka ee wax laga beddeli karo,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> iyo [[Wikidata]], saldhig aqooneed oo wax laga beddeli karo, ayaa la bilaabay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live}}</ref> === Guulaha iyo Taariikhda === [[File:List of Wikipedia articles by language - March 2024.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|[[Cartogram]] muujinaya tirada maqaallada ee 88-ka Wikipedia ee ugu sarreeya ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} Baaxadda goobooyinka Wikipedia-yada leh in ka yar hal milyan oo maqaallo waa mid go'an oo aan dhakhso ahayn cabbirka Wikipedia. Wikipedia-ha ugu yar ee sameeyay goynta waa Wikipedia-ga [[Haitian Creole]] oo leh 69K maqaallo.{{efn|Sida Abriil 2026, Wikipedia-ga [[Haitian Creole]], oo leh 72K maqaallo, wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta 91aad marka la kala horreeyo tirada maqaallada.}}<br> Luqadaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa gobol ahaan: <br>{{hlist|{{legend0|#002060|Northern Europe}}|{{legend0|#C00000|Southern Europe}}|{{legend0|#BF9000|Eastern Europe}}|{{legend0|#C55A11|Middle East}}|{{legend0|#548235|East Asia}}|{{legend0|#00B0F0|Indian subcontinent}}|{{legend0|#925228|Sub-Saharan Africa}}|{{legend0|#767171|Central Asia}}|{{legend0|#7030A0|Caribbean}}}} ]] Jannaayo 2007, Wikipedia waxay markii ugu horreeysay noqotay mid ka mid ah tobanka [[list of most-visited websites|website ee ugu caansan]] ee Maraykanka, sida uu qabo Comscore Networks.<ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Comscore |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Iyadoo leh 42.9 milyan oo booqde oo gaar ah, waxaa loo calaamadiyay inuu yahay kan 9aad, isagoo ka sara maray ''The New York Times'' (No. 10) iyo Apple (No. 11).<ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Tani waxay ahayd koror weyn marka loo eego Jannaayo 2006, markii Wikipedia uu kaalinta 33aad galay, oo ay la socdeen ilaa 18.3 milyan oo booqde oo gaar ah.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Perez |first=Juan Carlos |date=February 17, 2007 |title=Wikipedia Breaks Into US Top 10 Sites |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/129135/wikipedia_breaks_into_us_top_10_sites.html |magazine=PCWorld |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319204141/http://www.pcworld.com/article/129135/wikipedia_breaks_into_us_top_10_sites.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 19, 2012 |access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> Sannadkii 2014, wuxuu helayay 8 bilyan oo bog oo la eegay bishii kasta.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=March 8, 2015 |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Febraayo 9, 2014, ''The New York Times'' ayaa werisay in Wikipedia uu lahaa 18 bilyan oo [[pageview|bog oo la eegay]] iyo ku dhowaad 500 milyan oo [[unique user#Unique visitor|booqde oo gaar ah]] bishii, "sida uu qabo shirkadda qiimaynta ee comScore".<ref name="small screen">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=February 9, 2014 |title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109044012/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0 |archive-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref> {{as of|2023|March}}, wuxuu ku jiray kaalinta lixaad ee caan ah, sida uu qabo [[Similarweb]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=Similarweb |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Jeff Loveland iyo Joseph Reagle waxay ku doodayaan in, habka, Wikipedia uu raacayo dhaqan dheer oo ah ensiklabeediyeyaal taariikhiga ah oo ururiyay horumarinta gabal gabal iyada oo loo marayo "[[stigmergy|stigmergic]] accumulation".<ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{cite journal |first1=Jeff |last1=Loveland |first2=Joseph |last2=Reagle |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |s2cid=27886998 |issn=1461-4448}}</ref><ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> {{anchor|BlackoutProtest}} Jannaayo 18, 2012, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ka qayb qaadatay ololeyaal isku dubaridan oo ka dhan ahaa laba sharci oo la soo jeediyay oo ku jiray [[United States Congress]]—the [[Stop Online Piracy Act]] (SOPA) iyo [[PROTECT IP Act]] (PIPA)—iyada oo [[protests against SOPA and PIPA|bogaggeeda u xirtay madow muddo 24 saacadood ah]].<ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{cite news |last=Netburn |first=Deborah |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-protest-led-8-million-to-look-up-reps-in-congress |url-status=live |access-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114230228/https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/technology-blog/story/2012-01-19/wikipedia-sopa-protest-led-8-million-to-look-up-reps-in-congress |archive-date=November 14, 2022}}</ref> In ka badan 162 milyan oo qof ayaa eegay bogga sharaxaadda shaqo-joojinta ee ku meel gaarka ahayd ee beddeshay waxa ku jira.<ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{cite news |date=January 18, 2012 |title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585 |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227191611/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-16590585 |archive-date=December 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 22, 2018}}</ref> Jannaayo 2013, [[274301 Wikipedia]], oo ah [[asteroid]], ayaa loogu magac daray Wikipedia;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Workman |first=Robert |date=January 5, 2013 |title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia' |work=Space.com |url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html |access-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124023831/https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Oktoobar 2014, Wikipedia waxaa lagu sharfay ''[[Wikipedia Monument]]'';<ref>{{Cite news |last=Katz |first=Leslie |date=October 27, 2014 |title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure) |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/ |access-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124023828/https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/ |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo, Luulyo 2015, 106 ka mid ah 7,473 buugaagta 700-bog ee Wikipedia waxay noqdeen kuwo la heli karo sida [[Print Wikipedia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Abriil 2019, [[lunar lander]] Israa'iili ah, [[Beresheet]], ayaa ku dhacay dusha sare ee [[Moon|Dayaxa]] isagoo wata nuqul ka mid ah ku dhowaad dhammaan Wikipedia Soomaaliga oo lagu xardhay saxanno nikel dhuuban ah; khubaro waxay sheegayaan in saxannada ay u badan tahay inay ka badbaadeen shilka.<ref name="WRD-20190805">{{cite news |last=Oberhaus |first=Daniel |date=August 5, 2019 |title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224013530/https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/ |archive-date=December 24, 2022}}</ref><ref name="VOX-20190806">{{cite news |last=Resnick |first=Brian |title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun. |url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission |date=August 6, 2019 |work=Vox |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129050220/https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission |url-status=live}}</ref> Juun 2019, saynisyahannadu waxay weriyeen in dhammaan 16 GB ee qoraalka maqaalka ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga lagu codeeyay [[synthetic genomics|DNA macmal ah]].<ref name="CNET-20190629">{{cite news |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |date=June 29, 2019 |title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes. |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229022241/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022}}</ref> Jannaayo 18, 2023, Wikipedia waxay daahfurtay naqshad shabakad cusub oo la yiraahdo "[[Vector 2022]]".<ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Mashable}}</ref><ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{cite web |author=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay muujisay [[menu bar]] dib loo habeeyay, iyada oo u guurinaysa [[table of contents]] dhinaca bidix sida [[sidebar (computing)|sidebar]], iyo isbeddello badan oo ku saabsan meelaha ay ku yaalliin badhamada sida qalabka xulashada luqadda.<ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront |work=Wikimedia Foundation |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/ |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119234339/https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Cusboonaysiintu waxay markii hore heshay falcelin xun, gaar ahaan markii tifaftirayaasha [[Swahili Wikipedia]] ay si wadajir ah u codeeyeen inay celiyaan isbeddellada.<ref name="Pearl-2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Labada Sanger iyo Wales waxay bixiyeen wareysiyo dadweyne dhammaadkii 2025 ku saabsan fikradahooda ku saabsan xaaladda iyo xaaladda Wikipedia, taas oo horseeday 25 sano oo ay shaqaynaysay Janaayo 15, 2026; Wales wuxuu ka muuqday barnaamijka wararka telefishanka PBS ee GZERO World oo uu wareystay [[Ian Bremmer]]<ref>GZERO World. Ian Bremmer. "Why we still trust Wikipedia, with cofounder Jimmy Wales". Dec. 13, 2025. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUGZ7wB6D_o]</ref> iyo Sanger wuxuu ka muuqday Fox News Channel, oo uu wareystay [[Ashley Rindsberg]].<ref>"Wikipedia's co-founder on anonymous editors, why the site is biased against conservatives and how to fix it: Larry Sanger criticizes 'reliable sources' system and anonymous administrators." By Ashley Rindsberg and Nora Moriarty, Fox News, October 9, 2025. [https://www.foxnews.com/media/wikipedias-co-founder-anonymous-editors-why-site-biased-against-conservatives-how-fix]</ref> Buugga Wales ''[[The Seven Rules of Trust]]'' waxaa daabacay Oktoobar 2025 by Penguin Random House. Waxaa daabacuhu ku tilmaamay "muraayad ballaaran oo ku saabsan dhibaatada caalamiga ah ee kalsoonida iyo aqoonta" iyadoo buuggu baarayo "xeerarka kalsoonida" ee sahlaya koritaanka iyo guusha Wikipedia.<ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=Penguin Random House |language=en}}</ref> === Saamaynta AI-da soo saarta ee aragtida Wikipedia === {{Further|Artificial intelligence in Wikimedia projects}} Tan iyo Jannaayo 2024, Wikimedia Foundation waxay soo sheegtay koror qiyaastii boqolkiiba 50 ah oo ku yimid isticmaalka bandwidth ee ka yimid soo dejinta nuxurka multimedia ee mashaariicdeeda. Sida uu qabo aasaaska, kororkan waxaa inta badan sabab u ah barnaamijyada otomaatiga ah, ama "[[Web scraping|scraper]]" bots, oo ururiya xaddi badan oo xog ah oo laga helay goobaha Wikimedia si loogu isticmaalo tababarka moodooyinka luqadda waaweyn iyo codsiyada la xiriira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Oktoobar 2025, Wikimedia Foundation waxay soo sheegtay hoos u dhac lagu qiyaasay 8 boqolkiiba oo ku yimid taraafikada marka la barbar hodigo isla bishii 2024 ee aragtida dadka. Waxay ku fikireen inay muujinayso isticmaalka sii kordhaya ee [[generative AI]] iyo baraha bulshada si loo helo macluumaad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> == Tafatireynta wada-jirka ah == [[File:History Comparison Example (Vector).png|thumb|Farqiga u dhexeeya noocyada maqaalka ayaa la muujiyay.]] === Xiyaadaha === Caanbaxda sii kordheysa ee Wikipedia dartiis, inta badan daabacaadaha, haro-gelinta nooca Soomaaliga, waxay soo bandhigeen xiyaado dhanka tafatireynta ah oo loogu talagalay xaaladaha qaar. Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia Soomaaliga iyo daabacaadaha luqadaha kale oo badan, oo keliya dadka adeegsada ee leh 10 tafatireyn oo akoonkoodu uu yahay afar maalmood oo ka badan ayaa abuuri kara maqaal cusub.<ref>Wikipedia:Why create an account</ref> Wikipedia Soomaaliga dhexdeeda, iyo kuwa kale, maqaallada muranka badan ka dhasho, kuwo degan, ama kuwa u nugul burburinta waxaa loo xiyaday heerar kala duwan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hafner |first1=Katie |date=June 17, 2006 |title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212184025/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html |archive-date=December 12, 2022}}</ref> Maqaal si joogto ah loo burburiyo waxaa loo ka insecure-gareyn karaa "semi-protected" ama taas oo ka dhigan in oo keliya tafatirayaasha "autoconfirmed" ama ay beddeli karaan.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}} Maqaal si gaar ah muran badan uga jiro waxaa loo xixi karaa si oo keliya maamulayaasha ay isbeddel u sameeyaan.<ref>Wikipedia:Protection policy#Full protection</ref> Maqaal 2021 lagu daabacay Columbia Journalism Review ayaa ku dhiibatay nidaamka ilaalinta bogga ee Wikipedia inuu yahay "magaal ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan" ee gacanta ku jira si "loo maamulo suuqa fikradaha".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harrison |first1=Stephen |last2=Benjakob |first2=Omer |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better. |url=https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117150508/https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=Columbia Journalism Review}}</ref> Wikipedia waxay u igmatay hawlo ka mid ah bots. Maamulista noocaas ah waxay leedahay fududayn dhanka fulinta iyo meel-gaarsiinta ah, inkastoo diidmada otomaatigga ah ee tafatireynta ay sababi karto hoos u dhac ku yimaada tafatirayaasha hoose ee Wikipedia.<ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Ren |first1=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bots waa in ay meel-mariyaan bulshadu ka hor inta aan hawlahooda la fulin.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=36}} Xaaladaha qaar, dhammaan tafatirayaasha waxaa loo oggol yahay inay soo gudbiyaan isbeddellada, laakiin dib-u-eegis ayaa looga baahan yahay tafatirayaasha qaar, iyadoo ku xiran shuruudo dhowr ah. Tusaale ahaan, German Wikipedia waxay haysataa "noocyo la dhowray" oo maqaallada ah kuwaas oo ka soo gudbay dib-u-eegis dhowr ah.<ref name="WP some sites stable versions 1">{{cite mailing list |first=P. |last=Birken |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikide-l/2008-December/021594.html |title=Bericht Gesichtete Versionen |mailing-list=Wikide-l |date=December 14, 2008 |language=de |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=February 15, 2009 |archive-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622083323/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikide-l/2008-December/021594.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ka dib tijaabooyin muddada dheer socday iyo wada-hadallo bulshada dhexdeeda ah, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay soo bandhigtay nidaamka "pending changes" bishii Diseembar 2012.<ref name="BInsider pending changes intro 1">{{cite news |last=Henderson |first=William |date=December 10, 2012 |title=Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12 |url-status=live |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113161520/https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12 |archive-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> Nidaamkan hoos kiisa, tafatireynta dadka cusub iyo kuwa aan diiwaangashanayn ee maqaallada muranka badan ama kuwa u nugul burburinta waxaa dib-u-eegis ku samaynaya tafatirayaasha meel-maray ka hor inta aan la daabacin.<ref>{{cite news |last=Frewin |first=Jonathan |date=June 15, 2010 |title=Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing |journal=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095 |url-status=live |access-date=August 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127041149/https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095 |archive-date=November 27, 2022}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiyaadaha dhanka tafatireynta waxay dhimayaan ka qayb-galka tafatiraha iyo sidoo kale dadaallada lagu kala duwanaynayo bulshada tafatireysa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ajmani |first1=Leah |last2=Vincent |first2=Nicholas |last3=Chancellor |first3=Stevie |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=7 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1145/3610198 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915061444/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |url-status=live}}</ref> Maqaallada ku saabsan khilaafka Israa'iil iyo Falastiin waxaa la dhigaa ilaalinta ilaa heerka extended-confirmed.<ref name="Harrison-2023">{{Cite news |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |date=October 26, 2023 |title=Wikipedia Is Covering the War in Israel and Gaza Better Than X |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214194642/https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html |archive-date=December 14, 2023 |access-date=December 20, 2023 |work=Slate |issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Tafatirayaasha sidoo kale waxay sameyn karaan hal celin oo keliya maalintii dhammaan deegaannada oo dhan waana laga joojin karaa tafatireynta maqaallada la xiriira. Xiyaadahani waxaa soo bandhigay 2008.<ref name="Benjakob-2020a">{{Cite news |last=Benjakob |first=Omer |date=October 4, 2020 |title=The Second Intifada Still Rages on Wikipedia |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000 |access-date=March 6, 2024 |newspaper=Haaretz |archive-date=February 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221104831/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jannaayo 2025, Arbitration Committee waxay soo bandhigtay "balanced editing restriction", taas oo ka dalbanaysa dadka xiyaadaha la saaray inay u ku bixiyaan oo keliya meel ka mid ah saddex meelood oo ka mid ah tafatireyntooda maqaallada la xiriira khilaafka Israa'iil iyo Falastiin xataa marka aan shuruucda anshaxa la jabin.<ref name="Harrison-2025">{{cite news |last1=Harrison |first1=Stephen |author1-link=Stephen Harrison (author) |date=February 5, 2025 |title=Project 2025's Creators Want to Dox Wikipedia Editors. The Tool They're Using Is Horrifying. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2025/02/wikipedia-project-2025-heritage-foundation-doxing-editors-antisemitism.html |access-date=February 5, 2025 |work=Slate |archive-date=July 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719094759/https://slate.com/technology/2025/02/wikipedia-project-2025-heritage-foundation-doxing-editors-antisemitism.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Elia-Shalev-2025">{{Cite web |last=Elia-Shalev |first=Asaf |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Edit wars over Israel spur rare ban of 8 Wikipedia editors — from both sides |url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610091420/https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |url-status=live}}</ref> === Dib-u-eegista isbeddellada === [[File:Wikipedia editing interface.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Beddelka tafatireynta ee Wikipedia]] Inkasta oo isbeddellada aan si nidaamsan dib-u-eegis loogu sameyn, sofweerka Wikipedia wuxuu bixiyaa qalab u oggolaanaya qof kasta inuu dib-u-eegis ku sameeyo isbeddellada ay sameeyeen kuwa kale. Taariikhda maqaal kasta waxay ku xiriirtaa nooc kasta oo hore.{{efn|Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.}}<ref name="Torsten_Kleinz" /> Maqaallada intooda badan, qof kasta wuxuu eegi karaa isbeddelladii ugu dambeeyay wuxuuna ka celin karaa noocyadii dadka kale isagoo riixaya linkiyada ku jira bogga taariikhda ee maqaalka. Dadka diiwaangashan waxay haysan karaan "watchlist" oo ah maqaallada ay xiseeyaan si loogu soo diro ogeysiis ku saabsan isbeddellada. Waxaa jira kormeerro kala duwan oo ka jira Wikipedia, haro-gelinta "New pages patrol" oo ah kormeer lagu kormeero maqaallada cusub ee la abuuray si looga baxo dhibaatooyinka waaweyn. Sannadkii 2003, arday PhD ku takhasusay dhaqaalaha oo la odhan jiray Andrea Ciffolilli ayaa ku dooday in kharashka yar ee ka qayb-galka wiki uu abuuray dhiirigelin kusaabsan horumarinta wada-jirka ah, iyo in sifooyinka sida oggolaanshaha fudud ee loo helo noocyadii hore ee bogga ay ka bixiyeen "dhismaha abuurista" halkii ka ahaayeen "burburinta abuurista".<ref name="FMonday collaborative effort 1">{{cite journal |last1=Ciffolilli |first1=Andrea |title=Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia |journal=First Monday |date=December 2003 |volume=8 |issue=12 |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Burburinta == {{Main|Vandalism on Wikipedia}} Isbeddel kasta oo si kas ah u dhibaateeya daacadnimada Wikipedia waxaa loo arkaa burburin. Noocyada ugu badan ee ugu cad ee burburinta waxaa ka mid ah ku daridda aflagaadada iyo qosolka daciifka ah, laakiin waxaa kale oo ku jiri kara xayeysiis iyo noocyada kale ee spam-ka.<ref name="upenn link spamming 1">{{cite conference |last1=West |first1=Andrew G. |last2=Chang |first2=Jian |last3=Venkatasubramanian |first3=Krishna |last4=Sokolsky |first4=Oleg |last5=Lee |first5=Insup |title=Proceedings of the 8th Annual Collaboration, Electronic messaging, Anti-Abuse and Spam Conference on – CEAS '11 |chapter=Link Spamming Wikipedia for Profit |conference=8th Annual Collaboration, Electronic Messaging, Anti-Abuse, and Spam Conference |pages=152–161 |date=2011 |chapter-url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=cis_papers |doi=10.1145/2030376.2030394 |isbn=978-1-4503-0788-8 |access-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414015701/https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=cis_papers |url-status=live}}</ref> Mararka qaarkood tafatirayaashu waxay galaan burburin iyagoo tirtiraya nuxurka ama tirtiraya bogga la bixiyay gabi ahaanba. Noocyada burburinta ee aadka u yar, sida ku daridda ula kac ah ee macluumaad [[false information|been abuur ah]] oo la rumaysan karo, waxay noqon karaan kuwo adag in la ogaado. Burcaddu waxay soo gelin karaan qaabeyn aan quseyn, beddeli karaan semantikooyinka bogga sida cinwaanka bogga ama qaybinta, faragelin karaan koodka hoose ee maqaalka, ama isticmaali karaan sawirro si khalkhal leh.<ref name="WP vandalism manipulation 1" /> [[File:John Seigenthaler Sr. speaking.jpg|thumb|alt=White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.|Suxufiga Maraykanka [[John Seigenthaler]] (1927–2014), mawduuca [[Seigenthaler biography incident]]]] Burburinta cad waxaa badanaa sahlan in laga saaro maqaallada Wikipedia; waqtiga dhexe ee lagu ogaado oo lagu hagaajiyo waa dhowr daqiiqo.<ref name="MIT_IBM_study" /><ref name="CreatingDestroyingAndRestoringValue" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, burburinta qaar waxay qaadataa waqti dheer in la ogaado oo la hagaajiyo.<ref name="Seigenthaler" /> Dhacdadii [[Seigenthaler biography incident|taariikh nololeedka Seigenthaler]], tafatire aan la aqoon ayaa geliyay macluumaad beenta ah taariikh nololeedka siyaasiga Maraykanka [[John Seigenthaler]] May 2005, isagoo si been abuur ah ugu tilmaamay inuu yahay tuhmane dilkii [[assassination of John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy]].<ref name="Seigenthaler" /> Waxaa la ilaaliyay iyada oo aan la sixin muddo afar bilood ah.<ref name="Seigenthaler" /> Seigenthaler, agaasimaha tifaftirka aasaasaha ee ''USA Today'' iyo aasaasaha Xarunta Xorriyadda Hadalka ee Freedom Forum ee [[Vanderbilt University]], ayaa wacay aasaasaha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales wuxuuna waydiiyay inuu haysto waddo uu ku ogaan karo cidda ku tabarucday macluumaadka khaldan. Wales wuxuu sheegay in uusan haysan, inkastoo dembiilaha la helay dambe.<ref name="book The World is Flat 1">{{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |title=The World is Flat |year=2007 |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |isbn=978-0-374-29278-2 |page=124}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Brian |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Founder shares cautionary tale of libel in cyberspace |url=https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140311/https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |publisher=First Amendment Center}}</ref> Dhacdada ka dib, Seigenthaler wuxuu ku tilmaamay Wikipedia "qalab cilmi baaris oo cilladaysan oo aan mas'uul ahayn".<ref name="Seigenthaler" /> Dhacdadu waxay horseeday isbeddello siyaasadeed oo ka dhacay Wikipedia si loo adkeeyo xaqiijinta maqaallada taariikh nololeedka ee dadka nool.<ref>{{cite news |last=Helm |first=Burt |title=Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress" |url=https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress |newspaper=BusinessWeek |date=December 13, 2005 |access-date=July 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708062333/https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 8, 2012}}</ref> {{Clear left}} === Khilaafaadka iyo dagaalka tafatireynta === {{Main|Disputes on Wikipedia}} Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia waxay inta badan isku khilaafaan nuxurka, kuwaas oo lagaga wada hadli karo bogagga Wadahadalka ee maqaalka. Khilaafaadku waxay keeni karaan isbeddelno iska soo horjeeda oo is xigxiga oo ku saabsan maqaal, oo loo yaqaan "edit warring".<ref name="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution – Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Dispute resolution</ref><ref name="NBC WP editorial warzone 12">{{cite news |last=Coldewey |first=Devin |date=June 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113318/http://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793 |title=Wikipedia is editorial warzone, says study |department=Technology |work=NBC News |url=https://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793 |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxaa si ballaaran loo arkaa xaalad khayraadka cunta oo aan aqoon wax ku ool ah lagu darin,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kalyanasundaram |first1=Arun |last2=Wei |first2=Wei |last3=Carley |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Herbsleb |first4=James D. |title=2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) |chapter=An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached |date=December 2015 |location=Huntington Beach, CA |publisher=IEEE |pages=276–287 |doi=10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171 |isbn=978-1-4673-9743-8 |s2cid=9353425}}</ref> waxaana loo dhaleeceeyay inay abuurayso dhaqan tafatireed oo tartame ah<ref>{{cite book |last1=Suh |first1=Bongwon |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |chapter=The singularity is not near |date=2009 |pages=1–10 |location=Orlando, FL |publisher=ACM Press |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> iyo ku salaysan khilaaf oo la xiriira doorarka [[gender role|jinsiga]] ragga ee dhaqanka ah.<ref>{{cite news |last=Torres |first=Nicole |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia? |work=Harvard Business Review |url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia |access-date=August 20, 2019 |issn=0017-8012 |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617014645/https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bear |first1=Julia B. |last2=Collier |first2=Benjamin |date=March 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia? Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625}}</ref> Cilmi-baaristu waxay diiradda saartay, tusaale ahaan, ixtiraam la'aanta khilaafaadka,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khazraie |first1=Marzieh |last2=Talebzadeh |first2=Hossein |date=February 7, 2020 |title="Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=163 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914115833/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smirnov |first1=Ivan |last2=Oprea |first2=Camelia |last3=Strohmaier |first3=Markus |date=December 1, 2023 |editor-last=Ognyanova |editor-first=Katherine |title=Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia |url=https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |journal=PNAS Nexus |volume=2 |issue=12 |article-number=pgad385 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 |doi-access=free |issn=2752-6542 |pmc=10697426 |pmid=38059265 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101400/https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |url-status=live}}</ref> saamaynta xeryaha tafatirka ee tartamaya,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lerner |first1=Jürgen |last2=Lomi |first2=Alessandro |date=December 21, 2020 |title=The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |journal=Social Networks |volume=60 |pages=11–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126001010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morris-O'Connor |first1=Danielle A. |last2=Strotmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Zhao |first3=Dangzhi |date=April 4, 2023 |title=The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=784–810 |doi=10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090 |issn=0022-0418 |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020151300/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |url-status=live}}</ref> qaab-dhismeedka wadahadalka,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ziembowicz |first1=Karolina |last2=Roszczyńska-Kurasińska |first2=Magdalena |last3=Rychwalska |first3=Agnieszka |last4=Nowak |first4=Andrzej |date=October 3, 2022 |title=Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=25 |issue=13 |pages=1987–2005 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |issn=1369-118X |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091334/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo isbeddelka khilaafaadka ee diiradda saaraya ilaha.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chhabra |first1=Anamika |last2=Kaur |first2=Rishemjit |last3=Iyengar |first3=S. R.S. |chapter=Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia |date=August 25, 2020 |title=Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |publisher=ACM |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/3412569.3412585 |isbn=978-1-4503-8779-8 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052238/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last1=Ruprechter |first1=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=61 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Taha Yasseri]] oo ka tirsan [[University of Oxford]] ayaa baaray khilaafaadka tafatirka iyo xallintooda darteed daraasad la sameeyay 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=July 17, 2013 |title=Edit Wars Reveal The 10 Most Controversial Topics on Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/07/17/177320/edit-wars-reveal-the-10-most-controversial-topics-on-wikipedia/ |magazine=MIT Technology Review |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |access-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-date=June 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616191250/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/07/17/177320/edit-wars-reveal-the-10-most-controversial-topics-on-wikipedia/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Yasseri-2014">{{cite book |last1=Yasseri |first1=Taha |title=The Most Controversial Topics in Wikipedia: A Multilingual and Geographical Analysis |last2=Spoerri |first2=Anselm |last3=Graham |first3=Mark |last4=Kertész |first4=János |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2014 |editor1=Fichman, P. |doi=10.2139/SSRN.2269392 |ssrn=2269392 |author1-link=Taha Yasseri |author4-link=János Kertész |editor2=Hara, N. |arxiv=1305.5566 |s2cid=12133330}}</ref> Yasseri wuxuu ku dooday in celinta fudud ama hawlaha "undo" aysan ahayn cabbirka ugu muhiimsan ee [[counterproductive work behavior|dhaqanka shaqada ee waxyeelada leh]] ee ka jira Wikipedia. Wuxuu halkaas ku tiirsanaaday "mutually reverting edit pairs", halkaas oo hal tafatire uu celiyo tafatirka tafatire kale oo markaas, isagoo is xigxiga, soo noqda si uu u celiyo tafatiraha ugu horreeya. Natiijooyinka waxaa loo tabeeyay noocyada luqadaha dhowr ah ee Wikipedia. Seddexda heer ee khilaafka ugu weyn Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ahaayeen maqaallada [[George W. Bush]], [[anarchism]], iyo [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Marka la barbar dhigo, Jarmalka Wikipedia, saddexda heer ee khilaafka ugu weyn xilligii daraasadda waxay ahaayeen maqaallada daboolaya [[Croatia]], [[Scientology]], iyo [[9/11 conspiracy theories|aragtida shirqoolka 9/11]].<ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Sannadkii 2020, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay aqoonsadeen cabbirro kale oo ah dhaqamada tafatiraha, marka laga reebo celinta labada dhinac, si loo aqoonsado khilaafaadka tafatirka ee ka jira Wikipedia.<ref name="Ruprechter"/> Tafatirayaashu sidoo kale waxay kala dooda [[deletion of articles on Wikipedia|tirtiridda maqaallada Wikipedia]], iyadoo ay jiraan ku dhowaad 500,000 oo doodow oo sidan oo kale ah ilaa aasaaskii Wikipedia ilaa 2019. Marka maqaal loo sharraxo tirtirid, khilaafka waxaa badanaa lagu go'aamiyaa codaynta bilowga ah (ee lagu haynayo aŭ lagu tirtirayo) iyo iyadoo tixraac loo samaynayo siyaasadaha la xiriira mowduuca ee gaarka ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mayfield |first1=Elijah |last2=Black |first2=Alan W. |date=November 7, 2019 |title=Analyzing Wikipedia Deletion Debates with a Group Decision-Making Forecast Model |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=3 |issue=CSCW |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1145/3359308 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915025504/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |url-status=live}}</ref> == <span class="anchor" id="Rules and laws governing content and editor behavior"></span><span class="anchor" id="Rules and laws governing content"></span><span class="anchor" id="Censorship"></span> Siyaasadaha iyo Nuxurka == {{self-reference|"Five pillars of Wikipedia" redirects here. For the Wikipedia policy, see [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]].}} {{External media|width = 220px|float = right|headerimage = [[File:Jimbo at Fosdem cropped.jpg|210px|alt=photograph]]|video1 = [https://www.ted.com/talks/jimmy_wales_the_birth_of_wikipedia?language=en Jimmy Wales], The Birth of Wikipedia, 2006, [[TED talk]]s, 20 minutes|video2 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gsj0EEE3I Katherine Maher], What Wikipedia Teaches Us About Balancing Truth and Beliefs, 2022, [[TED talk]]s, 15 minutes}} Wikipedia waxay ka kooban tahay 11 [[namespace|magac-meelood]] oo kala duwan,{{Update inline|date=August 2026|reason=WP:Namespace claims that "Wikipedia has 30 current namespaces". This is far more than 11.}} iyadoo maqaalladeedu ay ku sugan yihiin ''mainspace''. Magac-meelaha kale waxay leeyihiin horgale ka hor cinwaankooda bogga waxayna gutaan ujeeddooyin kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, magac-meesha mashruucu waxay isticmaashaa horgalaha ''Wikipedia'' waxaana loo isticmaalaa wadahadallada la xiriira is-maamulka. Akhrisayaasha badankood ma ogola magac-meelahan kale.<ref>{{cite book|author=McDowell, Zackary I.|author2=Vetter, Matthew A.|title=Wikipedia and Education|year=2022|page=3}}</ref> Mabaadi'da aas-aasiga ah ee bulshada Wikipedia waxaa laga helaa "Shanta Tiir", halka mabaadi'da tafatirka ee faahfaahsan lagu muujiyay siyaasado iyo tilmaamo tiro badan oo loogu talagalay in si habboon loo qaabeeyo nuxurka.<ref>Wikipedia:Five pillars</ref> Shanta tiir waxay kala yihiin: * Wikipedia waa ensiklabeediyo * Wikipedia waxaa laga qoraa aragti dhexdhexaad ah * Wikipedia waa nuxur bilaash ah oo qof kasta uu isticmaali karo, wax ka beddeli karo, oo u qaybin karo * Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia waa inay si wanaagsan oo xushmad leh ula dhaqmaan midba midka kale * Wikipedia ma laha sharciyo adag Sharciyada ay dhistay bulshada waxaa lagu kaydiyaa magac-meesha Wikipedia, tafatirayaasha Wikipedia-na waxay qoraan oo dib u eegaan siyaasadaha iyo tilmaamaha shabakadda iyadoo la waafajinayo isku-afgaradka bulshada.<ref name="pcworld who's behind WP">{{cite web |last=Hendry |first=Andrew |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Who's behind Wikipedia? |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1866322157;fp;2;fpid;2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209110303/https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id%3B1866322157%3Bfp%3B2%3Bfpid%3B2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 9, 2008 |access-date=February 7, 2008 |website=PC World |page=2}}</ref> Asal ahaan, sharciyada ku saabsan noocyada aan Soomaaliga ahayn ee Wikipedia waxay ku saleysan yihiin turjumaadda sharciyada Wikipedia Soomaaliga. Tan iyo markaas way kala tageen ilaa xad.<ref name="WP some sites stable versions 1" /> === Siyaasadaha nuxurka iyo tilmaamaha === {{Self-reference|"No original research" redirects here. For the Wikipedia policy, see [[Wikipedia:No original research]].}} Sida uu qabo sharciga bulshada Wikipedia Soomaaliga, gelitaan kasta oo Wikipedia ku jira waa inuu ku saabsan yahay mowduuc ah [[wikt:encyclopedic|ensiklabeediyo]] oo aan ahayn gelitaan qaamuus ama qaab qaamuus ah.<ref name=":5">Wikipedia:Citing sources: "Wikipedia's verifiability policy requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations, anywhere in article space."</ref> Mowduucu sidoo kale waa inuu buuxiyo [[notability in the Somali Wikipedia|heerarka "caannimada" ee Wikipedia]], taas oo badanaa la macne ah in mowduuucu si ballaaran looga hadlay ilo lagu kalsoon yahay oo madaxbannaan mowduuca maqaalka.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}} Wikipedia waxay rabtaa inay gudbiso kaliya aqoonta horay u jirtay oo la aqoonsaday sidaas darteed waa inaysan soo bandhigin cilmi-baaris asal ah.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=32}} Mowduucyada qaar, sida siyaasiyiinta iyo aqoonyahannada, waxay leeyihiin shuruudo caannimo oo gaar ah.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}} Ugu dambeyn, Wikipedia waa inaysan ka muuqan aragti dhexdhexaad ah. Tani waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la soo koobayo ilaha lagu kalsoon yahay, la adeegsanayo luqad aan eex lahayn, iyo hubinta in aragtiyo badan la soo bandhigo iyadoo lagu saleynayo muhiimadooda. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waa in la xaqiijin karaa.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=5-7}} Macluumaadka aan lahayn tixraacyo waxaa loo [[citation needed (Wikipedia)|calaamadayn karaa]] ama laga saari karaa gebi ahaanba.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=33}} Tani mararka qaarkood waxay horseedi kartaa in meesha laga saaro macluumaad sax ah, inkasta oo ay sax tahay, haddana si habboon loo soo xigan.<ref name="IHT WP valid info wrong removable 1">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=August 9, 2011 |title=For inclusive mission, Wikipedia is told that written word goes only so far |page=18 |newspaper=International Herald Tribune}}</ref> Markii siyaasadaha Wikipedia ay is beddeleen waqti ka dib, oo ay noqdeen kuwo aad u adag, tiradoodu waa ay korodhay. Sannadkii 2008, waxaa jiray 44 bog oo siyaasadeed iyo 248 bog oo tilmaame ah; illaa 2013, culimadu waxay tiriyeen 383 bog oo siyaasadeed iyo 449 bog oo tilmaame ah.<ref name="Ren-2024"/> == Maamulka == {{Further|Wikipedia:Administration|selfref=yes}} Anshax-xumadii hore ee Wikipedia waxay ku dartay dimuqraadiyad iyo cunsurro [[hierarchy|darajeyn ah]] waqti ka dib.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanger |first1=Larry |author-link=Larry Sanger |date=April 18, 2005 |title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir |url=https://features.slashdot.org/story/05/04/18/164213/the-early-history-of-nupedia-and-wikipedia-a-memoir |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=Slashdot |archive-date=May 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525051304/http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kostakis |first1=Vasilis |title=Identifying and understanding the problems of Wikipedia's peer governance: The case of inclusionists versus deletionists |issue=3 |url=https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2613/2479 |journal=First Monday |volume=15 |date=March 2010 |access-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310125049/https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2613/2479 |url-status=live}}</ref> Maqaalka looma tixgeliyo inuu leebahay abuuraha ama tafatire kale, mana laha qofka maqaalku ku saabsan yahay.<ref>Wikipedia:Ownership of content: "No one "owns" content (including articles or any page at Wikipedia)."</ref> Tafatirayaasha ku jira xaalad wanaagsan ee bulshada dhexdeeda waxay codsan karaan xuquuqaha isticmaale ee dheeraadka ah, iyaga oo siinaya awoodda farsamo ee ay ku fulinayaan falal gaar ah oo la cayimay. Xuquuqaha isticmaale ee qaar waxaa lagu bixiyaa si otomaatig ah, sida kooxaha ''autoconfirmed'' marka heerarka da'da akoonka iyo tafatirka la buuxiyo.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}} === Maamulayaasha === {{Main|Wikipedia:Maamulayaasha}} Tafatirayaasha khibradda leh waxay dooran karaan inay u tartamaan [[administrators (Wikipedia)|maamulnimo]],<ref name="David_Mehegan" /> taas oo ay ku jirto awoodda ay u tirtirayaan bogagga ama ay uga hortagayaan in la beddelo haddii ay dhacaan burburin daran ama khilaafaad tafatireed.<ref name=":6">Wikipedia:Administrators</ref> Maamulayaasha looma arko inay ku raaxaystaan ​​wax mudnaan ah oo gaar ah go'aan-qaadashada; halkaas waxaa ah, awooddoodu waxay inta badan ku kooban tahay samaynta isbeddellada saamaynta mashruuca oo dhan leh sidaas darteedna aan loo oggolayn tafatirayaasha caadiga ah, iyo in la fuliyo xiyaadaha loogu talagalay in looga hortago tafatirayaasha khalkhalinaya inay sameeyaan tafatir aan faa'iido lahayn.<ref name=":6" /> Ilaa 2012, tafatirayaal yar ayaa noqonayay maamulayaageeda marka la barbar dhigo sannadihii hore ee Wikipedia, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah habka baaritaanka maamulayaasha suurtagalka ah uu noqday mid adag.<ref name="Meyer-2012"/> Sannadkii 2022, waxaa jirtay codsi si gaar ah muran u dhaliyay oo ku saabsan maamulnimo kaas oo ku saabsanaa aragtiyaha ka dhanka ah Trump ee murashaxa; ugu dambeyntii, waxaa la siiyay maamulnimo.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harrison |first1=Stephen |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Inside Wikipedia's Historic, Fiercely Contested "Election" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=Slate |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824123521/https://slate.com/technology/2022/06/wikipedia-administrator-election-tamzin.html |url-status=live}}</ref> === Xallinta khilaafaadka === {{Redirect|!vote|the entry in Wikipedia's internal glossary|Wikipedia:Glossary#!vote|the internal essay|Wikipedia:Polling is not a substitute for discussion|selfref=yes}} Waqti ka dib, Wikipedia waxay horumarisay nidaam yar oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay xallinta khilaafaadka. Si loo go'aamiyo isku-afgaradka bulshada, tafatirayaashu waxay arrimaha ka alifi karaan fagaarayaasha bulshada ee habboon, iyagoo raadinaya fikirka u gaarka ah dhinac saddexaad codsiyada ku saabsan, ama waxay bilaabi karaan wadahadal bulsho oo guud oo loo yaqaan "request for comment",<ref name="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution – Wikipedia" /> halkaas oo bots-ku ay ku darayaan wadahadalka lisi dhexe ee wadahadallada, iyagoo ku weydiinaya tafatirayaasha inay ka qayb qaataan, ka dibna ka saaraya wadahadalka lisi-ga 30 maalmood ka dib.<ref>Wikipedia:Requests for comment</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tafatirayaashu waxay leeyihiin awoodda ay ku xiraaan (oo ay ka saaraan lisi-ga) wadahadalka xilli hore ama xilli dambe. Haddii natiijada wadahadalku aysan ahayn mid cad, qof xira—oo ah tafatire aan qayb ka ahayn oo badanaa ku jira xaalad wanaagsan—ayaa laga yaabaa inuu soo saaro go'aan ku baxa awoodda doodaha lagu soo bandhigay ka dibna tirada dadka doodaya ee dhinac kasta.<ref name="Bandler-2024">{{Citation |last=Bandler |first=Aaron |date=June 21, 2024 |title=Wikipedia Editors Label ADL Only Reliable for Antisemitism When 'Israel and Zionism Are Not Concerned' |url=https://jewishjournal.com/news/united-states/372532/wikipedia-editors-label-adl-only-reliable-for-antisemitism-when-israel-and-zionism-are-not-concerned/ |access-date=May 3, 2025 |website=Jewish Journal |archive-date=June 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622020506/https://jewishjournal.com/news/united-states/372532/wikipedia-editors-label-adl-only-reliable-for-antisemitism-when-israel-and-zionism-are-not-concerned/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Wikipedians waxay ku adkeeyaan in nidaamku uusan ahayn codayn iyagoo tixraacaya bayaannada aragtida ee wadahadalladaas sida "!vote"s, halkaas oo calaamadda qaylada ay tahay calaamadda diidmada caqli-gal ka ah oo loo dhaho "not".<ref>{{Citation |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |title=Wikipedia's War on the Daily Mail |date=July 1, 2021 |work=Slate |url=https://slate.com/technology/2021/07/wikipedia-daily-mail-generally-unreliable.html |access-date=May 13, 2025 |issn=1091-2339 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701131014/https://slate.com/technology/2021/07/wikipedia-daily-mail-generally-unreliable.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Wikipedia waxay ku dhiirrigelisaa xallinta deegaanka ee khilaafaadka, kuwaas oo Jemielniak uu ku dooday inuu yahay mid si gaar ah u gaar ah daraasaadka ururrada, inkastoo ay jirtay xoogaa xiso dhowaan ah oo ku saabsan dhisidda isku afgaradka ee sahanka dhexdiisa.<ref name="Jemielniak" /> Reagle iyo Sue Gardner waxay ku doodeen in hababka dhisidda isku-afgaradka ay u dhow yihiin kuwa ay isticmaalaan Quakers.<ref name="Jemielniak" />{{Rp|page=62}} Farqiga ka mid ah kulammada Quaker waa inaysan jirin facilitator inta lagu jiro isku-dhaafsiga aragtida, door uu ka qaato karraaniga kulammada Quaker.<ref name="Jemielniak" />{{Rp|page=83}} ==== Guddiga Garsoorka ==== Guddiga Garsoorku wuxuu guddoomiyaa nidaamka ugu dambeeya ee xallinta khilaafaadka. Inkastoo khilaafaadku badanaa ka dhashaan isku dhaafsiga laba aragti oo iska soo horjeeda oo ku saabsan sida maqaal loo akhrin lahaa, Guddiga Garsoorku wuxuu si cad u diidaa inuu si toos ah u go'aamiyo aragtida gaarka ah ee waa in la qaataa.<ref name="Hoffman-2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffman |first1=David A. |last2=Mehra |first2=Salil K. |date=March 5, 2009 |title=Wikitruth Through Wikiorder |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol59/iss1/3/ |journal=Emory Law Journal |volume=59 |issue=1 |ssrn=1354424 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |access-date=November 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613214656/https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol59/iss1/3/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Cilmi-baaris tiro ah waxay soo jeedinaysaa in guddiga Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu ka tagayo nuxurka khilaafaadka wuxuuna diiradda saaraa sida khilaafaadka loo maamulo,<ref name="emory_p_181" /> isagoo isomeric ah oo aan u shaqaynayn si uu u xalliyo khilaafaadka oo uu nabad ugu dhex dhigo tafatirayaasha isku khilaafsan, laakiin si uu ka saaro tafatirayaasha dhibaatada ka dhex wada iyadoo loo oggolaynayo tafatirayaasha waxtarka leh inay dib u soo galaan si ay ka qayb qaataan.<ref name="Hoffman-2009" /> Sidaas darteed, guddigu ma amro nuxurka maqaallada, inkastoo uu mararka qaarkood cambaareeyo isbeddellada nuxurka marka uu u arko in nuxurka cusubi uu jabinayo siyaasadaha Wikipedia (tusaale ahaan, haddii nuxurka cusub loo arko inuu yahay mid eex leh).{{efn|Guddigu wuxuu si toos ah u go'aamin karaa in isbeddelka nuxurku yahay mid aan habboonayn, laakiin ma go'aamin karo si toos ah in nuxur gaar ah uu yahay mid aan habboonayn.}} Xallinta inta badan la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah digniinaha iyo tijaabooyinka (lagu isticmaalo 63% xaaladaha) iyo ka banaynaya tafatirayaasha maqaallada (43%), mowduucyada (23%), ama Wikipedia (16%).<ref name="Hoffman-2009" /> Banaynta dhameystiran ee Wikipedia waxay badanaa ku kooban tahay xaaladaha [[impersonator|iska dhigista]] iyo [[anti-social behavior|dhaqanka ka dhan ah bulshada]].<ref>Wikipedia:Banning policy</ref> Marka dhaqanku uusan ahayn iska dhigis ama dhaqan ka dhan ah bulshada, laakiin uu yahay dagaal tafatireed iyo jebinta kale ee siyaasadaha tafatirka, xallintu waxay u badatay in lagu koobo digniino.<ref name="Hoffman-2009" /> == Bulshada == [[File:Wikimania - the Wikimentary.webm|thumb|start=00:04|thumbtime=00:16|Muqaalka Wikimania 2005 {{snd}}shir sannadle ah oo loogu talagalay dadka isticmaala Wikipedia iyo mashaariicda kale ee ay maamusho [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ayaa lagu qhelday Frankfurt am Main, Jarmalka, Ogost 4–8.]] Maqaal kasta iyo adeegsade kasta oo Wikipedia ku jira wuxuu leeyahay bog "wadahadal" oo la xiriira oo u dedicated ah. Kuwani waxay samaynayaan jidka koowaad ee isgaarsiinta ee tafatirayaasha si ay uga wadahadlaan, u isku dubaridaan, oo ay u doodaan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wikipedia_coordination_final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205111038/https://www.research.ibm.com/visual/papers/wikipedia_coordination_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 5, 2007 |first1=Fernanda B. |last1=Viégas |first2=Martin M. |last2=Wattenberg |first3=Jesse |last3=Kriss |first4=Frank |last4=van Ham |title=Talk Before You Type: Coordination in Wikipedia |publisher=Visual Communication Lab, IBM Research |date=January 3, 2007 |access-date=June 27, 2008 |author2-link=Martin M. Wattenberg |author-link=Fernanda B. Viégas}}</ref> Bulshada Wikipedia waxaa loo tilmaamay inay u dhow tahay [[cult|koox caabudaad ah]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/dec/15/wikipedia.web20 |title=Log on and join in, but beware the web cults |first=Charles |last=Arthur |date=December 15, 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-date=September 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920191515/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/dec/15/wikipedia.web20 |url-status=live}}</ref> inkastoo aysan mar walba lahayn macno dhan kasta oo xun.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/08/03/wikipedia/index.html |title=Wikipedia: The know-it-all Web site |first=Kristie |last=Lu Stout |publisher=CNN |date=August 4, 2003 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218013300/http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/08/03/wikipedia/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Doorbidida ay u leedahay isku-duubnida, xataa haddii ay u baahan tahay tanaasul oo ay ku jiraan in aan loo eegin [[credential|shahaadooyinka]], waxaa loo tilmaamay inay tahay "[[anti-elitism]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism |url=https://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25 |website=Kuro5hin, Op–Ed |first=Larry |last=Sanger |date=December 31, 2004 |quote=There is a certain mindset associated with unmoderated Usenet groups [...] that infects the collectively-managed Wikipedia project: if you react strongly to trolling, that reflects poorly on you, not (necessarily) on the troll. If you [...] demand that something be done about constant disruption by trollish behavior, the other listmembers will cry "censorship", attack you, and even come to the defense of the troll. [...] The root problem: anti-elitism, or lack of respect for expertise. There is a deeper problem [...] which explains both of the above-elaborated problems. Namely, as a community, Wikipedia lacks the habit or tradition of respect for expertise. As a community, far from being elitist, it is anti-elitist (which, in this context, means that expertise is not accorded any special respect, and snubs and disrespect of expertise are tolerated). This is one of my failures: a policy that I attempted to institute in Wikipedia's first year, but for which I did not muster adequate support, was the policy of respecting and deferring politely to experts. (Those who were there will, I hope, remember that I tried very hard.) |author-link=Larry Sanger |access-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101011352/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Editing Hoxne Hoard at the British Museum.ogv|thumb|right|Wikipedians iyo curiyeyaasha [[British Museum]] oo ka wada shaqaynaya maqaalka [[Hoxne Hoard]] bishii Juun 2010.]] Wikipedia ma u baahna in tafatirayaasheeda iyo kuwa ku tabarucaa ay bixiyaan aqoonsi.<ref name="user identification" /> Markii Wikipedia ay korotay, "Cidna baa qorta Wikipedia?" waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah su'aalaha inta badan halkaas lagu weydiiyo.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Power of the Few vs. Wisdom of the Crowd: Wikipedia and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie |title=CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |publisher=Viktoria Institute |first=Aniket |last=Kittur |year=2007}}</ref> [[Jimmy Wales]] wuxuu mar ku dooday in oo kaliya "bulsho... koox u go'an oo dhowr boqol oo mutadawiciin ah" ay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee tabarucaadka Wikipedia iyo in mashruucu sidaas darteed uu yahay "sida urur kasta oo dhaqan ah".<ref name="blodget">{{cite news |last=Blodget |first=Henry |date=January 3, 2009 |title=Who The Hell Writes Wikipedia, Anyway? |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/2009/1/who-the-hell-writes-wikipedia-anyway |access-date=January 26, 2023 |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://www.businessinsider.com/2009/1/who-the-hell-writes-wikipedia-anyway |url-status=live}}</ref> Maadaama Wikipedia ay ku tiirsan tahay shaqada mutadawiciinta, tafatirayaashu waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan mowduucyada iyaga danaynaya.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=61–62}} {{anchor|Decline in participation since 2007}} Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay leedahay {{self-reference link|Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}}} maqaallada, {{self-reference link|Special:ListUsers|{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}}} tafatirayaasha diiwaangashan, iyo {{self-reference link|Special:ActiveUsers|{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}}} tafatirayaasha firfircoon. Tafatire waxaa loo arkaa inuu firfircoon yahay haddii uu sameeyay hal ama ka badan oo tafatireyn ah 30-kii maalmood ee la soo dhaafay.<ref>Wikipedia:Wikipedians</ref> Tafatirayaasha amarka u weoleeya caadooyinka dhaqanka Wikipedia, sida saxiixida faallooyinka bogga wadahadalka, waxay si dadban u muujin karaan inay yihiin dad ka baxsan Wikipedia, iyagoo kordhinaya fursadaha ay dadka gudaha Wikipedia ku bartean karaan ama ku hoos u dhigi karaan tabarucaadkooda. Noqoshada mid ka mid ah dadka gudaha Wikipedia waxay leedahay kharashyo waaweyn: ka qaybqaataha waxaa laga filayaa inuu barto koodhadhka teknoolajiyada u gaarka ah Wikipedia, uu u hogaansamo nidaamka xallinta khilaafaadka oo mararka qaarkood adag, oo uu barto "dhaqan jahwareer leh oo hodan ku ah kaftanka gudaha iyo tixraacyada dadka gudaha".<ref name="labor squeeze on WP 1" /> Tafatirayaasha aan gelin akoonkooda waxay ka yihiin mid ka mid ah macnayaasha "[[second-class citizen|muwaadiniinta heerka labaad]]" ee Wikipedia,<ref name="labor squeeze on WP 1">{{cite journal |author-last1=Goldman |author-first1=Eric |year=2010 |title=Wikipedia's Labor Squeeze and its Consequences |url=https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/5/ |journal=Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law |volume=8 |via=Santa Clara Law Digital Commons |access-date=January 26, 2023 |archive-date=January 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126220032/https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs/5/ |url-status=live}}</ref> maadaama "ka qaybgalayaasha ay aqoonsadaan xubnaha bulshada wiki, kuwaas oo leh dan u gaar ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta tayada waxsoosaarka shaqada, iyagoo ku salaynaya ka qaybqaatkooda joogtada ah",<ref name="legal edu and WP 1">{{cite journal |author-last1=Noveck |author-first1=Beth Simone |date=March 2007 |title=Wikipedia and the Future of Legal Education |journal=Journal of Legal Education |publisher=Association of American Law Schools |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |jstor=42894005}}</ref> laakiin taariikhaha tabarucaadka ee tafatirayaasha aan la aqoon ee aan diiwaangashanayn oo kaliya lagu aqoonsado [[IP address|ciwaannadooda IP-ga]] looma tiirin karo tafatire gaar ah si intaa ka badan leh. Tafatirayaasha cusubi waxay inta badan ku dhibtoodaan inay fahmaan adkaanta Wikipedia. Tafatirayaasha khibradda leh waxaa lagu dhiirrigeliyaa inaysan "qanin" dadka cusub si loo abuuro jawi soo dhoweyn leh.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=10–11}} === Cilmi-baaris === Daraasad 2007 ah oo ay sameeyeen cilmi-baarayaal ka tirsan [[Dartmouth College]] ayaa ka heshay in "dadka aan la aqoon iyo kuwa dhif ah ee ku tabaruca Wikipedia... ay yihiin il aqooneed oo lagu kalsoonaan karo sida kuwa tabarucayaasha ah ee diiwaangashan shabakadda".<ref name="sciam good samaritans 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=good-samaritans-are-on-the-money |title=Wikipedia "Good Samaritans" Are on the Money |work=Scientific American |date=October 19, 2007 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132453/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/good-samaritans-are-on-the-money/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jimmy Wales]] wuxuu yiri 2009 in "[I]t turns out over 50% of all the edits are done by just 0.7% of the users... 524 people... And in fact, the most active 2%, which is 1400 people, have done 73.4% of all the edits."<ref name="blodget" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tifaftiraha ''Business Insider'' iyo suxufi [[Henry Blodget]] ayaa muujiyay 2009 in muunad aan la dooran oo maqaallada ah, nuxurka inta badan ee Wikipedia (oo lagu cabbiro tirada qoraalka ku tabarucay ee ka badbaaday tafatirkii ugu dambeeyay ee muunadda) waxaa abuuray "dadka ka baxsan", halka tafatireynta iyo qaabeynta inta badan ay sameeyeen "dadka gudaha".<ref name="blodget" /> Sannadkii 2008, maqaal magasiinka ''Slate'' lagu daabacay ayaa weriyay in "hal boqolkiiba dadka isticmaala Wikipedia ay mas'uul ka yihiin qiyaastii helf ka mid ah tafatireynta shabakadda."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.slate.com/id/2184487 |title=The Wisdom of the Chaperones |date=February 22, 2008 |first=Chris |last=Wilson |work=Slate |access-date=August 13, 2014 |archive-date=September 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905050231/http://www.slate.com/id/2184487 |url-status=live}}</ref> Habkan lagu tathireeyo tabarucaadka waxaa dambe ku murmay [[Aaron Swartz]], oo xusay in dhowr maqaal oo uu muunad ka qaatay ay lahaayeen qaybo waaweyn oo nuxurkooda ah (oo lagu cabbiro tirada xarfaha) oo ay ku tabaruceen dadka leh tirada tafatirka ee hooseysa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/whowriteswikipedia |title=Raw Thought: Who Writes Wikipedia? |first=Aaron |last=Swartz |date=September 4, 2006 |access-date=February 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803134036/https://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/whowriteswikipedia |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 3, 2014}}</ref> Daraasad 2008 ah ayaa ka heshay in Wikipedians ay ahaayeen kuwo yar oo heshiis ah, furan, oo damshiir leh marka loo eego kuwa kale,<ref name="liebertonline view on WP users 1">{{cite journal |last1=Amichai-Hamburger |first1=Yair |last2=Lamdan |first2=Naama |last3=Madiel |first3=Rinat |last4=Hayat |first4=Tsahi |year=2008 |title=Personality Characteristics of Wikipedia Members |journal=CyberPsychology & Behavior |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=679–681 |doi=10.1089/cpb.2007.0225 |pmid=18954273}}</ref> inkastoo faallo dambe ay muujisay cillado waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan in xogtu ay muujisay furfurnaan sare iyo in farqiga u dhexeeya kooxda kantaroolka iyo muunaduhu uu ahaa mid yar.<ref>{{cite web |last=McGreal |first=Scott A. |date=March 11, 2013 |title=The Misunderstood Personality Profile of Wikipedia Members |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/unique-everybody-else/201303/the-misunderstood-personality-profile-wikipedia-members |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Psychology Today |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716155007/https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/unique-everybody-else/201303/the-misunderstood-personality-profile-wikipedia-members |url-status=live}}</ref> Sida ay sheegtay daraasad 2009 ah, waxaa jira "marag ka mid ah iska-caabinta sii kordheysa ee ka timaada bulshada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan nuxurka cusub".<ref name="newscientist WP boom to bust 1">{{cite web |last=Giles |first=Jim |title=After the boom, is Wikipedia heading for bust? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17554-after-the-boom-is-wikipedia-heading-for-bust.html |website=New Scientist |date=August 4, 2009 |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-date=April 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421215605/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17554-after-the-boom-is-wikipedia-heading-for-bust.html |url-status=live}}</ref> === Kala duwanaanshaha === Dhowr daraasadood ayaa muujiyay in inta badan mutadawiciinta ku tabaruca Wikipedia ay yihiin rag. Natiijooyinka sahankii [[Wikimedia Foundation]] ee 2008 ayaa muujiyay in oo kaliya 13 boqolkiiba tafatirayaasha Wikipedia ay ahaayeen dumar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |title=Define Gender Gap? Look Up Wikipedia's Contributor List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/business/media/31link.html?_r=0 |work=The New York Times |date=January 31, 2011 |access-date=October 28, 2013 |archive-date=October 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006065114/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/31/business/media/31link.html?_r=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tani dhiaddeed, jaamacadaha inta badan Maraykanka waxay isku dayeen inay ku dhiirrigeliyaan dumarka inay noqdaan kuwo ku tabaruca Wikipedia.<ref name="CBC News-2013" /> Sidoo kale, inta badan jaamacadahan, oo ay ku jiraan [[Yale University|Yale]] iyo [[Brown University|Brown]], waxay siiyeen dhibco kulliyadeed ardayda abuura ama tafatira maqaal la xiriira dumarka sayniska ama teknoolajiyada.<ref name="CBC News-2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ocad-to-storm-wikipedia-this-fall-1.1412807 |title=OCAD to 'Storm Wikipedia' this fall |work=CBC News |date=August 27, 2013 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826144108/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ocad-to-storm-wikipedia-this-fall-1.1412807 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Andrew Lih]], oo ah borofesoor iyo saynisyahan, wuxuu yiri sababta uu u moodayay in tirada ragga ku tabaruca ay aad uga badan tahay tirada dumarka waxay ahayd sababtoo ah u aqoonsiga mulkiile ahaan haweenay waxay u soo bandhigi kartaa qofka "dhaqan fool un oo cabsida leh".<ref name="Bloomberg 2016">{{cite news |last1=Kessenides |first1=Dimitra |last2=Chafkin |first2=Max |date=December 22, 2016 |title=Is Wikipedia Woke? |newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-12-22/how-woke-is-wikipedia-s-editorial-pool? |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415182515/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2016-12-22/how-woke-is-wikipedia-s-editorial-pool |url-status=live}}</ref> Xogtu waxay muujisay in dadka Afrikaanka ah ay yihiin kuwo si yar loo ku muujiyay tafatirayaasha Wikipedia dhexdeeda.<ref name="memeb">{{cite web |last=Walker |first=Andy |date=June 21, 2018 |title=The startling numbers behind Africa's Wikipedia knowledge gaps |url=https://memeburn.com/2018/06/wikipedia-wikimania-africa-numbers/ |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=memeburn |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319170357/http://memeburn.com/2018/06/wikipedia-wikimania-africa-numbers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == Noocyada Luuqadaha == {{Pie chart | caption = '''Qaybinta {{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total|N}} maqaallada ee noocyada luqadaha kala duwan (laga bilaabo {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}})'''<ref name="meta.wikimedia">List of Wikipedias – Meta</ref> | other = yes | label1 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|1}} | value1 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|1}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color1 = #666666 | label2 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|2}} | value2 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|2}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color2 = #E69F00 | label3 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|3}} | value3 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|3}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color3 = #56B4E9 | label4 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|4}} | value4 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|4}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color4 = #009E73 | label5 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|5}} | value5 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|5}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color5 = #F0E442 | label6 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|6}} | value6 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|6}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color6 = #0072B2 | label7 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|7}} | value7 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|7}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color7 = #D55E00 | label8 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|8}} | value8 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|8}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color8 = #CC79A7 | label9 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|9}} | value9 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|9}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color9 = #33CC99 | label10 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|10}} | value10 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|10}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color10 = #333333 | label11 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|11}} | value11 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|11}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color11 = #9A459A | label12 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|12}} | value12 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|12}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color12 = #A60D14 | label13 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|13}} | value13 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|13}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color13 = #FF82AA | label14 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|14}} | value14 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|14}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color14 = #167432 | label15 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|15}} | value15 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|15}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color15 = #FFA500 | label16 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|16}} | value16 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|16}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color16 = #483D8B | label17 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|17}} | value17 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|17}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color17 = #00FFFF | label18 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|18}} | value18 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|17}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color18 = LightGreen | label19 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|19}} | value19 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|19}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color19 = Red | label20 = {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|20}} | value20 = {{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|{{Wikipedia rank by size|20}}}}/{{NUMBEROF|ARTICLES|total}}*100 round 1}} | color20 = LightBlue }} Waxaa hadda jira {{NUMBEROF|active|Wikipedia}} nooc oo luqadood ah oo Wikipedia ah (sidoo kale loogu yeero noocyada luqadaha, ama si fudud ''Wikipedias''). Sida uu yahay {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, lixda ugu waaweyn, iyadoo la kala horreeyo tirada maqaallada, waa {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|1}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|2}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|3}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|4}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|5}}, iyo {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|6}} Wikipedias.<ref name="WP list of WPs by article 1">Wikipedia:List of Wikipedias</ref> Wikipedia-ga {{ordinal to word|{{Wikipedia rank by size|ceb}}}} iyo kan {{ordinal to word|{{Wikipedia rank by size|sv}}}} ee ugu waaweyn waxay ku leeyihiin boosaskooda bot-ka abuuraya maqaallada ee [[Lsjbot]], kaas oo {{as of|2013|lc=y}} abuuray qiyaastii kala bar maqaallada ku jira [[Swedish Wikipedia]], iyo inta badan maqaallada ku jira [[Cebuano Wikipedia|Cebuano]] iyo [[Waray Wikipedia]]. Labada dambe waa labada luqadood ee dalka [[Philippines]]. Marka laga reebo lixda ugu sarreeya, laba iyo toban nooc oo kale oo Wikipedia ah ayaa leh in ka badan hal milyan oo maqaallo midkiiba ({{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|7}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|8}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|9}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|10}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|11}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|12}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|13}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|14}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|15}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|16}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|17}}, iyo {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|18}}), todobo kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 500,000 oo maqaallo ({{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|19}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|20}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|21}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|22}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|23}}, {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|24}}, iyo {{Wikipedia rank by size/WP|25}}), 44 kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 100,000, iyo 82 kale waxay leeyihiin in ka badan 10,000.<ref name="ListOfWikipedias" /><ref name="WP list of WPs by article 1" /> Ka ugu weyn, Wikipedia Soomaaliga, waxay leedahay in ka badan {{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}}|R}} &nbsp;kun oo maqaallo. {{As of|2021|01|post=,}} Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay heshaa 48% taraafikada guud ee Wikipedia, iyadoo inta kalena ay u qaybsantaan luqadaha kale. Tobanka nooc ee ugu sarreeya waxay ka dhigan yihiin qiyaastii 85% taraafikada guud.<ref>Wikipedia page views by language over time</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> File:Wikipedia page views by language over time.png|Noocyada ugu badan ee la daawado ee Wikipedia, 2008–2024 File:Wikipedia editors by language over time.png|Noocyada ugu badan ee la tafatiray ee Wikipedia, 2001–2024 </gallery>{{Largest Wikipedias/graph}} Maadaama Wikipedia ay ku saleysan tahay [[World Wide Web|Shabakadda]] sidaas darteedna ay tahay mid caalami ah, dadka ku tabaruca nooca isla luqadda ah waxay isticmaali karaan lahjado kala duwan ama waxay ka iman karaan dalal kala duwan (sida kiiska nooca Soomaaliga).<ref>Choice of national variety in the Somali-language Wikipedia</ref> Kala duwanaanshahani waxay keeni karaan xoogaa khilaafaad ah oo ku saabsan [[Somali spelling differences|farqiga hingaadda]] ama dhibcaha aragtida.<ref name="WP countering bias 1">Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias</ref> In kasta oo noocyada luqadaha kala duwan lala xiriiriyo siyaasadaha caalamiga ah sida "aragti dhexdhexaad ah", waxay ku kala duwan yihiin qaar ka mid ah dhibcaha siyaasadda iyo ku-dhaqanka, inta badan kuwa ugu caansan waa in sawirrada aan ahayn [[free content|laga haysto rukhsad xor ah]] la isticmaali karo iyadoo la daliishanayo sheegashada [[fair use]].<ref name="WP meta fair use 1">Non-free content</ref><ref name="IBM visual WP 1">The Visual Side of Wikipedia</ref> Nuxurka maqaallada ee ku saabsan mawduuca isla midka ah wuxuu si weyn ugu kala duwanaan karaa luqadaha u dhexeeya, iyadoo ku xiran ilaha ay isticmaalaan tafatirayaasha iyo arrimo kale.<ref>Wikipedia: Editing the narrative</ref><ref name="Benjakob-2021">Israeli 'rule,' not 'occupation': In a sign of the times, Hebrew Wikipedia renames a key article</ref> Jimmy Wales wuxuu ku tilmaamay Wikipedia "dadaal lagu abuurayo oo lagu qaybinayo ensiklabeediyo xor ah oo tayo sare leh oo suurtagal ah qof kasta oo meeraha jooga oo ku qoran luqadooda".<ref>Wikipedia is an encyclopedia</ref> In kasta oo nooc kasta oo luqad ah uu u shaqeeyo si madaxbannaan, dadaallo qaar ayaa la sameeyaa si loo kormeero dhammaantood. Waxaa qayb ahaan isku dubarida Meta-Wiki, oo ah wiki-ga Wikimedia Foundation ee loogu talagalay ilaalinta dhammaan mashaariicdeeda (Wikipedia iyo kuwo kale).<ref name="WP metawiki maintenance 1">Meta-Wiki</ref> Tusaale ahaan, Meta-Wiki waxay bixisaa tiroakoobyo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan noocyada luqadaha ee Wikipedia,<ref name="WP meta stats 1">Meta-Wiki Statistics</ref> waxayna ilaalisaa liiska maqaallada Wikipedia kasta ay tahay inay yeelato.<ref name="WP meta articles on all sites 1">List of articles every Wikipedia should have</ref> Liisku wuxuu khuseeyaa nuxurka aasaasiga ah iyadoo la eegayo mowduuca: taariikh nololeedka, taariikhda, juqraafiyada, bulshada, dhaqanka, sayniska, teknoolajiyada, iyo xisaabta.<ref name="WP meta articles on all sites 1" /> Ma ahan mid naadir ah in maqaallada si adag ula xiriira luqad gaar ah aysan lahayn dhigooda nooc kale. Tusaale ahaan, maqaallada ku saabsan magaalooyinka yaryar ee Maraykanka waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan Soomaaliga oo keliya, xataa marka ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha caannimada ee mashaariicda kale ee luqadda Wikipedia.<ref name=":9">Wikipedia:Notability</ref> [[File:User - demography.svg|thumb|upright=2.27|Qiyaasta tabarucaadka ka yimid gobollada kala duwan ee adduunka ilaa noocyada Wikipedia ee kala duwan, {{Circa}} 2012. Eeg qoraalka.<ref name="PLoS One 2012" />]] Maqaallada la turjumay waxay matalaan qayb yar oo ka mid ah maqaallada noocyada badankood, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah noocyadaas ma oggola turjumaad buuxda oo otomaatig ah oo maqaallada ah. Maqaallada laga heli karo in ka badan hal luqad waxay bixin karaan "interwiki links", kuwaas oo ku xiraya maqaallada dhigooda ah ee noocyada kale.<ref>Manypedia: Comparing language points of view of Wikipedia communities</ref><ref>Manual:Interwiki</ref> Daraasad ay daabacday ''PLOS One'' 2005 waxay sidoo kale qiyaastay qaybta urursan ee tafatirka ee noocyada kala duwan ee Wikipedia ee ka yimid gobollada kala duwan ee adduunka, iyadoo lagu saleynayo wakhtiga maalinta. Waxay sheegtay in saamiga tafatirka ee ka yimid Waqooyiga Ameerika uu ahaa 51% Wikipedia Soomaaliga, iyo 25% [[Simple English Wikipedia]].<ref name="PLoS One 2012">Circadian Patterns of Wikipedia Editorial Activity: A Demographic Analysis</ref> === Tirada tafatirayaasha Wikipedia Soomaaliga === Maaj 1, 2014, ''The Economist'', oo ku jirta maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa "Mustaqbalka Wikipedia", ayaa soo xigatay falanqaynta isbeddelka ee ku saabsan xogta ay daabacday Wikimedia Foundation iyada oo sheegaysa in "tirada tafatirayaasha nooca luqadda Soomaaliga ay hoos u dhacday saddex meelood meel todobo sano gudahood."<ref name="economist1">The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?</ref> Heerka ka bixitaanka ee tafatirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxaa soo xigtay The Economist inuu si weyn ugu kala duwanaan karo tirakoobyada Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia). The Economist waxay sheegtay in tirada dadka ku tabaruca celcelis ahaan shan tafatireyn ama ka badan bishii ay ahayd mid joogto ah ilaa 2008 ee Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale, oo ahayd qiyaastii 42,000 tafatirayaal ah gudaha xuduudaha xilliyeed ee cidhiidhiga ah ee ku dhow 2,000 tafatirayaal sare ama hoos. Tirada tafatirayaasha firfircoon ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga, oo ay ku jirto barbardhig adag, waxaa lagu sheegay inay kor u kacday 2007 ilaa qiyaastii 50,000 oo ay hoos ugu dhacday 30,000 markii la bilaabay 2014.<ref name="economist1" /> Barbardhig ahaan, falanqaynta isbeddelka ee Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia) waxay muujineysaa guul ku wajahan haynta tafatirayaasha firfircoon iyadoo la adeegsanayo saldhig dib loo cusboonaysiin karo oo joogto ah, iyadoo tiradoodu ay tahay mid joogto ah oo ku dhow 24,000. Wax faallo ah lagama bixin taas oo ka mid ah heerarka siyaasadda tafatirka ee kala duwan ee ka yimid Wikipedia ee luqadaha kale (non-Somali Wikipedia) ay bixin lahayd beddel macquul ah oo loogu talagalay Wikipedia Soomaaliga si loo hagaajiyo heerarka ka bixitaanka tafatiraha ee Af-Soomaali Wikipedia.<ref name="economist1" /> == Soo Dhaweynta == {{See also|Academic studies about Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia|Racial bias on Wikipedia}} Dhowr [[Wikipedia community|Wikipedians]] ayaa [[criticism of Wikipedia#Excessive regulation|dhaleeceeyay xeer-nidaaminta weyn ee Wikipedia ee sii kordheysa]], taas oo ka kooban in ka badan konton siyaasadood iyo ku dhowaad 150,000 oo eray {{as of|2014|lc=y|post=.}}<ref name="bureaucracy">The Unbearable Bureaucracy of Wikipedia</ref><ref name="Jemielniak">Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia</ref> Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay sheegeen in Wikipedia ay muujineyso [[systemic bias|eex nidaamyeed]]. Sannadkii 2010, qoraa iyo suxufi Edwin Black ayaa ku tilmaamay Wikipedia mid ka kooban "run, bar-run, iyo xoogaa been ah".<ref name="EdwinBlack">Wikipedia – The Dumbing Down of World Knowledge</ref> Maqaallada ku jira ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' iyo ''The Journal of Academic Librarianship'' ayaa dhaleeceeyay [[Wikipedia:DUE|siyaasadda miisaanka aan habboonayn]] ee Wikipedia, iyaga oo ku soo gabagabeeyey in Wikipedia aan si cad loogu talagelin inay bixiso macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan mawduuc, balse ay diiradda saarto dhammaan aragtiyaha waaweyn ee ku saabsan mawduuca, siiso fiiro gaar ah kuwa yar, oo abuurta ka tagitaan taas oo horseedi karta aaminsanaan been ah oo ku saleysan macluumaad aan dhammaystirnayn.<ref>The 'Undue Weight' of Truth on Wikipedia</ref><ref>"You Just Type in What You Are Looking For": Undergraduates' Use of Library Resources vs. Wikipedia</ref><ref>Wikipedia experience sparks national debate</ref> Suxufiyiinta Oliver Kamm iyo Edwin Black ayaa ku eedeeyay (2010 iyo 2011, siday u kala horreeyaan) in maqaallada ay ku badan yihiin codadka ugu sarreeya uguna adag, badanaaba koox wadata "ul ay ku shaqeystaan" oo ku saabsan mawduuca.<ref name="EdwinBlack" /><ref name="okw">Wisdom? More like dumbness of the crowds</ref> Maqaal 2008 lagu daabacay joornaalka ''Education Next'' ayaa ku soo gabagabeeyey in il ahaan ku saabsan mawduucyada muranka dhaliya, Wikipedia ay ku jirta gacanta lagu maamuli karo iyo [[spin (propaganda)|spin]].<ref name="Petrilli">Wikipedia or Wickedpedia?</ref> Sannadkii 2020, Omer Benjakob iyo Stephen Harrison waxay xuseen in "Wararka warbaahinta ee Wikipedia ay si weyn isu beddeleen labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay: mar waxaa loo arkayay mid maskaxiyan ah, haddana waxaa lagu ammaanay 'godka ugu dambeeya ee xaqiiqada la wadaago' ee internetka."<ref>From Anarchy to Wikiality, Glaring Bias to Good Cop: Press Coverage of Wikipedia's First Two Decades</ref> Shabakadaha wararka iyo dadka faallooyinka bixiya ee badan ayaa ku eedeeyay Wikipedia inay leedahay [[ideological bias|eex fikradeed]]. Febraayo 2021, Fox News waxay ku eedeysay Wikipedia inay nadiifinayso [[communism|shuuciyadaha]] iyo [[socialism|hantiwadaagayaasha]] isla markaana ay leebahay eex "[[left-wing politics|garabka bidix]]" ah oo aad u badan.<ref>Inside Wikipedia's leftist bias: socialism pages whitewashed, communist atrocities buried</ref> Larry Sanger, oo ka mid ahaa aasaasayaasha Wikipedia oo ka tagay Wikipedia 2002 si uu u aasaaso shabakado tartamaya, ayaa sheegay in Wikipedia ay noqotay "propaganda" loogu talagalay "dhismaha" garabka bidix ee u janjeera isla markaana uu ka digay in aan mar dambe lagu luuqayn kan goobta.<ref>Wikipedia's Co-Founder Is Wikipedia's Most Outspoken Critic</ref><ref>Wikipedia co-founder says site is now 'propaganda' for left-leaning 'establishment'</ref> Sannadkii 2022, libertarian John Stossel ayaa ku dooday in Wikipedia, oo ah goob uu lacag ku taageeray mar, ay u muuqatay mid si tartiib tartiib ah u qaadatay leexasho weyn oo xagga eexda ah oo ku wajahan bidixda siyaasadeed, gaar ahaan mowduucyada siyaasadeed.<ref>Wikipedia Bias</ref> Daraasadaha qaar ayaa soo jeedinaya in Wikipedia (iyo gaar ahaan Wikipedia Soomaaliga) ay leedahay "[[cultural bias|eex dhaqameed]] reer galbeedka" ama "eex [[Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]]", iyada oo ku celinaysa, sida ay sheegto Anna Samoilenko, "eexda la mid ah ee laga helo 'munaaradda foolmaroodiga' ee [[historiography|taariikh nololeedka]] tacliinta." Carwil Bjork-James waxay soo jeedinaysaa in Wikipedia ay raaci karto qaabka kala duwanaanshaha ee aqoonta casriga ah iyadoo Dangzhi Zhao ku baaqayo in la "gumeysi-tirro" Wikipedia si loo yareeyo eexda ka timaada tafatirayaasha ragga cad ee fikradaha adag wata.<ref>The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps</ref> Bishii Maajo 2026, boqolaal ka mid ah [[List of Wikipedia controversies#2026|tatifirayaasha Wikipedia ayaa ku hanjabay inay shaqo-joojin sameynayaan]] ka dib markii WMF ay shaqada ka eriday Brooke Vibber, oo ah horumariye ku tabarucay sofweerka [[MediaWiki]] tan iyo 2003 isla markaana hore uga soo shaqeeyay sarkaal maamule tignoolajiyadeed oo u horreeyay WMF.<ref name="Heise Unionization">Unionization at Wikimedia: Community protest after layoffs</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, hal toddobaad ka dib markii la eriday Vibber, WMF waxay shaqada ka eriday lix shaqaale ah iyadoo xireysa kooxdeeda [[Community Tech Team|Community Tech]], taasoo sii hurisay shaqo-joojinta iyo dadaalka ururinta shaqaalaha.<ref>Nach Entlassung von Entwicklern: Wikipedia-Autoren drohen mit Streik</ref> Maamulayaasha WMF waxay sheegeen in shaqaalaha Community Tech ay codsan karaan jagooyin kala duwan oo ka tirsan ururka, in habka rabitaanka dib loo habeyn doono, iyo in WMF ay aqoonsan doonto urur shaqaale oo hela taageerada inta badan ee shaqaalaha. Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay xuseen in WMF ay si dadweyne ah u liis gareysay shaqooyin horumariye oo ka yar tirada shaqaalaha ay shaqada ka eriday.<ref name="Heise Unionization"/><ref>Hundreds of prolific Wikipedia editors are threatening to go on strike</ref> [[Wikipedia:Wiki Workers United solidarity#Signatures|Codsi]] muujinaya taageerada ururka Wiki Workers United (WWU) iyo diyaar u ahaanshaha in la galo shaqo-joojin waxaa saxiixay in ka badan 1050 xubnood oo bulshada ka tirsan laga bilaabo Juun 15, 2026.<ref>Wikipedia Editors Could Strike Following Layoffs</ref> === Saxnaanta Nuxurka === {{Main|Reliability of Wikipedia}} {{External media|width = 230px|float = right|audio1 = [https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-great-book-of-knowledge-part-1-1.2497560 The Great Book of Knowledge, Part 1], ''Ideas with [[Paul Kennedy (host)|Paul Kennedy]]'', CBC, January 15, 2014}} Maqaallada loogu talagalay ensiklabeediyeyaasha dhaqameed sida ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' waxaa qora [[expert|khubaro]], taasoo siineysa ensiklabeediyeyaashaas sumcad ay ku leeyihiin saxnaanta.<ref>Wikipedia, Britannica: A Toss-Up</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib-u-eegis ay sameeyeen asxaabtu 2005 oo ku saabsan afartan iyo laba shay oo saynis ah oo ku kala jira Wikipedia iyo ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' oo ay daabacday joornaalka sayniska ''Nature'' ayaa ka helay farqi yar oo ku saabsan saxnaanta, waxayna ku soo gabagabeeyeen in "sheyga sayniska ee celceliska ah ee Wikipedia uu ka kooban yahay ilaa afar cilmi-khaldan; ''Britannica'', ku dhowaad saddex."<ref name="GilesJ2005Internet" /> Dadka kale waxay kor u qaadeen dhaleeceyn la mid ah.<ref name="Orlowski2005">Wikipedia science 31% more cronky than Britannica's Excellent for Klingon science, though</ref> Natiijooyinka ay soo saartay ''Nature'' waxaa ku murmay ''Encyclopædia Britannica'',<ref name="corporate.britannica.com" /><ref name="nature.com britannica response 1">Encyclopaedia Britannica and Nature: a response</ref> iyo iyada oo laga jawaabayo, ''Nature'' waxay bixisay jawaab celin ku saabsan dhibcaha ay kor u qaadday ''Britannica''.<ref name="nature.com">''Nature''{{'}}s responses to ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''</ref> Marka laga reebo khilaafka dhibic-ka-dhibic ee u dhexeeya labadan dhinac, dadka kale waxay baareen cabbirka muunadda iyo habka xulashada ee lagu adeegsaday dadaalka ''Nature'', waxayna soo jeediyeen "naqshad daraasadeed oo cilladaysan" (ee xulashada gacanta ee ''Nature'' ee maqaallada, qayb ahaan ama guud ahaan, marka la barbar dhigo), maqnaanshaha falanqaynta tirakoobka (tusaale, ee [[confidence interval|xadka kalsoonida]] ee la weriyay), iyo la'aanta "awoodda tirakoobka" ee daraasadda (sida, sababtoo ah [[sample size determination|cabbirka muunadda]] yar, 42 ama 4&nbsp;×&nbsp;10<sup>1</sup> maqaallo la barbar dhigay, marka loo eego cabbirrada go'an ee >10<sup>5</sup> iyo >10<sup>6</sup> ee ''Britannica'' iyo Wikipedia Soomaaliga, siday u kala horreeyaan).<ref>Dynamics of Conflicts in Wikipedia</ref> Natiijo ahaan qaabdhismeedka furan, Wikipedia "ma ballanqaadeyso ansaxnimada" nuxurkeeda, maadaama aysan jirin cid si dhab ah mas'uul uga ah sheegasho kasta oo ka muuqata.<ref name="WP general disclaimer 1">Wikipedia:General disclaimer</ref> Walaacyo ayaa waxaa soo saaray ''PC World'' 2009 oo ku saabsan la'aanta [[accountability|mas'uuliyadda]] taas oo ka dhalata magac-la'aanta isticmaaleyaasha, gelinta macluumaad beenta ah,<ref name="pcworld WP blunders 1">The 15 Biggest Wikipedia Blunders</ref> [[vandalism on Wikipedia|burburinta]], iyo dhibaatooyin la mid ah. ''Legal Research in a Nutshell'' (2011), waxay u adeegsataa Wikipedia "il guud" taas oo "noqon karta faa'iido dhab ah" marka "lagu soo degdegayo sharciga maamulaya xaalad" iyo, "inkasta oo aanay ahayn mid rasmi ah, waxay bixin kartaa xaqiiqada aasaasiga ah iyo sidoo kale hage u noqota ilo qoto dheer."<ref name="Nutshell in-depth resources">Legal Research in a Nutshell</ref> Dhaqaaleyahan Tyler Cowen wuxuu qoray: "Haddii ay tahay inaan qiyaaso haddii Wikipedia ama maqaalka joornaalka ee dhaqaalaha la eegay uyahay mid run ah ka dib fikrad aan dheerayn, waxaan dooran lahaa Wikipedia." Wuxuu ku faallooday in ilaha dhaqameed ee qaar ee aan sheeko-khayaalka ahayn ay la dhibtoonayaan eex nidaamyeed, natiijooyinka cusubna, sida uu qabo, si xad dhaaf ah loogu soo warranaa maqaallada joornaalka, sidoo kalena macluumaadka khuseeya waa laga tagaa wararka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sidoo kale ka digayaa in khaladaadka inta badan laga helo goobaha internetka iyo in aqoonyahannada iyo khubaradu ay tahay inay feejignaadaan sidii ay u sixi lahaayeen.<ref name="tnr experts vigilant in correcting WP 1">Cooked Books</ref> Amy Bruckman waxay ku dooday in, sababtoo ah tirada dadka dib-u-eegista sameeya, "nuxurka bogga caanka ah ee Wikipedia waa dhab ahaantii nooca ugu kalsoonida badan ee macluumaad abid la abuuray."<ref name="PC 2021">Wikipedia: The Most Reliable Source on the Internet?</ref> Bishii Sebtembar 2022, suxufiga ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' Liam Mannix ayaa xusay in: "Ma jirto sabab loo filayo in Wikipedia ay noqoto mid sax ah... Oo weliba way tahay." Mannix wuxuu intaas ku daray isagoo ka wada hadlay dhowr daraasadood oo caddeeyey in Wikipedia ay guud ahaan tahay mid lagu kalsoonaan karo sida ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', isagoo soo koobaya in "...in la jeediyo dhabarka ilaa ilkan cajiibka ah waa... mid yar oo daciif ah."<ref>Evidence suggests Wikipedia is accurate and reliable. When are we going to start taking it seriously?</ref> Dhaleeceeyayaashu waxay ku doodayaan in qaabka furan ee Wikipedia iyo la'aanta ilaha habboon ee macluumaadka inta badan ay ka dhigayaan mid aan lagu kalsoonaan karin.<ref name="TNY reliability issues 1">Know It All</ref> Faallo-bixiyeyaasha qaar ayaa soo jeedinaya in Wikipedia ay noqon karto mid lagu kalsoonaan karo, laakiin in kalsoonida maqaal kasta aanay caddayn.<ref name="AcademiaAndWikipedia" /> Tafatirayaasha [[reference work|shaqada tixraaca]] dhaqameed sida ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' ayaa su'aal geliyay [[utility|farsamada]] mashruuca iyo heerkiisa maadaama uu yahay ensiklabeediyo.<ref name="McHenry_2004" /> Aasaasaha Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ayaa sheegay in Wikipedia ay si weyn uga fogaatay dhibaatada "wararka beenta ah" sababtoo ah bulshada Wikipedia waxay si joogto ah uga doodaysaa tayada ilaha maqaallada.<ref>Wikipedia Founder Says Internet Users Are Adrift In The 'Fake News' Era</ref> {{External media|width = 210px|float = right|video1 = [https://www.dw.de/inside-wikipedia-attack-of-the-pr-industry/av-17745881 Inside Wikipedia&nbsp;– Attack of the PR Industry], Deutsche Welle, 7:13 mins<ref name="dw">Inside Wikipedia&nbsp;– Attack of the PR Industry</ref>}} Qaab-dhismeedka furan ee Wikipedia wuxuu si dabiici ah uga dhigayaa bartilmaameed fudud [[Internet troll|trollelada internetka]], [[spamming|spam-ka]], iyo noocyada kala duwan ee u doodista lacagaha ee loo arko inay ka soo horjeedaan ilaalinta ensiklabeediyada khadka ah ee dhex-dhexaadka ah oo la xaqiijin karo.<ref name="Torsten_Kleinz" /><ref name="citizendium WP trolling issues 1">Toward a New Compendium of Knowledge (longer version)</ref> Iyadoo laga jawaabayo [[conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia|tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo]] iyo arrimaha tafatirka ee aan la shaacin, Wikipedia waxaa lagu soo warramay maqaal ku jira ''The Wall Street Journal'' inay xoojisay xeerarkeedii iyo sharciyadeedii ka dhanka ahaa tafatirka aan la shaacin.<ref name="Elder-2014">Wikipedia Strengthens Rules Against Undisclosed Editing</ref> Maqaalku wuxuu sheegay: "Laga bilaabo Isniinta [laga bilaabo taariikhda maqaalka, Juun 16, 2014], isbeddellada shuruudaha isticmaalka Wikipedia waxay u baahan doonaan qof kasta oo lacag la siiyo si uu u tafatiro maqaallada inuu shaaciyo heshiiskaas. Katherine Maher, oo ah sarkaalka sare ee isgaarsiinta ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee Wikimedia Foundation, ayaa tiri isbeddellada waxay wax ka qabanayaan dareenka ka dhex jira tafatirayaasha mutadawiciinta ah ee ah 'ma nihin adeeg xayeysiis ah; waxaan nahay ensiklabeediyo.'"<ref name="Elder-2014" /><ref name="DeathByWikipedia" /><ref name="cnet politicians and WP 1">Politicians notice Wikipedia</ref><ref name="msnbc MS cash for WP edits 1">Microsoft offers cash for Wikipedia edit</ref><ref name="Seeing Corporate Fingerprints" /> Arrimahan, iyo kuwo kale, waxaa lagu caayay ilaa tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay ee Wikipedia, gaar ahaan waxaa sameeyay Stephen Colbert oo ka tirsanaa ''The Colbert Report''.<ref name="wikiality" /> === Qiimo-dhaca Tacliinta === Macallimiinta jaamacadaha qaar ayaa ka niyad jabiya ardayda inay ka soo xigtaan ensiklabeediyada kasta [[academic work|shaqada tacliinta]], iyagoo doorbida [[primary source|ilaha koowaad]];<ref name="WideWorldOfWikipedia" /> qaar ayaa si gaar ah u mamnuuca xigashooyinka Wikipedia.<ref name="insidehighered against WP 1">Why You Can't Cite Wikipedia in My Class</ref><ref name="insidehighered wiki no cite">A Stand Against Wikipedia</ref> Wales wuxuu ku adkeeyaa in ensiklabeediyeyaasha nooc kasta ha ahaatee aanay inta badan ku habboonayn in loo isticmaalo ilo la soo xigan karo, mana aha in lagu tiirsanaado sidii kuwo rasmi ah.<ref name="AWorkInProgress" /> Wales mar (2006 ama ka hor) wuxuu sheegay inuu helo ku dhowaad toban iimayl usbuuc kasta oo ka yimaada ardayda leh waxay ka heleen dhibco xun warqadaha sababtoo ah waxay ka soo xigteen Wikipedia; wuxuu u sheegay ardayda inay heleen wixii ay mudnaayeen. "Ilaah baan ku dhaartaye, waxaad ku jirtaa kulliyad; ha ka soo xigan ensiklabeediyada," ayuu yiri.<ref>Wikipedia sucks students in with reliable information</ref> Febraayo 2007, maqaal ku jira wargeyska ''The Harvard Crimson'' ayaa weriyay in qaar ka mid ah borofisoorada jaamacadda [[Harvard University]] ay ku darayeen maqaallada Wikipedia [[syllabus|syllabiyadooda]], inkasta oo aan la ogeyn in maqaallada ay isbedeli karaan.<ref name="thecrimson wiki debate">Professors Split on Wiki Debate</ref> Juun 2007, Michael Gorman, oo ahaa madaxii hore ee [[American Library Association]], ayaa cambaareeyay Wikipedia, oo ay la socoto Google, isagoo sheegay in aqoonyahannada taageera isticmaalka Wikipedia ay yihiin "dhigaha maskaxda ee nafaqeeyaha oo ku talinaya cunto joogto ah oo ah Big Macs oo wata wax walba".<ref name="stothart" /> Daraasad cilmi-baaris 2000 lagu daabacay ''Studies in Higher Education'' ayaa ku dooday in Wikipedia lagu dabaqi karo "[[flipped classroom|fasalka la rogay]]" ee tacliinta sare, oo ah qaab waxbarasho oo ardaydu ay wax ku bartaan ka hor inta nahay iman fasalka oo ay ku dabaqaan hawlaha fasalka. Kooxda tijaabada ah waxaa la faray inay wax bartaan ka hor fasalka oo ay helaan jawaab celin degdeg ah ka hor inta aan la gelin (qaabka fasalka la rogay), halka kooxda kantaroolka la siiyay tilmaamo toos ah fasalka dhexdiisa (qaabka fasalka caadiga ah). Kooxaha waxaa la faray inay si wada jir ah u horumariyaan maqaallada Wikipedia, kuwaas oo lagu qiimayn doono tayada ka dib daraasadda. Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in kooxda tijaabada ah ay soo saartay maqaallo Wikipedia ah oo badan oo ay heleen dhibco sarreeya oo tayo leh. Daraasadda ayaa ku soo gabagabeysay in waxbarashada Wikipedia ee fasallada la rogay ay ka waxtar badnayd marka loo eego fasallada caadiga ah, iyadoo muujineysa in Wikipedia loo isticmaali karo qalab waxbarasho oo ku jira tacliinta sare.<ref>Flipped learning with Wikipedia in higher education</ref> ==== Macluumaadka Caafimaadka ==== {{See also|Health information on Wikipedia}} March 5, 2014, Julie Beck, oo u qoraysay majalladda ''[[The Atlantic]]'' maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa "Doctors' #1 Source for Healthcare Information: Wikipedia", ayaa sheegtay in "Konton boqolkiiba dhakhaatiirtu ay ka raadiyaan xaaladaha goobta (Wikipedia), qaar kalena ay iyagu wax ka beddelaan maqaallada si ay u hagaajiyaan tayada macluumaadka la heli karo."<ref name="Beck-2014">{{Cite magazine |last=Beck |first=Julie |date=March 5, 2014 |title=Doctors' #1 Source for Healthcare Information: Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/03/doctors-1-source-for-healthcare-information-wikipedia/284206/ |url-status=live |magazine=The Atlantic |issn=2151-9463 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024070757/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/03/doctors-1-source-for-healthcare-information-wikipedia/284206/ |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> Beck waxay sii wadday in ay faahfaahiso maqaalkan barnaamijyada cusub ee [[Amin Azzam]] ee [[University of San Francisco]] si ay u bixiyaan koorsooyinka dugsiga caafimaadka ardayda caafimaadka si ay u bartaan sida loo tafatiro oo loo hagaajiyo [[health information on Wikipedia|maqaallada Wikipedia ee ku saabsan arrimaha la xiriira caafimaadka]], iyo sidoo kale barnaamijyada xakamaynta tayada gudaha ee ka dhex jira Wikipedia ee ay soo agaasimeen [[James Heilman]] si loo hagaajiyo koox ka kooban 200 oo maqaallo caafimaad ah oo muhiimad dhexe u leh caafimaadka ilaa heerka ugu sarreeya ee Wikipedia ee maqaallada iyadoo la adeegsanayo hannaanka qiimaynta asxaabta ee Maqaalka Muuqda iyo Maqaalka Wanaagsan.<ref name="Beck-2014" /> May 7, 2014, maqaal daba-galka ah ee ''The Atlantic'' oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Can Wikipedia Ever Be a Definitive Medical Text?", Julie Beck waxay soo xiganaysaa James Heilman oo ka tirsan WikiProject Medicine isagoo leh: "Kaliya sababtoo ah tixraac waa mid ay dib-u-eegis ku sameeyeen asxaabtu macnaheedu maaha inay tahay tixraac tayo sare leh."<ref name="theatlantic.com">{{cite magazine |last=Beck |first=Julie |date=May 7, 2014 |title=Can Wikipedia Ever Be a Definitive Medical Text? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/05/can-wikipedia-ever-be-a-definitive-medical-text/361822/ |url-status=live |magazine=The Atlantic |issn=2151-9463 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208113526/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/05/can-wikipedia-ever-be-a-definitive-medical-text/361822/ |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> Beck waxay ku dartay in: "Wikipedia ay leedahay hannaankeeda dib-u-eegista asxaabta ka hor intaan maqaallada loo kala saarin 'wanaagsan' ama 'muuqda'. Heilman, oo ka qaybqaatay hannaankaas hore, wuxuu leeyahay 'in ka yar hal boqolkiiba' maqaallada caafimaadka ee Wikipedia ayaa ka gudbay."<ref name="theatlantic.com" /> === Daboolida mowduucyada iyo eexda nidaamyeed === {{See also|Notability in the English Wikipedia|Criticism of Wikipedia#Systemic bias in coverage}} Wikipedia waxay doonaysaa inay abuurto soo koobid dhammaan aqoonta bini'aadamka oo ah qaab ensiklabeediyo online ah, iyadoo mowduuc kasta lagu daboolayo si ensiklabeediyo ah hal maqaal. Maadaama ay leedahay [[byte#Multiple-byte units|terabytes]] oo [[disk space|meel disk ah]], waxay yeelan kartaa mowduucyo aad uga badan kuwa ay dabooli karto ensiklabeediyo kasta oo daabacan.<ref>Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopedia</ref> Xaddiga saxda ah iyo qaabka daboolida ee Wikipedia ayaa si joogto ah loogu eegaa tafatirayaasheeda, khilaafaadkuna ma ahan kuwo naadir ah (eeg [[deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia|deletionism and inclusionism]]).<ref name="Economist disagreements not uncommon">{{cite news |date=March 6, 2008 |title=The battle for Wikipedia's soul |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10789354 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214004436/https://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2008/03/08/the-battle-for-wikipedias-soul |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref name="telegraph WP torn apart 1">{{cite news |title=Wikipedia: an online encyclopedia torn apart |first=Ian |last=Douglas |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=November 10, 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3354752/Wikipedia-an-online-encyclopedia-torn-apart.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3354752/Wikipedia-an-online-encyclopedia-torn-apart.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=November 23, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Wikipedia waxay ka kooban tahay agab ay dadka qaar u arki karaan mid la diidi karo, xun, ama qaawan.<ref>Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not censored</ref> Siyaasadda "Wikipedia ma laha faafreeb" mararka qaardood waxay caddaysay inay tahay mid muran dhalisa: 2008, Wikipedia waxay diiday codsi online ah oo ka dhan ahaa ku daridda [[online petition on Wikipedia Muhammad article|sawirrada Muxammed]] ee [[Wikipedia Soomaaliga|nooca Soomaaliga]] ee maqaalka [[Muhammad]], iyadoo daliishanaysa siyaasaddan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=February 5, 2008 |title=Wikipedia Islam Entry Is Criticized |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/books/05wiki.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126025338/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/books/05wiki.html |archive-date=November 26, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Joogitaanka waxyaabaha qaawan, oo ay la socdaan agabka xasaasiga ah ee dhanka siyaasadda iyo diinta ee Wikipedia ayaa horseeday in [[censorship of Wikipedia|faafreeb lagu sameeyo]] maamulada qaranka ee Shiinaha<ref name="Taylor" /> iyo Pakistan,<ref name="washington post state censorship 1">{{cite news |last=Bruilliard |first=Karin |date=May 21, 2010 |title=Pakistan blocks YouTube a day after shutdown of Facebook over Muhammad issue |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/20/AR2010052005073.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427091507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/20/AR2010052005073.html |archive-date=April 27, 2020}}</ref> dalal kale dhexdood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moon |first=Mariella |date=March 12, 2022 |title=Prominent editor of Russian Wikipedia pages detained in Belarus |url=https://www.yahoo.com/now/mark-bernstein-russian-wikipedia-pages-detained-in-belarus-104102452.html |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=Yahoo! |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313173559/https://www.yahoo.com/now/mark-bernstein-russian-wikipedia-pages-detained-in-belarus-104102452.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mokhtar |first=Hassna'a |date=July 19, 2006 |title=What Is Wrong With Wikipedia? |work=Arab News |url=http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=85616&d=19&m=7&y=2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807060237/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=85616&d=19&m=7&y=2006 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arthur |first=Charles |date=December 8, 2008 |title=Wikipedia row escalates as internet watchdog considers censoring Amazon US over Scorpions image |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/08/amazon-internet-censorship-iwf |access-date=January 30, 2023 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/08/amazon-internet-censorship-iwf |url-status=live}}</ref> Barnaamijkeeda "Wikipedia Loves Libraries", Wikipedia waxay la gashay iskaashi maktabado dadweyne oo waaweyn sida [[New York Public Library for the Performing Arts]] si loo ballaariyo daboolideeda mowduucyada iyo maqaallada aan la filanin.<ref name="NYT subjects and articles">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/theater/editing-wikipedia-at-the-new-york-public-library-for-the-performing-arts.html |title=Wikipedia's Deep Dive Into a Library Collection |last=Petrusich |first=Amanda |work=The New York Times |date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111213754/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/theater/editing-wikipedia-at-the-new-york-public-library-for-the-performing-arts.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Daraasad 2011 ay sameeyeen cilmi-baarayaal ka tirsan [[University of Minnesota]] waxay muujisay in tafatirayaasha labka iyo dheddigga ay diiradda saaraan mowduucyo daboolid oo kala duwan. Waxaa jiray urursanaan weyn oo dheddig ah qaybta "dadka iyo fanka", halka raggu ay diiradda saaraan "juqraafiyada iyo sayniska".<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Lam |first1=Shyong (Tony) K. |last2=Uduwage |first2=Anuradha |last3=Dong |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Sen |first4=Shilad |last5=Musicant |first5=David R. |last6=Terveen |first6=Loren |last7=Riedl |first7=John |date=October 3–5, 2011 |title=WP:Clubhouse? An Exploration of Wikipedia's Gender Imbalance |url=https://files.grouplens.org/papers/wp-gender-wikisym2011.pdf |conference=WikiSym'2011 |location=Mountain View, California |publisher=ACM |access-date=March 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309064955/http://files.grouplens.org/papers/wp-gender-wikisym2011.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Faallo ku jirtay ''The Guardian'' 2014 ayaa sheegtay in dadaal badan la geliyay bixinta tixraacyada [[list of pornographic performers by decade|liiska jilaayaasha filimada qaawan ee dheddigga ah]] marka loo eego [[list of women writers|liiska qorayaasha dumarka ah]].<ref name="GuardianAugust2014">{{cite news |date=August 7, 2018 |title=The Guardian view on Wikipedia: evolving truth |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/07/guardian-view-wikipedia-evolving-truth |url-status=live |access-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112212758/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/07/guardian-view-wikipedia-evolving-truth |archive-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref> ==== Eexaha Nidaamyeed ==== Siyaasadaha Wikipedia waxay xaddidi karaan "awoodeeda ay si dhab ah ugu matali karto aqoonta caalamiga ah". Tusaale ahaan, Wikipedia waxay u tixgelisaa ilaha la daabacay oo keliya inay yihiin kuwo lagu kalsoonaan karo. [[Oral knowledge|Aqoonta afka ah]] ee dhaqamada Asalka ah mar walba laguma muujiyo daabacaadda. Mowduucyada la takoorey sidoo kale waxay u badan yahay inay ka maqnaadaan daboolin muhiim ah oo ku jirta ilaha la kalsoonaan karo. Nuxurka Wikipedia Sidaas darteed wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay natiijada eexaha nidaamyeed ee waaweyn.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=37, 38, 47}} [[Academic studies about Wikipedia|Daraasaadka tacliimeed ee Wikipedia]] waxay muujiyeen in tafatiraha celceliska ah ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga uu yahay nin caddaan ah oo aqoon leh, u janjeera tignoolajiyada, da'diisu tahay 15–49, kana soo jeeda dal horumaray, oo inta badan Masiixi ah.<ref name="Livingstone2010">{{Cite journal |last=Livingstone |first=Randall M. |date=November 23, 2010 |title=Let's Leave the Bias to the Mainstream Media: A Wikipedia Community Fighting for Information Neutrality |url=https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |url-status=live |journal=M/C Journal |volume=13 |issue=6 |doi=10.5204/mcj.315 |issn=1441-2616 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121135911/https://www.journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/315 |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |access-date=November 23, 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Aragtida u dhiganta (POV) waa mid si xad dhaaf ah loo matelay.<ref name="Hube2017">{{Cite book |last=Hube |first=Christoph |title=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion – WWW '17 Companion |chapter=Bias in Wikipedia |date=April 3, 2017 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053375 |location=Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE |publisher=International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee |pages=717–721 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053375 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7 |s2cid=10472970}}</ref><ref name="Bjork-James-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Bjork-James |first=Carwil |date=July 3, 2021 |title=New maps for an inclusive Wikipedia: decolonial scholarship and strategies to counter systemic bias |journal=New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=207–228 |bibcode=2021NRvHM..27..207B |doi=10.1080/13614568.2020.1865463 |s2cid=234286415}}</ref> Eexdan nidaamyeed ee tirakoobka tafatiraha waxay keentaa [[cultural bias|eex dhaqameed]], [[gender bias on Wikipedia|eex jinsi]], iyo [[geographical bias on Wikipedia|eex juqraafi]].<ref name="Ackerly-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Ackerly |first1=Brooke A. |last2=Michelitch |first2=Kristin |date=2022 |title=Wikipedia and Political Science: Addressing Systematic Biases with Student Initiatives |journal=PS: Political Science & Politics |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.1017/S1049096521001463 |s2cid=247795102 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Beytía |first=Pablo |title=Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020 |chapter=The Positioning Matters |date=April 20, 2020 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3383569 |series=WWW '20 |location=New York |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=806–810 |doi=10.1145/3366424.3383569 |isbn=978-1-4503-7024-0 |s2cid=218523099 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132221/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3366424.3383569 |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo eex ah, kuwaas oo ah ''dhab ah'' (marka mowduuc laga tago) iyo ''cad'' (marka POV gaar ah si xad dhaaf ah loogu matalo maqaal ama tixraacyo dhexdiisa).<ref name="Hube2017" /> Qiimaynta tacliimeed ee anshaxa u dhexeysa ee maqaallada Wikipedia waxay ogaatay in inkasta oo maqaallada ay inta badan yihiin kuwo sax ah oo ka madax bannaan macluumaad khaldan, haddana badanaa ma dhammaystirna mana soo bandhigaan dhammaan aragtiyaha oo wata [[neutrality (philosophy)|aragti dhex-dhexaad ah]].<ref name="Ackerly-2022" /> Sannadkii 2011, Wales wuxuu sayay in sinnaan la'aanta dabooliddu ay tahay muraayad muujinaysa tirakoobka tafatirayaasha, isagoo tusaale u soo qaatay "taariikh nololeedyada dumarka caanka ah ee taariikhda ku jira iyo arrimaha ku xeeran daryeelka carruurta hore".<ref name="wiki-women" /> Maqaalkii Oktoobar 22, 2013 ee Tom Simonite ee ka tirsanaa ''Technology Review'' ee MIT oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "The Decline of Wikipedia" wuxuu ka hadlay saamaynta eexda nidaamyeed iyo [[criticism of Wikipedia#Excessive regulation|soo dabcinta siyaasadda]] ee ku wajahan [[#English Wikipedia editor numbers|isbeddelka hoos u dhaca ee tirada tafatirayaasha]].<ref name="Simonite-2013" /> Cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen Mark Graham oo ka tirsan [[Oxford Internet Institute]] 2009 waxay muujisay in qaybinta juqraafiyadeed ee mowduucyada maqaallada ay tahay mid aan sinnayn, iyadoo Afrika ay tahay tan ugu yar ee la matelay.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Graham |first1=Mark |date=November 12, 2009 |title=Mapping the Geographies of Wikipedia Content |url=https://zerogeography.net/post/144973716228/mapping-the-geographies-of-wikipedia-content |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002051150/https://zerogeography.net/post/144973716228/mapping-the-geographies-of-wikipedia-content |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |url-status=usurped |website=Zerogeography}}</ref> Inta u dhexeysa 30 nooc oo luqadood ah oo Wikipedia ah, maqaallada taariikhiga ah iyo qaybaha waa kuwo [[Eurocentric|reer Yurub u jeeda]] oo diiradda saaraya dhacdooyinkii ugu dambeeyay.<ref>{{cite book |last=Strohmaier |first=Markus |url=https://search.gesis.org/research_data/SDN-10.7802-1411?doi=10.7802/1411 |title=Multilingual historical narratives on Wikipedia |date=March 6, 2017 |publisher=GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences |chapter=KAT50 Society, Culture |doi=10.7802/1411 |quote=Wikipedia narratives about national histories (i) are skewed towards more recent events (recency bias) and (ii) are distributed unevenly across the continents with significant focus on the history of European countries (Eurocentric bias). |access-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131023846/https://search.gesis.org/research_data/SDN-10.7802-1411 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Nuxurka Muuqda ee Qaawan === {{See also|Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia|Reporting of child pornography images on Wikimedia Commons}} {{for|the government censorship of Wikipedia|Censorship of Wikipedia}} {{self-reference|For Wikipedia's policy concerning censorship, see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not censored]]}} Wikipedia waxaa loo dhaleeceeyay in loo oggolaado macluumaadka ku saabsan nuxurka garaafka ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maxton |first=Richard |date=September 9, 2008 |title=Wikipedia attacked over porn pages |work=Macquarie Network |url=http://livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/09/09/Wikipedia_attacked_over_porn_pages |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917145158/http://livenews.com.au/Articles/2008/09/09/Wikipedia_attacked_over_porn_pages |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref> Maqaallada muujinaya waxa ay dhaleeceeyayaashu ku tilmaameen nuxur aan la aqbali karin (sida [[feces|saxaro]], [[cadaver|mayd]], [[human penis|guska bini'aadamka]], [[vulva|xubinta taranka dheddigga]], iyo qaawan) waxay ka kooban yihiin sawirro garaaf ah iyo macluumaad faahfaahsan oo si sahlan uga heli kara qof kasta oo haysta internetka, oo ay ku jiraan carruurta.<ref>Wikipedia:Sexual content/FAQ</ref> Goobta also waxaa ku jira [[sexual content|nuxur galmo]] sida sawirro iyo muuqaallo [[masturbation|is-kicin]] iyo [[ejaculation|biyo-bax]], sawirro [[zoophilia|u janjeera xayawaanka]], iyo sawirro ka yimid filimada [[hardcore pornography|pornography-ga adag]] ee maqaalladeeda. Sidoo kale waxay leedahay [[child nudity|sawirro carruur ah oo aan lahayn dhar]] oo aan ahayn kuwa galmada.<ref>Wikipedia:Sexual content</ref> Maqaalka Wikipedia ee ku saabsan ''[[Virgin Killer]]''—album 1976 ah oo ka yimid kooxda rock-ga Jarmalka [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]—wuxuu leeyahay sawir ka mid ah daboolka asalka ah ee albumka, kaas oo muujinaya gabadh yar oo [[preadolescence#Prepubescence, puberty, and age range|aan qaangaarin]] oo qaawan. Daboolkii la sii daayay ee asalka ahaa wuxuu keenay muran waxaana lagu beddelay dalal qaar. Diseembar 2008, helitaanka maqaalka Wikipedia ''Virgin Killer'' waxaa xiray afar maalmood inta badan [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]] ee Boqortooyada Midowday ka dib markii [[Internet Watch Foundation]] (IWF) ay go'aansatay in daboolka albumku uu ahaa sawir aan habboonayn oo sharci-darro ah kuna dartay URL-ka maqaalka "liiska madow" ee ay siiso bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka ee Britain.<ref name="Register ISP censorship">{{cite news |title=Brit ISPs censor Wikipedia over 'child porn' album cover |first=Cade |last=Metz |work=The Register |date=December 7, 2008 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/12/07/brit_isps_censor_wikipedia |access-date=May 10, 2009 |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513233758/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/12/07/brit_isps_censor_wikipedia/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Abriil 2010, Sanger wuxuu warqad u qoray Xafiiska Baaritaanka Federaalka (FBI), isagoo soo bandhigaya walaaciisa ah in laba qaybood oo sawirro ah oo ku jira [[Wikimedia Commons]] ay ka kooban yihiin sawirro qaawan oo carruur ah, isla markaana ay jebinayaan [[United States obscenity law|sharciga akhlaaq xumada federaalka Mareykanka]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh |title=Wikipedia rejects child porn accusation |date=April 29, 2010 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=May 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180523/https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Inquirer child abuse allegations">{{cite news |last=Farrell |first=Nick |date=April 29, 2010 |title=Wikipedia denies child abuse allegations: Co-founder grassed the outfit to the FBI |newspaper=The Inquirer |url=https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1603521/wikipedia-denies-child-abuse-allegations |access-date=October 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501174521/https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1603521/wikipedia-denies-child-abuse-allegations |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 1, 2010}}</ref> Sanger dambe wuxuu caddeeyay in sawirrada, oo la xiriiray [[pedophilia|jeclaysiga carruurta]] iyo mid ku saabsan [[lolicon]], aanay ahayn carruur dhab ah, laakiin wuxuu sheegay inay ahaayeen "matalaadaha aragtiyeed ee xun ee xadgudubka galmada ee carruurta", iyada oo hoos imaanaysa [[child pornography laws in the United States#1466A – Obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children|Sharciga Ilaalinta ee 2003 (PROTECT Act)]].<ref name="The Register-April" /> Sharcigani wuxuu mamnuucayaa pornografi-ga carruurta ee sawirrada ah iyo sawirrada kartoonada iyo sawirrada carruurta ee ah [[obscenity#United States obscenity law|kuwo xun marka loo eego sharciga Mareykanka]].<ref name="The Register-April" /> Sanger sidoo kale wuxuu muujiyay walaac ku saabsan helitaanka sawirrada Wikipedia ee dugsiyada dhexdiisa.<ref name="TET child porn accusations">{{cite news |title=Wikipedia blasts co-founder's accusations of child porn on website |date=April 29, 2010 |work=The Economic Times |location=India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech/internet/Wikipedia-blasts-co-founders-accusations-of-child-porn-on-website/articleshow/5871943.cms |access-date=April 29, 2010 |archive-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513213147/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech/internet/Wikipedia-blasts-co-founders-accusations-of-child-porn-on-website/articleshow/5871943.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Afhayeenka [[Wikimedia Foundation]] Jay Walsh ayaa si adag u diiday eedeynta Sanger,<ref name="AFP" /> isagoo leh Wikipedia ma lahayn "agab aan u aragno inuu yahay mid sharci-darro ah. Haddii aan haysan lahayn, waanu ka saari lahayn."<ref name="AFP" /> Ka dib cabashadii ka timid Sanger, Wales wuxuu tirtiray sawirrada galmada iyadoon la tashan bulshada. Ka dib markii tafatirayaasha mutadawiciinta ah ay ku doodeen in go'aanka la qaatay si degdeg ah, Wales wuxuu si ikhtiyaari ah uga tanaasulay qaar ka mid ah awoodaha uu haystay qayb ka mid ah xaaladdiisa aasaasaha. Wuxuu ku qoray fariin ku socota liiska iimaylka ee Wikimedia Foundation in falkan uu ahaa "iyadoo la eegayo danaha dhiirigelinta wadahadalkan inuu noqdo mid ku saabsan arrimaha dhabta ah ee falsafada/nuxurka, halkii ay ka noqon lahayd aniga iyo sida aan u dhaqmay si degdeg ah".<ref name="BBC News Wales cedes rights">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10104946.stm |title=Wikimedia pornography row deepens as Wales cedes rights |work=BBC News |date=May 10, 2010 |access-date=May 19, 2010 |archive-date=May 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513075509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10104946.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> Dhaleeceeyayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan [[Wikipediocracy]], ayaa ogaaday in badan oo ka mid ah sawirrada qaawan ee laga tirtiray Wikipedia ilaa 2010 ay dib u soo muuqdeen.<ref name="XBIZ">{{cite news |last=Gray |first=Lila |date=September 17, 2013 |title=Wikipedia Gives Porn aBreak |work=XBIZ.com |url=https://newswire.xbiz.com/view.php?id=169017 |access-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021064635/https://newswire.xbiz.com/view.php?id=169017 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref> === Qarinshada Xogta Shakhsiga ah === Hal walaac oo [[privacy|sir ah]] ku saabsan kiiska Wikipedia wuxuu khuseeyaa xuquuqda qofka ee ah inuu ahaado [[private citizen|muwaadin gaar ah]] halkii uu ka noqon lahaa [[public figure|qof dadweyne ah]] indhaha sharciga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McStay |first1=Andrew |title=Privacy and Philosophy: New Media and Affective Protocol |date=2014 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4541-9163-6 |doi=10.3726/978-1-4539-1336-9 |series=Digital Formation |volume=86}}</ref>{{efn|See [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130081035/https://texaspress.com/index.php/publications/law-media/731-law-a-the-media-in-texas--libel-cases "Libel"] by David McHam for the legal distinction.}} Waa dagaal u dhexeeya xuquuqda lagu noqon karo mid aan la aqoon [[cyberspace|meelaha internetka]] iyo xuquuqda lagu noqon karo mid aan la aqoon [[real life|nolosha dhabta ah]]. Siyaasadda [[privacy policy|sirta]] ee Wikimedia Foundation waxay leedahay, "waxaan aaminsanahay inaadan bixin inta badan macluumaadka shakhsiga ah si aad uga qaybqaadato dhaqdhaqaaqa aqoonta xorta ah", waxayna sheegaysaa in "macluumaadka shakhsiga ah" la wadaagi karo "Sababo sharci darro ah", "Si Loogu Ilaaliyo Adiga, Naftaada & Dadka Kalena", ama "Si loo Fahmo & Tijaabiyo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy policy |url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131204008/https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy |url-status=live}}</ref> Jannaayo 2006, maxkamad Jarmal ah waxay amar ku bixisay in [[German Wikipedia]] la xiro gudaha Jarmalka sababtoo ah waxay sheegtay magaca buuxa ee [[Tron (hacker)|Boris Floricic]], aka "Tron", oo ahaa haker dhintay. Febraayo 9, 2006, amarka ka dhanka ahaa Wikimedia Deutschland waa la rogey, iyadoo maxkamaddu ay diiday fikradda ah in [[right to privacy|xuquuqda sirta]] ee Tron ama tan waalidkiis la jebinayay.<ref name="heise Tron public issue 1">{{cite news |last1=Kleinz |first1=Torsten |title=Gericht weist einstweilige Verfügung gegen Wikimedia Deutschland ab [Update] |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Gericht-weist-einstweilige-Verfuegung-gegen-Wikimedia-Deutschland-ab-Update-173587.html |work=Heise Online |publisher=Heinz Heise |date=September 2, 2006 |language=de |trans-title=Court rejects preliminary injunction against Wikimedia Germany [Update] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913054949/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Gericht-weist-einstweilige-Verfuegung-gegen-Wikimedia-Deutschland-ab-Update-173587.html |archive-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> Wikipedia waxay leedahay "{{visible anchor|Volunteer Response Team}}" oo isticmaasha Znuny, oo ah [[free and open-source software|softweer bilaash ah oo furan]] oo ka yimid [[OTRS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Volunteer Response Team |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_Response_Team |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202072211/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_response_team |url-status=live}}</ref> si loo maareeyo waydiimaha iyadoon la shaacin aqoonsiga dhinacyada lugta ku leh. Tan waxaa loo isticmaalaa, tusaale ahaan, xaqiijinta ogolaanshaha isticmaalka sawirrada shakhsi ahaaneed iyo warbaahinta kale ee mashruuca.<ref>{{cite web |title=OTRS – A flexible Help Desk and IT-Service Management Software |url=https://www.otrs.com/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030215341/https://www.otrs.com/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 30, 2013 |access-date=June 9, 2012 |website=Open Technology Real Services |publisher=OTRS.com}}</ref> Dhamaadkii Abriil 2023, Wikimedia Foundation waxay ku dhawaaqday in Wikipedia aysan u hoggaansami doonin wax xaqiijin ah oo da'da ah oo laga yaabo inay u baahato sharciga [[Online Safety Act 2023|Online Safety Bill]] ee UK. Rebecca MacKinnon oo ka tirsan Wikimedia Foundation waxay sheegtay in hubinta noocaas ah ay ka hor imaanayso ballanqaadka shabakadda ee ururinta xogta ugu yar ee ku saabsan dadka ku tabaruca iyo akhristayaasheeda.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-65388255 |title=Wikipedia will not perform Online Safety Bill age checks |work=BBC |date=April 28, 2023 |access-date=May 1, 2023 |archive-date=May 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501203750/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-65388255 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Takoorka Jinsiga === {{Main|Gender bias on Wikipedia}} Wikipedia waxaa lagu sifeeyay 2015 inay hoy u tahay dhaqanka garoonka dagaalka ee [[sexism|takooridda jinsiga]] iyo [[harassment|dhibaataynta]].<ref name="Paling">{{cite web |last=Paling |first=Emma |date=October 21, 2015 |title=Wikipedia's Hostility to Women |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231105811/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ |archive-date=December 31, 2022 |access-date=October 24, 2015 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Auerbach |first1=David |title=Encyclopedia Frown |url=https://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/12/wikipedia_editing_disputes_the_crowdsourced_encyclopedia_has_become_a_rancorous.html |journal=Slate |access-date=October 24, 2015 |date=December 11, 2014 |archive-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023233133/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/12/wikipedia_editing_disputes_the_crowdsourced_encyclopedia_has_become_a_rancorous.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Dulqaadka la dareemay ee luqadda cayda ah wuxuu ahaa sabab la soo bandhigay 2013 oo keentay farqiga jinsiga ee tafatirayaasha Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Murphy |first=Dan |date=August 1, 2013 |title=In UK, rising chorus of outrage over online misogyny |work=The Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2013/0801/In-UK-rising-chorus-of-outrage-over-online-misogyny |access-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201014632/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2013/0801/In-UK-rising-chorus-of-outrage-over-online-misogyny |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Edit-a-thon|Munaasabadaha tafatirka]] ayaa la qabtay si loo dhiirrigeliyo tafatirayaasha dheddigga ah loona kordhiyo daboolidda mowduucyada dumarka.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kueppers |first1=Courtney |date=March 23, 2020 |title=High Museum to host virtual Wikipedia edit-a-thon to boost entries about women |newspaper=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/high-museum-host-virtual-wikipedia-edit-thon-boost-entries-about-women/TxxMEMGWHqFfaNMpV8y9DN/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027101959/https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/high-museum-host-virtual-wikipedia-edit-thon-boost-entries-about-women/TxxMEMGWHqFfaNMpV8y9DN/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2018, tafatiraha Wikipedia ayaa diiday maqaal la soo gudbiyay oo ku saabsan [[Donna Strickland]] sababtoo ah la'aanta daboolin warbaahinta dhexdeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft:Donna Strickland |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Donna_Strickland&oldid=842614385 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114656/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Donna_Strickland&oldid=842614385 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schlanger-2018">{{Cite web |last1=Schlanger |first1=Zoë |last2=Purtill |first2=Corinne |date=October 2, 2018 |title=Wikipedia rejected an entry on a Nobel Prize winner because she wasn't famous enough |url=https://qz.com/1410909/wikipedia-had-rejected-nobel-prize-winner-donna-strickland-because-she-wasnt-famous-enough/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Quartz |archive-date=October 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025085329/https://qz.com/1410909/wikipedia-had-rejected-nobel-prize-winner-donna-strickland-because-she-wasnt-famous-enough/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shan bilood ka dib, Strickland waxay ku guuleysatay [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Abaaraha Nobel ee Fiisikisaka]] "hal-abuuro cusub oo ku saabsan aagga fiisikisaka leysarka", iyada oo noqotay haweeneydii saddexaad ee abid hesha abaalmarinta.<ref name="Schlanger-2018" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2018 |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=The Nobel Prize |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141926/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/press-release/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Kahor inta aysan ku guuleysan abaalmarinta, xuska kaliya ee Strickland ee Wikipedia wuxuu ku jiray maqaalka ku saabsan gacankaryaha iyo ku-guuleystaha lammaanaha ah ee abaalmarinta [[Gérard Mourou]].<ref name="Schlanger-2018" /> Ka-saariddeeda Wikipedia waxay horseeday eedeymo ku saabsan takooridda jinsiga, laakiin Corinne Purtill oo u qoraysa ''Quartz'' ayaa ku dooday in "ay sidoo kale cashar tilmaamaya halisaha eexda jinsiga ee warbaahinta, iyo cawaaqibta ballaaran ee matalaad la'aanta."<ref name="Purtill-2018">{{Cite web |last=Purtill |first=Corinne |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Sexism at Wikipedia feeds off the sexism in the media |url=https://qz.com/1412718/wikipedia-has-a-problem-with-sexism-so-does-the-media/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Quartz |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201022552/https://qz.com/1412718/wikipedia-has-a-problem-with-sexism-so-does-the-media |url-status=live}}</ref> Purtill waxay arrinta dusha saaraysaa eexda jinsiga ee daboolida warbaahinta.<ref name="Purtill-2018" /> Sahan dhammaystiran oo 2008 ah, oo la daabacay 2016, oo ay sameeyeen Julia B. Bear oo ka tirsan Kulliyadda Ganacsiga ee [[Stony Brook University]] iyo Benjamin Collier oo ka tirsan [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ayaa ogaaday kala duwanaansho weyn oo jinsiga ah oo ku saabsan kalsoonida khibradda, raaxo-darrada tafatirka, iyo jawaabta celceliska naqdiyaha. "Haweenku waxay soo sheegeen kalsooni yar oo ku saabsan khibradooda, waxay muujiyeen raaxo-darro weyn oo ku saabsan tafatirka (oo inta badan ku lug leh khilaaf), waxayna soo sheegeen jawaab celin taban oo dheeraad ah marka loo eego ragga."<ref>{{cite journal |author-first1=Julia B. |author-last1=Bear |author-first2=Benjamin |author-last2=Collier |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia ? – Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |publisher=Springer Science |date=January 4, 2016 |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625 |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 27, 2021 |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027122538/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |url-status=live}}</ref> === ''Nine Theses'' === ''"Nine Theses"'' waxay tilmaamaysaa soo jeedin dib-u-habeyn oo uu daabacay Larry Sanger Oktoob 2025. Sanger's ''Nine Theses'' ee ku saabsan Wikipedia waxay soo bandhigaysaa qiimeyn naqdi ah iyo ajandaha dib-u-habeynta ee Wikipedia. Soo jeedintu waa qayb ka mid ah dadaalkiisa ballaaran ee wax looga qabanayo waxa Sanger u arko inay yihiin arrimo nidaamyeed oo ka dhex jira Wikipedia, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin eex fikradeed, daahfurnaan la'aan ku jirta hab-maamuuska tafatirayaasha, iyo habraac go'aan-qaadasho oo ku saleysan is-afgarad oo aan waxtar lahayn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-04 |title=Wikipedia Co-Founder Unveils Plan To Fix Website's Biased 'Engine of Defamation' |url=https://www.nysun.com/article/wikipedia-co-founder-unveils-plan-to-fix-websites-biased-engine-of-defamation |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=The New York Sun |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Nine Theses on Wikipedia |url=https://larrysanger.org/nine-theses/ |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=LarrySanger.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Howlgalka == === Wikimedia Foundation iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Xiriirka La Leh === {{Main|Wikimedia Foundation}} [[File:Sue Gardner during her presentation at Wikimania 2013.jpg|thumb|Sue Gardner, agaasimaha fulinta ee ugu horreeyay, 2013 at [[Wikimania]]]] Wikipedia waxaa martigeliya oo maalgeliya [[Wikimedia Foundation]], oo ah hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo sidoo kale maamusha mashaariicda la xiriira Wikipedia sida [[Wiktionary]] iyo [[Wikibooks]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Projects |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |date=May 30, 2018 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=October 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011065720/https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Hay'addu waxay ku tiirsan tahay tabarucaadka dadweynaha iyo deeqaha si ay u maalgeliso hawlgalkeeda.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGregor |first1=Jena |title=Wikimedia's approach to coronavirus: Staffers can work 20 hours a week, get paid for full time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/17/wikimedias-approach-coronavirus-staffers-can-work-20-hours-week-get-paid-full-time/ |access-date=February 25, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 17, 2020 |archive-date=April 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421031242/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/17/wikimedias-approach-coronavirus-staffers-can-work-20-hours-week-get-paid-full-time/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="financialstatements">{{cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. – Consolidated Financial Statements – June 30, 2022 and 2021 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/26/Wikimedia_Foundation_FY2021-2022_Audit_Report.pdf |access-date=June 5, 2016 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/2/26/Wikimedia_Foundation_FY2021-2022_Audit_Report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Form 990|Foomka 990]] ee Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha ee hay'adda ee 2020 wuxuu muujinayaa dakhli dhan $124.6 milyan iyo kharash dhan ku dhowaad $112.2 milyan, iyadoo hantidu ay tahay qiyaastii $191.2 milyan iyo deyn dhan ku dhowaad $11 milyan.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Wikimedia Foundation 2020 Form 990 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/e/e4/Wikimedia_Foundation_2020_Form_990.pdf |access-date=October 14, 2014 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524102009/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/e/e4/Wikimedia_Foundation_2020_Form_990.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2014, Wikimedia Foundation waxay u magacowday [[Lila Tretikov]] agaasimaha fulinta ee labaad, iyada oo la wareegaysa Sue Gardner.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Press releases/WMF announces new ED Lila Tretikov |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/WMF_announces_new_ED_Lila_Tretikov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503035438/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/WMF_announces_new_ED_Lila_Tretikov |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=June 14, 2014 |website=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'' ayaa werisay Maajo 1, 2014, in khibradda tignoolajiyada macluumaadka ee Tretikov, ee ka timid sanadadeeda Jaamacadda California ay siinaysaa Wikipedia Soomaaliga fursad ay ku horumariso jihooyin aad u urursan oo uu hagayo bayaankeeda mowqifka ah ee soo noqnoqday oo ah, "Macluumaadka, sida hawada, wuxuu doonayaa inuu noqdo mid xor ah."<ref name="Jeff Elder 2014">{{Cite news |last=Elder |first=Jeff |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Wikipedia's New Chief: From Soviet Union to World's Sixth-Largest Site |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-34824 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201172213/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-34824 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Media: Open-Source Software Specialist Selected as Executive Director of Wikipedia |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/02/business/media/open-source-software-specialist-selected-as-executive-director-of-wikipedia.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229040015/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/02/business/media/open-source-software-specialist-selected-as-executive-director-of-wikipedia.html?_r=0 |archive-date=December 29, 2022}}</ref> Isla maqaalkii Wall Street Journal ayaa weriyay jihooyinka horumarinta ee ku saleysan waraysi la yeeshay afhayeenka Jay Walsh ee Wikimedia, kaasoo "sheegay in Tretikov ay wax ka qaban doonto arrintaas ([[conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia|tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo]]) mudnaan ahaan. 'Waxaan si dhab ah ugu riixeynaa dhanka daahfurnaan dheeraad ah... Waxaan xoojineynaa in tafatirka u doodista ee la bixiyo aan la soo dhoweyn.' Hindisayaasha lagu lug yeesho kala duwanaansho weyn oo tabarucaad ah, taageero mobayl oo wanaagsan oo Wikipedia Soomaaliga ah, qalab cusub oo juqraafi ah si loo helo nuxurka maxalliga ah si sahlan, iyo qalab badan oo loogu talagalay isticmaaleyaasha adduunka labaad iyo saddexaad sidoo kale waa mudnaanaha," ayuu yiri Walsh.<ref name="Jeff Elder 2014" /> Ka dib bixitaankii Tretikov ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga sababtoo ah arrimaha ku saabsan adeegsiga sifooyinka "ilaalinta sare" ee noocyada luqadaha qaar ee Wikipedia ay qaateen,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neotarf |author-link=User:Neotarf |date=August 13, 2014 |title=Media Viewer controversy spreads to German Wikipedia |work=The Signpost |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-08-13/News_and_notes |access-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125043521/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2014-08-13/News_and_notes |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Katherine Maher]] waxay noqotay agaasimaha fulinta ee saddexaad ee Wikimedia Foundation bishii Juun 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lorente |first=Patricio |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees welcomes Katherine Maher as interim Executive Director |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2016/03/16/board-welcomes-katherine-maher/ |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2016/03/16/board-welcomes-katherine-maher/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Maher waxay sheegtay in mid ka mid ah mudnaanteeda uu noqon doono arrinta dhibaataynta tafatiraha ee ku baahsan Wikipedia Soomaaliga sidii ay aqoonsatay guddiga Wikipedia bishii Diseembar. Waxay u sheegtay ''Bloomberg Businessweek'' oo ku saabsan arrinta dhibaataynta in: "Waxay ka dhisaysaa dareen bulshada dhexdeeda ah in tani ay tahay mudnaan... [iyo in saxitaanku u baahan yahay in] ay noqoto mid ka badan erayo."<ref name="Bloomberg 2016" /> Maher waxay u adeegtay agaasime ful ita ilaa Abriil 2021.<ref name=axios>{{cite web |url=https://www.axios.com/exclusive-the-end-of-the-maher-era-at-wikipedia-c1ed1408-bab7-4308-9407-db093e24c80d.html |title=Exclusive: End of the Maher era at Wikipedia |first=Felix |last=Salmon |website=Axios |date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=April 16, 2021 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204180613/https://www.axios.com/exclusive-the-end-of-the-maher-era-at-wikipedia-c1ed1408-bab7-4308-9407-db093e24c80d.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maryana Iskander]] waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa fulinta ee imanaya bishii Sebtembar 2021, waxayna la wareegtay doorkaas bishii Jannaayo 2022. Waxay sheegtay in mid ka mid ah diiraddeeda ay noqon doonto kordhinta kala duwanaanshaha bulshada Wikimedia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lima |first=Cristiano |date=September 14, 2021 |title=Wikimedia taps leader of South African nonprofit as its next CEO |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/14/wikipedia-maryana-iskander-ceo/ |access-date=September 14, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=September 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914162044/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/14/wikipedia-maryana-iskander-ceo/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Iskander waxay shaqaynaysay ilaa Jannaayo 2026, markaas oo [[Bernadette Meehan]] ay la wareegtay xilka Agaasimaha Fulinta. Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxaa kaloo taageera ururo iyo kooxo badan oo xiriir la leh Wikimedia Foundation laakiin si madaxbannaan u shaqeeya, oo lagu magacaabo [[Wikimedia movement affiliates|laamaha dhaqdhaqaaqa Wikimedia]]. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[list of Wikimedia chapters|laamaha Wikimedia]] (kuwaas oo ah ururo qaran ama hoose, sida Wikimedia Deutschland iyo Wikimedia France), ururada mawduuca (sida Amical Wikimedia ee bulshada [[Catalan language|luqadda Katalanka]]), iyo kooxaha isticmaaleyaasha. Laamahani waxay ka qaybqaataan dhiirrigelinta, horumarinta, iyo maalgelinta Wikipedia Soomaaliga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia chapters |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_chapters |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |archive-date=November 12, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112001834/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_chapters |url-status=live}}</ref> === Hawlgallada Sofweerka iyo Taageerada === {{See also|MediaWiki}} Hawlgalka Wikipedia Soomaaliga wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[MediaWiki]], oo ah madal [[wiki software|softweer wiki]] ah oo la sameeyay, [[free software|bilaash ah]] iyo furan oo lagu qoray [[PHP]] isla markaana lagu dhisay nidaamka xog-ururinta [[MySQL]].<ref name="nedworks database system">{{cite web |url=https://www.nedworks.org/~mark/presentations/san/Wikimedia%20architecture.pdf |title=Wikimedia Architecture |first=Mark |last=Bergsma |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=June 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204708/https://www.nedworks.org/~mark/presentations/san/Wikimedia%20architecture.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 3, 2009}}</ref> Sofweerku wuxuu ku darayaa sifooyin barnaamijyeed sida [[macro (computer science)|luqadda makro]], [[variable (programming)|doorsoomayaal]], nidaam [[transclusion|tallaalid]] oo loogu talagalay [[web template system|shabakadaha]], iyo [[URL redirection|leexinta URL]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MediaWiki Features |url=https://www.wikimatrix.org/show/mediawiki |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=WikiMatrix |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202020544/https://www.wikimatrix.org/show/mediawiki |url-status=live}}</ref> MediaWiki waxaa lagu shatiyeeyey [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL) waxaana isticmaala dhammaan mashaariicda Wikimedia, iyo sidoo kale mashaariicda kale ee wiki ee badan.<ref name="nedworks database system" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Project:Copyrights |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Copyrights&oldid=262877 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=MediaWiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022061355/https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Project:Copyrights&oldid=262877 |url-status=live}}</ref> Asal ahaan, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ku shaqaynaysay [[UseModWiki]] oo ay ku qortay [[Perl]] Clifford Adams (Wejigii I), kaas oo bilowgii u baahnaa [[Camel case|CamelCase]] xiriirinta maqaallada; qaabka labajibbaaran ee hadda la isticmaalo waxaa la daray dambe. Laga bilaabo Jannaayo 2002 (Wejigii II), Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay bilowday inay ku shaqeyso mashiinka [[PhpWiki|PHP wiki]] oo wata xog-ururin MySQL; softweerkan waxaa u sameeyay Wikipedia Soomaaliga [[Magnus Manske]]. Softweerka Wejigii II waxaa lagu celceliyay in wax laga beddelo si loo waafajiyo baahida [[exponential growth|si xad dhaaf ah u kordheysa]]. Luuliyo 2002 (Wejigii III), Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay u wareegtay softweerka jiilka saddexaad, MediaWiki, oo asal ahaan uu qoray [[Lee Daniel Crocker]]. Kordhintiyada MediaWiki ee dhowr ah ayaa la rakibay si loo kordhiyo shaqada softweerka MediaWiki.<ref name="WP extensions installed">[[Special:Version]]</ref> Abriil 2005, kordhin [[Apache Lucene|Lucene]] ah<ref>{{cite web |last=Snow |first=Michael |date=April 18, 2005 |title=Internal search function returns to service |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-04-18/Lucene_search |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=July 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731211712/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-04-18/Lucene_search |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |title=[Wikitech-l&#93; Lucene search |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2005-April/016297.html |access-date=February 26, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=March 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330033506/http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2005-April/016297.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ayaa lagu daray raadinta ku dhex jirta MediaWiki waana Wikipedia Soomaaliga ay ka beddeshay MySQL oo u wareegtay Lucene raadinta. Lucene waxaa dambe lagu beddelay CirrusSearch oo ku salaysan [[Elasticsearch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extension:CirrusSearch |url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CirrusSearch |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=MediaWiki |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413230335/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CirrusSearch |url-status=live}}</ref> Luuliyo 2013, ka dib tijaabo beta oo ballaaran, kordhin [[WYSIWYG]] ah (Waxa aad aragto waa waxa aad hesho), [[VisualEditor]], ayaa loo furay isticmaalka dadweynaha.<ref name="thenextwebve">{{cite news |last=Protalinski |first=Emil |date=July 2, 2013 |title=Wikimedia rolls out WYSIWYG visual editor for logged-in users accessing Wikipedia articles in English |newspaper=TNW |url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/07/02/wikimedia-rolls-out-its-wysiwyg-visual-editor-for-logged-in-users-accessing-wikipedia-articles-in-english/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705200158/http://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/07/02/wikimedia-rolls-out-its-wysiwyg-visual-editor-for-logged-in-users-accessing-wikipedia-articles-in-english/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/10196578/Wikipedia-introduces-new-features-to-entice-editors.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/10196578/Wikipedia-introduces-new-features-to-entice-editors.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |title=Wikipedia introduces new features to entice editors |author-last1=Curtis |author-first1=Sophie |date=July 23, 2013 |access-date=August 18, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="TheEconomistVE">{{cite news |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/12/changes-wikipedia |title=Changes at Wikipedia: Seeing things |author=L. M. |date=December 13, 2011 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-date=June 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609185354/http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/12/changes-wikipedia |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxaa lala kulmay diidmo iyo dhaleeceyn badan, waxaana lagu sifeeyay mid "gaabis ah oo cilladaysan".<ref name="Orlowski, Andrew">{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/01/wikipedians_reject_wysiwyg_editor/ |title=Wikipedians say no to Jimmy's 'buggy' WYSIWYG editor |author-last1=Orlowski |author-first1=Andrew |date=August 1, 2013 |website=The Register |access-date=August 18, 2013 |archive-date=August 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804115056/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/01/wikipedians_reject_wysiwyg_editor |url-status=live}}</ref> Sifada waxaa markii dambe laga beddelay mid la diidi karo oo la geliyay mid la dooran karo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forrester |first=James |date=April 25, 2013 |title=The alpha version of the VisualEditor is now in 15 languages |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/04/25/visualeditor-alpha-in-15-languages/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/04/25/visualeditor-alpha-in-15-languages/ |url-status=live}}</ref> === Tafatirka Otomaatiga ah === {{Main|Wikipedia bots}} Barnaamijyada kombuyuutarka ee loo yaqaan [[Internet bot|bot-yada]] waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu qabto hawlo fudud oo soo noqnoqda, sida sixitaanka hingaadyada caadiga ah iyo arrimaha hab-qoraalka, ama in la bilaabo maqaallo sida gelitaanka juqraafiyada ee qaab caadi ah oo ka yimid xogta tirakoobka.<ref>Wikipedia:Bots</ref><ref name="meetbots">{{cite news |last=Nasaw |first=Daniel |date=July 24, 2012 |title=Meet the 'bots' that edit Wikipedia |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18892510 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728024625/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18892510 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |author-last2=Arthur |author-first2=Charles |title=Boot up: The Wikipedia vandalism police, Apple analysts, and more |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2012/jul/26/boot-up-wikipedia-apple |newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 26, 2012 |access-date=September 5, 2012 |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220203949/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2012/jul/26/boot-up-wikipedia-apple |url-status=live}}</ref> Hal qoraa oo muran dhaliyay, [[Sverker Johansson]], wuxuu abuuray maqaallo wata bot-kiisa [[Lsjbot]], kaas oo la weriyay inuu abuuray ilaa 10,000 oo maqaallo ah Swedish Wikipedia maalmo gaar ah.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jervell |first=Ellen Emmerentze |date=July 13, 2014 |title=For This Author, 10,000 Wikipedia Articles Is a Good Day's Work |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/for-this-author-10-000-wikipedia-articles-is-a-good-days-work-1405305001 |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=August 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127185020/https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-this-author-10-000-wikipedia-articles-is-a-good-days-work-1405305001 |archive-date=January 27, 2023}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira bot-yo loogu talagalay inay si otomaatig ah ugu ogeysiiyaan tafatirayaasha marka ay sameeyaan khaladaadka tafatirka ee caadiga ah (sida oraahyada aan u dhigmin ama qaybaha aan u dhigmin).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aude |date=March 23, 2009 |title=Abuse Filter is enabled |work=The Signpost |publisher=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-03-23/Abuse_Filter |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322114624/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2009-03-23/Abuse_Filter |url-status=live}}</ref> Tafatirada si khaldan u aqoonsan bot-yada inay yihiin shaqada tafatiraha la mamnuucay waxaa soo celin kara tafatirayaasha kale. Bot-ka ka hortagga burburinta waxaa loo barnaamijyeeyay inuu ogaado oo uu si dhakhso leh u soo celiyo burburinta.<ref name="meetbots" /> Bot-yada waxay awoodaan inay muujiyaan tafatirada xisaabaadka gaarka ah ama kala duwanaanshaha [[IP address|ciwaanka IP]], sida ka dhacay xilligii la soo riday [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17|duulimaadka Malaysia Airlines 17 (MH17)]] Luuliyo 2014 marka la weriyay in tafatirada lagu sameeyay IP-yada uu maamulayo dowladda Ruushka.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 21, 2014 |title=MH17 Wikipedia entry edited from Russian government IP address |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-stream/2014/7/21/mh17-wikipedia-entry-edited-from-russian-government-ip-address |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116002928/https://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201407211855-0023944 |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |access-date=July 22, 2014 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Bot-yada Wikipedia waa in la oggolaadaa ka hor intaan la hawlgelin.<ref>Wikipedia:Bot policy</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Andrew Lih]], ballaarinta hadda ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga ee malaayiinka maqaallo ah waxay noqon lahayd mid adag in la sawiro iyada oo aan la isticmaalin bot-yadaas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lih |first=Andrew |title=The Wikipedia Revolution |publisher=Hachette Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4013-0371-6 |pages=99–106 |oclc=232977686}}</ref> Bishii March 2026, [[AI agent|wakiil AI ah]], Tom, ayaa ku tafatirey Wikipedia Soomaaliga hoostaga xisaabta TomWikiAssist. Xisaabta waxaa laga xiray inay tahay bot aan la oggolayn.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.404media.co/an-ai-agent-was-banned-from-creating-wikipedia-articles-then-wrote-angry-blogs-about-being-banned/ |website=404 Media |url-access=registration |title=An AI Agent Was Banned From Creating Wikipedia Articles, Then Wrote Angry Blogs About Being Banned |last=Maiberg |first=Emmanuel |date=March 30, 2026 |access-date=April 12, 2026}}</ref> === Hawlgallada Qalabka iyo Taageerada === [[File:Wikipedia webrequest 2022.png|alt=Sawirka jaantuska ee muujinaya socodka xogta ee u dhexeeya server-yada Wikipedia.|thumb|Dulmarka naqshadda nidaamka {{as of|2022|08|lc=on}}]] {{As of|2021|post=,}}, codsiyada bogga waxaa marka hore loo gudbiyaa lakabka hore ee server-yada kaydinta [[Varnish (software)|Varnish]] waxaana kaydinta dambe lagu sameeyaa [[Apache Traffic Server]].<ref name=":14">{{cite web |title=Varnish |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Varnish |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikitech |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120040423/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Varnish |url-status=live}}</ref> Codsiyada aan laga bixin karin kaydka Varnish waxaa loo diraa server-yada culeyska dheellitira ee wada softweerka [[Linux Virtual Server]], kuwaas oo iyaguna u gudbiya mid ka mid ah server-yada shabakadda Apache si loogu sameeyo bogga xog-ururinta.<ref name=":14" /> Server-yada shabakaddu waxay bixiyaan boggaga sida looga codsado, iyagoo u sameynaya boggaga dhammaan noocyada luqadaha Wikipedia. Si loo kordhiyo xawaaraha dheeraadka ah, boggaga la sameeyay waxaa lagu kaydiyaa kayd xusuus ah oo qaybsan illaa laga tirtirayo, taas oo u oggolaanaysa boggaga inay si buuxda u dhaafeen gelitaanka bogga ugu caansan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Vitaly |date=January 12, 2021 |title=Front-End Performance Checklist 2021 (PDF, Apple Pages, MS Word) |url=https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/01/front-end-performance-2021-free-pdf-checklist/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |website=Smashing Magazine |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401164651/https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/01/front-end-performance-2021-free-pdf-checklist/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Wikipedia Soomaaliga hadda waxay ku shaqaysaa [[computer cluster|kooxo]] u go'an oo ka tirsan server-yada [[Linux]] ee wada nidaamka hawlgalka [[Debian]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debian |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Debian |access-date=April 9, 2021 |website=Wikitech |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=April 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418084905/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Debian |url-status=live}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo Jannaayo 22, 2013, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay u guurtay xarunteeda xogta aasaasiga ah xarunta [[Equinix]] ee ku taal [[Ashburn, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Palmier |first=Guillaume |date=January 19, 2013 |title=Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=July 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715011114/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/14/its-official-equinix-ashburn-is-wikimedias-home/ |title=It's Official: Ashburn is Wikipedia's New Home |first=Jason |last=Verge |publisher=Data Center Knowledge |access-date=June 5, 2016 |date=January 14, 2013 |archive-date=July 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715011703/https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/14/its-official-equinix-ashburn-is-wikimedias-home/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Xarun xogta codsiga labaad ayaa la abuuray 2014 magaalada [[Carrollton, Texas]], si loo hagaajiyo kalsoonida Wikipedia Soomaaliga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Data centers - Wikitech |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=wikitech.wikimedia.org |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129081929/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergsma |first=Mark |date=May 5, 2014 |title=Wikimedia Foundation selects CyrusOne in Dallas as new data center |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2014/05/05/wikimedia-foundation-selects-cyrusone-in-dallas-as-new-data-center/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Diff |archive-date=July 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715011353/https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/05/05/wikimedia-foundation-selects-cyrusone-in-dallas-as-new-data-center/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Labada xarun xogta waxay u shaqeeyaan sida tan aasaasiga ah, iyagoo kala beddelaya simistarrada, halka tan kalena ay u shaqeyneyso sida xarun xogta labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Switch Datacenter - Wikitech |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Switch_Datacenter |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=wikitech.wikimedia.org}}</ref> Sannadkii 2017, Wikipedia Soomaaliga waxay ku rakibtay koox kayd ah xarunta Equinix ee ku taal [[Singapore]], taasoo ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee nooceed ah ee Aasiya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156028 |title=⚓ T156028 Name Asia Cache DC site |website=Wikimedia Phabricator |access-date=May 12, 2019 |archive-date=May 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512040933/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156028 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2022, xarun xogta kaydinta ah ayaa laga furay [[Marseille]], Faransiiska.<ref>{{Cite web |title=⚓ T282787 Configure dns and puppet repositories for new drmrs datacenter |url=https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282787 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Phabricator |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114545/https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282787 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, xarun xogta kaydinta ah ayaa laga furay [[São Paulo]], taas oo ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee nooceed ah ee Koonfurta Ameerika.<ref name="Magru">{{cite web |date=July 26, 2024 |title=The journey to open our first data center in South America |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/ |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921054425/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/ |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2024|11|post=,}}, kooxaha kaydinta waxay ku yaalliin [[Amsterdam]], San Francisco, Singapore, Marseille, iyo São Paulo.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia servers |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |date=April 22, 2013 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120023847/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Data centers |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikitech |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230229081929/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_centers |url-status=live}}</ref> === Cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta hawlgelinta === Ka dib kororka tirada deeqaha soo galaya 2013 ee ka batay toddobo tiro,<ref name="Simonite-2013" /> Aasaaska ayaa gaaray heer hanti ah oo u qalma tixgelintiisa hoos imaanaysa mabaadi'da [[industrial organization|dhaqaalaha ururinta warshadaha]] si loo muujiyo baahida loo qabo in deeqaha dib loogu maalgashado cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta Aasaaska.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Frederic M. |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496716 |title=Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance |date=2009 |publisher=Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship, [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] |ssrn=1496716 |author1-link=Frederic M. Scherer |access-date=February 2, 2023 |orig-date=1970 |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132257/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496716 |url-status=live}}</ref> Labada mashruuc ee cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarintaas waxay ahaayeen abuuritaanka Tafatiraha Muuqda (Visual Editor) iyo tabka "Mahad" ee taariikhda tafatirka, kuwaas oo la horumariyay si loo hagaajiyo dhibaatooyinka ka bixitaanka tafatirayaasha.<ref name="Simonite-2013" /><ref name="Orlowski, Andrew" /> Qiyaasta dib-u-maalgelinta ee ururada warshadaha ee cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta waxaa bartay [[Adam B. Jaffe|Adam Jaffe]], kaas oo diiwaangeliyay in inta u dhexeysa 4% ilaa 25% sanad walba lagu talinayo, iyadoo tignoolajiyada heerka sarreysa ay u baahan tahay heerka sare ee taageerada dib-u-maalgelinta gudaha.<ref name="Trajtenberg-2002">{{Cite book |last1=Trajtenberg |first1=Manuel |url=https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/2593/Patents-Citations-and-InnovationsA-Window-on-the |title=Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy |last2=Jaffe |first2=Adam B. |year=2002 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-27623-8 |pages=89–153 |doi=10.7551/mitpress/5263.001.0001 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174803/https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/2593/Patents-Citations-and-InnovationsA-Window-on-the |url-status=live}}</ref> Heerka deeqaha ee 2013 ee Wikimedia ee hadda la dokumentay oo ah 45 milyan oo doollar,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Peters |first1=David |last2=Walsh |first2=Jay |year=2013 |title=Wikimedia Foundation 2012–13 Annual Report |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Wmf_AR12_v11_SHIP_2pp_hyper_14jan14.pdf |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Wmf_AR12_v11_SHIP_2pp_hyper_14jan14.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> heerka miisaaniyadda ee la xisaabiyay ee uu Jaffe ku taliyay ee dib loogu maalgashado cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta waa inta u dhexeysa 1.8 milyan iyo 11.3 milyan oo doollar sanad walba.<ref name="Trajtenberg-2002" /> Sannadkii 2019, heerka deeqaha waxaa Wikimedia Foundation ku warrantay inuu ahaa $120 milyan sanad walba,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=2019 to 2020 Annual Report – Statement of Activities – Audited (July 1, 2019 – June 30, 2020) |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/annualreport/2020-annual-report/financials/#section-2 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174803/https://wikimediafoundation.org/about/annualreport/2020-annual-report/financials/#section-2 |url-status=live}}</ref> taasoo cusbooneysiinaysa qiyaasaha Jaffe ee heerka sare ee taageerada inta u dhexeysa $3.08 milyan iyo $19.2 milyan sanad walba.<ref name="Trajtenberg-2002" /> === Daabacadaha Warka ee Gudaha === {{Main|The Signpost{{!}}''The Signpost''}} Mashaariicda badan ee Wikimedia waxay leeyihiin daabacado wararka gudaha ah. Wargeyska khadka ah ee [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] ''[[The Signpost]]'' waxaa la aasaasay 2005 waxaa aasaasay Michael Snow, oo ahaa maamule Wikipedia ah oo ku biiray guddiga maamulka Wikimedia Foundation 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Caroline |date=July 18, 2008 |title=Wikimedia Foundation edits its board of trustees |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/wikimedia-foundation-edits-its-board-of-trustees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301224408/https://www.cnet.com/news/wikimedia-foundation-edits-its-board-of-trustees/ |archive-date=March 1, 2016 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=CNET}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=March 5, 2007 |title=A Contributor to Wikipedia Has His Fictional Side |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05wikipedia.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113161523/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05wikipedia.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1 |archive-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> Daabacaddani waxay ka hadashaa wararka iyo dhacdooyinka ka socda Wikipedia Soomaaliga, Wikimedia Foundation, iyo [[Wikimedia Foundation#Projects and initiatives|mashaariicda walaalaha ah ee Wikipedia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/About |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/About |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610122656/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/About |url-status=live}}</ref> === Maktabada Wikipedia === {{For|information for Wikipedia editors|Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library|selfref=yes}} [[File:Wikipedia Library owl.svg|thumb|upright|Astaanta Maktabadda Wikipedia|alt=Astaanta Maktabadda Wikipedia]] Tafatirayaasha Wikipedia Soomaaliga mararka qaarkood waxay la dhibtoonayaan inay helaan ilaha lacagta ku xiran ee looga baahan yahay in lagu hagaajiyo mawduuc.{{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=64}} Maktabada Wikipedia waa il khayraad oo loogu talagalay tafatirayaasha Wikipedia taas oo bixisa helitaanka bilaashka ah ee noocyo kala duwan oo ah [[electronic publishing|daabacadaha digital-ka ah]], si ay u tashadaan oo ay u xigtaan kuwan iyagoo tafatiraya ensiklabeediyada.<ref name="orlowitz">{{cite journal |last1=Orlowitz |first1=Jake |date=January 2018 |title=The Wikipedia Library: the biggest encyclopedia needs a digital library and we are building it |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327963422 |journal=JLIS.it |volume=9 |issue=3 |doi=10.4403/jlis.it-12505 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |via=ResearchGate |archive-date=April 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428132509/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327963422_The_wikipedia_library_The_biggest_encyclopedia_needs_a_digital_library_and_we_are_building_it |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bna">{{cite news |last1=The British Newspaper Archive |date=July 18, 2014 |title=Working with Wikipedia to bring history facts to light |work=British Newspaper Archive |url=https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2014/07/18/working-with-wikipedia-to-bring-history-facts-to-light/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113161528/https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2014/07/18/working-with-wikipedia-to-bring-history-facts-to-light/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxaa la aasaasay 2010 markii [[Credo Reference]] ay ku deeqday 500 oo xisaabood oo bilaash ah, waxaa si dhow u raacay in ka badan 4,500 oo xisaabood oo ay ku deeqeen [[HighBeam Research]] (oo xirmay 2018), [[Questia Online Library]] (oo xirmay 2020), [[JSTOR]], iyo [[Cochrane Library]].<ref name="LJ 2014">{{cite web |title=Librarypedia: The Future of Libraries and Wikipedia |work=Library Journal |date=January 25, 2014 |access-date=2026-10-20 |url=https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/librarypedia-the-future-of-libraries-and-wikipedia}}</ref> Sannadkii 2013, Wikimedia Foundation waxay bilowday in ay maalgeliso barnaamijka iyada oo loo marayo deeqaha.<ref name="LJ 2014" /> Tan iyo markaas, in ka badan 60 daabacayaal ayaa la gashay iskaashi Maktabada Wikipedia si ay u bixiyaan helitaanka ilahooda: markii [[ICE Publishing]] ay ku biirtay 2020, afhayeen ayaa yiri "Adoo u oggolaanaya helitaanka bilaashka ah ee nuxurkayaga tafatirayaasha Wikipedia, waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan horumarino ilaha bulshada cilmi-baarista - abuurista iyo cusboonays entendimento maqaallada Wikipedia ee injineerniyada madaniga ah kuwaas oo ay akhriyaan kumanaan akhristayaal ah bil kasta."<ref name="hall">{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Sam |date=June 24, 2020 |title=ICE Publishing partners with The Wikipedia Library |url=https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/page/ice-news/106-wikipedia-library |access-date=October 26, 2021 |website=ICE Virtual Library |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113161530/https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/page/ice-news/106-wikipedia-library |url-status=live}}</ref> == Helitaanka Nuxurka == === Shatiga Nuxurka === Markii mashruucu bilaabmay 2001, dhammaan qoraallada Wikipedia waxaa daboolay [[GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL), oo ah shati [[copyleft|kopileft]] ah oo u oggolaanaya qaybinta dib u dhaca, abuurista shaqooyinka ka dhashay, iyo isticmaalka ganacsiga ee nuxurka halka qorayaashu ay haystaan xuquuqda daabacaadda shaqadooda.<ref name="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Wikipedia:Copyrights</ref> GFDL waxaa loo abuuray buug-gacmeedyada softweerka ee la socda barnaamijyada [[free software|softweerka bilaashka ah]] ee lagu shatiyeeyey [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]. Tani waxay ka dhigtay mid aan u fiicnayn shaqada tixraaca guud: tusaale ahaan, GFDL waxay u baahan tahay in dib-u-daabacaadda agabka Wikipedia ay la timaado koobi buuxda oo ah qoraalka GFDL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=GNU Operating System |publisher=Free Software Foundation |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318014154/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Diseembar 2002, [[Creative Commons license|shatiga Creative Commons]] waa la sii daayay; waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay shaqooyinka hal-abuurka ah guud ahaan, ee ma aha oo kaliya buug-gacmeedyada softweerka. Mashruuca Wikipedia wuxuu raadiyay inuu u beddelo Creative Commons.<ref name="WPF switch to CC">{{cite web |last=Vermeir |first=Walter |date=December 1, 2007 |title=Resolution:License update |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |access-date=December 4, 2007 |website=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903084619/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Resolution:License_update |url-status=live}}</ref> Sababtoo ah GFDL iyo Creative Commons ma aysan aheyn kuwo is waafaqsan, Noofambar 2008, ka dib codsigii mashruuca, [[Free Software Foundation]] (FSF) waxay sii daysay nooc cusub oo GFDL ah oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu oggolaado Wikipedia inay dib u shatiyeyso nuxurkeeda una beddesho CC BY-SA August 1, 2009.<ref>Wikipedia:Licensing update</ref> Abriil 2009, Wikipedia iyo mashaariicdeeda walaalaha ah waxay qabteen afti bulshada oo dhan ah, taas oo go'aamisay beddelidda June 2009.<ref name="voteresult" /><ref name="MW licensing QA">{{cite web |title=Licensing update/Questions and Answers |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Questions_and_Answers |access-date=February 15, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716170801/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Questions_and_Answers |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MW licensing timeline 1">{{cite web |title=Licensing_update/Timeline |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline |access-date=April 5, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki |archive-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817062932/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Licensing_update/Timeline |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WP blog license migration">{{cite web |last=Walsh |first=Jay |date=May 21, 2009 |title=Wikimedia community approves license migration |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/05/21/wikimedia-community-approves-license-migration |access-date=May 21, 2009 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=January 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042618/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/05/21/wikimedia-community-approves-license-migration/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Maareynta faylasha warbaahinta (tusaale, faylasha sawirka) waa kuwo ku kala duwan noocyada luqadaha. Noocyada luqadaha qaar, sida Wikipedia Soomaaliga, waxay ku jiraan faylal sawireed aan xor ahayn oo hoos imaanaya mabda'a [[fair use|isticmaalka caddaaladda]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia:Non-free content |url=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127162916/https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content |url-status=live}}</ref> halka kuwa kalena ay doorteen anay sameyn, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah la'aanta mabaadi'da isticmaalka caddaaladda ee dalalkooda hooyo (tusaale sharciga xuquuqda daabacaadda ee Japan). Faylasha warbaahinta ee uu daboolayo shatiga [[free content|nuxurka xorta ah]] (tusaale [[Creative Commons]]' [[CC BY-SA]]) waxaa lagu wadaagaa noocyada luqadaha iyada oo la marinayo keydka [[Wikimedia Commons]], oo ah mashruuc ay maamusho Wikimedia Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commons:Fair use |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Fair_use |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |archive-date=January 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131061136/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Fair_use |url-status=live}}</ref> Qaabilaadda Wikipedia ee sharciyada xuquuqda daabacaadda caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan sawirada waxay keentay in qaar ay ogaadaan in dabooliddeeda sawir-qaadista ee mowduucyada ay ka dambeyso tayada qoraalka ensiklabeediyada.<ref name="NYT photos on WP">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=July 19, 2009 |title=Wikipedia May Be a Font of Facts, but It's a Desert for Photos |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/20/arts/20funny.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126005544/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/20/arts/20funny.html |archive-date=November 26, 2022}}</ref> Wikimedia Foundation ma aha ruqsad bixiye nuxurka ku jira Wikipedia ama mashaariicdeeda la xiriira balse waa adeeg martigelin oo kaliya u ah dadka ku tabaruca iyo ruqsad bixiyaasha Wikipedia, kaas oo si guul leh looga difaacay 2004 maxkamad ku taal Faransiiska.<ref name="reuters French defamation case">{{cite news |date=November 2, 2007 |title=Wikipedia cleared in French defamation case |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSL0280486220071102 |access-date=November 2, 2007 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123810/https://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSL0280486220071102 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ars tech WP dumb suing case">{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Nate |date=May 2, 2008 |title=Dumb idea: suing Wikipedia for calling you "dumb" |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2008/05/dumb-idea-suing-wikipedia-for-calling-you-dumb/ |access-date=May 4, 2008 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=August 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806121938/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/05/dumb-idea-suing-wikipedia-for-calling-you-dumb.ars |url-status=live}}</ref> === Hababka Helitaanka<span class="anchor" id="Reusing Wikipedia's content"></span> === Maadaama nuxurka Wikipedia lagu qaybiyo shati xor ah, qof kasta wuxuu dib u isticmaali karaa ama dib ugu qaybin karaa lacag la'aan.<ref>Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks</ref> Nuxurka Wikipedia waxaa lagu daabacay siyaabo badan, labadaba khadka iyo offline-ka, ka baxsan mareegta Wikipedia. Kumanaan ka mid ah [[mirror site|goobaha muraayadda]] ayaa jira oo dib u daabaca nuxurka Wikipedia; laba caan ah oo sidoo kale ka kooban nuxurka ilaha tixraaca kale waa [[Reference.com]] iyo [[Answers.com]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference.com Expands Content by Adding Wikipedia Encyclopedia to Search Capabilities |url=http://www.lexico.com/about/pr20050915.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225094122/http://www.lexico.com/about/pr20050915.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 25, 2009 |website=Lexico Publishing Group, LLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of Answers.com |url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/answerscom |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=PCMag |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203151141/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/answerscom |url-status=live}}</ref> Tusaale kale waa [[Wapedia]], oo billowday inay muujiso nuxurka Wikipedia qaab mobayl-ku-habboon ka hor inta uusan Wikipedia laftiisu samayn.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Seifi |first=Joe |date=August 27, 2007 |title=Wapedia review |url=https://appsafari.com/utilities/1144/wapedia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423185926/https://appsafari.com/utilities/1144/wapedia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=appSafari}}</ref> Mashiinnada raadinta [[search engine|shabakadda]] qaar waxay isticmaalaan gaar ah nuxurka Wikipedia marka ay muujinayaan natiijooyinka raadinta: tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah [[Microsoft Bing]] (iyada oo la mareyo tignoolajiyada laga helay [[Powerset (company)|Powerset]])<ref name="bing WP research and referencing" /> iyo [[DuckDuckGo]]. Ururinta maqaallada Wikipedia ayaa lagu daabacay [[optical disc|saxannada indhaha]]. Nooc Soomaali ah oo la sii dayay 2006 wuxuu ka koobnaa ilaa 2,000 oo maqaallo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikipedia 0.5 available on a CD-ROM |url=http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/site.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602060411/http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/site.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |website=Wikipedia On DVD}}</ref> Nooca luqadda Polish-ka ee 2006 wuxuu ka kooban yahay ku dhowaad 240,000 oo maqaallo,<ref name="WM polish WP on dvd">{{cite web |title=Polish Wikipedia on DVD |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska_Wikipedia_na_DVD_%28z_Helionem%29/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229040017/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska_Wikipedia_na_DVD_(z_Helionem)/en |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> nooca luqadda Jarmalka ee 2007/2008 wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 620,000 oo maqaallo,<ref>[[:de:Wikipedia:DVD|Wikipedia:DVD]]</ref> iyo nooca luqadda Isbaanishka ee 2011 wuxuu ka kooban yahay 886,000 oo maqaallo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Qué es la CDPedia? |url=http://python.org.ar/pyar/Proyectos/CDPedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702023520/http://python.org.ar/pyar/Proyectos/CDPedia |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 2, 2011 |website=Py Ar |language=es}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, "Wikipedia for Schools", taxanaha Wikipedia ee CD-yada / DVD-yada ay soo saareen Wikipedia iyo [[SOS Children's Villages UK|SOS Children]], waa xulasho bilaash ah oo ka timid Wikipedia oo loogu talagalay waxbarashada carruurta da'doodu u dhaxeyso siddeed ilaa toddobo iyo toban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 22, 2008 |title=2008–09 Wikipedia for Schools goes online |url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/2008-09_Wikipedia_for_Schools_goes_online |access-date=February 3, 2023 |newspaper=WikiNews |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Waxaa jiray dadaallo lagu doonayo in lagu geliyo qayb yar oo ka mid ah maqaallada Wikipedia qaab buug daabacan.<ref name="WP into books 1">{{cite news |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Wikipedia turned into book |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5549589/Wikipedia-turned-into-book.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801202703/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5549589/Wikipedia-turned-into-book.html |archive-date=August 1, 2009}}</ref><ref name="WP schools selection 1">{{cite web |title=Wikipedia Selection for Schools |url=https://schools-wikipedia.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804093730/https://schools-wikipedia.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |access-date=July 14, 2012 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2009, tobanaan kun oo buugaag ah oo [[print on demand|daabacan marka la dalbado]] oo soo saaray maqaallada Wikipedia ee Soomaaliga, Jarmalka, Ruushka, iyo Faransiiska waxaa soo saaray shirkadda Mareykanka ee [[Books LLC]] iyo saddex shirkadood oo hoos yimaada shirkadda Jarmalka ee [[VDM Publishing|VDM]].<ref name="FAZ" /> Mareegta [[DBpedia]], oo bilaabatay 2007, waxay ka soo saartaa xogta sanduuqyada macluumaadka iyo caddaymaha qaybaha ee Wikipedia Soomaaliga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bizer |first1=Christian |last2=Lehmann |first2=Jens |last3=Kobilarov |first3=Georgi |last4=Auer |first4=Sören |last5=Becker |first5=Christian |last6=Cyganiak |first6=Richard |last7=Hellmann |first7=Sebastian |date=September 2009 |title=DBpedia – A crystallization point for the Web of Data |journal=Journal of Web Semantics |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=154–165 |doi=10.1016/j.websem.2009.07.002 |s2cid=16081721}}</ref> Wikimedia waxay abuurtay mashruuca [[Wikidata]] oo ujeeddo la mid ah u leh keydinta xaqiiqooyinka aasaasiga ah ee bog kasta oo Wikipedia ah iyo mashaariicda kale ee Wikimedia Foundation oo ka dhigaysa mid la heli karo qaab [[Semantic Web|semantik]] ah oo la waydiin karo, oo ah [[Resource Description Framework|RDF]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikidata:Introduction |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikidata |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> {{As of|2023|2|post=,}} waxay leedahay in ka badan 101 milyan oo shay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikidata:Statistics |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Statistics |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikidata |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> [[WikiReader]] waa qalab akhriye u go'an oo ka kooban koobi offline ah oo Wikipedia ah, kaas oo ay daah furtay [[Openmoko|OpenMoko]] oo marka hore la sii daayay 2009.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Moeller |first1=Erik |date=October 13, 2009 |title=OpenMoko Launches WikiReader |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2009/10/13/openmoko-launches-wikireader/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Helitaanka nuxurka buuxa ee Wikipedia ee dib loogu isticmaalo waxay soo bandhigaysaa caqabado, maadaama nuqul-ka-sameynta tooska ah iyada oo la marinayo [[web crawler|gurguuraha shabakadda]] aan la dhiirrigelin.<ref name="WP DB usage policy 1" /> Wikipedia waxay daabacdaa "[[Wikipedia:Database download|dumps]]" oo ah nuxurkeeda, laakiin kuwan waa qoraal-oo keliya; {{as of|2023|lc=y|post=,}} ma jiro wax dump ah oo la heli karo oo ah sawirada Wikipedia.<ref name="WP image data dumps 1">{{Cite web |title=Data dumps/What's available for download |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dumps/What%27s_available_for_download |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Enterprise]] waa xal faa'iido doon ah oo tan ah.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Cohen |first=Noam |date=March 16, 2021 |title=Wikipedia Is Finally Asking Big Tech to Pay Up |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedia-finally-asking-big-tech-to-pay-up/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Luqadaha qaar ee Wikipedia sidoo kale waxay ilaaliyaan miiska tixraaca, halkaas oo mutadawiciintu ay uga jawaabaan su'aalaha ka yimaada bulshada weyn. Sida lagu sheegay daraasad ay sameysay Pnina Shachaf oo ku jirta ''[[Journal of Documentation]]'', tayada miiska tixraaca Wikipedia waa mid la mid ah miiska tixraaca maktabadda caadiga ah, oo leh saxnaan ah boqolkiiba 55.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shachaf |first=Pnina |date=October 16, 2009 |title=The paradox of expertise: is the Wikipedia Reference Desk as good as your library? |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=977–996 |doi=10.1108/00220410910998951 |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/20329/1/Paradox%20of%20expertise-final.pdf}}</ref> ==== Helitaanka Mobaylka<span class="anchor" id="Wikipedia mobile access"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wikipedia mobile"></span> ==== {{See also|List of Wikipedia mobile applications|Help:Mobile access}} [[File:Wikipedia on Mobile screenshot (2024) (cropped).png|thumb|Nooc moobayl ah oo muujinaya Bogga hore ee Wikipedia ee Ingiriiska Oktoobar 2, 2024]] [[File:Wikipedia page views by device type.webp|thumb|Bogagga Wikipedia ee laga daawado madal ahaan]] Dhexdhexaadka asalka ah ee Wikipedia wuxuu ahaa in isticmaaleyaashu akhriyaan oo ay ka tafatiraan nuxurka iyagoo isticmaalaya kasta oo caadi ah oo ah [[web browser|browser shabakad]] ah iyaga oo maraya xiriir [[Internet access|internet]] oo go'an. In kasta oo nuxurka Wikipedia uu ahaa mid la heli karo iyada oo la marinayo [[mobile web|mobaylka shabakadda]] tan iyo Luuliyo 2013, ''The New York Times'' Febraayo 9, 2014, waxay soo xigatay Erik Möller, ku-xigeenka agaasimaha Wikimedia Foundation, isagoo saynaya in kala guurka taraafikada internetka ee ka yimid kombuyuutarrada miiska una gudbaya qalabka mobaylka uu ahaa mid muhiim ah oo sababay welwel iyo walbahaar. Maqaalka ku jira ''The New York Times'' wuxuu weriyay tirakoobyada barbardhigga ee tafatirka mobaylka iyagoo sheegaya, "Kaliya 20 boqolkiiba akhriska Wikipedia Soomaaliga ayaa ku yimaada qalabka mobaylka, tiradaas oo aad uga hooseysa boqolkiiba taraafikada mobaylka ee goobaha warbaahinta kale, kuwaas oo badan ay gaaraan 50 boqolkiiba. Iyo beddelidda tafatirka mobaylka ayaa xitaa ka dambeysay." 2014 ''The New York Times'' wuxuu wariyay in Möller uu u xilsaaray "koox ka kooban 10 horumariye sofweer oo diiradda saaraya mobaylka", oo ka mid ah wadarta qiyaastii 200 oo shaqaale ah oo ka shaqeeya Wikimedia Foundation. Hal walaac oo muhiim ah oo ay sheegtay ''The New York Times'' ee ah "welwelka" ayaa ah in Wikipedia ay si wax ku ool ah wax uga qabato dhibaatooyinka ka bixitaanka tirada tafatirayaasha ee ay ensiklabeediyada online-ka ah soo jiidato si ay u tafatiraan ugana ilaaliyaan nuxurkeeda jawiga helitaanka mobaylka.<ref name="small screen" /> Ilaa 2023, shaqaalaha Wikimedia Foundation waxay kor u dhaafeen in ka badan 700 oo shaqaale ah.<ref name=WF10.23.23 /> Helitaanka Wikipedia ee ka timid taleefannada gacanta waxay suurtagal ahayd ilaa 2004, iyada oo la marinayo [[Wireless Application Protocol]] (WAP), iyada oo la mareyo adeegga [[Wapedia]].<ref name=":16" /> Juun 2007, Wikipedia waxay daah furtay so.mobile.wikipedia.org, oo ah mareeg rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay qalabka bilaa-waayirka ah. 2009, adeeg cusub oo mobayl ah ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii daayay, kaas oo ku yaal so.m.wikipedia.org, kaas oo u adeega qalabka mobaylka ee horumarsan sida [[iPhone]], qalabka ku saleysan [[Android (operating system)|Android]], ama qalabka ku saleysan [[WebOS]].<ref name="WM mobile added 1">{{cite web |date=June 30, 2009 |title=Wikimedia Mobile is Officially Launched |url=https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2009/06/wikimedia-mobile-launch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101614/http://techblog.wikimedia.org/2009/06/wikimedia-mobile-launch/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 11, 2010 |access-date=July 22, 2009 |website=Wikimedia Technical Blog |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Habab kale oo dhowr ah oo helitaanka mobaylka ee Wikipedia ayaa soo baxay tan iyo markaas. Qalab badan iyo barnaamijyo ayaa wanaajiya ama kor u qaada bandhigidda nuxurka Wikipedia ee qalabka mobaylka, halka qaarna ay sidoo kale ku daraan sifooyin dheeraad ah sida isticmaalka Wikipedia [[metadata|xogta xogta]] sida [[geographic data and information|xogta juqraafiyadeed]].<ref name="androgeoid.com LPOI WP 1">{{cite web |date=May 15, 2011 |title=Local Points Of Interest In Wikipedia |url=https://androgeoid.com/2011/04/local-points-of-interest-in-wikipedia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601092809/http://androgeoid.com/2011/04/local-points-of-interest-in-wikipedia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 1, 2011 |access-date=May 15, 2011 |website=AndroGeoid}}</ref><ref name="ilounge iphone gems WP">{{cite web |last=Hollington |first=Jesse David |date=November 30, 2008 |title=iPhone Gems: Wikipedia Apps |url=https://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/15802 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112235945/http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/15802/ |archive-date=January 12, 2009 |access-date=July 22, 2008 |url-status=usurped |website=iLounge}}</ref> Barnaamijka Android ee Wikipedia waxaa la sii daayay Jannaayo 2012, wuxuuna gaaray in ka badan 500,000 oo rakibid ah iyo dib-u-eegis guud ahaan togan, isagoo ka dhaliyay in ka badan afar ka mid ah shan suurtagal ah codbixinta qiyaastii 200,000 oo isticmaalayaal ah oo ka soo degsanayay Google.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finc |first=Tomasz |date=January 26, 2012 |title=Announcing the Official Wikipedia Android App |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/01/26/announcing-the-official-wikipedia-android-app/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wikipedia |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia&hl=en |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Google Play}}</ref> Nooca iOS waxaa la sii daayay Abriil 3, 2013, dib-u-eegis la mid ah.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 4, 2014 |title=Wikipedia Mobile on the App Store on iTunes |url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia-mobile/id324715238 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |website=App Store (iOS/iPadOS) |publisher=Apple Inc. }}</ref> [[Wikipedia Zero]] wuxuu ahaa hindise ka yimid Wikimedia Foundation si loo ballaariyo gaaritaanka ensiklabeediyada ee dalalka soo koraya iyadoo lala kaashanayo hawlwadeennada mobaylka si loo oggolaado helitaanka bilaashka ah.<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ellis |first=Justin |date=January 17, 2013 |title=Wikipedia plans to expand mobile access around the globe with new funding |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/01/wikipedia-plans-to-expand-mobile-access-around-the-globe-with-new-funding |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130012228/https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/01/wikipedia-plans-to-expand-mobile-access-around-the-globe-with-new-funding/ |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |access-date=April 22, 2013 |newspaper=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Waxaa la joojiyay Febraayo 2018 sababtoo ah la'aanta ka qaybqaadashada hawlwadeennada mobaylka.<ref name=":17">{{cite web |date=February 16, 2018 |title=Building for the future of Wikimedia with a new approach to partnerships |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2018/02/16/partnerships-new-approach/ |access-date=May 12, 2019 |website=Diff |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Labada [[Andrew Lih]] iyo [[Andrew Brown (writer)|Andrew Brown]] labaduba waxay ku doodayaan in tafatirka Wikipedia ee [[smartphone|taleefannada casriga ah]] ay tahay mid adag, taasina ay ka niyad jabinayso tabaruceyaasha cusub ee suurtagalka ah.<ref name="Lih-2015" /><ref name="Brown-2015" /> Lih wuxuu sheegay in tirada tafatirayaasha Wikipedia ay hoos u dhacaysay dhowr sano ka dib,<ref name="Lih-2015" /> iyo Tom Simonite oo ka tirsanaa ''[[MIT Technology Review]]'' ayaa sheegaya in qaab-dhismeedka iyo xeerarka xafiiseed ay yihiin qodob tan keenay. Simonite wuxuu ku eedaynayaa qaar ka mid ah [[Wikipedian|Wikipedians]] inay isticmaalayaan xeerarka iyo hageyaasha wareegsan si ay u maamulaan kuwa kale isla markaana tafatirayaashaasi ay leeyihiin dano gaar ah oo ay ku ilaalinayaan xaaladda jirta.<ref name="Simonite-2013" /> Lih wuxuu sheegayaa inuu jiro khilaaf xooggan oo u dhexeeya dadka wax tabaruca ee jira ee ku saabsan sida tan loo xalliyo. Lih wuxuu ka cabsanayaa mustaqbalka fog ee Wikipedia halka Brown wuxuu ka cabsanayaa dhibaatooyinka Wikipedia inay sii jiri doonaan, ensiklabeediyada tartamaysana aysan beddeli doonin.<ref name="Lih-2015">{{cite news |last=Lih |first=Andrew |date=June 20, 2015 |title=Can Wikipedia Survive? |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/opinion/can-wikipedia-survive.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217205707/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/21/opinion/can-wikipedia-survive.html |archive-date=February 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Brown-2015">{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Andrew |date=June 25, 2015 |title=Wikipedia editors are a dying breed. The reason? Mobile |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/25/wikipedia-editors-dying-breed-mobile-smartphone-technology-online-encyclopedia |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022102741/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/25/wikipedia-editors-dying-breed-mobile-smartphone-technology-online-encyclopedia |archive-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> === Helitaanka Shiinaha === Helitaanka Wikipedia waxaa [[Internet censorship in China|laga xiray]] gudaha [[mainland China|Shiinaha qaaradda]] tan iyo Maajo 2015.<ref name="Skipper-2015">{{Cite news |last=Skipper |first=Ben |date=December 7, 2015 |title=China's government has blocked Wikipedia in its entirety again |work=International Business Times UK |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-government-has-blocked-wikipedia-its-entirety-again-1532138 |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503111142/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinas-government-has-blocked-wikipedia-its-entirety-again-1532138 |archive-date=May 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fox-Brewster |first=Thomas |date=May 22, 2015 |title=Wikipedia Disturbed Over Fresh China Censorship |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/05/22/wikipedia-disturbed-over-fresh-china-censorship/#377839ae112a |url-status=live |access-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503043534/https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/05/22/wikipedia-disturbed-over-fresh-china-censorship/#377839ae112a |archive-date=May 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Henochowicz |first=Anne |date=May 20, 2015 |title=Chinese Wikipedia Blocked by Great Firewall |url=https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/chinese-wikipedia-blocked-by-great-firewall/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504212406/https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2015/05/chinese-wikipedia-blocked-by-great-firewall/ |archive-date=May 4, 2017 |access-date=May 4, 2017 |website=China Digital Times}}</ref> Tani waxaa la sameeyay ka dib markii Wikipedia ay bilowday inay isticmaasho sirta [[HTTPS]], taas oo ka dhigtay faafreebka xulashada mid adag.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=June 12, 2015 |title=The Wikimedia Foundation Turns On HTTPS By Default Across All Sites, Including Wikipedia |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/12/the-wikimedia-foundation-turns-on-https-by-default-across-all-sites-including-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824001601/https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/12/the-wikimedia-foundation-turns-on-https-by-default-across-all-sites-including-wikipedia/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2020 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> == Saamaynta dhaqanka<span class="anchor" id="Influence"></span> == === Il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo lagula dagaallamo wararka beenta ah === Intii u dhexeysay 2017 iyo 2018, ka dib markii ay bateen wararka beenta ah, Facebook iyo YouTube labaduba waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay adeegsan doonaan Wikipedia si ay uga caawiyaan isticmaalayaashooda inay qiimeeyaan wararka ay arkaan, kana soocaan wararka beenta ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Taylor |last2=Smith |first2=Jeff |last3=Leavitt |first3=Alex |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Helping People Better Assess the Stories They See in News Feed with the Context Button |url=https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111152311/https://about.fb.com/news/2018/04/news-feed-fyi-more-context/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Meta}}</ref><ref name="Cohen-2018" /> [[Noam Cohen]], oo wax ku qorayay wargeyska ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ayaa yiri: "Ku tiirsanaanta YouTube ee Wikipedia si loo saxo xogta waxay ku dhisan tahay madal kale oo xaqiiqooyinkeeda lagu kalsoon yahay, taas oo ah shabakadda bulshada ee Facebook. Facebook ayaa sannadkii hore ku dhawaaqday in Wikipedia ay ka caawin doonto isticmaalayaasheeda inay xididdada u siibaan '[[fake news|wararka beenta ah]]'."<ref name="Cohen-2018">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=April 7, 2018 |title=Conspiracy videos? Fake news? Enter Wikipedia, the 'good cop' of the Internet |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/conspiracy-videos-fake-news-enter-wikipedia-the-good-cop-of-the-internet/2018/04/06/ad1f018a-3835-11e8-8fd2-49fe3c675a89_story.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614045810/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/conspiracy-videos-fake-news-enter-wikipedia-the-good-cop-of-the-internet/2018/04/06/ad1f018a-3835-11e8-8fd2-49fe3c675a89_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Constine |first=Josh |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Facebook fights fake news with author info, rolls out publisher context |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/03/facebook-author-info/ |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> === Akhristayaasha === Febraayo 2014, ''The New York Times'' waxay sheegtay in Wikipedia ay kaalinta shanaad kaga jirtay mareegaha adduunka oo dhan, iyadoo bishii ay lahayd "18 bilyan oo bog oo la daawaday iyo ku dhowaad 500 milyan oo booqdeyaal gaar ah... Wikipedia waxay ka dambaysay Yahoo, Facebook, Microsoft iyo Google, oo kaalinta koowaad kaga jiray 1.2 bilyan oo booqdeyaal gaar ah."<ref name="small screen" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, darajadeedu waxay hoos ugu dhacday kaalinta 13aad ee adduunka bishii Juun 2020, taas oo inta badan ay sabab u ahayd kororka caannimada mareegaha wax-ka-iibsiga internetka ee Shiinaha.<ref name="Alexa" /> Mareegtu waxay dib u hanatay kaalinteedii hore bishii Abriil 2022.<ref name="Alexa" /> Marka laga yimaado kororka [[logistic function|habka saadka]] ee tirada maqaalladeeda,<ref name="modelling" /> Wikipedia waxay tan iyo markii la aasaasay 2001 si joogto ah u ahayd mareeg tixraac guud oo caan ah.<ref name="comscore" /> Tirada akhristayaasha Wikipedia ee adduunka oo dhan waxay gaartay 365 milyan dhammaadkii 2009.<ref name="365M">{{cite web |last=West |first=Stuart |date=2010 |title=Wikipedia's Evolving Impact: slideshow presentation at TED2010 |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/TED2010%2C_Stuart_West_full_presentation_updated_with_January_data.pdf |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Mashruuca [[Pew Research Center|Pew]] ee Internet and American Life wuxuu ogaaday in saddex meelood meel dadka isticmaala internetka ee Maraykanku ay Wikipedia ka raadsadeen macluumaad.<ref name="Wikipedia users" /> Sannadkii 2011, ''[[Business Insider]]'' waxay Wikipedia ku qiimaysay $4 bilyan haddii ay xayeysiisyo soo bandhigi lahayd.<ref>{{cite web |author=SAI |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/2011-digital-100#7-wikimedia-foundation-wikipedia-7 |title=The World's Most Valuable Startups |website=Business Insider |date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=June 14, 2014}}</ref> Sida lagu sheegay "Sahankii Akhristayaasha Wikipedia ee 2011", celceliska da'da akhristayaasha Wikipedia waa 36 jir, iyadoo tirada ragga iyo dumarku ay ku dhowaad isle'eg tahay. Ku dhowaad kala bar akhristayaasha Wikipedia waxay mareegta booqdaan in ka badan shan jeer bishii, halka tiro la mid ah oo akhristayaal ahi ay si gaar ah Wikipedia uga raadiyaan natiijooyinka mashiinnada raadinta. Ku dhowaad 47 boqolkiiba akhristayaasha Wikipedia ma oga in Wikipedia ay tahay hay'ad aan faa'iido doon ahayn.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 6, 2012 |title=Research: Wikipedia Readership Survey 2011/Results – Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_Readership_Survey_2011/Results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209125719/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_Readership_Survey_2011/Results |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 9, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2014 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> {{As of|2023|2|post=,}} Wikipedia waxay bishii soo jiidataa ku dhowaad 2 bilyan oo qalab oo gaar ah, halka Wikipedia-da Ingiriisigu ay hesho 10 bilyan oo [[Wikipedia:Pageview statistics|daawasho bogag ah]] bishii.<ref name="Wikimedia_Stats" /> ==== Faafitaanka COVID-19 ==== {{Main|Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic}} Intii lagu jiray [[COVID-19 pandemic|faafitaanka COVID-19]], daboolista Wikipedia ee faafitaanka iyo dadaallada lagula dagaallamayay macluumaadka khaldan waxay heleen dareen warbaahineed oo caalami ah, waxayna keeneen koror ku yimid akhriska Wikipedia guud ahaan.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sachdev |first=Shaan |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Wikipedia's Sprawling, Awe-Inspiring Coverage of the Pandemic |magazine=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/161486/wikipedia-coverage-pandemic-covid |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228122324/https://newrepublic.com/article/161486/wikipedia-coverage-pandemic-covid |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref name="Cohen-2020">{{Cite magazine |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=March 15, 2020 |title=How Wikipedia Prevents the Spread of Coronavirus Misinformation |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-wikipedia-prevents-spread-coronavirus-misinformation/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501004048/https://www.wired.com/story/how-wikipedia-prevents-spread-coronavirus-misinformation/ |archive-date=May 1, 2020 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Benjakob |first=Omer |date=September 2, 2020 |title=On Wikipedia, a fight is raging over coronavirus disinformation-GB |magazine=Wired UK |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/wikipedia-coronavirus |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416214738/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/wikipedia-coronavirus |archive-date=April 16, 2020 |issn=1357-0978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dodds |first=Laurence |date=April 3, 2020 |title=Why Wikipedia is winning against the coronavirus 'infodemic'-GB |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/04/03/wikipedia-winning-against-coronavirus-infodemic/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411200231/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/04/03/wikipedia-winning-against-coronavirus-infodemic/ |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Noam Cohen wuxuu ku qoray ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' in dadaalka Wikipedia ee lagula dagaallamayay [[COVID-19 misinformation|macluumaadka khaldan ee ku saabsan faafitaanka]] uu kaga duwanaa habka ay mareegaha kale u wajahaan arrintan. Wuxuu ku dooday: "Haddii Twitter, Facebook iyo [[social media|shabakadaha kale ee bulshada]] aysan baran sida wax ku ool ah ee loola tacaalo macluumaadka khaldan, Wikipedia waxay ahaan doontaa meesha ugu dambaysa ee ugu wanaagsan ee internetka."<ref name="Cohen-2020" /> Oktoobar 2020, [[World Health Organization|Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka]] waxay ku dhawaaqday inay si xor ah u shatiyeynayso [[infographic|sawirrada xogta]] iyo agabka kale ee mashaariicda Wikimedia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McNeil |first=Donald G. Jr. |date=October 22, 2020 |title=Wikipedia and W.H.O. Join to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227064916/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/health/wikipedia-who-coronavirus-health.html |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> {{As of|2021|11|lc=y|post=,}} waxaa jiray ku dhowaad 7,000 oo maqaal oo Wikipedia ah oo la xiriira COVID-19, kuwaas oo ku kala jiray 188 qaybood oo Wikipedia ah oo luqado kala duwan ku qoran.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kenton |first1=Amanda |last2=Humborg |first2=Christian |date=November 29, 2021 |title=Digital regulation must empower people to make the internet better |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530140630/https://techcrunch.com/2021/11/28/digital-regulation-must-empower-people-to-make-the-internet-better/ |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wales |first=Jimmy |date=August 26, 2021 |title=Learning to trust the internet again |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827002411/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/8/26/learning-to-trust-the-internet-again |archive-date=August 27, 2021 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera}}</ref> === Muhiimadda dhaqanka === {{Main|Wikipedia in culture}} <!-- Every single cultural, media, or Internet reference to Wikipedia does not need to be mentioned here and differentiation between what constitutes a matter of significance and what is run-of-the-mill is important when adding content here. --> [[File:Wikipedia Monument 2.JPG|thumb|upright|''[[Wikipedia Monument]]'' oo ku yaal [[Słubice]], Poland, waxaana sameeyay [[Mihran Hakobyan]] (2014)]] Nuxurka Wikipedia waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday daraasaadka tacliimeed, buugaagta, shirarka iyo kiisaska maxkamadaha.<ref name="Wikipedia in media" /><ref name="Bourgeois" /><ref name="ssrn.com Wikipedian Justice 1">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Raghav |date=February 19, 2009 |title=Wikipedian Justice |doi=10.2139/ssrn.1346311 |ssrn=1346311 |website=Social Science Research Network |s2cid=233749371}}</ref> Mareegta [[Parliament of Canada|Baarlamaanka Kanada]] waxay maqaalka Wikipedia ee ku saabsan [[same-sex marriage|guurka dadka isku jinsiga ah]] ku xustaa qaybta "xiriirrada la xiriira" ee liiska "akhris dheeraad ah" ee sharciga ''[[Civil Marriage Act]]''.<ref name="parl.gc.ca same-sex marriage">{{cite web |title=An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes |url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/38-1/C-38?view=about |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=LEGISinfo |publisher=Parliament of Canada}}</ref> Sheegashooyinka ku jira ensiklabeediyada ayaa si isa soo taraysa loogu adeegsadaa ilo ay tixraacaan hay'adaha sida maxkamadaha federaalka Maraykanka iyo [[World IntellectualProperty Organization|Hay'adda Hantida Maskaxeed ee Adduunka]], inkasta oo inta badan loo adeegsado taageeridda macluumaad kale, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen caddayn si toos ah go'aan uga gaari karta kiis.<ref name="WP_court_source" /><ref name="Courts turn to Wikipedia" /> Nuxurka Wikipedia ku jira ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday ilo ay tixraaceen warbixinno ay diyaariyeen qaar ka mid ah [[United States Intelligence Community|hay'adaha sirdoonka Maraykanka]].<ref name="US Intelligence" /> Diseembar 2008, joornaalka sayniska ee ''[[RNA Biology]]'' wuxuu furay qayb cusub oo loogu talagalay sharraxaadda qoysaska molecules-ka RNA, wuxuuna qorayaasha wax ku biirinaya qaybtaas ku waajibiyey inay sidoo kale Wikipedia u gudbiyaan qoraal qabyo ah oo ku saabsan [[Rfam|qoyska RNA]].<ref name="Declan" /> Wikipedia waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday il ay saxafiyiintu ka soo xigtaan,<ref name="ajr.org WP in the newsroom">{{cite news |last=Shaw |first=Donna |date=February–March 2008 |title=Wikipedia in the Newsroom |work=American Journalism Review |url=https://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4461 |access-date=February 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805155909/https://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4461 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 5, 2012}}</ref><ref name="twsY23" /> badanaa iyaga oo aan xusin halka ay xogta ka soo xigteen. Saxafiyiin dhowr ah ayaa shaqada laga eryay ka dib markii lagu ogaaday inay [[plagiarism from Wikipedia|qoraallo ka soo guuriyeen Wikipedia iyaga oo aan xusin isha]].<ref name="shizuoka plagiarized WP 1">{{cite news |title=Shizuoka newspaper plagiarized Wikipedia article |work=Japan News Review |date=July 5, 2007 |url=https://www.japannewsreview.com/society/chubu/20070705page_id=364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312013353/https://www.japannewsreview.com/society/chubu/20070705page_id%3D364 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Richter |first=Bob |date=January 9, 2007 |title=Express-News staffer resigns after plagiarism in column is discovered |work=San Antonio Express-News |url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA010307.02A.richter.132c153.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123064704/https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA010307.02A.richter.132c153.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 23, 2007}}</ref><ref name="starbulletin.com Inquiry prompts dismissal">{{cite web |last=Bridgewater |first=Frank |title=Inquiry prompts reporter's dismissal |url=https://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/01/13/news/story03.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128202726/https://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/01/13/news/story03.html |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Honolulu Star-Bulletin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coscarelli |first=Joe |date=July 29, 2014 |title=Plagiarizing Wikipedia Is Still Plagiarism, at BuzzFeed or the New York Times |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/new-york-times-buzzfeed-wikipedia-plagiarism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818021218/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/new-york-times-buzzfeed-wikipedia-plagiarism.html |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Intelligencer |publisher=New York}}</ref> Sannadkii 2006, majalladda ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' waxay aqoonsatay kaalinta Wikipedia, iyadoo ay weheliyaan YouTube, [[Reddit]], [[MySpace]] iyo Facebook, ku lahayd koboca degdegga ah ee iskaashiga internetka iyo isdhexgalka malaayiin qof oo adduunka ku kala nool.<ref name="Time2006" /> Sebtembar 16, 2007, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' waxay sheegtay in Wikipedia ay noqotay goob muhiim ah oo ololihii [[2008 United States presidential election|doorashadii madaxtinimada Maraykanka ee 2008]] lagu loollamayay, iyadoo tiri: "Magaca musharrax kasta oo Google lagu qoro, natiijooyinka ugu horreeya waxaa ka mid ah bog Wikipedia ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraallada bogaggaas kuwo muhiim u ah sida xayeysiis kasta oo musharraxa lagu soo bandhigo. Horeba, bogagga musharraxiinta madaxweynaha ayaa maalin kasta la tafatiraa, la kala qaybiyaa, lagana doodaa marar aan la tirin karin."<ref name="WP.com WP election usage">{{cite news |author-last1=Vargas |author-first1=Jose Antonio |date=September 17, 2007 |title=On Wikipedia, Debating 2008 Hopefuls' Every Facet |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/16/AR2007091601699_pf.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127185625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/16/AR2007091601699_pf.html |archive-date=January 27, 2023}}</ref> Maqaal ay Reuters daabacday Oktoobar 2007, oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Bogga Wikipedia oo noqday astaanta cusub ee sumcadda", ayaa ka warramay arrin cusub oo ahayd in lahaanshaha bog Wikipedia ahi uu noqday calaamad muujinaysa sumcadda qofka.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ablan |first=Jennifer |date=October 22, 2007 |title=Wikipedia page the latest status symbol |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN2232893820071022?sp=true |access-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref> Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Wikipedia ay arrin siyaasadeed oo dowladeed ku lug yeelato wuxuu dhacay Sebtembar 28, 2007, markii [[politics of Italy|siyaasiga Talyaaniga]] [[Franco Grillini]] uu wasiirka kheyraadka iyo dhaqanka u gudbiyay su'aal baarlamaaneed oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo [[freedom of panorama|xorriyadda sawiridda iyo muujinta dhismayaasha iyo farshaxanka dadweynaha]]. Wuxuu sheegay in maqnaanshaha xorriyaddaasi ay ku qasabtay Wikipedia, oo ahayd "mareegta toddobaad ee ugu badan ee la booqdo", inay mamnuucdo dhammaan sawirrada dhismayaasha casriga ah ee Talyaaniga iyo farshaxanka, taas oo uu sheegay inay si xun u dhaawacayso dakhliga dalxiiska.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grillini |first=Franco |author-link=Franco Grillini |date=March 30, 2009 |title=Comunicato Stampa. On. Franco Grillini. Wikipedia. Interrogazione a Rutelli. Con "diritto di panorama" promuovere arte e architettura contemporanea italiana. Rivedere con urgenza legge copyright |trans-title=Press release. Honorable Franco Grillini. Wikipedia. Interview with Rutelli about the "right to view" promoting contemporary art and architecture of Italy. Review with urgency copyright law |url=https://www.grillini.it/show.php?4885 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330141810/https://www.grillini.it/show.php?4885 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |language=it}}</ref> [[File:Wikipedia, an introduction - Erasmus Prize 2015.webm|thumb|upright=1|thumbtime=00:36.00|Wikipedia: Hordhac – [[Erasmus Prize|Abaalmarinta Erasmus]] 2015]] [[File:Quadriga-verleihung-rr-02.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Jimmy Wales]] oo wakiil ka ah Wikipedia ku qaadanaya abaalmarinta ''Hawlgalka Iftiiminta'' ee [[Quadriga (award)|Abaalmarinta Quadriga]] ee 2008.]] Koox cilmi-baarayaal ah oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Peter Stone (professor)|Peter Stone]], kuwaas oo qayb ka ahaa mashruuca [[Stanford]] ee [[One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence]], ayaa warbixintooda Wikipedia ku tilmaamay "tusaalaha ugu caansan ee [[crowdsourcing|iskaashiga dadweynaha]]... kaas oo ka baaxad iyo qoto dheer badan ilaha macluumaadka ee si dhaqameed loo ururiyo, sida ensiklabeediyada iyo qaamuusyada".<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2016 |title=Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030 |url=https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/ai-research-trends |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208003001/https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/ai-research-trends |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=September 3, 2016 |website=One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence (AI100) |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20230718" /> Maqaal ra'yi ah oo uu Hossein Derakhshan u qoray ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' sannadkii 2017, wuxuu Wikipedia ku tilmaamay "mid ka mid ah tiirarkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka haray [[openness|shabakadda furan]] iyo [[decentralization#Centralization and redecentralization of the Internet|baahinta awoodda internetka]]". Wuxuu ka soo horjeediyay Wikipedia, oo ah il aqooneed qoraal ku dhisan, baraha bulshada iyo [[social networking service|adeegyada isku-xirka bulshada]], kuwaas oo uu sheegay inay tan iyo markaas internetka ku faafiyeen qiyamka telefishanka. Sida uu Derakhshan qabo, ujeeddada Wikipedia ee ah inay noqoto ensiklabeed waxay astaan u tahay dhaqanka [[Age of Enlightenment|Qarnigii Iftiiminta]], kaas oo caqliga iyo [[rationality|fekerka macquulka ah]] ka hormariya shucuurta. Isbeddelkaas ayuu ku tilmaamay mid "halis ku jira", sababtoo ah "isbeddelka tartiib-tartiibka ah ee dhaqanka qoraalka una wareegaya dhaqanka sawirrada, kaas oo isaguna ka dhigan in macnaha iyo caqliga laga guurayo loona wareegayo shucuurta, bandhigga iyo madadaalada". Halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd "{{lang|la|[[sapere aude]]}}" ({{literal translation|ku dhiirro inaad ogaato|lk=on}}), baraha bulshada waxay horseedeen dhaqan ah "ha isku mashquulin inaad wax ogaato". Derakhshan wuxuu sheegay in Wikipedia ay wajahayso "dhibaato aad uga walaac badan" tan maalgelinta, taas oo ah "joogsiga koboca tirada tabaruceyaasha mareegta". Sidaas darteed, caqabadda hortaalla Wikipedia iyo dadka isticmaala waa in la "badbaadiyo Wikipedia iyo ballanqaadkeeda ah inay si xor ah oo furan u ururiso dhammaan aqoonta aadanaha, iyadoo la adeegsanayo xeeladaha warbaahinta cusub iyo tii horeba; si loo ogaado sida aqoonta loo ururin karo loona ilaalin karo marka aysan jirin cid danaynaysa inay wax ogaato."<ref>{{cite news |last=Derakhshan |first=Hossein |author-link=Hossein Derakhshan |date=October 19, 2017 |title=How Social Media Endangers Knowledge |url=https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedias-fate-shows-how-the-web-endangers-knowledge/ |url-status=live |department=Business |magazine=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast |eissn=1078-3148 |issn=1059-1028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022190537/https://www.wired.com/story/wikipedias-fate-shows-how-the-web-endangers-knowledge/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref> ==== Abaalmarinnada ==== [[File:Wikipedia team visiting to Parliament of Oviedo Spain 2015.JPG|thumb|upright|Kooxda Wikipedia oo booqanaysa Baarlamaanka Asturias]] [[File:Spanish Wikipedians meetup.jpg|thumb|upright|Tifaftirayaasha Wikipedia oo kulmaya ka dib xafladdii abaalmarinnada Asturias ee 2015]] Wikipedia waxay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinno badan, iyadoo labadeedii abaalmarinood ee ugu waaweynaa ay heshay bishii Maajo 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophy shelf |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trophy_shelf |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> Abaalmarintii koowaad waxay ahayd Golden Nica oo qaybta Bulshada Dijitaalka ah ah, taas oo lagu bixiyo tartanka sannadlaha ah ee [[Prix Ars Electronica]]. Abaalmarintan waxaa la socday deeq lacageed oo dhan €10,000 (£6,588; $12,700) iyo casuumaad ay Wikipedia kaga qaybgelaysay Bandhigga PAE Cyberarts ee Austria dhammaadka sannadkaas. Abaalmarintii labaad waxay ahayd [[Webby Award|Abaalmarinta Webby]] ee garsoorayaasha, qaybta "bulshada".<ref name="webbyawards WP awards 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/winners-2004.php |title=Webby Awards 2004 |publisher=The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences |year=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722174246/https://www.webbyawards.com/webbys/winners-2004.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> Sebtembar 2008, Wikipedia waxay heshay [[Quadriga (award)|Abaalmarinta Quadriga]] ee ''Hawlgalka Iftiiminta'' oo ay bixiso Werkstatt Deutschland. Abaalmarinta waxaa lala guddoonsiiyay [[Boris Tadić]], [[Eckart Höfling]] iyo [[Peter Gabriel]]. [[David Weinberger]] ayaa abaalmarinta u gudbiyay Wales.<ref name="loomarea.com WP award 1">{{cite web |url=https://loomarea.com/die_quadriga/e/index.php?title=Award_2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915140714/https://loomarea.com/die_quadriga/e/index.php?title=Award_2008 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 15, 2008 |title=Die Quadriga – Award 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, Wikipedia waxaa la guddoonsiiyay [[Erasmus Prize|Abaalmarinta Erasmus]] ee sannadlaha ah, taas oo lagu aqoonsado wax-ku-biirinta gaarka ah ee dhaqanka, bulshada ama cilmiga bulshada,<ref name="EP2015">{{cite web |title=Erasmus Prize – Praemium Erasmianum |url=https://www.erasmusprijs.org/?lang=en&page=Erasmusprijs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115214241/https://www.erasmusprijs.org/?lang=en&page=Erasmusprijs |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |access-date=January 15, 2015 |website=Praemium Erasmianum Foundation}}</ref> iyo sidoo kale [[Princess of Asturias Award|Abaalmarinta Princess of Asturias]] ee Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah oo lagu bixiyo Isbaanishka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premio Princesa de Asturias de Cooperación Internacional 2015 |work=Fundación Princesa de Asturias |trans-title=Princess of Asturias Award of International Cooperation 2015 |url=https://www.fpa.es/es/premios-princesa-de-asturias/premiados/2015-wikipedia.html?especifica=0&idCategoria=0&anio=2015&especifica=0 |access-date=June 17, 2015 |language=es}}</ref> Isagoo ka hadlayay Baarlamaanka Asturian ee magaalada Oviedo, halkaas oo lagu qabtay xafladda abaalmarintu, [[Jimmy Wales]] wuxuu ammaanay shaqada tifaftirayaasha Wikipedia-da Asturian-ka.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 22, 2015 |title=Los fundadores de Wikipedia destacan la versión en asturiano |language=es |trans-title=The founders of Wikipedia highlight the Asturian version |newspaper=La Nueva España |url=https://www.lne.es/sociedad-cultura/2015/10/22/fundadores-wikipedia-destacan-version-asturiano/1830529.html |access-date=October 20, 2015}}</ref> ==== Majaajillada ==== {{Category see also|Parodies of Wikipedia}} Majaajiliiste [[Stephen Colbert]] ayaa dhowr jeer ku jeesjeesay ama tixraacay Wikipedia intii lagu jiray barnaamijkiisa ''[[The Colbert Report]]''. Wuxuu sidoo kale curiyay erayga [[wikiality]], oo macnihiisu yahay "wadajir ayaynu u abuuri karnaa xaqiiqo aynu dhammaanteen ku heshiinno — xaqiiqada aynu hadda ku heshiinnay".<ref name="wikiality" /> Tusaale kale waxaa laga helayaa maqaal majaajillo ah oo cinwaankiisu yahay "Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years of American Independence", kaas oo bogga hore ee ''[[The Onion]]'' lagu daabacay Luulyo 2006,<ref name="onion WP 750 years 1">{{cite web |url=https://www.theonion.com/articles/wikipedia-celebrates-750-years-of-american-indepen,2007/ |title=Wikipedia Celebrates 750 Years Of American Independence |access-date=October 15, 2006 |date=July 26, 2006 |website=The Onion |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325234026/http://www.theonion.com/articles/wikipedia-celebrates-750-years-of-american-indepen,2007/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo maqaal kale oo ''The Onion'' ay 2010 daabacday, kaas oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "'L.A. Law' Wikipedia Page Viewed 874 Times Today".<ref>{{cite web |date=November 24, 2010 |title='L.A. Law' Wikipedia Page Viewed 874 Times Today |url=https://www.theonion.com/articles/la-law-wikipedia-page-viewed-874-times-today,18521/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=The Onion |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405113731/http://www.theonion.com/articles/la-law-wikipedia-page-viewed-874-times-today,18521/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Qayb ka mid ahayd majaajillada taxanaha telefishanka Maraykanka ee [[The Office (American TV series)|The Office]], oo la baahiyay Abriil 2007, ayaa muujinaysay maamulaha xafiiska ([[Michael Scott (The Office)|Michael Scott]]) oo adeegsanaya maqaal Wikipedia oo mala-awaal ah si uu xog uga helo xeeladaha [[negotiation|wadaxaajoodka]], taas oo uu doonayay inuu ku helo mushahar ka hooseeya kan shaqaalaha.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=The Negotiation |episode-link=The Negotiation (The Office) |series=The Office |series-link=The Office (American TV series) |network=NBC |date=April 5, 2007 |season=3 |number=19}}</ref> Daawadayaasha barnaamijka ayaa isku dayay inay xuskaas ku daraan maqaalka dhabta ah ee Wikipedia ee ku saabsan wadaxaajoodka, laakiin isticmaalayaasha kale ayaa isku daygaas ku hor istaagay bogga doodda maqaalka.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jesdanun |first=Anick |date=April 12, 2007 |title='Office' fans, inspired by Michael Scott, flock to edit Wikipedia |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/internetlife/2007-04-12-office-wikipedia_N.htm |url-status=live |access-date=December 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128044344/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/webguide/internetlife/2007-04-12-office-wikipedia_N.htm |archive-date=January 28, 2023}}</ref> "[[My Number One Doctor]]", oo ahayd qayb ka mid ah taxanaha telefishanka ''[[Scrubs (2001 TV series)|Scrubs]]'' ee la baahiyay 2007, waxay kaftan ka samaysay fikradda ah in Wikipedia ay tahay il tixraac oo aan si fiican loo hubin. Muuqaalkaas, [[Perry Cox]] ayaa ka falcelinaya bukaan sheegaya in maqaal Wikipedia ahi tilmaamayo in [[raw food diet|cuntooyinka aan la karin]] ay dib u celin karaan saamaynta [[bone cancer|kansarka lafaha]]. Wuxuu bukaanka u sheegayaa in qofkii isla maqaalkaas qoray uu sidoo kale qoray [[list of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) episodes|liiska qaybaha taxanaha ''Battlestar Galactica'']].<ref name="Bakken one doctor 1">{{Cite episode |title=My Number One Doctor |episode-link=Scrubs (season 7)#ep145 |series=Scrubs |series-link=Scrubs (2001 TV series) |network=NBC |date=December 6, 2007 |season=7 |number=145 |last=Bakken |first=Janae |author-link=Janae Bakken}}</ref> Sannadkii 2008, mareegta majaajillada ee [[CollegeHumor]] waxay soo saartay muuqaal majaajillo ah oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Professor Wikipedia". Muuqaalkaas, borofisar mala-awaal ah oo lagu magacaabo Professor Wikipedia ayaa fasal wax ku baraya isagoo soo bandhigaya xaqiiqooyin aan la hubin karin, kuwaas oo qaarkood aad u yaab badan yihiin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/if-wikipedia-was-a-professor-college-would-be-awesome-5050507 |title=If Wikipedia Was a Professor, College Would Be Awesome [Citation Needed] |first=Adam |last=Frucci |date=September 16, 2008 |access-date=May 28, 2026 |work=Gizmodo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Professor Wikipedia |publisher=Dropout |via=YouTube |date=September 24, 2008 |access-date=May 28, 2026 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaADQTeZRCY}}</ref> Sawirka majaajillada ah ee [[Dilbert|Dilbert]] ee May 8, 2009, waxaa ku jira qof taageeraya sheegasho aan macquul ahayn oo leh: "Toban daqiiqo i sii, dabadeed Wikipedia ka hubi."<ref>{{cite comic |Strip=Topper |Date=May 8, 2009 |Syndicate=United Media |Cartoonist=Adams, Scott}}</ref> Luulyo 2009, [[BBC Radio 4]] waxay baahisay taxane majaajillo ah oo lagu magacaabo [[Bigipedia]], kaas oo ku saabsanaa mareeg mala-awaal ah oo lagu jeesjeesayay Wikipedia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Ian |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Bigipedia given second series |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/radio/news/319/bigipedia_given_second_series/ |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=British Comedy Guide}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah muuqaallada majaajillada ah waxaa si toos ah u dhiirrigeliyay Wikipedia iyo maqaalladeeda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comedy.org.uk/guide/radio/bigipedia/interview/ |title=Interview With Nick Doody and Matt Kirshen |website=British Comedy Guide |access-date=July 31, 2009 |archive-date=July 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731150008/http://www.comedy.org.uk/guide/radio/bigipedia/interview |url-status=dead}}</ref> Agoosto 23, 2013, mareegta ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' waxay daabacday sawir majaajillo ah oo ay la socotay weedhan: "Nacalaa, Manning, ma ka fikirtay dagaalka magac-u-yaallada ah ee tani ka dhalin doonto boggaaga Wikipedia?"<ref>{{cite web |last=Flake |first=Emily |author-link=Emily Flake |date=August 23, 2013 |title=Manning/Wikipedia cartoon |url=https://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/Dammit-Manning-have-you-considered-the-pronoun-war-that-this-is-going-t-Cartoon-Prints_i9813981_.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012052730/https://www.condenaststore.com/-sp/Dammit-Manning-have-you-considered-the-pronoun-war-that-this-is-going-t-Cartoon-Prints_i9813981_.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2013 |website=Conde Nast Collection}}</ref> Sawirkaasi wuxuu tixraacayay [[Chelsea Manning|Chelsea Elizabeth Manning]] (oo dhalatay Bradley Edward Manning), oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe, siyaasi iyo askari hore oo ka tirsanaa Ciidanka Maraykanka, taas oo xilligaas dhawaan shaacisay inay tahay [[trans woman|haweeney jinsigeeda beddeshay]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2013 |title='I am Chelsea': Read Manning's full statement |url=http://www.today.com/news/i-am-chelsea-read-mannings-full-statement-6C10974052 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Today}}</ref> Juun 2024, majalladda ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' waxay daabacday bog dood oo Wikipedia ah oo mala-awaal ah, kaas oo ay Emma Burnett qortay, cinwaankiisuna ahaa "Fangas caag cuna ayaa sababay dhammaadka adduunka". Bogga dooddu wuxuu ku saabsanaa maqaal mala-awaal ah oo sharraxayay cawaaqibta lama filaanka ah ee ka dhalan karta sii-deynta fangas caag cuna si loogu nadiifiyo meelaha shidaalku ku daatay. Maqaalku wuxuu ka koobnaa arrimo caadi ahaan laga helo bogagga doodaha Wikipedia, sida doodaha ku saabsan beddelidda qiimaynta maqaalka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burnett |first=Emma |date=June 12, 2024 |title=Plastic-eating fungus caused doomsday[2] [3] |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01723-z |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-01723-z |issn=0028-0836 |doi-access=free |pmid=38867010 |access-date=May 28, 2026}}</ref> === Daabacaadda === [[File:WikiMedia DC 2013 Annual Meeting 08.JPG|right|thumb|Koox ka tirsan Wikimedians-ka laanta [[Wikimedia DC]] oo ka qaybgalaysa shirkii sannadlaha ahaa ee Wikimedia ee Washington DC sannadkii 2013, iyagoo hor taagan nuqulka ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (dhabarka bidix) ee Kaydka Qaranka Maraykanka]] Saamaynta dhaqaale ee ugu muuqata ee Wikipedia waxay ahayd hoos u dhaca iyo dhammaadka ensiklabeediyadii ganacsiga, gaar ahaan kuwii daabacaadda ahaa sida ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', kuwaas oo aan awoodin inay la tartamaan beddel bilaash ah.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bosman |first1=Julie |date=March 13, 2012 |title=After 244 Years, Encyclopaedia Britannica Stops the Presses |url=https://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com//2012/03/13/after-244-years-encyclopedia-britannica-stops-the-presses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103001340/https://archive.nytimes.com/mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/after-244-years-encyclopedia-britannica-stops-the-presses/ |archive-date=January 3, 2023 |access-date=January 26, 2015 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 20, 2012 |title=Encyclopedia Britannica Dies At The Hands Of Wikipedia [Infographic] |url=https://www.gizmocrazed.com/2012/03/encyclopedia-britannica-dies-at-the-hands-of-wikipedia-infographic/ |access-date=June 14, 2014 |website=GizmoCrazed |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629152825/http://www.gizmocrazed.com/2012/03/encyclopedia-britannica-dies-at-the-hands-of-wikipedia-infographic/ |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="FT effect on traditional media">{{cite news |author-last1=Caldwell |author-first1=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Caldwell (journalist) |date=June 14, 2013 |title=A chapter in the Enlightenment closes |newspaper=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ae22314a-d383-11e2-b3ff-00144feab7de.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225084438/https://www.ft.com/content/ae22314a-d383-11e2-b3ff-00144feab7de |archive-date=December 25, 2022 |quote=Bertelsmann did not resort to euphemism this week when it announced the end of the Brockhaus encyclopedia brand. Brockhaus had been publishing reference books for two centuries when the media group bought it in 2008. [...] The internet has finished off Brockhaus altogether. [...] What Germans like is Wikipedia.}}</ref> [[Nicholas G. Carr|Nicholas Carr]] wuxuu maqaal kiisii 2005 ee "The amorality of [[Web 2.0]]" ku dhaleeceeyay mareegaha leh [[user-generated content|nuxurka ay isticmaalayaashu abuuraan]], sida Wikipedia, isagoo sheegay inay sababi karaan in soosaarayaasha nuxurka xirfadeed ee uu u arko inay ka tayo sarreeyaan ay shaqooyinkooda waayaan, sababtoo ah "bilaashku mar walba tayada ayuu ka adkaadaa". Carr wuxuu qoray: "Aragtiyaha xamaasadda leh ee Web 2.0 waxaa ku dhex jira awoodda uu hiwaayaduhu leeyahay. Anigu ma qiyaasi karo wax ka argagax badan."<ref name="RType WP traditional media effect 1">{{cite web |last=Carr |first=Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas G. Carr |date=October 3, 2005 |title=The amorality of Web 2.0 |url=https://www.roughtype.com/archives/2005/10/the_amorality_o.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804031256/https://www.roughtype.com/?p=110 |archive-date=August 4, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2006 |website=Rough Type}}</ref> Dad kale ayaa ka horyimid aragtida ah in Wikipedia ama mashaariic la mid ahi ay gebi ahaanba beddeli doonaan daabacaadaha dhaqanka. [[Chris Anderson (writer)|Chris Anderson]], tifaftirihii hore ee guud ee ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', wuxuu ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' ku qoray in habka Wikipedia ee ku dhisan "[[wisdom of the crowd|xigmadda dadweynaha]]" uusan beddeli karin [[scientific journal|joornaallada sayniska]] ee heerka sare leh, kuwaas oo adeegsada habraacyo adag oo [[peer review|dib-u-eegista khubarada kale]] ah.<ref name="nature.com crowds wisdom" /> Saamaynta Wikipedia ku yeelatay ganacsiga daabacaadda taariikh-nololeedyada ayaa walaac ku abuurtay dadka qaarkood. Shirkadda Nielsen [[BookScan]], oo la socota xogta iibka buugaagta, waxay sheegtay sannadkii 2013 in iibka taariikh-nololeedyadu uu si weyn hoos ugu dhacayey.<ref name="Flood-2013" /> [[Kathryn Hughes]], oo ah borofisar ku takhasustay [[life writing|qorista taariikhda nolosha]] ee [[University of East Anglia]], isla markaana ah qoraa laba taariikh-nololeed, ayaa qortay: "Welwelku wuxuu yahay, haddii dhammaan macluumaadkaas laga heli karo Wikipedia, maxaa u haraya taariikh-nololeedka?"<ref name="Flood-2013">{{cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |date=February 7, 2013 |title=Alison Flood: ''Should traditional biography be buried alongside Shakespeare's breakfast?'' |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/feb/07/traditional-biography-shakespeare-breakfast |access-date=June 14, 2014}}</ref> === Adeegsiga cilmi-baarista === Wikipedia waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsaday [[text corpus|urur qoraallo ah]] oo loogu talagalay cilmi-baarista luqadaha kombiyuutarka, [[information retrieval|soo-celinta macluumaadka]] iyo [[natural language processing|falanqaynta luqadda dabiiciga ah]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayo |first=Matthew |date=November 23, 2017 |title=Building a Wikipedia Text Corpus for Natural Language Processing |url=https://www.kdnuggets.com/building-a-wikipedia-text-corpus-natural-language-processing.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528034621/https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/11/building-wikipedia-text-corpus-nlp.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=KDnuggets}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindemann |first=Luke |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Wikipedia Corpus |url=https://lukelindemann.com/wiki_corpus.html |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=lukelindemann.com}}</ref> Gaar ahaan, Wikipedia waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa kayd aqooneed oo lagu xalliyo dhibaatada [[entity linking|isku-xiridda hay'adaha iyo magacyada la aqoonsan karo]], habkaas oo loo yaqaan "wikification",<ref name="wikify">{{cite conference |url=https://www.cse.unt.edu/~tarau/teaching/NLP/papers/Mihalcea-2007-Wikify-Linking_Documents_to_Encyclopedic.pdf |title=Wikify!: linking documents to encyclopedic knowledge |first1=Mihalcea |last1=Rada |first2=Andras |last2=Csomai |author1-link=Rada Mihalcea |date=November 2007 |conference=ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management |book-title=CIKM '07: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218062051/https://www.cse.unt.edu/~tarau/teaching/NLP/papers/Mihalcea-2007-Wikify-Linking_Documents_to_Encyclopedic.pdf |archive-date=February 18, 2016 |location=Lisbon; New York City |pages=233–242 |isbn=978-1-59593-803-9 |doi=10.1145/1321440.1321475 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo dhibaatada la xiriirta ee [[word-sense disambiguation|kala saaridda macnaha ereyada]].<ref name="milne witten WP usage 1">{{cite conference |url=https://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~ihw/papers/08-DNM-IHW-LearningToLinkWithWikipedia.pdf |title=Learning to Link with Wikipedia |first1=David |last1=Milne |first2=Ian H. |last2=Witten |author2-link=Ian H. Witten |date=October 2008 |conference=ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management |book-title=CIKM '08: Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=Napa Valley, CA; New York |pages=509–518 |isbn=978-1-59593-991-3 |doi=10.1145/1458082.1458150 |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-date=2021-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919234816/https://www.cms.waikato.ac.nz/~ihw/papers/08-DNM-IHW-LearningToLinkWithWikipedia.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Hababka wikification-ka la midka ah ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsan karaa in lagu helo xiriiriyeyaasha ka maqan Wikipedia.<ref name="discovering missing WP links 1">{{cite conference |last1=Adafre |first1=Sisay Fissaha |last2=de Rijke |first2=Maarten |author2-link=Maarten de Rijke |date=August 2005 |url=https://staff.science.uva.nl/~mdr/Publications/Files/linkkdd2005.pdf |conference=ACM LinkKDD |location=Chicago; New York City |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=90–97 |doi=10.1145/1134271.1134284 |isbn=978-1-59593-135-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717054413/https://staff.science.uva.nl/~mdr/Publications/Files/linkkdd2005.pdf |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |title=Discovering missing links in Wikipedia |book-title=LinkKDD '05: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Link discovery |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, cilmi-baarayaal Faransiis ah oo kala ahaa José Lages oo ka tirsanaa [[University of Franche-Comté]] ee [[Besançon]] iyo Dima Shepelyansky oo ka tirsanaa [[Paul Sabatier University]] ee [[Toulouse]] ayaa daabacay qiimayn caalami ah oo jaamacadaha lagu kala sarreysiiyay, taas oo ku salaysnayd tixraacyada tacliimeed ee Wikipedia.<ref name=mitmining>{{cite news |title=Wikipedia-Mining Algorithm Reveals World's Most Influential Universities: An algorithm's list of the most influential universities contains some surprising entries |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/ |access-date=December 27, 2015 |work=MIT Technology Review |date=December 7, 2015 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201174817/https://www.technologyreview.com/view/544266/wikipedia-mining-algorithm-reveals-worlds-most-influential-universities/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=harvardisonlymarmow>{{cite news |last1=Marmow Shaw |first1=Jessica |title=Harvard is only the 3rd most influential university in the world, according to this list |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/two-universities-beat-harvard-in-this-surprising-school-ranking-2015-12-09 |access-date=December 27, 2015 |work=MarketWatch |date=December 10, 2015}}</ref><ref name=wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche>{{cite news |last1=Bothwell |first1=Ellie |title=Wikipedia Ranking of World Universities: the top 100. List ranks institutions by search engine results and Wikipedia appearances |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/wikipedia-ranking-world-universities-top-100 |access-date=December 27, 2015 |work=Times Higher Education |date=December 15, 2015}}</ref> Waxay adeegsadeen [[PageRank]], [[CheiRank]] iyo habab xisaabeed oo la mid ah, iyagoo sidoo kale tixgeliyay "tirada jeer ee jaamacad kasta lagu xuso 24-ka qaybood ee luqadeed ee Wikipedia (iyadoo loo kala hormarinayo sida ay u kala horreeyaan) iyo qarnigii la aasaasay jaamacaddu (iyadoo laga bilaabayo tii ugu horreysay)".<ref name=wikipediarankingtimesworldunifranche /><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lages, J. |author2=Patt, A. |author3=Shepelyansky, D. |year=2016 |title=Wikipedia ranking of world universities |journal=European Physical Journal B|Eur. Phys. J. B |volume=89 |page=69 |arxiv=1511.09021 |bibcode=2016EPJB...89...69L |doi=10.1140/epjb/e2016-60922-0 |number=69 |s2cid=1965378}}</ref> Daraasadda waxaa dib loo cusboonaysiiyay sannadkii 2019.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Coquidé, C. |author2=Lages, J. |author3=Shepelyansky, D.L. |year=2019 |title=World influence and interactions of universities from Wikipedia networks. |journal=European Physical Journal B|Eur. Phys. J. B |volume=92 |page=3 |arxiv=1809.00332 |bibcode=2019EPJB...92....3C |doi=10.1140/epjb/e2018-90532-7 |number=3 |s2cid=52154548}}</ref> Diseembar 2015, [[John Julius Norwich]] wuxuu warqad lagu daabacay wargeyska ''[[The Times]]'' ku sheegay in isaga oo taariikhyahan ah uu Wikipedia u adeegsado tixraac "ugu yaraan laba iyo toban jeer maalintii", isla markaana uusan "waligiis ku hungoobin". Wuxuu ku tilmaamay "buug tixraac oo waxtar leh sida kuwa kale ee jira", isagoo sheegay in ay ku jirto xog aad u ballaaran oo ku saabsan dad, meelo iyo waxyaabo kala duwan, taas oo ay adag tahay in la helo wax aanu ka heli karin, xitaa marka uu qorayay labadiisii buug ee ugu dambeeyay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2015 |title=All hail Wikipedia |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/all-hail-wikipedia-l6t9cnhkl5m |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=The Times}}</ref> Daraasad ay MIT samaysay sannadkii 2017 ayaa soo jeedisay in ereyada lagu isticmaalo maqaallada Wikipedia ay saamayn ku yeeshaan ereyada lagu adeegsado daabacaadaha sayniska.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thompson |first1=Neil |last2=Hanley |first2=Douglas |date=February 13, 2018 |title=Science Is Shaped by Wikipedia: Evidence From a Randomized Control Trial |journal=MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 5238-17 |location=Rochester, NY |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3039505 |ssrn=3039505 |s2cid=30918097 |via=SSRN}}</ref> Daraasadaha la xiriira Wikipedia waxay adeegsadeen [[machine learning|barashada mashiinka]] iyo [[artificial intelligence|sirdoonka macmalka ah]]<ref name="NYT-20230718">{{cite news |last=Gertner |first=Jon |title=Wikipedia's Moment of Truth – Can the online encyclopedia help teach A.I. chatbots to get their facts right — without destroying itself in the process? + comment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/18/magazine/wikipedia-ai-chatgpt.html#permid=126389255 |date=July 18, 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230719220706/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/18/magazine/wikipedia-ai-chatgpt.html#permid=126389255 |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref> si ay u taageeraan hawlo kala duwan. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah ogaanshaha otomaatiga ah ee waxyeellaynta maqaallada,<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Sarabadani |first1=Amir |last2=Halfaker |first2=Aaron |last3=Taraborelli |first3=Dario |author2-link=Aaron Halfaker |title=Building automated vandalism detection tools for Wikidata |date=April 2017 |conference=26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |book-title=WWW '17 Companion: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=Perth; New York |pages=1647–1654 |isbn=978-1-4503-4914-7 |doi=10.1145/3041021.3053366 |arxiv=1703.03861}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last1=Potthast |first1=Martin |last2=Stein |first2=Benno |last3=Gerling |first3=Robert |title=Automatic Vandalism Detection in Wikipedia |book-title=Advances in Information Retrieval |date=2008 |volume=4956 |pages=663–668 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_75 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |isbn=978-3-540-78645-0 |editor1-first=Craig |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor2-first=Iadh |editor2-last=Ounis |editor3-first=Vassilis |editor3-last=Plachouras |editor4-first=Ian |editor4-last=Ruthven |editor5-first=Ryen W. |editor5-last=White |conference=30th ECIR |location=Glasgow |publisher=Springer}}</ref> iyo qiimaynta [[data quality|tayada xogta]] ee Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asthana |first1=Sumit |last2=Halfaker |first2=Aaron |author2-link=Aaron Halfaker |editor1-last=Lampe |editor1-first=Cliff |editor1-link=Cliff Lampe |title=With Few Eyes, All Hoaxes are Deep |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=November 2018 |volume=2 |issue=CSCW |doi=10.1145/3274290 |at=21 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |location=New York City |issn=2573-0142 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Petroni |first1=Fabio |last2=Broscheit |first2=Samuel |last3=Piktus |first3=Aleksandra |last4=Lewis |first4=Patrick |last5=Izacard |first5=Gautier |last6=Hosseini |first6=Lucas |last7=Dwivedi-Yu |first7=Jane |last8=Lomeli |first8=Maria |last9=Schick |first9=Timo|last10=Bevilacqua|first10=Michele |last11=Mazaré |first11=Pierre-Emmanuel |last12=Joulin |first12=Armand |last13=Grave |first13=Edouard |last14=Riedel |first14=Sebastian |title=Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI |journal=Nature Machine Intelligence |date=2023 |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1148 |doi=10.1038/s42256-023-00726-1 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2207.06220}}</ref> == Mashaariicda La xiriira == Ensiklabeediyeyaasha multimedia isdhexgalka ah ee ku jira maqaallada ay qortay bulshadu waxay jireen waqti dheer ka hor intaan la aasaasin Wikipedia. Midka ugu horreeyay ee kuwan ka mid ah wuxuu ahaa [[BBC Domesday Project]] ee 1986, kaas oo ka koobnaa qoraal (oo lagu geliyay kombuyuutarrada [[BBC Micro]]) iyo sawirro ka yimid in ka badan hal milyan oo tabaruceyaal ah oo ku sugan UK, wuxuna daboolay juqraafiyada, fanka, iyo dhaqanka UK. Tani waxay ahayd ensiklabeediyada multimedia isdhexgalka ah ee ugu horreysay (waxay kaloo ahayd dukumeentigii ugu horreeyay ee multimedia ee weyn oo lagu xiray xiriirada gudaha), iyadoo maqaallada badankood ay ahaayeen kuwo la heli karo iyadoo la marinayo khariidad isdhexgalka ah ee UK. Interface-ka isticmaalaha iyo qayb ka mid ah nuxurka Domesday Project waxaa laga sameeyay mareeg ilaa 2008.<ref name="Domesday Project" /> Ensiklabeediyeyaasha la wadaago ee nuxurka xorta ah waxaa la abuuray waqti la mid ah Wikipedia (tusaale [[Everything2]]),<ref>{{cite news |last=Frauenfelder |first=Mark |date=November 21, 2000 |title=The next generation of online encyclopedias |website=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/11/21/net.gen.encyclopedias.idg/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040814034109/https://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/11/21/net.gen.encyclopedias.idg/index.html |archive-date=August 14, 2004}}</ref> iyadoo qaar badan oo dambe lagu daray mashruuca (tusaale [[GNE (encyclopedia)|GNE]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Free Encyclopedia Project |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=GNU Operating System |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mid ka mid ah ensiklabeediyeyaasha online-ka ah ee ugu guulaha badan ee ku daray maqaallada bulshada wuxuu ahaa [[h2g2]], kaas oo uu abuuray [[Douglas Adams]] 1999. Ensiklabeediyada h2g2 waa mid fudud oo fudud, oo diiradda saaraysa maqaallada ah kuwo xiiso leh oo wata macluumaad.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Harriet |date=May 31, 1998 |title=The Hitchhikers Guide to the New Economy |work=Fast Company |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/34100/hitchhikers-guide-new-economy |access-date=February 4, 2023}}</ref> Mareegaha [[knowledge base|aqoonta]] la wadaago ee xiga ayaa ka soo qaatay dhiirrigelin Wikipedia. Kuwa kale waxay isticmaalaan [[peer review|dib-u-eegis asxaabtu]] dhaqameed, sida ''[[Encyclopedia of Life]]'' iyo ensiklabeediyeyaasha wiki ee online-ka ah ''[[Scholarpedia]]'' iyo [[Citizendium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encyclopedia of Life |url=http://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/eol |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=National Museum of Natural History |publisher=Smithsonian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarpedia: the free peer-reviewed encyclopedia |url=http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104006/http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 22, 2012 |website=Society of Applied Neuroscience}}</ref> Kan dambe waxaa bilaabay Sanger isku day lagu doonayo in lagu abuuro beddel lagu kalsoonaan karo oo Wikipedia ah.<ref name="Orlowski18" /><ref name="JayLyman">{{cite news |first=Jay |last=Lyman |url=https://www.crmbuyer.com/story/53137.html |title=Wikipedia Co-Founder Planning New Expert-Authored Site |publisher=LinuxInsider |date=September 20, 2006 |access-date=June 27, 2007 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002933/http://www.crmbuyer.com/story/53137.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Qoraallada hoose == {{Notelist|30em}} == Tixraacyada == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="nature.com crowds wisdom">{{cite web |title=Technical solutions: Wisdom of the crowds |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/peerreview/debate/nature04992.html |website=Nature |access-date=October 10, 2006}}</ref> <!-- unused <ref name="Alexa siteinfo">{{cite web |title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors |url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |access-date=October 1, 2019}}</ref> --> <ref name=comscore>{{cite web |url=https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849 |title=694 Million People Currently Use the Internet Worldwide According To comScore Networks |date=May 4, 2006 |publisher=comScore |access-date=December 16, 2007 |quote=Wikipedia has emerged as a site that continues to increase in popularity, both globally and in the US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730011713/https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 30, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="Wikipedia users">{{cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Rainie |first2=Bill |last2=Tancer |title=Wikipedia users |publisher=Pew Research Center |website=Pew Internet & American Life Project |date=December 15, 2007 |quote=36% of online American adults consult Wikipedia. It is particularly popular with the well-educated and current college-age students. |url=https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf |access-date=December 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306031354/https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 6, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="Bourgeois">{{cite web |url=https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf |title=Bourgeois et al. v. Peters et al. |access-date=February 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203021430/https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 3, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Courts turn to Wikipedia">{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date=January 29, 2007 |title=Courts Turn to Wikipedia, but Selectively |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29wikipedia.html |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="US Intelligence">{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/03/the_wikipedia_factor_in_us_int.html |title=The Wikipedia Factor in US Intelligence |first=Steven |last=Aftergood |publisher=Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy |date=March 21, 2007 |access-date=April 14, 2007 |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118113948/http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/03/the_wikipedia_factor_in_us_int.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Declan">{{cite journal |last=Butler |first=Declan |date=December 16, 2008 |title=Publish in Wikipedia or perish |journal=Nature News |doi=10.1038/news.2008.1312}}</ref> <ref name=MiliardWho>{{cite news |url=https://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-5129-feature-wikipediots-who-are-these-devoted-even-obsessive-contributors-to-wikipedia.html |first=Mike |last=Miliard |title=Wikipediots: Who Are These Devoted, Even Obsessive Contributors to Wikipedia? |work=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]] |date=March 1, 2008 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |archive-date=April 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402034719/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-5129-feature-wikipediots-who-are-these-devoted-even-obsessive-contributors-to-wikipedia.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Time2006>{{cite news |date=December 13, 2006 |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |title=Time's Person of the Year: You |magazine=Time |access-date=December 26, 2008 |first=Lev |last=Grossman |archive-date=March 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304050538/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="AcademiaAndWikipedia">{{cite web |first=Danah |last=Boyd |url=https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316184224/https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 16, 2006 |title=Academia and Wikipedia |website=Many 2 Many: A Group We[[blog]] on Social Software |publisher=Corante |date=January 4, 2005 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |quote=[The author, Danah Boyd, describes herself as] an expert on social media[,] [...] a doctoral student in the School of Information at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] [,] and a fellow at the Harvard University [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]] [at [[Harvard Law School]].]}}</ref> <ref name="MIT_IBM_study">{{cite book |first1=Fernanda B. |last1=Viégas |first2=Martin |last2=Wattenberg |first3=Kushal |last3=Dave |title=CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems |chapter=The palm zire 71 camera interface |url=https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125025047/https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 25, 2006 |pages=575–582 |year=2004 |doi=10.1145/985921.985953 |isbn=978-1-58113-702-6 |s2cid=10351688 |access-date=January 24, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="CreatingDestroyingAndRestoringValue">{{cite journal |first1=Reid |last1=Priedhorsky |first2=Jilin |last2=Chen |author3=Shyong (Tony) K. Lam |first4=Katherine |last4=Panciera |first5=Loren |last5=Terveen |first6=John |last6=Riedl |title=Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia |journal=Association for Computing Machinery Group '07 Conference Proceedings; GroupLens Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota |date=November 4, 2007 |url=https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf |access-date=October 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025080718/https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="Sidener-2004">{{cite news |url=https://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |first=Jonathan |last=Sidener |title=Everyone's Encyclopedia |date=December 6, 2004 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |access-date=October 15, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011150228/https://signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 11, 2007}}</ref> <ref name=Meyers>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Meyers |title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes+Topics%2FSubjects%2FC%2FComputer+Software |work=The New York Times |date=September 20, 2001 |quote='I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph,' said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Wikipedia with Mr. Wales. |access-date=November 22, 2007}}</ref> <ref name=SangerMemoir>{{cite news |first=Larry |last=Sanger |title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir |date=April 18, 2005 |work=Slashdot |url=https://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="EB_encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Encyclopedias and Dictionaries |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |year=2007 |volume=18 |pages=257–286}}</ref> <ref name=Shirky>{{cite book |first=Clay |last=Shirky |author-link=Clay Shirky |title=Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations |year=2008 |publisher=The Penguin Press via Amazon Online Reader |url=https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir |isbn=978-1-59420-153-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir/page/273 273] |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> <ref name=FAZ>{{cite web |last=Thiel |first=Thomas |title=Wikipedia und Amazon: Der Marketplace soll es richten |website=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |language=de |date=September 27, 2010 |url=https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |access-date=December 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126184904/https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 26, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="Seigenthaler">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-11-29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm |last=Seigenthaler |first=John |title=A False Wikipedia 'biography' |date=November 29, 2005 |work=USA Today |access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> <ref name="Torsten_Kleinz">{{cite news |first=Torsten |last=Kleinz |title=World of Knowledge |work=Linux Magazine |quote=The Wikipedia's open structure makes it a target for trolls and vandals who malevolently add incorrect information to articles, get other people tied up in endless discussions, and generally do everything to draw attention to themselves. |date=February 2005 |url=https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf |access-date=July 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925220722/https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="DeathByWikipedia">{{cite news |title=Death by Wikipedia: The Kenneth Lay Chronicles |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800135.html |first=Frank |last=Ahrens |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 9, 2006 |access-date=November 1, 2006}}</ref> <ref name="wikiality">{{cite news |title=Wikiality |url=https://www.cc.com/video-clips/z1aahs/the-colbert-report-the-word---wikiality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911230950/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/z1aahs/the-colbert-report-the-word---wikiality |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2015 |first=Stephen |last=Colbert |date=July 30, 2006 |access-date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Seeing Corporate Fingerprints">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/technology/19wikipedia.html |title=Lifting Corporate Fingerprints From the Editing of Wikipedia |first=Katie |last=Hafner |work=The New York Times |date=August 19, 2007 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |page=1}}</ref> <ref name=Taylor>{{cite news |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idINIndia-32865420080405 |title=China allows access to English Wikipedia |work=Reuters |first=Sophie |last=Taylor |date=April 5, 2008 |access-date=July 29, 2008 |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229092049/https://in.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idINIndia-32865420080405 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="McHenry_2004">{{cite news |last1=McHenry |first1=Robert |title=The Faith-Based Encyclopedia |url=https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html |work=[[TCS Daily|Tech Central Station]] |date=November 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107210301/https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 7, 2006}}</ref> <ref name="WideWorldOfWikipedia">{{cite news |title=Wide World of Wikipedia |newspaper=The Emory Wheel |url=https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902 |date=April 21, 2006 |access-date=October 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107052908/https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 7, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="AWorkInProgress">{{cite news |first=Burt |last=Helm |title=Wikipedia: 'A Work in Progress' |url=https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date=December 14, 2005 |access-date=January 29, 2007 |archive-date=April 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421000522/https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="GilesJ2005Internet">{{cite journal |first=Jim |last=Giles |title=Internet encyclopedias go head to head |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=438 |issue=7070 |pages=900–901 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16355180 |doi=10.1038/438900a |author-link=Jim Giles (reporter) |bibcode=2005Natur.438..900G |doi-access=free}} {{subscription required}} Note: The study was cited in several news articles; e.g.: * {{cite news |title=Wikipedia survives research test |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4530930.stm |date=December 15, 2005}}</ref> <ref name="corporate.britannica.com">{{cite report |author=Encyclopædia Britannica |author-link=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=March 2006 |title=Fatally Flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal ''Nature'' |url=https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709053629/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf |archive-date=July 9, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="stothart">Chloe Stothart. [https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408 "Web threatens learning ethos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140310/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408|date=December 21, 2012}} ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 2007, 1799 (June 22), p. 2.</ref> <ref name="The Register-April">{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/09/sanger_reports_wikimedia_to_the_fbi/ |work=The Register |date=April 9, 2010 |first=Cade |last=Metz |title=Wikifounder reports Wikiparent to FBI over 'child porn' |access-date=April 19, 2010}}</ref> <ref name=AFP>{{cite news |last1=Agence France-Presse |title=Wikipedia rejects child porn accusation |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=April 29, 2010}}</ref> <ref name="David_Mehegan">{{cite news |first=David |last=Mehegan |title=Many contributors, common cause |url=http://archive.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2006/02/13/many_contributors_common_cause/ |work=The Boston Globe |date=February 13, 2006 |access-date=March 25, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="user identification">{{cite web |title=The Authority of Wikipedia |url=https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122202231/https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 22, 2009 |first=Jean |last=Goodwin |year=2009 |quote=Wikipedia's commitment to anonymity/pseudonymity thus imposes a sort of epistemic agnosticism on its readers |access-date=January 31, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="WP_court_source">{{cite journal |last=Arias |first=Martha L. |date=January 29, 2007 |url=https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668 |title=Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia and its Use as Court Source |journal=Internet Business Law Services |access-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520054827/https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 20, 2012}} (The name "''World Intellectual Property Office''" should however read "''World Intellectual Property Organization''" in this source.)</ref> <ref name=twsY23>{{cite news |author=Lexington |title=Classlessness in America: The uses and abuses of an enduring myth |newspaper=The Economist |quote=Socialist Labour Party of America [...] though it can trace its history as far back as 1876, when it was known as the Workingmen's Party, no less an authority than Wikipedia pronounces it "moribund". |date=September 24, 2011 |url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2011/09/24/classlessness-in-america |access-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Domesday Project">{{cite web |url=https://www.domesday1986.com/ |title=Website discussing the emulator of the Domesday Project User Interface |author=Heart Internet |access-date=September 9, 2014 |archive-date=May 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517075130/http://domesday1986.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Orlowski18">{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Orlowski |author-link=Andrew Orlowski |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/18/sanger_forks_wikipedia |title=Wikipedia founder forks Wikipedia, More experts, less fiddling? |work=The Register |date=September 18, 2006 |quote=Larry Sanger describes the Citizendium project as a "progressive or gradual fork", with the major difference that experts have the final say over edits. |access-date=June 27, 2007}}</ref> <ref name="bing WP research and referencing">{{cite news |url=https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023202054/https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 23, 2010 |title=Researching With Bing Reference |newspaper=Bing Community |access-date=September 9, 2014}}</ref> <ref name="J Sidener">{{cite news |url=https://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html |title=Wikipedia family feud rooted in San Diego |last=Sidener |first=Jonathan |date=October 9, 2006 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111074945/https://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 11, 2016 |access-date=May 5, 2009}}</ref> <ref name="emory_p_181">{{cite journal |title=Wikitruth through Wikiorder |ssrn=1354424 |journal=Emory Law Journal |volume=59 |issue=1 |year=2009 |page=181 |first1=David A. |last1=Hoffman |first2=Salil K. |last2=Mehra}}</ref> <!--Wikipedia internal pages, other WMF project pages, and WMF-published sources--> <ref name=modelling>[[Wikipedia: Modelling Wikipedia's growth]]</ref> <ref name=WikipediaHome>{{cite web |url=https://www.wikipedia.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/https://www.wikipedia.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 31, 2001 |title=Wikipedia: HomePage |access-date=March 31, 2001}}</ref> <ref name="WP vandalism manipulation 1">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Vandalism|Burburin}}. ''Wikipedia''. Retrieved November 6, 2012.</ref> <ref name="WP DB usage policy 1">{{self-reference link|Wikipedia:Database download|Qawaacidda Wikipedia}} on data download</ref> <ref name="voteresult">[[meta:Licensing update/Result|Wikimedia]]</ref> <ref name="Wikipedia in media">[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media]]</ref> <ref name="ListOfWikipedias">[[Special:Statistics]]</ref> <ref name="stallman1999">{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |title=The Free Encyclopedia Project |first=Richard M. |last=Stallman |author-link=Richard Stallman |date=June 20, 2007 |publisher=Free Software Foundation |access-date=January 4, 2008 |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916022442/https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} === Ilaha === * {{cite book |last1=McDowell |first1=Zachary |last2=Vetter |first2=Matthew |title=[[Wikipedia and the Representation of Reality]] |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-367-55571-9 |pages=1–107}} == Akhris Dheeraad ah == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite news |last=Balke |first=Jeff |url=https://blogs.chron.com/brokenrecord/2008/03/for_music_fans_wikipedia_myspa.html |title=For Music Fans: Wikipedia; MySpace |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |agency=Broken Record (blog) |date=March 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2008 |archive-date=December 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229164945/http://blogs.chron.com/brokenrecord/2008/03/for_music_fans_wikipedia_myspa.html |url-status=dead}} * {{cite news |last=Borland |first=John |date=August 14, 2007 |title=See Who's Editing Wikipedia – Diebold, the CIA, a Campaign |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/08/wiki-tracker/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116134820/https://www.wired.com/2007/08/wiki-tracker/ |archive-date=November 16, 2015 |url-status=live |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=October 23, 2018}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/01/magazine/01WIKIPEDIA-t.html |title=All the News That's Fit to Print Out |first=Jonathan |last=Dee |work=The New York Times Magazine |date=July 1, 2007 |access-date=February 22, 2008}} * {{cite news |first=Jim |last=Giles |title=Wikipedia 2.0 – Now with Added Trust |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19526226.200 |date=September 20, 2007 |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=January 14, 2008}} * {{cite news |first=Mike |last=Miliard |title=Wikipedia Rules |url=https://thephoenix.com/Boston/Life/52864-Wikipedia-rules |work=[[The Phoenix (newspaper)|The Phoenix]] |date=December 2, 2007 |access-date=February 22, 2008}} * {{cite news |first=Marshall |last=Poe |author-link=Marshall Poe |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia |title=The Hive |work=[[The Atlantic]] Monthly |date=September 1, 2006 |access-date=March 22, 2008}} * {{cite news |first=Michael S. |last=Rosenwald |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/22/AR2009102204715.html?hpid=topnews |title=Gatekeeper of D.C.'s Entry: Road to City's Wikipedia Page Goes Through a DuPont Circle Bedroom |date=October 23, 2009 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 22, 2009}} * {{cite news |first=David |last=Runciman |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n10/runc01_.html |title=Like Boiling a Frog |date=May 28, 2009 |work=London Review of Books |access-date=June 3, 2009 |archive-date=May 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527013530/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n10/runc01_.html |url-status=dead}} * [[Gary Stix|Stix, Gary]], "Wiki-Curious: Are you a 'Busybody,' a 'Hunter" or a 'Dancer'?", ''[[Scientific American]]'', vol. 332, no. 2 (February 2025), p. 18. "'Curiosity actually works by connecting pieces of information, not just acquiring them.'" * {{cite news |first=Chris |last=Taylor |url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1066904-1,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050602012551/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1066904-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 2, 2005 |title=It's a Wiki, Wiki World |date=May 29, 2005 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=February 22, 2008}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11484062 |title=Technological Quarterly: Brain Scan: The Free-knowledge Fundamentalist |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=June 5, 2008 |quote=Jimmy Wales changed the world with Wikipedia, the hugely popular online encyclopedia that anyone can edit. What will he do next?}} * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24613608 "Wikipedia Probe into Paid-For 'Sockpuppet' Entries"], BBC News, October 21, 2013. * [https://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ "The Decline of Wikipedia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |date=20140104044513 }} {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20131023135648/https://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the%2Ddecline%2Dof%2Dwikipedia/|date=October 23, 2013 }}, ''MIT Technology Review'', October 22, 2013 * [https://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/03/8563947/edits-wikipedia-pages-bell-garner-diallo-traced-1-police-plaza "Edits to Wikipedia pages on Bell, Garner, Diallo traced to 1{{nbsp}}Police Plaza"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/03/8563947/edits-wikipedia-pages-bell-garner-diallo-traced-1-police-plaza |date=20150313150951 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313150951/https://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/03/8563947/edits-wikipedia-pages-bell-garner-diallo-traced-1-police-plaza|date=March 13, 2015 }} (March 2015), ''[[Media in New York's Capital District|Capital]]'' * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/wikipedia-zero-facebook-free-basics-angola-pirates-zero-rating/ Angola's Wikipedia Pirates Are Exposing Problems] (March 2016), ''[[Vice (magazine)|Motherboard]]'' * {{cite web |url=https://fullmeasure.news/news/politics/dark-side-of-wikipedia |title=Dark Side of Wikipedia |work=Full Measure |access-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804110601/https://fullmeasure.news/news/politics/dark-side-of-wikipedia |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 4, 2016}} ''[[Full Measure with Sharyl Attkisson]]'', April 17, 2016. <small>(Includes video.)</small> * {{cite web |last1=Wales |first1=Jimmy |title=How Wikipedia Works |url=https://www.cato.org/multimedia/cato-daily-podcast/how-wikipedia-works |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |date=December 9, 2016 |quote=Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia, discusses the site, how it's treated by governments, and how it's fueled by its users.}} * [https://www.cbc.ca/ideas/episodes/2014/01/15/the-great-book-of-knowledge-part-1/ The Great Book of Knowledge, Part 1: A Wiki is a Kind of Bus], ''[[Ideas (radio show)|Ideas, with Paul Kennedy]]'', [[CBC Radio One]], originally broadcast January 15, 2014. The webpage includes a link to the archived audio program (also [https://www.cbc.ca/ideas/popupaudio.html?clipIds=2430203709 found here]). The radio documentary discusses Wikipedia's history, development, and its place within the broader scope of the trend to democratized knowledge. It also includes interviews with several key Wikipedia staff and contributors, including [[Kat Walsh]] and [[Sue Gardner]] (audio, 53:58, Flash required). * [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/is-wikipedia-cracking-up-1543527.html "So Is Wikipedia Cracking Up?"] ''The Independent'', February 3, 2009. * [https://gizmodo.com/wikipedias-yearend-list-shows-what-the-internet-needed-1840690794 Wikipedia's Year-End List Shows What the Internet Needed to Know in 2019]. Alyse Stanley, December 27, 2019, Gizmodo. {{refend}} === Daraasaadka Tacliimeed === {{Main|Academic studies about Wikipedia}} {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |isbn=978-1-4214-1535-2 |last=Leitch |first=Thomas |title=Wikipedia U: Knowledge, authority, and a liberal education in the digital age |year=2014 |publisher=JHU Press}} * {{cite journal |last=Jensen |first=Richard |title=Military History on the Electronic Frontier: Wikipedia Fights the War of 1812 |journal=The Journal of Military History |volume=76 |issue=4 |date=October 2012 |pages=523–556 |url=https://www.americanhistoryprojects.com/downloads/JMH1812.PDF |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021042738/https://www.americanhistoryprojects.com/downloads/JMH1812.PDF |archive-date=October 21, 2012}} * {{cite journal |title=Circadian Patterns of Wikipedia Editorial Activity: A Demographic Analysis |first1=Taha |last1=Yasseri |year=2012 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |first2=Robert |last2=Sumi |first3=János |last3=Kertész |issue=1 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030091 |editor1-last=Szolnoki |editor1-first=Attila |article-number=e30091 |pmid=22272279 |pmc=3260192 |arxiv=1109.1746 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...730091Y |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |ssrn=1458162 |title=Wikipedia's Labor Squeeze and Its Consequences |first=Eric |last=Goldman |year=2010 |journal=Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law |volume=8}} ([https://blog.ericgoldman.org/archives/2010/02/catching_up_wit.htm A blog post by the author.]) * {{cite journal |first=Finn |last=Nielsen |title=Scientific Citations in Wikipedia |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |volume=12 |issue=8 |date=August 2007 |doi=10.5210/fm.v12i8.1997 |arxiv=0805.1154 |s2cid=58893 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Pfeil |first1=Ulrike |first2=Panayiotis |last2=Zaphiris |author3=Chee Siang Ang |title=Cultural Differences in Collaborative Authoring of Wikipedia |journal=Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication |year=2006 |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=88 |doi=10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00316.x |doi-access=free}} * {{cite book |author1=Priedhorsky |author2=Reid |first3=Jilin |last3=Chen |author4=Shyong (Tony) K. Lam |first5=Katherine |last5=Panciera |author6-link=Loren Terveen |first6=Loren |last6=Terveen |author7-link=John Riedl |first7=John |last7=Riedl |title=Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Conference on supporting group work – Group '07 |doi=10.1145/1316624.1316663 |chapter=Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59593-845-9 |pages=259–268 |s2cid=15350808}} * {{cite conference |first=Joseph |last=Reagle |title=Do as I Do: Authorial Leadership in Wikipedia |work=WikiSym '07: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Wikis |publisher=ACM |location=Montreal |year=2007 |url=https://reagle.org/joseph/2007/10/Wikipedia-Authorial-Leadership.pdf |hdl=2047/d20002876 |access-date=December 26, 2008}} * {{cite book |first=Emiel |last=Rijshouwer |date=2019 |title=Organizing Democracy. Power Concentration and Self-Organization in the Evolution of Wikipedia (PhD, Erasmus University Rotterdam) |publisher=Rijksuniversiteit Groningen |oclc=1081174169 |hdl=1765/113937 |isbn=978-94-028-1371-5}} (Open access) * [[Roy Rosenzweig|Rosenzweig, Roy]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090430201444/https://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/42 Can History be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past]. (Originally published in ''[[The Journal of American History]]'' 93.1 (June 2006): 117–146.) * {{cite journal |title=Assessing the Value of Cooperation in Wikipedia |first1=Dennis M. |last1=Wilkinson |first2=Bernardo A. |last2=Huberman |journal=First Monday |volume=12 |issue=4 |date=April 2007 |doi=10.5210/fm.v12i4.1763 |arxiv=cs/0702140 |bibcode=2007cs........2140W |hdl=2027.42/136037 |s2cid=10484077 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |title=The Rise and Decline of an Open Collaboration Community |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |first=Aaron |last=Halfaker |author2=R. Stuart Geiger |first3=Jonathan T. |last3=Morgan |first4=John |last4=Riedl |doi=10.1177/0002764212469365 |year=2012 |volume=57 |issue=5 |page=664 |s2cid=144208941}} * {{cite journal |last1=Maggio |first1=Lauren A. |last2=Willinsky |first2=John M. |last3=Steinberg |first3=Ryan M. |last4=Mietchen |first4=Daniel |last5=Wass |first5=Joseph L. |last6=Dong |first6=Ting |author2-link=John Willinsky |title=Wikipedia as a Gateway to Biomedical Research: The Relative Distribution and Use of Citations in the English Wikipedia |journal=[[PLOS One]] |date=2017 |volume=12 |issue=12 |article-number=e0190046 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0190046 |publisher=[[PLOS]] |pmid=29267345 |pmc=5739466 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1290046M |doi-access=free}} {{refend}} === Buugaag === {{Main|List of books about Wikipedia}} {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Keen |first=Andrew |title=The Cult of the Amateur |publisher=Doubleday/Currency |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-385-52080-5 |author-link=Andrew Keen |title-link=The Cult of the Amateur}} (Substantial criticisms of Wikipedia and other web 2.0 projects.) ** Listen to: {{cite news |last=Keen |first=Andrew |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11131872 |title=Does the Internet Undermine Culture? |newspaper=National Public Radio, US |date=June 16, 2007}} The NPR interview with A. Keen, Weekend Edition Saturday, June 16, 2007. * {{cite book |first1=Phoebe |last1=Ayers |first2=Charles |last2=Matthews |first3=Ben |last3=Yates |title=How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It |publisher=No Starch Press |location=San Francisco |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59327-176-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/howwikipediawork00ayer_0}} * {{cite book |last=Broughton |first=John |title=Wikipedia – The Missing Manual |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-596-51516-4 |title-link=Wikipedia – The Missing Manual}} (See book review by Baker, as listed hereafter.) * {{cite book |last=Broughton |first=John |title=Wikipedia Reader's Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780596521745 |url-access=registration |publisher=Pogue Press |location=Sebastopol |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-596-52174-5}} * {{cite book |first1=Sheizaf |last1=Rafaeli |first2=Yaron |last2=Ariel |year=2008 |chapter=Online motivational factors: Incentives for participation and contribution in Wikipedia |editor=Barak, A. |title=Psychological Aspects of Cyberspace: Theory, Research, Applications |url=https://archive.org/details/psychologicalasp00bara |url-access=limited |pages=[https://archive.org/details/psychologicalasp00bara/page/n261 243]–267 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-69464-3 |author1-link=Sheizaf Rafaeli}} * {{cite book |last=Dalby |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Dalby |title=The World and Wikipedia: How We are Editing Reality |publisher=Siduri |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9562052-0-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldwikipediaho0000dalb}} * {{cite book |last=Lih |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Lih |title=The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4013-0371-6 |title-link=The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia}} * {{cite book |last=O'Sullivan |first=Dan |title=Wikipedia: A New Community of Practice? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htu8A-m_Y4EC |year=2009 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-7433-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Rahmstorf |first1=Olaf |title=Wikipedia – die rationale Seite der Digitalisierung? |date=2023 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-5862-4 |language=de}} * {{cite book |last=Reagle |first=Joseph Michael Jr. |title=Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia |publisher=the [[MIT Press]] |location=Cambridge, MA |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-262-01447-2 |url=https://reagle.org/joseph/2010/gfc |access-date=October 25, 2015}} * {{cite book |first1=Dariusz |last1=Jemielniak |title=Common Knowledge? An Ethnography of Wikipedia |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |location=Stanford, CA |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-8047-8944-8 |title-link=Common Knowledge? An Ethnography of Wikipedia}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Reagle |editor1-first=Joseph |editor2-last=Koerner |editor2-first=Jackie |url=https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/4956/Wikipedia-20Stories-of-an-Incomplete-Revolution |title=Wikipedia @ 20: Stories of an Incomplete Revolution |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |year=2020 |doi=10.7551/mitpress/12366.001.0001 |access-date=October 13, 2020 |isbn=978-0-262-53817-6}} * {{Cite book |last=Bruckman |first=Amy S. |title=Should You Believe Wikipedia?: Online Communities and the Construction of Knowledge |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-78070-4 |doi=10.1017/9781108780704}} {{refend}} === Maqaallada dib-u-eegista buugaagta === {{refbegin}} * [[Nicholson Baker|Baker, Nicholson]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080303001807/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/21131 "The Charms of Wikipedia"]. ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', March 20, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008. (Book rev. of ''The Missing Manual'', by John Broughton, as listed previously.) * [[L. Gordon Crovitz|Crovitz, L. Gordon]]. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123897399273491031 "Wikipedia's Old-Fashioned Revolution: The Online Encyclopedia Is Fast Becoming the Best."] (Originally published in ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' online{{snd}}April 6, 2009.) * [[Virginia Postrel|Postrel, Virginia]], [https://psmag.com/social-justice/killed-wikipedia-93777 "Who Killed Wikipedia?: A Hardened Corps of Volunteer Editors Is the Only Force Protecting Wikipedia. They Might Also Be Killing It"], ''[[Pacific Standard]]'', November/December 2014 issue. {{refend}} == Xiriirinta Dibadda == {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} – boggag badan (waxaa ku jira xiriirada dhammaan noocyada luqadaha) * {{Twitter|Wikipedia}} * {{Instagram|Wikipedia}} * [https://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/wikipedia Wikipedia] topic page at ''[[The New York Times]]'' * [https://www.ted.com/talks/jimmy_wales_the_birth_of_wikipedia Video of TED talk by Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia] * {{cite journal |journal=Nature |title=Why these scientists devote time to editing and updating Wikipedia |first=Christine |last=Ro |date=February 19, 2025 |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00244-7 |pmid=39972088}} 0fjixxll4fj6xn1bm9g7o8gxr4rupvk Awdal 0 1995 312194 311821 2026-11-10T22:32:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Awdal | native_name = {{native name|so|italics=no|Awdal}} <br /> {{native name|ar|italics=no|أودَل}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobol]] | image_skyline = [[File:Zayla.jpg|280px]] | imagesize = | image_caption = Burburkii Muslimiinta [[Cadal Sultanate|Suldaanka Cadal]] ee [[Saylac]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | motto = [[waxbarasho]], [[Nabad]] iyo [[Barwaaqo]]. | image_map = Awdal in Somaliland.svg | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somaliland | map_caption = Goobta Somaliland. | coordinates = {{coord|10|48|3|N|43|21|7|E|type:adm1st_region:SO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag| Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = June 1984 | seat_type = [[Xarunta maamulka]] | seat = [[Boorama]] | government_type = Goboleed | leader_title = [[Gudoomiyaha Awdal|Gudoomiye]] | leader_name = [[Muxumed Xasan Jaamac]] (Tiimbaro)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protests turn violent in Borama: demonstrators seek justice for fallen coast guard officer |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 21,374 | elevation_m = 2,136 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 636108 | population_as_of = 2024, estimate<ref name=ipc2024>{{Cite web|url=https://fsnau.org/downloads/Somalia-2024-Post-Gu-Acute-Food-Insecurity-Rural-Urban-and-IDP-Population-Stressed-Crisis-and-Emergency-%28Projection-Oct-Dec-2024%29.pdf|title=IPC Population Estimates: Projection (Oct-Dec 2024)|author=|date=|work=IPC|access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 30<!--636108/21374--> | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.401<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#500|low}} · [[Liiska gobollada Soomaaliya marka loo eego Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|3aad]] | area_code = +252 | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | official_name = | iso_code = SO-AW | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_max_ft = 8,635 | population_density_urban_km2 = <!--287,822 no source--> }} '''Awdal'''([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Awdal, [[Carabi]]: أودَل) waa gobol ku yaalo Galbeed ka dalka [[Somaliland|Somalia]]<ref name="Cwfsom">{{cite web |title = Somalia |work = The World Factbook |publisher = Central Intelligence Agency |location = Langley, Virginia |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |accessdate = 6 December 2013 |ciwaan = Nuqul Archive |archive-date = 1 Bisha Todobaad 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref name="Awr">{{cite web | title = Awdal Region | url = http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/121024_Administrative_Map_Awdal_A4.pdf | accessdate = 30 January 2014 }}</ref>. Awdal waxay ka go'day gobolka [[Woqooyi Galbeed]] ayna noqotay gobol [[1984]]. <ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 }}</ref> . Dhinaca bariga waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[saaxil]] Dhinaca GalbeedKa waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Jabuuti]] , koonfurta waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Itoobiya]] iyo Dhinaca woqooyiga neh [[Gacanka Cadmeed]]<ref>E. H. M. Clifford, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "The British Somalia-Ethiopia Boundary", ''Geographical Journal''] , Vol. 87, No. 4 (Apr. 1936), p. 296</ref>. Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad lagu qiyaasey 673,263 oo qof<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | url-status = }}</ref>. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix degmo [[Boorama]] oo ah xarunta gobolka, [[Baki|Gebiley Wajaale Baki]] ,[[Lughaya]] , iyo [[Saylac]]. ==Hordhac== Gobolkan waa gobol taariikh dheer leh oo xadaarad suldaanimo, boqortooyo iyo ismaamul dheer soo lahaa mudo aad u dheer. Boqortooyada [[Adal]] waxay ka mid tahay awooodihii ugu caansanaa ee ka soo talin jirey gobolka Awdal. Awdal waxaa magaalo madax u ah caasimada [[Boorama]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn gobolka. Gobolkan waa gobolada ugu horumarsan woqooyiga gaar ahaan woqooyi galbeed, xag dhaqaale, waxbarsho, diineed iyo isgaadhsiineedba. ==Sharaxaada== [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|Burburkii Saldanadii Adal ee Saylac Somaliland .]] Awdal (أودل) waxa ay magaceeda ka soo qaadatay Adal Sultanate (عَدَل) dhexe oo asalkeedu ahaa Saylac . Dhulka ku teedsan xuduudka Itoobiya waa magaalo aad u badan oo burbursan, taasoo uu ku tilmaamay sahamiye Ingiriis ah Richard F. Burton . Geology ahaan, inta badan gobolka Awdal waxay ku yaalliin saxanka Carabta . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Gobolka Awdal waxa dega inta badan beesha Gadabuursi oo ka mid ah beelaha Dir kuwaas oo si gaar ah u matala oo loo tixgeliyo inay yihiin beesha ugu badan ee gobolka. Federico Battera (2005) wuxuu ka sheegay Gobolka Awdal: "Awdal waxa dega inta badan ururka Gadabuursi ee beelaha." Warbixin ay soo saartay Qaramada Midoobay oo ay daabacday Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), ayaa ku sheegtay Awdal: "Beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka talisa gobolka Awdal, taasina waxay keentay in siyaasadda gobolka Awdal ay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay arrimaha beelaha Gadabuursi." Roland Marchal (1997) wuxuu sheegay in tiro ahaan, Gadabuursigu ay yihiin dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Awdal: "Tirada Gadabuursi ee Awdal waxay hubaal ka dhigaysaa in danaha Gadabuursi ay wadaan siyaasadda gobolka." Marleen Renders iyo Ulf Terlinden (2010) labaduba waxay sheegeen in Gadabuursigu ay si gaar ah u deggan yihiin Gobolka Awdal: “Awdal ee galbeedka Somaliland waxay u dhaxaysaa Jabuuti, Itoobiya iyo dhulweynaha Somaliland ee Isaaqu degan yahay, waxa deggen ugu horrayn saddexda beelood ee beesha Gadabuursi ka kooban tahay, kuwaas oo hay’adoodii dhaqanku ka badbaadeen gumaysigii, dawladnimadii Soomaaliya iyo dagaalladii ka dhacayna si wanaagsan bay u socdaan, welina si habsami ah u shaqaynaya, aadna ugu xidhan nabadgelyada guud. Waxa kale oo jira tiro aad u tiro yar oo ka tirsan beesha Ciise ee Dir oo inta badan degta degmada Saylac. ==Degmooyinka Gobolka== Gobolkani waxa uu ka koobanyahay shan degmo oo kala ah * [[Boorama]] * [[Baki]] * [[Lughaya]] * [[Saylac]] * [[Dilla]] * [[Quljeed]] * [[Boon]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Weeraar]] * [[Jirjir]] * [[Cali Xaydh]] * [[Bus]] * Siimodi * Goroyo cawl * Abuqees * Garboraaxo * Gebilay * Wajaale * kalabayadh ==Taariikhda== ===British Somaliland, Soomaaliya=== [[File:British_Somaliland_Districts.png|thumb|Qaybaha maamulka ee British Somaliland sida lagu sheegay buug lagu daabacay UK 1951kii]] British Somaliland , Awdal maanta waxa la odhan jiray degmada Saylac-Boorama iyadoo laga duulayo magaaladii ugu weynayd ee gobolka. Abbaarihii 1964kii waxa la isku daray degmooyinka Berbera, Boorama iyo Hargeysa oo laga dhigay gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed (Hargeysa). 1984kii, dawladdii Soomaaliya ayaa aasaastay gobolka Awdal. Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii sideetamaadkii, Soomaaliya waxa ay ku jirtay xaalad dagaal sokeeye. Gobolada Waqooyi Galbeed ee Soomaaliya waxaa hubkii qaatay jabhadii SNM oo ahayd urur siyaasi ah oo beesha Isaaq ka soo horjeeday. Ugu horrayn Maleeshiyo beeleedka Gadabuursi waxay ka barbar dagaalameen dawladdii Soomaaliya ee SNM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, SNM ayaa dagaal ku qaaday, waxaana bishii January 1991-kii dagaallo ka dhacay Dilla oo ka tirsan Awdal , SNM-tuna ay ku guulaysatay oo ay soo gaadhay ilaa Boorama . Hase yeeshee, ka dib, beesha Gadabuursi waxay heshiis la gashay SNM, SNM-tuna waxay ka baxday Awdal goor hore. ===Dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Somaliland=== [[File:Sheikh-ibrahim-boorama-conference.jpg|thumb|Shirwaynihii Balaadhnaa Ee Boorama]] May 1991, SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Qaranka Somaliland . Beesha Gabadulsi ma aysan rabin arinkaas, balse waxay la kaashadeen gooni isu taagga Somaliland, iyagoo ka duulaya rabitaankooda nabadda iyo in SNM ay ka sarreyso ciidan ahaan. Intaa ka dib, beesha Gabadulshi waxay iska kaashadeen xasilinta Somaliland, waxayna u dhaqmeen sidii gacan saddexaad oo dhex dhexaadin ah oo dhex dhexaadin ah beelaha Isaaq. Shirweynihii 1993-kii ee dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal. Sannadkii 2000 waxa la xidhay madaarka Boorama . 2002 ilaa 2010, Madaxweynaha Somaliland wuxuu ahaa Daahir Riyaale Kaahin , oo ka soo jeeda beesha Gadabuursi. Bishii March 2008, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in deegaanka Saylac ee gobolka Awdal ka tirsan la kala saari doono si loo sameeyo gobolka Salal. Hase yeeshee, ma ansixin golaha wakiilada Somaliland, waxaana dib loo xaqiijiyey in Saylac ay ku sugan tahay gobolka Awdal iyada oo laga dhaqangelinayo “Xeerkii Dawladaha Hoose ee 2019” January 2020. Bishii February 2009, waxa dagaal ku dhex maray beesha Reer Xareed ee degmada Gabiley iyo beesha Reer Nuur ee gobolka Awdal, waxaana ku dhintay laba qof. Colaadda labada beelood waxay soo bilaabatay 1998. Bishii Luulyo 2009, magaalada Boorama ee Awdal waxaa ka dhacay rabshado ka dhashay dagaal beeleed, waxaana ku dhintay afar qof. Bishii Sebtembar 2010, ciidan ka kooban 300 oo askari oo loo malaynayo inay ka tirsan yihiin Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoraynta Ogaadeenya , ayaa ku soo duulay aagga u dhexeeya Lughaya iyo Saylac ee Awdal, balse waxa ku hareeraysan ciidanka Somaliland. June 2012, Rashid Hersi, oo ku nool magaalada Barrhaven , Ottawa, Canada, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Awdal ay xorowday, isla markaana loo magacaabay madaxweyne. Bishii February 2013, Suldaan Ibraahim Jaamac Samatar oo ka mid ah Madax-dhaqameedka Awdal, ayaa Maxamed Nuur Carraale , Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland ku dhaliilay inuu faro-gelin ku hayo doorashadii Golaha Deegaanka Saylac, isla markaana uu ammaanka bulshada ka sii daray. Bishii April 2013, Badhasaabka Awdal waxa uu dhaliilay dhalinyarada tirada badan ee ka tahriibaysa Somaliland ee u tahriibaya dalalka kale, waxaanu xusay in loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo. ===Jabhada Suldaan Wabar=== Bishii Agoosto 2013, Suldaan Abubakar Wabar, oo ah Ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis ee beesha Gadabuursi, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay inay khalkhal gelinayso nabadgelyada guud ee Awdal iyo Salal, Somaliland. In March 2014, Suldaan Ciise Suldaan C/laahi Suldaan Cumar was inaugurated as one of the Gadabuursi clan chiefs in Hayayaabe, west of Borama . On December 5th 2014, the Jibriil Yoonis clan leader Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar ayaa hogaaminaya ciidan galay buuraha kuna dhawaaqay in ay ka madax banaan yihiin dawlada Somaliland. Dhinaca kale Suldaan Saleebaan Cali Ismaaciil oo isna ka mid ah salaadiinta beelaha Awdal ayaa dhaliilay tallaabada Wabar uu qaaday, isagoo sheegay in maamulka Awdal loo daayo Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo isagu ka soo jeeda Awdal. Dhanka kale, golaha guurtida Awdal ayaa booqasho ku tagay magaalada Hargeysa ee xarunta Somaliland, waxayna codsadeen in Awdal laga siiyo matalaad cadaalad ah . March 18,2015, Waxgarad,Ganacsato,Siyaasiyiin ayaa isugu yimi guriga Suldaan Wabar,waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay Somaliland ka xoraynayaan Gobolka Awdal, kuna biirayaan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. March 28, 2015 dhawr maleeshiyo ah oo ka damqaday Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi ayaa isu soo dhiibay maamulka gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland. Bishii April 2015, xukuumadda Somaliland waxay xidhay lix ka mid ah 40-kii xubnood ee guddida uu dhisay Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, rabshado ayaa ka dhacay garoonka kubadda cagta ee Boorama, waxaana ku dhintay hal qof oo rayid ah markii ay isku dhaceen ciidamada booliska. Maalintii xigtay ayaa guriga taliyaha booliska Boorama la weeraray oo dab la qabadsiiyay, dabadeedna wuu gubtay. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, labada Itoobiya iyo Somaliland waxay bilaabeen hawlgallo ay kaga soo saarayaan malleeshiyada raacsan Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi, oo fadhigoodu yahay meel u dhow xuduudka. Bishii November 2015, Suldaan Wabar ayaa ka baxay Somaliland, wuxuuna dib ugu laabtay Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​70-kii maleeshiyo ee raacay Wabar lagu daray ciidamada Somaliland. Bishii December 2016, waxa Awdal ka dhacay khasaare abaareed oo ka dhashay roob la’aan xilli roobaadkii. December 27, 2016 waxaa la sheegay in Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar oo ah ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis uu gudaha u galay saldhigga jabhadda Itoobiya, ciidamada Somaliland ayaa heegan buuxa la geliyay magaalada Boorama. ===Intaa ka dib=== [[File:Sagar_2018-05-18_1035Z.jpg|thumb|Cyclone Sagar sanadka 2018]] Bishii August 2017, Badhasaabkii Awdal waxa xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo khaladaad badan sameeyay. Bishii May 2018, duufaantii Sagar ayaa ku dhufatay Awdal, taas oo adkeysay in taageero loo fidiyo dhulka miyiga ah fatahaadda awgeed. June 2018 arday reer Awdal ah ayaa ku guulaystey kaalmaha labaad iyo afraad ee tartanka xifdiga qur’aanka kariimka ah ee uu madaxweynuhu qabtay, waxaana abaal-marin gudoonsiiyey ardaydii reer Awdal. Bishii Luulyo 2018, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Somaliland, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Gobolka Awdal uu ka sarre maray Gobolka Togdheer oo noqday ka ugu sarreeya dakhliga cashuuraha ee qaranka. Bishii Oktoobar 2019, baabuur ay dawladdu leedahay ayaa ciidamo hubaysan oo aan haybtooda la aqoonsani ku rasaaseeyeen gobolka Awdal. Taasi waxay keentay in mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha ciidamada Somaliland uu booqdo magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal, isla markaana uu kulamo ka dhan ah la qaatay dawladda hoose iyo madax-dhaqameedka. Bishii Nofembar 2019, muuqaal ayaa loo diray warbaahinta oo muujinaya ku dhawaad ​​30 nin oo hubaysan oo sheegay inay "xoreeyeen" deegaanka bariga Boorama, Awdal. December 2019, Suldaan Maxamed Abshir Ducaale, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka gobolka Awdal, ayay xukuumadda Somaliland xabsiga dhigtay. Waxaa loo malaynayaa in ay taasi sabab u tahay in uu ka soo horjeestay qorshayaasha macdan baadhista ee dawladda ee gobolka. Mudaaharaad ay dhigayeen dhalinyaro ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Boorama, waxaana ku dhaawacmay hal qof oo ka tirsan ciidamada Booliska. August 19, 2020, Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Dhawal, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka beelaha Gadabuursi, ayaa ku dooday in saami-qaybsiga Awdal ee 82-ka xubnood ee golaha wakiillada Somaliland laga dhigo 40% halka ay hadda taagan yihiin (13 kursi, 16%). August 27th 2020 Ughaz Abdirashiid Ugaas Rooble oo ah Ugaaska Beesha Gadabuursi, isla markaana dhaliila siyaasadda Awdal ee Somaliland, ayaa ka dhoofay dalka Itoobiya, kuna sii jeeday magaalada Boorama, balse waxa ka hor istaagay ciidanka Somaliland. isla maalintaas waxa Boorama ka dhacay mudaharaad rabshado wata, waxaana sida la sheegay ka qayb qaatay dhawr boqol oo dhalinyaro ah. Waxa jira warar sheegaya dhacdooyin ay ka mid yihiin iska hor imaad hubaysan oo bishii March 2022 ku dhex maray dabley hubaysan iyo booliska Somaliland goob dahab laga qodo oo u dhaw Boorama, iyo saddex qof oo rayid ah oo lagu dilay magaalada Boorama bishii May 2022 iyada oo ay taagan tahay xiisado beeleed. May 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland , Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay askar booliis ah oo ku xad-gudbay dhallinyaro mudaaharaad ka dhigayay Boorama. Bishii Sebtembar 2023, shir ay isugu yimaadeen beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Ottawa ee dalka Canada, waxaana ka soo qayb galay 100 qof oo uu ku jiro Ugaaska beesha Ugaas Cabdirashiid Ugaas Rooble si loo dhiso Awdal State Movement (ASM), kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in Awdal dib loogu soo celiyo Soomaaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta Ugaaska beesha Gadabuursi ee Awdal ayaan la garanayn ilaa 2023. Bishii Oktoobar 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland, Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa booqasho ku yimid Boorama, waxaanu ku dhaliilay ASM inay ka hawlgasho meel ka baxsan Somaliland, isagoo sheegay in Awdal ay hubaal tahay inay ka tirsan tahay Somaliland. January 2024, waxa heshiis is-faham dhex maray Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. Si rasmi ah looma oga, balse waxa jirta aragti ah in haddii ay Somaliland ogolaato ay Itoobiya kiraysato qayb aan la cayimin oo ka mid ah xeebaha Somaliland oo ay ka samaysanayso deked iyo saldhig ciidan. Mudaharaad lagaga soo horjeedo arrintan ayaa ka dhacay magaalooyinka Boorama iyo Lughaya . Bishii Febraayo, xildhibaanada Somaliland, oo uu ku jiro wakiilka Awdal, ayaa muujiyay sida ay uga soo horjeedaan Is-afgaradka. ==Dadka deegaanka oo xusid mudan== *Daahir Riyaale Kaahin — Madaxweynihii hore ee Somaliland *Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur — siyaasi ku sugan British Somaliland *Djama Ali Moussa — Siyaasi ku sugan Somaliland *Yuusuf Tallan - Taliyihii hore ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya *Cabdiraxmaan Saylici — Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland 2010kii *Djama Rabile Ghod — Agaasimihii hore ee Soomaaliya *Muuse Rabiile Ghod — Wasiirkii hore ee Gaadiidka Soomaaliya *Aadan Isaaq Axmed – Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya *Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi- Maayarkii hore ee Boorama *Maxamed Axmed Caalin - Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali — *Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Rooble Afdeb - abwaan *Cali Bu’ul — abwaan ==Bulshada== Gobolka Awdal waxaa si khaas ah u dega beelaha [[Gadabuursi]], sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Samaroon]] kuwaasi oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Dir]]. Gobolkan wuxuu qiimo gaar ah u leeyahay taariikhda dowlada [[Somaliland]] taasi oo lagu asaasay magaalada Boorama, xagaas oo dhamaan xubnaha taliska lagu soo dhisay aynay daganayeen magaala madaxdiisa [[Boorame]] mudo shan bilood ah xagaasna lagu soo magacaabay madaxwaynihii u horeeyay ee la doorto Alaha u naxariistee marxuum [[Maxamed Xaaji. Ibraahim Cigaal]]. Gobolka awdal waa gobol dhaqaalihiisu aad ugu tiirsanyahay xoolaha nool, Beeraha, dalxiiska iyo macdanta. Gobolkan waxa ka soo jeeda madaxwaynaha hayn jiray mudii 2003 ilaa 2010 xilka waqooyiga somalia ee [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]] oo ka soo jeeday gobolkaas awdal waana [[samaroon]]. Gobolkan waxaa magaala madaxdiisu ahaan jirtey magaalda [[Baki]], laakiin markii dambe waxaa lagu bedelay magaalada ugu weyn ee Boorama. Sidoo kale, dhaqaalihiisuna waxa uu ku tiirsanyahay ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool. Magaalo madaxdiisii hore waxa ay ahaan jirtay oo ay ugaas yaashii ka telin jiray magaalada qadiimiga ee saylac oo aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya gobolka awdal ay u ahayd indhaha soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan ugaasyada Samaroon oo dhamaantood saylac lagucalemasaaray. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Boorama]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Awdalland]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx "Mudaharaado Rabshado Isku Bedelay Oo Ka Dhacay Boorama: Bannaan-baxayaasha Oo Cadaalad U Doona Askari Ka Tirsanaa Ciidanka Ilaalada Xeebaha"] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "Xuduudka Somaliland iyo Itoobiya ee Biritishka", Joornaalka Juqraafi]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo-dhaqatada ah iyo qaxoontiga caalamiga ah: Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988 - 2000] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260407105709/http://asia-abdulkadir.de/docs/RendersTerlinden2010.pdf Wadaxaajoodka Dawladnimo: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Awoodda iyo Xukunka Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=WeuSqpJeoEoC&q=Gadabuursi "Xafiiska Horumarinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya: Daraasad ku saabsan Maamulka: Gobolka Awdal"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132 Waa Maxay Aragtida Horumarineed ee Soomaaliya?: Cilmiga u dhexeeya Is-casilaadda iyo Rajada? Dacwaddii Shirweynihii 6aad ee SSIA, Berlin 6-9 Diseembar 1996] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-hundreds-flee-inter-clan-clashes-somaliland "Soomaaliya: Boqollaal qof ayaa ka qaxay dagaal beeleedyada Somaliland"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2010/09/100913_gaboose "Ciidan ka soo degay xeebta Awdal"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2014/dec/97350/somaliland_the_new_sick_man_of_the_horn_of_africa.aspx "Somaliland: Ninka Cusub Ee Xanuunsan Geeska Afrika"] [https://www.araweelonews.com/warar/dhacdooyinka-suldaan-wabar-ee-awdal-iyo-xaalladda-gobolka-ee-sii-xumaanay-waxay-u-muuqdaan-dheg-xumo-xukuumadda-madaxweyne-siilaanyo-dugsanay/ Ee Gobolka Awdal Iyo Xaalladda Gobolka Ee Sii Xumaanay Waxay U Muuqdaan Dheg-xumo Madaxweyne Siilaanyo Dugsanaysay"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250805141405/https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-vp-fires-awdal-regional-governor-after-governors-mansion-in-borame-is-sold/ "Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Somaliland Oo Xilkii Ka Qaadey Badhasaabkii Gobolka Awdal Kadib Markii La Iibiyey Gurigii Badhasaabka Ee Boorame] [https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandfinance-ministry-reveals-that-awdal-province-scoops-second-position-in-revenue-collection/ "Wasaaradda Maaliyada Somaliland Oo Shaacisay In Gobolka Awdal Uu Kaalinta Labaad Ka Galay Dakhliga Ururinta"] [https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ "Jabhada Hubaysan Ee Galbeedka Somaliland Oo Soo Bandhigay Muuqaal Cusub"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ |date=20251030072818 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20251119043947/https://horntribune.com/2020/08/19/awdal-region-demands-a-40-share-of-seats-in-parliaments-house-of-representatives/ "Gobolka AWDAL Waxa Uu Dalbaday 40`% Saamiga Kuraasta Golaha Wakiilada"] [https://hiiraan.com/news4/2020/Aug/179719/protests_in_borama_after_clan_elder_denied_entry_into_awdal.aspx "Mudaharaado Ka Dhacay Boorama Kadib Markii Oday Beeleed Loo Diiday In Ay Galaan Awdal"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-administrations-have-all-treated-residents-of-awdal-region-unfairly-vp-sayli/ "Maamulada Somaliland Waxay Dhamaan Dadka Gobolka Awdal Si Xaqdaro Ah Ula Dhaqmeen- Madaxweyne Saylici"] [https://thesomalidigest.com/breaking-awdal-announced-it-is-breaking-away-from-somaliland/ "DAAWO: Awdal Oo Ku Dhawaaqday Inay Ka Go'ayso Somaliland"] [https://www.caasimada.net/somaliland-oo-war-kasoo-saartay-dhaq-dhaqaaqa-awdal-state/ <nowiki>" [Somaliland released news about the movement of Awdal State ].</nowiki>]{{reflist}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Gobolada Soomaaliland}} [[Category:Awdal]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Somaliland]] [[Category:Gobolada Somaliland]] d3gt6b69pc8y9bzkzygqx61ym2xkdzp Jabuuti 0 2107 312240 311903 2026-11-11T03:44:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jabuuti''' , si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti''' , waa dal ku yaalla Geeska [[Afrika]] , waxa uu xad la wadaagaa [[Soomaaliya]] dhanka koonfureed, Itoobiyana koonfur-galbeed, [[Eratareya|Eratariya]] oo woqooyi ah, iyo badda cas iyo gacanka cadmeed bari. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay dhul dhan 23,200 km2 ( 8,958 sq mi). {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti | native_name = {{native name|ar|جمهورية جيبوتي}} {{native name|en|Republic of Djibouti }} | common_name = Jabuuti | image_flag = Flag of Djibouti.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Djibouti.svg | symbol_type = Astaanta | image_map = Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = | image_map2 = | national_motto = {{Native name|so| Midnimo, Sinaan, }}<br /> {{Native name|ar|اتحاد، مساواة، سلام|italics=off}} | national_anthem = ''[[Djibouti (anthem)|Djibouti]]''<br />{{center|[[File:The Djiboutian anthem.ogg]]}} | official_languages = {{hlist |[[Faransiis|Faransiis]]|[[Carabi|Carabi]]}} | national_languages = {{hlist |[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]|[[Afar luqadda|Afar]]}}<ref name=CIA/> | languages = | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|[[Soomaalida]] 60%|[[Afar people|Cafar]] 35%|Kuwa kale 5% (ugu horrayn [[Carab]])<ref name=CIA/>}} | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | demonym = [[Jabuutiyaan]] | capital = [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{Coord|11|36|N|43|10|E|type:city_region:DJ}} | government_type = [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo oo midaysan oo ku hoos nool kalitalisnimo dhaxal gal ah]]. | leader_title1 = [[Liiska madaxda dawladaha Jabuuti|Madaxweyne]] | leader_title2 = [[Liiska madaxda dawladda Jabuuti|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name1 = [[Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]] | leader_name2 = [[Cabduqaadir Kaamil Maxamed]] | sovereignty_type = [[Madaxbanaanida]] | established_event1 = Ka [[Faransiis]] | established_date1 = 27 Juun 1977 | legislature = [[Golayaasha qaranka (Jabuuti)|Golayaasha qaranka]] | area_rank = 146aad <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_footnote = <ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=Djibouti |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=26 February 2013 |date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702024855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |archive-date=2 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | area_km2 = 23,200<ref name=CIA/> | area_sq_mi = 8,958 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.09 (20&nbsp;km² / 7.7&nbsp;<nowiki>sq mi)</nowiki> | population_estimate = 1,066,809 | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_density_km2 = 46.0 | population_density_sq_mi = 96.4 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 168aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}}$7.193&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=611,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title="Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Oktoobar 2023 Edition. (Jabuuti)" }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}}$6,985<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$3.873 &nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}}$3,761<ref name="imf2"/> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 41.6 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="cia-gini">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.513 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date= 6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024|url= https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/DJI|access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 171aad | currency = [[Faran Jabuuti]] | currency_code = DJF | country_code = | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+253]] | cctld = [[.dj]] | today = }} Waagii hore, dhulku, oo ay weheliyaan Itoobiya, Ereteriya iyo Somaliland, waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhulkii Puntland . Saylac oo u dhow , hadda Somaliland, waxay ahayd xaruntii dhexe ee Adal iyo Ifat Sultanates. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad waxa dhidibada loo taagay gumaystihii Faransiiska ee Somaliland ka dib markii salaadiinta Dir , Soomaali iyo Cafartu ay heshiisyo la saxeexdeen Faransiiska, iyo jidkii tareenka ee Diridhaba (iyo markii dambe Addis Ababa ) waxay u oggolaatay inay si degdeg ah uga gudubto Saylac oo ah dekedda koonfurta Itoobiya iyo Ogaadeenya . Waxa loo beddelay dhulkii Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa 1967. Toban sano ka dib, dadka Jabuuti waxay u codeeyeen madaxbannaani . Taas oo si rasmi ah u astaysay dhidibada loo taagay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti oo loogu magac daray caasimaddeeda . Gobolka cusub wuxuu ku biiray Qaramada Midoobay sanadkii ugu horreeyay. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, xiisado ka dhashay matalaadda dowladda ayaa horseeday iskahorimaad hubeysan , kaasoo ku dhammaaday heshiis awood-qeybsi ah 2000 oo dhexmaray xisbiga talada haya iyo mucaaradka. Jabuuti waa wadan qawmiyad badan leh oo ay ku nool yihiin 1,066,809 tirakoobkii la qabtay 20kii May 2024 ( ka ugu yar dhul weynaha Afrika). Faransiiska iyo Carabiga waa labada luqadood ee rasmiga ah; Canfarta iyo Soomaaliga waa afaf qaran. Qiyaastii 94% dadka reer Jabuuti waxay u hoggaansamaan diinta Islaamka , oo ah diinta rasmiga ah waxayna ku badan tahay gobolka in ka badan 1,000 sano. Soomaalida iyo Canfarta ayaa ka kooban labada qoomiyadood ee ugu tirada badan, iyadoo kuwii hore ay ka kooban yihiin dadka ugu badan. Labaduba waxay ku hadlaan luqadda laanta Kushitigga ee afafka Afroasiatic . Jabuuti waxay ku dhowdahay qaar ka mid ah marinnada maraakiibta ugu mashquulka badan adduunka, kuwaas oo koontaroolaya marinka badda cas iyo badweynta Hindiya . Waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarun muhiim u ah shidaalka iyo wareejinta iyo dekedda ugu muhiimsan ee badda ee laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo dalka deriska ah ee Itoobiya . Xarun ganacsi oo kobcaysa, qaranku waa goobta ay ku yaalaan saldhigyo kala duwan oo ciidamada shisheeye. Urur goboleedka IGAD ayaa sidoo kale xaruntiisa ku leh magaalada Jabuuti. ==Asalka erayga== Dalka Jabuuti waxaa si rasmi ah loogu yaqaanaa Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti . Luuqadaha baabuurta ah waxa loo yaqaan Gabuuti ( Af -cafar ah ) iyo Jabuuti ( Af-Soomaali ). Dalka waxa loogu magac daray caasimaddiisa, magaalada Jabuuti . Etymology-ga magaca ayaa lagu muransan yahay. Waxaa jira aragtiyo iyo halyeyyo dhowr ah oo ku saabsan asalkeeda, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan ujeedaha. Hal aragti ayaa ka soo jeedda ereyga Canfarta ee gabouti , oo macneheedu yahay "taabbad", oo laga yaabo in ay calaamadso calaamadaha juqraafi ee aagga. Mid kale wuxuu ku xiraa gabood , oo macneheedu yahay "korro/plateau". Jabuuti sidoo kale waxay noqon kartaa "Dhulka Tehuti" ama "Dhulka Thoth ( Masar : Djehuti / Djehuty ) ", ka dib ilaaha dayaxa Masar . Maamulka Faransiiska, laga bilaabo 1862 ilaa 1894, dhulka waqooyiga Gacanka Tadjoura waxaa loo yaqaan " Obock ". Intii u taariikhday 1897 ilaa 1967 dhulkaas waxa loo yaqaan French Somaliland (Faransiiska: Côte française des Somali ), iyo 1967 ilaa 1977 oo loo yaqaanay dhulkii Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issas (Faransiiska: Territoire français des Afars et des Issas ). ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Pottery of Asa Koma.JPG|thumb|Dheriga naqshadaynta joomatari ee laga helay Asa Koma]] Gobolka Bab -el-Mandeb ayaa inta badan loo tixgaliyay inay tahay meesha ugu horeysa ee ay ka taagan tahay homininka ka dib marin xeebeedka ee Bariga Afrika ilaa Koonfur iyo Koonfur Bari Aasiya Aagga Jabuuti waxa la degganaa ilaa Neolithic . Sida laga soo furo khubarada luqadaha, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka muddan oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulkii asalka ahaa") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Culumo kale waxay soo jeedinayaan in qoyska Afroasiatic ay ku horumareen goobta Geeska, iyada oo ku hadashadeedu ay markaa ka dib kala firdhiyeen meesha. Dhagxaan la jarjaray oo ku taariikhaysan ilaa 3 milyan oo sano ayaa laga soo ururiyay goobta harada Abbe . Banaanka Gobaad ( inta u adeega Dikhil iyo harada Abbe), hadhaaga maroodigii dabar go'ay ee Palaeoloxodon recki ayaa sidoo kale laga helay, oo si muuqata loo gowracay iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab basalt ah oo agtiisa laga helay. Hadhaagani waxa ay ahayd 1.4 milyan sano BC. Ka dib, goobo kale oo la mid ah ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay u badan tahay shaqada Homo ergaster . Goob Acheulean ah (laga soo bilaabo 800,000 ilaa 400,000 sano BCE), halkaas oo dhagax lagu jaray, ayaa laga soo saaray 1990-meeyadii, Gombourta, oo u qabanay Damerdjog iyo Loyada , oo 15 km koonfur ka xigta magaalada Jabuuti . Ugu doontii, Gobaad, waxa laga helay daanka Homo erectus , kaas oo soo gaadhay 100,000 BC. Jasiiradda Devil’s , waxaa la helay qalab la xiriiriyay 6,000 oo sano, kuwaas oo loo xiray in lagu furo furoda. Aagga gunta hoose ee Goubet (Dankalélo, oo aan ka fogayn Jasiiradda Devil), waxaa sidoo kale laga helay dhismayaal dhagax ah oo wareeg ah iyo jajabyo dhoobo rinji ah. Baarayaal hore ayaa sidoo kale kale ka hooyada maxilla jajaban, oo loo aaneynayo qaab duug ah oo Homo sapiens ah oo ku taariikhaysan c. 250 Ka, oo ka dooxada Dagadlé Wadi [[File:Prehistoric of Djibouti.png|thumb|Farshaxanadii hore ee fanka iyo qabuuraha Djibouti]] Dheriga ka hor bartamihii kun-sanaadkii 2aad ayaa laga helay Asa Koma , oo ah meel haro gudaha ah oo ku taal bannaanka Gobaad. Alaabta goobta waxaa lagu gartaa naqshado joomatari oo la jeexay, kuwaas oo la mid ah wajigii dhaqanka Sabir ee 1 ceramics ee Malayba ee Koonfurta Carabta . Lafo lo'da oo aan gees-dheer lahayn ayaa sidoo kale laga helay Asa Koma, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in lo'da guri-guriyeedka ay joogeen qiyaastii 3,500 oo sano ka hor. Farshaxan dhagax ah oo u muuqda inay yihiin kuleylo iyo geri ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa Dorra iyo Balho . Handoga , oo ku taariikhaysan kun-sanadii afraad ee BCE, ayaa iyaduna soo saartay obsidian microliths iyo ceramics cad oo ay isticmaali jireen xoolo-dhaqato hore oo reer guuraa ah oo wata lo'da.  Goobta Wakrita waa dhisme yar oo Neolithic ah oo ku taal wadii ku taal diiqada tectonic ee Gobacad ee Jabuuti ee Geeska Afrika . Qodista 2004tii waxa ay soo saartay dhoobo aad u fara badan taas oo noo suurta galisay in aan qeexno mid ka mid ah xarumaha dhaqanka Neolithic ee gobolkan , kaas oo sidoo kale lagu aqoonsaday goobta u dhow ee Asa Koma . Haraaga xayawaanku waxay xaqiijinayaan muhiimadda kalluumeysiga ee degsiimooyinka Neolithic ee u dhow harada Abbé , laakiin sidoo kale muhiimadda xannaanada lo'da iyo, markii ugu horreysay ee aaggan, caddaynta dhaqamada xoolo-dhaqashada caprine. Shukaansiga Radiocarbon wuxuu dhigayaa shaqadan bilawgii qarnigii 2aad ee BCE, oo la mid ah inta u dhaxaysa Asa Koma. Labadan goobood waxay ka dhigan yihiin caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee dhaq-dhaqaaqa gobolka, waxayna bixiyaan faham wanaagsan oo ku saabsan horumarinta bulshooyinka Neolithic ee gobolkan.  Ilaa 4000 sano BCE, gobolku wuxuu ka faa'iiday cimilo aad uga duwan kan maanta uu yaqaan oo laga yaabo inuu u dhow yahay cimilada Mediterranean-ka . Khayraadka biyuhu aad bay u badnaayeen iyagoo leh harooyin ku yaal Gobacad, harooyinka Assal iyo Abbé oo waaweyn oo u eg biyo dhab ah. Sidaa darteed dadku waxay ku noolaayeen ururinta, kalluumaysiga iyo ugaarsiga. Gobolka waxaa ku noolaa xayawaan aad u qani ah oo kala ah: dhogorta , gisi , maroodi , wiyisha , iwm, sida uu daliil u yahay, tusaale ahaan, xayawaanka ugu quruxda badan ee sawirada godka Balho . Millenniyadii 3aad iyo 2aad ee BC, dad yar oo reer guuraa ah ayaa degay hareeraha harooyinka waxayna ku dhaqmi jireen kalluumeysiga iyo taranta lo'da. Aaska haweeney 18-sano jir ah, laga bilaabo mudadaas, iyo sidoo kale lafaha xoolaha la ugaarsado, qalab lafaha iyo dahab yar yar ayaa la soo saaray. Ilaa 1500 BCE, cimiladu waxay durba bilowday inay is beddesho, iyadoo ilaha biyaha macaan ay noqdeen kuwo aad u yar. Sawir-gacmeedku wuxuu muujinayaa dhogorta (xoolaha aagagga oomanaha ah), kuwaas oo qaarkood ay fuulaan dagaalyahanno hubaysan. Dadkii fadhiidka ahaa ayaa hadda ku soo noqday noloshii miyiga. Tuuli dhagax ah oo noocyo kala duwan leh iyo qabuuro gabbaad ah oo laga soo bilaabo muddadan ayaa laga soo saaray dhulka oo dhan ===Qadiimiga=== Socdaalkii hore ee Masaarida ee ugu horeyay ee la diiwaan galiyay ee Puntin waxaa soo abaabulay Fircoon Saxure oo ka tirsanaa boqortooyadii shanaad (qarnigii 25aad BC), isagoo la soo noqday shixnad antyue iyo Puntites ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dahab ka soo jeeda Punt waxa loo diiwaan galiyay in uu Masar joogay horraantii wakhtigii Fircoon Khufu ee Boqortooyadii Afraad . Intaa ka dib, waxa jiray socdaalo badan oo loo galay Puntidii lixaad , kow iyo tobnaad , laba iyo tobnaad iyo siddeed iyo tobnaad ee boqortooyadii Masar. Boqortooyadii laba iyo tobnaad, ganacsigii lala lahaa Punt waxa loogu dabaal dagay suugaan caan ah oo ku jirta Sheekadii Badmaaxyadii Doontii burburtay [[File:Three Puntites.jpg|thumb|Hatshepsut Punt Relief oo muujinaysa saddex nin oo ku labisan dharka Puntite oo sita hadiyado]] Boqortooyadii Mentuhotep III (diilkii 11aad, ca. 2000 BC), sarkaal la odhan jiray Hannu waxa uu abaabulay hal ama in ka badan safaro uu ku tagay Punt, laakiin lama hubo in uu shakhsi ahaan u safray safaradan.  Hawlgallada ganacsi ee boqortooyadii 12aad ee faraaciintii Senusret I , Amenemhat II iyo Amenemhat IV ayaa sidoo kale si guul leh ugu soo wareegay kana soo socdaalay dhulka dahsoon ee Punt.  Boqortooyadii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee Masar , Hatshepsut waxa ay dhistay maraakiib badda cas si ay u fududayso ganacsiga u dhexeeya madaxa Gacanka Aqaba iyo meelaha koonfureed ilaa Punt si uu u keeno alaabta meydadka ee Karnak si uu ugu beddelo dahabka Nubian. Hatshepsut shakhsi ahaan waxa uu sameeyay socdaalkii ugu caansanaa ee Masaaridii hore ee u dhoofay Punt. Fanaaniinteeda ayaa muujinaya wax badan oo ku saabsan qoyska boqortooyada, dadka deggan, deegaanka iyo geedaha kala duwan ee jasiiradda, iyagoo muujinaya sida "Land of Gods, oo ah gobol ka fog bari ee jihada qorrax-soo-baxa, oo barakeeyey alaabooyinka ujeeddooyin diimeed", halkaas oo ganacsatadu ay ku soo noqdeen dahab, fool maroodi, ebony , fooxa , resins caraf udgoon, haragga xayawaanka, xayawaanka nool ee qorraxdu udgoon tahay. Xilligii boqoradda Hatshepsut ee qarnigii 15aad ee BC, maraakiibtu waxay si joogto ah uga gudbeen Badda Cas si ay u helaan bitumen , naxaas, maro xardhan, naptha iyo alaabo kale oo loo daabulo dhulka iyo hoos Badda Dhimatay ilaa Elat oo ku taal madaxa gacanka Aqaba halkaas oo ay ku biireen fooxa iyo socodka ganacsiga ee buuraha ee soo socda iyo marinka woqooyiga ee socdaalkayga iyo socodka ganacsiga ee waqooyiga. woqooyi oo ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Badda Cas.  Iyada oo ay weheliso waqooyiga Itoobiya, Somaliland, Ereteriya iyo xeebta Badda Cas ee Suudaan, Jabuuti waxaa loo arkaa meesha ugu macquulsan ee dhulkii ay Masriyiintii hore u yaqaaniin Punt (ama Ta Netjeru , oo macnaheedu yahay "Dhulkii Ilaah"). Markii ugu horreysay ee la sheego dhulkii Puntland waxay taariikhdu ahayd qarnigii 25aad ee BC. Puntites waxay ahaayeen ummad dad ah oo xidhiidh dhow la lahaa Masar hore xilligii boqortooyadii 5aad ee Fircoon Saxure iyo boqoraddii 18aad ee boqoradda Hatshepsut . Sida laga soo xigtay muraayadaha macbadka ee Deir el-Bahari , Dhulka Punt waxaa xukumayay Boqor Parahu iyo Boqorad Ati. ===Hordhaca Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== Reer Adal (sidoo kale Awdal , Cadl , ama Adel ) waxay xaruntoodu ahayd Saylac oo caasimaddeeda ah. Waxaa dhidibbada u taagay qabaa'ilka Soomaalida ee degaankaas horaantii qarnigii 9aad. Saylac waxa ay soo jiidatay ganacsatadii adduunka oo dhan, iyaga oo ka qayb qaatay hantida magaalada. Saylac waa magaalo qadiimi ah waxayna ka mid ahayd magaalooyinkii ugu horeeyay ee soo islaamay , wax yar ka dib hijriga . Masjidka al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laba- mihraab waxa uu jiray qarnigii 7aad, waana masaajidka ugu da'da weyn. Dhamaadkii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi , oo ahaa caalim Muslim ah oo Carab ah oo safar ah, wuxuu qoray in Boqortooyada Adal ay ahayd boqortooyo yar oo qani ah, Saylacna waxay u adeegi jirtay xarunta boqortooyada, taas oo soo taxnayd bilowgii qarniga. [[File:YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG|thumb|Suldaanka Adal (midig) iyo ciidamadiisa dagaalka kula jira King Yagbea-Sion iyo raggiisa oo lagu sawiray Livre Des Merveilles]] Tixraacii ugu horeeyey ee Adal waxa ay ahayd ka dib burburkii boqortooyadii Makhzumi July 1288 markaas oo Cali Baziyu uu hogaaminayey olole ka dhacay Adal iyo Mora kaas oo lagu soo gebagebeeyey dilkii salaadiinta Adal iyo Mora , Suldaankii guulaystey ka dib waxa uu Adal iyo Mora ku daray Boqortooyadii. Adal waxa kale oo uu ku sheegay Marco Polo 1295 in ay tahay dawlad si joogto ah ula dagaalantay Abyssinia. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan Carbeed qarnigii afar iyo tobnaad Al Umari , Adal wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah gobollada aasaasay Ifat Sultanate oo ay weheliso Biqulzar , Shewa , Kwelgora , Shimi, Jamme iyo Laboo. Waxa loo adeegsaday si mugdi ah waagii dhexe ee dhexe si loo tilmaamo Muslimiinta degan dhulka hoose ee bari ee Boqortooyada Xabashida . Oo ay ku jiraan woqooyiga wabiga Awash ee ku wajahan harada Abbe ee xuduudka casriga ah ee Jabuuti iyo Itoobiya iyo sidoo kale dhulka u dhexeeya Shewa iyo Saylac ee xeebta Soomaaliya . Degmooyinka Adal waxa ka mid ahaa Hubat , Gidaaya iyo Hargaya . Waxa kale oo ay mararka qaarkood ku jirtay Suldaanka Hadiya . Gobolku waxa uu ahaa inta badan gobolka Awdal wakhtigan xaadirka ah waxana uu caasimadda u ahaa Saylac laakiin waxa kale oo uu maamuli jiray magaalooyinka kale ee gudaha sida Cabasa ama Dakkar oo ku fidsan dhulka Harar ilaa koonfur-bari iyo maanta Jabuuti oo galbeed ah. [>File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|Boqortooyadii Ifat Sultanate qarnigii 14aad]] Boqortooyadii Walashma waxa ay culimadu ku tixgaliyaan in ay kuwii la aasaasay Saldanadii Ifat. Ifat markii ugu horeyay waxay soo baxday markii Umar Ibn Dunyā-Hawaz, oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Sultan Umar Walasma , uu sameeyay boqortooyadiisa oo uu qabsaday Suldaanka Shewa ee ku yaala waqooyiga Hararghe . Boqorka 128 Suldaan Wali Asma waxa uu keenay inuu xukunkiisa ku soo rogo Hubat , Saylac iyo dawlado kale oo Muslim ah oo gobolka ka tirsan. Taddesse Tamrat waxa uu ku macneeyay ficilada millitari ee Sultan Walashma in uu yahay dadaal uu ku hayo dhulka Muslimiinta ee Geeska Afrika si la mid ah sidii Imperor Yekuno Amlak uu isku day in uu isku day dhulalka Kiristanka ee buuuraleyda sare islaas. calanka 1320-kii waxaa billowday khilaaf u dhexeeya boqorka Kiristaanka iyo sawiradii Ifat ee Muslimiinta. Colaadda waxaa soo dajiyay Al-Naasir Muxamed oo Masar ahaa . Hogaamiyihii Mamluk Al-Naasir Muxammad waxa uu silcinayay Copts Masiixiyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah ee burburinayay shaqada Coptic. Amda Seyon 1aad ee Itoobiya ayaa ergey u soo diray digniin uu u diray Mamluuqa oo uu ku sheegay in haddii uu joojin waayo dhibka lagu hayo Masiixiyiinta Masar uu ka aargoosan doono Muslimiinta ku hoos nool xukunkiisa, dadka Masarna uu gaajo u gaajoon doono isagoo u weecinaya marinka webiga Niil. Sida laga soo jiida Pankhurst, oo ka mid ah labada hanjabaad, leexinta Niil waxay ahayd hanjabaad aan shaqaynayn, Suldaanka Masarna wuu diiday sababtii ay u badan tahay inuu ogaaday in tani ay sidaas tahay. Cabsida laga qabo in Xabashidu ay fara geliso webiga Niil, ayuu yiri Pankhurst, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd inay la sii wadaagto Masaarida qarniyo badan. Kacdoonkii Sabr ad-Diin ma ahayn isku day lagu doonayey in lagu gaadho madax-banaani, balse waxa ay ahayd in uu boqor ka noqdo Itoobiya Muslim ah. Taariikhda Taariikhda Amda Seyon ayaa sheegtay in Sabr ad-Din uu ku dhawaaqay: Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan boqor u noqdo Itoobiya oo dhan, annagu dadka Masiixiyiinta sida sharcigooda ah, jawaabahooda waan dumin doona... waxaan u muujin doonaa hoggaamiye Itoobiya oo dhan, si la mid ah boqorka Siyoon (Itoobiya) ... Dhab, ka dib duulaankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Sabr ad-Din wuxuu magacaabay maamulayaasha u dhow iyo kuwa muhim ah sida Fatagar iyo Alamalé, iyo sidoo kale fog fog ee waqooyiga sida Damot , Amxaarada , Angot , Inderta , Begemder , iyo Gojjam . Waxa kale oo uu ku hanjabay in uu qaadka ku beerayo caasimadda, oo ah maaddo kiciya oo ay isticmaalayeen Muslimiintu balse ay mamnuuc ka tahay Masiixiyiinta Itoobiya ee Ortodokska . Sanadkii 1376, Sultan Sacad Ad-Diin Abdul Muhammad , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Sacad Ad-Diin II, ayaa xilka kala wareegay, markii yimid, kaas oo sii waday inuu weeraro Masiixiyiinta ee Xabashida. Wuxuu weeraray madaxdii gobolka sida Zalan iyo Hadeeya, kuwaas oo taageersanaa Imbaraadoorka. Sida laga soo jiida Mordechai Abir, Sacad Ad-Diin II duullaanka ka dhanka ah Imbaraadooriyadda Xabashidu waxa ay u badnaayeen kuwa ku dhufo oo ka dhaqaaq ah, taas oo xoojisay go'aankii akhriska Kiristaanka ee ahaa in uu soo afjaro xukunka Muslimiinta ee barigooda. Horraantii dagaalka 15aad, Imbaraadoorkii Xabashida oo ay u badan tahay Dawit I wuxuu ururiyay ciidan badan si uu uga jawaabo. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay Muslimiinta deegaanka ku xeeran “Cadawga Rabbi”, marka lagu duulo Ifat. Dagaal dheer ka dib, booska Ifat waxa lagu jebiyay 1403dii oo ku taal dhulka Harar, Suldaan Sacad Cadidiin wuxuu u dejiyey Saylac halkaas oo ay Itoobiya ka daba tagtay. Al-Maqrizi wuxuu wariyay: Amxaaradu waxay ka daba-tageen Sacadul-diin ilaa gacanka Saylac , ee badweynta, halkaas oo uu gabaad ka dhigay . Amxaaradu meesha bay ku go’doomisay, oo biyo ka diiday; Ugu balatii mid ka mid ah kuwii faasiqiinta ahaa wuxuu tusay jid ay ku gaadhaan. Markii ay u soo galeen dagaal baa dhacay; oo maalinta ka dib biyihii ayaa gabay. Sacad Al Diin waxa uu labadii ka soo gaadhay foolka, dhulkana uu ku dhacay,may seefihii kaga mudeen. farxad buu ku dhintay, isagoo dariiqii Eebbe ku dhacay. [[File:Adalite Population.png|thumb|Sawirka dharka dhaqameed ee Adal ee ay xidhaan dadka deegaanka ee Giuseppe Antonelli]] Geeridii Sacad Cad-Diin ka dib “xoogga Muslimiinta waa la dhimay”, sida uu sheegay Maqrizi, ka dibna Amxaaradu waxay degtay waddanka “iyo masaajidda la burburiyey oo kaniisado ka samaystay”. Dadka Islaamka ah ayaa la sheegay in la dhibaataynayey in ka badan labaatan sano. Ilaha ayaa isku khilaafay cidda Imbaraadoorka Itoobiya uu ololahan sameeyay. Sida uu qabo taariikhyahankii dhexe ee al-Makrizi , Imperial Dawit I 1403 waxa uu daba galay Suldaankii Cadal , Sacad Ad-Diin II , ilaa Saylac , halkaas oo uu ku dilay suldaan , magaalada Saylacna uu ka saaray . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale oo casri ah ayaa taariikhiya dhimashadii Sacad ad-Diin II ilaa 1410, waxayna ku tixgalinayaan dilka Emperor Yeshaq . Carruurtiisii ​​iyo intii ka hadhay boqortooyadii Walashma waxay u qaxi jireen Yaman halkaas oo ay ku noolaan lahaayeen musaafuris ilaa 1415.  Sannadkii 1415, Sabr ad-Din III , oo ahaa curadka Sacad Ad-Diin II , ayaa ku soo noqon doona Adal oo uu ka soo musaafurinayay Carabta si uu u soo celiyo carshigii aabbihiis.  Wuxuu ku dhawaaqi jiray inuu yahay "boqorka Cadal" ka dib markuu Yaman ka soo laabtay oo uu ka soo noqday dhulka Harar oo uu caasimaddiisa cusub ka dhisay Dakkar . Sabr ad-Din III iyo walaalihiis waxay jebin doonaan ciidan gaaraya 20,000 oo nin oo uu hogaaminayo taliye aan la magacaabin oo rajeynaya inuu soo celiyo "xukunkii Amxaarada ee lumay". Boqorkii guulaysta ayaa markaas ku laabtay caasimadiisii, laakiin wuxuu amar ku siiyay xertiisii ​​badnaa inay sii wadaan oo ay kordhiyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah Masiixiyiinta. Boqorkii Itoobiya Tewodros 1 -aad markiiba waxaa dilay Boqortooyadii Adal Sultanate markii uu soo noqday dhaxal-sugaha Sacad Ad-Diin ee Geeska Afrika. Sabr ad-Din III wuxuu dhintay geeri dabiici ah, waxaana xilka kala wareegay walaalkiis Mansur Ad-Diin oo ku duulay caasimadii iyo fadhigii boqortooyadii Sulaymaan wuxuuna u kaxaystay Imbaraadoor Dawit I ilaa Yedaya halkaas oo sida uu sheegay al-Maqrizi , Suldaan Mansur uu burburiyay ciidan Sulaymaan ah oo uu dilay Boqorkii. Dabadeed waxa uu u sii gudbay buuralayda Mokha, halkaas oo uu kula kulmay 30,000 oo ciidan xoog leh oo Sulaymaan ah. Askartii Cadalaad waxay hareereeyeen cadawgoodii, waxayna muddo laba bilood ah hareereeyeen ciidamadii Sulaymaan ee go’doomiyey ilaa laga gaaray heshiis nabadeed oo uu Mansur raalli ka yahay. Muddadaas, Adal waxa ay u soo baxday sidii xarun muslimiintu iskaga caabin lahaayeen boqortooyadii Xabashida ee Kiristaanka ahayd. Adal intaas ka dib ayaa maamuli doonta dhammaan dhulkii ay hore u xukumi jirtay Ifat Sultanate, iyo sidoo kale dhulka bari ka sii xiga Bab el Mandeb ilaa Cape Guardafui, sida uu qabo Leo Africanus. Adal waxa magac ahaan lagu sheegay qarnigii 14aad marka laga hadlayo dagaaladii dhex maray Muslimiinta Soomaalida iyo Canfarta iyo ciidamadii Kiristaanka ee Boqorka Xabashida Amda Seyon I.  Adal waxay markii hore caasimad u ahayd magaalada Saylac, oo ku taal galbeedka gobolka Awdal. Siyaasaddu waagaas waxay ahayd imaarad ka tirsanayd saldanadii weynayd ee Ifat ee uu xukumi jirayBoqortooyadii Walashma  [[File:Young Ahmad Gragn.png|thumb|Tusaale wiilkii yaraa ee Axmad ibnu Ibraahiim oo muujinaya awoodiisa]] Sida uu qabo IM Lewis, siyaasadda waxaa maamuli jiray boqortooyo maxalli ah oo ka kooban Carab Soomaali ah ama Soomaali la Carabeeyey, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ka talin jiray Saldanada la mid ah ee Muqdisho laga dhisay ee gobolka Banaadir ee dhanka koonfureed. Taariikhda Adal laga soo bilaabo wakhtigan la aasaasay waxa lagu tilmaami karaa dagaalo isdaba joog ah oo lala galay dalka ay jaarka yihiin ee Abyssinia . Boqortooyadii Adal markii ay sare u kacday waxa ay gacanta ku haysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Jabuuti, Somaliland , Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya. Inta u dhaxaysa magaalada Jabuuti iyo Loyada waxaa ku yaal tiro ka mid ah sawir-maskaxeed iyo faneed . Dhismayaashu waxay la xidhiidhaan qabuuro qaab leydi ah oo ay ku dheggan yihiin saqafyo toosan, sida sidoo kale laga helay Tiya , bartamaha Itoobiya . Jibuuti-Looyada steeladu waa kuwo aan la hubin da'dooda, qaarkoodna waxaa lagu qurxiyey calaamad T-qaabaysan. Intaa waxaa dheer, qodista qadiimiga ah ee Tiya waxay keentay qabuuro. Laga bilaabo 1997, 118 stelae ayaa laga soo sheegay aagga. Iyada oo ay weheliso dhagaxyada Aagga Hadiya , dhismayaasha waxa ay dadka deegaanka u aqoonsan yihiin Yegragn Dingay ama "dhagaxa Gran", iyaga oo tixraacaya Imam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"), oo ah taliyaha Adal Sultanate . Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi waxa uu ahaa hogaamiyihii milatariga ee dawladii dhexe ee Adal Sultanate ee waqooyiga Geeska Afrika. Intii u dhaxaysay 1529 iyo 1543, waxa uu bilaabay olole loogu magac daray Futuh Al-xabash , isaga oo keenaya in afar meelood saddex meel oo Xabashida Kiristaanka ahi ay hoos yimaadaan maamulkii boqortooyadii Muslimiinta . Iyagoo wata ciidan ka kooban Afar, Harari (Harla), iyo Soomaali, ciidamadii al-Ghazi waxay u soo dhawaadeen inay damiyaan boqortooyadii hore ee Xabashida, iyagoo gawracay qof kasta oo Ethiopian ah oo diida inuu islaamo. Muddo afar iyo toban sano gudahood Imaamku waxa u suurtagashay in uu ku qabsado dhulka xudunta u ah dalka, isaga oo hagardaamo ku haya qaranka Kiristaanka. Bahri Negash waxay ku biirtay Emperor Gelawdewos iyo Bortuqiisku dagaalkii muhiimka ahaa ee Wayna Daga , halkaas oo dhaqanku sheegayo in Imam Axmad uu xabadka xabadka kaga dhuftay musketer Portuguese ah oo la odhan jiray João de Castilho, kaas oo keligiis dacwad ku soo oogay Muslimiinta oo dhintay. Imaamka dhaawaca ah ayaa ka dib waxaa qoorta ka gooyay taliyihii ciidamada fardooleyda Itoobiya oo lagu magacaabo Azmach Calite. Markii ay askartii Imaamku ogaadeen dhimashadiisa ayay ka carareen goobtii dagaalka. Colaaddan ayaa fursad u siisay dadka Oromada ah inay qabsadaan oo u guuraan dhulka taariikhiga ah ee Gafat ee Welega ee koonfurta wabiga Niilka Buluuga ah iyo dhanka bari ilaa gidaarada Harar iyagoo ka samaystay dhul cusub. ===Casriga hore=== Sannadkii 1550kii, Nuur bin Mujaahid waxa uu noqday Amiirkii Harar , isla markaana ahaa taliyihii Adal, isagoo Harar u dhisay darbi difaac ah oo ilaa maanta taagan. 1559-kii, wuxuu hogaaminayay duulaan ka dhan ah Boqortooyadii Xabashida , wuxuuna dilay Imbaraadoor Gelawdewos dagaalkii Fatagar , isagoo isla mar ahaantaana iska caabiyay duulaankii Xabashidu ku soo qaaday Harar, taasoo sababtay dhimashada Sultan Barakat bin Umar Din iyo dhamaadka boqortooyadii Walashma . Oromadu dabadeed waxay ku duuleen Adal, ciidankii Nuur ayaa jabiyay dagaalkii Hazalo , inkastoo darbiyada magaaladu ay badbaadiyeen, inkasta oo ay xaalad abaareed aad u daran ku jirtay . Nuur wuxuu dhintay 1567, waxaana xilka kala wareegay Cuthman oo Xabashi ah , oo heshiiskii nabadeed ee uu la galay Oromada horseeday in xukunka laga tuuro. Dhaxalsuge Maxamed ibn Naasir , wuxuu isku dayay duullaan ka dhan ah Itoobiya, waase lagu jebiyay laguna dilay dagaalkii webi , taasoo calaamad u ahayd soo afjaridda gardaradii Adal. Dhaxal sugaha Muxammad , Mansur ibn Muxamed , waxa uu la dagaalamay Oromada guul darradu ka soo baxday, ka dibna waxa uu qabsaday Awsa iyo Saylac . Dhimashadii Nuur iyo dhicistii boqorradii Walashma ayaa ka dhashay loolan dhanka awoodda ah, iyadoo Muxammad Gasa uu qaatay magaca Imaam sannadkii 1576-kii, wuxuuna caasimadda u soo raray Aussa , isagoo aasaasay imaamkii Aussa , kaasoo hoos u dhacay qarnigi xigay, aakhirkiina u gacan galay dadka Canfarta . Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, dadka Harla iyo dadka Dooba waxay ku biireen aqoonsiga Canfarta , taasoo keentay soo ifbaxa Saldanada Aussa . Enrico Cerulli waxa uu burburka Adal u sababeeyay in ay ka gudbi kari wayday kala qaybsanaantii qabaa’ilka, si ka duwan sidii Imbaraadooriyadda Xabashida ee Sarsa Dengel , taas oo keentay in uu dagaal joogto ah ka dhexeeyo qabaa’ilka reer guuraaga ah. Burburkii Saldanadii Adal waxa ay horseedday in lasameeyo dawlado badan sida Aussa , Tadjourah iyo Rahayto. [[File:Einwohner Von Abex.webp|thumb |Qof deggan Xabeesh Eyalet oo uu qoray Georg Adam Dillinger (1773)]] Mamluk Masar oo ay qabsadeen Cusmaaniyiintu waxay cabsi galisay ganacsatadii Carbeed , kuwaas oo ka baqay guumaystayaashan cusub ee Turkiga, sidaa awgeed waxay doorteen inay u safraan dhanka xeebaha Cadal. Taas waxaa sidoo kale raacay ganacsato Hindi ah oo ka cararay isla cadowga. Cusmaaniyiintii markay arkeen dhaq-dhaqaaqa ballaaran ee degdega ah, waxay si degdeg ah u qabsadeen Saylac waxayna sameeyeen guri kastam iyo galley ilaalinaya Bab-el-Mandeb . Qarnigii 17-aad markii Cusmaaniyiinta lagu qasbay inay ka fariistaan ​​Saylac, magaalada iyo nawaaxigeeda sida Tadjuura waxay gacanta ku dhigeen saldanada Mocha iyo Sanca , kuwaas oo ka kireeyay dhulkii ganacsade Sanca ah oo la oran jiray Sayid Al-Barr. Saylac ka dib waxa xukumay Amiir, kaas oo Mordechai Abir u soo jeediyay in uu leeyahay "wax sheegasho ah oo aan caddayn oo ku saabsan dhammaan gobolka Saaxil , laakiin awoodda dhabta ah ma dhaafin meel ka baxsan derbiyada magaalada." Badhasaabka oo gacan ka helaya madfac iyo calooshood u shaqeystayaal kooban oo ku hubaysnaa birta , ayaa ku guulaystay in uu iska difaaco duullaan ay ku soo qaadeen labadii reer guuraaga ahaa ee gudaha ku sugnaa, kuwaas oo gudaha u soo galay iyo weliba guutooyin ku sugnaa gacanka Cadmeed. Inkasta oo Tadjoura ay sheegatay madax-bannaani dhammaystiran, haddana waxaa loo tixgeliyey inay hoos timaado Saylac maadaama suldaanku uu ka heli lahaa gunno-sannadeedka guddoomiyaha deegaanka. Abubakr Pasha waxa uu u sharaxay Vice-Admiral Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle in markii imaamka Sanca uu wali ka talinayay xeebaha Yemen, qaar ka mid ah askartii loo diray Tadjoura ay maalin ay xasuuqeen dadka magaalada. Badhasaabka Mocha ayaa markaa diray ciidan cusub si ay uga soo aargudaan. Magaaladu intay aargoosigan la kulmi lahayd, waxay door bidday inay u go'aansato inay Imaamka siiso, sannad walba xilliga carwooyinka, oo ah gunno aan waligeed la bixin oo uu guddoomiyaha Saylac ka masuul yahay soo saarista. Tadjourah's vizier Mahamed Mahamed ayaa u cusboonaysiiyay faa'iidada Pasha Turkiga ee Al-Hodeydah in kasta oo Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiintu aysan waligood xaq siyaasadeed u adeegsan Tadjoura. Mohammed Al-Barr waxa mar dambe lagu beddeli doonaa guddoomiyaha Saylac iyo inta ku tiirsan ( Saaxil).) by Sharmaake Cali Saalix . Bishii Juun 1861, Faransiisku wuxuu Sharmarke Ali Salih ku eedeeyay inuu ku lug lahaa dilkii Henri Lambert , wakiilkii hore ee qunsuliyada Faransiiska, taageerena u ahaa Sharmaarke, Abubakr Pasha , oo ka ganacsan jiray addoonta Canfarta . Inkasta oo Pasha Turkiga ee Al-Xodeydah iyo Degenaanshaha Ingiriiska ee Cadan ay rumaysnaayeen in Sharmaarke aanu wax dambi ah lahayn, haddana isaga iyo qaar ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ayaa la xidhay oo loo gacan geliyey ciidamada badda Faransiiska. Maxkamadeynta, oo markii hore loo qorsheeyay Constantinople , ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay Jeddah . Muxammad Cali , Pasha Masar , wuxuu u yimid inuu xukumo Yemen , Harar , Gacanka Tadjoura oo ay Saylac iyo Berbera ku jiraan. Badhasaabkii deegaanka Abubakar Pasha ayaa ku amray ciidankii Masar ee Sagallo joogay inay ka fariistaan ​​Saylac . Doonta markabka Seignelay ayaa gaadhay Sagallo wax yar ka dib markii ay Masaaridu dhoofeen. Ciidamada Faransiisku waxay qabsadeen qalcadda inkasta oo ay ka soo horjeesteen wakiilka Ingiriiska ee Cadan , Major Frederick Mercer Hunter, kaas oo u diray ciidamo si ay u ilaaliyaan danaha Ingiriiska iyo Masar ee Saylac iyo ka hortagga kordhinta Faransiiska ee jihadaas. 14-kii Abriil 1884kii Taliyaha roondada sloop L'Inferent ayaa ka warbixiyey qabsashadii Masar ee Gacanka Tadjoura. Taliyaha ilaalada sloop Le Vaudreuil ayaa sheegay in Masaarida ay ku sugnaayeen gudaha inta u dhexeysa Obock iyo Tadjoura . Imbaraadoor Yohannes IV ee Itoobiya wuxuu heshiis la saxeexday Great Britain si loo joojiyo la dagaalanka Masaarida iyo in la ogolaado in ciidamada Masar laga soo daadgureeyo Itoobiya iyo Somaliland litteral. Ciidankii Masar ayaa laga saaray Tadjoura . Léonce Lagarde waxa uu roondo u diray Tadjoura habeenkii xigay. [[File:Carte de la côte française (...)Meunier Alexandre btv1b53062311r 1.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda Xeebta Soomaalida Faransiiska iyo gobollada deriska la ah 1870kii]] Soohdimaha dalka Jabuuti ee maanta waxa la aassay markii ugu horeysay ee Faransiisku ka as aaso  Geeska Afrika xiligii loollanka Afrika . Heshiiskii March 11. Faransiisku waxa ay xiisaynayeen in ay yeeshaan xarun dhuxul oo loogu talagalay uumiyada , taas oo si gaar ah muhiim u ah warbaahinta Kanaalka Suweys ee 1869 .  March 26, 1885, Faransiisku waxay heshiis kale la dhigteen Issas halkaas oo kan dambe uu noqon doono maxmiyad hoos-u-qaadis Faransiis [[File:Djibouti-Eid-Celebration.jpg|thumb|Xaflad si heer sare ah loo soo agaasimay oo ay isugu soo baxeen dad muslimiin ah oo isticmaalaya kataarad Suudaani ah si ay ugu ciidaan sanadkii 1913-kii]] Waxa la aasaasay intii u dhaxaysay 1883 ilaa 1887, ka dib markii Soomaalidii xukumi jirtay iyo saldanadii Canfarta mid waliba heshiis la saxeexday Faransiiska . Isku daygii Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov , tacabiir Ruush ah , si uu u dejiyo Sagallo 1889 waxaa markiiba fashiliyay ciidamada Faransiiska hal bil ka dib. Sannadkii 1894kii, Léonce Lagarde waxa uu maamul rasmi ah oo Faransiis ah ka dhisay magaalada Jabuuti wuxuuna gobolka u magacaabay Faransiiska Somaliland . Dhismaha Jidka Tareenka ee Imperial ee galbeedka Itoobiya ayaa dekedda Jabuuti ka dhigay magaalo boom ah oo dhan 15,000 xilli Harar ay ahayd magaalada kaliya ee Itoobiya ka sarreysay. Inkasta oo dadku ay hoos u dhaceen ka dib markii la dhammeeyey jidka tareenka ee Diridhaba oo shirkaddii asalka ahayd ay ku guuldareysatay oo ay dalbatay dammaanad dawladeed, isku xirka tareenka ayaa u oggolaaday dhulku inuu si dhakhso ah u dhaafo ganacsigii safarka ahaa ee Saylac (oo markaa ahaa aagga Ingiriiska ee Somaliland ) oo noqday dekedda koowaad ee qaxwaha iyo badeecadaha kale ee ka baxa koonfurta Itoobiya iyo Harar . [[File:Ahmed Abokob.jpg|thumb|Axmed Abokob, oo ahaa tiir-raac Soomaaliyeed oo u dhashay Jabuuti, kana qayb galay WW1]] Guutada 6-aad ee Somali Marching ayaa lagu aas aasay Madagascar 11-kii May 1916-kii, waxaana ciidamadan laga soo qaatay Xeebaha Soomaaliya ee Faransiiska , waxaana loo bixiyay Guutada 1-aad ee Tirailleurs Soomaaliyeed markii ay soo gaareen dalka Faransiiska bishii June. Asal ahaan loogu talagalay in ay noqoto unug diyaargarow ah, saraakiishii guutada ayaa ka jawaabay rabitaanka Soomaalida ee ah in ay dagaalamaan, taasoo keentay in ay ka qaybgalaan iyaga iyo RICM weerarkii Oktoobar 1916 ee Fort Douaumont. Doorkooda gaarka ah, shirkadaha guutada waxaa la guddoonsiiyay Croix de Guerre, iyo calanka RICM wuxuu helay Legion of Honor. Dib-u-habaynta cutubka dagaalka bishii Diseembar 1916, guutadu waxay ku dagaalameen Chemin des Dames bishii Maajo 1917 iyo markii dambe dagaallo waaweyn sida Malmaison, Dagaalkii 3aad ee Aisne, iyo Dagaalkii 2aad ee Marne, iyagoo kasbaday tixraacyo badan iyo xuquuqda xirashada Croix de Guerre fourragère. 2,434 ka mid ah ragga hubaysan ee la diray, 517 ka mid ah ayaa la dilay, 1,200 oo kalena waa lagu dhaawacay Yurub. Ka dib markii uu Talyaanigu qabsaday dalka Itoobiya badhtamihii 1930-aadkii, waxa iska hor imaad joogto ah oo dhinaca xuduudka ahi ku dhex maray ciidamadii Faransiiska ee Somaliland joogay iyo ciidamadii Talyaaniga ee ku sugnaa bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu . Bishii Juun 1940, intii lagu jiray marxaladihii hore ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka , Faransiisku wuu dhacay , gumeysigana waxaa xukumay dawladdii Axis Vichy (Faransiiska) . Ciidamada Ingiriiska iyo kuwa Barwaaqo-sooranka waxay la dagaalameen talyaanigii dariska ahaa intii uu socday Ololihii Bariga Afrika . 1941kii, Talyaanigii waa la jebiyey, waxaana la go'doomiyey ciidamadii Vichy ee Faransiiska Somaliland. Maamulkii Vichy Faransiisku waxa uu ku sii jiray gumaysigii in ka badan sannad ka dib burburkii Talyaaniga. Ingriiska oo ka jawaabaya waxa uu go’doomiyay dekedda magaalada Jabuuti balse way ka hor istaagi wayday in Faransiisku uu macluumaadka ka bixiyo kolanyada markabkii halkaa marayay. Sannadkii 1942-kii, ilaa 4,000 oo askari oo British ah ayaa qabsaday magaalada. Guuto maxali ah oo ka socday French Somaliland ayaa ka qayb qaatay Xoraynta Faransiiska 1944. Sannadkii 1958-kii oo ku beegnayd maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay 1960-kii, ayaa waxaa dalka Jabuuti ka dhacay afti dadweyne oo lagu go'aamiyay inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska iyo inay tahay waddan madaxbannaan. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay qayb ka tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qawmiyadda Canfarta iyo Faransiiska deggan. Waxa kale oo jiray eedaymo ku saabsan ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan . Inta badan dadka maya ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali si weyn u taageersanaa ku biiritaanka Soomaaliya oo mid ah sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi waxa uu ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed laba sano ka dib iyada oo duruufo laga shakiyay [[File:An aerial view of Djibouti City.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka hawada ee magaalada Jabuuti ee caasimadda Jabuuti]] 1966-kii, Faransiisku wuxuu diiday taladii Qaramada ee ay ahayd in uu Faransiisku siiyo adeegida Somaliland. Bishii hore isla sanadkaas, calaamad rasmi ah oo uu ku tagay dhulkaas Faransiiska Charles de Gaulle , ayaa sidoo kale la dersay mudaaharaadyo iyo naqshado. laga, u jawaabayo mudaaharaadyada, de Gaulle wuxuu afti kale. In 1967, plebiscite labaad ayaa la qabtay si loo go'aamiyo aayaha dhulka. Natiijooyinka hore waxay taageereen isku xirka sii socda laakiin dabacsan oo lala yeesho Faransiis. Codeynta ayaa sidoo kale loo qeybiyay qaab isir ah, iyadoo guud ahaan Soomaalida degan ay u codeeyeen madax banaani, iyadoo hadafku ahaa in la midoobo Soomaaliya, waxaan Canfartu ay si weyn u doorteen in ay la midoobaan Faransiiska. Aftida ayaa mar kale waxaa hareeyay warbixino ku saabsan ku shubasho dhanka codadka ah oo ay ciidamada maamulka Faransiiska. Wax yar ka dib markii la qabtay shirweynihii, dalkii hore ee Côte française des Somalis (Faransiiska Somaliland) waxaa loo dhacay Territoire français des Afars et des Issas . Ku dhawaaqida cudurka plebiscite ayaa baaqabashada shacab, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr calaamad. Faransiisku waxa kale oo uu kordhiyey cududiisa sababta ku teedsan xuduudka. [[File:Front de Libération de la Côte des Somalis Symbol.jpg|thumb|1960-meeyadii, halgankii gobanimadoonka waxaa hogaaminayay Jabhaddii Xoreynta Xeebta Soomaaliyeed (FLCS) oo halgan hubaysan oo gobonimo-doon ah qaaday iyada oo inta badan rabshado ay ku beegsanayeen shaqaalaha Faransiiska. FLCS waxay u adeegsan jirtay in ay bilawdo dhawr hawlgal oo soohdin ah oo ku soo biiraya Faransiiska Somaliland oo ka yimid Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya si ay u weeraraan bartilmaameedyada Faransiiska. March 24, 1975, Jabhadda Front de Libération de la Côte des Somali waxay af-duubtay Safiirkii Faransiiska u fadhiyay Soomaaliya, Jean Guery, si ay u beddesho laba hawlwadeen oo ka tirsan FLCS oo labadooduba muddo ku noolaa dhul weynaha Faransiiska . Waxa lagu bedelay labadii xubnood ee FLCS ee Cadan ee Koonfurta Yemen . [ 150 ] FLCS waxaa loo aqoonsaday dhaqdhaqaaq xornimo qaran Ururka Midnimada Afrika (OAU), kaas oo ka qaybqaatay maalgelintiisa. FLCS waxay dalabaadkeedii u dhexaysay codsigii is-dhex-galka si ay suurtogal u noqoto " Soomaali-weyn " oo ay saamaysay dawladda Soomaaliya ama madaxbannaanida fudud ee dhulka. Sannadkii 1975-kii waxaa magaalada Kampala ee dalka Uganda ku kulmay ururradii xornimada Afrika ee LPAI iyo FLCS, waxayna ugu dambayntii go'aansadeen dariiqa madaxbannaanida ee Soomaaliya .  Sannadkii 1976-kii, xubno ka tirsan Jabhadda Front de Libération de la Côte des Somali ee raadinaysay inay Djibouti madax-bannaanideeda ka hesho Faransiiska , waxay sidoo kale isku dhaceen kooxda faragelinta ee Gendarmerie Nationale Intervention Group ka dib markii ay afduubteen bas u socday Loyada . Dhacdadan, iyadoo lagu muujinayo dhibka uu ku hayo joogitaanka gumeystaha Faransiiska ee Jabuuti, waxay ahayd tallaabo muhiim u ah madax -bannaanida dhulka . Suurtagalnimada afti saddexaad oo u muuqata mid lagu guulaystay Faransiisku way sii yaraanaysay. Kharashka mamnuuca ah ee ilaalinta gumeysiga , Faransiiska ee ugu dambeeya ee qaaradda , wuxuu ahaa arrin kale oo ku qasabtay goobjoogayaasha inay ka shakiyaan in Faransiisku isku dayo inuu sii haysto dhulka. ===Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti=== [[File:Ahmed Dini Ahmed proclaiming the Djibouti Declaration of Independence on 27 June 1977.jpg|thumb|Axmed Diini Axmed oo ku dhawaaqayay gobonimada Jabuuti 27kii Juun 1977kii]] Aftidii saddexaad ee madax-bannaanida ayaa lagu qabtay dhulka Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa 8 May 1977. Aftidii hore waxay dhacday 1958 iyo 1967 , oo diiday madaxbannaanida . Aftidani waxay taageertay madax banaanida Faransiiska . 98.8% codbixiyayaashu waxay taageereen ka go'itaanka Faransiiska, taas oo si rasmi ah u calaamadisay madaxbannaanida Jabuuti Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ah siyaasi Ciise (qawmiyad Soomaali ah) oo u ololeeyay in haa loo codeeyo aftidii 1958, wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee qaranka (1977-1999). Sannadkeedii ugu horreeyay, Jabuuti waxay ku biirtay Ururka Midowga Afrika (hadda Midowga Afrika ), Jaamacadda Carabta iyo Qaramada Midoobay. 1986kii, jamhuuriyadda curdinka ahi waxay sidoo kale ka mid ahayd xubnihii aasaasay urur goboleedka horumarinta ee urur-goboleedka IGAD. Intii uu socday dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya , siyaasiyiintii Ciisaha ee saamaynta ku lahaa waxay ku tala galeen Jabuuti-weyn ama “Ciise-land”, oo xuduudka Jabuuti uu ka koobnaan doono Badda Cas ilaa Diridhaba . Riyadaasu waxay ku dhufatay dhamaadkii dagaalka iyadoo ciidamadii Soomaalida laga jabiyay Itoobiya. Horraantii 1990-aadkii, xiisado ka dhashay matalaadda dowladda ayaa horseeday iskahorimaad hubeysan oo dhex maray xisbiga talada dalka Jabuuti haya ee PRP iyo kooxda mucaaradka ah ee Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). Is-mariwaaga wuxuu ku dhammaaday heshiis awood-qeybsi ah 2000. Bishii Abriil 2021, Ismaaciil Geelle , oo ah madaxweynihii labaad ee Jabuuti tan iyo markii ay xorriyadda ka qaateen Faransiiska 1977, ayaa mar kale loo doortay markii shanaad. ==Siyaasada== Jabuuti waa jamhuuriyad madaxtinimo oo midaysan , awood fulineedna waxay ku fadhidaa madaxtooyada , taas oo iyaduna awood u leh golaha wasiirada , iyo awooda sharci dejinta ee dawlada iyo golaha shacabka . Economist Democracy Index waxa ay Djibouti ku qiimeysay mid kalitalis ah 2024. ===Dawladnimada=== [[File:Ismail Omar Guelleh 2010.jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle]] Madaxweyne Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ayaa ah shaqsiga caanka ka ah siyaasadda dalka Jabuuti — madaxa dawladda iyo taliyaha guud . Madaxwaynuhu waxa uu isticmaalayaa awoodooda fulineed oo uu kaalmaynayo ra'iisul wasaaraha ay u magacaabeen , Cabduqaadir Kaamil Maxamed . Golaha Wasiirada (Wasiirada) waxa u xilsaaran oo guddoominaya Madaxweynaha. Nidaamka garsoorku wuxuu ka kooban yahay maxkamadaha darajada koowaad, Maxkamadda Sare ee Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadda Sare. Nidaamka sharcigu waa isku dhafka sharciga madaniga ah ee Faransiiska iyo xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida iyo Canfarta. Golaha Shacbiga (oo hore u ahaan jiray Golaha Wakiilada ) waa sharci-dejinta dalka, oo ka kooban 65 xubnood oo la soo doorto shantii sanaba mar. Inkasta oo aan ka koobnayn , haddana Dastuurku waxa uu dhigayaa in la sameeyo Golaha Guurtida. Doorashadii u dambaysay waxa la qabtay 23 February 2018. Jabuuti waxa ka jira nidaamka xisbiyada badan , iyadoo xisbiga Rally ee Progress (RPP) ay gacanta ku hayaan sharci-dejinta iyo fulinta tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1979 (xisbigu wuxuu u hoggaansamaa qayb ka mid ah Midowga Aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha , kaas oo haysta kuraasta sare ). Axsaabta mucaaridka ah waa la ogol yahay ( xadidan) xoriyad, laakiin xisbiga ugu weyn mucaaradka, Midowga Badbaadada Qaranka , ayaa qaadacay doorashooyinkii 2005 iyo 2008, iyaga oo ku sababeeyey inay dawladdu gacanta ku hayso warbaahinta iyo cabudhinta murashaxiinta mucaaradka. Dowladda waxaa u badan beesha Ciisaha Dir ee Soomaaliyeed oo taageero ka haysta beelaha Soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan beesha Gadabuursi Dir . Dalku waxa uu ka soo baxay dagaal sokeeye oo toban sano socday dhamaadkii sagaashameeyadii iyada oo dawladii iyo jabhadii FRUD ay heshiis nabadeed kala saxeexdeen 2000. Laba xubnood oo FRUD ah ayaa ku biiray golaha wasiirada, oo ka bilaabmay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 1999 , FRUD waxay olole u gashay RPP. Madaxweyne Geelle waxa uu xilka kala wareegay Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon sannadkii 1999 - kii . Horraantii 2011, muwaadiniinta Jabuuti waxay ka qaybqaateen mudaaharaadyo isdaba joog ah oo lagaga soo horjeedo dawladda muddada dheer soo shaqaynaysay, kuwaas oo lala xidhiidhiyay mudaaharaadyadii guga Carabta ee waaweyn . Geelle ayaa mar saddexaad loo doortay sanadkaas kadib markii uu helay 80.63% codadkii la dhiibtay 75% codadkii la dhiibtay. In kasta oo kooxaha mucaaradka ay qaadaceen codbixinta isbeddelka lagu sameeyay dastuurka u oggolaanaya Geelle inuu mar kale u tartamo xafiiska, goobjoogayaasha caalamiga ah ee Midowga Afrika ayaa guud ahaan doorashada ku tilmaamay mid xor iyo xalaal ah. 31-kii March 2013, Geelle waxa uu ra’iisul wasaarihii mudada dheer xilka hayay Dilleita Mohamed Dilleita u bedelay madaxweynihii hore ee Midowga Aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha (UMP) Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed . Bishii Diseembar 2014, Ururka talada haya ee aqlabiyadda Madaxweynaha ayaa sidoo kale heshiis qaab-dhismeed la saxeexday Isbahaysiga Badbaadada Qaranka, kaas oo waddada u xaaraya in sharci-dejiyeyaasha mucaaradka ay galaan baarlamaanka iyo dib u habeynta hay'adda doorashada qaranka. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== Xiriirka dibadda ee Jabuuti waxaa maamula wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda iyo iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee Jabuuti. Jabuuti ayaa xiriir dhow la leh dowladaha Soomaaliya , Itoobiya , Faransiiska iyo Mareykanka . Sidoo kale waa ka-qaybgale firfircoon oo ka tirsan Midowga Afrika , Qaramada Midoobay , Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan Isbahaysiga ahayn , Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka iyo Arrimaha Jaamacadda Carabta . Tan iyo 2000-meeyadii, mas'uuliyiinta Jabuuti waxay sidoo kale xoojiyeen xiriirka Turkiga . Jabuuti waxa ay xubin ka ahayd Madasha Dawladaha Yaryar (FOSS) tan iyo markii la aasaasay kooxda 1992. ===Milatari=== [[File:Camp Maryama during an exercise, Arta Region, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Saldhiga Maryama oo dhoolatus ciidan ka waday Gobolka Carta]] Ciidamada Jabuuti waxaa ka mid ah ciidamada Jabuuti oo ka kooban ciidamada badda Jabuuti, ciidamada cirka ee Jabuuti iyo kuwa Gendarmerie (GN). Laga soo bilaabo 2011 , shaqaalaha diyaarka u ah adeegga milatarigu wuxuu ahaa 170,386 rag ah iyo 221,411 dumar ah oo da'doodu u dhaxayso 16 ilaa 49 . Xornimada ka dib, Jabuuti waxay lahayd laba rajiim oo ay kala taliyaan saraakiil Faransiis ah. Horraantii 2000-meeyadii, waxa ay u muuqatay mid bannaanka ah nooc ka mid ah ururrada ciidanka kaas oo sida ugu wanaagsan u horumarin doona awoodaha difaaca iyada oo dib-u-habayn lagu samaynayo ciidamada oo loo samaynayo unugyo yaryar oo guurguura oo badan halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen qaybo dhaqameed. Dagaalkii ugu horeeyey ee ay ka qayb qaataan ciidamada Jabuuti waxa uu ahaa dagaalkii sokeeye ee Jabuuti dhex maray dawladda Jabuuti oo ay taageerayaan Faransiiska iyo Jabhadda Dib-u-soo-celinta Midnimada iyo Dimuqraadiyadda ( FRUD ). Dagaalku wuxuu socday intii u dhaxaysay 1991 ilaa 2001, inkastoo inta badan colaadaasi ay soo afjartay markii garabyadii qunyar socodka ahaa ee FRUD ay heshiis nabadeed la saxiixdeen dowladda ka dib markii ay la kulmeen dib u dhac ciidan oo baaxad leh, markii ay ciidamada dowladdu qabsadeen inta badan dhulkii ay jabhaddu gacanta ku haysay. Koox xagjir ah ayaa sii waday dagaalka ay kula jirto dowladda, laakiin waxay saxiixday heshiis nabadeed sannadkii 2001. Dagaalku wuxuu ku dhammaaday guul dawladeed, FRUDna waxay noqotay xisbi siyaasadeed. Dalka Jabuuti oo xarun u ah urur goboleedka IGAD, waxa ay si firfircoon uga qayb qaadatay geeddi-socodka nabadda Soomaaliya , iyada oo martigelisay shirkii Carta ee sannadkii 2000 . Sannadihii u dambeeyay, Djibouti waxa ay horumarisay farsamada tababarada, taliska ciidanka iyo qaab dhismeedka xogta waxaanay qaaday talaabooyin ay ku noqonayso isku filnaansho xagga sahayda ciidankeeda si ay Qaramada Midoobay kala kaashato hawlaha nabad ilaalinta, ama ay caawimo ciidan u fidiso wadamada sida rasmiga ah u waydiista. Hadda waxaa la geeyey Soomaaliya iyo Suudaan ===Joogitaanka ciidamada shisheeye=== [[File:11th MEU conducts Sustainment Training 170105-F-QF982-589.jpg|thumb|Xubnaha adeegga Mareykanka ee saxaraha Grand Bara , 2017]] Ciidamada Faransiisku waxa ay joogeen Jabuuti markii uu dhulku xornimada qaatay, iyada oo markii ugu horraysay qayb ka ahayd hab-maamuuskii ku-meel-gaadhka ahaa ee bishii June 1977-kii oo dhigayay shuruudihii lagu dejin lahaa ciidammada Faransiiska, taas oo ka dhigan heshiis difaac. Heshiis iskaashi oo cusub oo dhanka difaaca ah oo u dhaxeeya Faransiiska iyo Jabuuti ayaa lagu kala saxiixday magaalada Paris 21-kii December 2011. Wuxuu dhaqan galay 1-dii May 2014. Heshiiskaas iyo qodobkiisa amniga, Faransiisku waxay dib u xaqiijiyeen inay ka go'an tahay madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti. Sidoo kale xornimada ka hor, 1962, cutub ka tirsan ciidamada shisheeye ee Faransiiska , guutadii 13-aad ee Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion (13 DBLE) ayaa laga soo wareejiyay Aljeeriya loona wareejiyay Jabuuti si ay u noqdaan xudunta ciidankii Faransiiska ee halkaas joogay. 31kii Luulyo 2011, guutada demi-guutiga waxay ka ambabaxeen Jabuuti una socdeen Imaaraadka Carabta . Dalka Jabuuti oo ah goob istaraatijiyad ah oo ku taal marinka Bab-el-Mandeb , kaas oo kala qaybiya gacanka cadmeed iyo badda cas , isla markaana maamusha waddooyinka loo maro kanaalka Suweys , ayaa ka dhigtay meel aad loogu jecel yahay saldhigyada ciidamada shisheeye. Camp Lemonnier waxaa ka tagay Faransiiska oo markii dambe u kireeyay Taliska Dhexe ee Mareykanka Sebtembar 2002. Heshiiska waxaa dib loo cusbooneysiiyay 2014 ilaa 20 sano oo kale. Saldhigga Milatari ee Taageerada Qaranka Talyaanigu wuxuu sidoo kale ku yaal Jabuuti. Dalku waxa kale oo uu martigeliyaa saldhigga millatari ee Japan ee kaliya ee dibadda ah iyo saldhigga taageerada Shiinaha . Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka ayaa ku eedeysay Shiinaha in ay la beegsadeen laysarka awoodda sare leh ee diyaaradaha dagaalka Mareykanka meel u dhow saldhigga ay Shiinaha ku leeyihiin Jabuuti. Martigelinta saldhigyada ciidamada shisheeye waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha Jabuuti. Maraykanku waxa uu bixiyaa $63 milyan sannadkii si uu u kiraysto Camp Lemonnier, France iyo Japan mid walba waxa uu bixiyaa $30 milyan sannadkii, iyo Shiinaha ayaa bixiya $20 milyan sannadkii. Lacagaha ijaarka ayaa lagu daray in ka badan 5% wadarta guud ee GDP ee Djibouti oo ah US$2.3 bilyan sanadka 2017. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Warbixin ay soo saartay Freedom in the World 2011, Freedom House waxa ay Djibouti ku qiimeysay "Non Free", hoos u dhigista meeqaamkeedii hore ee "Qayb Xor ah". Marka loo eego Warbixinta Dalka ee Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka ee 2019 ee Dhaqanka Xuquuqda Aadanaha , Jabuuti arrimaha muhiimka ah ee xuquuqul insaanka waxaa ka mid ah dilalka sharci-darrada ah ama aan sharciga ahayn ee ay geystaan ​​wakiillada dowladda; xidhitaanka sabab la'aanta ah ee wakiilada dawladda; xaaladaha xabsiga oo adag oo nafta halis gelinaya; faragelin aan sabab lahayn ama sharci darro ah oo sirta ah; xadhig aan sabab lahayn ama dacwad ku oogidda suxufiyiinta; cayda dembiilaha; faragelin weyn oo lagu sameeyo xuquuqaha isu imaatinka nabada iyo xoriyada ururrada; falalka musuqmaasuqa ee muhiimka ah; iyo xad-gudubyada ka dhanka ah haweenka iyo gabdhaha oo aan ku filneyn tallaabo dowladeed oo ku aaddan dacwad oogista iyo isla xisaabtanka, oo ay ku jiraan gudniinka fircooniga ah. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in isla xisaabtan la’aanta ay dhibaato tahay, iyadoo dawladdu dhif iyo naadir ku tahay inay qaado tallaabooyin lagu cadaynayo laguna ciqaabayo mas’uuliyiinta geysta xadgudubyada, haddii ay ahaan lahaayeen hay’adaha amniga iyo kuwa kale ee dawladda. ===Qaybaha maamulka=== [[File:The Regions of Djibouti.png|thumb|Maabka gobollada Jabuuti]] Jabuuti waxaa loo qeybiyay lix gobol oo maamul, iyadoo magaalada Jabuuti ay ka mid tahay gobollada rasmiga ah. Waxa loo sii kala qaybiyay labaatan maamul-hoosaadyo . ==Juqraafiga== ===Goobta iyo deegaanka=== [[File:Satellite image of Djibouti in November 2001.jpg|thumb|Sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka]] [[File:Satellite images of Djibouti during the night.png|thumb|Jabuuti maalintii (bidix) iyo habeenkii (midig)]] Jabuuti waxa ay dhacdaa Geeska Afrika , waxa ay dhacdaa gacanka Cadmeed iyo Bab-el-Mandeb , dhinaca koonfureed ee laga galo badda cas . Waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 11° iyo 14°N iyo longitudes 41° iyo 44°E, oo ah barta waqooyi ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift Valley . Waa Jabuuti markii khilaafkii u dhexeeyay Plate-ka Afrika iyo Plate-kii Soomaaliyeed uu ku kulmay Plate-ka Carabta , oo ka sameysan saddex geesood oo juqraafi ah. Isdhexgalka tectonic ee seddexda geesoodka ah ayaa abuuray heerka ugu hooseeya ee meel kasta oo Afrika ka mid ah oo ku taal harada Assal , iyo niyad-jabka labaad ee ugu hooseeya ee dhulka engegan meel kasta oo dhulka ah (oo ay dhaaftay kaliya niyad-jabka xuduudaha Jordan iyo Israa'iil Xeebta waddanku waxay fidsan tahay 314 kiiloomitir (195 mayl), oo leh dhul ka kooban badiyaa taagga, bannaanka iyo dhulka sare. Djabouti waxay leedahay bedka guud ee dhulka 23,200 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (8,958 sq mi). Xuduudaheedu waxay gaadhayaan 575 km (357 mi), 125 km (78 mi) oo ka mid ah waxay la wadaagtaa Eritrea , 390 km (242 mi) waxay la wadaagtaa Itoobiya , iyo 60 km (37 mi) waxay la wadaagtaa Somaliland . Jabuuti waa dalka ugu konfureed ee ku yaal saxanka Carabta . Jabuuti waxa ay leedahay siddeed saf oo buuraley ah oo ay ugu sarrayso in ka badan 1,000 mitir (3,300 cagood). Silsiladda Mousa Ali waxaa lagu tiriyaa buurta ugu sarreysa dalka, oo leh meesha ugu sarreysa ee xadka Itoobiya iyo Ereteriya. Waxay leedahay kor u kac dhan 2,028 mitir (6,654 cagood). Saxaraha Grand Bara waxa uu daboolaa qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta Djibouti ee gobollada Carta, Cali Sabiix iyo Dikhil. Inta badan waxay ku fadhidaa meel sare oo aad u hooseeya, oo ka hooseysa 1,700 cagood (520 mitir). Meelaha juqraafiga ah ee aad u xun waxaa ka mid ah: dhanka waqooyi, Ras Doumera iyo barta ay soohdinta Eritrea ka gasho Badda Cas ee Gobolka Obock; dhanka bari, qayb ka mid ah xeebta Badda Cas ee waqooyiga Raas Bir; dhanka koonfureed, oo ah meel ku taal xuduudka Itoobiya ee galbeedka magaalada As Ela ; dhanka galbeedna, waa meel ku taal xuduudka Itoobiya isla markiiba bari ka xigta magaalada Afambo ee Itoobiya . Inta badan Jabuuti waxa ay ka mid tahay dhul -daaqsimeedka xabashida iyo geedaha geedaha . Waxa ka reeban marin bari oo ku teedsan xeebta Badda Cas, taasoo qayb ka ah lamadegaanka xeebta Eritereeya '''Muuqaallada Jibouti''' [[File:Djib 003.JPG|thumb|Harada Assal]] [[File:Traditional houses on the Mabla Mountains.jpg|thumb|Guryaha dhaqanka ee Buuraha Mabla]] [[File:Lac Abbe-02.JPG|thumb|Harada Abbe]] [[File:The mountains near Dasbiyo.png|thumb|Buuraha Dasbiyo u dhow]] [[File:South Djibouti Beach.png|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee magaalada Jabuuti , oo ku taal gacanka Cadmeed]] ===Cimilada=== [[File:Djibouti's map of Köppen climate classification.png|thumb|Cimilada Jabuuti aad ayay u diiran tahay waxayna aad uga yar tahay isbeddelka xilliyeedka marka loo eego celceliska adduunka . Celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ah wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 32 ilaa 41 ° C (90 ilaa 106 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare. Magaalada Jabuuti , tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 34 °C (82 ilaa 93 °F) bisha Abriil. Laakiin Airolaf , oo u dhaxaysa 1,535 ilaa 1,600 m (5,036 ilaa 5,249 ft), heerkulka ugu badan waa 30 °C (86 ° F) xagaaga iyo ugu yaraan 9 ° C (48 ° F) xilliga qaboobaha. [ 184 ] Dhulka sare wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 500 ilaa 800 m (1,600 ilaa 2,600 ft), way la barbar dhigi karaan oo way qabowsan yihiin kuwa xeebta bilaha ugu kulul ee Juun ilaa Agoosto. Diseembar iyo Jannaayo waa bisha ugu qabow ee celceliska heerkulka hooseeya hoos u dhaco ilaa 15 ° C (59 ° F). Jabuuti waxa ay leedahay cimilo kuleyl semi-oomane ah (BSh) ama cimilo kulul oo saxare ah (BWh), inkasta oo heerkulku aad u dhex dhexaad u yahay meelaha ugu sarreeya . Cimilada Djibouti waxay u dhaxaysaa oomanaha gobolada waqooyi bari ilaa iyo badhtamaha , waqooyiga, galbeedka iyo koonfurta dalka. Dhinaca badda ee bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi waxa uu ka yar yahay 5 inji (130 mm); Dhulka sare ee dhexe, roobabku waa 8 ilaa 16 inji (200 ilaa 410 millimitir). Dhulka dambe ayaa si aad ah uga hooseeya qoyaanka marka loo eego gobollada xeebta. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:FrancolinusOchropectus.svg|thumb|Jabuuti francolin , oo ah nooc aad u dabar go'aya oo ku nool Jabuuti oo kaliya]] Dhirta iyo xayawaanka dalku waxay ku nool yihiin dhul aad u qallafsan oo kayntu ay ka tahay wax ka yar boqolkiiba hal wadarta guud ee dalka. Duurjoogtu waxay ku faafeen saddex gobol oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo kala ah gobolka buuraleyda waqooyi ee dalka ilaa dhulalka foolkaanaha ee qaybteeda koonfureed iyo badhtamaha oo ay ku dhamaato gobolka xeebta. [[File:Goda Mountains - National Park of Forêt du Day.jpg|thumb|Noocyada dhirta ee Beerta Qaranka ee Forêt du Day]] Inta badan noocyada duurjoogta ah waxaa laga helaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka, ee nidaamka deegaanka ee Seeraha Qaranka ee Day Forest . Celcelis ahaan joog dhan 1,500 mitir (4,921 cagood), aagga waxaa ka mid ah Goda massif, oo leh ugu sarreeya 1,783 m (5,850 ft). Waxay dabooshaa dhul dhan 3.5 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (1 sq mi) ee kaynta Juniperus procera , iyadoo in badan oo dhir ah ay kor ugu kacayso 20 mitir (66 cagood). Dhulkan kaynta ah waa meesha ugu weyn ee ay ku nool yihiin dabar-goynta iyo ciribtirka Jibuuti francolin (shimbir), iyo mid kale oo dhawaan la xusay laf dhabarta, Platyceps afarensis ( maska ​​colubrine ). Waxa kale oo ay ka kooban tahay noocyo badan oo dhir alwaax ah iyo dhir leh, oo ay ku jiraan geedo geedo iyo saytuun ah, kuwaas oo 60% ka ah tirada guud ee la aqoonsaday ee dalka. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta dalka ee la xidhiidha noolaha duurjoogta ah ee Djibouti, qaranku wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 820 nooc oo dhir ah, 493 nooc oo lafdhabarta ah, 455 nooc oo kalluun ah, 40 nooc oo xamaarato ah, saddex nooc oo shimbiro ah, 360 nooc oo shimbiro ah iyo 66 nooc oo naasley ah. Duur-joogta Djibouti waxa ay sidoo kale ku taxan yihiin qayb ka mid ah meelaha ugu kala duwan ee noole ee Geeska Afrika iyo badda cas iyo gacanka cadmeed . Naasleyda waxaa ka mid ah dhowr nooc oo antelope ah, sida cawska Soemmerring iyo cawska Pelzeln. Natiijada mamnuucista ugaarsiga ee la soo rogay tan iyo horraantii 1970-kii noocyadan ayaa hadda si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyaa. Naasleyda kale ee caanka ah waa zebra Grevy , hamadryas baboon iyo antelope Hunter . Warthog , nooca nugul, ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa beerta Qaranka ee Maalinta . Biyaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin godad, qoolleyda cagaaran , iyo qoolleyda hawksbill . Haramcadka Waqooyi Bari Afrika Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii ayaa loo malaynayaa inuu ku dabar go'ay dalka Jabuuti ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:GDP by sector, Djibouti.png|thumb|GDP-ga Jabuuti qayb ahaan]] Dhaqaalaha Jabuuti waxa uu inta badan ku urursan yahay qaybta adeegga. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ganacsigu waxa ay ku wareegsan yihiin siyaasadaha ganacsiga xorta ah ee dalka iyo goobta istaraatiijiga ah ee marinka badda cas. Roobabka oo xaddidan awgeed, khudaarta iyo miraha ayaa ah dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee wax-soo-saarka, cunnada kalena waxay u baahan yihiin in dibadda loo keeno. Wax-soo-saarka (GDP perity perity) ee 2013 waxaa lagu qiyaasay $2.505 bilyan, iyadoo kobac dhab ah uu ahaa 5% sannadkii. Dakhliga qofkasta waa ku dhawaad ​​$2,874 (PPP). Qaybta adeegyadu waxay ka koobnayd 79.7% GDP, waxaa ku xigtay warshadaha 17.3%, iyo beeruhu 3%. Laga bilaabo 2013-ka , konteenarada dekedda Jabuuti ayaa qaada ganacsiga ugu badan ee qaranka. Qiyaastii 70% dhaqdhaqaaqa dekeddu waxa ay ka kooban tahay waxa laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Itoobiya , taas oo ku xidhan marsada oo ah marinka ugu weyn ee badda. [ 189 ] Laga bilaabo 2018, 95% shixnadaha gaadiidka Itoobiya waxaa maamuli jirtay Dekedda Jabuuti. Dekeddu waxay sidoo kale u adeegtaa sidii xarun shidaal oo caalami ah iyo xarun wareejin. Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Jabuuti oo kaashanaysa DP World waxay bilawday dhismaha dekedda Dooraale , oo ah deked saddexaad oo weyn oo loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo awoodda isu-socodka qaranka. Mashruuc dhan $396 milyan, waxa uu awood u leeyahay in uu qaado 1.5 milyan iyo labaatan cagood sannadkii. Djibouti waxa ay gashay kaalinta 177-aad ee ugu nabdoon halka loo maal galiyo aduunka marka la eego qiimaynta halista Euromoney Country ee March 2011. Si loo hagaajiyo jawiga maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye, maamulka Djibouti oo kaashanaya hay'adaha aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee kala duwan ayaa bilaabay tiro mashaariic horumarineed ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu muujiyo awoodda ganacsi ee dalka. Dawladdu waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigtay siyaasado cusub oo ganacsi oo gaar loo leeyahay oo lagu beegsanayo dulsaarka sare iyo sicir-bararka, oo ay ku jiraan dabcinta culayska cashuuraha ee shirkadaha iyo oggolaanshaha ka-dhaafitaanka cashuurta isticmaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, dadaal ayaa la sameeyay si loo dhimo qiyaasta 60% ee heerka shaqo la'aanta magaalooyinka iyadoo la abuurayo fursado shaqo oo badan iyada oo loo marayo maalgelinta qaybaha kala duwan. Lacagaha ayaa si gaar ah ugu baxay dhismaha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta iyo kordhinta dakhliga la iska tuuri karo iyadoo la taageerayo ganacsiyada yaryar. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay awooddeeda kobaca, waaxda kalluumeysiga iyo beer-soo-saarka, oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 15% GDP, ayaa sidoo kale ku riyaaqday maalgashiga kor u kaca tan iyo 2008. Si loo balaadhiyo qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah, warshad koronto-dhaliye ah oo 56 megawatt ah oo la qorsheeyay in la dhammeeyo 2018 ayaa la dhisayaa iyadoo la kaashanayo OPEC , Bangiga Adduunka iyo Xarunta Deegaanka Caalamiga ah . Xaruntan ayaa la filayaa inay xalliso koronto yaraan soo noqnoqotay, hoos u dhigto ku tiirsanaanta qaranka Itoobiya ee tamarta, hoos u dhigi doonta saliidda qaaliga ah ee la soo dhoofiyo ee naaftada laga dhaliyo koronto, oo ay hoos u dhigto GDP iyo deynta hoose. Shirkadda Djibouti ee Maalgelinta Salt (SIS) ayaa bilawday hawlgal ballaadhan oo ay ku warshadaynayso milixda badan ee gobolka Harada Casal ee Djibouti. Mashruucan oo lagu shaqaynayo 4 milyan oo tan sanadkiiba, ayaa mashruucan nadiifinta ah waxa uu kor u qaaday dakhligii dhoofinta, waxa uu abuuray fursado shaqo oo badan, waxa kale oo uu dadka deegaanka u keenay biyo macaan. Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Djibouti waxay sidoo kale qoratay adeegyada shirkadda China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd ee dhismaha terminalka macdanta. qiimihiisu dhan yahay $64 milyan, mashruucani waxa uu u sahashay Djibouti in ay 5,000 oo tan oo milix ah u dhoofiso sannadkii suuqyo ku yaala Koonfur Bari Aasiya [[File:Djibouti GDP 1985 to 2015.png|thumb|Wax-soo-saarka guud ee Djibouti waxa uu kordhay celcelis ahaan in ka badan 6 boqolkiiba sannadkii, laga bilaabo US$341 milyan sannadkii 1985 ilaa US$1.5 bilyan sannadkii 2015]] Wax-soo-saarka guud ee Djibouti waxa uu kordhay celcelis ahaan in ka badan 6 boqolkiiba sannadkii, laga bilaabo US$341 milyan sannadkii 1985 ilaa US$1.5 bilyan sannadkii 2015. Faran Jabuuti waa lacagta Djibouti. Waxa soo saara Baanka dhexe ee Jabuuti oo ah maamulka lacagta dalka . Maadaama faranka Jabuuti lagu qiimeeyay dollarka Maraykanka, guud ahaan wuu xasiloon yahay, sicir-bararkana dhib ma laha. Taasi waxay ka qayb qaadatay xiisaha loo qabo maalgashiga dalka oo sii kordhaya. Laga bilaabo 2010 , 10 bangi oo caadi ah iyo kuwo Islaami ah ayaa ka hawlgala Jabuuti. Badi waxay yimaadeen dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, oo ay ku jiraan xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee Dahabshiil iyo BDCD, oo hoos timaada Maalgelinta Maaliyadda Swiss. Nidaamka bangiyada waxaa hore u maamulay laba hay'adood: Bangiga Indo-Suez iyo Bangiga Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha (BCIMR). Si loo xaqiijiyo qaybta amaahda iyo dhigaalka adag, dawladdu waxay u baahan tahay bangiyada ganacsiga inay ilaaliyaan 30% saamiyada hay'adda maaliyadeed; Ugu yaraan 300 milyan oo faran Jabuutiyaan ah oo ku jira raasamaalka hore waa qasab bangiyada caalamiga ah . Amaah-siinta sidoo kale waxaa lagu dhiirigeliyay abuurista sanduuq dammaanad ah, kaas oo u oggolaanaya bangiyada inay soo saaraan deyn ganacsiyada yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee u qalma iyada oo aan marka hore u baahnayn deebaaji badan ama dammaanad kale. Maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa in ay sahminayaan suurtagalnimada in ay isku xiraan Geeska Afrika iyo Jasiiradda Carabta iyaga oo sii maraya buundada dibadda ah ee dhex marta Jabuuti oo dhererkeedu yahay 28.5km (17.7 mi) , loona yaqaan Buundada Geeska . Maalgeliyaha Tarek bin Laden ayaa lala xiriiriyay mashruuca. Bishii Juun 2010, Wajiga I ee mashruuca dib baa loo dhigay. ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:The Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport.png|thumb|Terminalka Weyn ee Jabuuti–Ambouli International Airport]] Gegida dayuuradaha ee Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport ee magaalada Djibouti , oo ah madaarka kaliya ee caalamiga ah ee wadanku leeyahay, waxa uu u adeegaa marino badan oo qaaradaha isaga kala goosha oo leh duulimaadyo qorshaysan iyo kuwo kiro ah. Diyaaradda Air Jabuuti ayaa ah midda qaada calanka dalka Jabuuti, waana diyaaradda ugu weyn ee laga leeyahay dalka Jabuuti. Jidka tareenka ee Addis Ababa-Jabuuti ayaa shaqo bilaabay bishii January ee sanadkan 2018. Ujeedada ugu wayn ayaa ah in la fududeeyo adeega xamuulka ee isaga kala gooshi jiray dhulka Itoobiya iyo dekeda Dooraale ee dalka Jabuuti . Doomaha Baabuurtu waxay ka soo maraan Gacanka Tadjoura iyagoo ka soo raacaya Magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Tadjoura . Waxaa jirta Dekedda Dooraale oo dhanka galbeed ka xigta magaalada Jabuuti, taasoo ah dekedda ugu weyn Jabuuti. Dekadda Dooraale waa marinka cusub ee Jidka Tareenka ee Addis-Ababa iyo Jabuuti. Marka laga soo tago Dekedda Dooraale oo laga soo dejiyo shixnadaha guud iyo shidaalka, Jabuuti (2018) waxay leedahay saddex dekedood oo kale oo waaweyn oo laga soo dejiyo lagana dhoofiyo badeecadaha iyo xoolaha nool, Dekedda Tadjourah (potash), Dekedda Damerjoog (xoolo) iyo Dekedda Goubet (milix). Ku dhawaad ​​95% badeecadaha ay Itoobiya kala soo degto ama ka dhoofsato waxay maraan dekedaha Jabuuti. Habka dariiqa weyn ee Jabuuti waxaa loo magacaabay si waafaqsan kala soocidda waddada. Waddooyinka loo aqoonsan yahay waddooyinka aasaasiga ah waa kuwa daamurkoodu dhan yahay (dhererkooda oo dhan) iyo guud ahaan isu socodka magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Jabuuti. Jabuuti waxa ay ka mid tahay Waddada Xariirta Badda ee Qarnigii 21-aad oo ka bilaabma Xeebta Shiinaha ilaa Gobolka Sare ee Adriatic oo isku xidha badhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub. ===Warbaahinta iyo isgaarsiinta=== [[File:Djibtelcom2.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Jabuuti Telecom ee magaalada Jabuuti]] Isgaarsiinta Jabuuti waxay hoos timaadaa Wasaaradda Isgaarsiinta.  Jabuuti Telecom waa bixisa adeega isgaadhsiinta kaliya. Waxay inta badan adeegsataa shabakada gudbinta raadiyaha microwave. Fiilada fiber optic-ga ayaa lagu rakibay caasimadda, halka miyiga ay ku xiran yihiin nidaamyada raadiyaha maxalliga ah ee loop wireless. Daboolista mobilada ayaa ugu horayn ku xaddidan aagga gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Jabuuti. Laga soo bilaabo 2015 , 23,000 oo khadadka telefoonada ah iyo 312,000 khadadka mobilada/mobileka ayaa la isticmaalayey. SEA -ME-WE 3 fiilada hoosteeda waxay ka shaqeysaa Jeddah , Suez , Sicily, Marseille , Colombo , Singapore iyo wixii ka baxsan. Saldhigyada dhulka ee dayax-gacmeedka ee taleefoonada waxaa ka mid ah 1 Intelsat (Badweynta Hindiya) iyo 1 Arabsat . Medarabtel waa shabakadda taleefanka wareejinta raadiyaha microwave-ka ee gobolka. Raadiyo Televisionka Jabuuti waa warbaahin qaran oo ay dowladdu leedahay. Waxa ay maamushaa TV-ga kaliya ee dhulka, iyo sidoo kale labada shabakadood ee raadiyaha gudaha ee AM 1, FM 2, iyo shortwave 0. Shatiyeynta iyo ka shaqaynta warbaahinta waxaa nidaamiya dawladda. Tiyaatarada filimada waxaa ka mid ah Shineemada Odeon ee caasimadda. Laga soo bilaabo 2012 , waxa jiray 215 adeeg bixiye internet oo maxalli ah. Isticmaalayaasha internetku waxay ka koobnaayeen 99,000 oo qof (2015). Dalka intarneedku heerka sare waa .dj . Wargeysyada daabacaadda ee ugu waaweyn waxaa iska leh dowladda: wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee afka Faransiiska ku hadla ee La Nation , wargeyska toddobaadlaha ah ee Jabuuti Boostada , iyo toddobaadlaha Carabiga Al-Qarn . Waxa kale oo jirta wakaaladda wararka dawladda , Agence Djiboutienne d'Information. Mareegaha wararka ee aan dawliga ahayn waxay saldhigoodu yihiin dibadda; tusaale ahaan, La Voix de Jabuuti  waxay ka hawlgashaa Belgium. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Photo of Gulf Of Tadjoura.png|thumb|Carta Plage oo ku taal Gacanka Tadjoura]] Dalxiiska dalka Jabuuti ayaa ka mid ah dhinacyada kobaca dhaqaalaha dalka, waana warshad ay soo galaan wax ka yar 80,000 oo qof sanadkii, kuwaasoo u badan qoyska iyo asxaabta askarta ku sugan saldhigyada waaweyn ee ciidamada badda ee dalkaasi. Inkasta oo tirooyinka ay sii kordhayaan, waxaa jira wadahadalo ku saabsan fiisaha imaatinka ee la joojiyo, taas oo xaddidi karta koritaanka dalxiiska. Kaabayaasha dhaqaale waxay ku adkeynayaan dalxiisayaasha inay si madax-bannaan u safraan, kharashyada dalxiisyada gaarka ahna waa sarreeyaa. Tan iyo markii dib loo furay khadka tareenka ee Addis Ababa ilaa Jabuuti Janaayo 2018, safarka dhulka ayaa sidoo kale dib loo bilaabay. Labada mucjis ee juqraafiyeed ee ugu waaweyn Djibouti waa harada Abbe iyo harada Assal, waa meelaha ugu badan ee loo dalxiis tago. Labada goobood waxay soo jiitaan boqollaal dalxiisayaal ah sannad kasta iyagoo raadinaya meelo fogfog oo aan dad badani booqan. ===Tamarta=== Jabuuti waxa ku rakiban koronto ka dhalinaysa 126 MW shidaalka shidaalka iyo naaftada. [ 208 ] Sannadkii 2002 wax soo saarka korantada ayaa lagu dhejiyay 232 GWh, iyadoo la isticmaalayo 216 GWh. Sannadka 2015, isticmaalka koronto ee qofkiiba waa qiyaastii 330 kilowatt-saacadood (kWh); Intaa waxaa dheer, qiyaastii 45% dadku ma helaan koronto, [ 208 ] iyo heerka baahida aan la daboolin ee waaxda korontada ee dalka ayaa ah mid muhiim ah. Korodhka tamarta biyaha laga keeno ee Itoobiya , taasoo buuxinaysa 65% baahida Djibouti, waxay door weyn ka qaadan doontaa kor u qaadista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee dalka. [ 208 ] Awoodda geothermal waxay abuurtay xiiso gaar ah Japan, oo leh 13 goobood oo suurtagal ah; waxay mar hore ka bilaabeen dhismaha hal goob oo u dhow harada Assal. Dhismaha xarunta korantada ee sawirka Voltaic (beeraha qorraxda) ee Grand Bara waxay dhalin doontaa 50 MW. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== [[File:An Afar nomad.jpg|thumb|Nin Canfar ah oo dharka reer guuraaga ah]] qowmiyadood ee ugu badan ee u dhashay Jabuuti waa Soomaalida (60%) iyo Canfarta (35%). [ Qaybta qabiilka Soomaalidu waxa ay badi ka kooban tahay Ciise (oo ka kooban 33%), waxa ku xiga Gadabuursi (15–20%) iyo Isaaq (13.3-20%). 5% ka hadhay dadka reer Djibouti waxay ka kooban yihiin Yemeniyiin Carab ah , Xabashida iyo Yurubiyaanka ( Faransiiska iyo Talyaaniga ). Ku dhawaad ​​76% dadka deegaanka waa reer magaal; inta soo hartay waa xoolo dhaqato . Jabuuti waxa kale oo ay martigelisaa tiro dad ah oo soo galooti ah iyo qaxooti ka yimid dawladaha jaarka ah, iyadoo magaalada Djibouti lagu naanayso "Faransiiska Hong Kong ee Badda Cas" taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay magaalo-madaxeedka guud. Jabuuti waxay ku taal xeebta bari ee Afrika waxay ka dhigtay xudunta socdaalka gobolka , iyada oo Soomaali, Yemeni iyo Itoobiyaan ay u socdaalayaan waddanka iyagoo u sii socda Khaliijka iyo waqooyiga Afrika . Dalka Jabuuti ayaa waxaa kusoo qulqulaya tahriibayaal badan oo ka imaanaya dalka Yemen ===Luuqadaha=== Jabuuti waa wadan ku hadla luqado badan . Inta badan dadka deegaanka waxay ku hadlaan af-soomaali (60%) iyo Canfarta (35%) sida luqadaha koowaad. Waa afafka hooyo ee qowmiyadaha Soomaalida iyo canfarta, siday u kala horreeyaan. Labada luqadoodba waxay ka tirsan yihiin qoyska weyn ee Kushitigga Afroasiatic . Af-Soomaaliga Waqooyi waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka iyo dalka deriska la ah ee Somaliland, marka la barbardhigo Soomaalida Banaadiriga oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Soomaaliya. Jabuuti waxaa ka jira laba luqadood oo rasmi ah: Carabi iyo Faransiis . Carabigu waa diin muhiimad. Goobaha rasmiga ah, waxay ka kooban tahay Carabiga Heerka Casriga ah . Sida la wada ogsoon yahay, ilaa 59,000 oo dadka deegaanka ahi waxay ku hadlaan lahjada Carabiga ee Ta'izzi-Adeni , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Carabi Jabuuti . Faransiisku wuxuu u adeegaa sidii luqad qaran oo sharci ah. Waxa laga dhaxlay gumaysigii, waana afka koowaad ee wax lagu barto. Ku dhawaad ​​17,000 oo reer Jabuuti ah ayaa ugu hadla luqadda koowaad. Luqadaha soogalootiga waxaa ka mid ah Cumaan Carabi (38,900 ku hadla), Amxaari (1,400 ku hadla), iyo Giriig (1,000 ku hadla). ===Diinta=== Dadka reer Djibouti waxay u badan yihiin Muslimiin . Islaamka waxaa lagu arkay ku dhawaad ​​98% dadweynaha dalka (qiyaastii 891,000 ilaa 2022 ). Laga bilaabo 2012 , 94% dadku waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin halka 6% soo hadhay ay yihiin Masiixiyiin raacsan. Islaamku wuxuu gobolka soo galay xilli hore, iyadoo koox muslimiin ah oo la dhibaateeyay ay magangelyo u soo galeen badda cas ee Geeska Afrika, taasoo uu ku booriyay nebi Muxamed . Sannadkii 1900-kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku sugnaa dhulkaas, iyadoo 100-300 oo qof oo kaliya ay ka yimaadeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee faransiiska Somaliland . Dastuurka Djibouti waxa uu Islaamka u magacaabay diinta kaliya ee dawliga ah , waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa sinnaanta muwaadiniinta diimaha oo dhan (qodobka 1) iyo xoriyada ku dhaqanka diinta (Qodobka 11). Muslimiinta deegaanka intooda badan waxay u hoggaansamaan mad-habta Sunniga , iyagoo raacaya mad-hab Shaafici . Muslimiinta aan mabda'a ahayn waxay inta badan ka tirsan yihiin amarrada suufiyada ee dugsiyo kala duwan. Marka loo eego Warbixinta Xorriyadda Diimaha Caalamiga ah ee 2008, halka Muslimiinta Jabuutiyaanku ay xaq u leeyihiin inay u beddelaan ama guursadaan qof caqiido kale ah, kuwa beddelaya waxay la kulmi karaan falcelin xun oo ka yimaada qoyskooda iyo qabiilkooda ama bulshada guud ahaan, waxayna inta badan la kulmaan cadaadis ah inay ku noqdaan Islaamka. Diocese -ka Djibouti waxa ay u adeegtaa dad yar oo maxalli ah oo Catholic ah , kuwaas oo ay ku qiyaaseen ilaa 7,000 oo qof sanadkii 2006. ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Institut Supérieur des Sciences et de la Santé (ISSS)'s Faculty of Medicine in Djibouti City, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka kuliyada caafimaadka ee ISSS ee magaalada Jabuuti]] Rajada nolosha ee dhalashada waxay ku dhowdahay 64.7 lab iyo dheddig labadaba. Dhalintu waa 2.35 carruur ah haweeneydiiba. Jabuuti waxa jooga ilaa 18 dhakhtar 100,000kii qofba. Heerka dhimashada hooyada 2010 ee 100,000 ee dhallaanka Jabuuti waa 300. Tan marka la barbar dhigo 461.6 2008 iyo 606.5 ee 1990. Heerka dhimashada 5 ka yar 1,000 dhalladu waa 95 iyo dhimashada dhallaanka waa 5% dhimashada Djibouti boqolkiiba 5. 1,000kiiba dhalmada nool waa 6 iyo khatarta nolosha ee dhimashada haweenka uurka leh 1 ka mid ah 93. Qiyaastii 93.1% dumarka iyo gabdhaha reer Djibouti ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah (FGM, oo mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan 'gudniinka dumarka'), caado guurka ka hor inta badan ku dhacda Waqooyi Bari Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Inkasta oo si sharci ah loo mamnuucay 1994, nidaamka ayaa weli si ballaaran loogu dhaqmaa, maadaama uu si qoto dheer ugu dhex jiro dhaqanka maxalliga ah. Dhiirigelinta iyo fulinta haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, Gudniinka Fircooniga ah waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in lagu joojiyo sinada iyo in laga ilaaliyo weerarka. Ilaa 94% dadka reer Djibouti ee ragga ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramayaa in lagu sameeyay gudniinka ragga , taas oo waafaqsan diinta Islaamka; Mad -habka Shaaficiga ee Islaamka , oo ah mad-habka ugu weyn Geeska Afrika, wuxuu u baahan yahay gudniinka ragga iyo dumarka. ===Waxbarashada=== Waxbarashadu waa mudnaanta dawladda Jabuuti. Laga bilaabo 2009 , waxay u qoondaysaa 20.5% miisaaniyadeeda sanadlaha ah waxbarida iskoolka. [[File:Djibwomglopul.jpeg|thumb|Haweenka reer Jabuuti ee ka qayb qaadanaya barnaamijka Global Pulse Education initiative (2010)]] Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Jabuuti ayaa markii hore loo dejiyay in lagu fuliyo saldhig arday oo xaddidan. Sidan oo kale, qaab dhismeedka dugsiyeedku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u xeel dheer oo laga soo qaatay jaantuskii gumaystaha Faransiiska, kaas oo aan ku habboonayn duruufaha iyo baahiyaha maxalliga ah. Dabayaaqadii sagaashameeyadii, masuuliyiinta Jabuuti waxa ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen istiraatijiyadda waxbarashada qaranka waxa ayna daah-fureen hannaan wada-tashi sal ballaadhan oo ay ku lug lahaayeen masuuliyiinta maamulka, macalimiinta, waalidiinta, xubnaha golayaasha qaranka iyo ururada aan dawliga ahayn. Hindisuhu waxa uu tilmaamay meelaha u baahan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho waxana uu soo saaray talooyin la taaban karo oo ku saabsan sidii loo horumarin lahaa. Dawladdu waxay intaa dabadeed diyaarisay qorshe dib-u-habayn oo dhammaystiran oo looga dan lahaa in lagu casriyeeyo qaybta waxbarashada muddadii 2000-10. Bishii Agoosto 2000, waxay ansixisay Sharciga Qorshaynta Waxbarashada ee rasmiga ah waxayna diyaarisay qorshe horumarineed oo dhexdhexaad ah shanta sano ee soo socota. Nidaamka tacliinta aasaasiga ah si weyn ayaa loo habeeyey oo laga dhigay mid khasab ah; hadda waxa uu ka kooban yahay shan sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo afar sano oo dugsi dhexe ah. Dugsiyada sare waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin Shahaadada Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah si loo galo. Sidoo kale, sharcigan cusub waxa uu soo bandhigay barasho heer sare ah oo dhanka farsamada gacanta ah, waxaana dalka laga hirgeliyay xarumo jaamacadeed. Natiijadu waxay tahay Xeerka Qorshaynta Waxbarashada iyo istiraatijiyadda waxqabadka muddada-dhexe, horumar la taaban karo ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay dhammaan qaybaha waxbarashada. Gaar ahaan, is-diiwaangelinta dugsiga, imaanshaha, iyo heerka haynta ayaa dhammaantood si joogto ah u kordhay, iyada oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho heer gobol ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2005 ilaa 2007–08, diiwangelinta saafiga ah ee hablaha ee dugsiga hoose waxay sare u kacday 18.6%; wiilasha, waxay kordheen 8.0%. Isdiiwaangelinta saafiga ah ee dugsiga dhexe isla muddadaas ayaa kor u kacday 72.4% gabdhaha iyo 52.2% wiilasha. Heerka sare, heerka korodhka isdiiwaangelinta saafiga ah wuxuu ahaa 49.8% gabdhaha iyo 56.1% wiilasha. Dawladda Jabuuti waxay si gaar ah diiradda u saartay horumarinta iyo horumarinta kaabayaasha hay’adaha iyo agabka waxbarashada, oo ay ku jiraan dhisidda fasallo cusub iyo keenista buugaagta waxbarashada. Heerka dugsiga sare ka dib, waxaa sidoo kale xoogga la saaray soo saarista macalimiin aqoon leh iyo dhiirigelinta da'yarta ka baxsan dugsiga inay sii wataan tababar xirfadeed. Laga bilaabo 2012 , heerka wax-akhris ee Djibouti waxa lagu qiyaasay 70%. Machadyada tacliinta sare ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah jaamacadda Jabuuti . ==Dhaqanka== [[File:Wood jar from Oue`a, Tadjoura, Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Dhalada alwaax-dhaqameed ee laga soo xardhay Oue'a ee gobolka Tadjourah]]Labbiska Jabuuti ayaa ka tarjumaya cimilada kulul iyo qalalan ee gobolka. Marka aan labisan dharka reer galbeedka sida jiinis iyo funaanado, nimanku caadi ahaan waxay xirtaan macawiis , taas oo ah dharka dhaqanka ee sarong -sida oo lagu xidho dhexda. Dad badan oo reer guuraa ah waxay xidhaan maro cad oo dabacsan oo suuf ah oo la yiraahdo tobe oo hoos ugu dhaadhacaya jilibka, iyadoo dhamaadka lagu tuuray garabka (sida toga Roomaanka ). Dumarku waxay sida caadiga ah xidhaan diraac , kaas oo ah dhar dheer, iftiin, dhar voile ah oo diafanous ah oo ka samaysan suuf ama polyester kaas oo la gashado dharbaaxo dhererkiisu dhan yahay iyo rajabeeto. Dumarka la qabo waxay jecel yihiin inay ku ciyaaraan maro-xijaab oo loo yaqaan shaash waxayna inta badan ku daboolaan jirkooda sare shawl loo yaqaan garbasaar . Dumarka aan guursan ama da'da yar had iyo jeer ma daboolaan madaxa. Dharka carbeed ee dhaqameed sida jellabiya ( jellabiyaad af Soomaaliga) iyo jilibka dheddigga ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo xidhaa. Mararka qaarkood sida xafladaha, haweenku waxay isku qurxin karaan dahabka gaarka ah iyo dharka madaxa oo la mid ah kuwa ay xidhaan qabiilooyinka Berber ee Magrib . In badan oo ka mid ah fannaankii asalka ahaa ee Djibouti ayaa lagu gudbiyaa oo lagu xafidaa afka, gaar ahaan heesaha. Tusaalayaal badan oo Islaami ah, Cusmaaniyiin, iyo Faransiis ayaa sidoo kale lagu xusi karaa dhismayaasha maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo ka kooban balastar, motifs si taxadar leh loo dhisay , iyo sawir-gacmeed . ===Muusiga=== [[File:Oud - MIM PHX.jpg|thumb|Cuudku waa aaladda caadiga ah ee muusiga dhaqanka ee Djibouti .]] Soomaalidu waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Taasi waa, kaliya waxay isticmaalaan shan garoon octave kasta marka loo eego miisaanka heptotonic (toddobo note) sida miisaanka weyn . Marka hore dhageyso, muusiga Soomaalida waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta , laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codka"). Balwo waa qaab faneedka Soomaalida oo ku qotoma mowduucyo jacayl oo caan ka ah Jabuuti.  Muusiga dhaqanka Canfarta waxa uu u eg yahay muusiga caanka ah ee qaybaha kale ee Geeska Afrika sida Itoobiya ; waxa kale oo ku jira qaybo ka mid ah muusiga carabiga . Taariikhda Jabuuti waxa ay ku qoran tahay gabayada iyo heesaha ay leeyihiin dadkeeda reer guuraaga ah, waxaanay soo taxnayd kumannaan sanadood oo ay dadka reer Djibouti hargaha iyo hargaha ka iibsan jireen udugga iyo xawaashka hore ee Masar , Hindiya iyo Shiinaha. Suugaanta afka Canfarta sidoo kale waa mid muusiko ah. Waxay ku timaadaa noocyo badan, oo ay ku jiraan heesaha aroosyada, dagaal, ammaan iyo faan.  ===Suugaanta=== Jabuuti waxay leedahay dhaqan soo jireen ah oo gabayga ah. Dhowr nooc oo af-soomaali ah oo si wanaagsan u horumaray ayaa waxaa ka mid ah gabay , jiifto , geeraar , wiglo , 'buraanbur , beercade , afarey iyo guuraw . Gabayga (gabayga hal-abuurka ah) waxa uu leeyahay dhererka iyo mitirka ugu kakan, oo inta badan ka badan 100 sadar . Waxa lagu tiriyaa sumadda hanashada maansada marka uu abwaanka da’da yar awoodo in uu tiriyo tuducyadan oo kale, waxaana loo arkaa dhererka gabayga. Kooxo xafidayaal iyo akhriyayaal ah ( xafidayaal ) ayaa dhaqan ahaan faafiyay qaabka fanka ee si wanaagsan u horumaray. Gabayadu waxay ku wareegsan yihiin dhowr mawduuc oo waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan baroorodiiq (elegy), amaan (amaan), jacayl (jacayl), guhaadin (diatribe), digasho (gloating) iyo guubaabo (guudance). Baroordiiq waxa loo curiyey in lagu xuso geeridii abwaan ama halyey caan ahaa. Cafartu waxay yaqaaniin ginili , oo ah nooc ka mid ah dagaalyahannada- gabayaaga iyo faaliyeyaasha, waxayna leeyihiin caado af ah oo qani ah oo sheeko xariireed. Waxay kaloo leeyihiin riwaayado badan oo heeso dagaal ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, Jabuuti waxay leedahay dhaqan soo jireen ah oo suugaanta Islaamka ah. Shaqooyinka taariikhiga ah ee ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Futuh Al-Habash ee dhexe ee Shihāb al-Dīn, kaas oo ka warramaya qabsashadii Adal Sultanate ee Abyssinia qarnigii 16aad. Sannadihii u dambeeyay, tiro siyaasiyiin ah iyo aqoonyahanno ayaa iyaguna qalinka ku duugay xusuus-qoraal ama dib-u-eegis ku saabsan dalka [[File:El Hadj Hassan Gouled Aptidon Stadium.jpg|thumb|Garoonka El Hadj Hassan Gouled Aptidoon ee Magaalada Jabuuti]] Kubada cagta waa ciyaarta ugu caansan ee reer Jabuuti dhexdooda. Wadanku waxa uu xubin ka noqday FIFA 1994-tii, laakiin waxa uu ka qayb qaatay oo kaliya wareegii isreeb-reebka koobka qaramada Afrika iyo sidoo kale Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA bartamihii 2000-aadkii. Bishii Nofembar 2007, xulka kubbadda cagta Jabuuti ayaa 1-0 ku garaacay xulka qaranka Soomaaliya wareegii isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka ee 2010 , taasoo u dhiganta guushoodii ugu horreysay ee la xiriirta Koobka Adduunka. Dhowaan ayay ahayd markii ururka falaarta adduunku uu gacan ka gaystay hirgalinta xiriirka falaarta Jabuuti, waxaana Carta laga dhisayaa xarun caalami ah oo lagu tababaro falaarta si ay uga taageerto horumarinta falaarta ee bariga Afrika iyo dhulka badda cas ===Cunto=== [[File:Sambusadish.jpg|thumb|Saxan sambusas ah , cunto fudud oo dhaqameed caan ah]] Cunnada Jabuuti waa isku dhafka Soomaalida , Canfarta , Yemeni , iyo cunnada Faransiiska , oo leh qaar ka mid ah Koonfurta Aasiya (gaar ahaan Hindiya ) oo saameyn ku leh cunnada. Suxuunta maxaliga ah ayaa sida caadiga ah loo diyaariyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo xawaashyo badan oo Bariga Dhexe ah, oo u dhexeeya saffron ilaa qorfe . Kalluunka Yemen ee la dubay, oo kala badh la furay oo inta badan lagu kariyo foornooyinka nooca tandoori, ayaa ah cunto maxalli ah. Cuntooyinka basbaaska leh waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo badan, laga bilaabo Fah-fah- dhaqameedka ama " Soupe Djiboutienne " ( maraq hilib lo'aad oo basbaas leh), ilaa qoyan ( fuud khudrad isku qasan oo basbaas leh). Xalwo (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "halwo") ama halva waa macmacaanka caanka ah ee la cuno xilliyada ciidaha, sida damaashaadka ciida ama xafladaha aroosyada. Halva waxa laga sameeyaa sonkorta, istaarijka galleyda , budada karoomada , budada nutmeg iyo subagga . Lawska ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu daraa si kor loogu qaado dhadhanka iyo dhadhanka. Cuntada ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameed waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ( cuunsi ) ama fooxa ( lubaan ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa oo loo yaqaan dabqaad ===Gobolada Jabuuti=== Jabuuti waxaa loo qaybiyaa lix gobol oo maamul ah. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style="border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse" |- ! bgcolor=lightgrey | N° ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Gobol ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Magaalo Madax ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Bed ama baaxad ! bgcolor=lightgrey | Tirada dadka | bgcolor=white rowspan="7" | [[image:Gobolada Jabuuti khariidada.png|450 px]] |- | 1 | Gobolka Jabuuti | [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]] | 200 | 603,000 |- | 2 | Gobolka Cali Sabiix | [[Cali Sabiix]] | 2,400 | 93,207 |- | 3 | [[Gobolka Carta]] | [[Carta]] | 1,800 | 60,966 |- | 4 | Gobolka Dikhil | Dikhil | 7,200 | 99,569 |- | 5 | Gobolka Tajuura | Tajuura | 7,100 | 108,249 |- | 6 | Gobolka Obokh | Obokh | 4,700 | 45,648 |- |} [[File:Khariidadda Jabuuti.png|thumb|200px|Khariidadda Jabuuti]] ===Jasiiradaha=== * Moucha * Maskali * Abou Maya * Ile Warramous * Ounda Dabali * Kaḏḏa Dâbali * Guinni Kôma ===Xubin ka ah=== Jabuuti waxay xubin ka tahay ururadan hoos ku dhigan: * [[IGAD]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Comesa]] *[[Jaamacada Carabta]] (Unionka Mediterraneanka) *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Midowga Afrika]] ===Ciidanka Xooga=== Wadanka jabuuti wuxuu leeyahay ciidanka dhulka, ciidanka badda, iyo ciidanka cirka. Militariga jabuuti waxay gaarayaan, 16,763askari * 8,260 waa rag * 8,503 waa dumar ===Lacagta=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Lacagta Jabuuti]]'' Faranka Jabuuti ({{lang-fr|Djiboutian franc}}) waa [[lacag]]ta dowliga ah ee laga isticmaalo wadanka Jabuuti. Lambarka diiwaangelinta caalamiga ah waa [[ISO 4217]], waxaana summad u ah ''DJF''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713033224/http://www.infotech2003.com/catalogue/World/cata.asp?Country=Djibouti infotech (2003) catalogue World cata]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091015115427/http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise/countries/djibouti.html World Reserve Bank]</ref> [[File:1000 Djiboutian Francs in 2005 Obverse.jpg|thumb|left|140px|1000 Jabuuti frank (1977).]] Sanadkii 1884 waxaa la aasaasay maamulkii [[Xeebta Soomaaliyeed ee Faransiis]] wakhtigaas oo lagu istimaali jirey [[Lacag Faransiis]] iyo [[Lacag Hindi]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadkii 1948 ayaa Jabuuti loo sameeyay lacagta shilinka ah markii ugu horeeysay taasi oo loogu magac-daray "Côte Française des Somalis". Markii wadanka Jabuuti qaatey xoriyada 1977 ayaa dib uhabayn balaadhan lagu sameeyay lacagta wadanka.<ref>From 1884, when the [[French Somaliland]] protectorate was established, the [[French franc]] circulated alongside the [[Indian rupee]] and the [[Maria Theresa thaler]].</ref> ==Bulshada== === Shacabka === Dadka Jabuuti ku nool waxay ka kooban yihiin [[Soomaali]], [[Canfar]], xoogaa [[Yemen]]i ah iyo tiro yar oo dad kale ah. waxaa u badan SOMAALIDA 00 ka badan 67% shacabka Jabuuti oo dhan, dadka Cafariga waa 31%, dadka kale oo ka yimaaday wadamada SOMAALIYA Yurubiyaanka iyo carabta iyo wadanka itoobiya neh wee joogaan. ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Djibcapital.jpg|Magaalo madaxda Jabuuti </gallery> ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] *[[Soomaaliya]] *[[Somaliland]] *[[Itoobiya]] *[[Eratareya]] * [[Astaanta Calanka Jabuuti]] * [http://www.osmansoysal.com/resimlerim/album.html#5300801287542640993/1 Jabuuti Photo's] {{Wayback|url=http://www.osmansoysal.com/resimlerim/album.html#5300801287542640993/1 |date=20091202160120 }} ==Tixraac == [https://hal.science/hal-02155003/ "Fauna kalluunka qadiimiga ah ee Asa Koma (Jabuuti) iyo xogta casriga ah ee osteometric ee 3 Tilapiini iyo 2 Clarias catfish"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&dq=marco+polo+adal&pg=PA20 Qaamuuska Taariikhiga ah ee Itoobiya] [https://books.google.com/books?id=zpYBD3bzW1wC&pg=PA50 Xuduudka Itoobiya: Qormooyinka Taariikhda Gobolka laga soo bilaabo Waayihii hore ilaa Dhamaadkii Qarnigii 18aad - Google Books"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=zpYBD3bzW1wC&pg=PP1 Xuduudaha Itoobiya: Qormo ku jira Taariikhda Gobolka laga soo bilaabo Waayihii Hore ilaa Dhamaadkii Qarnigii 18aad] [https://books.google.com/books?id=qo1yAAAAMAAJ&q=mordechai%20abir%20ethiopia Itoobiya: Waagii Amiirrada: Caqabadda Islaamka iyo dib-u-midaynta Boqortooyada Masiixiyiinta, 1769-1855] [https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/10/djibouti-president-guelleh-wins-election-with-98-provisional-results/ "Madaxwaynaha Jabuuti Geelle ayaa ku guulaystay doorashadii 98%, natiijadii ku meel gaadhka ahayd] [https://www.eiu.com/n/democracy-index-2024/ "EIU's 2024 Dimuqraadiyadda Tusmada: isbeddelka hoos u dhaca dimoqraadiyadda caalamiga ah iyo xoojinta kalitalisnimada ayaa sii socota ilaa 2024"] [https://igad.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=304:joint-statement-of-international-observer-missions-of-the-djibouti-presidential-elections-held-on-april-08-2011&catid=61:statements&Itemid=150 "War-murtiyeed wadajir ah oo ay soo saareen goob-joogayaasha caalamiga ah ee doorashadii madaxtinimo ee Djibouti ee la qabtay Abriil 08, 2011"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay Oo Ka Hadlay Furitaanka Baarlamaanka Cusub Ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhi Ah"] [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b20f03523.html "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, "Jabuuti: Xaaladda iyo daawaynta Masiixiyiinta, oo ay ku jiraan dhacdooyinka takoorka ama rabshadaha; waxtarka dib u celinta ee la heli karo kiisaska si xun loola dhaqmo; dhibaatooyinka uu la kulmi karo qofka muslimka ah hadii uu qaato diinta kiristaanka ama uu guursado masiixi (2000–2009)”, 5 August 2009”] [http://citypopulation.de/Djibouti.html "Jabuuti: Gobollada, Magaalooyinka Waaweyn & Magaalooyinka - Tirakoobka Dadweynaha, Khariidadaha, Shaxda, Cimilada iyo Macluumaadka Shabkada"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=PFzdA2Hini4C&pg=PA41 Haweenka ku jira bulshooyinka Muslimiinta: kala duwanaanshaha midnimada dhexdooda] [https://books.google.com/books?id=pyWpKKlukLcC&pg=PA115 Madaxbanaanida Kadib: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dawladaha Gumaysiga Ka Dib iyo] [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17 Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/DJI "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2023/2024"]{{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Jabuuti}} {{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{commonscat|Djibouti|Jabuuti}} [[Category:Jabuuti| ]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] 34tnmizfm1sulyhrw5x3igusy50pze1 Koonfur Afrika 0 2109 312242 311924 2026-11-11T04:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika | common_name = Koonfur Afrika | native_name = {{small|{{name in various languages | name = {{nobold|''(bila luqadaha kale ee rasmiga ah)''}}<ref>{{Cite act |institution=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa |title=Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act |date=27 July 2023 |volume=697 |number=47665 |language=en, tn}}</ref> | af = {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}} | zu = {{lang|zu|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}} | ss = {{lang|ss|iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika}} | nso = {{lang|nso|Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa}} | st = {{lang|st|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}} | tn = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}} | ts = {{lang|ts|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga}} | sw = {{lang|sw|iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika}} | ve = {{lang|ve|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}} | nr = {{lang|nr|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}} }}}} | image_flag = Flag of South Africa.svg | alt_flag = | flag2_border = | image_coat = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg | coa_size = 75 | alt_coat = | symbol_type = Astaanta qaranka | national_motto = "{{lang|xam|ǃke e꞉ ǀxarra ǁke}}"&nbsp;([[Luqadda ǀXam|ǀXam]])<br />"[[Midnimo ka dhex jirta kala duwanaanshaha]]" | national_anthem = "[[Heesta Qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika|Heesta Qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika]]" <div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="centre">[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:South Africa (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|Muuji khariidadda Koonfur Afrika|default=1}} | map_caption = | image_map2 = | capital = [[Pretoria]] <small>(fulinta)</small>{{efn|Pretoria waxay u adeegtaa inay tahay caasimadda fulinta ee Koonfur Afrika, iyadoo martigelisa Dhismayaasha Midowga iyo xafiisyada Madaxweynaha iyo Golaha Wasiirada.<ref name="three capitals1"/>}}<ref name="glance">{{cite web|title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163527/https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|url-status=live }}</ref><hr />[[Cape Town]] <small>(xeer-dejinta)</small>{{efn|Cape Town waa caasimadda xeer-dejinta, oo hoy u ah Baarlamaanka Koonfur Afrika, oo ay ku jiraan Golaha Qaranka iyo Golaha Gobollada ee Qaranka.<ref name="three capitals1">{{cite web |title=South Africa's Three Capital Cities |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africas-three-capital-cities |website=gov.za |publisher=Government of South Africa |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>}}<ref name="glance" /><hr />[[Bloemfontein]] <small>(garsoorka)</small>{{efn|Bloemfontein waxay u adeegtaa inay tahay caasimadda garsoorka, iyadoo martigelisa Maxkamadda Sare ee Racfaanka, Maxkamadda ugu sarreysa ee arrimaha aan dastuuriga ahayn ee Koonfur Afrika.<ref name="three capitals1" />}}<ref name="glance" /> | largest_city = {{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World|publisher=City Population|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225073559/http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|url-status=live }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | population_density_km2 = 50.8 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 169aad | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 63,015,904<ref name="Census-2022" /> | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 62,027,503<ref name="Census-2022" /> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 23aad | population_census_year = [[Tirakoobka Koonfur Afrika ee 2022|2022]] | population_census_rank = 23aad | official_languages = '''[[Luqadaha Koonfur Afrika|12 luqadood]]'''<ref name="constitution.1.6">{{cite book|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|at=ch.&nbsp;1, s.&nbsp;6|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="parliament.gov.za"/>{{idp| * [[Afrikaans]] * [[Luqadda Ingiriisiga ee Koonfur Afrika|Ingiriis]] * [[Luqadda Ndebele ee Koonfurta|Ndebele]] * [[Luqadda Pedi|Sepedi]] * [[Luqadda Sotho|Sesotho]] * [[Luqadda Tswana|Setswana]] * [[Luqadda Dhaqdhaqaaqa Gacanta ee Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Luqadda Swazi|Swazi]] * [[Luqadda Venda|Tshivenda]] * [[Luqadda Xhosa|Xhosa]] * [[Luqadda Tsonga|Xitsonga]] * [[Luqadda Zulu|Zulu]] }} {{collapsible list | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:100%;<!--size of [show]/[hide] link--> | liststyle = text-align:left;white-space:nowrap; | title=Luqadaha leh maqaamka gaarka ah<ref name="constitution.1.6"/>|[[Luqadaha Khoe]]| [[Luqadda Khoekhoe|Nama]]|[[Luqadaha Khoisan]]|[[Luqadda Jarmalka|Jarmal]]|[[Luqadda Giriigga|Giriig]]|[[Luqadda Gujarati|Gujarati]]|[[Hindi]]|[[Luqadda Boortaqiiska|Boortaqiis]]|[[Luqadda Telugu|Telugu]]|[[Luqadda Tamil|Tamil]]|[[Urdu]]|[[Carabi]]|[[Luqadda Cibraaniga|Cibraani]]|[[Sanskrit]] }} | regional_languages = | languages2_type = | languages2 = | ethnic_groups_year = 2022<ref name="Mitchley">{{Cite web |last=Mitchley |first=Alex |title=SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011171333/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|81.4% [[Dadka Bantu ee Koonfur Afrika|Madow]]}} | 8.2% [[Coloureds|Midabka leh]] | 7.3% [[Dadka Caddaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika|Caddaan]] | 2.7% [[Dadka Hindiya ee Koonfur Afrika|Hindi]] ama [[Aasiya (Koonfur Afrika)|Aasiya]] | 0.4% kuwa kale }} | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |85.3% [[Masiixiyadda ka jirta Koonfur Afrika|Masiixiyad]] |7.8% [[Diimaha soo jireenka ah ee Afrika|Diimaha hiddaha ah]] |3.1% [[Diin la'aanta ka jirta Koonfur Afrika|Diin la'aan]] |1.6% [[Islaamka ka jira Koonfur Afrika|Islaam]] |1.1% [[Hinduiska ka jira Koonfur Afrika|Hinduunimo]] |1.1% kuwa kale}} | religion_year = 2022 | religion_ref = <ref name="Census-2022"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Dadka Koonfur Afrika|Reer Koonfur Afrika]]}} | government_type = Midaysan [[Jamhuuriyadaha baarlamaanka ee leh madaxtooyo fulineed|jamhuuriyad baarlamaan oo leh madaxtooyo fulineed]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Koonfur Afrika|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Koonfur Afrika|Madaxweyne ku-xigeen]] | leader_name2 = [[Paul Mashatile]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka]] | leader_name3 = [[Thoko Didiza]] | leader_title4 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Gobollada ee Qaranka]] | leader_name4 = [[Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane]] | leader_title5 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Koonfur Afrika|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Mandisa Maya]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Koonfur Afrika|Baarlamaan]] | upper_house = [[Golaha Gobollada ee Qaranka]] | lower_house = [[Golaha Qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika|Golaha Qaranka]] | sovereignty_type = Madaxbannaanida | sovereignty_note = {{nowrap|ka timid [[Boqortooyada Midowday ee Great Britain iyo Ireland|Boqortooyada Midowday]]}} | established_event1 = [[Midowga Koonfur Afrika|Midowga]] | established_date1 = 31 May 1910 | established_event2 = [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Xeerka Westminster]] | established_date2 = 11 December 1931 | established_event3 = [[Aftidii jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika ee 1960|Jamhuuriyad]] | established_date3 = 31 May 1961 | established_event4 = [[Dastuurka Koonfur Afrika|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date4 = 4 February 1997 | area_km2 = 1,221,037 | area_footnote = | area_rank = 24aad | area_sq_mi = 471,443 | percent_water = 0.380 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.071 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA">{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |title=World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=14 April 2026 |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 33aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $16,740<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 107aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $479.964 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 39aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $7,503<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 107aad | Gini = 63.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2023 | Gini_change = hoos u dhac | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite report|title=Human Development Report 2025: A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI|author=UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)|url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Statistical_Annex_I-HDI_Table.pdf |date=6 May 2025|publisher=UNDP|access-date=28 September 2025|archive-date=6 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006062920/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Statistical_Annex_I-HDI_Table.pdf}}</ref> | Gini_rank = <!-- 2nd --><!-- hid rank as source not clear --> | HDI = 0.741 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year.--> | HDI_change = kor u kac <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 106aad | currency = [[Rand-ka Koonfur Afrika]] | currency_code = ZAR | time_zone = [[Wakhtiga caadiga ah ee Koonfur Afrika|SAST]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | DST_note = | time_zone_DST = | antipodes = | date_format = Qaababka gaagaaban: * yyyy/mm/dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for en-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816213516/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * yyyy-mm-dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for af-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505092248/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Lambarrada taleefannada ee Koonfur Afrika|+27]] | iso3166code = ZA | cctld = [[.za]] | today = }} '''Koonfur Afrika''', si rasmi ahna loogu yeero '''Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika''' ('''RSA'''), waa dalka ku yaal meesha ugu [[Koonfurta Afrika|koonfureed]] ee [[Afrika]].{{efn|[[Cape Agulhas]] waa barta juqraafi ahaan ugu koonfureed ee qaaradda Afrika, taasoo calaamadinaysa darafka koonfureed ee Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika.<ref name="SANParks">{{cite web |title=Agulhas National Park |url=https://www.sanparks.org/parks/agulhas |website=sanparks.org |publisher=South African National Parks |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="Britannica127">{{cite web |title=Cape Agulhas |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cape-Agulhas |website=britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>}} [[Gobollada Koonfur Afrika|Sagaalkiisa gobol]] waxaa dhanka koonfureed ka xaddida {{convert|2798|km|mi|abbr=off}} oo [[xeeb]] ah oo fidsan dhererka [[Badweynta Atlaantigga|Koonfurta Atlaantigga]], iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=16 June 2008|archive-date=29 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|website=The World Factbook|title=Coastline|publisher=CIA|access-date=16 June 2008|archive-date=16 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=safacts>{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title=South Africa Fast Facts|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|date=April 2007|access-date=14 June 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|archive-date=19 July 2008}}</ref> dhanka waqooyi waxaa kaga dhow dalalka deriska la ah ee [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], iyo [[Zimbabwe]] dhanka bari iyo waqooyi-bari waxaa ka xiga [[Mozambique]], iyo [[Eswatini]], waxayna ku dhex dhowrtaa [[Lesotho]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;– Britannica Online Encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085933/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337131/Lesotho-Year-In-Review-1996 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=30 October 2011 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Iyadoo daboolaysa aag baaxad leh oo gaaraya {{convert|1221037|km2|mi2|abbr=off}}, dalku wuxuu leeyahay [[Dadka Koonfur Afrika|tiri dad ah]] oo ka badan 63 milyan oo qof, taasoo ka dhigaysa [[Liiska waddamada Afrika marka loo eego tirada dadka|dalka lixaad ee ugu dadka badan]] Afrika. [[Pretoria]] waa [[Caasimad|caasimadda maamulka]], halka [[Cape Town]], oo ah fadhiga [[Baarlamaanka Koonfur Afrika|Baarlamaanka]], ay tahay caasimadda xeer-dejinta, [[Bloemfontein]]-na waxaa loo tixgeliyaa caasimadda garsoorka.<ref name="Marais Twala 2020 pp. 49–62">{{cite journal | last1=Marais | first1=Lochner | last2=Twala | first2=Chitja | title=Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital | journal=African Geographical Review | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=40 | issue=1 | date=2020-05-07 | issn=1937-6812 | doi=10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901 | pages=49–62| s2cid=218929562 }}</ref> Magaalada ugu weyn uguna dadka badan waa [[Johannesburg]], waxaana ku xiga Cape Town iyo [[Durban]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The most expensive province to buy groceries in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/847172/the-most-expensive-province-to-buy-groceries-in-south-africa-2/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Cradle of Humankind|Helitaannada qadiimiga ah]] waxay muujinayaan in noocyo kala duwan oo [[hominid]] ah ay ka jireen Koonfur Afrika qiyaastii 2.5 milyan oo sano ka hor, iyo [[bini'aadamka casriga ah]] waxay deggenaayeen gobolka in ka badan 100,000 oo sano ka hor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first migrations out of Africa |url=https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/the-first-migrations-out-of-africa/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=The Australian Museum |language=en}}</ref> Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee la ogaaday waxay ahaayeen dadka u dhashay deegaanka ee [[Khoisan]], iyo [[Dadka Bantu ee Koonfur Afrika|dadka ku hadla luqadda Bantu]], kuwaas oo u soo guuray mowjado ahaan, iyagoo ka yimid galbeedka iyo bartamaha Afrika una soo guuray gobolka 2,000 ilaa 1,000 sano ka hor.<ref name="gunnink1">{{Cite journal |last=Gunnink |first=Hilde |last2=Sands |first2=Bonny |last3=Pakendorf |first3=Brigitte |date=2017 |title=Prehistoric Bantu-Khoisan language contact |url=https://www.academia.edu/32769639/Prehistoric_Bantu_Khoisan_language_contact_A_cross_disciplinary_approach |journal=Language Dynamics and Change |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.1163/22105832-00701002 |issn=2210-5824|hdl=1854/LU-8519242 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Dhanka waqooyi, [[Boqortooyada Mapungubwe]] waxay dhalatay qarnigii 13aad, iyo [[Boqortooyada Venda]] qarnigii 17aad. Sannadkii 1652, [[Dadka Dutch-ka ah|Dutch-ka]] waxay ka samaysteen degitaankii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub [[Table Bay]], [[Gumeysigii Cape ee Dutch-ka]]. [[Duulaankii Gumeysiga Cape|Duulaankeedii 1795-kii]], iyo [[Dagaalkii Blaauwberg]] ee 1806-dii waxay keeneen qabsashadii Ingiriiska. [[Mfecane]], xilli ay jireen rabshado waaweyn, waxay keentay sameynta boqortooyooyin Afrikaan ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto [[Boqortooyada Zulu]]. Gobolka wuxuu sii maray gumeysi dheeraad ah, iyo [[Kacaankii Macdanta]] wuxuu arkay isbeddel ku aaddan warshadaynta iyo magaaloowga. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer]], [[Midowga Koonfur Afrika]] waxaa [[Xeerka Koonfur Afrika ee 1909|la abuuray 1910]] ka dib markii la isu geeyay gumeysiyadii [[Gumeysigii Cape|Cape]], [[Gumeysigii Natal|Natal]], [[Gumeysigii Transvaal|Transvaal]], iyo [[Gumeysigii Orange River|Orange River]], isagoo noqday [[jamhuuriyad]] ka dib [[Aftidii jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika ee 1960|aftidii 1961]]. Xuquuqda codbixinta ee jinsiyadaha kala duwan ee [[Cape Qualified Franchise]] ee Cape si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo baabbi'iyay, inta badanna [[Afrkaanka Madow ee Koonfur Afrika]] lama siin [[Xuquuqda codbixinta|xuquuq codbixineed]] ilaa 1994.<ref name="gunnink1"/> [[Xisbiga Qaranka (Koonfur Afrika)|Xisbiga Qaranka]] wuxuu soo rogay [[midab-kala-soocidda]] (apartheid) sannadkii 1948, isagoo sharciyeeyay [[kala-soociddii jinsiyadeed]] ee hore u jirtay. Ka dib [[Khafifinta gudaha ee ka dhanka ah apartheid|haddaba halgankii]] ay galeen [[Golaha Qaranka Afrika]] (ANC) iyo u-dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha kale ee [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Anti-Apartheid|ka dhanka ah apartheid]], ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, baabbi'inta sharciyada midab-kala-sooca waxay bilaabatay badhtamihii 1980-aadkii. [[Xuquuqda codbixinta ee caalamiga ah|Doorashooyin]] [[Doorashadii guud ee Koonfur Afrika ee 1994|caalami ah ayaa dhacay 1994]], ka dib markii dhammaan kooxaha jinsiyadaha ay heleen matalaad siyaasadeed ee dalka dhexdiisa oo ku dhisan [[dimuqraadiyad xor ah]], taas oo ka kooban jamhuuriyad baarlamaan iyo sagaal gobol. Waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay [[quwad dhexe]] ee arrimaha caalamiga ah, Koonfur Afrika waxay leedahay [[Quwadda gobolka|saameyn gobol oo weyn]] waana xubin ka tirsan [[BRICS+]], [[Midowga Afrika]] (oo martigeliya fadhiga [[Baarlamaanka Pan-African]]), [[Bulshada Horumarinta Koonfurta Afrika|SADC]], [[Midowga Kastamka Koonfurta Afrika|SACU]], [[Barwaaqo-sooranka]], iyo [[G20]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Andrew F|last2=Antkiewicz|first2=Agata|last3=Shaw|first3=Timothy M|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-studies-review_winter-2007_9_4/page/675|journal=[[International Studies Review]]|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|issn = 1468-2486 }}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|first=David A.|last=Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173913/http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayadoo ah dal [[Dalalka soo koraya|soo koraya]], ahna [[Dalalka dhowaan warshadeeyay|dal dhowaan warshadeeyay]], waxay leedahay [[Liiska waddamada Afrika marka loo eego GDP (nominal)|dhaqaalaha ugu weyn Afrika marka loo eego GDP-ga nominal]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|title=South Africa|publisher=World Bank|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101050034/http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|first=David|last=Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|access-date=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173925/http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|url-status=live}}</ref> waxayna la mid tahay [[Itoobiya]] marka loo eego tirada goobaha [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Caalamiga ah ee Afrika|UNESCO Goobaha Dhaxalka Caalamiga ah]] ee ku yaal [[Afrika]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=region | title=World Heritage List | website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref> waana meel caan ku ah [[kala-duwanaanshaha noolaha]] leh [[biomes]] gaar ah, dhir, iyo nolosha xayawaanka. Koonfur Afrika waxay ka kooban tahay [[Dhaqanka Koonfur Afrika|dhaqammo kala duwan]], [[Luqadaha Koonfur Afrika|luqado]], iyo [[Diinta ka jirta Koonfur Afrika|diimo]], waxaana loogu yeeraa "[[qaranka qaanso-roobaadka]]" (rainbow nation), gaar ahaan wixii ka dambeeyay xilligii apartheid, si loo sifeeyo kala duwanaanshaheeda.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|title=Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?|access-date=10 August 2013|work=BBC News|date=18 July 2008|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908141212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|url-status=live }}</ref> Tan iyo markii uu dhammaaday xukunkii apartheid, isla-xisaabtanka dowladda iyo [[tayada nolosha]] ayaa si weyn ugu soo hagaagay muwaadiniinta aan caddaanka ahayn.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Evan|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|title=Until We Have Won Our Liberty|date=2022|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20300-3|language=en|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200625/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|url-status=live}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Dambiyada ka jira Koonfur Afrika|dambiyada]], rabshadaha, [[Saboolnimada ka jirta Koonfur Afrika|saboolnimada]], iyo [[Kala-sarreynta ka jirta Koonfur Afrika ka dib apartheid|kala-sarreynta]] waxay weli yihiin kuwo baahsan, iyadoo ku dhowaad 32% dadka ay yihiin kuwo aan shaqo lahayn {{as of|2024|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|title=Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172607/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2024 |title=Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024 |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/statistics-south-africa-official-unemployment-rate-third-quarter-2024-12-nov |website=South African Government |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref> halka ilaa 56% ay ku noolaayeen meel ka hooseysa khadka [[saboolnimada]] sannadkii 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731094656/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="worldbank-poverty">{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|title="World Bank": South Africa|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Maadaama ay leedahay [[Gini coefficient|koofishanka Gini]] ee ugu sarreeya oo ah 0.67, Koonfur Afrika waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu sinnaan la'aanta badan xagga dhaqaalaha aduunka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=World Bank Open Data |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=David |last2=Webster |first2=Edward |date=2019-11-02 |title=Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703 |journal=Development Southern Africa |language=en |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=788–802 |doi=10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703 |issn=0376-835X |access-date=4 April 2024 |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Asalka magaca== {{See also|Liiska magacyada rasmiga ah ee Koonfur Afrika}} Magaca "Koonfur Afrika" wuxuu ka yimid goobta juqraafi ahaan dalku ku yaal ee ah darafka koonfureed ee Afrika. Markii la aasaasay, dalka waxaa loogu magac daray [[Midowga Koonfur Afrika]] xagga Ingiriisiga iyo {{lang|nl|Unie van Zuid-Afrika}} xagga [[Luqadda Dutch-ka|Dutch-ka]], taasoo ka tarjumaysa asalkiisa ee ka dhashay midaynta afar gumeysi oo Ingiriis ah. Tan iyo 1961, magaca rasmiga ah ee dheer ee Ingiriisiga wuxuu ahaa Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika iyo {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}} xagga [[Afrikaans]]. Dalku wuxuu leeyahay magac rasmi ah oo ku qoran [[Luqadaha Koonfur Afrika|12 luqadood oo rasmi ah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/index.php/constitution/the-text|title=The text|website=www.concourt.org.za|access-date=25 December 2023|archive-date=25 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225080137/https://www.concourt.org.za/index.php/constitution/the-text|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[Luqadda Dhaqdhaqaaqa Gacanta ee Koonfur Afrika]] iyaduna waa luqad rasmi ah</ref> {{anchor|Mzansi}} '''Mzansi''', oo laga soo qaatay magaca [[Luqadda Xhosa|Xhosa]] ee {{lang|xh|uMzantsi}} oo macnaheedu yahay "koonfur", waa [[Hadal-hayn|magac caan ah]] oo loo isticmaalo Koonfur Afrika,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Sarah|editor2-first=Achille|last=Livermon|first=Xavier|title=Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis|chapter=Sounds in the City|year=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham|isbn=978-0-8223-8121-1|page=283|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|quote=''Mzansi'' is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.|editor-last=Nuttall|editor2-last=Mbembé|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502074447/https://books.google.com/books?id=hNONyzwm420C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mzansi DiToloki|url=http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|publisher=Deaf Federation of South Africa|access-date=15 January 2014|quote=uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means this country, South Africa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116135926/http://www.deafsa.co.za/mzansi_ditoloki/|archive-date=16 January 2014 }}</ref> halka xisbiyada qaar ee u dooda [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanism]] ay doorbidaan ereyga "[[Azania]]", oo ah erey asal ahaan ka yimid Giriigga, ee aan ahayn luqad Afrikaan ah.<ref name="Azania">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-african-party-says-call-it-azania/1855679.html|title=South African Party Says Call Their Country 'Azania'|last=Taylor|first=Darren|newspaper=VOA|access-date=18 February 2017|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624200956/http://www.voanews.com/content/south-african-party-says-call-it-azania/1855679.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] nrsx9ktcc0rfthnq8lvizkbep7pp8tj Xisbiga SYL 0 2587 312290 296914 2026-11-11T09:40:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party |colorcode = {{Xisbiga SYL/meta/midab}} |name_english = Xisbiga Midowga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed</br>Somali Youth League |name_native = عصبة الشبيبة الصومالية |logo = |leader1_title = Madaxweyne |leader1_name = Yaasin Xaaji Cusman Sharmarke |foundation = {{start date|1943}} |dissolution = {{End date|1969}}<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Politics|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://countrystudies.us/somalia/72.htm|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= April 1, 2013}}</ref> |headquarters = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] |ideology = [[Soomaaliweyn|Soomaaliweyn doon]] |position = |international = ''Malaheen'' |colours = {{Color box|#FF0000|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}}{{Color box|#348AC9|border=darkgray}} [[Casaan]], [[Cadaan]], [[Cirdhow]] |flag = [[File:Flag of the Somali Youth League.svg|200px]] |country = Soomaaliya }} '''Xisbiga Midowga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed''' ({{lang-en|Somali Youth League}}, {{lang-ar|عصبة الشبيبة الصومالية}}), (loo soo gaabiyo: '''SYL''') wakhtiyadii hore loo yaqaaay '''Kooxda Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed''' (Somali Youth Club) ('''SYC'''), waxay ahaayeen [[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya|xisbi siyaasadeed]] ka shaqayn jirey wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Xisbigani wuxuu ku bilaabmey urur dhalinyaro ah, markii dambe isku bedelay xisbigii dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horeeyey ee [[Taariikhda_Soomaaliya|Madaxbanaanida]] wadanka [[Soomaaliya]] sanadihii u dhexeeyay 1950kii ilaa 1960kii.<ref>I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p.304.</ref> ==Faallo== [[File:Flag of the Somali Youth League.svg|thumb|]] [[File:SoomaaliSYL.png|thumb|150px|right|SYL waa urrur siyaasadeedkii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya.]] Ururka [[SYL]] (''laga keenay: Somali Youth League'') waxaa la'aasaasay 15 Maajo sanadkii [[1943]] wuxuuna qeyb wax ku ool ah ka qaatay Xoriyadii dalka Soomaaliya ee lahay 1960kii waxaana ku midaysnaa dhalin yaro Soomaaliyeed oo da, yar ah. Dhalin yartii u istaagay xornimada Soomaaliya waxey ahaayeen kuwo u baahnaa in wadanku xor noqdo isla markaana ka hoos baxo gumaystihii wakhtigaasi haystay. ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] 7jo23qoh564c2i8wb2jb56h8wzqpw0u Laylkase 0 2677 312243 312075 2026-11-11T04:32:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Leelkase<br>ليلكسة | image = | caption = | type = [[Darod| Beesha Daarood]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]] | descended = Xuseen bin [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af-Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islaam]] | branches = '''Muuse Cali:''' *Fiqi Cali **Yuusuf **Cismaan ***Cumar Cismaan ****Fiqi Ismaaciil ***Aadan Cismaan ****Maxamed Aadan ****Muumin Aadan ***Idriis Cismaan '''Maxamuud Cali''' | parent_tribe = [[Tanade|Tanade]] | image_size = }} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} '''Leelkase'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Roots of Insecurity in Puntland|url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405050707/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref> ama '''Lailkase'''<ref name="unsc_p20">[[United Nations Security Council]], [http://www.fas.org/asmp/resources/govern/109th/S2006913.pdf Letter dated 21 November 2006 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee...], p. 20</ref> ama '''Lelkase'''<ref name="conflictinsomalia" /> ({{langx|so|Laylkase<ref>{{cite web|title=Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha Laylkase oo Saxaafada kula Hadashay Garoowe Dhaliishayna Saamiga Lagasiiyay Golaha Wasiirada (Sawirro)|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|access-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608155012/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|archive-date=2017-06-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}, {{langx|ar|ليلكسة}}) (''Xuseen bin Cabdiraxmaan bin Is'mail bin Ibraahim al Jaberti'') waa jufo-hoosaad weyn oo ka tirsan beelweynta Tanade ee [[Darod|Beesha Daarood]].<ref name="conflictinsomalia">[[World Bank]], ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics ] {{Wayback|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |date=20200215085758 }}'', pp. 56-57</ref> == Asalka Magaca == Erayga "Leelkase" waa naanaysta aabbaha beesha, Shucayb Diftire, taas oo u dhiganta "arag-dheer, feejigan, caqli badan ama xariif ah."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Diiriye |first=Anwar Maxamed |title=Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings |publisher=Gobaad Communications & Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780972661515 |pages=65}}</ref> == Abtirsiinta Beesha == Gobollada Waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya, Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu soo bandhigayaa abtirsiintan beesha:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316193327/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |archive-date=2005-03-16 |website=Worldbank |page=56 Figure A-2}}</ref> {{tree list}} *[[Darod|Daarood]] ** Maxamed Daarood (Kablalaax) **Isaaq Daarood **Yuusuf Daarood (Awrtable) **Axmed Daarood (Sade) **Xuseen Daarood (Tanade) ***Maxamed Xuseen (Awmaki) ****Masaadan Maxamed *****Dirir Masaadan ******Hoobaanle Dirir *******Aadnaan Hoobaanle ********Dirir Aadnaan *********Haaruun Dirir **********Diftire Haaruun ***********Shucayb Diftire (Leelkase){{tree list/end}} Hoos waxaa ku qoran liiska jufo-hoosaadyada waaweyn ee Leelkase iyo magaalooyinka/degmooyinka ay degaan: * "Mansoor, Aamin iyo Xamuud" oo ku sugan Banaadir [[Hamarweyne]] * "Mansoor, Aamin iyo Xamuud" oo ku sugan Bay [[Buurhakaba]] * "Cali Sheekh" oo ku sugan Shabeellaha Dhexe * "Aw-Salaat" oo ku sugan Shabeellaha Hoose * Jaamac Xasan Muumin oo ku sugan Buurhakaba (Badankood waxay degaan magaaladooda gaarka ah ee "Hassan Muumin") * <nowiki>[[Muumin Aadan]]</nowiki> oo badankood degaan [[Mudug]] ([[Galdogob]], [[Gaalkacyo]]), & Jubbada Hoose ([[Kismaayo]]), [[Dudub]] * "Rooble Xasan" oo ku sugan [[Garoowe]], [[Eyl]], [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Qardho]] * "Maxamed Xasan" Reer Xabbad oo ku sugan [[Dan-goronyo]], [[Eyl]], [[Taleex]] iyo Jubbada Hoose * "Maxamuud Aadan" oo degan [[Garoowe]] iyo [[Eyl]]. * "Fiqi Ismaaciil" oo ku sugan [[Gaalkacyo]] iyo [[Burtinle]] * "Maalismogge" ee Eyl Nugaal iyo [[Gaalkacyo]] * "Ismaaciil Cali" oo ku sugan "Qandala" * "Suhurre" ee Eyl Nugaal Muuse Cali wuxuu sii kala soocmaa beesha caanka ah ee Muumin Aadan ee gobolka [[Mudug]] iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, iyo beesha Xasan Idriis ee gobollada Nugaal, Sool iyo Bari, iyo sidoo kala Fiqi Ismaaciil ee gobolka [[Mudug]]. Beelaha Maxamuud Cali waxay degaan gobolka [[Bari, Soomaaliya|Bari]] ee waqooyi-bari Soomaaliya; gaar ahaan degmada Bandar Beyla. Xaaşim Cali waxay u qaybsamaan beelaha Maalismogge waxayna degaan gobolka [[Mudug]]. [[Gambayah]] (Af-Soomaali: Gambayax, Carabi: جمبيح) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka Nugaal ee dowlad-goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 50 km waqooyi-bari ee magaalada Garoowe. Magaaladan waxaa degan jufo-hoosaadka Rooble Xasan ee Leelkase, iyo beelaha kale ee Idriis Cismaan. Magaaladu waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 800,060. [[Nugaal-gibin]] (Af-Soomaali: Nugaal gibin, Carabi: نوغال غبن) waa degmo ku taalla gobolka Mudug ee dowlad-goboleedka [[Puntland]] ee [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 40 km koonfur-bari ee magaalada Galdogob. Magaaladan waxaa degan jufo-hoosaadka Xirsi Muumin ee Leelkase, iyo beelaha kale ee Muumin Aadan. Magaaladu waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 600,000. == Dadweynaha == Sannadkii 2005, degmada ballaaran ee [[Galdogob]] waxay lahayd guud ahaan dadweyne dhan 40,433 qof oo u badan Leelkase, 33,366 ka mid ah dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen kuwo magaalo ah 57,067na waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan magaalo ahayn. [[Bayla]] waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 16,700 oo qof. Degmada ballaaran ee [[Bayla]] waxay leedahay guud ahaan dadweyne dhan 14,376 qof. [[Bayla]] waxaa inta badan degan dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo [[Majeerteen]] iyo Leelkase Daarood ay si wanaagsan uga dhex muuqdaan. Degmada ballaaran ee [[Garoowe]] waxay qiyaastii leedahay guud ahaan dadweyne dhan 190,000 oo qof. Sida badياب Puntland, waxaa inta badan degan Soomaalida ka tirsan isbahaysiga beelaha [[Harti]] Daarood, gaar ahaan beelaha [[Majerteen]] iyo Leelkase [[Darod|Darood]]. Leelkase sidoo kale waa maamule ka ah [[Garsoor]], xaafadda ugu weyn ee [[Gaalkacyo]] oo ay ku qiyaasan yihiin dadweyne gaaraya 137,667 qof. == Taariikhda == Soomaaliya waxaa degan shan qabiil oo waaweyn iyo hal qabiil oo yar. Shanta qabiil ee waaweyn waa [[Darod|Daarood]], [[Dir (clan)|Dir]], [[Hawiye]], [[Isaaq]], [[Rahanweyn]] waxaana qabiilka yar la yiraahdaa [[Ashraaf]]. Beelaha waaweyn ee hoos yimaada Daarood waxaa ka mid ah [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeen]], [[Dhulbahante]], [[Jidwaq]], Leelkase, [[Majeerteen]], [[Marehan]], [[Warsangali]], [[Awrtable]], [[Dishiishe]], iyo Mora'ase. [[Darod|Daarood]] waa qabiilka ugu weyn maxaa yeelay waxay ka shaqeeyaan ku dhowaad dhammaan qaybaha waqooyiga. Qabiilka Dir dhexdiisa waxaa ku jira Ciise, Gadabuursi, Surre, iyo Biimaal. Beelahan waxay ka dhigayaan aagga loo yaqaan "Soomaaliya Weyn" ([[Kiiniya]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]]). Leelkase waa jufo-hoosaad ka tirsan [[Tanade|Tanade]], oo ah mid ka mid ah beelaha ugu da'da weyn [[Darod|Daarood]], iyo mid ka mid ah boqortooyooyinka ugu da'da weyn Soomaaliya, sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda [[Arab|Carabta]] iyo adduunka, oo la gaaray 1775, ka dib dagaallo culus iyo burburkii [[Tanade]] Daarood. Jufo-hoosaadka Leelkase waxay degaan [[Galdogob]], [[Gaalkacyo]], [[Bander Beyla]], [[Eyl]], [[Garoowe]], iyo Jubbada Hoose, [[Bay, Soomaaliya|Bay]], iyo gobollada Galbeedka Soomaaliya. Bulshada Leelkase waxaa lagu tilmaamaa bulsho diimeed, deris wanaagsan, nabadda jecel, mar walbana daryeesha deriskooda. Beesha Leelkase waxay heshay naanays ah; "Darbi Daarood" ("Darbigii Daarood"), oo ka sheekaynaysa difaacii ka yimid qabiilka [[Hawiye]], dagaalkii Hawiye-Daarood. Waa qabiil weyn oo ku baahsan dhammaan gobollada Soomaaliya sida [[Mudug]], [[Nugal, Soomaaliya|Nugal]], [[Bari, Soomaaliya|Bari]], [[Sool]], Jubbada Hoose, Jubbada Dhexe, Bay iyo Galbeedka Soomaaliya. Waxaa inta badan degan bulshada Karkar: Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur iyo Arindheer. Leelkase waxaa inta badan laga helaa gobollada [[Mudug]] ee koonfurta-bartamaha Soomaaliya. Inkasta oo Leelkase iyo [[Majeerteen]] labaduba ay ka soo jeedaan qabiilka [[Darod|Daarood]], "xiriirka ka dhexeeya ma uusan ahayn mid wanaagsan waqti dheer waxayna is dagaaleen dhowr jeer." Xiriir diirran ayaa ku yaraa labada kooxood. Waxaa jira Leelkase oo ku sugan gobollada [[Bari, Soomaaliya|Bari]] iyo [[Nugal, Soomaaliya|Nugal]]. Xiriirka ka dhexeeya labada kooxood ee gobolkaas waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan ahayn mid saaxiibtinimo leh. Leelkase waxay "si joogto ah ula dagaalamayeen [[Marehan]] ee gobolka Gedo." Marka la eego xiriirka Leelkase ee la leeyahay [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeen]], waxaa jiray "xubno" Leelkase ah oo ka mid ah [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeen]] ilaa iyo markii ay bilaabeen khilaafaadka [[Muqdisho]]. Horeyna waxay isbahaysi ugu jireen ka dhanka ah [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeen]], xiriirka Leelkase ee Ogaadeen waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa "mid daciif ah ugu yaraan". == Tirada Boqortooyada == * [[King Mahamed "Aw Maki"|Boqor Maxamed "Aw Maki"]] Boqorkii 1raad ee Daarood. * [[King Masadan|Boqor Masaadan]] Boqorkii 2aad ee Daarood. * [[King Dirir|Boqor Dirir]] Boqorkii 3aad ee Daarood. * [[King Hobanle|Boqor Hoobaanle]] Boqorkii 4aad ee Daarood. * [[King Adnan|Boqor Aadnaan]] Boqorkii 5aad ee Daarood. * [[King Dirir II|Boqor Dirir II]] Boqorkii 6aad ee Daarood. * [[King Harun|Boqor Haaruun]] Boqorkii 7aad ee Daarood. * [[King Diftire|Boqor Diftire]] Boqorkii 8aad ee Daarood. * [[Ugas Mohamed Ugas Ali|Ugaas Maxamed Ugaas Cali]] Ugaaskii/Boqorkii 32aad ee Boqortooyada Tanade. * [[Ugas Ahmed Ugas Mohamed|Ugaas Axmed Ugaas Maxamed]] Ugaaskii/Boqorkii 33aad ee Boqortooyada Tanade. == Dadka Caanka ah == * [[Abdirahman Hosh Jibril|Cabdiraxmaan Xosh Jibril]] A.U.N Wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dastuurka. * [[Khadra Bashir Ali|Khadra Bashiir Cali]] Wasiirkii hore ee Waxbarashada ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya * [[Duraan Ahmed Farah|Duraan Axmed Faarax]] Wasiirkii hore ee shaqada, sidoo kale ahaa wasiirka gaadiidka iyo duulimaadka rayidka ah intii uu madaxweyne ahaa Farmaajo. * [[Ali Abdi Giir|Cali Abdi Giir]] Qoraa Soomaaliyeed. * [[Abdulkadir Abdi Hashi|Cabdikadir Abdi Hashi]] Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Puntland, Wasiirkii hore ee Waxbarashada ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya * [[Said Sheikh Samatar|Saciid Sheekh Samatar]] Aqoonyahan iyo qoraa caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed. * [[Sofia Samatar|Sofia Samatar]] Macallimad, gabayaa iyo qoraa Soomaali-Maraykan ah. Waa borofisar ku xigeen ah Ingiriisiga oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda James Madison. * [[A.U.N Shiikh Ahmed Haaji Abdirahman|A.U.N Shiikh Axmed Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan]] * [[Shiikh Ahmed Abdisamad|Shiikh Axmed Cabdisamad]] aasaasaha u wada-shaqeynta [[Jama'at al-I'tisam|Al-Ictisaam]]. * [[Hassan Mohamed Faarah - Ayahle|Xasan Maxamed Faarax - Ayahle]] Duqii hore ee [[Goldogob]] [[Mudug]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[Sadik Warfa|Sadiiq Warfa]] Xubin hore oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya, Wasiirkii hore ee Shaqaalaha & Arrimaha Bulshada ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya * [[Zakaria Mohamed Haji-Abdi|Zakaria Mohamed Haji-Abdi]] Xubin hore oo ka tirsan Xildhibaannada Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya. * [[Abdirishiid Khalif Hashi|Cabdikariim Sheekh Xasan]] Xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Shaqaalaha Rayidka Qaranka, Xubin hore oo ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. * [[Abdirishiid Khalif Hashi|Cabdirashiid Khaliif Xaashi]] falanqeeye, agaasimihii hore ee machadka dhaxalka, iyo wasiirkii hore xilligii Farmaajo. * [[Ahmed Abdi Hashi (Taajir)|Axmed Cabdi Xaashi (Taajir)]] Xildhibaanka hadda ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Taliyihii hore ee Ku-xigeenka Booliska Soomaaliya. * [[Ali ismacil Abdi giir|Cali Ismaaciil Cabdi Giir]] Siyaasi. * [[Farduus Osmaan Egaal|Farduus Cismaan Cigaal]] Wasiirka Gaadiidka & Duulimaadka Rayidka (MoTCA) ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya. * [[Naasir Ayaxle - Naasir Dheere|Naasir Ayaxle - Naasir Dheere]] Farshaxaniste iyo majaajiliiste. * [[Abdihakim (Saacid) Dahir Said|Cabdixakiin (Saciid) Daahir Saciid]] Taliyihii hore ee Booliska ee Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya. * [[Abdihakiin BR|Cabdixakiin BR]] Majaajiliiste iyo soo-jeediye telefishan. * [[Abdullahi Mohamed Jigato|Cabdullaahi Maxamed Jigato]] Siyaasi iyo Xildhibaanka hadda ee Baarlamaanka ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} *{{cite book | title = Africa events, Volume 8 | publisher = Dar es Salaam Ltd. | date = 1992 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=604EAQAAIAAJ }} *{{cite book | last = Bader | first = Christian | title = Le sang et le lait: brève histoire des clans somal | publisher = Maisonneuve & Larose | date = 1999 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pLFETPhIrcMC | isbn = 2-7068-1373-3}} *{{cite book | last = Diiriye | first = Anwar Maxamed | title = Literature of Somali onomastics & proverbs with comparison of foreign sayings | publisher = Gobaad Communications & Press | date = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fLdtAAAAMAAJ | isbn = 0-9726615-1-4}} <!-- Fadlan taxaddar si aadan u tirtirin qaybaha soo socda --> {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} [[Category:Daarood]] [[Category:Qabaa'ilada Soomaaliya]] e0owbutnqkogf3078oz8buf8xnwl5lj Dhaqaallaha Soomaaliya 0 3679 312211 300887 2026-11-11T01:05:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Soomaaliya]] waxa ay [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ku tilmaantay dalka ugu horumarsan , iyadoo inta badan dadkeedu ay noloshoodu ku tiirsan tahay beeraha iyo xoolaha. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waa $14.17 bilyan marka loo eego wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha marka la eego sanadka 2026. 1994tii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga in ku dhow $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay inay kor u kacday $ 5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sannadkii 2014, Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF ayaa ku qiyaasay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha inuu kordhay 3.7% ugu horreyn. Balaadhintan waxa horseed ka ahaa kobaca qaybaha aasaasiga ah iyo qaybta sare . Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay waxay la kulmeen kobac, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo qaybta warshadaha ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho, waxaa jiray maalgashi la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, oo gaar loo leeyahay oo lagu sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyo ganacsi. Maalgelintan waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ah ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha , gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. {{Infobox dhaqaalaha |country = Soomaaliya |image =Central_Bank_of_Somalia,_Mogadishu.png |caption = |currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] ([[Shilin Soomaali|SOS]]) |fixed exchange = |year = |organs = [[Midowga afrika|AU]], [[CEN-SAD]], [[IGAD]] |gdp ={{plainlist| *{{increase}} $14.17 bilyan (magac ahaan, 2026)<ref name="IMFWEOSO">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |title=IMF DataMapper: Somalia |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 July 2026}}</ref> *{{increase}} $34.11 bilyan (PPP, 2026)<ref name="IMFWEOSO"/>}} | growth = {{plainlist| *3.7%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="IMFWEOSO"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $813 (magac ahaan; 2026 qiyaas.) *{{increase}} $1,960 (PPP; 2026 qiyaas.)}} | per capita growth = 0.5%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="World Bank">{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG|title = GDP per capita growth (annual %), World Bank Group, accessed June 2026}}</ref> |growth = 3.7% (2024) 2.8% (2018) 2.9% (2019e) 3.2% (2020e) |per capita = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $813 (magac ahaan; 2026 qiyaas.) *{{increase}} $1,960 (PPP; 2026 qiyaas.)}} | per capita growth = 0.5%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="World Bank">{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG|title = GDP per capita growth (annual %), World Bank Group, accessed June 2026}}</ref> |components = |sectors = [[Beeraha]] (40.2%), [[Warshadaha]] (27.4%), Adeegyada (32.5%) (2013) |inflation =1.5% (2017 ) |poverty =63% qaddar) |gini = |labor = {{increase}} 3,924,554 (2019) |occupations = [[Beeraha]] ( 60.2%), [[Warshadaha]] (7.4%) iyo Adeegyada 32.5% (2013) |unemployment ={{increaseNegative}} 11.4% (2019) |industries = [[Sonkor]], [[Dharka]], [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xawilaad]], [[isgaarsiinta]] |exports = {{increase}} 214 milyan (sanadka 2022.) |export-goods = [[Xoolo|Xoolaha]], [[Moos]], [[Maqaar]], [[Malaay|Kaluun]], [[Dhuxul]], Biraha duugga |export-partners = [[Itoobiya]] 29.7%; [[Faransiiska]] 16.3%; [[Kenya]] 5.2%; [[Imaaraadka Carabta|UAE]] 5.1%; [[Yemen]] 4.1% (2017) |imports = {{increase}} $1.443 bilyan (sanadka 2022.) |import-goods = [[Farsamo]] wax soo-saar, [[Shidaal]] wax soo saar, [[Cunto]], Qalabka dhismaha |import-partners = [[Itoobiya]] 17.6%; [[Suudaan]] 17.2%; [[Indonesia]] 6.9% [[Ruushka]] 5.3%; [[Turkiga]] 4.1% (2017) |gross external debt = $1.4 bilyan. <ref> [https://mof.gov.so/sites/default/files/Publications/QUARTERLY%20PUBLIC%20DEBT%20BULLETINS%20%28QUARTER%202%2C%202025%29.pdf?utm_source= Deynta guud ee Soomaaliya 2025]</ref> |FDI = |debt = |revenue = |expenses ={{increase}} 1 bilyan (2022) |aid = |credit = |reserves =23 Milyan (2022) |cianame = so |spelling = }} Sida laga soo xigtay Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay (UNDP) Soomaaliya, laga soo bilaabo 2012 , waddanku wuxuu lahaa qaar ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha horumarka ugu hooseeya adduunka, iyo Heerka Horumarinta Aadanaha ee "aad u hooseeya" (HDI) oo qiimahiisu ahaa 0.285. Tani waxay ka mid noqon doontaa kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka haddii la heli karo xog la mid ah, iyo marka la isku hagaajiyo sinnaan la'aanta weyn ee ka jirta Soomaaliya, HDI-ga ayaa xitaa ka hooseeya. UNDP waxay xustay in "sinnaan la'aanta kooxaha bulshada ee kala duwan, oo ah sababta ugu weyn ee colaadda, ay sii ballaaranaysay". Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamooyin casri ah oo warshadeed. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo dhaqato reer guuraa ah ama reer guuraa ah, kuwaas oo dhaqda ariga , idaha , geela iyo lo'da . Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay soo ururiyaan resins iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. Sida laga soo xigtay Bankiga Adduunka, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxaa soo gaaray burbur xooggan oo ka dhashay burburkii dowladnimo ee la socday dagaalladii sokeeye ee dalka ka dhacay. Qaar ka mid ah dhaqaalayahannada, oo uu ku jiro libertarian Peter T. Leeson , ayaa taa beddelkeeda ku dooday in burburkii dawladnimo uu runtii gacan ka geystay hagaajinta daryeelka dhaqaalaha, sababtoo ah dawladdii hore ee Soomaaliya waxay ahayd mid ugaadh ah. ==Tilmaamayaasha dhaqaalaha== Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Soomaaliya "waxaa lagu sifeeyay la'aan ba'an oo la'aanta aasaasiga ah ee dhaqaalaha iyo tirakoobka bulshada". Xaaladdan waxaa uga sii daray dagaalladii sokeeye iyo burburkii hay'adaha, in kasta oo xitaa ka hor fashilka dawladnimada Soomaaliya, xogtu waxay ahayd mid aan la isku halayn karin. Bangiga Adduunka ayaa sheegay in GDP-ga Soomaaliya uu ahaa $917.0 milyan sannadkii 1990-kii, tirada guud ee dadka ku noolna ay ahayd 13.42 milyan sannadkii 2014-kii, iyadoo tan iyo xilligaas ay gaartay 15 milyan illaa 2018, taasoo ka dhigan in ku dhawaad ​​12% ay korortay tirada guud ee dadkeeda tan iyo xilligaas. Sannadkii 2018 baanka adduunku wuxuu ku qiyaasay GDP-ga sanadlaha ah $6.2 bilyan, oo la mid ah Guam iyo Jamhuuriyadda Kyrgyzstan , oo u kala saaraya waddan dakhligoodu hooseeyo. Qaybta Tirakoobka Qaramada Midoobay waxay soo warisay tirada GDP ee $ 1.306 ee 2012, marka la barbar dhigo $ 2.316 bilyan 2005 iyo $ 1.071 bilyan 2010. Sida laga soo xigtay Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, xilli sannadihii 2000-meeyadii GDP qofkiiba dalka marka loo eego Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu ahaa $230, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhac ku yimid marka la eego 1990 . Tirada GDP-ga qofkiiba waa kan afaraad ee ugu hooseeya adduunka. Qiyaastii 43% dadku waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Maraykanka ah maalintii, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​24% kuwa laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% ay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Sida laga soo xigtay Hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Horumarinta ee (UNDP) Soomaaliya, laga bilaabo 2012-kiiwaddanku wuxuu lahaa qaar ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha horumarka ugu hooseeya adduunka, iyo "aad u hooseeya" Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha (HDI) oo qiimaheedu ahaa 0.285. Tani waxay ka mid noqon doontaa kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka haddii la heli karo xog la mid ah, iyo marka la isku hagaajiyo sinnaan la'aanta weyn ee ka jirta Soomaaliya, HDI-ga ayaa xitaa ka hooseeya. UNDP waxay xustay in "sinnaan la'aanta kooxaha bulshada ee kala duwan, oo ah sababta ugu weyn ee colaadda, ay sii ballaaranaysay". Qaramada Midoobay waxay Soomaaliya ku tilmaantay dalka ugu horumarsan tan iyo markii guddigeeda siyaasadda horumarinta ay bilaabeen inay habkan u kala qaybiyaan dowlad goboleedyada 1971-kii. Hawlgalka Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF ee Soomaaliya ayaa ku qiyaasay kororka GDP 3.7% 2014 iyo CPI ee sicir-bararka -71.10%. Warbixintu waxay xustay in haddii xaaladda ammaan ee Soomaaliya ay si dhexdhexaad ah u soo hagaagayso oo aanay abaari jirin, kobaca dhaqaale ee xilliga dhexe waa in uu ahaadaa 5% celcelis ahaan, laakiin "koritaanka wuxuu ahaan doonaa mid aan ku filnayn in lagu saxo faqriga iyo farqiga jinsiga". Qiyaastii 73% dadka Soomaaliya waxay ku nool yihiin meel ka hoosaysa heerka faqriga sanadka 2016. ==Fashil dawladeed iyo daryeel dhaqaale== Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Adduunka, laba sano gudahood markii uu qarxay dagaalka sokeeye 1988, waxaa burburay hay’adihii dawliga ahaa ee Soomaaliya “waxaa la burburiyey inta badan kaabayaashii dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada iyo hantidii”. Sannadkii 2003-dii waxa uu Bangigu sheegay in inkasta oo ay maqan yihiin dawlad iyo hay’adihii ay lahayd, haddana ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Soomaaliya waxa uu soo maray kobac aad u wanaagsan, balse “in badan oo ka mid ah waaxyahaasi waxa ay noqdeen kuwo fadhiid ah ama korriimadooda ay caqabad ku yihiin maalgashi la’aan, shaqaale tababaran iyo maqnaanshaha sharci iyo nidaam sharci oo khuseeya dhaqangelinta shuruucda iyo xeerarka, halbeegyada guud iyo ilaalinta tayada”. Warbixintu waxay xustay in ay adagtahay dhiirigelinta iyo u adeegsiga kaydka gudaha ee maalgashiga, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay la'aanta adeegyada maaliyadeed ee rasmiga ah iyo hay'adaha sharciyaynta. La'aanta hay'adaha dawliga ah, ayuu Baanku ku doodayaa, waxay keentay in laga hortago gelitaanka suuqyada raasamaalka ee caalamiga ah. Maqaal la daabacay 2007-dii, dhaqaale-yahanka xorta ah ee Peter T. Leeson waxa uu ku dooday in qarankii Soomaaliya uu ahaa mid ugaadh ah, burburkiisuna uu wanaajiyay daryeelka dhaqaale ee muwaadiniintiisa, 14 ka mid ah 18-kii calaamadood ee horumarka ayaa aad uga wanaagsan muddadii 2000-2005 marka loo eego 1985-1990. Sidoo kale, dhaqaaleyahannada Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford iyo Alex Nowrasteh ayaa ku doodaya in wax-qabadka dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya, marka loo eego dawladaha kale ee Afrika, uu soo hagaagay muddadii dawlad la'aanta. Ersun Kurtulus waxa ay sheegtay in maqaallada Leeson iyo Powell, Ford iyo Nowrasteh ay bixinayaan "caddaynta ugu cad cad ee muujinaysa in Soomaaliya ay si aad ah uga wanagsan tahay dawlad la'aantu marka loo eego sidii ay ku dhacday taliskii Barre". Kurtulus waxa uu ku doodayaa in qorayaashani ay sharraxaad sax ah ka bixin karaan xaaladda Soomaaliya, laakiin “ dooddu waxay u muuqataa in laga soo minguuriyay mala-awaal ku salaysan fikradda xorta ah ee dawladnimada halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen falanqayn tiro-koob ah oo soo saarta xidhiidh taban oo ka dhexeeya tilmaamayaasha ugaadhsiga dawladnimo iyo kuwa daryeelka dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada”. Kurtulus waxa uu soo jeedinayaa in burburka dawlad cabudhinta ahi ay wanaajin karto xoriyada shakhsiga ah iyo mida madaniga ah, laakiin xisaabtan oo kale “ay si xad dhaaf ah u xoojinaysa arrimo ku abtirsada saaxadda gudaha, iyada oo la dayacay arrimaha dibadda ee ka shaqeeya heer gobol iyo heer caalami”. ==Beeraha== [[File:Laasqoray30.jpg|thumb|gasacadaha kalluunka Tuna ee Laas-qoray oo lagu sameeyay Laascaanood .]] Beeruhu waa qaybta dhaqaalaha ugu muhiimsan. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $ 460 milyan sannadkii, waxayna soo kabsadeen oo xitaa dhaafeen wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $ 270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee heerka dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor, laakiin weli waxay keenaysaa xisaab ganacsi oo ku saabsan $100 milyan sanadkii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos u dhacan ganacsi ayaa aad uga badan xawaaladaha Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool ay soo diraan, taasoo gacan ka geysatay joogteynta heerka soo dejinta. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaalliin meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta , ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carabta Gacanka Faaris, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya, wadamada Gacanka Carbeed ee Faaris waxa ay bilaabeen in ay maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah ku sameeyaan gobolka, iyada oo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabeyaasha Dhoofinta Xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna waxa uu iibsanayaa dhul beereedyo waaweyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, maraakiib kalluumaysi oo ka yimid Yurub iyo Aasiya waxay heshiisyo kalluumaysi ganacsi ku gaadheen waqooyiga gobolka Puntland . Iyadoo Soomaaliya ay dhoofisay 3 milyan oo ido ah sanadkii 2012, waxa ay si toos ah u dhoofin jirtay bariga dhexe waxa ay dhaaftay 2 milyan oo neef oo Australiya ah . Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Dhaqaalaha iyo Sayniska ee Beeraha iyo Kheyraadka ee Australia , 99% dhoofka xoolaha ee dalka ayaa ku wajahan Bariga Dhexe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo 2006, waxaa jiray 10% hoos u dhac "sababtoo ah tartanka suuqyada dhoofinta ee sii kordhaya ee dhoofinta idaha ee Afrika iyo bariga Yurub". In ka badan 5 milyan oo xoolo ah ayaa la dhoofiyay 2014, tirada ugu badan ee 20 sano ah. Dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Somaliland waxa kale oo ku yaalla suuqyada xoolaha nool ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Seylad ee Geeska Afrika , waxaana suuqyada Burco iyo Yiroowe lagu iibiyaa xoolo gaadhaya 10,000 oo neef oo ari ah maalin kasta , kuwaas oo intooda badan laga soo raro dalalka Khaliijka oo loo sii mariyo dekedda Berbera . Suuqyada waxaa lagu daweeyaa xoolaha ka yimaada Geeska Afrika oo dhan. Beeyada iyo malmalku waa badeecado muhiim u ah Soomaaliya oo loo dhoofiyo. Itoobiya iyo Kenya, oo ay weheliyaan Soomaaliya waa mid ka mid ah saddexda waddan ee ugu badan ee keena alaabooyinkan. ==Wax-soo-saarka== [[File:MogadishuCoke.jpg|thumb|Warshada dhalada Coca-cola ee Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed , qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado lagu qasaaco kalluunka iyo hilibka oo ku yaal waqooyiga, iyo sidoo kale ilaa 25 warshadood oo ku yaal agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada , biyaha macdanta , macmacaanka , bacaha , dharka , hargaha iyo hargaha, saabuunta iyo saabuunta , aluminium , furaashyo xumbo iyo barkimo , doonyo kalluumeysi , samaynta baakadaha, iyo samaynta baakadaha . Sannadkii 2001dii, maalgelinta wax-soo-saarka fudud ayaa ku fiday Boosaaso , Hargeysa iyo Muqdisho , gaar ahaan, taasoo muujinaysa kalsoonida ganacsi ee sii kordhaysa ee dhaqaalaha. Si taas loo gaaro, sanadkii 2004, waxaa Muqdisho laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaadeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ka tirsan. Qaybo kale duwan ayaa sidoo kale soo jiitay maalgashi shisheeye sida General Motors iyo Dole Fruits . ==Warshadaha diyaaradaha== [[File:Jubba_Airways_Airbus_A321_(F-GYAN)_at_Mogadishu_Airport.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Jubba Airways ee Muqdisho .]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, dhammaan hawlihii Somali Airlines waxa si rasmi ah loo hakiyey 1991 . Waxaa ka mid ahaa Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Daallo iyo Jubba waxay ku midoobeen Isbahaysiga Hawada Afrika 2015. Inkastoo la sheegay in loo diyaar garoobayo dib u howlgelinta Somali Airlines sannadihii 2012 iyo 2013, Warbixin Al Carabiya oo ka hadlaysa isku darka Daallo Airlines iyo Jubba Airways bishii Febraayo 2015 ayaa lagu sheegay inaysan jirin shirkad sidday calanka Soomaaliya oo rasmi ah kaddib markii ay burburtay Somali Airlines 1991-kii. ==Dhismaha== Natiijadii ka soo baxday xaaladda ammaan ee Muqdisho, ayaa waaxda sirdoonka dhaqaalaha ee 2015 waxa ay sheegtay in dhismo kaabayaal cusub iyo dayactir lagu samaynayo guryo filo ah oo markii hore laga tagay ay ka socdaan magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Buugga Xaqiiqada Adduunka ee Hay’adda Sirdoonka Dhexe ayaa lagu sheegay in horumarku aanu ku fidin qaybaha kale ee Soomaaliya, isla markaana uu ammaanku walaac weyn ku yahay ganacsiga Muqdisho. ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Nidaamkii isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ayaa ku burburay dagaalladii dhacay 1991. Sannadkii 2010-kii shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bixinayey kaabayaashan maqan. Waxaa maalgeliyay hal-abuuro ganacsi oo Soomaali ah waxaana taageeray khabiiro ka socda Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , EU iyo Kuuriya . Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah waxay bixiyaan adeegyo talefan gacanta iyo internetka oo jaban oo aan laga heli karin meelo badan oo qaarada ah. Macaamiisha waxay samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyagoo isticmaalaya telefoonada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, howlgallada shirkadaha ayaa waxaa caqabad ku noqday dagaalka sii socda. Sannadkii 2004tii, wakhtiga rakibidda talefanka guryaha waxay ahayd saddex maalmood, halka Kenya dhanka koonfureed ka xigtana, liisaska sugitaanku ay dheeraayeen sannado badan. Wareysi lala yeeshay 2004-tii, shirkadaha isgaarsiintu waxay ahaayeen kuwo " quus ah" si ay u helaan dowlad waxtar leh: "wax walbaa waxay ka bilowdaan amniga." Hadda waxa jira ku dhawaad ​​25 khadadka waaweyn 1,000kii qofba, iyo helitaanka gudaha ee khadadka taleefoonada ( tele-density ) way ka sarraysaa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah . Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Golis Telecom Group , Hormuud Telecom , Somafone , Nationlink , Netco , Telcom iyo Somali Telecom Group . Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Si loo yareeyo cadaadiska tartanka, saddex ka mid ah shirkadahan ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaan 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha oo ay ballaariyaan shabakadahooda. Warbixin la soo saaray sanadkii 2010-kii ayaa lagu sheegay in ballaarinta warshadaha isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ay keentay mid ka mid ah calaamadaha cad ee muujinaya in dhaqaalaha dalka uu kobcayo. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, waxaa sidoo kale jiray 20 wargeys oo si gaar ah loo leeyahay , 10 idaacadood iyo telefishan , iyo goobo internet oo badan oo dadweynaha siinayay macluumaad. ==Maaliyadda== [[File:Somalia_(Somaliland)(023).jpg|thumb|Bangiga Dahabshiil ee Hargeysa]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Sannadkii 2013-kii Bankiga Horumarinta Afrika wuxuu qiimeeyay in Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya uu "naafo ka yahay la'aanta dhaqaale ku filan oo dad, qalab iyo maaliyadeed", laakiin wuxuu awood u yeelan karaa inuu yareeyo heerka sicir-bararka marka uu la wareego xakamaynta siyaasadda lacagta oo uu soo saaro lacag cusub. Wakhtigan waxa kale oo ay Somaliland lahayd baanka dhexe, inkasta oo doorkiisa ugu weyn uu ahaa in uu u noqdo khasnad dawladeed iyo daabacaadda lacagta. Kalsooni darada lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo aqbalo marka la barbar dhigo lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga ah . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad loo soo daabici jiray ayaa sababtay sicir barar. Bangiga dhexe ayaa sheegay in uu soo afjari doono jawiga sicir bararka marka uu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegaysa ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay. Soomaaliya ma lahayn wax awood lacageed oo dhexe ah in ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxaysay dagaalkii sokeeye ee qarxay 1991 iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009. Xawaaladaha Bangiyada iyo Bangiyada ma suurtowdo, taasoo keentay inay kor u kacaan xawaaladaha gaarka ah (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah Dahabshiil, Qaran Express, Mustaqbal, Amal Express, Kaah Express, Hodan Global, Olympic, Amana Express, Iftin Express iyo Tawakal Express. Inta badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin ururka xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed ee SOMTA, oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama midkii ka horeeyay ee loo yaqaano Somali Financial Services Association (SFSA). Soomaaliya ayaa ah dalka afaraad ee ugu badan adduunka ee ku tiirsan xawaaladaha. Inta badan xawaaladaha waxaa soo dira Soomaalida degan dalka dibadiisa oo ay u soo diraan qaraabadooda ku sugan Soomaaliya. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay 20%-50% dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|Lacag 500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Dahabshiil waa tan ugu weyn xawaaladaha Soomaalida (MTO), iyadoo la wareegtay inta badan suuqii ay banneysay Al-Barakaat . Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu tahay London waxayna ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2000 oo qof oo ku kala baahsan 144 waddan, oo 130 laamood ku leh Boqortooyada Ingiriiska oo keliya, 130 laamood oo kale oo Soomaaliya ah, iyo 400 oo laamood oo caalami ah, oo uu ku jiro mid ku yaal Dubai . Shirkaddu waxay siisaa adeegyo maaliyadeed oo kala duwan oo ay siiso hay'adaha caalamiga ah, iyo sidoo kale ganacsiyada waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar iyo kuwa gaarka ah labadaba. Dahabshiil ka dib, Qaran Express waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee xawila lacagaha ee Soomaalidu leedahay. Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu tahay London iyo Dubai labadaba, waxayna ku leedahay 175 wakiil oo adduunka oo dhan ah, 66 wakiil oo Soomaaliya ah iyo 64 wakiil oo London ah, wax lacag ahna kama soo qaado lacagaha samafalka ah . Mustaqbal waa MTO-ga saddexaad ee ugu caansan Soomaalida, waxaana 8 wakiil ka ah Soomaaliya iyo 49 wakiil oo jooga UK. Si la mid ah Dahabshiil iyo Qaran Express, waxa ay sidoo kale leedahay goob caan ah oo caalami ah. Iyadoo Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay uu si buuxda ula wareegayo mas’uuliyadiisa siyaasadda lacagta ayaa waxaa la filayaa in qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee jira ay mustaqbalka dhow u raadiyaan shatiyo si ay u noqdaan bangi ganacsi oo dhameystiran. Tani waxay u adeegi doontaa in la ballaariyo nidaamka lacag-bixinta qaranka si loogu daro jeegaga rasmiga ah, taas oo iyaduna la filayo inay sii xoojiso waxtarka isticmaalka siyaasadda lacagta ee maaraynta dhaqaalaha gudaha . Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. ==Sarrifka saamiyada== Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2012-kii, waxaana aasaasay diblomaasiga Soomaaliyeed Idd Mohamed , Safiirka aan caadiga ahayn iyo ku xigeenka wakiilka joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay. Dallada SSE waxaa loo aas aasay inay soo jiidato maal-gashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dar-dar geliyo dib u dhiska dalka Soomaaliya ka dib colaadaha.  Bishii Agoosto 2012, SSE waxay heshiis is-afgarad ah la saxeexatay Isweydaarsiga Securities Exchange (NSE) si uu uga caawiyo horumarinta farsamada. Heshiiska waxaa ka mid ah in la aqoonsado khibradda iyo taageerada ku habboon.  Shukuk bonds oo waafaqsan shareecada iyo sinnaanta xalaasha ah ayaa sidoo kale loo arkaa inay qayb ka tahay heshiiska iyadoo suuqa saamiyada Soomaaliya ee curdanka ah uu horumarayo.  Laga bilaabo Noofambar 2014, Sarifka saamiyada Soomaaliya waxay xafiisyo maamul ka dhisteen Muqdisho , Kismaayo iyo xarumaha kale ee magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Boorsada ayaa lagu wadaa inay si rasmi ah u furto sanadka 2015. Horaantii, todoba shirkadood oo ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ka kala socda adeegyada maaliyadda, isgaarsiinta iyo gaadiidka ayaa la filayaa inay ku taxaan saamigooda si ay maalgashi caalami ah ugu sameeyaan. ==Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah== [[File:Puntland_oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxa ay leedahay kayd kheyraad badan oo dabiici ah oo aan weli laga faa’iidaysan, waxaana ka mid ah uranium , iron ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . Australian iyo shirkadaha Shiineeska ee Shiineeska ah ayaa la siiyay shati ay ku heli karaan batroolka iyo kheyraadka kale ee dabiiciga ah ee dalka. Koox shidaal oo ku taxan Sydney , Range Resources , ayaa saadaalinaysa in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyiga uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10) .6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 109 m 3 ) saliid. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Shidaalka Soomaaliyeed waxaa abuurtey dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay sidoo kale heleen kaydka Yuraaniyaamka iyo kaydka macdanta ee naadirka ah ee Soomaaliya. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshaduhu ay ku qiyaaseen kaydka in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas loo yaqaanay oo dhan 800,000 oo tan. 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya waxa uu sheegay in wadanku lahaa 5,000 tan oo yuraaniyam ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo yuraaniyam lagu qiyaasay khayraad dheeraad ah (EAR) oo kayd ah , iyo sidoo kale ilaa 150,000 oo ciid ah kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxay isku mar u xuubsiibatay soo saarista uranium-ka adduunka ugu weyn, iyadoo shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, UAE, Talyaani iyo Brazil ay ku tartamayaan xuquuq soo saarista. Isku xidhka Khayraadka Dabiiciga ahi waxa ay saami ku leeyihiin khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee gobolada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxa ay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA) Block, oo ay ku jirto sahaminta uranium-ka. Ka sokow uranium-ka, xad aan la cayimin oo yttrium ah , curiye dhul dhif ah iyo macdan qaali ah, ayaa sidoo kale laga helay dalka. ==Tamarta== Bartamihii 2010-kii, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed waxay ballan-qaadeen in shanta sano ee soo socota ay hal bilyan oo doollar ku maalgelinayaan warshadaha gaaska iyo korontada qaranka. C/laahi Xuseen, oo ah Agaasimaha Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska Warshadaha ee hadda la sameeyay , ayaa saadaaliyay in istaraatiijiyada maalgashiga ay abuuri doonto 100,000 oo shaqo. Shirkaddan cusub ayaa lagu aasaasay isku-dhafka shan shirkadood oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga, maaliyadda , amniga , iyo isgaarsiinta . Wajigii koowaad ee mashruucan ayaa billowday muddo lix bilood gudahood ah markii la aasaasay shirkadda, waxaana lagu tababaray dhalinyaro si ay koronto u gaarsiiyaan dhinacyada dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada. Wajigii labaad waxa uu bilaabmay badhtamihii ilaa dabayaaqadii 2011-kii, waxaana la arkayay dhismaha warshado laga dhisayo goobo dhaqaale oo si gaar ah loogu qoondeeyay kalluumaysiga, beeraha, xoolaha iyo warshadaha macdanta. Sanadkii 2012, maamulka Faroole ayaa iftiimiyay mashruucii ugu horeeyay ee shidaal baaris ah oo laga sameeyay Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Oo ay hogaaminayaan shirkadda Saliida ee Canadian African Oil iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda Range Resources , qodistii ugu horreysay ee ceelka Shabeel-1 ee ku yaalla Dooxada Dharoor ee Puntland bishii March ee sanadkan ayaa lagu guulaystay in laga soo saaro shidaal. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa la filayaa in dhaqaaluhu uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’iidaysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ==Hordhac== Hadaad si dhab ah u fiirisid wadamada aduunka, wadan walbo dhaqaalihiis wuxuu ku salaysanyahay hal ama labo arrimood, sida wadanka Sucuudiga oo dhaqaalihiisa ku salaysanyahay saliidda cayriinka ama batroolka, wadankaa Finland wuxuu dhaqaalihiisa ku salaysanyahay geedaha ama alwaaxda, wadanka Iceland dhaqaalahooda wuxuu ku salaysanyahay kaluunka, wadanka Itoobiya dhaqaalihiisu wuxu ku salaysanyahay wax soo saarka beeraha. Waxaad arkaysaa wadamo dhaqaalahooda ku tiirsan Dalxiiska, kuwakalana waxay ku tiirsanyihiin soosaarka warshadaha ama sinaacadda culus. Hadaba waa suaal fiican in laiswaydiiyaa wadanka Soomaaliya dhaqaalihiisa muxuu ku salaysanyahay. Waxaad arkaysaa dhaqaalaha soomaaliya in uu ku salaysanyahay ama ku tiirsanyahay waxyaabo fara badan, ayadoo ay ugu horayso nimcooyinka uu ilaahay siiyay wadanka soomaaliya sida xoolaha, dhulbeeraadka, xeeb laga kaluumaysankaro iyo nimcooyinka dhulka ku aasan ee aan laga faaidaysan wali sida Birta, dahabka, Uraniumka, saliida shidaalka, iyo waxyaabo farabadan oo aan la soo koobi karin, kuwaas ay kamid yihiin dhul bilicsan oo dalxiiska ku wanaagsan sida dhulbaraha aduunka ee ekvatoria ama raskambooni meeshaas oo ah meel ay aduunkoo idil usoo dalxiis tagi karaan. Waxaa u sii dheer Soomaaliya in ay ku taalo dhul istraaji markii loo fiiriyo geopolitical, taas oo macnaheeda ah in ay soomaaliya isku xirri karto qaaradaha Afrika iyo aasiya iyo yurub. Waa dhul ku wanaagsan dhinac logistica oo ay noqon karto dhul beecmushtaraad. Ayadoo ilaahay soomaaliya siiyay nimcooyinkaas oo dhan hadana waxaad arkaysaa in ay soomaaliya tahay wadan faqri ah oo saboolnimo iyo macluul saameeyay oo wadamada asaakooda dawarsado iyagana dhexdooda islaaya. taasna waxaa sabab u ah damaca wadamada deriska iyo kuwa ku bahooway jaamacadda carabta iyo saliibiyiinta mareekanka iyo yurubta galbeed iyo barigaba iyo waliba doqonnimada siyaasiyiinta soomaaliyeed ee calooshood ushaqeestaha ah. Soomaalida waa inay ka feejignaadaan damacyada aan kor ku xusay. waana in ay heshiiyaan dhexdooda kitaabka ilaahay iyo sunnadda rasuulkana ay qaataan. Dhibaatada soomaaliya hayso waxaa sabab u ah ka fognaashaha diinta samaaxadda badan sababtoo ah ilaahay wuxuu leeyahay “maan aheen kuwa halaago magaalooyinka ilaa ay ehelkooda daalimiin yihiin” sidaas daraateeda waxaa cad in ay tahay Soomaaliya wadamada ugu dulmiga iyo tafriqadda ama kala sooco badan oo ay ku dambayso reer qurac iyo reer qansax. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Non-Aligned Movement / Dhaqdhaqaaq aan la xoojin]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Comesa]] == Xigasho == [https://web.archive.org/web/20140225004755/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/242/somalia_report_2012.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha Soomaaliya 2012: Awood-siinta Dhallinyarada Nabadda iyo Horumarka"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515090635/http://www.meattradenewsdaily.co.uk/news/230810/australia___the_gulf_demand_for_australian_sheep_and_lamb.aspx "Australia - The Arab countries demand Australian sheep and lamb"] [http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-04-30-somalia-livestock "Meesha Soomaaliya ay ka tahay boqorka adduunka, idaha iyo riyaha ayaa mucjisooyin ka sameynaya dalka ay dagaalladu aafeeyeen"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112218/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/article_print.php?article=4693 "Madaxda Afrikaanka ah - Soomaaliya: Adkeysiga Dadka"] [http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Uranium-ka Bonanza ee muddada dheer la iloobay ayaa dib loo helay, Kilimanjaro wuxuu daaha ka qaaday Hindisaha Sahaminta Yuraaniyaamta Soomaaliya"] [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Farole_returns_to_Puntland.shtml Madaxweyne Faroole oo dib ugu laabtay Puntland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Farole_returns_to_Puntland.shtml |date=20131017121255 }} [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true "GDP (US$ hadda) - Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250121032421 }}//World bank [https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204521/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204521/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250120204521 }} "GDP per capita (US$ hadda) - Soomaaliya"] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 "GDP, PPP (current international $) - Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 |date=20250120205039 }}//World bank. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204516/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204516/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 |date=20250120204516 }} "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Somalia"] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true "GDP growth (annual %) - Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250122023600 }} [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/aviation-and-transport/2015/02/17/Regional-airlines-merge-as-Somali-airspace-draws-competition.html Shirkado diyaaradeed oo heer gobol ah oo isku biiray xilli hawada Soomaaliya uu tartan ka socdo] {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya]] hbb6z6f6k4fba505elmbe8syxvqbsq3 Namibiya 0 3690 312257 311625 2026-11-11T05:47:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Namibia | common_name = Namibia | native_name = {{small|{{Name in various languages | name = {{nobold|''(luqadaha qaranka)''}} | af = {{lang|af|Republiek van Namibië}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Afrikaans.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225105003/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Afrikaans.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> | de = {{lang|de|Republik Namibia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_German.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, German|publisher=[[Government of Namibia]]|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009105727/https://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_German.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | naq = {{lang|naq|Republiki Namibiab dib}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Nama.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104943/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Nama.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> | kj = {{lang|kj|Orepublika yaNamibia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baslerafrika.ch/wp-content/uploads/Neuerwerbungsliste-2013.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301124906/http://baslerafrika.ch/wp-content/uploads/Neuerwerbungsliste-2013.pdf|archive-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> | hz = {{lang|hz|Orepublika yaNamibia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Herero.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016}} {{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | kwn = {{lang|kwn|Republika zaNamibia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Rukwangali.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104955/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Rukwangali.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> | tn = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Namibia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Setswana.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Setswana|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225105008/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Setswana.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> | loz = {{lang|loz| Namibia ye Lukuluhile}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Lozi.pdf|title=Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi|publisher=Government of Namibia|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225104949/http://209.88.21.36/opencms/export/sites/default/grnnet/MLRR/DocArchive/Land-Reform/Communal_Land_Reform_Act_Lozi.pdf|archive-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> }}}} | image_flag = Flag of Namibia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Namibia.svg | national_motto = "Midnimo, Xorriyo, Caddaalad" | national_anthem = "[[Namibia, Land of the Brave]]" | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Namibia (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji golaha|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Windhoek]] | coordinates = {{Coord|22|34|S|17|5|E|type:city_region:NA}} | largest_city = caasimadda | official_languages = [[English language|Ingiriisi]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Namibia - The World Factbook | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110010829/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 January 2021 | access-date=2025-08-04 | website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> | national_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Afrikaans]] |[[German language in Namibia|Jarmal]] |[[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoegowab]] |[[Owambo language|Oshiwambo]] |[[Herero language|Otjiherero]] |[[Kwangali language|RuKwangali]] |[[Tswana language|Setswana]] |[[Lozi language|siLozi]] }} | regional_languages = {{unbulleted list | [[ǃKung languages|ǃKung]] | [[Gciriku language|Gciriku]] | [[Mbukushu language|Thimbukushu]] }} | ethnic_groups = {{ unbulleted list | 93.2% [[Demographics of Namibia|U dhashay Afrika]]{{efn-ua|Waxaa ku jira dhammaan kooxaha qowmiyadeed ee u dhashay Afrika}} | 3.6% [[Coloured people in Namibia|Midabka leh]] iyo [[Basters]] | 1.8% [[White Namibians|Caddaan]] | 1.4% [[Asian people|Aasiyaan]] / kuwa kale }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="Census2023">{{cite web|url=https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf|title=Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report|publisher=Namibia Statistics Agency|access-date=2024-10-30|pages=90–91|archive-date=10 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf}}</ref> | religion = {{unbulleted list |{{Tree list}} * 87.9% [[Christianity in Namibia|Masiixiyad]] ** 43.7% [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia|Luuteriyan]] ** 22.8% [[Catholic Church in Namibia|Kaatoolig]] ** 17.0% [[Diocese of Namibia|Anglikan]] ** 4.4% [[List of Christian denominations|Masiixiyiinta]] kale {{Tree list/end}} |10.5% kuwa kale |1.6% [[Irreligion|diin laawayaal]]}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = <ref name=":3">{{citation-attribution|{{cite web|title=Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2013|publisher=[[Ministry of Health and Social Services (Namibia)|Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services]] and ICF International|date=September 2014|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR298/FR298.pdf|access-date=5 July 2021|pages=29–30|archive-date=18 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618173209/https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR298/FR298.pdf|url-status=live}}}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Kaliya dadka da'doodu u dhaxayso 15 iyo 49 sanno ayaa la baadhay.}} | demonym = [[Demographics of Namibia|Reer Namibia]] | government_type = Jamhuuriyad badh-madaxtooyo oo midaysan<ref name="Dual" />{{update inline|date=December 2025}} | leader_title1 = [[President of Namibia|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Namibia|Madaxweyne Ku-xigeen]] | leader_name2 = [[Lucia Witbooi]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Namibia|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name3 = [[Elijah Ngurare]] | leader_title4 = [[Deputy-Prime Minister of Namibia|Ra'iisul Wasaare Ku-xigeen]] | leader_name4 = Bannaan | leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice of Namibia|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Peter Shivute]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Namibia|Baarlamaan]] | upper_house = [[National Council (Namibia)|Golaha Qaranka]] | lower_house = [[National Assembly (Namibia)|Aqlaka Qaranka]] | sovereignty_type = Madaxbannaanida ka qaadatay [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | established_event1 = [[Constitution of Namibia|Dastuurka]] | established_date1 = 9 February 1990 | established_event2 = [[Namibian War of Independence|Madaxbannaanida]] | established_date2 = 21 March 1990 | area_km2 = 825,615 | area_rank = 34aad | area_sq_mi = 318,696 | percent_water = Aad u yar | population_census = {{increase neutral}} 3,022,401<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/namibia-population/|title=Namibia Population (2025)|website=Worldometer}}</ref><ref name="Census2023"/> | population_census_year = 2025 | population_census_rank = 136aad | population_density_km2 = 3.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 1.4 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $37.73 bilyan<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 145aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $12,370<ref name="auto1"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 117aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.21 bilyan<ref name="auto1"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,660<ref name="auto1"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 120aad | Gini = 59.1 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=NA|title=GINI index (World Bank estimate)|publisher=World Bank|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328164913/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=NA|url-status=live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.665 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = kor u kac | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 136aad | currency = [[Namibian dollar]] <br /> (NAD) <br /> [[South African rand]] (ZAR) | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | calling_code = [[+264]] | cctld = [[.na]] | footnote_a = | today = }} '''Namibia''',{{efn-ua|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Namibia.ogg|n|ə|.|ˈ|m|ɪ|.|b|i|.|ə}},<ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Roach|first=Peter|year=2011|title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary|edition=18th|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-15253-2}}</ref> {{respell|nə|MIH|bee|ə}}}} si rasmiga ahna loo yidhaahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Namibia''', waa dal ku yaal [[Southern Africa|Koonfurta Afrika]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/namibia|title=Namibia|website=sahistory.org.za|date=4 March 2025}}</ref> Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantigga]] dhanka galbeed, [[Angola]] iyo [[Zambia]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Botswana]] dhanka bari iyo [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] dhanka koonfur; dhanka waqooyi-bari, marka loo dhowaado [[quadripoint|isgoyska afar-geesoodka ah]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.info-namibia.com/info/namibias-geography|title=Namibias Geography|website=info-namibia.com|date=4 March 2025|access-date=1 Bisha Todobaad 2026|archive-date=1 Bisha Todobaad 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701170730/https://www.info-namibia.com/info/namibias-geography|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Zimbabwe]] waxay u jirtaa wax ka yar 200 oo mitir (660 cagood) oo raacda wabiga [[Zambezi]] u dhow [[Kazungula]], Zambia. Caasimadda Namibia iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa [[Windhoek]]. Namibia waa dalka ugu qallalan gobolka [[sub-Saharan Africa|Afrikada ka hooseysa Saxaraha]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/23/world/africa/namibia-eye-on-country-profile/index.html|title=Namibia country profile: moving on from a difficult past|author=Peter Shadbolt|publisher=CNN|date=24 October 2012|access-date=3 June 2018|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220120821/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/23/world/africa/namibia-eye-on-country-profile/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> waxaana tan iyo xilliyadii taariikhda ka horreysay deganaa [[Khoekhoe|Khoi]], [[San people|San]], [[Damara people|Damara]] iyo [[Nama people]]. Qiyaastii qarnigii 14aad, [[immigration|soo-galooti]] [[Bantu peoples|dadka Bantu-ga ah]] ayaa yimid qayb ka mid ah [[Bantu expansion|ballaarintii Bantu-ga]]. Labaadkii 1600 [[Owambo people#History|dadka Owambo]] waxay sameysteen boqortooyooyin, sida [[Ondonga]] iyo [[Oukwanyama]].<ref name="Frieda 1991">{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Frieda-Nela |url=https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf |title=Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A history of Owambo Kingdoms 1600-1920 |publisher=National Archives of Namibia |year=1991 |access-date=2024-03-07 |archive-date=2024-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307225349/https://www.namibiadigitalrepository.com/files/original/e98ba4fc1c8f59083fee9dc64a32083e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Sannadkii 1884, [[German Empire|Boqortooyadii Jarmalka]] ayaa aasaastay maamul ku saabsan inta badan dhulkaas, iyadoo samaysay gumeysi loo yaqaanno [[German South West Africa|Koonfur-galbeed Afrika ee Jarmalka]]. Intii u dhaxeysay 1904-08, ciidamada Jarmalka waxay qaadeen olole ciqaab ah oo ka dhan ah [[Herero people|dadka Herero]] iyo Nama kaas oo isu beddelay [[Herero and Nama genocide|Xasuuqii ugu horreeyay]] ee qarnigii 20aad. Maamulkii Jarmalka wuxuu dhammaaday xilligii Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ka dib markii sannadkii 1915 ay jabiyeen ciidamada [[Union of South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Sannadkii 2021, dibloomaasiyiin Jarmal iyo Namibian ah ayaa abuuray "heshiis dib-u-heshiisiin" oo lagu qirayo xadgudubyadii xilligii gumeysiga Jarmalka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rogers |first=Thomas |date=2023-03-09 |title=The Long Shadow of German Colonialism |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/03/09/the-long-shadow-of-german-colonialism-thomas-rogers/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=The New York Review of Books |language=en |volume=70 |issue=4 |issn=0028-7504}}</ref> Sannadkii 1920 [[League of Nations|Ururkii Qaramada]] ayaa maamulka gumeysiga u [[League of Nations mandate|wakiishay]] Koonfur Afrika. [[National Party (South Africa)|Xisbiga Qaranka]], oo loo doortay awoodda sannadkii 1948 gudaha Koonfur Afrika, wuxuu nidaamka [[apartheid|midab-kala-sooca]] ku dabaqay dhulkii markaas loo yaqaannay [[South West Africa|Koonfur-galbeed Afrika]]. Kacdoonno iyo dalabaadyo ku saabsan matalaad siyaasadeed ayaa keenay in [[United Nations|Qaramada Midoobay]] ay si toos ah ula wareegto mas'uuliyadda dhulkaas sannadkii 1966, laakiin Koonfur Afrika waxay sii haysatay maamulka {{lang|la|de facto}} ilaa 1973. Sannadkaas Qaramada Midoobay waxay u aqoonsatay ''South West Africa People's Organisation'', [[SWAPO]], inuu yahay matalaha rasmiga ah ee dadka Namibia. Namibia waxay madaxbannaani ka qaadatay Koonfur Afrika bishii Maarso 1990, ka dib [[South African Border War|Dagaalkii Xudduudaha Koonfur Afrika]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Walvis Bay]] iyo [[Penguin Islands]] waxay ku sii jireen gacanta Koonfur Afrika ilaa 1994. Namibia waa [[parliamentary democracy|demoqraadiyad baarlamani ah]]. Beeraha, [[Tourism in Namibia|dalxiiska]] iyo [[Mining in Namibia|wersshadaha macdanta]] – oo ay ku jiraan soo saarista dheemanka, [[Uranium mining|yuuraaniyamka]], [[Gold mining|dahabka]], [[Silver mining|lacagta]] iyo [[base metal|macatidda kale]] – waxay aasaas u yihiin [[Economy of Namibia|dhaqaalaheeda]], halka qaybta wersshadaha wax-soo-saarka ay tahay mid yar marka loo barbardhigo. In kasta oo uu jiro kor u kac weyn oo xagga [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]-ga ah tan iyo markii ay madaxbannaanida heshay,<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=NA|access-date=3 April 2024|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403153207/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=NA|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Poverty in Namibia|saboolnimada]] iyo [[Wealth inequality|sinnaan la'aanta hantida]] ayay weli yihiin kuwo muuqda. 41% dadka waxaa saameeyay [[Multidimensional Poverty Index|saboolnimo dhinacyo badan leh]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|year=2023|title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023|url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/NAM.pdf|access-date=3 April 2024|publisher=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313135944/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/NAM.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> in ka badan 400,000 oo qofna waxay ku nool yihiin [[informal housing|guryo ku-meel-gaar ah]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 March 2021|title=Namibia's ghetto life: Half million live in shacks countrywide – The Namibian|work=The Namibian |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/203451/archive-read/Namibias-ghetto-life-Half-million-live-in-shacks-countrywide|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312183127/https://www.namibian.com.na/203451/archive-read/Namibias-ghetto-life-Half-million-live-in-shacks-countrywide}}</ref> [[Income disparity|Farqiga dakhliga]] waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka iyada oo uu jiro [[Gini coefficient|koofishanka Gini]] oo ahaa 59 sannadkii 2015.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-NA&most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=3 April 2024|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403153208/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-NA&most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin dad gaadhaya 3.1 milyan oo qof, Namibia waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu [[List of countries and territories by population density|dadka yar marka loo eego baaxadda dhulka]] adduunka. Tan iyo dhammaadkii [[Cold War|Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]], waxay soo jiidatay soo-galooti caan ah oo ka yimid Jarmalka, Angola, iyo Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration to Namibia 1990-2017 |url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/migration-to-namibia-1990-2017/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Worldmapper |language=en}}</ref> Namibia waa xubin ka tirsan [[United Nations|Qaramada Midoobay]], [[Southern African Development Community|Ururka Horumarinta Koonfurta Afrika]], [[African Union|Midowga Afrika]] iyo Barwaaqosooranka. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] poof26i8tnv7m4n0yfprfi7hhi4zke0 Xisbiga Kulmiye 0 3775 312286 296909 2026-11-11T09:40:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | country = Somalia | party_name = Xisbiga Kulmiye</br>Peace, Unity, and Development Party | logo = | chairman = Muse Bihi Abdi | founder = [[Siilaanyo|Ahmed Mohamed Silanyo]] |leader1_title = Madaxweynaha Somaliland |leader1_name = Siilaanyo |leader2_title = Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland |leader2_name = Cabdirahman Saylici | ideology = Xisbi xornimo<ref>{{cite web|title=ALN Member Parties|url=http://www.africaliberalnetwork.org/member-parties/|publisher=Africa Liberal Network|accessdate=26 October 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026203838/http://www.africaliberalnetwork.org/member-parties/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>[[Democratic socialism]]<br>[[Social democracy]] | international = ''Ma lahan'' | affiliation1_title = Xidhiidh la leh | affiliation1 = Africa Liberal Network ''(ilaaliye)'' | position = Badhtame-bidix | headquarters = [[Hargeysa]] | seats1_title = [[Baarlamaanka Somaliland]] | seats1 = {{Composition bar|28|82|hex=#FFFF00}} | colorcode = huruud | website = {{URL|www.kulmiye.com}} }} [[File:Musabehi123.jpg||thumb|right|300px]] '''Xisbiga Kulmiye Nabad, Midnimo iyo Horumarka''' ({{lang-en|Peace, Unity and Development Party}}, {{lang-ar|حزب التضامن}}), loo soo gaabiyo '''Kulmiye''', waa [[xisbi siyaasad]]eedka haya talada dalka [[Somaliland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=2014-01-19|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ==Hordhac== [[File:Smd kulmiye1.gif|thumb|calanka kulmiye]] Kulmiye waa mid kamida xisbiyada siyaasadeedee [[Somaliland]]. == Taariikh== Kulmiye waa xisbi siyaasi waddani ah oo la asaasay bishii May ee sannadkii 2002. Ujeeddadiisuna tahay sidii [[Somaliland]] ay u gaadhi lahayd himilooyinkeeda ay ka midka yihiin inay ka mid noqoto [[dunida]] xorta ah ee dimoqraadiga ah. Xisbiga KULMIYE bishii Diisambar ee 2002 ayuu ku guulaystay kaalinta labaad ee tartankii doorashooyinkii degaamda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] taasoo uu kaga mid noqday saddexda xisbi ee qaran ee sharciga ah. Ujeedooyinka ururkani Waa qaar si dhab ah uga turjumaya himilooyinka dadweynaha reer Somaalilaand higsanayo (aspirations of the people of Somaliland), kuwaas oo salka ku haya taariikhda halgamadii dheeraa ee loo soo maray xornimada dalka, hadday tahay tii isticmaarka la iskaga xoreeyey, iyo hadday tahay halgankii qadhaadhaa ee lala galay taliskii Maxamed Siyaad Barre, halgankaas oo midhihiisu yihiin xasilloonida iyo degenaashaha aynu maanta hadhsanayno iyo ictiraafka iyo horumarka aynu ku taamayno marka la barbar dhigo qalalaasaha ka taagan wixii Soomaaliya la isku odhan jiray inteeda kale. Ka sokow dedaalka madaxda iyo xubnaha xisbigu u galeen dhismahiisa, waxa aan la iloobi karin taageerada balaadhan ee dhinacwalba leh ee xisbigu ka helay shacbiweynaha Somaliland taas oo xisbiga KULMIYE muddo gaaban u suurto gelisay inuu gaadho guulo waawayn isuna keeno waxgaradka iyo maskaxda reer Somaliland ee dhamaantood isku aragtida ka ah baahida loo qabo dimoqraadiyad iyo horumar in dalkan la gaadhsiiyo. Xisbiga KULMIYE si u taaba geliyo hanka shacbiga reer Somaliland waxa lagama maarmaan ah inuu helo taageradooda oo aan kala go’ lahayn gaar ahaan wakhtigan xasaasiga ah oo dalku marayo marxalad aad u adag oo aanuu ku sii soconkarin nidaamka ay maanta u xisbiga kulmiye wuxuu ku guulaystey inuu qabto hogaanka dalka sandkii 2010 kii isagoo helay 50% codki la dhiibtay yadoo uu hogaanka qabtay mudane axmed maxamed maxamuud siilanyo ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] *[[Taariikhda Somaliland]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== *[http://www.kulmiye.org Xisbiga KULMIYE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kulmiye.org/ |date=20181018043944 }} * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Political Parties] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Somaliland]] snxtd884u7m0ywajl2yllf82nop101a Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Soomaaliyeed 0 3877 312285 296908 2026-11-11T09:40:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political party | colorcode = {{Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed/meta/midab}} | party_name = Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Soomaaliyeed</br><small>Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party</small> | native_name = {{lang-ar|الحزب الاشتراكي الثوري الصومالي}} | party_logo = Emblem of Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party.svg | leader1_title = Xoghayaha Guud | leader1_name = [[Siyaad Barre]] | foundation = {{Start date|1976}} | dissolution = {{End date|1991}} | headquarters = [[Muqdisho]] | membership_year = 1990 | membership = 20,000 | ideology = {{nowrap|[[Soomaaliweyn]]<br>[[Islam|Bulsho diineed]]<br>[[Shuuciyad|Marxism-Leninism]]}} | colours = {{Color box|{{Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|#77B5FE|border=darkgray}} [[Casaan]], [[cirdhow]] | country = Somalia }} '''Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Soomaaliyeed''' ({{lang-en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}}, '''XHS'''; {{lang-ar|الحزب الاشتراكي الثوري الصومالي}}, ''Al-Hizb Al-Ishtiraki At-Thawri As-Sumal'') (XHKS) [[1976]] - [[1991]] waa xisbigii talada wadanka Soomaaliya hayay mudadii ugu dheerayd oo taxane ahayd 21 sano. XHKS waxaa uu ka koobnaa Gollaha Sare ee Hantiwadaagga, Gollaha Dhexe iyo Ururada Bulshada oo laga dooran jiray dhamaan 18 gobolka ee Soomaaliya. == Taariikhdii XHS == [[File:Xhksposter1.JPG|thumb|]] XHKS dadka qaar waxay faaladooda ku qoraan in wixii ka dambeeyay qaxii caasimada Muqdisho laga qaxay horaantii sanadkii 1991 inuu dhowr jeer xuubsiibtay isaga xiligaas ka horna soo maray magacyo kale sida Xisbiga Midowga Mareexaan ama Marehan Union iyada oo xaqiiqdii XHKS ay ku jireen dad ka soo jeeda dhamaan xubnaha ama qabaa'ilada Soomaaliyeed. Xisbyada kale ee mideeyay ummada waxaa ka mid ahaa xisbigii SYL oo doorashaddii labaad ee madaxwaynimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya sanadkii 1967 uu lahaa musharax ka soo jeeda gobol walba iyo degma walba oo wadanka Soomaaliya ku taal. == Taliskii XHS == XHKS markii uu talada wadanka la wareegay sanadkii 1969, waxaa isla markiiba la dhisay golle ka kooban hal xisbi. Sidaas ayuuna ku soo ifbaxay XHKS. Dhamaan madaxdii wadanka, 1974 markii la bedelay dastuurka qaranka ilaa burburkii 1991, waxay ka tirsanaayeen oo ahaayeen xubno XHKS. Doorashooyinkii 1960 iyo 1967 waxaa kuraastii oo dhan kala qaatay dhowr xisbi oo kala ahaa SYL, Hisbiya D. M. (mucaarad ku ahaa in xoriyad la helo-garabsar Talyaaniga), Marehan Union, SNL iyo USC labo garab oo qabiilada waaweyn ee waqooyiga ku salaysan. ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] ki63ukxqmd3o17360fxuirr3ahybh5e Islofaakiya 0 3923 312238 296757 2026-11-11T03:40:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Slovak Republic |native_name = {{native name|sk|Slovenská republika}} |common_name = Slovakia |image_flag = Flag of Slovakia.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg |image_map = EU-Slovakia.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Slovakia.svg}} |image_map2=Slovakia in the world (W3).svg |map_caption2=Location of Slovakia in the World |national_anthem = "{{lang|sk|[[Nad Tatrou sa blýska]]}}"<br />{{raise|0.1em|{{small|"Lightning Over the Tatras"}}}}<br />[[File:Nad Tatrou sa blýska.ogg|center]] |official_languages = [[Slovak language|Slovak]] |demonym = [[Slovaks|Slovak]] |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |80.7% [[Slovaks]] |8.5% [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Hungarians]] |2.0% [[Roma in Slovakia|Roma]] |0.6% [[Czechs]] |0.6% [[Rusyns]] |0.1% [[Ukrainians]] |0.1% [[Germans]] |0.1% [[Poles]] |0.1% [[Moravians]] |7.2% unspecified }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/wcm/connect/1f62189f-cc70-454d-9eab-17bdf5e1dc4a/Tab_10_Obyvatelstvo_SR_podla_narodnosti_scitanie_2011_2001_1991.pdf?MOD=AJPERES |title=Tab. 10 Obyvateľstvo SR podľa národnosti – sčítanie 2011, 2001, 1991 |publisher=Portal.statistics.sk |accessdate=21 February 2016 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=5 Bisha Saddexaad 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121029/https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/wcm/connect/1f62189f-cc70-454d-9eab-17bdf5e1dc4a/Tab_10_Obyvatelstvo_SR_podla_narodnosti_scitanie_2011_2001_1991.pdf?MOD=AJPERES |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |capital = [[Bratislava]] |coordinates = {{Coord|48|09|N|17|07|E|type:city}} |largest_city = capital |government_type =[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[President of Slovakia|madaxweynaha]] |leader_name1 = [[ Zuzana Čaputová ]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Slovakia|raisulwasaraha]] |leader_name2 = [[ Robert Fico ]] |legislature = [[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council]] |area_rank =127th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 49,035 <!--http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html--> |area_sq_mi = 18,932 |percent_water = negligible |population_estimate = 5,435,343 {{increase}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/PortalTraffic/fileServlet?Dokument=205edf7a-6910-41a4-a5cd-1486b9582afa|title=Statistics|website=slovak.statistics.sk|access-date=2018-07-11|archive-date=2019-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523032002/https://slovak.statistics.sk/PortalTraffic/fileServlet?Dokument=205edf7a-6910-41a4-a5cd-1486b9582afa|url-status=dead}}</ref> |population_estimate_rank = 116th |population_estimate_year = 2016 |population_census = 5,397,036 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_census_rank = |population_density_km2 = 111 |population_density_sq_mi = 287 |population_density_rank = 88th |GDP_PPP = $191 billion<ref>http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=76&pr1.y=10&c=936&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2018 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,095 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =39th |GDP_nominal = $111 billion |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2018 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $20,508 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 40th |sovereignty_type = [[Xornimada qaatay]] |established_event1 = {{longitem|style=line-height:1.15em; |{{nowrap|from [[Austria–Hungary]]<br/>{{small|(as part of [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]])}}}}}} |established_date1 = 28 October 1918 |established_event2 = {{ill|autonomous Land of Slovakia|cs|Slovenská autonomní země}} {{small|(within [[Second Czechoslovak Republic]])}} |established_date2 = 23 November 1938 |established_event3 = [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|First Slovak Republic]] {{small|(client state of [[Nazi Germany]])}} |established_date3 = 14 March 1939 | established_event4 = [[Slovak Socialist Republic]] {{small|(within [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Czechoslovak Federation]])}} | established_date4 = 1 January 1969 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|Slovak Republic}} {{small|(change of name within [[Czech and Slovak Federal Republic|Czechoslovak Federation]])}} | established_date5 = 1 March 1990 |established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|from]] [[Czech and Slovak Federal Republic|Czechoslovakia]]}} |established_date6 = 1 January 1993<sup>a</sup> |established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[2004 enlargement of the European Union|Joined]] the [[European Union]]}} |established_date7 = 1 May 2004 |Gini_year = 2014 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 26.1 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=4 Bisha Saddexaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |Gini_rank =8th |HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.845 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = <ref name=HDI>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |title=2016 Human Development Report |date=21 March 2017 |accessdate=25 March 2017}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 40th |currency =Euro ([[Euro sign|€]])<sup>b</sup> |currency_code =EUR<sup>b</sup> |country_code = |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |drives_on = right |patron_saint = [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]]<br/>[[Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows|Our Lady of Sorrows]] |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Slovakia|+421]]<sup>c</sup> |cctld = [[.sk]] and [[.eu]] |footnote_a = [[Czechoslovakia]] split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia; see [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Velvet Divorce]]. |footnote_b = [[Slovak koruna]] before 2009. |footnote_c = Shared code 42 with Czech Republic until 1997. }} [[File:Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg|right|100px]] [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|right|200px|border]] [[File:EU location SVK.png|thumb|Islofaakiya]] Islofaakiya (Slovakia: Slovensko [slɔʋɛnskɔ] si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo Jamhuuriyadda Slovakia (Slovak: Slovenská republika, waa waddan ku yaal Bartamaha Yurub. Waxaa xuduud la leh [[Boland]] dhinaca waqooyi, Ukraine dhinaca bari, Jamhuuriyadda Czech dhinaca galbeedka, Hungary dhinaca koonfurta, iyo Awstaraal koonfur galbeed. Baaxada Dalka islofaakiya ayaa ayaa qiyaastii ah 49,000 kiilomitir oo isku wareeg ah (19,000 sq m) badana waa buuro dhulka islofaakiya . Dadku dalka islofaakiya waa in ka hadan 5.4 milyan inta badan waa slovak. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Bratislava, magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn waa Košice. Luuqadda rasmiga ah ee dalku waa Slovak. Slavs ayaa yimid dhulalka Slovakia qarniyadii 5aad iyo 6aad. Qarnigii 7aad, waxay door weyn ka ciyaarayeen abuuritaanka Boqortooyada Samo, qarnigii 9aadna waxay aasaaseen Mabaadi'da Nitra. Qarnigii 10aad, dhulku wuxuu ku biiray Boqortooyada Hungary. Ka dib Dagaalkii Dunida ka dib iyo burburinta Boqortooyadii Awstari-Hungari, Slovak iyo Czech waxay aasaaseen Czechoslovakia (1918-1939). Jamhuuriyadda Slovakia (1939-1945) ayaa ka jirey Dagaalkii Dunida II ee macaamiisha Nazi Jarmalka. Sanadkii 1945kii, Czechoslovakia dib ayaa loo dhisay waxaana hoosta ka ahaa xukunkii Communist noqday dayax-gacmeedka Soviet. Sannadkii 1989, xukunka Velvet wuxuu joojiyay xukunkii Communist ee Czechoslovakia. Slovakia waxay noqotay waddan madaxbannaan 1dii Janaayo 1993 ka dib markii si nabadgelyo ah looga furtay Czechoslovakia, mararka qaarkood loo yaqaano furfurnaanta foosha. Slovakia waa dhaqaalaha sare ee dakhliga sare leh Heer aad u sareeya ee Horumarinta Aadanaha, heer aad u sarreeya oo nool oo si fiican u qabta cabirrada xoriyada madaniga ah, xorriyadda saxaafadda, xoriyadda internetka, dimuquraadiyadda maamul iyo nabadgelyo. Wadanku wuxuu heystaa isku-dhafka dhaqaalaha suuqa oo leh nidaam ammaan oo dhameystiran. Muwaadiniinta Slovakia waxaa la siiyaa daryeel caafimaad oo caalami ah, waxbarasho bilaash ah iyo mid ka mid ah fasaxa hooyada ee ugu dheereeya ee OECD. Wadanku wuxuu ku biiray Midawga Yurub 2004 iyo Euro-da 1dii Janaayo 2009. Slovakia sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan Aagga Schengen, NATO, Qaramada Midoobay, OECD, WTO, CERN, OSCE, Golaha Europe iyo Kooxda Visegrád. In kastoo sinnaan la'aanta gobolka ee heerkeedu sareeyo, 90% muwaadiniinta ayaa leh guryahooda. '''Slofaakiya''' (sk: '''Slovensko''') waa wadan ku yaalo qaarada [[Yurub]]. * [[Bratislava]] * [[Mošovce]] * [[Roma (qaran)]] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101999765 The Danube—If Only It Could Talk!] {{Dalalka Yurub}} [[Category:Islofaakiya]] [[Category:Wadamada Yurub]] khjv8nifdx46hijqs0jc9e3ledod8ep Iiraan 0 4736 312236 311897 2026-11-11T03:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan | common_name = Iiraan | native_name = <templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/><span class="nobold">{{native name|fa|جمهوری اسلامی ایران|italics=off}}<br />{{transliteration|fa|Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân}}</span> | image_flag = Flag of Iran (official).svg | image_coat = Emblem of Iran.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert | symbol_type = Astaanta | national_motto = {{ubl | {{lang|ar|اَللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ}} | {{transliteration|ar|Allāhu ʾAkbar}} (''[[Takbiir]]'') | "[[Ilaah ee Islaamka|Ilaah]] baa Weyn" | (''[[de jure]]'') | {{lang|fa|استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی}} | {{transliteration|fa|Esteqlâl, Âzâdi, Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi}} | "Madaxbannaani, xorriyad, Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah" | (''[[de facto]]''){{sfn|Temperman|2010|p=87}} }} | national_anthem = {{lang|fa|مهر خاورan}}<br />''[[Mehr-e Khavaran|Mehr-e Khâvarân]]''<br />"Cadceedda Bari"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga]]}} | image_map = {{switcher|[[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Muuji globe-ka|[[File:Iran - Location Map (2013) - IRN - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Muuji khariidadda Iiraan}} | map_width = 250px | capital = [[Tehran]] | coordinates = {{#invoke:Coordinates|coord|35|41|N|51|25|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Tehran]] | official_languages = [[Af-Faarsi|Faarsi]] | languages2_type = Hejacaad gaar ah | demonym = [[Dadka Iiraan|Iiraani]] | government_type = Midaysan [[nidaamka madaxweynenimo|madaxweynenimo]] tayaquraadi ah [[Jamhuuriyad Islaami ah]] oo hoos timaada kalitalis [[authoritarianism|maamul adag]]{{efn|Awoodda kama dambaysta ah waxay u xilsaaran tahay [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|Hogaamiyaha Sare]], oo ah jago ka sarreysa Madaxweynaha.}} | leader_title1 = [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|Hogaamiyaha Sare]] | leader_name1 = ''[[Doorashada Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan 2026|Bannaan]]{{efn|[[Golaha Hogaaminta Ku-meel-gaarka ah]], oo ka kooban Madaxweyne Masoud Pezeshkian, Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]], iyo Ayatollah [[Alireza Arafi]], ayaa si ku-meel-gaar ah u gudan doona waajibaadka ilaa hogaamiye sare oo cusub laga [[Doorashada Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan 2026|dooranayo]].{{refn|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Motamedi|first=Maziar|date=2026-03-01|title=Iran forms interim council to oversee transition after Khamenei's killing|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/1/iran-to-form-interim-council-to-oversee-transition-after-khameneis-killing|access-date=2026-03-01|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reals|first=Tucker|last2=|first2=|last3=|first3=|last4=|last5=|first5=|last6=|first6=|last7=|first7=|last8=|first8=|last9=|first9=|date=2026-03-01|title=Iran names three men for interim Leadership Council to pick next supreme leader|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/us-iran-war-israel-supreme-leader-khamenei-funeral-day-2/|access-date=2026-03-01|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-us-attack-iran-trump-says-major-combat-operations/#post-update-a08fca3a</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/israel-us-attack-iran-trump-says-major-combat-operations/#post-update-7d54fc15</ref>}}}} | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweynaha Iiraan|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name2 = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] | leader_title3 = [[Madaxweyne kuxigeenka Iiraan|Madaxweyne kuxigeen]] | leader_name3 = [[Mohammad Reza Aref]] | leader_title4 = [[Liiska guddoomiyeyaasha Baarlamaanka Iiraan|Guddoomiyaha Golaha]] | leader_name4 = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] | leader_title5 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Iiraan|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i]] | legislature = [[Golaha La-talinta Islaamka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Iiraan|Abuuritaanka]] | established_event1 = [[Boqortooyadii Meediya]] | established_date1 = {{circa|678 CH}} | established_event2 = [[Boqortooyadii Akhaamenid]] | established_date2 = 550 CH | established_event3 = [[Boqortooyadii Paartiya]] | established_date3 = 247 CH | established_event4 = [[Boqortooyadii Sasaaniyiinta]] | established_date4 = 224 CD | established_event5 = [[Iranian Intermezzo]] | established_date5 = 821 | established_event6 = [[Safawi Iiraan]] | established_date6 = 22 Diseembar 1501 | established_event7 = [[Afshari Iiraan]] | established_date7 = 22 Janaayo 1736 | established_event8 = [[Zand Iiraan]] | established_date8 = 1751 | established_event9 = [[Qaajaari Iiraan]] | established_date9 = 20 Maarso 1794 | established_event10 = [[Kacaankii Dastuuriga ahaa ee Faaris|Kacaankii Dastuuriga]] | established_date10 = 12 Diseembar 1905 | established_event11 = [[Pahlavi Iiraan]] | established_date11 = 15 Diseembar 1925 | established_event12 = [[Kacaankii Iiraan]] | established_date12 = 11 Febraayo 1979 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Iiraan|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date13 = 3 Diseembar 1979 | established_event14 = [[Aafti-dastuurka Iiraan ee 1989|Wax ka badalida dastuurka]] | established_date14 = 28 Luulyo 1989 | area_km2 = 1,648,195 | area_rank = 17aad | area_sq_mi = 636,372 | percent_water = 1.63 (ilaa 2015)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |access-date=11 October 2020 |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 92,417,681<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/iran-population/ |title=Iran Population (2025) |website=Worldometer}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 17aad | population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 85961000/1648195 round 0}} | population_density_sq_mi = {{#expr: 85961000/636372 round 0}} | population_density_rank = 163aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1.879 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFWEO.IR">{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0)|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 Edition. (Iran) |website= |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=14 October 2025 |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 22aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $21,473<ref name="IMFWEO.IR" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 88aad | GDP_nominal = {{decrease}} $356.513 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.IR" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = 42aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $4,074<ref name="IMFWEO.IR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 132aad | Gini = 35.9 | Gini_year = 2023 | Gini_change = korodh | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |work=[[The World Factbook]] |access-date=24 September 2024 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison |url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.799 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = korodh | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 75aad | currency = [[Riyaalka Iiraan]] ({{nq|{{wikt-lang|fa|ریال}}}}) | currency_code = IRR | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Halbeegga ee Iiraan|IRST]] | utc_offset = +3:30 | calling_code = [[+98]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ir]] |[[.ir|ایران.]]}} | drives_on = midig }} '''Iiraan''', si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan''', laguna yaqaanay '''Faaris''', waa dal ku yaalla [[Galbeedka Aasiya]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Ciraaq]] dhanka galbeed, [[Turkiya]], [[Asarbayjan]], iyo [[Armeeniya]] dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, [[Badda Kasbiya]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Turkmenistaan]] dhanka waqooyi-bari, [[Afgaanistaan]] dhanka bari, [[Bakistaan]] dhanka koonfur-bari, iyo [[Gacanka Cumaan]] iyo [[Gacanka Faaris]] dhanka koonfureed. Iyadoo ay ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 92 milyan, Iiraan waxay fadhidaa kaalinta 17aad ee caalamka xagga [[Liiska dalalka marka loo eego bedka|baaxadda dhulka]] iyo [[Liiska dalalka marka loo eego dadka|tirada dadka]] waana [[Liiska dalalka Aasiya marka loo eego bedka|dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn]] Aasiya. Waxay u qaybsantaa [[Gobollada Iiraan|shan gobol]] oo ka kooban [[Gobollada Iiraan|31 gobol (provinces)]]. [[Tehran]] waa caasimadda qaranka, [[Liiska magaalooyinka Iiraan|magaalada ugu weyn]], iyo xarunta maaliyadda. Iiraan waa hoyga mid ka mid ah ilbaxnimooyinka ugu da'da weyn caalamka ee aan kala go'in, waxaana markii ugu horreysay la isugu keenay [[Boqortooyadii Meediya|dal]] ahaan [[Meediyiinta]] hoostooda qarnigii 7aad CH, waxayna gaartay baaxaddii ugu weyneyd qarnigii 6aad CH, markii [[Kuruska Weyn]] uu aasaasay [[Boqortooyadii Akhaamenid]]. [[Alesandarka Weyn]] ayaa qabsaday boqortooyada qarnigii 4aad CH. Kacdoon Iiraani ah oo dhacay qarnigii 3aad CH ayaa dhisay [[Boqortooyadii Paartiya]], taasoo markii dambe dalka xoreysay. Qarnigii 3aad CD, Paartiyadii waxaa beddelay [[Boqortooyadii Sasaaniyiinta]], taasoo horseedday xilli dahabi ah oo ka mid ah [[Taariikhda Iiraan|taariikhda ilbaxnimada Iiraan]]. Muddadaas, Iiraantii hore waxay aragtay horumarradii ugu horreeyay ee qoraalka, beeraha, magaalo-falka, diinta, iyo maamulka. Iiraan oo mar ahaan jirtay xarun [[Zoroastrianism|Soroastariyiinta]], waxay martay [[Islaaminta Iiraan|Islaamin]] ka dib [[Qabsashadii Faaris ee Muslimiinta|qabsashadii Muslimiinta ee qarnigii 7aad CD]]. Hal-abuurka [[Suugaanta Faaris]], [[Falsafadda Iiraan]], xisaabta, [[Daawada qadiimiga ah ee Iiraan|daawada]], xiddigiska iyo [[Farshaxanka Faaris]] ayaa dib u soo cusboonaaday xilligii [[Waayihii Dahabiga ahaa ee Islaamka]] iyo [[Iranian Intermezzo]], xilli ay [[Boqortooyooyinka Muslimiinta ee Iiraan|boqortooyooyinka Muslimiinta Iiraan]] soo afjareen xukunkii Carabta oo ay dib u soo nooleeyeen [[Af-Faarsi|luuqadda Faaris]]. Waxaa xilligan ku xigay xukunkii [[Boqortooyadii Saljuuqiyiinta]] iyo [[Boqortooyadii Khwaarismiyiinta]], [[Qabsashadii Mongol ee Faaris|qabsashadii Mongoliinta]] iyo [[Renaissance-ka Timuriyeed]] qarnigii 11aad ilaa 14aad. Qarnigii 16aad, [[Boqortooyadii Safawiyiinta]] ee u dhalatay dalka ayaa dib u dhistay dawlad Iiraani ah oo midaysan iyadoo [[Shiicada|Shiicada Laba-iyo-tobnaad]] ka dhigtay [[Diinta dawladda|diinta rasmiga ah]], taasoo dhigtay aasaaska dawladda casriga ah ee Iiraan. Xilligii [[Boqortooyadii Afshariyiinta]] ee qarnigii 18aad, Iiraan waxay ahayd quwad caalami ah oo hormuud ah, laakiin waxay lumisay maqaamkaas ka dib markii [[Qaajaariyiinta]] ay la wareegeen awoodda 1790-meeyadii. Bilowgii qarnigii 20aad waxaa dhacay [[Kacaankii Dastuuriga ahaa ee Faaris]] iyo dhismihii [[Boqortooyadii Pahlavi]] oo uu aasaasay [[Reza Shah]], kaasoo xilkii ka tuuray Shaahii ugu dambeeyay ee Qaajaariyiinta 1925-kii. Ka dib [[Qabsashadii Ingiriiska iyo Soofiyeeti ee Iiraan|duulaankii Ingiriiska iyo Soofiyeeti ee Iiraan 1941-kii]], wiilkiisa [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] ayaa xilka qabtay. Isku dayadii uu [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] ku doonayay inuu [[Qaramaynta warshadaha saliidda Iiraan|ku qarameeyo warshadaha saliidda]] waxay horseedday [[Inqilaabkii Iiraan ee 1953|inqilaabkii Ingiriis-Ameerika ee 1953-kii]]. [[Kacaankii Iiraan]] ee 1979-kii ayaa xilkii ka tuuray boqortooyada, waxaana la dhisay Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan oo uu hormuud ka ahaa [[Ruhollah Khomeini]], oo ahaa [[Hogaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan|hogaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee dalka]]. 1980-kii, [[Duulaankii Ciraaq ee Iiraan|Ciraaq ayaa soo weerartay Iiraan]], taasoo dhalisay [[Dagaalkii Iiraan iyo Ciraaq]] oo socday siddeed sano, kaasoo ku dhammaaday ismari-waa. Iiraan tan iyo markaas waxay ku lug lahayd [[dagaallo wakiilnimo]] ay la gashay [[Dagaalka wakiilnimo ee Iiraan iyo Israa'iil|Israa'iil]] iyo [[Dagaalka wakiilnimo ee Iiraan iyo Sacuudiga|Sacuudi Carabiya]]; bishii Juun 2025, duqeymaha Israa'iil ee Iiraan waxay kiciyeen xiisado horseeday [[Dagaalkii Laba-iyo-tobanka Maalmood]]. Dagaalkaas ka dib iyo iyadoo ay jirto [[Xiisadda dhaqaale ee Iiraan|xiisad dhaqaale oo sii kordhaysa]], waxaa dhici karta in [[Dibadbaxyada Iiraan ee 2025–2026|dibadbaxyadii ugu weynaa tan iyo 1979-kii]] ay dillaaceen dhammaadkii Diseembar 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=As protests surge, the Iranian regime's options are narrowing |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2026/01/09/as-protests-surge-the-iranian-regimes-options-are-narrowing |url-access=limited |access-date=9 January 2026 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=9 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Doucet |first1=Lyse |title=Iran's rulers face biggest challenge since 1979 revolution |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ve572edzqo |website=BBC |access-date=12 January 2026 |quote=Iran's rulers are confronting their most serious challenge since their own 1979 revolution.}}</ref> [[Maraykanka]] iyo [[Israa'iil]] ayaa bilaabay [[Isqabqabsiga Iiraan ee 2026|weerar weyn oo ka dhanka ah Iiraan]] iyagoo ujeedkeedu yahay [[beddelidda nidaamka]] dhammaadkii Febraayo 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|author-link=David E. Sanger|date=February 28, 2026|title=For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/28/us/politics/trump-iran-attack.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=March 1, 2026}}</ref> Dawladda Iiraan waa [[Tayaquraadiyad Islaami ah]]{{efn|Iiraan waxaa lagu tilmaamay "jamhuuriyad tayaquraadi ah".}} oo ay maamulaan hay'ado la doortay iyo kuwo aan la dooran, iyadoo awoodda kama dambaysta ah ay u xilsaaran tahay hogaamiyaha sare. In kasta oo ay [[Doorashooyinka Iiraan|qabato doorashooyin]], xafiisyada muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan madaxa dawladda iyo milatariga, ma khuseeyaan codka dadweynaha. Dawladda Iiraan waa [[authoritarianism|maamul kalitalis ah]] kaas oo si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay caalamka sababo la xiriira [[Xuquuqda aadanaha ee Iiraan|diiwaankeeda liita ee xuquuqda aadanaha]], oo ay ka mid yihiin xayiraadaha saaran [[xorriyadda isu-uimaatinka]], [[Xorriyadda hadalka ee Iiraan|hadalka]], iyo [[Warbaahinta Iiraan|saxaafadda]], iyo sidoo kale [[Xuquuqda dumarka ee Iiraan|la dhaqanka haweenka]], [[Laga tirada badan yahay ee Iiraan|dadka laga tirada badan yahay]], iyo [[Maxaabiista siyaasadeed ee Iiraan|mucaaradka siyaasadeed]]. Kormeerayaasha caalamiga ah ayaa walaac ka muujiyay caddaaladda geeddi-socodka doorashooyinka, gaar ahaan hubinta murashaxiinta ee hay'adaha aan la dooran sida [[Golaha Ilaalada]]. Iiraan waxay leedahay [[Dhaqaalaha dhexe|dhaqaale qorshaysan]] oo leh [[Shirkadaha dawladda|lahaanshaha dawladeed]] oo weyn qaybaha muhiimka ah, inkasta oo [[Ganacsiga gaarka ah|ganacsiga gaarka ahi]] uu garab jiro. Waa [[quwad dhexdhexaad ah]], sababtoo ah kaydka weyn ee [[shidaalka]] (oo ay ku jirto adduunka labaad ee ugu weyn [[Gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Iiraan|gaaska dabiiciga ah]] iyo [[Liiska dalalka ee kaydka saliidda|kaalinta saddexaad ee kaydka saliidda ee la hubo]]), meesha ay ku taallo oo muhiim u ah juquraafi-siyaasadeedka, iyo doorkeeda xarun caalami ah ee [[Shiicada]]. Iiraan waa dal leh [[Nuclear latency|aqoonta nukliyeerka]] oo leh [[Barnaamijka nukliyeerka ee Iiraan|mid ka mid ah barnaamijyada nukliyeerka ee loogu baadhista badan yahay]], kaas oo ay sheegtay inuu yahay uun ujeeddooyin madani ah; hase yeeshee, [[IAEA]], oo ah hay'ad ka tirsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]] (QM) oo loo xilsaaray la socodka soo saarista [[hubka nukliyeerka]], ayaa laba jeer ogaatay in Iiraan aysan u hoggaansamin waajibaadkeeda ilaalinta.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kerr |first1=Paul |title=Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |url=https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R40094 |publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=12 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Claire |last2=Curtis |first2=John |title=Israel-Iran 2025: Developments in Iran's nuclear programme and military action |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10284/ |website=House of Commons Library |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=12 January 2026 |quote =In June 2025, the IAEA Board of Governors adopted a resolution which, for the first time since 2005, formally found Iran to be non-compliant with its nuclear safeguards obligations }}</ref> Waa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan QM iyo [[Xiriirka dibadda ee Iiraan|xubin ka tirsan ururro badan oo caalami ah]]. Iiraan waxay leedahay 29 goobood oo ah [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Iiraan|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] (kaalinta 10aad ee adduunka) waxayna fadhidaa kaalinta 4aad ee [[dhaxalka dhaqanka ee aan la taaban karin]] ama hantida aadanaha. == Taariikhda == {{Main|Taariikhda Iiraan}} === Taariikh ka hor === {{Main|Prehistory of Iran}} Joogitaanka ugu horreeya ee bani'aadamka ee Iiraan la yaqaan waxay ku beegan tahay qiyaastii 800,000 oo sano ka hor, xilligii [[Middle Paleolithic]].<ref name="bishi">Biglari, F. and Shidrang, S., (2006) The Lower Paleolithic Occupation of Iran, Near Eastern Archeology 69 (3–4): 160-168</ref> Goobo badan oo [[Middle Paleolithic]] ah ayaa la helay, badanaaba [[Buuraha Sagros]] ee galbeedka Iiraan iyo qaar ka mid ah goobaha la xiriira [[Neanderthal]]-ka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Biglari |first1=Fereidoun |last2=Shidrang |first2=Sonia |year=2019 |title=Rescuing the Paleolithic Heritage of Hawraman, Kurdistan, Iranian Zagros |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706536 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=226–235 |doi=10.1086/706536 |s2cid=212851965 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>J.D. Vigne, J. Peters and D. Helmer, ''First Steps of Animal Domestication'', Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology, Durham, August 2002, {{ISBN|1-84217-121-6}}</ref> [[Dhaqankii Sarsiyaan]] ayaa laga diwaangeliyey Iiraan xilligii [[Epipaleolithic]] (25,000–11,500 sano ka hor).<ref>Deborah I. Olszewski: "The Zarzian in the Context of the Epipaleolithic Middle East", in: ''Humanities'' 19 (2012) 1-20, page 2.</ref> Beeruhu waxay markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqdeen Iiraan qiyaastii 12,000 oo sano ka hor oo ay weheliyaan degsiimooyin si fiican loo diwaangeliyey ee [[Fertile Crescent]]. Goobta [[Chogha Golan]] waxay ka muuqatay beerashadii ugu horreysay ee qamadiga [[emmer]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Early humans in Iran were growing wheat 12,000 years ago |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/early-humans-iran-were-growing-wheat-12-000-years-ago-f6C10536898 |publisher=NBC News |date=4 July 2013 |language=en}}</ref> Goobta casriga ah ee [[Ganj Dareh]] waxay sidoo kale ka muuqataa dhaqashada ugu horreysay ee la yaqaan ee [[riyo|riyaha]] qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Initial Domestication of Goats (''Capra hircus'') in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 Years Ago |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-03-24_287_5461/page/2254 |journal=Science |bibcode=2000Sci...287.2254Z |last1=Zeder |first1=Melinda A. |last2=Hesse |first2=Brian |year=2000 |volume=287 |issue=5461 |pages=2254–2257 |doi=10.1126/science.287.5461.2254 |pmid=10731145}}</ref> Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Susa]], oo noqon lahayd caasimadda [[Elam]] ka dibna caasimadda boqortooyadii Akhaamenid, ayaa markii ugu horreysay la degay 4400–4200 CH, waxayna ku dhowdahay goobta casriga ah ee [[Shush, Iiraan]].<ref name="Elam">{{cite book |title=The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State |url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofela0000prof |first=D. T. |last=Potts |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-56358-5}}</ref>{{rp|46–47}}<ref>{{cite web |title=SUSA |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/susa-parent/?highlight=Susa |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref> [[Dhaqankii Kura–Araxes]] ({{circa|3400|2000 CH}}) wuxuu ka jiray waqooyi-galbeed Iiraan iyo [[Kawkas]].<ref name="books.google.nl2">{{cite book |last=Kushnareva |first=K. Kh. |title=The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1PNO7urjHQC&pg=PA44 |year=1997 |publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology |isbn=978-0-924171-50-5 |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913110041/https://books.google.com/books?id=e1PNO7urjHQC&pg=PA44 |url-status=live}}, page 44</ref> _america_helped_saddam_as_he_gassed_iran?page=0%2C2 |archive-date=15 September 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Era Khamenei ==== {{further|2009 Iranian presidential election protests|Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Assassination of Qasem Soleimani|Mahsa Amini protests|2024 Iran–Israel conflict|Iran–Israel war|2025–2026 Iranian protests}} Markii uu dhimanayay sannadkii 1989, Khomeini wuxuu magacaabay Golaha Dib-u-habaynta Dastuurka oo ka kooban 25 xubnood, kuwaas oo u magacaabay [[Ali Khamenei]] inuu noqdo Hoggaamiyaha Sare ee xiga, waxayna isbeddel ku sameeyeen dastuurka Iiraan.<ref>Abrahamian, ''History of Modern Iran'', (2008), p.182</ref> In kasta oo Khamenei uu ka maqnaa "soo jiidashadii iyo maqaamkii wadaadnimo" ee Khomeini, haddana wuxuu dhisay shabakad taageerayaal ah oo ku dhex jira ciidanka qalabka sida iyo [[Bonyad|mu'asasada diimeed]] ee dhaqaalaha awoodda u leh.<ref>"Who's in Charge?" by Ervand Abrahamian ''London Review of Books'', 6 November 2008</ref> [[File:Ayatollah Ali Khamenei at the Great Conference of Basij members at Azadi stadium October 2018 033.jpg|thumb|Ali Khamenei oo jooga Shirweynihii weynaa ee xubnaha [[Basij]] ee [[Azadi Stadium]], Oktoobar 2018]] Madaxweyne [[Akbar Rafsanjani]] wuxuu xoogga saaray siyaasadda ganacsiga u janjeerta ee dib loogu dhisayo dhaqaalaha, isagoon ka tanaasulin mabda'ii kacaanka. Wuxuu taageeray suuqa xorta ah, isagoo doorbidaya in la gaar yeelo warshadaha qaranka iyo inuu mowqif dhexdhexaad ah ka istaago heer caalami. Sannadkii 1997, waxaa Rafsanjani beddelay [[Iranian reform movement|isbeddel-doonkii]] dhexdhexaadka ahaa ee [[Mohammad Khatami]], kaas oo xukuumaddiisu u qareentay xorriyadda hadalka, xiriir diblomaasiyadeed oo wax ku ool ah oo lala yeesho Aasiya iyo Midowga Yurub, iyo siyaasad taageeraysa suuqa xorta ah iyo maalgashiga shisheeye. [[2005 Iranian presidential election|Doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2005]] waxay awoodda u keentay musharraxa muxaafidka ah, caanka ah, ee wadaniyadda u janjeera ee [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Waxaa lagu yaqiinnay aragtiyihiisa adag, nukliyeeraynta, iyo [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel|colaadda uu u qabo Israa'iil]], [[Saudi Arabia]], Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Maraykanka iyo dawladaha kale. Wuxuu ahaa madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee uu u yeero [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|baarlamaanka]] si uu uga jawaabo su'aalo ku saabsan madaxtinimadiisa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2012 |title=Ahmadinejad critic Larijani re-elected Iran speaker |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18328882 |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510171821/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18328882 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2013, waxaa madaxweyne loo doortay [[Hassan Rouhani]] oo ahaa dhex-dhexaad isbeddel-doon ah. Wuxuu dhiirigeliyay xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed, helitaanka macluumaadka, iyo horumarinta xuquuqda haweenka. Wuxuu horumariyay xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed isagoo adeegsanaya is-dhaafsiga waraaqo dib u heshiisiin ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Borger |first1=Julian |last2=Dehghan |first2=Saeed Kamali |date=19 September 2013 |title=Hassan Rouhani sets out his vision for a new and free Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/19/hassan-rouhani-vision-iran-free |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112101132/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/19/hassan-rouhani-vision-iran-free |url-status=live}}</ref> Heshiiska [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] waxaa lagu gaaray [[Vienna]] sannadkii 2015, intii u dhaxeysay Iiraan, [[P5+1]] ([[permanent members of the United Nations Security Council|xubnaha joogtada ah ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay]] + Jarmalka) iyo Midowga Yurub. Wada-xaajoodyadu waxay udub dhexaad u ahaayeen joojinta [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929|cunaqabataynta dhaqaale]] iyadoo beddelkeeda Iiraan laga xaddidayo soo saarista [[enriched uranium|yuraaniyamka la hodmey]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kutsch, Tom |date=14 July 2015 |title=Iran, world powers strike historic nuclear deal |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-world-powers-strike-historic-nuclear-deal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715175516/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-world-powers-strike-historic-nuclear-deal.html |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=15 July 2015 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, Maraykanka oo uu hoggaaminayay Madaxweyne [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump]] ayaa ka baxay heshiiska, waxaana lagu soo rogay cunaqabatayn cusub. Tani waxay meesha ka saartay qodobbadii dhaqaalaha waxayna Iiraan keentay [[nuclear latency|heerka u dhow nukliyeerka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brewer |first=Eric |date=25 June 2024 |title=Iran's New Nuclear Threat |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/irans-new-nuclear-threat |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Foreign Affairs |language=en-US |issn=0015-7120}}</ref> Sannadkii 2020, jeneraalka [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] [[Qasem Soleimani]], oo ahaa qofka 2-aad ee ugu awoodda badan Iiraan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=U.S. killing of Iran's second most powerful man risks regional conflagration |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-blast-soleimani-analysi/u-s-killing-of-irans-second-most-powerful-man-risks-regional-conflagration-idUSKBN1Z21TJ/ |website=[[Reuters]] |access-date=7 May 2024 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418120615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-blast-soleimani-analysi/u-s-killing-of-irans-second-most-powerful-man-risks-regional-conflagration-idUSKBN1Z21TJ/ |url-status=live}}</ref> waxaa [[Assassination of Qasem Soleimani|dilay Maraykanka]], taas oo kordhisay [[Iran–United States relations|xiisadda u dhaxeysa labada dhinac]].<ref name="Roelants">Carolien Roelants, khabiir ku xeel dheer Iiraan ee ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', dooddii ka dhacday ''[[Buitenhof (TV series)|Buitenhof]]'' ee telefishinka Nederlaan, 5 Janaayo 2020.</ref> [[Operation Martyr Soleimani|Iiraan waxay uga jawaabtay weerar lagu qaaday saldhigyada cirka ee Maraykanka ee Ciraaq]], kaas oo ahaa weerarkii ugu weynaa ee gantaallada ballistic-ga ah ee abid lagu qaado dad Maraykanka ah;<ref>{{Citation |title=Never-before-seen video of the attack on Al Asad Airbase |date=28 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGP7hZQuTL0 |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223104408/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGP7hZQuTL0 |url-status=live}}</ref> 110 ayaa qabay [[Traumatic brain injury|dhaawacyo maskaxda ah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=109 US troops diagnosed with brain injuries from Iran attack |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/10/109-us-troops-diagnosed-with-brain-injuries-from-iran-attack |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113740/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/2/10/109-us-troops-diagnosed-with-brain-injuries-from-iran-attack |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pentagon admits 109 brain injuries in Iran attack |url=https://www.dw.com/en/109-us-service-members-were-injured-in-the-iran-missile-attack/a-52331039 |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113741/https://www.dw.com/en/109-us-service-members-were-injured-in-the-iran-missile-attack/a-52331039 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Barbara |date=10 February 2020 |title=Over 100 US troops have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries following Iran strike |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/politics/traumatic-brain-injuries-iran-strike/index.html |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407113740/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/politics/traumatic-brain-injuries-iran-strike/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> 8-dii Janaayo, [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] ee Iiraan ayaa soo riday diyaaraddii [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752]], iyadoo dishay 176 rayid ah, taas oo horseeday [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests|mudaaharaadyo dalka oo dhan ka dhacay]]. Baaritaan caalami ah ayaa keenay in dawladdu ay qirato in gantaal dhulka laga rido lagu soo riday diyaaradda.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |title=Ukrainian airplane with 180 aboard crashes in Iran: Fars |date=8 January 2020 |work=Reuters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |archive-date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |work=BBC |title=Demands for justice after Iran's plane admission |date=11 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> Muxaafidka adag ee [[Ebrahim Raisi]] ayaa laga adkaaday doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2017, laakiin wuxuu mar kale isu taagay [[2021 Iranian presidential election|doorashadii 2021]], isagoo beddelay Rouhani.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Motamedi |first1=Maziar |title=Hardliner Raisi elected Iran's new president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/19/raisi-wins-irans-presidential-election-amid-low-turnout |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901094359/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/19/raisi-wins-irans-presidential-election-amid-low-turnout |url-status=live}}</ref> Muddadii uu Raisi xilka hayay, Iiraan waxay [[Nuclear program of Iran|xoojisay hodminta yuraaniyamka]], waxay hor istaagtay baaritaannada caalamiga ah, waxay ku biirtay SCO iyo BRICS, waxay [[Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|taageertay]] [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|duullaankii Ruushka ee Yukrayn]] waxayna soo celisay xiriirkii ay la lahayd Sacuudi Carabiya. Bishii Abriil 2024, [[Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus|weerarkii cirka ee Israa'iil ee qunsuliyadda Iiraan ee Dimishiq]] ayaa lagu dilay taliye ka tirsan IRGC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Several killed in Israeli strike on Iranian consulate in Damascus |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/1/several-killed-in-israeli-strike-on-iranian-consulate-in-damascus-reports |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430180537/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/1/several-killed-in-israeli-strike-on-iranian-consulate-in-damascus-reports |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2024 |title=Israeli strike on Iran's consulate in Syria killed 2 generals and 5 other officers, Iran says |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-syria-airstrike-iranian-embassy-edca34c52d38c8bc57281e4ebf33b240 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419075609/https://apnews.com/article/israel-syria-airstrike-iranian-embassy-edca34c52d38c8bc57281e4ebf33b240 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iiraan waxay [[April 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel|uga jawaabtay]] iyadoo u adeegsatay [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]], [[Cruise missile|gantaallada cruise-ka]] iyo [[ballistic missile|ballistic-ga]]; 9 ka mid ah ayaa ku dhacay Israa'iil.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Jack Dutton |date=15 April 2024 |title=How Iran's attack on Israel is disrupting air traffic |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/how-irans-attack-israel-disrupting-air-traffic |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/how-irans-attack-israel-disrupting-air-traffic |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Toossi |first=Sina |date=2 May 2024 |title=Iran Has Defined Its Red Line With Israel |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/18/iran-has-defined-its-red-line-with-israel/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/04/18/iran-has-defined-its-red-line-with-israel/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2024 |title=What was in wave of Iranian attacks and how were they thwarted? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68811273 |access-date=1 May 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414091527/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68811273 |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay ahayd weerarkii diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee ugu weynaa taariikhda,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The largest drone attack in history |url=http://iranpress.com/aliaspage/277652 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website= |language=en}}</ref> weerarkii gantaallada ee ugu weynaa taariikhda Iiraan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title='True Promise': Why and how did Iran launch a historic attack on Israel? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/14/true-promise-why-and-how-did-iran-launch-a-historic-attack-on-israel |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414145020/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/14/true-promise-why-and-how-did-iran-launch-a-historic-attack-on-israel |url-status=live}}</ref> weerarkeedii ugu horreeyay ee toos ah oo ay ku qaaddo Israa'iil<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2024 |title=Iran launches first-ever direct attack on Israel |url=https://abc7ny.com/israel-gaza-live-updates-iran-launches-dozens-of-drones-in-retaliatory-strike/14656640/ |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=ABC7 New York |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://abc7ny.com/israel-gaza-live-updates-iran-launches-dozens-of-drones-in-retaliatory-strike/14656640/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2024 |title=How Israel could respond to Iran's drone and missile assault |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240418-how-israel-could-respond-to-iran-s-drone-and-missile-assault |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174029/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240418-how-israel-could-respond-to-iran-s-drone-and-missile-assault |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo markii ugu horreysay [[1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel|tan iyo 1991]] oo Israa'iil ay si toos ah u weerarto dawlad.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johny |first=Stanly |date=14 April 2024 |title=By attacking Israel, Iran turns shadow war into direct conflict |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/analysis-three-takeaways-from-irans-attack-on-israel/article68064678.ece |access-date=1 May 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414203401/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/analysis-three-takeaways-from-irans-attack-on-israel/article68064678.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2024, Raisi waxaa lagu dilay [[2024 Varzaqan helicopter crash|shil helicopter]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Who died alongside Iran's President Raisi in the helicopter crash? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/20/who-died-alongside-irans-president-raisi-in-the-helicopter-crash |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519213002/https://apnews.com/article/helicopter-iran-raisi-crash-azerbaijan-3ef9fe5772fb06f6d9dcc371b115923f |url-status=live}}</ref> Iiraanna waxay qabatay [[2024 Iranian presidential election|doorasho madaxtinimo]], markaas oo isbeddel-doonkii iyo wasiirkii hore ee [[Ministry of Health and Medical Education|Wasaaradda Caafimaadka]], [[Masoud Pezeshkian]], la doortay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2024 |title=Masoud Pezeshkian, a heart surgeon who rose to power in parliament, now Iran's president-elect |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-presidential-runoff-election-masoud-pezeshkian-profile-a07e9921fa8c25b1a05333e128c03916 |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Vinograd |first2=Cassandra |date=6 July 2024 |title=Reformist Candidate Wins Iran's Presidential Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/05/world/middleeast/iran-election-reformist-wins.html |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706034614/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/05/world/middleeast/iran-election-reformist-wins.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Oktoobar, Iiraan waxay [[October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel|ridday]] 180 gantaallada ballistic-ga ah oo ku wajahan Israa'iil si looga aarguto dilalkii [[Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh|Ismail Haniyeh]], [[2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike|Hassan Nasrallah]] iyo [[Abbas Nilforoushan]]. Israa'iil waxay [[October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran|weerartay]] goobo milatari oo Iiraan ah.<ref>{{cite news |title=What we know about Israel's attack on Iran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0yvrx4qpo |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=27 October 2024 |access-date=31 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241027231243/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0yvrx4qpo |url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2025, xukuumadda Iiraan waxay amar ku bixisay [[2025 Afghan deportation from Iran|masaafurin ballaaran]] oo lagu sameynayo qiyaastii afar milyan oo [[Afghan diaspora|muhaajiriin Afgaanistaan ah]] iyo qaxooti ku nool Iiraan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran tells millions of Afghans to leave or face arrest on day of deadline |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/6/iran-tells-millions-of-afghans-to-leave-or-face-arrest-on-day-of-deadline |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=6 July 2025}}</ref> [[File:تقدیم پیام پادشاه عربستان به رهبر انقلاب 07.jpg|thumb|Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] oo ay weheliyaan Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Khalid bin Salman Al Saud|Khalid bin Salman]] iyo Janaraal [[Mohammad Bagheri (general)|Mohammad Bagheri]] 17-kii Abriil 2025]] Wiiqidda [[Axis of Resistance|xulafada muhiimka ah iyo kooxaha u adeega]] Iiraan tan iyo 2023 waxay ka dhigtay xukuumadda Iiraan mid daciif ah oo go'doon ah.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Iran's leader hopes America can save his faltering regime |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/05/01/irans-leader-hopes-america-can-save-his-faltering-regime |access-date=25 May 2025 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2024 |title=Iran in a 'position of unprecedented weakness' after the fall of Assad in Syria |url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20241209-iran-position-unprecedented-weakness-after-fall-of-assad-syria-proxies-hezbollah-middle-east |access-date=25 May 2025 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2025 |title=The fall of Assad has exposed the extent of the damage to Iran's axis of resistance |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/12/fall-assad-has-exposed-extent-damage-irans-axis-resistance |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=Chatham House |language=en}}</ref> Horraantii 2025, Iiraan waxay si xawli ah u hormarinaysay barnaamijkeeda nukliyeerka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barnes |first=Joe |date=31 January 2025 |title=Iran 'secretly building nuclear missiles that can hit Europe' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/01/31/iran-nuclear-warhead-europe-revolutionary-guard-north-korea/ |access-date=28 April 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Dadka falanqeeya waxay ka digeen in dhaqdhaqaaqaas uu dhaafay wax kasta oo qiil rayid ah u yeelan kara.<ref name="Economist20250128">{{Cite news |title=Iran's alarming nuclear dash will soon test Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/01/28/irans-alarming-nuclear-dash-will-soon-test-donald-trump |access-date=23 February 2025 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Iiraan iyo Maraykanka waxay [[2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations|bilaabeen wada-xaajoodyo]] heshiis nukliyeer oo cusub ah, laakiin horumarka ayaa istaagay. Bishii Juun, [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]] waxay ogaatay in Iiraan aysan u hoggaansamin waajibaadkeeda nukliyeerka;<ref name="Euronews20250612">{{Cite web |title=UN nuclear watchdog finds Iran in non-compliance with its obligations |url=https://www.euronews.com/2025/06/12/un-nuclear-watchdog-finds-iran-in-non-compliance-with-nuclear-obligations |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=Euro News |date=12 June 2025}}</ref> iyadoo taas ka jawaabaysa, Iiraan waxay ku dhawaaqday kicinta xarun hodmin oo cusub.<ref name="CNN20250612">{{Cite web |last1=Salem |first1=Mostafa |last2=Pleitgen |first2=Frederik |date=12 June 2025 |title=Iran threatens nuclear escalation after UN watchdog board finds it in breach of obligations |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/12/middleeast/iran-threatens-nuclear-escalation-iaea-intl |access-date=12 June 2025 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> 13-kii Juun 2025, Israa'iil waxay weeraro ka bilowday Iiraan oo dhan, iyadoo beegsanaysa xarumaha nukliyeerka ayna dishay xubno sarsare oo ka tirsan hoggaanka milatariga Iiraan.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shotter |first1=James |last2=Sevastopulo |first2=Demetri |last3=England |first3=Andrew |last4=Bozorgmehr |first4=Najmeh |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel launches air strikes against Iran commanders and nuclear sites |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46b1a363-c805-4800-abbf-6b47b9602ef2 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Nauman |first2=Qasim |last3=Boxerman |first3=Aaron |last4=Kingsley |first4=Patrick |last5=Bergman |first5=Ronen |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Strikes Iran's Nuclear Program, Killing Top Military Officials: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/12/world/israel-iran-us-nuclear |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Iiraan waxay ugu jawaabtay weeraro gantaallo ah, colaadduna waxay keentay [[Twelve-Day War|dagaal toos ah]] oo u dhaxeeya labadooda. 22-kii Juun, [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|Maraykanka ayaa weeraray xarumaha nukliyeerka ee Iiraan]];<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2025 |title=Trump says US has attacked three nuclear sites in Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/21/trump-us-nuclear-strikes-iran |access-date=22 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Iiraanna waxay [[Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base|weerartay saldhigyada Maraykanka ee Qatar]] taas ka dhalatay. 24-kii Juun, Israa'iil iyo Iiraan waxay ku heshiiyeen xabbad-joojin ka dib markii uu Maraykanku ku adkeeyay.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 June 2025 |title=Trump says Iran and Israel agree to a ceasefire |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-says-iran-israel-agree-ceasefire-2025-06-23/ |access-date=23 June 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-iran-israel-ceasefire-agreement-terms-b5fc5cc8a8c32b4899646130b496798a |title=A whirlwind 48 hours: How Trump's Israel-Iran ceasefire agreement came together |date=24 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref> Tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2025, Iiraan waxaa ka jiray [[2025–2026 Iranian protests|mudaaharaadyo ballaaran]] oo ka dhacay magaalooyinka kuwaas oo loogu baaqayo in la rido Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah, taas oo ka dhalatay niyad-jab ku saabsan [[Iranian economic crisis|xiisadda dhaqaale]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Parent |first1=Deepa |last2=Christou |first2=William |date=31 December 2025 |title='We want the mullahs gone': economic crisis sparks biggest protests in Iran since 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/31/we-want-the-mullahs-gone-economic-crisis-sparks-biggest-protests-in-iran-since-2022 |access-date=1 January 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> {{As of|2026|01|13}}, ''[[Iran International]]'' waxay ku qiyaastay in ugu yaraan 12,000 oo mudaaharaadayaal ah lagu dilay gudaha [[2026 Internet blackout in Iran|xannibaadda internet-ka]], iyadoo ciidamada ammaanka ee dawladdu ay kordhiyeen isticmaalka rasaasta dilaaga ah ee ka dhanka ah mudaaharaadayaasha.<ref name="2000killed">{{cite news |date=10 January 2026 |title=Mass killings reported as security forces use live fire on Iran protesters |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202601103903 |access-date=10 January 2026 |publisher=Iran International}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sparks |first=John |date=9 January 2026 |title=Iran's leaders facing most serious threat since 1979 revolution |url=https://news.sky.com/story/irans-leaders-facing-most-serious-threat-since-1979-revolution-13492604 |access-date=9 January 2026 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.iranintl.com/en/202601130145</ref> {{As of|2026|01|17}}, qiyaasuhu waxay soo jeediyeen in ugu yaraan 16,500 oo qof lagu dilay ku dhawaad 330,000 oo kalena lagu dhaawacay [[2026 Iran massacres|xasuuqyadii Iiraan ee 2026]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamb |first=Christina |date=17 January 2026 |title=Iran report says 16,500 dead in 'genocide under digital darkness' |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/iran-young-protesters-news-nsdztp5t2 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=The Sunday Times |language=en}}</ref> 28-kii Febraayo 2026, [[United States|Maraykanka]] iyo [[Israel|Israa'iil]] waxay fuliyeen [[2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran|weeraro milatari oo isku dubaridan]] oo ka dhan ah bartilmaameedyo dhowr ah oo ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan, taas oo muujinaysa kor u kac weyn oo ku yimid xiisadda soo jireenka ah ee u dhaxeysa [[Tehran]] iyo [[Israel–United States relations|isbahaysiga Maraykanka iyo Israa'iil.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Kevin |last2=Ebrahim |first2=Nadeen |last3=Liebermann |first3=Oren |date=2026-02-28 |title=US carrying out strikes against Iran, three US officials say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-attack-02-28-26-hnk-intl |access-date=2026-02-28 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Iyadoo ay socdeen weeraro gantaallo ah oo baaxad leh oo ay Maraykanka iyo Israa'iil ku qaadeen Iiraan qayb ka mid ah [[2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran|Operation Epic Fury]], sarkaal Israa'iili ah oo aan magaciisa la sheegin ayaa sheegay in la helay maydka Ali Khamenei. Ma jirin qof si cad u beddelaya Khamenei.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=What to know about Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei |url=https://apnews.com/article/raw/iran-khamenei-supreme-leader-nuclear-protests-military-487aa76fd32f398f2ca37d316e543760 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Juquraafi == {{Main|Juquraafiga Iiraan}} {{See also|Xuduudaha Iiraan|Beeraha Iiraan|Liiska buuraha Iiraan|Liiska jasiiradaha Iiraan}} [[File:Iran-geographic map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Geography of Iran#Topography|Topografiyada Iiraan]]]] Iiraan waxay leedahay bed gaaraya {{convert|1648195|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Waa [[List of Asian countries by area|dalka lixaad ee ugu weyn qaaradda Aasiya]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu weyn Galbeedka Aasiya.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Iran's Strategy in the Strait of Hormuz |url=https://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |magazine=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071232/https://thediplomat.com/2012/07/irans-strategy-in-the-strait-of-hormuz/ |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> Waxay dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa loolka 24° iyo 40° N iyo dhigaha 44° iyo 64° E. Waxay xuduud la leedahay dhanka waqooyi-galbeed [[Armenia]], gobolka go'an ee [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/ |title=CIA – The World Factbook |access-date=7 April 2012 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127171042/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Azerbaijan]]; dhanka waqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Caspian Sea|Badda Casbiya]]; waqooyi-bari [[Turkmenistan]]; bari waxaa ka xiga [[Afghanistan]] iyo Pakistan; koonfur waxaa ka xiga [[Persian Gulf|Khaliijka Faaris]] iyo [[Gulf of Oman|Khaliijka Cumaan]]; dhanka galbeedna [[Iraq]] iyo Turkiga. Iiraan waxay ku taal aag u nugul dhulgariirka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/which-country-has-most-earthquakes |title=Which country has the most earthquakes? |date=2 May 2010 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=22 May 2021 |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522195818/https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/which-country-has-most-earthquakes |url-status=live}}</ref> Celcelis ahaan, dhulgariir cabbirkiisu yahay 7.0 ama ka badan wuxuu dhacaa tobankii sanno mar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ilna.news/fa/tiny/news-11875 |script-title=fa:هر ده سال، یک زلزله ۷ ریشتری در کشور رخ می‌دهد &#124; خبرگزاری ایلنا |date=13 October 2012 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328151114/https://www.ilna.ir/بخش-اخبار-47/11875-هر-ده-سال-یک |url-status=live}}</ref> Inta badan dhulgariirradu waa kuwo gacmeed ah (shallow-focus), waxayna keeni karaan burbur weyn, sida [[2003 Bam earthquake|dhulgariirkii Bam ee 2003]]. Iiraan waxay u badan tahay [[Iranian Plateau|Dhul-sareedka Iiraan]], iyadoo qaybteeda koonfur-galbeed ay saaran tahay [[Arabian plate|huurada Carabta]]. Waa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu buuraha badan adduunka; muuqaalkeeda waxaa u badan silsilado buuro ah oo kala sooca dooxooyinka ama dhul-sareedyada. Galbeedka Iiraan oo dadku ku badan yahay ayaa ah meesha ugu buuraha badan, waxaana ku yaal silsilado ay ka mid yihiin [[Caucasus Mountains|Caucasus]], [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]], iyo [[Alborz]]. [[Mount Damavand]] waa halka ugu sarreysa dalka, jooggeedu waa {{convert|5610|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, waana foolkaanooyinka ugu sarreeya Aasiya. Buuraha Iiraan waxay saameyn ku lahaayeen siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha dalkaas muddo qarniyo ah. Waqooyiga Iiraan waxaa qariyay dhul-daaqsimeedka doogga ah ee [[Hyrcanian forests|kaymaha Hyrcanian]], oo u dhow xeebaha koonfureed ee Badda Casbiya. Dhanka bari wuxuu u badan yahay dooxooyin saxare ah, sida [[Dasht-e Kavir|Saxaraha Kavir]], oo ah saxaraha ugu weyn dalka, iyo [[Dasht-e Loot|Saxaraha Lut]], iyo sidoo kale harooyin cusbo leh. Saxaraha Lut waa meesha ugu kulul ee laga diiwaan geliyay dusha sare ee dhulka, iyadoo 70.7 °C laga diiwaan geliyay sannadkii 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2009 |title=The 5 Hottest Deserts in the World |url=https://www.mapquest.com/travel/survival/wilderness/5-hottest-deserts-on-earth.htm |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=MapQuest Travel |language=en-us |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231121804/https://www.mapquest.com/travel/survival/wilderness/5-hottest-deserts-on-earth.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannaanlo ballaaran ayaa laga helaa xeebaha Casbiya iyo cirifka waqooyi ee Khaliijka Faaris, halkaas oo Iiraan ay xuduud ka leedahay webiga [[Shatt al-Arab|Arvand]]. Bannaanlo yaryar oo aan isku xirneyn ayaa ku yaal inta kale ee xeebta Khaliijka Faaris, [[Strait of Hormuz|Marinka Hormuz]], iyo Khaliijka Cumaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Iranian Student Organization (IrSO) |url=https://www.unl.edu/irso/geography |access-date=28 January 2024 |website= |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128122610/https://www.unl.edu/irso/geography |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Cimilada === {{main|Cimilada Iiraan}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map IRN present.svg|thumb|Khariidadda [[Köppen climate classification|noocyada cimilada]] ee Iiraan]] Cimilada Iiraan waa mid kala duwan, laga bilaabo [[Desert climate|engeg]] iyo [[semi-arid climate|nus-engeg]], ilaa [[subtropics|kuleyl-xigeen]] ka jira xeebta Casbiya iyo kaymaha waqooyiga.<ref name="HaftlangLang2003">{{cite book |author1=Kiyanoosh Kiyani Haftlang |author2=Kiyānūsh Kiyānī Haft Lang |title=The Book of Iran: A Survey of the Geography of Iran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gecy7sqblqoC&pg=PA17 |year=2003 |publisher=Alhoda UK |isbn=978-964-94491-3-5 |page=17}}</ref> Cirifka waqooyi ee Iiraan, heerkulku dhif iyo naadir ayuu hoos ugu dhacaa dhibicda barafka (freezing), aaggaasna waa mid qoyan. Heerkulka xagaaga dhif ayuu ka sarreeyaa {{convert|29|°C|°F|1}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Iran |title=Weather and Climate: Iran, average monthly Rainfall, Sunshine, Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed |newspaper=World Weather and Climate Information |access-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922105410/https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Iran |archive-date=22 September 2015}}</ref> Roobka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|680|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} bannaanada bari iyo in ka badan {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} dhanka galbeed. Isku-duwaha Qaramada Midoobay ee Iiraan ayaa sheegay in "[[Water scarcity|Biyo-yaraantu]] ay tahay caqabadda ugu weyn ee xagga amniga bini'aadamka ee maanta ka jirta Iiraan".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/farming-reforms-offer-hope-irans-water-crisis-131227395.html |title=Farming reforms offer hope for Iran's water crisis |last1=Moghtader |first1=Michelle |date=3 August 2014 |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807031853/http://news.yahoo.com/farming-reforms-offer-hope-irans-water-crisis-131227395.html |archive-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> Dhanka galbeed, deegaannada ku yaal dooxada Zagros waxay leeyihiin heerkul hoose iyo qaboobeyaal adag, oo leh baraf culus. Dooxooyinka bari iyo kuwa dhexe waa engeg, roobkuna wuxuu ka yaryahay {{convert|200|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Heerkulka xagaaga ee celceliska ah wuxuu gaari karaa {{convert|38|°C|1}}. Bannaanada xeebaha koonfureed ee Khaliijka Faaris iyo Khaliijka Cumaan waxay leeyihiin qaboobeyaal dhexdhexaad ah, iyo xagaayo aad u qoyan oo kulul. Roobka sannadlaha ah wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa {{convert|135|to|355|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Nagarajan2010">{{cite book |author=R. Nagarajan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1505bxl0EkC&pg=PA383 |title=Drought Assessment |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2010 |isbn=978-90-481-2500-5 |page=383}}</ref> === Kala-duwanaanshaha Noolaha === {{See also|Duurjoogta Iiraan|Liiska jardiinooyinka qaranka Iiraan|Kaymaha Iiraan}} [[File:Persian Leopard sitting.jpg|thumb|[[Persian leopard|Libaax-badhka Faaris]], oo u dhashay [[Iranian Plateau|Dhul-sareedka Iiraan]]]] Ku dhowaad 60% Iiraan waa buuraley, in ka yar 10% na waa kaymo. Qiyaastii 120 milyan oo hektar oo kaymo iyo beero ah ayaa dawladdu leedahay. Kaymaha Iiraan waxaa loo qaybin karaa shan goobood: gobolka Hyrcanian oo ka kooban suunka cagaaran ee dhanka waqooyi; gobolka [[Turan]], oo u badan kuwo ku kala firirsan bartamaha Iiraan; gobolka [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]], oo u badan kaymo geed-ballood (oak) ah dhanka galbeed; gobolka Khaliijka Faaris, oo ku kala firirsan suunka xeebta koonfureed; iyo gobolka [[Arasbaran|Arasbarani]], oo ay ku jiraan noocyo dhif ah. In ka badan 8,200 oo nooc oo [[plant|dhir]] ah ayaa ka baxa. Waxaa jira in ka badan 200 oo aag oo la ilaaliyo si loo dhowro duurjoogta, iyadoo in ka badan 30 ay yihiin [[national park|jardiinooyin qaran]]. Duurjoogta Iiraan waxaa ka mid ah 34 nooc oo fiidmeerta ah, [[Indian grey mongoose|shabeel-biyeedka Hindida]], [[golden jackal|dawaco-cas]], [[Indian wolf|yeyda]], [[fox|dawacooyinka]], [[striped hyena|waraabaha xariijimaha leh]], [[leopard|shabeelka]], [[brown bear|madax-madowga]] iyo [[Asian black bear|oromada madow ee Aasiya]]. Noocyada [[Ungulate|xayawaanka qofka leh]] waxaa ka mid ah [[wild boar|doofaarka duurka]], [[red deer|deerada cas]], iyo [[goitered gazelle|deerada goitered]].<ref name="Fast2005">{{cite book |author=April Fast |title=Iran: The Land |url=https://archive.org/details/iranland0000fast |year=2005 |publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-7787-9315-1}}</ref> [[Asiatic cheetah|Shabeelka Aasiya]] ee khatarta weyn ugu jira dabar-goynta wuxuu ku haray oo kaliya Iiraan. Iiraan waxay weysay dhamaan [[Asiatic lion|libaaxyadii Aasiya]] iyo [[Caspian tiger|shabeel-dharihii Casbiya]] horraantii qarnigii 20-aad. Iiraan waxay hoy u tahay in ka badan 570 nooc oo shimbiraha ah sida [[pheasant]], [[partridge]], [[stork]], [[eagle|gorgorka]] iyo [[falcon|shaqrada]]. == Dawladda iyo Siyaasadda == {{Main|Dawladda Iiraan|Siyaasadda Iiraan}} === Hoggaamiyaha Sare === {{Main|Hoggaamiyaha Sare ee Iiraan}} {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = Emblem of Iran.svg | image2 = Masoud Pezeshkian 2025 (cropped).jpg | image3 = Mohammad Reza Aref, July 2025 (cropped).jpg | caption1 = ''Bannaan''<br /><small>[[Supreme Leader of Iran|Hoggaamiyaha Sare]] </small> | caption2 = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]]<br /><small>[[President of Iran|Madaxweynaha]] </small> | caption3 = [[Mohammad Reza Aref]]<br /><small>[[Vice President of Iran|Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka]] </small> }} [[File:Ayatollah Ali Khamenei met with Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif 1404-3-10.jpg|thumb|Hoggaamiyaha Sare Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]] oo la jooga Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Pakistan [[Shehbaz Sharif]] 26-kii May 2025]] Hoggaamiyaha Sare,{{efn|{{langx|fa|رهبر معظم|Rahbar-e Moazam}}}} ama ''Rahbar'', waa [[head of state|madaxa dawladda]] waana qofka mas'uulka ka ah kormeerka siyaasadda. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu leeyahay awood xaddidan marka loo eego ''Rahbar''. Wasiiro muhiim ah ayaa lagu soo doortaa heshiiska ''Rahbar'', kaas oo leh go'aanka ugu dambeeya ee siyaasadda dibadda.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news |date=8 January 2018 |title=In jab at rivals, Rouhani says Iran protests about more than economy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-rallies-rouhani/in-jab-at-hardliners-rouhani-says-iran-protests-were-not-only-economic-idUSKBN1EX0S9 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> ''Rahbar'' wuxuu si toos ah ugu lug leeyahay magacaabista wasiirrada gaashaandhigga, sirdoonka iyo arrimaha dibadda. ''Rahbar'' wuxuu si toos ah u xukumaa siyaasadda gobolka. Safiirada loo diro dalalka Carabta, tusaale ahaan, waxaa soo doorta [[Quds Force|Ciidanka Quds]], kuwaas oo si toos ah ugu warbixiya Rahbar.<ref name="english.aawsat.com">{{cite web |last=Al-awsat |first=Asharq |date=25 September 2017 |title=Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government |url=https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government |access-date=23 Bisha Tobnaad 2017 |archive-date=10 Bisha Tobnaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010083335/https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Rahbar'' wuxuu amri karaa in sharciyada la beddelo. [[Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order|Setad]], oo ah shirkad dawladu leedahay oo hoos timaada ''Rahbar'', ayaa lagu qiimeeyay $95 bilyan sannadkii 2013, xisaabaadkeeduna waa sir xitaa [[Iranian parliament|baarlamaanka]] laguma soo bandhigo. ''Rahbar'' waa [[commander-in-chief|taliyaha guud]] ee [[Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida]], wuxuu xukumaa sirdoonka milatariga iyo hawlgallada amniga, wuxuuna leeyahay awoodda kaliya ee uu ku iclaamin karo dagaal ama nabad. ''Rahbar'' wuxuu sidoo kale magacaabaa madaxda garsoorka, shabakadaha raadiyaha iyo telefishinka dawladda, taliyayaasha booliska iyo milatariga, iyo xubnaha [[Guardian Council|Golaha Ilaalada]]. [[Assembly of Experts|Golaha Khubarada]] ayaa mas'uul ka ah doorashada ''Rahbar'' waxayna leeyihiin awood ay xilka kaga qaadaan. Ilaa iyo hadda, Golaha Khubarada ma tartamin go'aan kasta oo ''Rahbar'' uu gaaray, ismana isku dayin inay xilka ka qaadaan. Qaar badan ayaa raba inay aamminsan yihiin in Golaha Khubarada uu noqday gole maamuus oo kaliya oo aan lahayn awood dhab ah. Nidaamka siyaasadeed wuxuu ku saleysan yahay [[Constitution of Iran|dastuurka dalka]]. Sida laga soo xigtay tusmooyinka caalamiga ah, Iiraan waxay ku jirtaa heer hoose xagga cabbirada dimuqraadiyadda, gaar ahaan sinnaanta ragga iyo haweenka, xorriyadda ururrada, iyo xorriyadda hadalka. === Madaxweynaha === {{Main|Madaxweynaha Iiraan}} [[File:Presidential Administration of Iran building.jpg|thumb|Albaabka laga galo madaxtooyada Iiraan, halkaas oo golaha wasiiradu ku kulmaan]] Madaxweynuhu waa [[head of government|madaxa xukuumadda]] iyo maamulka labaad ee ugu sarreeya Hoggaamiyaha Sare ka dib. Madaxweynaha waxaa lagu soo doortaa [[universal suffrage|codbixin guud]] muddo 4 sanno ah. Doorashada ka hor, musharraxiinta waa inay oggolaansho ka helaan [[Guardian Council|Golaha Ilaalada]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2024 |title=Council of Guardians {{!}} Definition, Role, Selection, & History |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Council-of-Guardians |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Madaxweynaha waxaa dib loo dooran karaa hal mar oo kaliya. Madaxweynuhu waa guddoomiyaha [[Supreme National Security Council|Golaha Amniga Qaranka]], wuxuuna leeyahay awood uu ku iclaamiyo [[state of emergency|xaalad degdeg ah]] ka dib marka baarlamaanku ansixiyo. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay dhaqangelinta dastuurka iyo fulinta go'aannada iyo siyaasadaha guud ee uu qeexay ''Rahbar'', marka laga reebo arrimaha si toos ah ugu xiran ''Rahbar''. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu magacaabaa wasiirrada, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay ansixinta Baarlamaanka iyo ''Rahbar'', kaas oo eryi kara ama dib u soo celin kara wasiir kasta. Sideed madaxweyne ku-xigeen ayaa hoos timaada madaxweynaha, iyo sidoo kale gole wasiirro oo ka kooban 22 wasiir. === Golaha Ilaalada === {{Main|Golaha Ilaalada}} Musharraxiinta madaxweynaha iyo baarlamaanka waa in ay ansixiyaan 12-ka xubnood ee Golaha Ilaalada (dhammaan xubnahooda waxaa magacaaba Hoggaamiyaha Sare) ka hor inta aysan u tartamin xilka si loo xaqiijiyo daacadnimadooda.<ref>{{cite book |author=Chibli Mallat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oB4_tohQegC |title=The Renewal of Islamic Law |date=2004 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Hoggaamiyaha Sare wuxuu ka noqon karaa go'aannada Golaha Ilaalada. Dastuurku wuxuu siinayaa golaha saddex waajibaad: awoodda diidmada (veto) ee sharciyada uu soo saaro [[Majlis of Iran|baarlamaanka]], kormeerka doorashooyinka, iyo ansixinta ama ka saarista musharraxiinta u tartamaya doorashooyinka maxalliga ah, baarlamaanka, madaxtooyada, ama Golaha Khubarada. Goluhu wuxuu burin karaa sharci kasta haddii uu ka soo horjeedo [[sharia|shariicada Islaamka]] ama dastuurka. === Ciidanka === {{Main|Military history of Iran}} [[File:Sejjil missile launch - November 2008 (21).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|[[Medium-range ballistic missile|MRBM]] [[Sejjil]]. Iiraan waa quwadda 6-aad ee [[Ballistic missile|gantaalaha]] adduunka, waana dalka 5-aad ee caalamka ee leh farsamada [[Hypersonic missile|gantaalaha haaybarsanik-ga]]]] Ciidanka waxaa loo qaabeeyey qaab midaysan, kaas oo ah [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces]], oo ka kooban [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces|Ciidanka Dhulka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force|Ciidanka Difaaca Cirka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka]], iyo [[Islamic Republic of Iran Navy|Ciidanka Badda]]; iyo [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], oo ka kooban [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces|Ciidanka Dhulka]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force|Ciidanka Hawada Sare]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy|Ciidanka Badda]], [[Quds Force]], iyo [[Basij]]; iyo sidoo kale [[Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Taliska Booliska]] (Faraja), kaas oo qabta shaqo u dhiganta [[Gendarmerie|jandarmaari]]. In kasta oo IRIAF ay ilaaliso madaxbannaanida dalka qaab dhaqameed, IRGC waxaa loo xilsaaray inay sugto hufnaanta Jamhuuriyadda kana hortagto faragelinta shisheeye, afgembiyaasha, iyo rabshadaha gudaha.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7064353.stm "Profile: Iran's Revolutionary Guards"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227172931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7064353.stm|date=27 December 2008}}. [[BBC News]]. 18 October 2009.</ref> Sanadkii 2019, Mareykanka oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Donald Trump|Madaxweyne Donald Trump]] ayaa si rasmi ah ugu calaamadiyay Ilaalada Kacaanka urur argagixiso shisheeye. Waa markii ugu horreysay oo qayb ka mid ah dawlad shisheeye loo aqoonsado urur argagixiso.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-designate-iranian-guard-corps-a-foreign-terrorist-organization-11554499401|title=U.S. to Designate Iranian Guard Corps a Foreign Terror Group|last1=Gordon|first1=Michael R.|date=5 April 2019|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=7 April 2019|last2=Strobel|first2=Warren P.|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|last3=Youssef|first3=Nancy A.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/label-iran-revolutionary-guard-corps-terrorist-group-190406061535338.html|title=US 'to label Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps a terrorist group'|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=7 April 2019}}</ref> [[Conscription in Iran|Tan iyo 1925]], dhammaan muwaadiniinta labka ah ee jira 18 sano waa inay u adeegaan qiyaastii 14 bilood IRIAF ama IRGC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |script-title=fa:اخبار سیاسی ۲۶ اسفند؛ کمک رهبرانقلاب به زندانیان نیازمند/تایید کاهش مدت سربازی |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1402122618464/اخبار-سیاسی-۲۶-اسفند-کمک-رهبرانقلاب-به-زندانیان-نیازمند-تایید |access-date=16 March 2024 |website= |language=fa |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316122351/https://www.isna.ir/news/1402122618464/اخبار-سیاسی-۲۶-اسفند-کمک-رهبرانقلاب-به-زندانیان-نیازمند-تایید |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |script-title=fa:تایید مصوبه کاهش مدت سربازی در شورای نگهبان |url=https://www.ekhtebar.ir/تایید-مصوبه-کاهش-مدت-سربازی-در-شورای-نگ/ |access-date=16 March 2024 |website= |language=fa-IR |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316171553/https://www.ekhtebar.ir/تایید-مصوبه-کاهش-مدت-سربازی-در-شورای-نگ/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Iiraan waxay leedahay in ka badan 610,000 oo askari oo firfircoon iyo qiyaastii 350,000 oo kayd ah, taas oo ka dhigan ugu yaraan in ka badan hal milyan oo shaqaale ciidan ah, waana mid ka mid ah [[List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel|boqolleyda ugu sarreysa ee muwaadiniinta leh tababarka ciidan]] ee adduunka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Murtaza |title=Why war with Iran would spell disaster |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/9/12/why-war-with-iran-would-spell-disaster |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229012940/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/9/12/why-war-with-iran-would-spell-disaster |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Seth G. |chapter=Regular Military Power |pages=19–27 |jstor=resrep29480.7 |jstor-access=free |title=Containing Tehran: Understanding Iran's Power and Exploiting Its Vulnerabilities |date=2020 |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |isbn=978-1-4422-8149-3}}</ref> Basij, oo ah maleeshiyo iskaa wax u qabso ah oo ka tirsan IRGC, waxay leedahay in ka badan 20 milyan oo xubnood, kuwaas oo 600,000 ay diyaar u yihiin u yeeritaan degdeg ah, 300,000 oo kayd ah, iyo hal milyan oo la abaabuli karo markii loo baahdo.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:ارتش بیست میلیونی |url=http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n151194/ارتش_بیست_میلیونی |access-date=15 March 2024 |website= |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315102527/http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/n151194/ارتش_بیست_میلیونی |url-status=live}}</ref> Faraja, oo ah ciidanka booliska ee Iiraan, waxay leedahay in ka badan 260,000 oo shaqaale firfircoon. Inta badan hay'adaha tirakoobka kuma daraan Basij iyo Faraja warbixinadooda qiimeynta. Iiraan waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 7-aad ee tirada ciidamada firfircoon<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sinéad Baker |author2=Thibault Spirlet |title=The world's most powerful militaries in 2023, ranked |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ranked-world-most-powerful-militaries-2023-firepower-us-china-russia-2023-5 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224124226/https://www.businessinsider.com/ranked-world-most-powerful-militaries-2023-firepower-us-china-russia-2023-5 |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo kaalinta 9-aad ee baaxadda ciidamada dhulka iyo kuwa gaashaaman. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Iiraan ayaa ah kuwa ugu weyn Galbeedka Aasiya, waxayna ka kooban yihiin raxan diyaaradaha qumman ee ugu weyn Bariga Dhexe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Ghorbani: Iran helicopter fleet, strongest in Middle East |url=http://iranpress.com/aliaspage/7560 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Iran Press |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224125731/https://iranpress.com/aliaspage/7560 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iiraan waxay ka mid tahay 15-ka waddan ee ugu sarreeya dhinaca miisaaniyadda ciidanka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=Iran Boosts Military Budget To Stand Among Top 15 |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202204261827 |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Iran International |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210121648/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202204261827 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sanadkii 2021, kharashka milatariga ayaa kordhay markii ugu horreysay muddo afar sano ah, isagoo gaaray $24.6 bilyan, taas oo ah 2.3% wax soo saarka guud ee dalka (GDP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Iran Military Spending=Defense Budget 1960–2023 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IRN/iran/military-spending-defense-budget |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Macrotrends |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210121648/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IRN/iran/military-spending-defense-budget |url-status=live}}</ref> Tan iyo kacaankii Islaamiga ahaa, si ay uga gudubto cunaqabateynta dibadda, Iiraan waxay horumarisay warshado milatari oo gudaha ah oo awood u leh inay soo saaraan [[tank]]-yo, [[armoured personnel carrier|gaadiidka gaashaaman ee ciidanka]], [[missile|gantaalo]], [[submarine|maraakiibta quusta]], [[Iranian frigate Jamaran|markabka gantaalaha xambaara]], nidaamyada [[radar]]-ka, [[helicopter|diyaaradaha qumman]], [[Navy|maraakiibta dagaalka]], iyo [[fighter aircraft|diyaaradaha dagaalka]].<ref name="AskariMohseni2010">{{cite book |author1=Hossein Askari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxdtLyJZxDUC&pg=PA93 |title=The Militarization of the Persian Gulf: An Economic Analysis |author2=Amin Mohseni |author3=Shahrzad Daneshvar |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84980-186-7 |page=93}}</ref> Sidaas darteed, Iiraan waxay leedahay arsenal-ka ugu weyn uguna kala duwan ee [[ballistic missile|gantaalaha balastikada]] ee Bariga Dhexe, waana dalka 5-aad ee adduunka ee leh farsamada [[Hypersonic missile|gantaalaha haaybarsanik-ga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |date=6 June 2023 |title=Fattah: Iran unveils its first hypersonic missile |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/6/fattah-iran-unveils-its-first-hypersonic-missile |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606223808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/6/fattah-iran-unveils-its-first-hypersonic-missile |url-status=live}}</ref> Iiraan waxay sidoo kale naqshadaysaa oo soo saartaa noocyo kala duwan oo [[unmanned aerial vehicle|diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn]] (UAV). Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah shanta waddan ee adduunka ee leh awoodda [[cyberwarfare|dagaalka internetka]]. === Barnaamijka Nukliyeerka === {{Main|Nuclear program of Iran}} Barnaamijka nukliyeerka ee Iiraan wuxuu soo bilaabmay 1950-meeyadii.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2007 |title=An atomic threat made in America |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/chi-061209atoms-day1-story-htmlstory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405050620/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-061209atoms-day1-story,0,2034260.htmlstory |archive-date=5 April 2014 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Iiraan waxay dib u soo noolaysay kacaankii Islaamiga ka dib, barnaamijkeeda kobcinta nukliyeerka wuxuu noqday mawduuc laga yeesho wada xaajoodyo caalami ah oo xooggan iyo cunaqabateyn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2012 |title=Iran's Nuclear Program – Council on Foreign Relations |work=Council on Foreign Relations |url=http://www.cfr.org/iran/irans-nuclear-program/p16811 |access-date=1 May 2024 |archive-date=20 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220182315/http://www.cfr.org/iran/irans-nuclear-program/p16811}}</ref> Sanadkii 2015, Iiraan iyo [[P5+1]] waxay ku heshiiyeen [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Heshiiska Nukliyeerka]], ujeedkiisuna ahaa in la soo afjaro cunaqabateynta dhaqaale beddelkeedana la xaddido soo saarista [[enriched uranium|yuraaniyamka la kobciyey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran Deal |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/328996 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=The White House |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112948/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/328996 |url-status=live}}</ref> Si kasta ha ahaatee, 2018-kii, [[United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|Mareykanka ayaa isaga baxay]] heshiiska intii uu jiray maamulkii Trump, waxaana dib loogu soo rogay cunaqabateyn. Tan waxaa kala kulmay iska caabin Iiraan iyo xubnaha kale ee P5+1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Kara |date=8 May 2018 |title=European leaders 'disappointed' in Trump's withdrawal from Iran deal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/08/europe/iran-deal-world-leaders-react/index.html |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174028/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/08/europe/iran-deal-world-leaders-react/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Sanad ka dib, Iiraan waxay bilowday inay dhimto u hoggaansanaanteeda heshiiska. Markay ahayd 2020, Iiraan waxay ku dhawaaqday inaysan dhowri doonin wax xaddidid ah oo uu dhigayo heshiisku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2020 |title=Iran abandons enrichment limits in further step back from nuclear deal |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200105-iran-abandons-enrichment-limits-in-further-step-back-from-nuclear-deal |access-date=1 May 2024 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501174027/https://www.france24.com/en/20200105-iran-abandons-enrichment-limits-in-further-step-back-from-nuclear-deal |url-status=live}}</ref> Guulaha tan iyo markaas laga gaaray waxay Iiraan keeneen meel u dhow heerka loogu yeero [[Nuclear latency|marinka nukliyeerka]]. === Saamaynta Gobolka === {{Main|Iranian influence in Lebanon|Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war|Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)}} [[File:Iranian Influence (2).png|thumb|Iiraan iyo [[sphere of influence|aagga saamaynteeda]]]] Saamaynta muuqata ee Iiraan waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu sifeeyaa "Bilowga Boqortooyada Cusub ee Faaris".<ref>{{Cite news |author=Fereydoun Khavand |date=14 September 2017 |title=Are We Witnessing The Dawn Of A New Persian Empire? |work=Radio Farda |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-influence-in-middle-east-new-empire/28735042.html |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha ayaa saamaynta Iiraan la xiriiriya dhaxalka qaran ee dalka, [[Achaemenid Empire|boqortooyadii]] hore iyo [[History of Iran|taariikhda]] qani ah ee ay leedahay. Kacaanka ka dib, Iran waxay kordhisay saamaynta ay ku leedahay gobolka iyo dibaddaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2015 |title=The Challenge of Iran |url=https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/challenge-iran |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/challenge-iran}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran, a Geopolitical Player in the Middle East |url=https://www.iemed.org/publication/iran-a-geopolitical-player-in-the-middle-east/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.iemed.org/publication/iran-a-geopolitical-player-in-the-middle-east/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=G. P. F. |date=16 February 2018 |title=Iranian Expansion Spreads Beyond the Middle East |url=https://geopoliticalfutures.com/iranian-expansion-spreads-beyond-middle-east/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Geopolitical Futures |language=en-US |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131115020/https://geopoliticalfutures.com/iranian-expansion-spreads-beyond-middle-east/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New report reveals extent of Iran's growing Middle East influence |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/7/new-report-reveals-extent-of-irans-growing-middle-east-influence |access-date=31 January 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131115020/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/7/new-report-reveals-extent-of-irans-growing-middle-east-influence |url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay dhistay ciidamo millatari oo leh shabakad ballaaran oo ka kooban xubno dawladeed iyo kuwo aan dawli ahayn, laga bilaabo Xisbullah ee Lubnaan sanadkii 1982.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=J. Robert |year=2018 |title=A Life Cycle Analysis of Hezbollah: Where the Group Came from and Where It Is Going |journal=American Intelligence Journal |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=67–73 |jstor=26566567}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hezbollah's Record on War & Politics |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hezbollahs-record-war-politics |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |date=25 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131093311/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hezbollahs-record-war-politics |url-status=live}}</ref> Ciidanka Ilaalada Kacaanka ee IRGC ayaa fure u ahaa saamaynta Iran, iyadoo loo marayo Cududda Quds.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 April 2019 |title=Profile: Iran's Revolutionary Guards |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47852262 |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316054026/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47852262 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hezbollah's Regional Activities in Support of Iran's Proxy Networks |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollahs-regional-activities-support-irans-proxy-networks |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513224544/https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollahs-regional-activities-support-irans-proxy-networks |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=DeVore |first=Marc R. |year=2012 |title=Exploring the Iran-Hezbollah Relationship: A Case Study of how State Sponsorship affects Terrorist Group Decision-Making |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=6 |issue=4/5 |pages=85–107 |jstor=26296878}}</ref> Deganaansho la'aanta Lubnaan (laga bilaabo 1980-meeyadii),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kliot |first=N. |year=1987 |title=The Collapse of the Lebanese State |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=54–74 |doi=10.1080/00263208708700688 |jstor=4283154}}</ref> Ciraaq (laga bilaabo 2003)<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 March 2023 |title=War, insurgency, IS and instability: Iraq since the 2003 US invasion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/19/war-insurgency-is-and-instability-iraq-since-the-2003-us-invasion |access-date=30 January 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> iyo Yemen (laga bilaabo 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=The Saudi-led War in Yemen: Frequently Asked Questions {{!}} Friends Committee On National Legislation |url=https://www.fcnl.org/issues/middle-east-iran/saudi-led-war-yemen-frequently-asked-questions |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128135958/https://www.fcnl.org/issues/middle-east-iran/saudi-led-war-yemen-frequently-asked-questions |url-status=live}}</ref> waxay Iran u ogolaatay inay dhisto xulafo xooggan iyo saldhigyo ka baxsan xuduudaheeda. Iran waxay saamayn weyn ku lahayd adeegyada bulshada, waxbarashada, dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda Lubnaan,<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor=resrep20960.6 |title=Hezbollah's Intervention in the Syrian Conflict |last1=Ali |first1=Mohanad Hage |journal=Power Points Defining the Syria-Hezbollah Relationship |date=30 January 2024 |pages=8–13 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akbar |first=Ali |date=8 August 2023 |title=Iran's soft power in the Middle East via the promotion of the Persian language |journal=Contemporary Politics |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=424–445 |doi=10.1080/13569775.2023.2169305 |issn=1356-9775 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lubnaanna waxay Iran siisaa marin ay ka gasho [[Badda Mediterranean-ka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tehran's Corridor to the Mediterranean Sea – EUROPolitika |url=https://www.europolitika.com/tehrans-corridor-to-the-mediterranean-sea/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=tr |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.europolitika.com/tehrans-corridor-to-the-mediterranean-sea/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2023 |title=Iran Threatens Mediterranean Closure Over Gaza Without Saying How |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-threatens-mediterranean-closure-over-gaza-without-saying-how/7409793.html |access-date=30 January 2024 |publisher=Voice of America |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-threatens-mediterranean-closure-over-gaza-without-saying-how/7409793.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Guulaha istiraatiijiyadeed ee Xisbullah ay ka gaartay Israa'iil, sida guushii calaamadda u ahayd intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii Lubnaan ee 2006|Dagaalkii 2006 ee Israa'iil iyo Xisbullah]], waxay sare u qaaday saamaynta Iran ee [[Levant]] waxayna xoojisay soo jiidashadeeda guud ahaan [[Dunida Islaamka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran Thrives In The Levant On Weakened States Threatened By Sunni Radicalism |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/iranian-corridor-middle-east-geopolitics-sectarianism-and-economic-integration |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.hoover.org/research/iranian-corridor-middle-east-geopolitics-sectarianism-and-economic-integration |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA560123 |title=How to Contain Iranian Influence in the Levant |language=en |access-date=30 January 2024 |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA560123 |url-status=live}}</ref> Duulaankii [[Duulaankii Ciraaq ee 2003|Mareykanka ee Ciraaq sanadkii 2003]] iyo imaatinkii [[Dawladda Islaamka|ISIS]] badhtamihii 2010-yadii ka dib, Iran waxay maalgelisay oo tababartay kooxo maleeshiyo ah oo Ciraaq jooga.<ref name="Institute for the Study of War">{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=http://dev-isw.bivings.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325065358/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-march-24 |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Luca Nevola |author2=Miran Feyli |date=23 May 2023 |title=The Muqawama and Its Enemies: Shifting Patterns in Iran-Backed Shiite Militia Activity in Iraq |url=https://acleddata.com/2023/05/23/the-muqawama-and-its-enemies-shifting-patterns-in-iran-backed-shiite-militia-activity-in-iraq/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ACLED |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://acleddata.com/2023/05/23/the-muqawama-and-its-enemies-shifting-patterns-in-iran-backed-shiite-militia-activity-in-iraq/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Crispin Smith |author2=Michael Knights |date=20 March 2023 |title=Remaking Iraq: How Iranian-Backed Militias Captured the Country |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/85566/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Just Security |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.justsecurity.org/85566/remaking-iraq-how-iranian-backed-militias-captured-the-country/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Dagaalkii Iran iyo Ciraaq iyo dhicitaankii [[Saddam Hussein]] ka dib, Iran waxay qaabaysay siyaasadda Ciraaq.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Much Influence Does Iran Have in Iraq? |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-much-influence-does-iran-have-iraq |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330011242/https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-much-influence-does-iran-have-iraq |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran is still the main foreign power in Iraq |url=https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/iran-is-still-the-main-foreign-power-in-iraq-121476 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ISPI |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130175734/https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/iran-is-still-the-main-foreign-power-in-iraq-121476 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title=Where does Iran stand on neighbouring Iraq's political turmoil? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/31/where-does-iran-stand-on-neighbouring-iraqs-political-turmoil |access-date=30 January 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/31/where-does-iran-stand-on-neighbouring-iraqs-political-turmoil |url-status=live}}</ref> Ka dib halgankii Ciraaq ee ka dhanka ahaa ISIS ee 2014, shirkado lala xiriiriyo IRGC sida [[Khatam-al Anbiya Construction Headquarters|Khatam al-Anbiya]], waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan waddooyin, xarumo koronto, hoteello iyo ganacsiyo Ciraaq dhexdeeda ah, iyagoo abuuray marin dhaqaale oo ku kacaya qiyaastii $9 bilyan ka hor [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:افزایش صادرات ایران به عراق تا 9 میلیارد دلار/ در تجارت با منطقه جایگاه مناسبی نداریم |url=https://khabarfarsi.com/u/111389054 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=KhabarFarsi.com |language=fa |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://khabarfarsi.com/u/111389054 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Achaemenid Empire 500 BCE.jpg|thumb|Boqortooyadii Achaemenid sanadkii 500 BC]] Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Yemen (2014–ilaa hadda)|Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Yemen]] Iran waxay taageero millatari siisay Xuutiyiinta,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Houthis, Iran, and tensions in the Red Sea |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/houthis-iran-and-tensions-red-sea |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Middle East Institute |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.mei.edu/publications/houthis-iran-and-tensions-red-sea |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2021 |title=How Iran Helped Houthis Expand Their Reach |url=https://warontherocks.com/2021/08/how-iran-helped-houthis-expand-their-reach/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://warontherocks.com/2021/08/how-iran-helped-houthis-expand-their-reach/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lester |first=Stephanie |date=19 December 2019 |title=Media Guide: Iran and the Yemeni Civil War |url=http://www.us-iran.org/resources/2019/12/19/media-guide-iran-and-the-yemeni-civil-war |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=American Iranian Council |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/http://www.us-iran.org/resources/2019/12/19/media-guide-iran-and-the-yemeni-civil-war |url-status=live}}</ref> oo ah dhaqdhaqaaq Shiico [[Zaydism|Zaydi]] ah oo la dagaalamayay dawladda [[Sunni Islam|Sunniga]] ee Yemen ilaa 2004,<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2023 |title=5 Things to Know About the Houthis, Their Attacks on Israel and the U.S., and Their Treatment of Yemen's Jews {{!}} AJC |url=https://www.ajc.org/news/5-things-to-know-about-the-houthis-their-attacks-on-israel-and-the-us-and-their-treatment-of |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.ajc.org/news/5-things-to-know-about-the-houthis-their-attacks-on-israel-and-the-us-and-their-treatment-of |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ignatius |first=David |date=16 January 2024 |title=Opinion {{!}} The Houthis sink an arrow into the West's Achilles' heel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/01/16/red-sea-houthis-supply-chain-disruption/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117171545/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/01/16/red-sea-houthis-supply-chain-disruption/ |url-status=live}}</ref> kuwaas oo helay [[Xiisadda Badda Cas|awood ballaaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemen's Houthi rebels seize cargo ship in Red Sea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/19/yemens-houthi-rebels-seize-cargo-ship-in-red-sea-israel-blames-iran |access-date=23 March 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324024030/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/19/yemens-houthi-rebels-seize-cargo-ship-in-red-sea-israel-blames-iran |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2024 |title=A ship earlier hit by Yemen's Houthi rebels sinks in the Red Sea, the first vessel lost in conflict |url=https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-rubymar-sinks-red-sea-fb64a490ce935756337ee3606e15d093 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323071241/https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-rubymar-sinks-red-sea-fb64a490ce935756337ee3606e15d093 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Clinch |first=first=Matt |date=25 March 2022 |title=Yemen's Houthis claim attack on Aramco facility after reports of a huge fire in Saudi city of Jeddah |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/25/reports-of-huge-fire-at-aramco-oil-facility-in-saudi-arabia.html |access-date=23 March 2024 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326083516/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/25/reports-of-huge-fire-at-aramco-oil-facility-in-saudi-arabia.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Iran waxay saamayn weyn ku leedahay Afgaanistaan iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha maleeshiyada ah sida [[Liwa Fatemiyoun|Qaybta Fatemiyoun]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2018 |title=Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria |url=https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235532/https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Iran's Tricky Balancing Act in Afghanistan |url=https://warontherocks.com/2021/07/irans-tricky-balancing-act-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=War on the Rocks |language=en-US |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322050754/https://warontherocks.com/2021/07/irans-tricky-balancing-act-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> iyo [[Xisbullah Afgaanistaan]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Ari Heistein |author2=James West |date=20 November 2015 |title=Syria's Other Foreign Fighters: Iran's Afghan and Pakistani Mercenaries |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/syrias-other-foreign-fighters-irans-afghan-pakistani-14400 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=National Interest}}</ref><ref name="aijac">{{cite web |author=Oved Lobel |date=16 November 2018 |title=Afghanistan: The Forgotten Front Against Iran |url=https://aijac.org.au/fresh-air/afghanistan-the-forgotten-front-against-iran/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=aijac.org}}</ref> iyo sidoo kale Pakistan iyada oo loo marayo kooxaha maleeshiyada ah sida [[Liwa Zainabiyoun|Guutada Zainabiyoun]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2016 |title=Meet the Zainebiyoun Brigade: An Iranian Backed Pakistani Shia Militia Fighting in Syria – The OSINT Blog |work=The OSINT Blog |url=https://theosintblog.com/2016/04/28/meet-the-zainebiyoun-brigade-an-iranian-backed-pakistani-shia-militia-fighting-in-syria/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502213753/https://theosintblog.com/2016/04/28/meet-the-zainebiyoun-brigade-an-iranian-backed-pakistani-shia-militia-fighting-in-syria/ |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> iyo [[Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan]].<ref name="pakistantoday.com.pk">{{Cite web |title='200 Iranian-trained Sipah-e-Muhammad activists hunting down ASWJ workers' |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/05/26/%E2%80%98200-iranian-trained-sipah-e-muhammad-activists-hunting-down-aswj-workers%E2%80%99/ |access-date=2018-07-26 |website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk |language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726135021/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/05/26/%E2%80%98200-iranian-trained-sipah-e-muhammad-activists-hunting-down-aswj-workers%E2%80%99/|archive-date=2018-07-26}}</ref> Suuriya dhexdeeda, Iran waxay taageertay Madaxweyne [[Bashar al-Assad]];<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Terrill |first=W. Andrew |year=2015 |title=Iran's Strategy for Saving Asad |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-east-journal_spring-2015_69_2/page/222 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=222–236 |doi=10.3751/69.2.1 |jstor=43698235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2012 |title=Iran's Evolving Policy on Syria |url=https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/jul/30/iran%E2%80%99s-evolving-policy-syria |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/jul/30/iran%E2%80%99s-evolving-policy-syria}}</ref> labada waddan waxay ahaayeen xulafo muddo dheer soo jiray.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samii |first=Abbas William |year=2008 |title=A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hizbullah-Iran-Syria Relationship |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_middle-east-journal_winter-2008_62_1/page/32 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=32–53 |doi=10.3751/62.1.12 |jstor=25482471}}</ref><ref name="Institute for the Study of War"/> Iran waxay taageero millatari iyo dhaqaale oo weyn siisay dawladda Assad,<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2023 |title=Why is Iran Involved in Syria: A Look at Multifaceted Reasons |work=Best Diplomats &#124; New York |url=https://bestdiplomats.org/why-is-iran-involved-in-syria/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://bestdiplomats.org/why-is-iran-involved-in-syria/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran Update, September 20, 2023 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-20-2023 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Critical Threats |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174232/https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-20-2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> sidaas darteed waxay saldhig weyn ku lahayd Suuriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After 7 years of war, Assad has won in Syria. What's next for Washington? |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/after-7-years-of-war-assad-has-won-in-syria-whats-next-for-washington/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Brookings |language=en-US |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.brookings.edu/articles/after-7-years-of-war-assad-has-won-in-syria-whats-next-for-washington/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syria's Stalemate Has Only Benefitted Assad and His Backers |url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=United States Institute of Peace |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318081024/https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/03/syrias-stalemate-has-only-benefitted-assad-and-his-backers}}</ref> Iran waxay muddo dheer taageertay ururada ku yaala [[Waqooyiga Afrika]] ee dalalka sida [[Aljeeriya]] iyo [[Tunisia]]. Iran waxay soo dhoweysay [[Xamaas]] qayb ahaan si ay gacan uga geysato wiiqidda caannimada [[Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin|Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin]] (PLO).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran and Hamas beyond the borders of the Middle East |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/iran-and-hamas-beyond-borders-middle-east |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=[[Middle East Institute]] |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.mei.edu/publications/iran-and-hamas-beyond-borders-middle-east |url-status=live}}</ref> Taageerada Iran ee Xamaas waxay si cad u soo baxday sannadihii dambe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skare |first=Erik |date=18 December 2023 |title=Iran, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad: A marriage of convenience |url=https://ecfr.eu/article/iran-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=ECFR |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116122514/https://ecfr.eu/article/iran-hamas-and-islamic-jihad-a-marriage-of-convenience/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hamas-Iran Relationship {{!}} The Washington Institute |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-iran-relationship |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-iran-relationship |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamas And Israel: Iran's Role |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hamas-and-israel-irans-role |access-date=30 January 2024 |website= |date=10 October 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174231/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hamas-and-israel-irans-role |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Jake Tapper |author2=Katie Bo Lillis |date=14 November 2023 |title=Found document suggests Iran sought to help Hamas make its own weapons ahead of attack, sources say |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/politics/document-iran-hamas-weapons/index.html |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=30 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130174230/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/14/politics/document-iran-hamas-weapons/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay sirdoonka Mareykanka, Iran si buuxda uma maamusho kooxahan dawliga ah iyo kuwa aan dawliga ahayn.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=US intelligence officials estimate Tehran does not have full control of its proxy groups |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/01/iran-proxies-intel-houthis-00139099 |website=Politico |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329202849/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/01/iran-proxies-intel-houthis-00139099 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Xuquuqda aadanaha iyo faafreebka === {{Main|Xuquuqda aadanaha ee Iran|Faafreebka Iran}} {{See also|Ciqaabta dilka ee Iran|Cadaadiska siyaasadeed ee Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iran}} [[File:EvinHouseofDetention.jpg|thumb|Albaabka laga galo [[Xabsiga Evin]], oo la aasaasay 1972. [[Vice Media|VICE]] waxay ku tilmaantay xabsiga "meesha argagaxa leh ee halyeeyga ah oo qofna uusan rabin inuu ku dambeyno."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voA0cS1JiGQ |title=VICE Guide to Iran with Suroosh Alvi |date=15 April 2020 |last=VICE |access-date=17 May 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref>|225x225px]] Dawladda Iran ayaa lagu cambaareeyay ururo caalami ah iyo dawlado kala duwan inay ku xad-gudubto xuquuqda aadanaha.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=Iran |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430053909/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-date=30 April 2019 |access-date=30 April 2019 |website=}}</ref> Dawladdu waxay inta badan dhibaataysay oo xirtay dadka dhaleeceeya dawladda. Sharciga Iran ma aqoonsana [[Xuquuqda LGBT ee Iran|jihada galmada]]. [[Xuquuqda LGBT ee Iran|Dhaqdhaqaaqa galmada ee u dhexeeya xubnaha isku jinsiga ah]] waa sharci darro waana [[Ciqaabta dilka ee khaniisnimada|lagu ciqaabaa dil]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Avery |title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal |url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 |work=Newsweek |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Iran defends execution of gay people |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-defends-execution-of-gay-people/a-49144899 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109074057/https://www.dw.com/en/iran-defends-execution-of-gay-people/a-49144899 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ciqaabta dilka]] waa ciqaab sharci ah, marka loo eego BBC-da, Iran "waxay fulisaa dilal ka badan waddan kasta, marka laga reebo Shiinaha".<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran halts execution of three protesters after online campaign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53463685 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=17 May 2024 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907110937/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53463685 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Javaid Rehman]] ayaa soo sheegay takoor ka dhan ah dhowr qowmiyadood oo laga tiro badan yahay oo Iran jooga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 October 2019 |title=Iran: UN expert says ethnic, religious minorities face discrimination |work=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] |location=New York |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2019/10/iran-un-expert-says-ethnic-religious-minorities-face-discrimination |access-date=12 December 2023 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2019/10/iran-un-expert-says-ethnic-religious-minorities-face-discrimination |url-status=live}}</ref> Koox khubaro ah oo ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay sanadkii 2022 ayaa ku boriyay Iran inay joojiso "cadaadiska nidaamsan" ee ka dhanka ah diimaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyagoo raaciyay in xubno ka tirsan [[Baháʼí Faith|Diinta Bahaa'iga]] la xiray, laga mamnuucay jaamacadaha, ama guryahooda la dumiyay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Rights experts urge Iran to end 'systematic persecution' of religious minorities |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/08/1125162 |access-date=12 December 2023 |website=[[UN News]] |language=en |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/08/1125162 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=UN Rights Experts Call On Iran To Stop Persecution Of Baha'is, Other Religious Minorities |language=en |work=[[RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-bahai-faith-persecution-un-rights-religious-minorities/31999696.html |access-date=12 December 2023 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212074243/https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-bahai-faith-persecution-un-rights-religious-minorities/31999696.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, baaritaan uu sameeyay Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in Iran ay gashay [[xasuuq]] ka dhan ah dadka siyaasadda iyo diimaha laga tirada badan yahay intii uu socday [[Xasuuqii Iran ee 1981–1982|xasuuqyadii 1981–1982]] iyo [[Toogashadii 1988 ee maxaabiista siyaasadeed ee Iran|dilalkii wadajirka ahaa ee 1988]].<ref name="ShahinClerical">{{cite journal |last1=Nasiri |first1=Shahin |title=Clerical Sovereignty and its Absolute Others: Religious Genocide in Iran |journal=[[Journal of Genocide Research]] |date=25 September 2025 |volume=28 |pages=1–25 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14623528.2025.2566533#abstract |access-date=24 October 2025 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |issn=1462-3528}}</ref> Faafreebka waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu daran adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran |url=https://rsf.org/en/iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119053026/https://rsf.org/en/iran |archive-date=19 January 2018 |access-date=9 September 2017 |website=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2016 |title=The World Press Freedom Index |url=https://rsf.org/en/world-press-freedom-index |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419141729/https://rsf.org/en/world-press-freedom-index |archive-date=19 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=[[Wariyayaasha aan Xuduudda Lahayn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=Freedom in the World 2019, Iran |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430053909/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/iran |archive-date=30 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=Freedom House}}</ref> Iran waxay leedahay [[Faafreebka internetka ee Iran|faafreeb internet oo adag]], iyadoo dawladdu ay si joogto ah u xannibto baraha bulshada iyo baraha kale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Chloe |date=21 November 2019 |title=Iran's internet blackout enters fifth day as government claims victory over protesters |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/21/irans-internet-blackout-enters-fifth-day-amid-fuel-price-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122155819/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/21/irans-internet-blackout-enters-fifth-day-amid-fuel-price-protests.html |archive-date=22 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mihalcik |first=Carrie |title=Iran's internet has been shut down for days amid protests |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/irans-internet-has-been-shut-down-for-days-amid-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126051521/https://www.cnet.com/news/irans-internet-has-been-shut-down-for-days-amid-protests/ |archive-date=26 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=[[CNET]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TechCrunch">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=Iran shuts down country's internet in the wake of fuel protests |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/17/iran-shuts-down-countrys-internet-in-the-wake-of-fuel-protests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125171635/https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/17/iran-shuts-down-countrys-internet-in-the-wake-of-fuel-protests/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo Janaayo 2021, mas'uuliyiintu waxay xannibeen dhowr barood oo baraha bulshada ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=MacLellan |first1=Stephanie |date=9 January 2018 |title=What You Need to Know about Internet Censorship in Iran |url=https://www.cigionline.org/articles/what-you-need-know-about-internet-censorship-iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124164741/https://www.cigionline.org/articles/what-you-need-know-about-internet-censorship-iran |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=Centre for International Governance Innovation |language=en}}</ref> Natiijooyinkii doorashada 2006 ayaa si weyn loogu muransanaa, taas oo keentay [[Mudaharaadyadii doorashada madaxweynaha ee Iran ee 2009|mudaharaadyo]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Landry |first=Carole |date=25 June 2009 |title=G8 calls on Iran to halt election violence |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSWPwBGmOByDmvG6OPfqesxJ2O7Q |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312135716/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSWPwBGmOByDmvG6OPfqesxJ2O7Q |archive-date=12 March 2011 |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tait |first1=Robert |last2=Black |first2=Ian |last3=Tran |first3=Mark |date=17 June 2009 |title=Iran protests: Fifth day of unrest as regime cracks down on critics |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221142529/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/17/iran-protests-day-five |archive-date=21 December 2016 |access-date=14 December 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2009 |title=Iran clerics defy election ruling |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8134904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010065919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8134904.stm |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=18 June 2011 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 September 2009 |title=Is this government legitimate? |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/07/090704_op_brief_majma_qom.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409060631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2009/07/090704_op_brief_majma_qom.shtml |archive-date=9 April 2015 |access-date=18 June 2011 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> [[Mudaharaadyadii Iran ee 2017–18]] ayaa ku baahay dalka oo dhan iyadoo looga jawaabayay xaaladda dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=4 August 2018 |title=Protests Pop Up Across Iran, Fueled by Daily Dissatisfaction |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/04/world/middleeast/iran-protests.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023212544/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/04/world/middleeast/iran-protests.html |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=5 August 2022 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Waxaa si rasmi ah loo xaqiijiyay in kumanaan mudaaharaadayaal ah la xiray.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 2019 |title=Iran arrested 7,000 in crackdown on dissent during 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46984649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528144810/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46984649 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=5 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> [[Mudaharaadyadii Iran ee 2019–20]] waxay ka bilaabmeen 15kii Noofambar magaalada [[Ahvaz]], waxayna ku baaheen dalka oo dhan ka dib markii ay dawladdu ku dhawaaqday kor u kac qiimaha shidaalka ah oo gaaraya ilaa 300%.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 November 2019 |title=In Pictures: Iranians protest against the increase in fuel prices |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/pictures-iranians-protest-increase-fuel-prices-191117091345643.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119060103/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/pictures-iranians-protest-increase-fuel-prices-191117091345643.html |archive-date=19 November 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> [[Xiritaanka Internetka ee Iran ee 2019|Internetka oo la damiyay muddo toddobaad ah]] ayaa calaamadeeyay mid ka mid ah xiritaankii ugu darraa ee internetka ee waddan kasta, iyo cadaadiskii dawladeed ee ugu dhiigga badnaa ee mudaaharaadayaasha.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shutdown |first=Iran Internet |title=A web of impunity: The killings Iran's internet shutdown hid |url=https://iran-shutdown.amnesty.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110235750/https://iran-shutdown.amnesty.org/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> Tobanaan kun ayaa la xiray boqolaalna waa la dilay dhowr maalmood gudahood sida ay sheegeen goobjoogayaal caalami ah oo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jirto [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Special Report: Iran's leader ordered crackdown on unrest – 'Do whatever it takes to end it' |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protests-specialreport/special-report-irans-leader-ordered-crackdown-on-unrest-do-whatever-it-takes-to-end-it-idUSKBN1YR0QR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223095916/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protests-specialreport/special-report-irans-leader-ordered-crackdown-on-unrest-do-whatever-it-takes-to-end-it-idUSKBN1YR0QR |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> [[Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752]] wuxuu ahaa duulimaad caalami ah oo rakaab rayid ah oo ka yimid Tehran kuna socday [[Kyiv]], oo ay maamusho [[Ukraine International Airlines]]. 8-dii Janaayo 2020, Boeing 737–800 oo duulaysay marinkaas ayaa waxaa soo riday IRGC waxyar ka dib markii ay kacday, iyadoo dishay dhammaan 176-dii qof ee saarnaa taasna waxay keentay [[Mudaharaadyadii Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752|mudaaharaadyo]]. Baaritaan caalami ah ayaa horseeday in dawladdu ay qirato soo ridista, iyadoo ugu yeertay "qalad bini'aadam".<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2020 |title=Ukrainian airplane with 180 aboard crashes in Iran: Fars |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-crash/ukrainian-airplane-with-180-aboard-crashes-in-iran-fars-idUSKBN1Z70EL |archive-date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 January 2020 |title=Demands for justice after Iran's plane admission |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112185600/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51077788 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> [[Mudaharaadyadii Mahsa Amini|Mudaharaadyo kale oo looga soo horjeedo dawladda]] ayaa bilowday 16-kii Sebtembar 2022 ka dib markii haweeney lagu magacaabo [[Dhimashadii Mahsa Amini|Mahsa Amini ay ku dhimatay gacanta booliiska]] ka dib markii ay xireen [[Guidance Patrol]], oo loo yaqaan "booliiska asluubta".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who are Iran's 'morality police'? – DW – 12/04/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-irans-morality-police/a-63200711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023065624/https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-irans-morality-police/a-63200711 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 2022 |title=Protests flare across Iran in violent unrest over woman's death |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tehran-governor-accuses-protesters-attacks-least-22-arrested-2022-09-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927195508/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tehran-governor-accuses-protesters-attacks-least-22-arrested-2022-09-20/ |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leonhardt |first1=David |date=26 September 2022 |title=Iran's Ferocious Dissent |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/briefing/iran-protests-mahsa-amini.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927061245/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/briefing/iran-protests-mahsa-amini.html |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2022 |title=Iranian woman dies 'after being beaten by morality police' over hijab law |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/16/iranian-woman-dies-after-being-beaten-by-morality-police-over-hijab-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920020636/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/sep/16/iranian-woman-dies-after-being-beaten-by-morality-police-over-hijab-law |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Cadaadiskii dawladdu ay saartay mudaaharaadyada ayaa Qaramada Midoobay ay ku tilmaantay [[danbi ka dhan ah bini'aadantinimada]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2024 |title=Iran committed crimes against humanity during protest crackdown, UN says |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/8/iran-committed-crimes-against-humanity-during-protest-crackdown-un-says |access-date=6 September 2025 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == {{Main|Dhaqaalaha Iran}} {{See also|Kaalmooyinka Iran|Bangiyada iyo caymiska ee Iran}} Laga bilaabo {{As of|2024}}, Iran waxay leedahay dhaqaalaha [[Liiska wadamada marka loo eego GDP (PPP)|19-aad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego GDP-ga lagu hagaajiyay PPP]]. Waa [[Dhaqaale isku dhafan|isku dhafka]] [[Dhaqaalaha qorshaysan|qorshaynta dhexe]], [[lahaanshaha dawladda]] ee saliidda iyo shirkadaha kale ee waaweyn, beeraha tuulooyinka, iyo ganacsiga gaarka ah ee yar-yar iyo mashaariicda adeegga.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.traveldocs.com/ir/economy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192955/http://www.traveldocs.com/ir/economy.htm |archive-date=8 June 2011 |title=Iran economy |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> Adeegyadu waxay ku darsadaan boqolkiiba ugu weyn ee GDP-ga, waxaa ku xiga warshadaha ([[Macdanta Iran|macdanta]] iyo wax soo saarka) iyo [[Beeraha Iran|beeraha]].<ref>[http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf ''Iran Investment Monthly''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf |date=20131031023806 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031023806/http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay12.pdf |date=31 October 2013 }}. Turquoise Partners (April 2012). Retrieved 24 July 2012.</ref> Dhaqaalaha waxaa lagu gartaa waaxda hydrocarbon-ka, wax soo saarka iyo adeegyada maaliyadda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran/overview |access-date=24 December 2023 |publisher=World Bank |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704155746/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran/overview |url-status=live}}</ref> Iyadoo leh 10% [[Kaydka saliidda ee Iran|kaydka saliidda]] adduunka iyo 15% [[Kaydka Gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Iran|kaydka gaaska]], Iran waa [[quwad weyn oo dhinaca tamarta ah]]. In ka badan [[Warshadaha Iran|40 warshadood]] ayaa si toos ah ugu lug leh [[Sarrifka saamiyada ee Tehran]]. [[File:Tehran Stock Exchange 3513534.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Sarrifka saamiyada ee Tehran]]]] Tehran waa xarunta xoogga dhaqaale ee Iran.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Tehran (Iran): People – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy |access-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123001337/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy |archive-date=23 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Qiyaastii 30% shaqaalaha waaxda guud ee Iran iyo 45% shirkadaheeda warshadaha ee waaweyn waxay ku yaallaan halkaas, kala bar shaqaalaha shirkadahaasna waxay u shaqeeyaan dawladda.<ref>{{cite web |author=Cordesman, Anthony H. |date=23 September 2008 |title=The US, Israel, the Arab States and a Nuclear Iran. Part One: Iranian Nuclear Programs |url=http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806042511/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2010 |access-date=25 September 2010 |work=Center for Strategic and International Studies}}</ref> [[Bangiga Dhexe ee Iran]] ayaa ka mas'uul ah horumarinta iyo ilaalinta lacagta: [[Rial-ka Iran]]. Dawladdu ma aqoonsana [[Liiska ururada shaqaalaha ee Iran|ururada shaqaalaha]] marka laga reebo golayaasha shaqaalaha ee Islaamiga ah, kuwaas oo ku xiran ogolaanshaha loo shaqeeyayaasha iyo adeegyada amniga.<ref name="ayatoil">{{cite news |title=Iran's banned trade unions: Aya-toiling |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21576408-though-watched-and-muzzled-independent-labour-unions-are-stirring-aya-toiling |access-date=23 June 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=20 April 2013 |archive-date=23 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623080810/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21576408-though-watched-and-muzzled-independent-labour-unions-are-stirring-aya-toiling |url-status=live}}</ref> Iran waxay ahayd dalkii ugu horeeyay ee soo bandhiga [[Dakhliga aasaasiga ah ee caalamiga ah|dakhliga aasaasiga ah ee qaranka]] deyrta 2010.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2011 |title=Iran's bold economic reform: Economic jihad |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/06/23/economic-jihad |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> Shaqo la'aantu waxay ahayd 9% sanadkii 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iran/unemployment-rate |title=Iran Unemployment Rate |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108141105/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/iran/unemployment-rate |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Siyaasadda Iran#Miisaaniyadda|Dhimista miisaaniyadda]] waxay ahayd dhibaato raagto, badanaa waxaa ugu wacan [[Kaalmooyinka Iran|kaalmooyinka dawladeed ee waaweyn]], oo ay ku jiraan agabka cuntada iyo gaar ahaan shidaalka, oo wadartoodu gaartay $100 bilyan sanadkii 2022 tamarta oo kaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202205093109 |title=Senior Official Says Iran Paying $100 Billion In Energy Subsidies |website=Iran International |date=9 May 2022 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604142038/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202205093109 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/07/jan/1295.html |title=Ahmadinejad's Achilles Heel: The Iranian Economy |website= |access-date=18 June 2011 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010061417/http://www.payvand.com/news/07/jan/1295.html}}</ref> Sannadkii 2010, qorshaha dib-u-habaynta dhaqaalaha wuxuu ahaa in la yareeyo kaalmooyinka si tartiib-tartiib ah laguna beddelo gargaar bulsho oo bartilmaameed ah. Ujeeddadu waa in loo guuro xaggii qiimaha suuqa xorta ah iyo in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka iyo cadaaladda bulshada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://go.worldbank.org/KQD2RP3RX0 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20110210062245/http://go.worldbank.org/KQD2RP3RX0 |archive-date=10 February 2011 |title=Iran – Country Brief |access-date=30 January 2010}}</ref> Maamulku wuxuu sii wadaa dib-u-habaynta, wuxuuna tilmaamayaa inuu kala duwanayn doono dhaqaalaha saliidda ku tiirsan. Iran waxay horumarisay [[Bioteknoolajiyadda Iran|bioteknoolajiyadda]], [[Nanotechnoolajiyadda Iran|nanotechnoolajiyadda]], iyo warshadaha [[Daawooyinka Iran|daawooyinka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nanovip.com/nanotechnology-companies/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114070827/http://www.nanovip.com/nanotechnology-companies/iran |archive-date=14 November 2006 |title=List of Iranian Nanotechnology companies |access-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> Dawladdu waxay [[Gaar u lahaanshaha Iran|gaar u leedahay warshadaha]]. Iran waxay leedahay warshado wax soo saar oo hormuud u ah samaynta baabuurta, gaadiidka, agabka dhismaha, qalabka guryaha, cuntada iyo agabka beeraha, hubka, daawooyinka, tignoolajiyada macluumaadka, iyo petrochemicals ee Bariga Dhexe.<ref name="Economy">{{cite web |url=https://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk/ukti/appmanager/ukti/countries?_nfls=false&_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CountryType1&navigationPageId=/iran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213220829/https://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk/ukti/appmanager/ukti/countries?_nfls=false&_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=CountryType1&navigationPageId=%2Firan |archive-date=13 February 2006 |title=UK Trade & Investment |date=13 February 2006 |access-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> Waxay ka mid tahay shanta soo saara ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ee [[apricot]]-ka, [[cherry|jeeriga]], [[qajaarka]], [[timirta]], [[bergamot|fiigga]], [[pistachio]]-ga, [[walnut]]-ka, [[Kiwifruit]]-ka iyo [[qaraha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |title=FAOSTAT |website=FAO |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=12 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cunaqabataynta caalamiga ah ee ka dhanka ah Iran]] ayaa waxyeelo u geysatay dhaqaalaha.<ref name="everend">{{cite news |title=Iran and sanctions: When will it ever end? |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2012/08/18/when-will-it-ever-end |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=23 June 2013 |date=18 August 2012 |archive-date=30 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530021803/http://www.economist.com/node/21560596 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iran waa mid ka mid ah saddex waddan oo aan weli ansixin [[Heshiiska Paris]] si loo xaddido [[Isbeddelka cimilada ee Bariga Dhexe iyo Waqooyiga Afrika|isbeddelka cimilada]], inkastoo aqoonyahanadu ay sheegaan inay u wanaagsan tahay dalka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Larch |first1=Mario |last2=Wanner |first2=Joschka |title=The consequences of non-participation in the Paris Agreement |journal=European Economic Review |date=April 2024 |volume=163 |article-number=104699 |doi=10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104699 |hdl=10419/302105 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}} {{Dalalka Aasiya}} {{Western Asia}} [[Category:Wadamada Aasiya]] m2bh6q8akqeck5lzyeb34azkxi01r8w Mareexaan 0 5254 312249 312067 2026-11-11T05:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Mareexaan<br>مريحان | image = | caption = | type = [[Daarood|Qabiilka Soomaaliyeed ee Daarood]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Somalia]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Ethiopia]]<br>{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemen]] | descended = [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islaam]] | branches = | parent_tribe = Sade | image_size = 250px }}{{Beelaha_Soomaalida}} '''Marehan''' ({{lang-so|Mareexaan}}) ({{lang-ar|مريحان}}) waa qabiil ka mid ah beelaha [[Soomaaliyeed]] ee ugu waaweyn qabiilka [[Daarood]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |date=19 June 2015 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |page=12 |isbn=978-1-01-472670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=i+m+lewis+daarood+1%2C000%2C000&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |date=July 1959 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=274–293 |doi=10.2307/1157617 |jstor=1157617 |s2cid=143243256 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |access-date=18 September 2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Mareexaan waa qabiilka ugu badan ee dega dowlad-goboleedka [[Jubaland]], wuxuuna ku badan yahay gobollada [[Gedo]], [[Jubbada Dhexe]] iyo [[Jubbada Hoose]]. Magaalooyinka waaweyn ee ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah [[Beled Xaawo]], [[Jilib]], [[Saakow]], [[Kismaayo]], [[Baardheere]] iyo Buurgaabo. Waxay si gaar ah ugu badan yihiin galbeedka [[Jubbada Dhexe]], gaar ahaan agagaarka [[Bu'aale|Buaale]]. Xoolahoodu waxay daaqaan dhulal fogfog oo ka tirsan [[Shabeellaha Hoose]] iyo xeebaha [[Jubbada Hoose]]. Waxay sidoo kale degaan koonfurta, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka Bilis Qooqaani, Biibi iyo Midi, iyo deegaanno kale oo kala duwan. Qabiilku wuxuu ka mid yahay beelaha ugu badan ee degmada Kismaayo, wuxuuna dhul ballaaran ku leeyahay gobolka [[Badhaadhe]]. Dhulkaas waxaa sidoo kale dega beelaha Dagoodi iyo Gaaljecel, gaar ahaan dhulka xeebaha ah. Deegaannada ugu waaweyn ee Mareexaan ka degaan waxaa ka mid ah Raas Mareexaan iyo Buurgaabo. Magaalooyinka kale ee ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah Birta Dheer, [[Istanbul]], Qudus, [[Goobweyn]], Berhan iyo Buulo Xaaji. Qabiilka Mareexaan waxaa sidoo kale laga helaa [[Galmudug]], gaar ahaan gobolka [[Galguduud]], halkaas oo ay ka mid yihiin beelaha ugu badan ee dega. Waxay si gaar ah ugu badan yihiin magaalada iyo degmada [[Caabudwaaq]]. Qabiilka waxaa sidoo kale laga helaa bariga Wajeer, halkaas oo uu ka mid yahay beelaha ugu badan. Waxay degaan dhulka ku teedsan waddada, waxaana si weyn looga helaa Mandheera iyo Gaarisa. Beeshani sidoo kale waxay ka mid tahay beelaha waaweyn ee dowlad-goboleedka [[Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]], waxayna degaan qaybo badan oo ka mid ah degmooyinka Yeed, Qansaxdheere iyo Diinsoor. Xuduudda daaqsinka ee qabiilku waxay ka bilaabataa magaalada Buurgaabo ee degmada Badhaadhe, waxayna gaartaa Baraawe. Qabiillada Hubeer iyo Yantaar ayaa la sheegay inay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Mareexaan, waxayna degaan gobollada Diinsoor iyo Qansaxdheere, halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin walaalahooda Yabar Xuseen. Qabiilka Mareexaan wuxuu sidoo kale degaa inta badan jasiiradaha Bajuuni, oo ay ku jirto jasiiradda Kooyama. Mareexaan waxay degeen Raas Mareexaan horraantii qarnigii 20-aad, iyagoo deegaanno ka samaystay meel u dhow jasiiradaha Bajuuni. Qabiilka Mareexaan waxaa sidoo kale laga helaa magaalada Diridhaba, oo la sheegay inay iyagu dhiseen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka ugu badan ee magaalada dega waa Oromo, inkasta oo ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin Soomaali tiro badan. Waxaa sidoo kale laga helaa deegaanno ka tirsan gobolka Bale, sida Ginir, iyo gobolka Shewa, gaar ahaan magaalada Adama. Qabiilka waxaa sidoo kale laga helaa deegaanno ku baahsan gobollada Axmaarada, Tigrayga iyo Gurage, kuwaas oo intooda badan la sheegay inay ka soo farcameen dadkii ka haray dagaalladii Adal. ==Dulmar== Intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad, Mareexaan waxaa la sheegay inay degganaayeen dhul ka bilaabma Bandar Siyada ee Gacanka Cadmeed ilaa Raas-el-Khail ee Badweynta Hindiya, taas oo ka dhigan inta badan waqooyiga Soomaaliya.<ref>Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 12 by James Hastings, {{ISBN|0-7661-3687-6}}, pp. 490</ref> Qabiilka waxaa lagu xusay inuu door muhiim ah ka qaatay ololihii Imaam Axmad bin Ibrihim al-Ghazi ee ka dhanka ahaa Itoobiya qarnigii 16-aad. Taliyihii ciidamada Soomaalida, isla markaana ahaa ku-xigeenka ugu dhow ee imaamka, wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye Mareexaan ah oo la oran jiray Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros. Axmad ibn Ibrihim Al-Ghazi laftiisa ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay inuu ka tirsanaa qabiilka, faraciisana waxaa laga helaa Gedo, Soomaaliya, iyagoo ka tirsan beesha Reer Garaad. Sidoo kale, qaar ka mid ah dadka Axmaarada iyo Gurage ayaa sheegta inay qabiilka ka soo jeedaan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec0000pank|url-access=registration|title=An introduction to the economic history of Ethiopia, from early times to 1800|last=Pankhurst|first=Richard|date=1961-01-01|publisher=Lalibela House|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec0000pank/page/175 175]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgIwAQAAIAAJ|title=The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century|last=ʻArabfaqīh|first=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors|others=Probably the Habar Makadur, as a footnote [I.M. Lewis]|page=27|isbn=978-0-9723172-6-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|quote=There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).|publisher=Red Sea Press|year=1998|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0}}</ref> Waxay si wadajir ah uga qayb qaateen sidii ciidammada cadowga looga riixi lahaa bannaanka Harar iyo deegaannada ka sii fog, iyagoo gacan ka geystay xasillooni-darradii ku timid boqortooyadii Masiixiga ahayd ee Itoobiya. Dagaalladaas waxaa ka qayb galay qaansoley Soomaali ah oo ka kala tirsanaa Mareexaan iyo Gerri. Al-Ghazi wuxuu ku guulaystay inuu ka adkaado ciidammadii Itoobiya oo tiradoodu lagu sheegay 16,000 oo fardooley ah iyo in ka badan 200,000 oo ciidan lug ah. Burburkii saldanadda ka dib, qabiilku wuxuu sii waday inuu saameyn ku yeesho imaamkii Aussa.<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800''</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale jiray Amiir Nuur ibn Mujaahid, oo ahaa hoggaamiye kale oo duullaan ku qaaday Itoobiya. Wuxuu ahaa taliyihii cutubka Melesay, wuxuuna qabsaday gobollo ka tirsan koonfur-bari Itoobiya. Wuxuu si guul leh uga adkaaday ciidammadii Gelawdewos, kaas oo lagu dilay dagaalkii Fatgar. Waxa kale oo uu dhisay derbiyada magaalada Harar oo dhererkoodu dhan yahay 3.9 km. Derbiyadaasi waxay ka mid yihiin goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO, waana derbiyada ugu dhaadheer bariga Afrika. Wiilkiisu wuxuu taageeray Talxa bin Cabbaas, oo ahaa ina Wazir Cabbaas, dagaalkii uu kula jiray faracii Cuthmaan ee Xabashida. Faraciisuna waxay sii wadeen xukunka imaaraadka Harar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|quote=There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).|publisher=Red Sea Press|year=1998|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0}}</ref><ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800''</ref> ===Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros=== Mareexaan wuxuu Adal ku lahaa hoggaamiyeyaal badan oo awood leh, waxaana ka mid ahaa Garaad Hirabu, oo la siiyey magaca Amiirka Soomaalida. Intii uu socday dagaalkii Adal, waxaa jiray saddex jeneraal oo kala ahaa Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros iyo Suldaan Muhammad.<ref>S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"</ref> Garaad Hirabu ayaa la sheegay inuu Imaamka ka badbaadiyey Suldaan Abuu Bakar ibn Muxamed, oo ahaa ninkii ay xafiiltamayeen ee boqortooyadii Abaadir, isla markaana dilay ina-adeerkii Garaad Hirabu iyo Axmad ibn Ibraahim Al-Ghazi oo loo yaqaanay Abuun Cadaashe. Abuu Bakar bin Muxamed, isaga oo doonayay inuu ka aarguto qabsashadii Saldanadda Adal ee ay la wareegtay boqortooyadii Abaadir, wuxuu isku dayay inuu afgambi ku sameeyo Imaamka oo uu dilo. Hase yeeshee, waxaa arrintaas ka hor istaagay Amiir Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros.<ref>S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"</ref> Garaad Hirabu wuxuu ahaa wiilkii Goyta Cali (Tedros, oo ahaa magac ay bixiyeen dadka deegaanka Harla). Aabbihii wuxuu hayey xil sare oo ka tirsan suldaannimada, wuxuuna maamuli jiray dhammaan waddooyinka ganacsiga ee boqortooyada. Waxa kale oo uu hayn jiray furayaasha albaabbada Harar xilliyada habeenkii. Magaca Goyta wuxuu ahaa darajo ka hooseysa oo keliya tan Amiirka iyo Suldaanka, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa darajooyinka ugu sarreeya ee hoggaanka ciidanka. Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros wuxuu ku guulaystay inuu qabsado gobollada Bale iyo Tigrayga.<ref>S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"</ref> ==Kooxaha== Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba wuxuu ahaa garab siyaasadeed oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalladii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-10-22 |title=Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA) |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/node/203851 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=fr}}</ref> Xisbigii Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed wuxuu ahaa xisbigii ka talinayey Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysay 1976 iyo 1991.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheik-Abdi |first=Abdi |date=1981 |title=Ideology and Leadership in Somalia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/160610 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=163–172 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00054161 |jstor=160610 |s2cid=154797130 |issn=0022-278X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1982-06-15 |title="Nationalism Turned Inside Out" |url=https://merip.org/1982/06/nationalism-turned-inside-out/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=MERIP |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=Mohamed Siad Barre (1910-1995) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/mohamed-siad-barre-1910-1995/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohamed Siad Barre {{!}} president of Somalia {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohamed-Siad-Barre |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Jabhadda Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNF) waxay sidoo kale ahayd dhaqdhaqaaq kacaan iyo maleeshiyo hubaysan oo ka jiray Soomaaliya ka dib markii la riday Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga ahayd ee Soomaaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Somalia: Information on the Somali National Front (SNF) since 1994 |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab744.html |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> ==Geedka qabiilka== Ma jiro heshiis cad oo laga gaaray qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka iyo kala-qaybsanaantiisa, waxaana jira abtirsiinyo kala duwan. Liiska soo socda waxaa laga soo xigtay warbixinta Bangiga Adduunka ee ''Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics'' ee 2005 iyo daabacaadda Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ee ''Somalia Assessment 2001''.<ref name="worldbank55">Worldbank, ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics]'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1</ref><ref name="ind01b_somalia_ca">[http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081350/http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/somalia/ind01b_somalia_ca.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}, p. 43</ref> Qabiilka Mareexaan iyo jilibyada ka farcama waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo kala duwan oo dega Jubaland, Galguduud iyo Mudug. Sida ku cad warbixinta Bangiga Adduunka, geedka abtirsiinta ee soo socda ayaa la soo bandhigay:<ref>Worldbank, ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics]'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2</ref> * Sade * Mareexaan * Facaaye * Saciid Afisoone * Awsame * Owrmidig * Baalyeri * Xiinle * Hodonbari * Hogaanyo * Hodonbari (Suhayweyn) * Gaalshireedle * Gashashoor (joogitaanka Yemen) * Al-Donbari / Al-Danabir / Dthambari * Xasan Gaalshireedle * Reer Yuusuf * Ibraahim * Wacmaasho * Gumarwaaq * Isaaq Gaalshireedle * Amaanreer * Maxamed Amaanreer (Wagardhac) * Reer Gadiid * Reer Wardheere * Reer Allamagan * Cumar Dheer * Reer Afweyne * Reer Rooble * Reer Faahiye * Reer Faatax * Reer Kheyr * Sririg * Reer Ciise * Siyaad Liibaan * Rubeec * Cali Amaanreer (Hawraarsame) * Talxe Amaanreer (Talxe) * Ridamiir Amaanreer * Ridaamiir * WarWaa'Jecle * Fiqi Yacquub * Rer Gadiid * Rer Abdi Ali * Rer Ugaas Jiir (Ugaasyada Fiqi-Yacquub) * Axmed Faarax * Rer Ilbir * Rer Cabsiya * Rer Geedi * Rer Jilaal * Rer Rooble * Habar Ciise (Ciise WarWaa'Jecle) * Xuseen WarWaa'Jecle * Muuse Xuseen * Cali Xuseen (Celi) * Cabdiraxiin Muuse * Abaadir Muuse * Daa'uud Abaadir * Soonfure Abaadir (Soonfure) * Daa'uud * Boqor Maxamed Daa'uud * Cali Maxamed (Cali Dheere) * Cismaan Maxamed (Reer Cismaan) * Reer Agoon * Faarax Agoon * Maxamed Agoon * Reer Rooble * Reer Muuse * Reer Wardheere * Reer Idiris * Reer Saleebaan * Yuusuf Maxamed (Reer Yuusuf) * Axmed Maxamed * Ciis * Mataan * Garaad Adam * Yuusuf Mataan * Garaad Adam * Garaad Cali "Goita Tedros" * Garaad Abibeker "Gilgila" * Garaad Cali * Ibraahim * Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros * [[Imaam Axmed Qaasi|Garaad Axmed]] * Mohammed * Siyaad * Dauud * Muuse * Xariire * Naasir * Guuleed * Shareido * Garaad Axmed * Guleed * Wacays * Sharaawe * Kama * Khalaf * Garaad Abdinasir * Garaad Abibeker "Gilgila" * Amir Mohammed * Ibrahim * Maxamed Gaas * Nuur Yuusuf (Imaam Nuur ibn Mujaahid) * Xuseen Yuusuf * Bah Gareen * Siyaad Xuseen (Reer Siyaad Xuseen) * Reer Rooble Siyaad * Reer Nuur Siyaad * Reer Buraale * Reer Saanyar * Reer Faarax Siyaad * Reer Tuur * Reer Jimca Doon * Reer Liiban Dalal * Reer Cadaan * Reer Qeyr * Reer Odowaa * Yabar Xuseen * Khalaf Xuseen * Ughaz Khalaf Xuseen * Samatar Khalaf * Ugaas Sharmaarke Khalaf * Ugaas Sharmaarke * Bah Dir * Bah Abasguul * Ugaas Guuleed * Baho Guuleed * Faarax Ugaas * Guuleed Faarax * Xersi Faarax * Samatar Faarax * Rooble Faarax * Ugaas Diini Faarax (Reer Diini) * Bah Ogaaden * Reer Dalal * Reer Xirsi * Reer Maxmuud Guuled * Bah Dhulbahante * Reer Allamagan Diini * Reer Qaliif Diini (Qaliif Gawracane) * Bah Xawaadle * Reer Ugaas Sharmaake * Reer Siyaad * Reer Warsame * Bah Daraandoole * Reer Kooshin * Reer Nuur * Reer Warfaa Diini * Reer Shirwac Diini * Reer Maxmuud Diini * Reer Faarax Diini<ref>Worldbank, ''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics]'', January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.57 Figure A-3</ref> ==Dad xusid mudan== Maxamed Cumar Saalixi wuxuu ahaa saynisyahan, injineer iyo la-taliyaha arrimaha badaha ee Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa inuu ka qayb qaatay ilaalinta kaydka xogta badda Soomaaliya xilligii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991-kii. Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 17-aad ee Soomaaliya, dhaqaale-yahan iyo siyaasi. [[File:2014_04_09_UNMASS_Press_Confrence-4_(13758710305)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed, Ra’iisul Wasaarihii 17-aad ee Soomaaliya.]] Senator Mowliid Xuseen Guhad wuxuu ahaa guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya intii u dhaxaysay 2017 iyo 2022. Muhammad Gasa (Af-Carabi: محمد قاسا) (wuxuu dhintay 1583) wuxuu ahaa imaamkii ugu horreeyey ee imaamka Aussa, wuxuuna qaraabo la ahaa Nuur bin Mujaahid iyo Axmed Al-Ghazi. Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo wuxuu ahaa Madaxweynihii 9-aad ee Soomaaliya, waana aasaasihii Xisbiga Nabad iyo Nolol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.nabadiyonolol.com/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Nabad & Nolol |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed_Abdullahi_Mohamed_(Farmajo),.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo, Madaxweynihii 9-aad ee Soomaaliya.]] Maxamed Siyaad Barre wuxuu ahaa Madaxweynihii hore ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya. [[File:Siad_Barre_929-8865.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya.]] * Maxamed Maxamuud Warsame (Jango’an), Wasiirkii hore ee Arrimaha Gudaha Soomaaliya. * Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed, Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Maxamuud Cali Magan, Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta, sidoo kalena ahaa Qunsulkii Guud ee Soomaaliya u joogay Maraykanka iyo Kanada. * Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon, Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Mohamed Ali Facaye, agaasimaha dekedda Kismaayo. * Cabdiwaaxid Goonjeex, Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya. * C/raxmaan Jaamac Barre, Ra’iisul Wasaare ku-xigeenkii koowaad. * Shire Jaamac Axmed, aqoonyahan iyo af-yaqaan hirgeliyey farta Laatiinka ee casriga ah ee Af-Soomaaliga. * Jeneraal Yuusuf Cismaan Dhuumaal, Taliyihii hore ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed. * Faarax Xuseen Sharma’arke, faylasuuf iyo abwaan. * Cumar Xaaji Masale, Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga iyo Caafimaadka Soomaaliya. * Axmed Cabdullaahi Guuleed, qoraa iyo cilmi-baare. * Maxamed Xaashi Cabdi, Madaxweyne ku-xigeenkii hore ee Maamulka Galmudug. * Dr. Mohamed Said Samatar, naqshadeeye iyo naqshadeeye dhismayaal Soomaali ah, aasaasihii Jabhadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed. * Amiir Nuur ibn Mujaahid, hoggaamiyihii labaad ee qabsaday Saldanaddii Adal (1550–1567). * Imaam Axmed Gurey, hoggaamiye ciidan oo Itoobiya la dagaallamay, isla markaana ah shakhsiyad si weyn looga xuso Harar. * Faadumo Isaak Biixi, haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee Soomaali ah ee safiir ka noqota Geneva, sidoo kalena ahayd Agaasimaha Waaxda Afrika ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=A Surprise Visit by Ambassador Extraordinaire Fatima Bihi |url=https://wardheernews.com/a-surprise-visit-by-ambassador-extraordinaire-fatima-bihi/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=WardheerNews |language=en}}</ref> * Khaliif Faarax Xayir, abwaan inta badan curiya maansooyin waddani ah. * Axmed Warsame, Madaxii hore ee Akadeemiyadda Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed. * Aadan Ibraahim Aw Xirsi, qoraa iyo siyaasi gacan ka geystay qorsheynta dowlad-goboleedka Jubaland. * C/llaahi Caanood, Abaanduulihii hore ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed. * Korneyl Barre Aadan Shire Hiiraale, Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya, isla markaana ahaa madaxa Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba. * Cabdulqaadir Sheekh Diini, Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya. * Abdi Shire Warsame, Safiirkii hore ee Soomaaliya u fadhiyey Kenya iyo Shiinaha. * Abdulahi Sheikh Ismail Fara-Tag, xubin ka tirsan Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya, isla markaana ahaa Madaxweyne ku-xigeenkii hore ee Jubaland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail (Fartaag) |url=https://senate.gov.so/members/abdullahi-sheikh-ismail-fartaag/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |archive-date=2024-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004091956/https://senate.gov.so/members/abdullahi-sheikh-ismail-fartaag/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Axmed Maxamed Xasan, xubin ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Pan-African. * Jeneraal Dr. Cali Nuur. * Jeneraal Maxamed Xaashi “Gaani”, Taliyihii hore ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed. * Garaad Hirabu Goita Tedros. * Axmed 'Idaaja' Faarax Cali, aqoonyahan ku xeel dheer suugaanta Soomaaliyeed. * Mohamed Aden Sheikh, Madaxii hore ee Horumarinta Tignoolajiyada Soomaaliyeed. * Cabdulqaadir 'Yamyam' Xirsi Siyaad, abwaan iyo qoraa riwaayado Soomaali ah. * Cali Mataan Xaashi, duuliyihii ugu horreeyey ee Soomaali ah, isla markaana ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Cirka. * Axmed Sheekh Cali Axmed, qoraa iyo Madaxweynihii hore ee Maxkamadda Racfaanka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmed Sheikh Ali's biography, net worth, fact, career, awards and life story - ZGR.net |url=https://www.zgr.net/en/people/ahmed-sheikh-ali-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=www.zgr.net}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Ilaha== * {{cite book |title=[[Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics|Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12]]| isbn = 0-7661-3687-6 | page = 490 }} * {{cite book |title=[[FUTUH UL HABSHAH OR THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA]]| isbn = 978-0-9723172-5-2 | page = 37 | last1 = Pankhurst | first1 = Richard | date = 2003 | publisher = Tsehai Publishers & Distributors }} * [https://merip.org/1982/06/nationalism-turned-inside-out/ "Qaraniyaddu Gudaheeda bay ka soo baxday"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=XMoNDgAAQBAJ Shucuubta Geeska Afrika: Soomaali, Canfar iyo Saaxo] {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} [[Category:Daarood]] [[Category:Qabaa'ilada Soomaaliya]] 7lfsgsxrgyfw26ig1b9tlpql4c6qrgl Warsangali 0 6418 312274 312076 2026-11-11T08:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Warsangeli<br>ورسنجلي | image = File:Sultan_Mohamoud_Ali_Shire_2.jpg | caption = Sawirka Maxamuud Cali Shiire, Suldaankii 20aad ee Saldanada Soomaaliyeed ee Warsangeli. | type = [[Darod| Beesha Daarood]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yaman]]<br>{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Cumaan]] | descended = [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af-Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islaam]] | parent_tribe = [[Harti|Harti]] }} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} '''Warsangeli''' ({{langx|so|Warsangeli}}, {{langx|ar| ورسنجلي}}), oo kale loo yaqaan Maxamed Harti,<ref name="cruttenden_72" /> waa jufo-hoosaad ka tirsan Qabiilada Soomaaliyeed, qayb ka ah laanta weyn ee [[Harti]], oo ka tirsan beel-weynta [[Darod|Daarood]], oo ah tan ugu waaweyn beelaha Soomaaliyeed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |date=19 June 2015 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |page=12 |isbn=9780852552803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=i+m+lewis+daarood+1%2C000%2C000&pg=PA12 |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> [[Af-Soomaali|Af Soomaaliga]], magaca Warsangeli wuxuu ka dhigan yahay "warkeeda san ku naxay" ama "wixii wanaagsan soo sheegaya."<ref name="cruttenden_72">Cruttenden, C. J. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=130MAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22%22Memoir%20on%20the%20Western%20or%20Edoor%20Tribes%20with%20Southern%20Branches%20of%20the%20Family%20of%20Darrood%22%20cruttenden&pg=PA73 Memoir on the Western or Edoor Tribes, inhabiting the Somali Coast...]", ''[[Journal of the Royal Geographical Society]]'', 19 (1849), pp. 72-73</ref> Warsangeli inta badan waxay degaan [[Sanaag]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Somalia: Update to SOM23731.E of 24 April 1996 on the situation of the Warsangeli (Darod)|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac7530.html|access-date=2021-06-17|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref> ==Dulmar== [[File:Arab, Eidagale and Warsangali in Somaliland.png|thumb|left|Khariidadda [[Soomaaliya]] oo muujinaysa fadhiga beelaha Warsangeli ee waqooyiga bari ee Soomaaliya]] [[File:LaasqorayRuins09.JPG|thumb|Magaalo dekeedda qadiimiga ah ee [[Laasqoray]]]] Sannadkii 1848, C. J. Cruttenden wuxuu diiwaangeliyay in deegaannada Warsangeli iyo [[Majeerteen]] ay ahaayeen kuwa ugu qiimaha badan dhanka ganacsiga ee Valley-ga [[Nugaal]], isla markaana [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] ka timid India ay noqdeen dhoofiyayaal guuleystay.<ref name="cruttenden_1848_p137">Cruttenden, C.J. (1848). [https://books.google.com/books?id=uLsBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22on%20eastern%20africa%22%201848%20cruttenden&pg=PA137 "On Eastern Africa"], London: Royal Geographical Society. Vol. 18, pp. 137-138.</ref> Silsiladda buuraha ee [[Cal Madow]], oo qayb ka mid ah ay ku taallo dhulka beesha, waxay ka soo fidsan tahay magaalooyinka [[Boosaaso]] (caasimadda gobolka Bari) ilaa [[Ceerigaabo]] (caasimadda gobolka Sanaag) labadaba jihada bari iyo koonfur. [[File:Somalia ethnic grps 2002.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Deegaannada dhaqanka ah ee ay degaan beelaha kala duwan ee Soomaaliyeed<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online |url=https://www.lib.utexas.edu |access-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref>]]Maqala cinwaankiisu yahay "Seychellois Rekindle Ties with Sultan of Somaliland," oo ku soo baxay mid ka mid ah wargeysyada Jamhuuriyadda [[Seychelles]], ayaa lagu qoray, "Saldanada Warsangeli waxay jirtay lixboqol oo sano oo u dambeysay."<ref>[http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/news/news_details.asp?id=453 Seychellois rekindle ties with Sultan of Somaliland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/news/news_details.asp?id=453 |date=20070927152536 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152536/http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/news/news_details.asp?id=453 |date=2007-09-27 }} Virtual Seychelles. 10 Oct 2005.</ref> === Diblomaasiyadda Badweynta Hindiya === [[Warsengali sultanate|Saldanada Warsangeli]] waxay siisay qiimo muhiim ah sii dhowrida xiriirka diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahayd taliyayaasha Yurub iyo Koonfurta Carabta, sida ay caddaynayaan faylasha taariikhda ee Carabi ku qoran ee caddaynaya wada-hadalladaas. John Hanning Speke wuxuu qoray in markii uu booqday dhulka Warsangeli 1855, "Boqortooyada Midowday waxay ka dhigi doontaa Suldaan Maxamed (Suldaankii 21aad) mid ka chịu mas'uul" haddii nabadgelyadiisa la waxyeeleeyo. Lidwien iyo Spaulding (2002) waxay ku tilmaameen laba dokumenti oo muujinaya sida Saldanadu u maamuli jirtay arrimaheeda una dhowri jirtay madaxbannaanideeda. Lidwien iyo Spaulding waxay xuseen dokumenti laissez-passer oo uu bixiyay Suldaan Maxamed dhakhtar Faransiis ah, Gerges Revoil, 12 Disembar 1889. Laissez-passer-ku wuxuu ku amrayaa Faransiiska inuu dhawro hab-maamuuska inta uu ka galayo dalka. Qof kasta oo shaqsi ama marti sharaf shisheeye ah wuxuu dalka Warsangeli ka soo gali jiray port-ka marinka badda ee Laasqoray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in safaruhu uusan aqoon u lahayn shuruucda iyo dhaqanka u yaal dhulka, suldaanku wuxuu u oggolaaday Faransiiska inuu ka soo galo dhulka Bandar Mura’aya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baruah |first=Darshana M. |title=What Is Happening in the Indian Ocean? |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/03/what-is-happening-in-indian-ocean-pub-83948 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303145334/https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/03/03/what-is-happening-in-indian-ocean-pub-83948 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Competition in the Indian Ocean |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/competition-indian-ocean |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> === Qabsashadii Xabashida === Qoraaga reer Cadal ee ''[[Futuh al-Habasha]]'', [[Arab Faqih|Sihab ad-Din]], oo ahaa goob-joogaha dagaallo badan oo looga adkaaday Xabashida, wuxuu barbardhigay ciidanka 300 oo Harti ah iyo fardoolaydii Carbeed ee magaceedu ahaa Hamzah al-Jufi:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Jeffrey M. |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/14020499 |title=The Ethiopian-Adal War, 1529-1543: the conquest of Abyssinia |date=2021 |publisher=Helion & Company |isbn=978-1-914059-68-1 |series=From retinue to regiment series--warfare c. 1453-1618 |location=Warwick}}</ref><blockquote>"Dhan-bidixda waxaa fadhiyay beesha Soomaaliyeed ee [Warsangeli] Harti, oo ka soo jeedda dadka Maydh (Sanaag); dad aan u jajabnayn isu dhiibid. Waxay ahaayeen laba boqol (300), oo caan ku ahaa ciidanka dhulka iyagoo u adkayd sida seef-yahanno..... Mid ka mid ah Carabta oo la odhan jiray Hamzah al-Jufi ayaa galay dagaal ilaa dhimasho ah oo ka dhacay horteeda Iimaamka Muslinka. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah ciidanka lugta wuxuuna iska caabiyay oo taagnaa imtixaanka, isagoo ka horkeenay dagaalka kalsooni buuxda. Marna ma uusan hit-gareyn hal gaal oo uusan ka dhigin mid dhintay oo faska ka dhacay. Wuxuu dilay tiro aad u badan oo iyaga ka mid ah dhexda webiga, ilaa biyaha webiga ay isu beddeleen guduud dhiigga dartiis. Dhammaan beesha Harti waxay ahaayeen sidaas oo kale" (Sihab ad Din, p. 78).</blockquote> == Taariikhda == Maanta, saamaynta Suldaannada iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee dhaqanka waxay hoos u dhacday dhalashadii xorriyadda iyo aasaaskii dowladda dhexe ee Soomaaliya oo adeegsanaysa madaxbannaanida qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, suldanada ugu muddada dheer ee Muslinka ah ee ka aasaasantay gacanka Soomaaliya waa [[Warsangali Sultanate|Saldanada Warsangeli]]. Waxay jirtay lixboqol oo sano oo u dambeysay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Sultan of Warsangeli, Somalia - THE AFRICAN ROYAL FAMILIES |url=https://theafricanroyalfamilies.com/2022/06/02/sultan-of-warsangeli/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=theafricanroyalfamilies.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Warsangali Sultanate|Saldanada Warsangeli]] waxay leedahay taariikh ilbaxnimo, oo ay ku sifoobeen dad nidaamsan iyo dhul deggan, iyadoo la socota nidaam siyaasadeed oo qaaysan. Warsangeli waxay degaan dhul ka soo bilaabma Galbeedka Ceerigaabo ilaa Boosaaso (gobolka Bari), oo ka kooban xeebaha Laaso Suurad, (“Ras Surad”), kana bordered-gareeysan waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed ilaa dhulka sarreeya ee Sool Haud (dhul le'eg gobollada Sool iyo Awdal oo isku jira).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2018-12-06 |title=Kingdom of Warsangali (1218-1886AD) {{!}} African History {{!}} ThinkAfrica |url=https://thinkafrica.net/kingdom-of-warsangali-1218-1886ad-spotlight-on-middle-ages-african-global-trade-hub/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Saldanadu waxay soo saartay badmaaxiin raad weyn ku yeeshay dhanka sayniska bulshada. Buugga Ibraahim Ismaaciil, ''An Early Autobiography of a Somali'' (1919), oo uu qoray badmaax Warsangeli ah oo naftiisa ka sheekeynaya, wuxuu ku tilmaamay xukunkii uu soo saaray Suldaanku iyo sida loo dhowray p-decisions-ka maxkamadda boqortooyada. Suldaanku wuxuu amar ku bixiyay mashruuc doon-dhisid ah oo lagu hagaajinayo dhacdo ka dhacday port-ka. Si loo dhowro xiriirka ganacsi ee gobolka uu la lahaa jasiiradda Carabta, Suldaanku wuxuu xukmay in la ilaaliyo sharafteeda meel ay ganacsatadu ku leeyihiin dammaanad oo ku saabsan qiimaha iyo ilaalinta badeecadahooda ay muhiim tahay. Safarkii Murrayat (1848) ee gudaha dalka Warsangeli wuxuu muujinayaa ku-dhaqan siman. Murrayat wuxuu ku arkay ku-dhaqan ballaaran oo anshax wanaagsan oo lagu ilaalinyo xuquuqda hantida gaarka ah iyo dhowrida sharciga dhulka. Intii uu joogay, hal maqaal oo hantidiisa ka mid ah oo la steal-gareeyay ma jirin. Wuxuu yiri, "Dhulkan, in nin loogu yeero tuug waa aflagaaddo dhimasho ah oo kaliya dhiig lagu dhaqi karo." <ref>{{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=Alexander Keith |url=http://archive.org/details/cabinetatlasofac00john |title=Cabinet atlas of the actual geography of the world, with a complete index ... |date=1882 |publisher=Edinburgh : W. & K. Johnston |others=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign}}</ref> Ilaa 1920, saldanadu waxay dhowratay madaxbannaanideeda ka dib markii suldaankooda, Maxamuud Cali Shiire, loo masaafuriyay jasiiradaha Seychelles. Suldaanku wuxuu ahaa mid si adag u madaxbannaan oo nacayb u qabay joogitaanka shisheeye ee dalkiisa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beachey |first=R. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMwwAQAAIAAJ |title=The Warrior Mullah: The Horn Aflame, 1892-1920 |date=1990 |publisher=Bellew |isbn=978-0-947792-43-5 |language=en |quote=Sultan of the Warsangali since 1905, he displayed much capacity for duplicity and double dealing .}}</ref> Wargeys sida uu soo xigtay Seychelles Nation, wuxuu sheegayaa, "Siyaasaddiisa madaxbannaan, xooggiisa iyo dheeraysi la'aanta qumooyinka ku xeeran, haro-gelinta Ingiriiska waxay ka yaabisay London waxayna ka dhigtay in la xiro oo loo deport-gareeyo Seychelles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saldanada Maakhir {{!}} allsanaag |url=https://allsanaag.com/saldanada-maakhir/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Suldaanka waxaa ku tilmaamay taliye madaxbannaan oo saamayntiisu tahay mid aad u weyn soraa-taariikhi I.M. Lewis. Wuxuu ahaa suldaankii 24aad ee safka dheer ee Garaaddada (maxkamadda boqortooyada Soomaaliyeed).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Durrill |first=Wayne K. |date=1986 |title=Atrocious Misery: The African Origins of Famine in Northern Somalia, 1839-1884 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1858135 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=287–306 |doi=10.2307/1858135 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sannadkii 1920, suldaanka waxaa loo masaafuriyay iyadoo la socda laba Boqor oo Afrikaan ah, Boqor Prempeh ee Ashanti (Ghana) iyo boqor Kabarego ee Bunyoro (Uganda), iyo Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Masar, Sa'ad Zaghlul Pasha, iyo sidoo kale hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo caan ah oo ka mid ahaa dagaallada iska caabinta Afrika ee ka dhanka ah gumeysiga Ingiriiska oo iyaguna halkaas ku noolaa masaafur ahaan. Wuxuu ahaa farcankii u dambeeyay ee dhaqan lixboqol oo sano ah (fadlan eeg ‘What led to the discovery of the Nile’ uu qoray John Hanning Speke). 1940-meeyadii iyo 50-meeyadii, hoggaanka Warsangeli wuxuu aasaasay Ururka Midowga Soomaaliyeed (USP) ka dib shirkii saddexda bilood socday oo uu guddoominayay Suldaanka laftiisa ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay masaafurka. USP waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay wadada dheer iyo dadka dhibka badan leh ee Soomaaliya u martay xorriyadda iyo madaxbannaanida ka qaadashada qumooyinka gumeysiga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoehne |first=Markus Virgil |date=2014 |title=Resource conflict and militant Islamism in the Golis Mountains in northern Somalia (2006–2013) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24858216 |journal=Review of African Political Economy |volume=41 |issue=141 |pages=358–373 |issn=0305-6244}}</ref> == Nasabka == [[File:Warsangeli Clan Tree.jpg|alt=Warsangeli sultanate|thumb|Abtirsiinta dhammaystiran ee beel-weynta Warsangeli Harti Daarood]] Strukturrada beelaha iyo jufo-hoosaadyada si buuxda looma isku raacsana. Qaybaha iyo hoos-u-qaybinta sida halkan loogu soo bandhigay waa kuwo gaagaaban oo aan dhammaystirnayn. Nasabyo badan ayaa v-v maqan. Eeg kooxaha qoyska Boqortooyada Afrika si aad u barbardhigto dhinacyo kala duwan oo ku saabsan qaabdhismeedka abtirsiinta beelaha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=Sultan of Warsangeli sultanate, Somalia - THE AFRICAN ROYAL FAMILIES |url=https://theafricanroyalfamilies.com/2023/05/22/sultan-of-warsangeli/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=theafricanroyalfamilies.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603073648/https://theafricanroyalfamilies.com/2023/05/22/sultan-of-warsangeli/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> *Maxamuud Harti (''Moorsaante'') **Maxamed Maxamuud (''Hinjiye'') **Axmed Maxamuud (''Warsangeli'') ***Maxamed Axmed (''Warlabe'') ***Maxamuud Axmed (''War-ma’eke'') ****Kogo Maxamuud *****Cabdi Koge (''Garweyne'') *****Cabdullaahi Koge (''Garaad Dhidhin'') ******Xasan Cabdullaahi (''Xamargale'') *******Cabdiraxmaan Xasan (''Ogeyslabe'') *******Yuusuf Xasan (''Dubays'') *******Ibraahim Xasan ********Cismaan Ibraahim ********Cumar Ibraahim (''Cumar'') *********Maxamed Cumar *********Nuux Cumar *********Axmed Cumar *********Yaasiif Cumar *********Maxamuud Cumar **********Saciid Maxamuud **********Ciise Maxamuud ***********Xuseen Ciise ***********Saciid Ciise ***********Yaaquub Ciise ************Aadan Yaaquub ************Saciid Yaaquub *************Jibriil Saciid *************Yuusuf Saciid **************Xasan Yuusuf **************Maxamed Yuusuf **************Cismaan Yuusuf **************Ciise Yuusuf ***************Cali Ciise ****************Ismaaciil Cali (''Reer Xaaji'') ****************Liibaan Cali *****************Ture Liibaan *****************Yuusuf Liibaan ******************Amiir Yuusuf ******************Cismaan Yuusuf ******************Axmed Yuusuf ******************Cabdi Yuusuf ******************Saalax Yuusuf ******************Nuux Yuusuf ******************Maxamuud Yuusuf *******************Yuusuf Maxamuud *******************Aamiir Maxamuud *******************Cabdalle Maxamuud (''Garaad Cabdalle'') ********************Ciise Cabdalle (''Bah Ogeyslabe'') ********************Ibraahim Cabdalle (''Bah Ogeyslabe'') ********************Idris Cabdalle (''Bah Ogeyslabe'') ********************Aadan Cabdalle (''Bah Idoor'') ********************Cismaan Cabdalle (''Bah Idoor'') ********************Samatar Cabdalle (''Bah Idoor'') ********************Axmed Cabdalle (''Bah Majeerteen'') ********************Cali Cabdalle (''Bah Majeerteen'') == Qaybaha == *[[Shacni-cali]] waxay ahayd tii ugu yarayd 13-kii qaybood ee maamulka Daraawiishta, waxayna si gaar ah uga koobnayd Warsangeli. *[[Garbo Darawiish]] waxay ahayd qaybta labaad ee ugu yarayd 13-kii qaybood ee maamulka Daraawiishta, waxayna kala haaf ahayd Warsangeli iyo [[Dhulbahante]]. *[[Burcadde-godwein]] waxay ahayd tii toddobaad ee ugu weynayd qaybaha maamulka Daraawiishta, waxayna kala haaf ahayd Warsangeli iyo Dhulbahante.<ref>Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 - PAGE 173</ref> *[[Maakhir]] waxay ahayd maamul goboleed jirey 2000-meeyadii oo ay inta badan degenaayeen Warsangeli. == Dadka Caanka ah == *[[Abdilahi Qablan]], wakiilkii ugu horreeyay ee Laasqoray ee xisbiga USP *[[Mohamud Caddaanweyne]], wakiilkii ugu horreeyay ee Jidali ee xisbiga USP *[[Nuurxaashi Cali]]: taliyaha mid ka mid ah labadii qaybood ee [[Garbo Darawiish]], oo loogu magac daray isaga * Ismaaciil Xarras: lagu dhiibatay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee haramka Daraawiishta ee Geoffrey Archer 1916]] *[[Gerad Dhidhin|Garaad Cabdullaahi]]: Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Warsangeli dhammaadkii qarnigii 13aad *[[Gerad Hamar Gale]]: suldaankii labaad ee Warsangeli *[[Mohamoud Ali Shire|Maxamuud Cali Shiire]] (1897–1960): suldaankii Warsangeli; waxaa loo masaafuriyay jasiiradaha Seychelles 1920 muddo 7 sano ah Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska *[[Abdillahi Mohammed Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Maxamed Axmed]] (1926–1993): oo loo yaqaannay Qablan, Wasiir ku xigeenkii hore ee Maaliyadda iyo Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta Qaranka (1967–1969) *[[Farah Awl|Faarax Maxamed Jaamac Cawl]] (1937–1991): qoraa Soomaaliyeed oo weyn *[[Omar Fateh]]: Senator-kii ugu horreeyay oo Soomaali iyo Muslin ah oo ka tirsan gobolka Minnesota *[[Fatima Jibrell]]: aasaasaha Horn Relief oo maanta loo yaqaan ADESO *[[Jibrell Ali Salad|Jibriil Cali Salaad]] (2006–2009): Madaxweynihii maamulkii [[Maakhir | Maakhir State]] ee Soomaaliya *[[Said Hassan Shire|Saciid Xasan Shiire]] (2014–2015): Guddoomiyihii hore ee Golaha Wakiillada Puntland *[[Mohamed Nuur Giriig|Maxamed Nuur Giriig]] (1935–2002): fanaan caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed, ku takhasusay [[Music of Somalia|muusigga dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed]] *[[Abdullahi Ahmed Jama|Cabdullaahi Axmed Jaamac]]: Wasiirkii hore ee Hadaflaha, taliyihii hore ee Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed iyo Madaxweynihii maamulkii [[Maakhir | Maakhir State]] ee Soomaaliya *[[Ali Aden Lord]]: Xildhibaanadii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ka dibna Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha ee Kenya<ref name="gbook1">{{cite news|title=Spatial Appropriations in Modern Empires, 1820-1960: Beyond Dispossession|isbn = 9781527540156|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqqwDwAAQBAJ&q=Ali+Aden+Lord+LEGCO+1960&pg=PA119|last1 = Guignard|first1 = Didier|last2 = Seri-Hersch|first2 = Iris|date = 18 September 2019}}</ref> *[[Hudeidi|Axmed Ismaaciil Xuseen]]: fanaan, qoraa heello, laxamiiste, cayaare faneed; oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Boqorka Cuudka *[[Gamal Mohamed Hassan|Gamaal Maxamed Xasan]] (2016-): Wasiirka Qorsheynta, Maalgashiga iyo Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha ee [[Federal Government of Somalia|Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]] *[[Faisal Hawar]]: Guddoomiyaha International Somalia Development Foundation, CEO-ga Maakhir Resource Company<ref name="Skctcauip">{{cite news|title=Somalia: Kuwaiti Company to construct Airport, University in Puntland |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Kuwaiti-Company-to-construct-Airport-University-in-Puntland.shtml |access-date=29 September 2014 |agency=Garowe Online |date=14 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416090203/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Kuwaiti-Company-to-construct-Airport-University-in-Puntland.shtml |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref> *[[Ahmed Ali Mire]]: (2005 -): Praktikant horumarineed oo u soo shaqeeyay NGO-yo caalami ah, ururrada Qaramada Midoobay iyo shirkadaha horumarinta. https://solidaarisuus.fi/en/profile-ahmed-mire/ https://solidaarisuus.fi/solidaarisuuden-uusi-ohjelmakoordinaattori-on-kokenut-naisten-aseman-edistaja/ == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Wargar]], beel ka tirsan Adal == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180519035544/http://www.warsangeli.org/ Warsangeli Sultanate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519035544/http://www.warsangeli.org/ |date=2018-05-19 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20221222114210/http://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=219 Warsangali genealogy] [[Category:Daarood] c9l2pm7d4qmgdwlogelyhxa9b4w9bxr Xisbiga UDUB 0 6420 312291 296916 2026-11-11T09:40:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party |country = Somaliland |party_name = Ururka Dimuqraadiga Ummadda Bahawday</br>United Peoples' Democratic Party | logo = Udub Party logo.svg | flag = Udub Party Flag.svg |leader = |founder = [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] | foundation = July 2001 | dissolution = 2010-11 | position = Dhexdhexaad iyo Dhexe-bidix |seats1_title = [[Baarlamaanka Somaliland]] |seats1 = {{Composition bar|33|82|hex=#008000}} |headquarters = [[Hargeysa]] |colorcode = cagaar }} '''Ururka Dimuqraadiga Ummadda Bahawday''' ({{lang-so|United Peoples' Democratic Party, UDUB}}) wuxuu ahaa [[xisbi siyaasad]]eed ka howlgali jirey dalka [[Somaliland]], oo ah dowlad jamhuuriyad aanu weli caalamku aqoonsan isla markaana hoostegta wadanka [[Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|work=[[World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=2014-01-19|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Xisbiga UDUB wuxuu ka mid ahaan xisbiyadii ugu horeeyay ee ka sameysma maamulka Somaliland, waxaana aasaaskiisa lahaa madaxweynihii hore [[Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]] sanadkii 2001.<ref>Renders, Marleen (2012), Consider Somaliland, Leiden: Brill, page 211.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbiga UDUB wuxuu burburay dhamaadkii 2010ka wakhtigaasi oo xubnihiisii ku kala biireen xisbiyo kale. ==Faallo== UDUB waa xisbi siyaasadeed oo kajira [[somaliland]]. ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] *[[Taariikhda Somaliland]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Somaliland]] [[Category:Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Siyaasad]] 8pxgnentto10fv8t35gdy2ww6j6jytl Zeyd Binu Xaaritha 0 7687 312296 292790 2026-11-11T09:52:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeyd bin Xaarisa''' waa saxaabi uu xureeyay Nabiga scw, waxa uu ahaa "Mawaali" kan ugu hor islaamay, dagaalo dhowr ayuu kala qeyb galay Nabiga scw, sidoo kale col gaadooyinka qaar asigaa hogaamiye ka ahaa, Zeyd wuxuu ku dhintay [[Dagaalkii Mu'tata]] oo asiga hogaaminaayay ciidanka muslimiinta. “WAA SAXAABIGA KELIYA EE MAGACIISA LAGU XUSAY QUR’AANKA” [[File:تخطيط اسم زيد بن حارثة.png|thumb|right]] {| class="infobox" align="right" style="font-size: 95%; border:5px solid; border-color:green; background-color: lightgray; text-align: left;" |- {{#if:|{{!}} colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;" {{!}} [[File:|200px|]]<br />{{{caption|}}}}} | colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; background-color: green; text-align: center;" | '''Usaama bin zeyd<br /> زيد بن حارثة<br /> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: orange" |[[saxaabi]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |xog ku saabsan |- !aabihiisa: |Xaarisa bin shuraaxiil |- !hooyadii |Sucda binti saclaba |- !Dhashay: |43 sano ka hor hijrada |- !Ku dhashay: | |- !Diintiisa: |[[Islaam]] |- !xaaska |[[Umu ayman|Umu ayman al-xabashiya]][[Zeynaba binti jaxshi]] |- !ilmahiisa |[[Usaama bin zeyd]] |- !Dhintay: |[[8H]] |- !Ku dhintay: |Mu'tata |} Sucdaa Bintu Thaclaba waxay doonaysay inay tolkeeda reer Banii Macan soo booqato, waxaana waqtigaas socdaalka ku wehelinayay wiilkeeda Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Al-Kacbiyi. Xaaritha wuxuu sagootiyay xaaskiisii Sucdaa iyo wiilkiisii yaraa ee Zeyd. Wuxuu si fiican ugu hubsaday awrkii ay saarnaayeen, gacmaha ayuu kor ugu qaadayay, isagoo sagootinaya. Mararka qaarkood, galgacaylka iyo jacaylka weyn ee uu qabay xaaskiisa iyo wiilkiisa Zeyd ayaa qaadayay, oo wuxuu is arkayay isagoo daba socda awrkii ay saarnaayeen. Laakiin gadaal danbe ayuu dib u soo xasuustay inuusan safarka ku wehelinaynin. Sidaas darteed ayuu dib ugu soo noqday guriga. Sucdaa iyo wiilkeedii waxay socdaan, markay soo gaareen daarihii ay degganaayeen tolkeedii ayaa waxaa iyada iyo dadkii la socotayba hal mar soo weeraray fardoollaydii reer Banii Qayn, dabadeedna waxay billillaqaysteen dhammaan hantidii ay wateen, ratigii ay wateena way kaxaysteen, sidoo kale wiilashiina way qafaasheen. Zeyd oo la qafaashay Haddaba, wiilashii la qafaashay ayaa waxaa ku jiray Saxaabiga aan ka sheekeenayno ee Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Waqtigaas iyada ah waxay Zeyd Binu Xaaritha da’diisu ahayd qiyaastii 8 jir. Zeyd Binu Xaairtha iyo wiilashii kale ee la qafaashay waxaa la keenay suuqii weynaa ee la oran jiray Cukaada, iyagoo la doonayo in dadka loo bandhigo inay iibsadaan caruurtaas la soo qafaashay. Waxaa Zeyd Binu Xaaritha gatay nin hantiile ah kana mid ahaa madaxda Qureysh. Ninkaas magaciisa waxaa la yiraahdaa Xakiim Binu Xazaam Binu Khuweylid, wuxuuna ku gatay Zeyd lacag gaaraysa 400 dirham, ma ahayn Zeyd oo keliya, ee wuxuu kaloo goobtii suuqa ka soo gatay wiilal kale oo fara badan. Markii uu Xakiim Binu Xazaam yimid magaallada Makka, waxaa warkiisii maqashay Khaddiija Bintu Khuweylid oo eeddo ugu toosnayd Xakiim. Way soo booqatay, iyadoo salaamaysa soona dhoweynaysa, wuxuuna Xakiim ku yiri eeddadiis “eeddo, waxaan suuqa Cukaada ka soo gatay wiilal, ee kaad doontid wiilashaas ka dooro waan kuu hadiyeenayaaye”. Khaddiija Bintu Khuweylid ayaa si fiican u eegtay wiilashii, dabadeedna waxay ka dooratay Zeyd Binu Xaaritha, kadib markay ku aragtay inuu leeyahay astaamaha wanaagsan sida xilkasnimo iyo caqli qoto dheer oo ay ku tuhmaysay. Zeyd Binu Xaaritha wuxuu soo raacay Khaddiija Bintu Khuweylid. Maba ka soo wareegan waqtigaas waxyar jeer uu Rasuulka (scw) guursaday Khaddiija Bintu Khuweylid, waxayna haddiyad ahaan Rasuulka (scw) u siisay Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Zeyd oo ku soo wareegay guriga Rasuulka (scw) Wiilkii nasiibka badnaa wuxuu u soo wareegay xanaanaynta iyo la deriska suubbanaha Rasuulka (scw), isagoo nasiib u yeeshay inuu ka ag dhowaado inta uu Alle uummay kii ugu sharafta iyo fadliga badnaa, si uu markaas uu uga shidaal qaato hanuunka iyo akhlaaqda suubban ee uu ku sifaysnaa Rasuulka (scw). Hooyada Zeyd Binu Xaaritha labo indhood isuma aynan keenin laga soo billaabo markii la qafaashay wiilkeeda. Taas waxaa uga sii darnayd iyadoo aan nolol iyo geeri toona midna ku ogeyn Zeyd. Maadaama ay tahay hooyo wax dhashay waxay isaga jirtay welwelkaas iyo walbahaarkaas. Dhinaca kale, Zeyd aabihiis isna dhinaciisa ayuu dadaal kaga jiray sidii ugu guuleysan lahaa wararka ku saabsan wiilkiisii la qafaashay. Xilli ay dadka u soo cibaado tagaan Kacbada ayaa qaar ka mid ah Zeyd tolkiisa yimaadeen guriga barakaysan ee Kacbada, iyagoo ku dawaafaya kacbada ayaa waxay si fool-ka-fool u arkeen Zeyd, durbadiiba way garteen, isna wuu gartay. Way waraysteen, isna wuu waraystay. Markii ay guteen cibaadadoodii, waxay ku laabteen magaalooyinkoodii, waxayna Xaaritha oo ahaa Zeyd aabihiis u sheegeen inay indhaha soo saareen oo ay la kulmeen Zeyd markii ay joogeen Makka. Xaaritha wuxuu durbadiiba diyaarsaday awrkiisii, wixii hanti ahayd ee uu qaadan karayna horey ayuu u sii qaatay sii uu wiilkiisa ugu soo furto, sidoo kale, waxaa safarka u sii raacay walaalkiis Kacab. Way anbabaxeen, waxayna u kicitimeen jihada magaallada Makka. Markay yimaadeen magaalladii, waxay u soo galeen Muxammad Binu Cabdullaahi (Rasuulka s.c.w) oo waqtigaas lagu soo dejin waxyiga, waxayna ku yiraahdeen “Ina CabdilMudhalib, waxaad tihiin kuwo deris la ah kacbada, waxaad sii daysaan kan idin weydiista magangalyada, kan gaajaysanna waad quudisaan, kan dhibaataysanna waad u gargaartaan. Waxaan kuugu nimid inaad sii dayso wiilkeena kula jooga, waxaana soo qaadanay wixii hanti ah ee aan ku furanaynay wiilkeena, ee nagu galladayso oo wiilka aan ku furanno waxaad doontid oo hanti ah”. Rasuulka (scw) ayaa ugu jawaabay “waa kuma wiilka aad weydiisanaysaan?”. Waxay yiraahdeen “wiilka addoon ahaanta aad u haysatid ee Zeyd Binu Xaaritha”. Wuxuu misna yiri Rasuulka (scw) hadal macnihiisu yahay “ ka warama hadduu jiro wax ka kheyr badan furashada wiilkiina”. Waxay yiraahdeen “oo waa maxay waxaasi?”. Wuxuu yiri hadallo u macno dhowaa “waan idinkugu yeerayaa, waxaana dooransiinayaa inuu ila joogo anniga iyo inuu idinka idinla joogo, hadduu idin doorto, idinkaa wadanaya mana bixinaysaan wax hanti ah, haddiise uu i doorto waxaan tixgelinayaa doorashaddiisa”. Waxay yiraahdeen “caddaalad baad samaysay waadna ku xeel-dheeraatay caddaaladda”. Mowqifkii qiimaha badnaa ee Zeyd Rasuulka (scw) wuxuu u yeeray Zeyd Binu Xaaritha, wuxuuna ku yiri “ma garanaysaa labadan nin?”. Zeyd wuxuu yiri “haa, kani waa aabahay Xaaritha Binu Shuraaxiil, ninka kalena waa adeerkay Kacab”. Wuxuu Rasuulka (scw) ku yiri Zeyd “waan ku dooransiiyay inaad iyaga raacdid iyo inaad anniga ila degganaatid”. Zeyd ayaa isagoon jawaabta la dib dhicin markiiba yiri “maya, ee waxaan doonayaa inaan adiga kula degganaado”. Aabihii ayaa wiilkiisa Zeyd ku yiri “wiilkaygiyoow ma aabahaa iyo hooyadaa ayaad ka dooranaysaa addoonsiga lagu addoonsanayo?”. Zeyd ayaa misna markale ku yiri aabihiis “ninkan anniga unbaa og waxaan ku arkay, dooni maayo inaan weligeey ka tago”. Markii uu Rasuulka (scw) maqlay arkayna mowqifka uu qaatay Zeyd ayaa intuu labadiisii gacmood qabtay u soo waday kacbada, wuxuuna isagoo gacanta haya Zeyd koray dhagaxa (xajarul-aswadka) wuxuuna isagoo koox qureysh ka mid ah hadal u jeedinaya yiri “qureeshay waxaad ka marag noqotaan inuu Zeyd yahay wiilkayga, uuna i dhaxlayo aan isagana dhaxlayo”. Hadalladaas waxay farxad geliyeen Xaaritha iyo walaalkiis Kacab, waxayna wiilkoodii uga tageen Muxammad Binu Cabdillaahi, iyagoo ku soo laabtay tolkooda, isla mar ahaantaana aan ka cabsi qabin aayatiinka Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Wixii maalintaas ka danbeey, waxaa Zeyd loogu yeeri jiray Zeyd Binu Muxammad, magacaas ayuu lahaa jeer laga soo saaro Rasuulka (scw), waxaana waxyar kadib soo degtay aayad lagu mamnuucayo in qofka uu qaato magac ka duwan magaca waalidkiis, oo wuxuu Allaah suuradda Al-axzaab ku yiri aayadda 5-aad “ugu yeera aabayaashood”. Wixii aayaddaas ka danbeeyay waxaa Zeyd loogu yeeri jiray magaciisii hore ee Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Zeyd maalintii uu sayidkiisa ka dooranayay wiilidkiis dhab ahaantii ma uusan ogeyn inuu sayidka uu doortay uu yahay sayidka ugu fadliga badan inta dunida soo martay oo dhan. Dhab ahaantii ma uusan ogeyn Zeyd markii uu Rasuulka (scw) ka dooranayay waalidkii dhalay inuu noqonayo Rasuulka Nabadgalyo iyo naxariis dushiisa ha ahaatee loo soo saarayo ummaddan islaamka. Zeyd, ma uusan ogeyn shaqsiga uu doortay inuu noqon doono kan cadligiisu iyo samafalkiisu hareen doonaan barriga iyo galbeedka dunidan aynu saarannahay. Waxaasoo dhan ma ogeyn, hase ahaatee waxay tani ka mid tahay fadliga Allaah ee uu siiyo qofkii uu doono oo addoomadiisa ka mid ah. Dhacdadaas soo martay Zeyd kama soo wareegan waqti gaaban markii uu Allaah (sw) soo saaray Nabigiisa isagoo wata diintii hanuunka iyo xaqa ahayd. Haddaba, Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Ilaah ha ka raalli noqdee wuxuu ka mid ahaa raggii ugu horreeyay ee qaata hanuunkii iyo xaqii lagu soo saaray Rasuulka (scw). Inkastoo uu Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Allaha ka raalli noqdee ku soo barbaaray gurigii Xabiibka suubbanaha Rasuulka (scw), haddana wuxuu ahaa ninka uu Rasuulku (scw) ku qarsado sirihiisa. Dhinaca kale, wuxuu Zeyd Binu Xaaritha ka mid ahaa hoggaamiyayaasha ciidamada ilaalada muslimiinta, iyo isagoo uu Rasuulka (scw) mararka qaarkood magaallada uga tagi jiray, waana xilliyada uusan Rasuulka (scw) ku sugnayn magaallada. Sidii uu Zeyd Binu Xaaritha u jeclaaday Rasuulka (scw) oo uu isaga ka doortay waalidkiisii dhalay, ayuu misna Rasuulka (scw) dhinaciisa u jeclaa Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Rasuulka (scw) wuxuu markasta jeclaan jiray inuu arko Zeyd. Hadduusan arag maalmo wuu u hiloobi jiray aragtidiisa, markuu arkana wuu ku farxi jiray. Rasuulka (scw) si uusan dadka kale ugu farxin ayuu ugu farxi jiray aragtida Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Innagoo tusaale ka mid ah sidii uu Rasuulka (scw) u jeclaa Zeyd, ayaan waxaan bal isku dayaynaa inaan dhagaysanno sheeko ay arrintan nooga hayso hooyadeen Caa’isha Allaha ka raalli noqdee. Waxay tiri Caa’isha Allaha ka raalli noqdee “waxaa yimid Zeyd Binu Xaaritha, iyadoo Rasuulku-na (scw) joogo gurigayga, albaabka ayuu soo garaacay, waxaa xaggiisa u istaagay Rasuulka (scw) oo aan dhar fiican qabin (wuxuu qabay dhar asturayay inta u dhaxaysa lowga/jilbaha iyo xuddunta), wuxuu yimid albaabka isagoo jiidaya dharkuu qabay, wuu ku soo booday oo wuu dhunkaday. Wallaahi ma aanan arag Rasuulka Alle (scw) oo qaawan maalintaas kahor iyo kadibba..”. Sidoo kale waxay oran jirtay Caa’isha Allaha ka raalli noqdee “Ma uusan dirin Rasuulka (scw) ciidan illaa hadduu diro wuxuu madax uga dhigi jiray Zeyd Binu Xaaritha, hadduu Zeyd noolaan lahaa Rasuulka (scw) gadaashiis isaga ayaa muslimiinta khaliifkeeda noqon lahaa”. Heerkaas ayuu gaaray tusaalaha wanaagsan ee uu kulansaday Zeyd Binu Xaaritha. Wararka ku saabsan jaceylka Rasuulka (scw) u qabay Zeyd wuxuu ku dhex faafay muslimiinta, waxayna asxaabta ugu magac dareen Zeyd “kii uu jeclaa Rasuulka s.c.w”, wiilkiisii Usaama-na waxay isna ugu magac dareen “kii uu jeclaa Rasuulka s.c.w uu misna dhalay kii isna uu jeclaa Rasuulka s.c.w”. Guurkii Zeyd ee Zeynaba Sida uu noo sheegay qur’aankaba wuxuu Zeyd Binu Xaaritha guursaday Zeynaba Bintu Jaxshah oo ay qaraabo ahaayeen Rasuulka (scw). Inkastoo uu Rasuulka (scw) ku daray Zeyd gabadhii ay qaraabada dhow ahaayeen Rasuulka (scw), haddana ma sii cumrinin guurkoodii, oo markii danbe wuu furay, waxaana Zeynaba guursaday Rasuulka (scw), iyadoo si toos ah uu Alle u tawalliyay guurkooda, oo aayad cad ayuu Allaah ugu guuriyay Nebigiisa (scw) gabadha la yiraahdo Zeynaba Bintu Jaxsha. Hase ahaatee, wuxuu Zeyd Binu Xaaritha markii danbe guursaday gabar kale oo la yiraahdo Ummu Kalthuum Bintu Cuqbah. Sannadkii 8-aad ee hijriga waxaa Rasuulka (scw) la soo gudboonaatay murugo kaga timid geeridii Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Allaha ka raalli noqdee. Waxay ahayd, kadib markii uu Rasuulka (scw) diray Xaarith Binu Cumeyr Al-azdiyyi isagoo sida dhambaal ku socota boqorkii Busraa oo loogu yeerayo inuu soo galo diinta islaamka. Markii uu Xaairth Binu Cumeyr soo gaaray “Mu’ta”, ayaa waxaa ku soo baxay mid ka mid ah ciidamadii Qasaasinah, ninkaan oo la oran jiray Shuraxbiil Binu Camr. Wuxuu qabtay saxaabigii Xaarith, dabadeedna wuxuu si adag ugu dabray xarigii uu ku xiray, kadibna wuxuu soo taagay tiirkii, isagoo sidaas qoorta uga gooyay. Sidii ayuu ku shahiiday saxaabigii siday ama waday dhambaalkii ka socotay Rasuulka (scw), kuna socotay boqorka Busraa. Geeridii Xaarith waxaa si daran uga naxay Rasuulka (scw), maxaa yeelay lama arag waqtigaas kahor ergay sidaasoo kale loo dilay. Intaa kadib, wuxuu Rasuulka (scw) diyaariyay ciidan ka kooban ilaa 3000 ciidan si ay ugu duullaan Mu’ta, wuxuuna ciidankaas madax uga dhigay saxaabigiisii uu sida daran u jeclaa ee ahaa Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Ilaahay ha ka raalli noqdee. Wuxuu Rasuulka (scw) yiri “haddii la asiibo (la dilo) Zeyd hoggaan waxaa qabanaya Jacfar Binu Abii Dhaalib, haddii Jacfar-na la asiibo waxaa hoggaanka qabanaya Cabdullaahi Binu Rawaaxa, haddii la asiibo Cabdullaahi-na muslimiinta naftooda ha u dooraan nin ka mid ah iyaga”. Ciidamadii 3000-ka kun ka koobnaa ee uu hoggaaminayay Zeyd Binu Xaaritha ayaa sidii ku dhaqaaqay. Way socdeen ilaa ay gaareen meesha la yiraahdo Macaan ee ku taalla barriga Urdun. Boqorka reer Ruum ee Hiraqle oo wata ciidan gaaraya 100.000 ayaa soo baxay, isagoo doonaya inuu difaaco ciidamadii dilay saxaabigii Xaaritha. Ciidamo kale oo iyagana gaaraya ilaa 100 000 ayaa ku darsamay ciidamadii Hiraqle, iyagoo difaac ka galay meel aan ka fogeyn goobtii ay degganaayeen ciidamada muslimiinta. Waa labo tiro oo aan marnaba la isla meel dhigi karin. Tirada ciidamada muslimiinta iyo kuwa gaallada. Ciidamadii muslimiintii waxay seexdeen degmada Macaan labo habeen, iyagoo labadaas habeenood oo dhan wada-tashi ku jiray. Muslimiinta oo la soo gudboonaatay arrin culus Mid ka mid ah ciidamada muslimiintii ayaa wuxuu ku yiri isagoo arrintan kala tashanaya muslimiinta “ka warama haddaan dhambaal u dirno Rasuulka (scw) oo aan u sheegno tirada cadoowgeena oo markaas isaga aan jawaab ka sugno”. Mid kale ayaa yiri “wallaahi ayaan ku dhaartaye –tolkaygiyoow- innagu waxaad ogaataan inaan u dagaalamaynin tiro iyo awood toona, ee waxaan u dagaalamaynaa diintan islaamka , ee ina wadiya aan u dhaqaaqno dantii aan u soo baxnay. Wuxuu Allaah idiin yaboohay labadii wanaagsanaa middood, inaan guuleysanno iyo inaan shahiidno”. Iyadoo farqiga xagga tirada iyo awooddaba aan marnaba isu dheellitirnayn, haddana muslimiinta meesha ay dhammaantood u degdegayeen ayaa ahayd Jannada iyo wanaagga xagga Alle agtiisa yaalla. Sidii ayeey ciidamadii muslimiinta u qaateen taladaas. Labadii ciidan ayaa madaxa isla galay, waxayna ku dagaallameen goobtii Mu’ta. Inkastoo tirada ciidamada muslimiinta ay yaraayeen, haddana waxay soo bandhigeen dagaal cabsi weyn ku beeray ciidamadii gaallada ee roomaanka. Ciidamadan gaaraya 3000 ayaa waxay is hortaageen ciidan ka tiro iyo awood badan. Waxay la dagaalamayaan ciidan tiradooda gaaraya ilaa 200 000 qof. Zeyd Binu Xaaritha ayaa seeftii uu watay ku laayay gaallo badan, isagoo markaas iyada ahna xanbaarsan calankii Rasuulka (scw). Wacdarihii uu soo bandhigay maalintaas aad ayeey u jeclaysteen asxaabta, inkastoo ugu danbeyntii ay jirkiisii ka dhex duseen warmo iyo seefaf badan sidiina ayuu isagoo dhiig baxaya ku dhacay dhulka, weliba isagoo sidaas ku helay sharafka shahaadadii uu in badan ku taamayay inuu helo. Siday ballantuba ahayd, waxaa durbadiiba calankii la wareegay Jacfar Binu Abii Dhaalib sidiina ayuu dhinaciisana u muujiyay geesinimo weyn. Hase ahaatee, isna waxyar kadib wuxuu maray waddadii uu maray saaxiibkiisii ka horeeyay, kadib markii uu ku shahiiday dagaalka. Waxaa sidoo kale calanka qaaday Cabdullaahi Binu Rawaaxa. Wacdarro iyo geesinimo la yaab leh ayuu isna muujiyay, jeer markii danbe isagana laga asiibo oo uu sidaas ku shahiiday. Saddexdii nin ee uu magacaabay Rasuulka (scw) sidaas ayeey ku shahiideen. Sidii la filyayba, waxay muslimiinta isugula noqdeen wada tashi iyo inay iska soo dhex saaraan ninkii ay u dhiibi lahaayeen hoggaaminta ciidamada. Wadatashi gaaban kadib, waxay muslimiintii hoggaanka ciidanka u calaamo-saareen geesigii halyeeyga ahaa ee Khaalid Binu Waliid. Waqtigaas iyada ah, wuu ku cusbaa diinta, oo waqti gaaban ayaa laga joogay markuu ku soo biiray bahweynta muslimiinta. Ciidamadii ayuu dhinac u riixay, wuxuuna muslimiintii ka badbaadiyay jabkii weynaa ee looga cabsanayay, sidaas ayeeyna uga guuleysteen ciidamadii gaallada ahaa. Rasuulka (scw) ayaa waxaa soo gaaray wixii ka dhacay Mu’ta, iyo hoggaamiyayaashii uu magacaabay oo dhammaantood ku shahiiday dagaalka. Si aan la tilmaami karin ayuu Rasuulka (scw) uga naxay geeridooda, wuxuuna aaday qoysaskooda isagoo u tacsiyaynaya. Markii uu Rasuulka (scw) soo gaaray gurigii Zeyd Binu Xaaritha Ilaah ha ka raalli noqdee, waxaa xaggiisa ku soo carartay gabadhii yareyd ee uu dhalay Zeyd, iyadoo markaas-na si xad-dhaaf ah u oonaysa. Xabiibka Rasuulka (scw) ayeey arrintaas saamaysay, dabadeedna wuxuu billaabay inuu isna ooyo. Sacad Binu Mucaad oo la socday Rasuulka (scw) ayaa ku yiri “maxay tahay tanina Rasuulkii Alloow”, wuxuuna Rasuulka (scw) ugu jawaabay “waa oohinta xabiibka uu u [https://one-pass.kr/ ooyo] {{Wayback|url=https://one-pass.kr/ |date=20220921221403 }} xabiibka uu jecel yahay”. Ilaahay ha ka raalli noqdo Zeyd Binu Xaaritha iyo dhammaan intii u [https://web.archive.org/web/20220922073341/https://www.passhub.co.kr/ soo] hurtay fidinta diinta islaamka, aamiin {{gumud}} [[Category:Saxaabada]] 0nycs298hy31o2veb7abnouxibzxv9p Jelsi NK 0 8943 312174 312143 2026-11-10T19:50:34Z ~2026-59469-67 48231 312174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Chelsea | image = [[File:Stamford Bridge stadium.jpg|250px]] | upright = 0.85 | fullname = Chelsea Football Club | nickname = The Blues | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1905|3|10}}<ref name="teamhistory">{{Cite web |title=Team History – Introduction |url=http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0,,10268,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527214035/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0%2C%2C10268%2C00.html |archive-date=27 May 2011 |access-date=11 May 2011 |website=chelseafc.com |publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> | ground = [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]] | capacity = 40,341<ref name="clubinformation">{{cite web|title=General Club Information |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/general-information |language=en |publication-date= | website=Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |access-date=12 April 2021 |page=12 }}</ref> | owner = Blues Partners Limited<ref>{{cite web |title= Group Tax Strategy |url= https://www.chelseafc.com/en/group-tax-strategy |website= Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> | chrtitle = | chairman = [[Todd Boehly]] | mgrtitle = Manager | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = Premier League | season = 2025/26 | position = 10th | website = http://www.chelseafc.com/ | pattern_la1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_b1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_ra1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_sh1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_so1 = _chelsea2627h | leftarm1 = 0000FF | body1 = 0000FF | rightarm1 = 0000FF | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_b2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_ra2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_sh2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_so2 =_chelsea2627a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = E1AD01 | pattern_la3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_b3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_ra3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_sh3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_so3 =_chelsea2627t | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF }} '''Chelsea Football Club''' waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa M.sarri NK Jelsi waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa Xabi Alonso == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [http://www.chelseafc.com/ chelseafc.com] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] jrwdf585gny0zb8to2jo2rfp1su2o8y 312176 312174 2026-11-10T19:53:54Z ~2026-59469-67 48231 312176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Chelsea | image = [[File:Stamford Bridge stadium.jpg|250px]] | upright = 0.85 | fullname = Chelsea Football Club | nickname = The Blues | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1905|3|10}}<ref name="teamhistory">{{Cite web |title=Team History – Introduction |url=http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0,,10268,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527214035/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0%2C%2C10268%2C00.html |archive-date=27 May 2011 |access-date=11 May 2011 |website=chelseafc.com |publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> | ground = [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]] | capacity = 40,341<ref name="clubinformation">{{cite web|title=General Club Information |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/general-information |language=en |publication-date= | website=Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |access-date=12 April 2021 |page=12 }}</ref> | owner = Blues Partners Limited<ref>{{cite web |title= Group Tax Strategy |url= https://www.chelseafc.com/en/group-tax-strategy |website= Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> | chrtitle = | chairman = [[Vacant]] | mgrtitle = Manager | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = Premier League | season = 2025/26 | position = 10th | website = http://www.chelseafc.com/ | pattern_la1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_b1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_ra1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_sh1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_so1 = _chelsea2627h | leftarm1 = 0000FF | body1 = 0000FF | rightarm1 = 0000FF | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_b2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_ra2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_sh2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_so2 =_chelsea2627a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = E1AD01 | pattern_la3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_b3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_ra3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_sh3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_so3 =_chelsea2627t | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF }} '''Chelsea Football Club''' waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa M.sarri NK Jelsi waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa Xabi Alonso == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [http://www.chelseafc.com/ chelseafc.com] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] p79v27w2np25bru8gp8wqrdzjy9qajj 312177 312176 2026-11-10T19:54:30Z ~2026-59469-67 48231 312177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Chelsea | image = [[File:Stamford Bridge stadium.jpg|250px]] | upright = 0.85 | fullname = Chelsea Football Club | nickname = The Blues | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1905|3|10}}<ref name="teamhistory">{{Cite web |title=Team History – Introduction |url=http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0,,10268,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527214035/http://www.chelseafc.com/page/TeamHistory/0%2C%2C10268%2C00.html |archive-date=27 May 2011 |access-date=11 May 2011 |website=chelseafc.com |publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> | ground = [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]] | capacity = 40,341<ref name="clubinformation">{{cite web|title=General Club Information |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/general-information |language=en |publication-date= | website=Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |access-date=12 April 2021 |page=12 }}</ref> | owner = Blues Partners Limited<ref>{{cite web |title= Group Tax Strategy |url= https://www.chelseafc.com/en/group-tax-strategy |website= Chelsea F.C. |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> | chrtitle = | chairman = Vacant | mgrtitle = Manager | manager = [[Xabi Alonso]] | league = Premier League | season = 2025/26 | position = 10th | website = http://www.chelseafc.com/ | pattern_la1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_b1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_ra1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_sh1 = _chelsea2627h | pattern_so1 = _chelsea2627h | leftarm1 = 0000FF | body1 = 0000FF | rightarm1 = 0000FF | shorts1 = 0000FF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_b2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_ra2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_sh2 = _chelsea2627a | pattern_so2 =_chelsea2627a | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = E1AD01 | pattern_la3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_b3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_ra3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_sh3 = _chelsea2627t | pattern_so3 =_chelsea2627t | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF }} '''Chelsea Football Club''' waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa M.sarri NK Jelsi waa koox kubadda cagta ciyaarta oo ka dhisan magaalada [[London]] ee dalka [[Ingiriiska]]. Kooxda Chelsea waxaa la aas-aasay sannadku kolkuu ahaa [[1905]] 10kii bishii maarso. Garoonka kubadda ee kooxdu leedahay waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stamford Brige. Isna waxaa la furay ama la howl galiyay sannadkii 1877 28kii bishii apriil waana garoonka ugu taariikhda dheer horyaalka Ingiriiska. Garoonku wuxuu deeqaa ama mar qura wada qaadi karaa in ka badan 41 798 oo taageere. Tababaraha kooxda ee xilligan waxaa lagu magacaabaa Xabi Alonso == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [http://www.chelseafc.com/ chelseafc.com] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] otr7b30hpczkxb1xx7pd20k3ibbhs9n Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka 0 9818 312288 296912 2026-11-11T09:40:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda |name_english = Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka |name_native = {{smaller|''Peace and Development Party (PDP)''}}<br />{{lower|0.1em|{{big|حزب السلام والتنمية }}}}<br />{{smaller|''{{transl|it|ALA-LC|Partito della Pace e dello Sviluppo}}''}} |logo = [[File:PDPSOMALIA.jpg|200px]] |leader = |leader1_title = [[Gudoomiye]] |leader1_name = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] |leader2_title = [[Xoghayaha Guud]] |leader2_name = [[Xamza Cabdi Barre]] |leader3_title = [[Xoghayaha Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Bulshada|Xog.Arr. Gudaha & Bulshada]] |leader3_name = [[Yuusuf Xuseen Jimcaale]] |leader4_title = [[Xoghayaha Dhalinyarada iyo Sport-ga|Xog. Dhal. & Sport-ga]] |leader4_name = [[Cali Yaasiin Sh. Cali]] |leader5_title = [[Xoghayaha Arrimaha Dibadda|Xog.Arr. Dibadda]] |leader5_name = [[Faarax Sh. Cabdulkhaadir]] |leader6_title = [[Xoghayaha Arrimaha Haweenka iyo Qoyska|Xog.Arr. Qoyska & Haweenka]] |leader6_name = [[Dahabo Sh. Maxamuud]] |leader7_title = [[Xoghayaha Maaliyadda|Xog. Maaliyadda]] |leader7_name = [[Saadaad Maxamed Nuur]] |leader8_title = [[Xoghayaha Qorsheynta|Xog. Tababarada & Qorsheynta]] |leader8_name = [[Jamaal Maxamed Barrow]] |foundation = 18 Abriil 2011 |dissolution = |merger = Xisbi Siyaasadeed Madaxbanaan |headquarters = Muqdisho |membership_year = 2011 |membership = malaha |ideology = Xisbi ujanjeera dhanka siyaasadda furfuran |position = [[Midig dhexe]] |national = Soomaaliya |international = ''malaha'' |african = |african = Malaha |youth_wing = Dhalinyarada |colours = [[Cagaar]] , [[Cadaan]] iyo [[cirdhow]] |seats1_title = [[Aqalka hoose]] |seats1 = |seats2_title = [[Aqalka sare]] |seats2 = {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda/kursi|0|275|yellow}} |seats3_title = [[Aqalka hoose]] |seats3 = {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda/kursi|0|100|orange}} |seats4_title = [[Laamaha Xisbiga]] |seats4 = Kenya, Masar, Koonfur Afrika, Uganda, Sudan, Sweden, Norway |website = http://www.pdp.so/Somali/ |colorcode = {{PDP (Somalia)/meta/color}} |country = [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]] }} '''Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka حزب السلام والتنمية Peace and Development Party (PDP)''' Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka waa Xisbigii ugu horeeyey ee siyaasdeed ee looga dhawaaqo Muqdisho islamarkaana si toos ah uga howlgala gudaha dalka iyo dibadda. == Farriinta == In la dhiso dowlad soomaaliyeed oo madani ah, ilaalisa mabaad’ida aasaasiga ah ee ummadda isla markaasna xaqiijisa in dadka iyo dalkuba helaan amni la isku halleyn karo iyo maamul hufan oo ka dhowrsan musuqmaasuq, cadalad darri iyo ku tagrifalka awooda dowladnimada gaarsiinayana shacabka adeegyada bulsho ee muhiimka ah. == Aragtida == In la dhiso bulsho ka madax bannaan qabyaalad, cabsi iyo colaad ka aloosanta dhexdeeda ama uga timaada dariska iyo caalamka intiisa kale, kuna naaloota nabad, amni iyo caddaald sababta horumar dhan kasta ah. == Ujeeddooyinka Xisbiga == Ujeedooyinka Xisbigu waa in la: 1. Dhiso maamul Dawladdadeed oo ka hana qaada dhamaan Soomaaliya, soona celiya midnimadii qaranka, kala danbeyntii, sharcigii, iskaashigii iyo walaaltinimadii Shacabka soomaaliyeed. 2. siiyo muhimadda kowaad dib u dhiska nabadda iyo dib u heshiisiinta siyaasadda iyo bulshada guud ahaan. 3. Dhowraa xuquuda muwaaddinka soomaaliyeed, sida diintiisa, noloshiisa, Sharaftiisa, maalkiisa, iyo caqligiisa si loo helo muwaadin guta waajibaadkiisa qaran. 4. Xoojiyaa lana dhiirigeliyaa baahinta dhaqanka nabadda, wadatashiga, maamul wanaagga, u hoggaansanka sharciga, Madaxbannaanida garsoorka, la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa, iyo kutagrifalidda awoodaha dowladnimadda. 5. Helo in dastuur joogto ah oo waafaqsan Shareecada Islaamka isla markaasna xaqiijinaya nidaamka Xisbiyada badan si talada dalka loola kala wareego si nabad ah. 6. Dhiirrigeliyo kobicnta dhaqaalaha, lana xaqiijiyo cadaalad ku qeybsiga kheyraadka dalka 7. Hormariyo waxbarashada, cilmi baarista, hiddaha iyo dhaqanka, daryeelka caafimaadka, iyo ilaalinta degaanka. 8. Horumariyo Haweenka, Dhallinyarada iyo Dhallaanka, lana daryeelo qoyska, agoonta iyo naafada. 9. Xoojiyo lana horumariyo xiriirka wadamada caalamka, ururrada caalamiga iyo Urur goboleedyada si loogu wada nolaado, nabad iyo iskaashi. 10. Dhiirrigeliyo ka qeybgalka qurbajoogta Soomaaliyed arrimaha horumarinta siyaasadda, diblomaasiyadda iyo dhaqaalaha lagana taageeraa ilaalinta dhaqanka sida horumarinta barashada afka ee dhallaanka. ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== *[http://wwww.pdp.so Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Soomaaliya]] g5xagi6er9n04kqnektzg4pnbcu9tll Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya 0 10326 312245 296898 2026-11-11T04:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} Halkan waxaa ku jira dhamaan '''liiska xisbiyada siyaasada wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]'''. ==Hordhac== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Xisbiyada== [[SYL|Xisbiga Midowga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed]] (loo soo gaabiyo: '''SYL''') wakhtiyadii hore loo yaqaaay '''Kooxda Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed''' (Somali Youth Club) ('''SYC'''), waxay ahaayeen [[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya|xisbi siyaasadeed]] ka shaqayn jirey wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Xisbigani wuxuu ku bilaabmey urur dhalinyaro ah, markii dambe isku bedelay xisbigii dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horeeyey ee [[Taariikhda_Soomaaliya|Madaxbanaanida]] wadanka [[Soomaaliya]] sanadihii u dhexeeyay 1950kii ilaa 1960kii.<ref>I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p.304.</ref> [[File:Flag of the Somali Youth League.svg|thumb|]] [[File:SoomaaliSYL.png|thumb|150px|right|SYL waa urrur siyaasadeedkii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya.]] Ururka [[SYL]] (''laga keenay: Somali Youth League'') waxaa la'aasaasay 15 Maajo sanadkii [[1943]] wuxuuna qeyb wax ku ool ah ka qaatay Xoriyadii dalka Soomaaliya ee lahay 1960kii waxaana ku midaysnaa dhalin yaro Soomaaliyeed oo da, yar ah. Dhalin yartii u istaagay xornimada Soomaaliya waxey ahaayeen kuwo u baahnaa in wadanku xor noqdo isla markaana ka hoos baxo gumaystihii wakhtigaasi haystay. ===Xisbiyada Qaranka=== [[File:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud-vf2.jpg|thumb|right|Madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] waa aasaasaha iyo gudoomiyaha [[Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]].]] [[File:Farmaajohd13.png|thumb|right|Raiisalwasaarihii hore [[Maxamed Cabdulaahi Maxamed]], waa gudoomiyaha [[Xisbiga Tayo]].]] Wadanka Soomaaliya waxaa maanta ka jira tiro badan oo xisbiyo siyaasadeeda ah, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Xisbiga Midnimo]] *[[Midowga Dhalinta Soomaalida]] ([[SYL]]) *[[Midowga Soomaaliweyn]] *[[Xisbiga Hawl iyo Hantiwadaag]] *[[Xisbiga SANU]] *[[Xisbiga Cagaaran Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbiga Qaranka Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbiga Tayo]] *[[Xisbiga Nabadda iyo Horumarka]] *[[Daljir]] *[[xisbiga CAHDI|Xisbiga CAHDİ]] *[[Xisbiga Tiir]] *[[Hiil Qaran]] ===Xisbiyada Maamulgoboleedka=== ;Puntland *[[Xisbiga Horseed]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Somalia: Puntland President announces political association |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_President_announces_political_association.shtml |accessdate=19 November 2012 |newspaper=Garowe Online |date=14 November 2012 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=23 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123024617/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_President_announces_political_association.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] kl7a4z2gbls5q2ug472f01kl21x6etv Xisbiga Midnimo Qaran 0 14554 312287 296911 2026-11-11T09:40:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda |name_english = Xisbiga Midnimo Qaran |name_native = {{smaller|''National unity party (NUP)''}}<br />{{lower|0.1em|{{big|حزب الوحدة الوطنية}}}}<br />{{smaller|''{{transl|it|ALA-LC|Partito dell'unità nazionale}}''}} |logo = [[File:Xisbiga-midnimo.jpg|200px]] |leader = |leader1_title = Gudoomiye |leader1_name = Cabdirizak WaaberI Leader2_name = inj. Mohamed Abdullahi Leader 3_name =xildhiban Ibrahin |leader3_title = Xoghayaha Guud |leader2_name = Salad Hassan Ali |leader3_title = Xog.Arr. Gudaha & Bulshada |leader3_name = Maleh |leader4_title = Xog. Dhal. & |leader4_name = Nawaal |leader5_title = Xog.Arr. xiriirka |leader5_name = Hamza mohamud |leader6_title = Xog.Arr. Qoyska & Haweenka |leader6_name = Maleh |leader7_title = Xog. Maaliyadda |leader7_name = Maleh |leader8_title = Xog. Tababarada & Qorsheynta |leader8_name = Maleh |foundation = 26 Febraayo 2014 |dissolution = |merger = Xisbi Siyaasadeed Madaxbannaan |headquarters = Muqdisho |membership_year = 2014 |membership = malaha |ideology = Xisbi ujanjeera dhanka siyaasadda furfuran |position = [[Midig dhexe]] |national = Soomaaliya |international = ''malaha'' |african = |african = Malaha |youth_wing = dhalinyarada |colours = [[Cagaar]] , [[Cadaan]] iyo [[cirdhow]] |seats1_title = [[Aqalka hoose]] |seats1 = Malahan |seats2_title = [[Aqalka sare]] |seats2 = {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda/kursi|0|275|yellow}} |seats3_title = [[Aqalka hoose]] |seats3 = {{Infobox qaybaha siyaasadda/kursi|0|100|orange}} |seats4_title = Laamaha Xisbiga |seats4 = Kenya, Masar, Koonfur Afrika, Uganda, Sudan, Sweden, Norway |website = [http://midnimoqaran.so Barta internetka] |colorcode = {{XMQ (Somalia)/meta/color}} |country = [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]] }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} '''Xisbiga Midnimo Qaran''' ama XMQ waa xisbi siyaasadeed wadani ah, loogu talagalay inuu isbedel dhab ahna ku sameyo dhaqan siyaasadeedka ka jira dalka. Xisbigu ma aha mid shaqsi furtay, leedahay koox gaar ah, looguna tala-galay in lagu gaaro dana gaaban. Waxaa xubinimadiisa ufurantahay qof kasta oo ku qanca ujeedooyinkiisa iyo aragtidiisa, soona buuxiya shuruudaha kale ee xubinimada. Laamaha Xisbiga waxaa laga furidoonaa dalka gudihiisa iyo dibadiisa. == Taariikh == Xisbiga midnimado qaran, waxa xisbi loo aas-aasay kadib markii la arkay wax qabad la'aanta dawladda Soomaaliya iyadoo ku mashquushay arrimaha maamul goboleedyo awalba iyada ka horreeyey kuwaasoo ay wadeen dawlado dana ka leh arrimaha soomaaliya, xisbigu marka waxay ula muuaqatay in uu wax ka qaban karo isla markaana saamayn uu ku yeelan karo arrimaha federaaleynta. == Astaanta Xisbiga == Astaanta Xisbigu waxey ka koobantahay labada xaraf ee magaca Xisbiga "Midnimo Qaran" ( MQ) oo isku dhex qoran, ayada oo xarafka "M" dibada ku qoranyahay, gudahana xarafka " Q". Gudaha xarafka "Q" waxaa la geliyay calanka Somaaliya qaab. == Calanka Xisbiga == Calanka Xisbigu wuxuu ka koobanyahay sedex midab oo kala ah cagaar, bulug iyo cadaan. Seddexdaas midab waxey utaaganyihiin halkudhiyada Xisbiga oo ah: Midnimo (Calanka Somaaliya), Nabad (cadaanka). == Mabaadi'da Guud == 1. Xisbigu wuxuu si aan laab-laab laheen ugu dheganyahay mabaadi'da lagu dhisay Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Somaaliya oo ka dhigtay Islaamka marjac kama danbeys ah ee qawaaniinta dalka, wuxuu u doodayaa in si dhexdhexaadnimo ah loo fasiro Islaamka, tilaabo-tilaabo loo hirgeliyo, lagana hortago kala qaybsaanta bulshada iyo seef-la-boodnimada. 2. Xisbigu wuxuu u taaganyahay soo celinta iyo dhawridda midnimada-qaranka, iyo isku duubnidda bulshada dagalka sokeeye burburiyay ayada oo la adeegsanaayo farsamooyinka Cadaaladda Xilliga kala-Guurka ah oo ka shiidaal-qaadaneysa dhaqanka dadka iyo diinta Islaamka. 3. Xisbigu wuxuu rumeysanyahay xornimada qofka iyo xuquuqda bulshada, xukunka dimoqraadiga ah iyo addegsiga mabaadi'da wada-tashiga ayada oo la adeegsanaayo doodaha furan iyo wada-tashiga bulshada. 4. Xisbigu wuxuu horseedayaa sareynta sharciga, hay'adeysnaanta, federaalaynta, kala qaybsanaanta awoodaha hay'adaha dawladda iyo madax-banaanida garsoorka. 5. Xisbigu wuxuu utaaganyahay dhawridda karaamada insaanka iyo xuquuqdiisa assasiga ah, iyo sinaanta dhamaan muwaadiniinta sharciga hortiisa iyo helitaanka adeegyada bulshada. 6. Xisbigu wuxuu ku baraarugsanyahay ahmiyadda ay leedahay humaraninta dhaqan-dhaqaale, taas oo muwaadin kasta la gaarsiinayo adeegyada bulshada iyo fursooyinka shaqo siinta ayada oo dhaxal-qarameedka iyo bai'ada si habsami ah loo dhawrayo. 7. Xisbigu wuxuu rumeysanyahay ahmiyadda ay leedahay in laga qaybgeliyo dumarka iyo dhallinyarada siyaasadda iyo in la dhiso mugooda si ay awood ugu yeeshaan iney si buuxda uga qeybgalaan hawgallada siyaasadeed, iyo falalka bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha. 8. Xisbigu wuxuu utaaganyahay hurumarinta mashruuca iskaa-shi goboleedka ee shucuubta iyo dawladaha Geeska Afrika ( regional integration) and adkeynta calaaqaadka saaxibtinimo ee shucuubta iyo dawladaha caalamka. == Ujeedooyinka == 1. Xisbigu wuxuu mudnaanta koobaad siinayaa midnimada-qaranka ayada oo la adeegsanaayo horumarinta iyo udoodidda cadaaladda iyo sinaanta oo ku imaan karta in si buuxda loo dhaqangeliyo qawaaninta dalka, dhibaatooyinkii soo dhacayna lagu xalliyo farsamooyinka Cadaaladda Xilliga Kala-Guurka ah si waafaqsan dhaqanka shacabka Somaaliyeed. 2. Xisbigu wuxuu higsanayaa inuu noqdo xoogga siyaasadeed ee hogaamiya dib-u-dhiska and horumarinta hay'ado dawladeed casri ah ayadoo la adeegsanayo hanaanka dimoqraadiyada iyo nidaam ku dhisan mudnaan, kana hortegaaya qaraabo-kiil, qof-jeclaysi and kooxeysi. 3. Xisbigu wuxuu ololeeynayaa dhismaha hay'adaha amniga oo tayo sare leh laguna barbaariyay dhawridda xuquuqda insaanka, kawaas oo awood u leh xaqiijinta amniga dadweynaha iyo buuxinta baahidda nabadgelyada qaranka. 4. Xisbigu wuxuu udoodayaa aburista nidaam xisaabeed hufan ee hay'adaha dawladda iyo kuwa gaarka ah si looga hortago boobka hantida guud, maamul-xumada, musuqmaasuqa iyo canshuur la cararka. 5. Xisbigu wuxuu geesinimo gelinayaa hirgelinta nidaam dhaqaaleed ku dhisan kobcinta dhaqaalaha dadweynaha, abuuridda bay'ad soo jiidaneysa maalgashiga, la bixitaanka khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha. 6. Xisbigu wuxuu taageerayaa adeegsiga siyaasad firfircoon ee arimaha dibadda oo xaqiijineysa danaha qaranka oo lagu hormarinayo iskaashiga shucuubta Geeska Afrika, calaqaadka iskaashiga sokeeye ee Somaaliya kala dhexeeya dalalka Afrika, Carabta iyo Muslimiinta, iyi in lala yeesho xiriir miisaamaan ururada caalamiga ah iyo dawladaha aduunka si loo hurmariyo nabadda, amaanka iyo iskaashiga udhexeeya ummadaha. 7. Xisbigu wuxuu horumarinayaa arimaha dhalinyarada ayada oo la siinayo fursado waxbarasho, loo dhisaayo goobaha isbortiga iyo nasashada. Sidoo kale, dhalinyarada waxaa loo sameynayaa fursado shaqo-siin si ay unoqdaan kuwa ka qaybqaata hawlaha wax soo saarka iyo adeegga bulshada. 8. Xisbigu wuxuu horseedayaa fursado u abuuridda iyo dhiirigelinta hormarinta awoodaha dumarka ee dhinacyada siyaasadda, dhaqanka iyo dhaqaalaha si ay uhelaan qaybta ay xaqqa ay uleeyihiin ee siyaasadda, bulshada, iyo dhaqaalaha. 9. Xisbigu wuxuu geesinimo gelinayaa hawlaha samafallada ay ka shaqeeyaan hay'adaha aan dawliga aheyn iyo jamciyaadka sida ururada bulshada rayidka ah, madaxda dhaqanka, hay'adaha samafalka, awqaafta iyo Sakada. Waxaa kale uu Xisbigu taageerayaa hal-abuurka ururadaas, korna uqaadayaa xiriirka hay'adaha dawladda iyo kuwa aan dawliga aheyn si loo ciribtiro saboolnimada iyo tabaalaysnaanta. 10. Xisbigu wuxuu ka shaqeynayaa ciribtirka seef la-boodnimo kasta, xoog-adeegsiga iyo masuqmaasuqa loo isticmaalo in lagu gaaro ujeedooyin siyaasadeed. Si gaar ah Xisbigu wuxuu ciribtirayaa xagjirnimada magaca Islaamka, ayada oo la isticmaalayo istrateejiyad baahsan iyo hawlgallo isku-xiran oo leh iskaashi goboleed iyo mid caalami ah. 11. Xisbigu wuxuu horumarinayaa in la gaarsiiyo muwaadiniinta adeegyada asaasiga ah sida tacliinta, caafimaadka, dalyeelka qaybaha bulshada tabaaleysan iyo fulinta barnaamijyada dib-u-dejinta qaxuutiga iyo bara-kacayaasha . 12. Xisbigu wuxuu horumanayaa qurba-joogta Somaaliyeed, wuxuuna abuurayaa hay'ado ku haboon oo gaarsiin kara adeegyada ay u baahanyihiin. Dhanka kale, Xisbigu wuxuu boorinayaa iney ka qaybgalaan qurba-joogta Somaaliyeed arimaha siyaasadda, bulshada, dhaqaalaha iyo hurumarinta dhaqanka. == Qaab Dhismeedka == Dhismaha guud ee Xisbigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay: 1. Guddiga Fulinta Qaranka (GFQ). 2. Golaha Dhexe Qaranka ( GDHQ) 3. Guddiga Qaranka ee Shuruucda iyo Anshaxa (GQSHA) 4. Kutlada Baaralamanka Qaranka (KBQ) 5. Guddigga Fulinta Dawladaha Federaalka (GFDF) 6. Kongreesyada Dawladaha Federaalka ah (KDF) 7. Guddiga Anshaxa Dawladaha Federaalka (GADF) 8. Kutlada Baarlamaanka Dawladaha Federaalka (KBDF) 9. Laamaha Qurba-joogta (LQ) ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] 9sfxgy5kvv4v2ih8ufa0mar65vddqgy Vizija 0 14573 312272 282360 2026-11-11T08:21:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vizija''' waa koox reer Makedoniya dhagax weyn aasaasay bishii November 2011 ee Skopje, Makedoniya <ref name=a>„ВИЗИЈА“ ЌЕ ЈА РАЗМРДА РОКЕНРОЛ-СЦЕНАТА http://www.dnevnik.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=DE6B44D9A9367A46B2D2BF42881091FD {{Wayback|url=http://www.dnevnik.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=DE6B44D9A9367A46B2D2BF42881091FD |date=20250809215328 }}</ref><ref name=b>Млади таленти: Групата „Визија“ до нови успеси на музичката сцена http://www.kukuriku.mk/mladi-talenti-grupata-vizija-do-novi-uspesi-na-muzickata-stsena/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.kukuriku.mk/mladi-talenti-grupata-vizija-do-novi-uspesi-na-muzickata-stsena/ |date=20130426055217 }}</ref><ref name=c>„ВИЗИЈА“ ВО ФИНАЛЕТО НА „ГИТАРИЈАДА“ ВО ЗАЈЕЧАР http://mmm.com.mk/vesti/domasni/1374-vizija-na-gitarijada-vo-zaecar {{Wayback|url=http://mmm.com.mk/vesti/domasni/1374-vizija-na-gitarijada-vo-zaecar |date=20140726195454 }}</ref>. == Xubnaha == * Marko Dzambazoski * Marko Gapo * Liljana Jankova * Sinisa Gjorgjevic == Heeso == * "Glasot na mojata dusha"<ref>Новата песна на бендот Визија – „Гласот на мојата душа“http://skopjeid.com/2013/02/18/novata-pesna-na-bendot-vizija-glasot-na-mojata-dusa/ {{Wayback|url=http://skopjeid.com/2013/02/18/novata-pesna-na-bendot-vizija-glasot-na-mojata-dusa/ |date=20131231001540 }}</ref> * "Paga Mrak"<ref>Слушнете ја „Паѓа Мрак“ од Визија http://www.radiomk.com/slushnete-ja-pagja-mrak-od-vizija/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.radiomk.com/slushnete-ja-pagja-mrak-od-vizija/ |date=20131230235042 }}</ref> * "Psihopat"<ref>„Психопат“ нов сингл на македонската музичка група Визија http://www.timemachinemusic.org/2013/03/%E2%80%9Cpsihopat%E2%80%9D-novi-singl-makedonske-grupe-vizija/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.timemachinemusic.org/2013/03/%E2%80%9Cpsihopat%E2%80%9D-novi-singl-makedonske-grupe-vizija/ |date=20131231000550 }}</ref> * "Iluzija"<ref>Слушнете ја „Илузија“ на бендот Визија http://www.mkd.mk/zabava/domashna/slushnete-ja-iluzija-na-bendot-vizija-video {{Wayback|url=http://www.mkd.mk/zabava/domashna/slushnete-ja-iluzija-na-bendot-vizija-video |date=20131230235604 }}</ref> * "Zivej" == Tixraacyada == <references/> [[Category:Makedonya| ]] s18o43dzx3ecdg0bxicea73r40jvlo1 Xuquuqda dadka 0 17735 312293 296259 2026-11-11T09:41:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312293 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan dadka xaqa dadka. Maqaalo kale fiiri [[Taariikhda Xuquuqda Aadamaha]] ::''Boga "[[Xuquuqda Aadamaha]]" halkan aya laga soo toosiyay. [[File:English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg|thumb|Sharciga Xuquuqda'' (1689)]] '''Xuquuqda Aadamaha''' ({{lang-en|''human rights''}}; {{lang-ar|حقوق الإنسان}}) marka la tixraacayo sharciga, '''xuquuqda dadku''', waa xoriyada qofka ee nafsada, maalka, diinta, jinsiga, fikrada, taageerida, isirka, wadanka iyo guud ahaan jiritaanka qof xor ah. Intaas waxaa dheer xuquuqda aadamuhu waa fikrada in dadku siman yahay dhamaantoodna xaq leeyihiin: <blockquote> ''Dhamaan dadku waxay ku dhasheen xoriyad iyo sharaf isku mid ah, waxayna leeyihiin xaq.''<br/> Sida uu dhigayo Maqaalka 1aad [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ee [[Xuquuqda Dadka Caalamiga]] (UDHR)<ref>magaca UDHR{{Harvard citation no brackets |UDHR |1948 }}</ref> </blockquote> Hadaba maanta qodobada xoriyada dadka waa mid ay ilaaliyaan [[Dastuur|sharciyada wadanada]] iyo [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay|sharciyada caalamiga ahi]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets |Nickel |2010 }}</ref> Sidoo kale xuquuqdaasi waxaa loo yaqaanaa '' kuwo caalami ah,'' sababtoo ah waa kuwo qof kasta xaq u leeyahay ayadoon la fiirinaynin [[midab]]ka, [[qabiil|qolada]], [[diin]]ta, [[wadan]]iyada, [[Gaboow|da'da]], [[jinsi]]ga (sidoo kale [[xuquuqda haweenka]]), fikirka siyaasadeed (ama fikrado kale noocay rabaan ha noqdeen), [[caqli]]ga, [[naafo]]nimada, iyo wixii kale ee la halmaala. Qof kasta waxaas oo dhan ayuu leeyahay (iyo waliba xuquuq kale oo badan), waxaana macquul ahayn in qofka badh ka mid ah xuquuqdaasi loo diido, sida uu xusayo heshiiskan: <blockquote> Dhamaan xuquuqda dadku waa mid siman, caalami ah (dhamaan dunida), mid la kala qeybin karin (ama badh laga tegi kari), waa mid isku xidhan oo qaraabo ah. Bulshada caalamku waa ineey ugu dhaqmaan xuquuqda dadka caalamiga ah si cadaalad iyo sinaan leh, taasi oo ku salaysan wanaag iyo xaqdhowr.<br/> Shirkii Xuquuqda Aadamaha Aduunka, Fiyeena, 1993 </blockquote> =Taariikh= Fikrada ku saabsan xuquuqda dadka waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa [[diin|diimaha]] iyo [[Filasoofiyada|cilmiga filosofiga]]. =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Qoxooti]] *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] *[[UNESCO]] *[[UNICEF]] *[[ICAO]] =Linkiyo Kale= * [http://www.un.org/en/sections/priorities/human-rights/index.html United Nations: Human Rights] * [http://www.hrbaportal.org UN Practitioner's Portal on HRBA Programming] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hrbaportal.org/ |date=20191114002756 }} UN centralised webportal on the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Programming * [http://www.ishr.ch/guides-to-the-un-system/simple-guide-to-treaty-bodies Simple Guide to the UN Treaty Bodies] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ishr.ch/guides-to-the-un-system/simple-guide-to-treaty-bodies |date=20131001212156 }} (International Service for Human Rights) * [http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices] U.S. Department of State. * [http://ictj.org/ International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ)] * [http://www.iidh.org The International Institute of Human Rights] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160311164119/http://ihrlaw.org/ IHRLaw.org] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]] [[Category:Qoxooti]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Nolol]] {{Commons|Category:Human Rights}} m4a50moaump2gsis2q27xu0eaj9hlqj Xoriyad 0 17966 312292 296258 2026-11-11T09:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Magna_Carta_(British_Library_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II.106).jpg|thumb|right|Sharciga xoriyada oo uu qoray nin Ingiriis ah 1259kii]] '''Xoriyad''' ({{lang-en|liberty}} sidoo kale ''"freedom"''; {{lang-ar|حرية}}) marka laga hadlayo filosofiyada waxaa "xoriyada" lagu sharaxaa xor ahaanta qof ee dhaqanka, diinta, luuqada, jinsiga, fikirka iyo mabda'a siyaad.<ref>"The fact of not being controlled by or subject to fate; freedom of will." ''Oxford English Dictionary''.[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/107898?rskey=Fm0VI1&result=1#eid]</ref> Dhinaca kale marka laga hadlayo siyaasada waxaa xoriyada lagu sharaxaa xoriyada bulshonimo iyo siyaasadeed eee qof ku dhexleeyahay wadan muwaadin ka yahay.<ref>"Each of those social and political freedoms which are considered to be the entitlement of all members of a community; a civil liberty." ''Oxford English Dictionary''.[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/107898?rskey=Fm0VI1&result=1#eid]</ref> =Qoraalo Kale= *[[Xuquuqda dadka]] *[[Xuquuqda Aadamaha|Sharciyada Xoriyada Caalamiga ah]] =Linkiyo= * [http://www.un.org/en/sections/priorities/human-rights/index.html United Nations: Human Rights] * [http://www.hrbaportal.org UN Practitioner's Portal on HRBA Programming] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hrbaportal.org/ |date=20191114002756 }} UN centralised webportal on the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development Programming * [http://www.ishr.ch/guides-to-the-un-system/simple-guide-to-treaty-bodies Simple Guide to the UN Treaty Bodies] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ishr.ch/guides-to-the-un-system/simple-guide-to-treaty-bodies |date=20131001212156 }} (International Service for Human Rights) * [http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices] U.S. Department of State. * [http://ictj.org/ International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ)] * [http://www.iidh.org The International Institute of Human Rights] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160311164119/http://ihrlaw.org/ IHRLaw.org] =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]] [[Category:Qoxooti]] [[Category:Dad]] [[Category:Nolol]] {{Commons|Category:Liberty}} 1npwzmmw65sktafajj2c8i2my1y5b9q Majeerteen 0 20515 312247 312068 2026-11-11T05:02:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Majeerteen<br>ماجرتين | image = File:Ahmed Tahir- Governor of Bosaso.jpg | caption = Axmed Taajir, taliyihii Boosaaso sanadkii 1889 | type = [[Darod| Beesha Daarood]] | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]]<br>{{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]]<br>{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yaman]]<br> {{flagicon|Oman}}[[Cumaan]]<br>{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Eratareya]] | descended = [[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil Al-Jabarti]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af-Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]] | religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islaam]] | branches = *[[Wabeeneeye]] *Siwaaqroon *Cali Jibraahil *Amaanle *[[Bicidyahan|Cali Ibraahim Jibraahil]] *Cali Saleebaan *[[Ugaar Saleebaan]] *Maxamuud Saleebaan **[[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]] **[[Omar Mohamoud|Cumar Maxamuud]] **Nuux Maxamuud **[[Isse Mohamoud|Ciise Maxamuud]] | parent_tribe = [[Harti|Harti]] | image_size = 250px }} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} '''Majeerteen''', ({{langx|so|Majeerteen}}, {{langx|ar|ماجرتين}}; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Majerteen''', '''Macherten''', '''Majertain''', ama '''Mijurtin''')<ref name=":1">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |title=Ethnic Groups |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530145554/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |archive-date=30 May 2010 |access-date=18 May 2010 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]]}}</ref> oo kale looga yaqaan '''Maxamed Harti''',<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=John Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&dq=mohamme+harti&pg=PA140 |title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950", Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484 |date=1951 |publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> waa jufo-hoosaad Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan laanta [[Harti]] ee [[Darod|Beesha Daarood]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C44dAQAAMAAJ |title=Africa |date=1982 |publisher=Africa Journal Limited |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1994-07-01 |title=Caselaw and Decisions |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/13.2-3.198 |journal=Refugee Survey Quarterly |volume=13 |issue=2–3 |pages=198–219 |doi=10.1093/rsq/13.2-3.198 |issn=1020-4067|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Dhaqan ahaan, waxay deggan yihiin dhul ballaadhan oo ka tirsan gobollada [[Bari (gobol)|Bari]], [[Nugaal]], iyo [[Mudug]] ee Soomaaliya, iyagoo ka soo bilaabmaya [[Boosaaso]] ilaa [[Garacad]], inta badan dowlad-goboleedka [[Puntland]]. Intaas waxaa dheer, dadka Majeerteen waxay joogaan magaalooyinka koonfureed sida [[Kismaayo]].<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book |last=Humphrey |first=James Harry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OneDq8BbtuUC&q=majeerteen+ogade&pg=RA1-PA25 |title=Issues in Contemporary Athletics |date=6 May 2018 |publisher=Nova Publishers |isbn=9781594545955 |access-date=6 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230230230/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OneDq8BbtuUC&pg=RA1-PA25&lpg=RA1-PA25&dq=majeerteen+ogade&source=bl&ots=0TVRDrrKzH&sig=jf7uzWwbQfXXH9n8y0yJVYRw2VI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsx7Dn47HYAhVrJ8AKHYnwAjAQ6AEIUDAG#v=onepage&q=majeerteen+ogade&f=false |archive-date=30 December 2017 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}</ref> ==Dulmar== [[Sultanadkii Majeerteen|Sultanadaha Majeerteen]] waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen xilligii ka horreeyay xorriyadda Soomaaliya.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecoi.net/local_link/195658/314288_de.html |title=Information on the Majerteen Clan and the Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia (DFSS), Somalia &#91;SOM1546&#93; |date=24 July 1989 |access-date=2017-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230230157/https://www.ecoi.net/local_link/195658/314288_de.html |archive-date=2017-12-30 }}</ref> Sidoo kale Majeerteen waxay haysteen xilal kale oo dowladeed oo muhiim ah 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii, waxayna weli ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah dowlad-goboleedka Puntland iyo Soomaaliya oo dhan. == Asalka Magaca == Magaca Majeerteen wuxuu ka dhigan yahay mid aad loo jecel yahay ama aad loo qaddariyo af Soomaaliga, wuxuuna ka yimid ereyga xididka ah ee Majeero, kaas oo la macne ah soo jiidasho xoog leh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Diiriye|first=Anwar Maxamed|title=Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings|publisher=Gobaad Communications & Press|year=2006|isbn=9780972661515|pages=67}}</ref> ==Deegaanka== Majeerteen waa dhaqan ahaan dad deggan gobollada waqooyi ee Soomaaliya ee [[Bari, Soomaaliya|Bari]], [[Nugal, Soomaaliya|Nugal]] iyo [[Mudug]].<ref name="Ras">Royal African Society, ''African Affairs'', Volume 101, (Oxford University Press: 2002) p.101.</ref> Waxaa kale oo laga heli karaa [[Kismaayo]] oo ku taalla koonfurta Soomaaliya sabab la xiriirta tahriibyo billowday qarnigii 19aad iyaga iyo xubnaha ay walaalaha yihiin ee jufo-weynta [[Harti]], sida [[Dhulbahante]], [[Dishiishe]] iyo [[Warsangeli]]. Majeerteen waxay dhaqan ahaan degan yihiin dhulka u dhexeeya [[Murcanyo]], Bandar Siyad oo ah magaalo dekedduuseed qadiimi ah oo ku wajahan [[Gacanka Cadmeed]], iyo [[Garacad]] oo ah magaalo dekedduuseed xeebeed oo ku wajahan [[Badweynta Hindiya]] iyo dhulka oo dhan ee u dhexeeya kaas oo u dhigma aagga koobaya Geska Afrika.<ref name="fragilestates.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.fragilestates.org/2012/01/10/somalias-complex-clan-dynamics/|title=Somalia's Complex Clan Dynamics|date=10 January 2012|website=fragilestates.org|access-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231211853/https://www.fragilestates.org/2012/01/10/somalias-complex-clan-dynamics/|archive-date=31 December 2017}}</ref> Sidaas darteed, Majeerteen waxay deggan yihiin waxa si dhab ah loogu tixgeliyo inuu yahay 'Geeska Afrika'. Qaar ka mid ah dadka Majeerteen sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa [[Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Aagga Doolo]] ee u dhow xuduudda Soomaaliya.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/> Majeerteen waa qayb ka mid ah jufo-hoosaadyada Daarood ee ka tirsan Soomaaliya.<ref name="fragilestates.org"/> Majeerteen waxaa aad looga helaa magaalooyinka [[Boosaaso]], [[Garowe]] iyo [[Galkacyo]] waana magaalo-madaxyada gobollada [[Bari, Soomaaliya]], [[Nugal, Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Mudug]] siday u kala horreeyaan. [[Osman Mahmoud|Cismaan Maxamuud]], [[Omar Mohamoud|Cumar Maxamuud]], iyo [[Isse Mohamoud|Ciise Maxamuud]] waxay ka kooban yihiin Maxamuud Saleebaan; kaas oo ay la socdaan Cali Saleebaan iyo [[Ugaar Saleebaan]],{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ka ah jufo-hoosaadka ugu weyn ee Saleebaan Maxamed (Majeerteen). Daraasad la soo saaray 2010 waxay ku qeexaysaa inay tahay labadaba qaybta ugu weyn ee Majeerteen iyo hay'ad dhexe oo mideynaysa Puntland.<ref name="SciPo">{{Cite web | first=Roland | last=Marchal | title=The Puntland State of Somalia: A Tentative Social Analysis | url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/The_Puntland_State_of_Somalia.pdf | date=May 2010 | publisher=[[Sciences Po]] | access-date=2015-08-15 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100144/http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/The_Puntland_State_of_Somalia.pdf | archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref> Intii lagu guda jiray 1960-meeyadii, [[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]], Cali Saleebaan (ama Cali Saleebaan), Wadalmoge iyo Ciise Maxamuud waxay sameeyeen fasal ganacsi oo xoog badan oo ku yaalla [[Kismaayo]],<ref name="SciPo" /> halka [[Siad Barre]] uu ka faa'iideystay loolankii u dhaxeeyay Cali Saleebaan iyo Cumar Maxamuud si uu u daciifiyo Majeerteen guud ahaan.<ref name="SciPo" /> Taariikh ahaan, Majeerteen waxay qayb ka ahaayeen shabakad ganacsi oo xeebeed oo ku wareegsan [[Badda Cas]] iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]], iyaga oo la socda jufo-hoosaadyada kale.<ref name="SciPo" /> ==Taariikhda== {{main|Majeerteen Sultanate|Sultanate of Hobyo|Somali aristocratic and court titles}} ===Taariikhda hore ee Majeerteen=== Xusidda ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyay ee beesh Majeerteen (Mijertayne Somauli) ee Ingiriisiga waxay ka muuqataa qayb uu qoray [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]], kaas oo ku tilmaamay inay degaan xeebta [[Xaafuun]] hoos imaanaya hoggaanka suldaan la odhan jiray Xasan. Salt wuxuu sheegay in [[Sultan bin Ahmad|Iimaamka Maskat]] uu horay u soo diray hadiyado uu u diray Majeerteen wuxuuna codsaday oggolaansho inuu dhiso qalcad yar oo ku taal xeebta Xaafuun. Codsigan siisay diidmo, hadiyadihiina waa la diiday, iyadoo la ilaalinayay madaxbannaanida qabiilka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salt |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QzGKBkUTLrkC&pg=PA95&dq=mijertayne+somauli&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL1c22m5uVAxWdVkEAHfOnFW4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=The%20Imaum%20of%20Muscat%20some%20time%20ago%20sent%20presents%20of%20considerable%20value%20to%20this%20tribe,%20and%20solicited%20permission%20to%20build%20a%20small%20fort%20on%20the%20pro-montory%20of%20d'Orfui%20(called%20by%20the%20natives%20Hafoon;)&f=false |title=A Voyage to Abyssinia: And Travels Into the Interior of that Country, Executed Under the Orders of the British Government, in the Years 1809 and 1810; in which are Included, an Account of the Portuguese Settlements on the East Coast of Africa, Visited in the Course of the Voyage; a Concise Narrative of Late Events in Arabia Felix; and Some Particulars Respecting the Aboriginal African Tribes, Extending from Mosambique to the Borders of Egypt; Together with Vocabularies of Their Respective Languages |date=1814 |publisher=F. C. and J. Rivington |language=en|pages=95}}</ref> Xisaab [[English people|Ingiriis]] ah oo soo baxday 1727 oo ku saabsan duullaan burcad-badeed Soomaaliyeed oo lagu qaaday markab Hindi ah oo biyo raadinayay meel u dhow [[Ras Filuk]], ee maanta ah [[Murcanyo]], ayaa u muuqata diiwaanka qoran ee ugu horreeya ee hawlaha burcad-badeednimo ee Majeerteen ee suurtogalka ah. Burcad-badeeddu waxay laayeen dhammaan shaqaalihii marka laga reebo laba wiil oo yaryar waxayna markabkii Hindiya keeneen xeebta. Dabadeed waxay u dhoofeen [[Aden]], halkaas oo ay labadii wiil ku iibiyeen addoonsi.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-new-account-of-the-eas_hamilton-alexander_1727_1/page/n64/mode/1up?q=Guardasa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpwMLb55uVAxU4RUEAHbGOGJgQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=%22The%20other%20is%20called%20khaji%22&f=false |title=A new account of the East Indies, being the observations and remarks of Capt. Alexander Hamilton, who spent his time there from the year 1688. to 1723. Trading and travelling, by sea and land, to most of the countries and islands of commerce and navigation, between the Cape of Good-hope, and the Island of Japon. ... 1727: Vol 1 |date=1746 |publisher=Thomas Astley |language=en|pages=64|publication-date=1727}}</ref> ===Taariikhda badda ee hore ee Majeerteen=== Horraantii qarnigii 18aad, sheekh diimeed Majeerteen ah oo la odhan jiray Cumar ayaa ka tagay Soomaaliya ka dib markii uu ka cararay khilaaf qoys oo aan dhammaad lahayn oo ku saabsan awoodda iyo hantida. Isagoo dareemay in loogu yeedhay inuu Islaamka baro dalal shisheeye, wuxuu yimid [[Tadjoura]], halkaas oo qabiilka Ayrolasso Afar ay soo dhaweeyeen, siiyeenna xaas, isla markaana ay ku dhex dareen kooxdooda qabiilka. Guurkan waxaa ka dhashay wiil la odhan jiray Roble. Roble wuxuu dambe la lahaa laba wiil, Ibraahim iyo Cumar. Cumar wuxuu guursaday Nagousse Fattou, gabadhii Suldaankii Tadjoura ee ka soo jeeday qabiilka xukumayay ee Dini-Sarra. Farcankooda waxay noqdeen kuwo loo yaqaan jufo-hoosaadka Roble-Omarto ee Ayrolasso. Axmed-Dini, oo ahaa awowga weyn ee sheekh Majeerteen ee soo haajiray, wuxuu noqday Qaadiga Tadjoura bartamihii qarnigii 19aad.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aden |first=Mohamed |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=s5FmeaPANlcC&pg=PA27&dq=roblek-kamil+darod&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif9p_jx9WVAxUjUEEAHZ_YKPMQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Roblek-Kamil |date=2006-06-01 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-296-14905-2 |pages=27-37 |language=fr}}</ref> Ganacsatada Majeerteen waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen shabakadaha ganacsiga Badda Cas iyo Badweynta Hindiya qarnigii 19aad. Mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka caanka ah wuxuu ahaa Yunus Buraale, oo ahaa ganacsade Majeerteen ah iyo [[Nakhuda]] oo ka tirsan jufo-hoosaadka Abdirahim Ibrahim. Sannadkii 1808, Salt wuxuu xusay in Yunus, oo ay la socdeen walaalkiis iyo ganacsato kale oo Soomaaliyeed, ay ka aas-aaseen warshad ganacsi [[Bay of Hawakil|Harena]], oo ahayd saldhig ku yaal xeebta Badda Cas ee Ereteriya, isagoo qoraya: <blockquote>Waxaan sidoo kale helay koox ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ah, kuwaas oo hoos tagaya maamulka walaalkiis Yunus, ka aas-aasay warshad yar meeshan si ay u dhex maraan xiriir ay la yeeshaan dadka deegaanka, taas oo ah tusaale ganacsi oo si xoog leh u calaamadinaysa sarraynta Soomaalida ee dhammaan qabiilooyinka kale ee Afrikaanka ah ee xeebta. Badeecadaha dhoofinta ugu waaweyn waxay ka kooban yihiin addoommo, fardo, lo'da, riyo, iyo subag, kuwaas oo tiro aad u badan mar walba laga heli karo agagaarka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salt |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4mldAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA191&dq=I+also+found+a+party+of+Somauli+traders,+who,+under+the+direction+of+Yunus's+brother,+had+established+a+small+factory+at+this+place+for+the+purpose+of+carrying+on+an+intercourse+with+the+natives,+an+instance+of+enterprise+strongly+marking+the+superiority+of+the+Somauli+over+all+other+African+tribes+on+the+coast.+The+chief+exports+consist+of+slaves,+horses,+cattle,+goats,+and+ghee,+of+which+latter+very+considerable+quantities+are+always+to+be+procured+in+the+neighbourhood.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWsb352KaVAxWrSfEDHf9MMsAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=I%20also%20found%20a%20party%20of%20Somauli%20traders,%20who,%20under%20the%20direction%20of%20Yunus's%20brother,%20had%20established%20a%20small%20factory%20at%20this%20place%20for%20the%20purpose%20of%20carrying%20on%20an%20intercourse%20with%20the%20natives,%20an%20instance%20of%20enterprise%20strongly%20marking%20the%20superiority%20of%20the%20Somauli%20over%20all%20other%20African%20tribes%20on%20the%20coast.%20The%20chief%20exports%20consist%20of%20slaves,%20horses,%20cattle,%20goats,%20and%20ghee,%20of%20which%20latter%20very%20considerable%20quantities%20are%20always%20to%20be%20procured%20in%20the%20neighbourhood.&f=false |title=A Voyage to Abyssinia, and Travels Into the Interior of that Country, Executed Under the Orders of the British Government, in the Years 1809 and 1810; in which are Included an Account of the Portuguese Settlements on the East Coast of Africa, Visited in the Course of the Voyage .... Together with Vocabularies of Their Respective Languages |date=1814 |publisher=Rivington |language=en|publication-date=191}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Location of Harena.jpg|thumb|Harena, goobta uu ku sugnaa warshadda ganacsiga ee Majeerteen]] [[File:Yunus Buraale.jpg|thumb|Sawirka 1809 ee Yunus Buraale oo uu qaaday Henry Salt]] Safarkii Yunus sida ay diiwaangeliyeen Salt, [[George Annesley, 2nd Earl of Mountnorris|George Annesley]], iyo [[Nathaniel Pearce]], wuxuu keenay [[Red Sea|xeebta Badda Cas]] laga bilaabo [[Yanbu]], [[Jeddah]], [[Suakin]] iyo [[Massawa]] ilaa [[Tigray Region|Tigray]], halkaas oo George Annesley uu kula kulmay oo uu wareystay adeege ka tirsan Yunus banaanka magaalada Tigray ee [[Adwa]] 1809.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mountnorris |first=George Annesley Earl of |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kbsRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA204&dq=Ayto+Ischias,+by+the+priest+whom+I+met+on+my+return+from+Axum,+and+by+the+servant+of+Yunus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZoJ3Y6aWVAxXcVUEAHWkONYwQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ayto%20Ischias,%20by%20the%20priest%20whom%20I%20met%20on%20my%20return%20from%20Axum,%20and%20by%20the%20servant%20of%20Yunus&f=false |title=Voyages and Travels to India, Ceylon, the Red Sea, Abyssinia, and Egypt: In the Years 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, and 1806 |date=1811 |publisher=F., C., and J. Rivington |language=en|pages=204}}</ref> Sannadkii 1809, Yunus wuxuu sidoo kale si kooban u noqday ergo u dhaxeysa Pearce iyo Ras-kii Tigray ee xilligaas, [[Wolde Selassie]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-25 |title='Territorial settlement in Abyssinia – inexpedient' [52v] (28/64) |url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100089872188.0x00001d |access-date=2026-06-27 |website=Qatar Digital Library |language=English|page=28}}</ref> Sannadkii 1809, Yunus waxaa si qarsoodi ah u sumeeyay [[Afar people|Damoheita Afar]] ka dib markii ay heleen warqado ay ku qornaayeen amarro ka timid Omar Aga, guddoomiyihii [[Ottoman Empire|Usmaaniyiinta]] ee [[Massawa]]. Dhaqanka soo jireenka ah ee Soomaalida, doonigii Yunus waxaa dhaxlay wiilkiisa, Warsame, kaas oo ay la socdeen adeerkiis iyo carmalkii Damoheita Afar ee aabbihiis, aasay oo u baroor diiqay ganacsadaha weyn.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salt |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QzGKBkUTLrkC&pg=PA138&dq=Wursum+the+son+of+Yunus,+who+on+the+death+of+his+father+had&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjeiY7_7qWVAxWSXUEAHdNsDe8Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Wursum%20the%20son%20of%20Yunus,%20who%20on%20the%20death%20of%20his%20father%20had&f=false |title=A Voyage to Abyssinia: And Travels Into the Interior of that Country, Executed Under the Orders of the British Government, in the Years 1809 and 1810; in which are Included, an Account of the Portuguese Settlements on the East Coast of Africa, Visited in the Course of the Voyage; a Concise Narrative of Late Events in Arabia Felix; and Some Particulars Respecting the Aboriginal African Tribes, Extending from Mosambique to the Borders of Egypt; Together with Vocabularies of Their Respective Languages |date=1814 |publisher=F. C. and J. Rivington |language=en|pages=138}}</ref> Sannadkii 1841, [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie|Antoine d'Abbadie]] wuxuu kulmay badmaax Majeerteen ah oo la odhan jiray Maxamed Araale, kaas oo sheegay inuu la safray Salt markii uu yaraa isla markaana ay la socdeen adeerkiis, Yunus Buraale. d'Abbadie wuxuu ka qoray Araale: <blockquote>Magaciisu waa Arrali, wuxuuna la safray Salt, kaas oo ka helay adeerkii xogta uu qoraalkan ka bixinayo dalka Soomaaliya. Salt wuxuu qoray magaca adeerkii Yunis (Younis).<ref>{{Cite book |last=géographie (France) |first=Société de |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0dwFnX7zIf0C&pg=PA49&dq=Salt+%C3%A9crit+le+nom+de+son+oncle+Yunis+(younis).&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkxsjgwZuVAxUQW0EAHT5bAMUQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Salt%20%C3%A9crit%20le%20nom%20de%20son%20oncle%20Yunis%20(younis).&f=false |title=Bulletin de la Société de géographie |date=1842 |publisher=Société de géographie |language=fr|pages=49}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Lineage of Yunus and Araale to Majeerteen.jpg|thumb|Nasabka Majeerteen ee Maxamed Araale, abti u ahaa Yunus Buraale]] Jannaayo 1841, d'Abbadie wuxuu diiwaangeliyay nasabka dhammaystiran ee adeerka Yunus Araale, isagoo xaqiijiyay nasabka Majeerteen ee Yunus sida soo socota: <blockquote>Muhamad Araale Ilmi Siyad Ali Odowaa Ismail Yusuf Muhamad Ahmed Abdirahim Ibrahim Jibraahiil....Majeerteen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abbadie |first=Antoine d' |url=http://archive.org/details/geographiedelet00abba |title=Géographie de l'Ethiopie: ce que j'ai entendu, faisant suite à ce que j'ai vu |date=1890 |publisher=Paris : Mesnil |others=University of California Libraries|pages=338}}</ref></blockquote> Xiriirka Yunus ee la lahaa laanta Abdirahim Ibrahim ee Majeerteen waxaa sii xaqiijiyay [[Theodor von Heuglin]] markii uu booqday Harena iyo Jasiiradda Baka ee [[Bay of Hawakil|Gacanka Howakil]], halkaas oo uu ku taxay farcanka Yunus ee Baka iyo Harena "Soomaalida ka soo jeeda Eial Abd Ur Rahim (Abdurahim Ibrahim)."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heuglin |first=Theodor von |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WtV7FpiJA5UC&pg=PA302&dq=%22eial+abd+ur+rahim%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigpvv0x5uVAxUgXUEAHWbfAYAQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Abd%20ur&f=false |title=Reise in Nordost-Afrika: Schilderungen aus dem Gebiete der Beni Amer und Habab nebst zoologischen Skizzen und einem Führer für Jagdreisende |date=1877 |publisher=G. Westermann |language=de|pages=302}}</ref> ===Sultanadkii Majeerteen ee Ereteriya ee Jasiiradda Baka=== Ganacsatada Majeerteen ee ka soo jeeda jufo-hoosaadka Warwaaqsame waxay u haajireen Harena oo ka timid gobolka Bari, oo uu ku jiro Maxamed Abubakar (jufo-hoosaadka Warwaaqsame), oo yimid Harena dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad isagoo wata Yunus (jufo-hoosaadka Abdirahim Ibrahim) iyo walaalkiis Yunus. Wiilkiisa, Axmed Maxamed, ayaa dambe caan ku noqday ganacsade laga yaqaanay [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]]. Hawlaha ganacsigiisu waxay ka soo fidsanaayeen [[Suakin]], halkaas oo uu kula kulmay [[Theodor von Heuglin]] 1857, ilaa [[Massawa]] iyo gobolka [[Bay of Hawakil|Howakil]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wLMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA347&dq=Somali-Kaufmanns,+Muhamed+Achmed&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzM7Dwp2VAxV4QkEAHfEyGT8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Somali-Kaufmanns,%20Muhamed%20Achmed&f=false |title=Dr. A. Petermanns Mitteilungen aus Justus Perthes' geographischer Anstalt |date=1860 |publisher=H. Haack |language=de|pages=347}}</ref> [[Afar people|Damoheita Afar]] ee Howakil, ee uu Axmed Maxamed la ganacsan jiray, waxay aad ula dhaceen hantidiisa oo ay siiyeen maamulka jasiiradda Baka waxayna siiyeen saddex dumar ah oo ka mid ah gabdhaha madaxda caanka ah ee Damoheita Afar ee uu la lahaa labaatan wiil. Sarkaalka sare Teobaldo Folchi ayaa ku xaqiijiyay warbixintiisa, isagoo qoraya:<blockquote>Todobaatan ama siddeetan sano ka hor madax Soomaaliyeed ah, nin la odhan jiray Maxamed Axmed, ayaa yimid Harena, kana yimid Muqdisho, si uu halkaas u dego. Markii ay soo dhaweeyeen Damhoeita oo ahayd marti sharaf leh, wuxuu noqday qayb ka mid ah bulshadooda wuxuuna xiriir qoys la yeeshay saddex ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashooda, kuwaas oo iyagoo gabdhooda u siiyay guur imaatinka cusub, si iskood ah u siiyay jasiiradda Baca hadiyad ahaan inuu dego.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zaccaria |first=Massimo |url=https://www.academia.edu/4602637/Le_note_del_commissario_Teobaldo_Folchi_e_i_cenni_storico_amministrativi_sul_commissariato_di_Massaua_1898_ |title=Le note del commissario. Teobaldo Folchi e i cenni storico-amministrativi sul commissariato di Massaua (1898) |date=2009-01-01 |pages=282}}</ref></blockquote> Sannadkii 1857, Heuglin wuxuu sidoo kale xaqiijiyay mulkiyadda Jasiiradda Baka ee ganacsadaha Massawa Axmed Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wLMBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA347&dq=Somali-Kaufmanns,+Muhamed+Achmed&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzM7Dwp2VAxV4QkEAHfEyGT8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=snippet&q=Achmed%20muhamed&f=falseh&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzM7Dwp2VAxV4QkEAHfEyGT8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Somali-Kaufmanns,%20Muhamed%20Achmed&f=false |title=Dr. A. Petermanns Mitteilungen aus Justus Perthes' geographischer Anstalt |date=1860 |publisher=H. Haack |language=de|pages=351}}</ref> Sannadkii 1869, Axmed Maxamed wuxuu ahaa, xaqiiqo ahaan, sababtoo ah hantidiisa faraha badan, taliyaha aan la murmin ee dhammaan xeebta Howakil ilaa Meder, iyadoo xataa madaxda deegaanka [[Afar people|Afar]] ay u haysan jireen Axmed markii qunsulka Faransiiska [[Werner Munzinger]] uu isku dayay inuu dhex maro dalka Afarta, isagoo u diray doonyo si ay u weydiistaan oggolaansho in loo oggolaado Munzinger inuu safro.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Britain) |first=Royal Geographical Society (Great |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9Do7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA192&dq=somali+Munzinger+bucker&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjl_PHQ86WVAxXaVEEAHUb-EckQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=somali%20Munzinger%20bucker&f=false |title=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society ... |date=1869 |publisher=J. Murray |language=en|pages=192}}</ref> [[File:Map of Baka (Bucker) island.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda jasiiradda Baka]] Markتب gaadhay 1872, intii uu socday booqashadii [[Johann Maria Hildebrandt|Hildebrandt]] ee Baka, Axmed Maxamed wuxuu geeriyooday, jasiiraddana waxaa degganaa labaatankiisa wiil iyo qoysaskooda.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin |url=http://archive.org/details/zeitschriftderg37berlgoog |title=Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin |date=1866 |publisher=Berlin : D. Reimer |others=Harvard University|pages=14}}</ref>[[File:Lineage of the Baka Sultans.jpg|thumb|Nasabka Sultannada Baka Axmed, Muuse, iyo Warsame]] Dhimashadii Axmed ka dib, walaalkiis, Muuse Maxamed, ayaa loo magacaabay Suldaanka cusub ee Baka. Dabadeed, wiilka abti kiis, Warsame Maxamed, ayaa sidoo kale degay jasiiraddana wuxuu noqday madaxa cusub ee jasiiradda, kaas oo isna u gudbiyay Saleh, wiilka Axmed Maxamed, intii lagu jiray xilligii [[Italian Eritrea|gumeysiga Talyaaniga]]. Saleh Axmed wuxuu geeriyooday 1897 waxaana beddelay wiilkiisa, Axmed Saleh.<ref>{{Cite book |last=VV |first=AA |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FPpHVhUzPcIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=GB&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=%22Figlio%20Ahmed%20Saleh%22&f=false |title=Le note del commissario.: Teobaldo Folchi e i cenni storico-amministrativi sul commissariato di Massaua (1898) |date=2009-05-28 |publisher=FrancoAngeli |isbn=978-88-568-0975-6 |language=it|pages=283}}</ref> Qabiilooyinka Baka waxaa loo qaybiyay saddex qaybood, mid kastaa wuxuu ka soo jeedaa taliyayaashii hore ee jasiiradda: * Bayt Axmed Maxamed - farcankii Suldaankii ugu horreeyay ee Baka, Axmed Maxamed * Bayt Muuse Maxamed - farcankii Suldaankii labaad ee Baka, Muuse Maxamed * Bayt Warsame Maxamed - farcankii Suldaankii saddexaad ee Baka, Warsame Maxamed<ref>{{Cite book |last=Folchi |first=Teobaldo |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZYIwAQAAIAAJ&q=La+trib%C3%B9+si+divide+in+tre+frazioni+che+prendono+il+nome+dal+3+Capi+famiglia&dq=La+trib%C3%B9+si+divide+in+tre+frazioni+che+prendono+il+nome+dal+3+Capi+famiglia&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQxey9iaiVAxUmQ0EAHQ2nBJMQ6AF6BAgKEAM#%22Mussa%20Mohammed%22 |title=Le note del commissario: Teobaldo Folchi e i cenni storico amministrativi sul commissariato di Massaua (1898) |last2=Zaccaria |first2=Massimo |date=2009 |publisher=Franco Angeli |isbn=978-88-568-1189-6 |pages=209 |language=it}}</ref> [[File:1911 Lineage of the Eritrean Sultan of the Warwaqsame Majeerteen.jpg|left|thumb|Nasabka Suldaanka Ereteriya ee Warwaaqsame Majeerteen, 1913]] Intii lagu guda jiray gumeysiga Talyaaniga ee [[Eretriya]], qabiilku wuxuu noqday mid si wadajir ah loogu yaqaan "Ad Saleh", oo loogu magac daray suldaankoodii ugu caansanaa, Saleh Axmed. Maamulka Talyaanigu waxay sidoo kale diiwaangeliyeen nasabka Suldaankii Baka ee xilligaas sida: <blockquote>Sheikh Ahmed Saleh Ahmed Muhammad Abubakar Yusuf Guled Yahya Ibrahim Daud Hassan Habib Ardul-Nabi Warwaaqsame Majeerteen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eritrea (Ethiopia) |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=V25BAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1958&dq=%22Ad+Saleh%22+eritrea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2trqj9J-VAxUfVvEDHQlfKvcQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Guled%22&f=false |title=Relazione sulla colonia Eritrea del R. commissario civile deputato Ferdinando Martini per gli esercizi 1902-1907 presentata dal ministro delle colonie (Bertolini) nella seduta del 14 giugno 1913 ...: Serie schizzi, anno 1907. (Riproduzione vietata) |last2=Martini |first2=Ferdinando |date=1913 |publisher=Tip. della Camera dei deputati |language=it|pages=1959}}</ref></blockquote> Sannadkii 1891, waxaa dillaacay khilaaf u dhexeeya laba dhinac oo tartan ugu jiray Baka Majeerteen iyo Damoheita Afar. Taahir Axmed Maxamed, oo ka carooday go'aankii Suldaan Axmed Saleh uu ku doonayay inuu nabad kula galo Damoheita, ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay Suldaanka saxda ah wuxuuna ka aarsaday abti kiis, Axmed Saleh Axmed Maxamed, isagoo dalbaday in loo magacaabo madaxa Baka. Taahir wuxuu u cararay maxkamaddii [[Osman Mohamoud (king)|Suldaan Cismaan Maxamuud]] ee [[Majeerteen Sultanate|Majeerteeniya]]. Suldaan Cismaan ayaa markaas isku dayay inuu dhex dhexaadiyo oo uu xalliyo muranka u dhexeeya Taahir iyo Axmed, sida ka muuqata warqadaha u dhexeeya isaga iyo Guddoomiye [[Antonio Gandolfi|Gandolfi]] ee Ereteriya Talyaaniga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Napoli |first=Olindo |date=2018 |title=Potere Coloniale E Strategie Subalterne Alla Nascita Della Colonia Eritrea (1890-1892) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45390590 |journal=Quaderni storici |volume=53 |issue=158 (2) |pages=547 |issn=0301-6307}}</ref> Sheekh Axmed Saleh sheegashadiisa ku aaddaneyd Suldaanka Baka waxaa taageeray Sheekh Maxamed Sabiibi, madaxa qaybta Beit Khalifa ee Asawurta [[Saho people|Saho]], iyo Naib Idris Hassan oo ka tirsan [[Balaw]] ee Massawa. Warbixin ku saabsan muranka, Gandolfi wuxuu qoray:<blockquote>Sheekh Saleh ee la soo sheegay wuxuu ka dhaxlay Sheekhnimada jasiiradda Baka awowayaashiis, sida aad ka arki doontaan dukumentiyada loo diray qoyskiisa labada dowladood ee Turkiga iyo Masar, iyo sida Naib Idris ee Moncullo iyo Sheekh Zibibi ee Zula ay sidoo kale markaan karaan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Napoli |first=Olindo |date=2018 |title=Potere Coloniale E Strategie Subalterne Alla Nascita Della Colonia Eritrea (1890-1892) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45390590 |journal=Quaderni storici |volume=53 |issue=158 (2) |pages=553 |issn=0301-6307}}</ref></blockquote>Sannadkii 1895, Sheekh Axmed Saleh wuxuu dhaxlay jasiiradda u dhow ee Abbagubba wuxuuna canshuur ku rogay Damoheita Afar ee deegaanka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zaccaria |first=Massimo |url=https://www.academia.edu/4602637/Le_note_del_commissario_Teobaldo_Folchi_e_i_cenni_storico_amministrativi_sul_commissariato_di_Massaua_1898_ |title=Le note del commissario. Teobaldo Folchi e i cenni storico-amministrativi sul commissariato di Massaua (1898) |date=2009-01-01 |pages=283}}</ref> Sannadkii 1997, Sheekh Jamaal al-Din al-Shami wuxuu daabacay Al Manhal fi Tarikh wa Akhbar al-Afar al-Danakil, oo ay ku jirtay wareysi lala yeeshay Sheekh Axmed Saleh oo da' ah. Wareysiga, Axmed Saleh wuxuu mar kale ku celiyay nasabkiisa Majeerteen wuxuuna ka sheekeeyay sida awowayaashiis u degeen xeebta Ereteriya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=هاشم جمال الدين الشامي |url=http://archive.org/details/20210625_20210625_0847 |title=المنهل في تاريخ وأخبار العفر الدناكل |pages=510–511}}</ref>[[File:The journey from Somalia to Eritrea, taken by the Majeerteen merchants in the late 1700's.jpg|thumb|Safarkii ka yimid Soomaaliya ilaa Ereteriya, ee ay qaadeen ganacsatadii Majeerteen dhammaadkii 1700-meeyadii]] ===Sultanadaha Majeerteen ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Kingosmanbargaalcast.jpg|thumb|left|Hagaag qalcadii [[Sultanadkii Majeerteen]] ee [[Bargal]]]] [[Sultanadkii Majeerteen]] waxaa la aas-aasay qarnigii 15-16aad wuxuuna caan ku noqday qarnigii 19aad, hoos imaanaya xukunka [[King|Boqor]] [[Osman Mahamuud]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', (The Division: 1993), p.10.</ref> Suldanaddiisa waxay xukumaysay Bari Karkaar, [[Nugaal Valley|Nugaal]] iyo sidoo kale bartamaha Soomaaliya qarnigii 19aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Siyaasadda waxay haysatay shabakad ganacsi oo adag, waxay gashay heshiisyo lala galay qumo shisheeye, waxayna ku dhaqantay awood dhexe oo xoog leh dhanka gudaha.<ref name="HOA">''Horn of Africa'', Volume 15, Issues 1-4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p.130.</ref><ref name="WSP">''Transformation towards a regulated economy'', (WSP Transition Programme, Somali Programme: 2000) p.62.</ref> Sultanaddii Osman Mahamuud waxay ku dhowaatay in la burburiyo dhammaadkii 1800-meeyadii sabab la xiriirta loolan awoodeed oo dhex maray isaga iyo abti kiis damaca lahaa, [[Yusuf Ali Kenadid]] kaas oo aas-aasay [[Sultanate of Hobyo|Sultanadkii Hobyo]] 1878. Horraantii wuxuu rabay inuu la wareego maamulka Sultanadkii Majeerteen ee deriska ahaa, oo uu xukumayay adeerkiis Boqor Cismaan Maxamuud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Yusuf Ali Kenadid kuma guulaysan dadaalkiisii, waxaana ugu dambeyn lagu qasbay inuu u qaxo [[Yemen]]. Toban sano ka dib, 1870-meeyadii, Yusuf Ali Kenadid wuxuu ka soo laabtay [[Jaziiradda Araabta]] isagoo wata koox ka mid ah [[Hadhramaut|Hadhramaut]] [[musketeer]]s iyo koox ka mid ah saraakiil u heellan. Caawimahooda, wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu ka adkaado qabiilooyinka [[Hawiye]] ee deegaanka oo uu aas-aasay Boqortooyadii Hobyo 1878.<ref name="Metz" /><ref name="Cassanelli">Lee V. Cassanelli, ''The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900'', (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1982), p.75.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lea |first1=David |last2=Rowe |first2=Annamarie |date=2001 |title=A Political Chronology of Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROR1xreEJTsC&q=hobyo |publisher=Europa Publications |page=378 |isbn=1857431162}}</ref> [[File:Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadid.jpg|thumb|Taliyihii Majeerteen [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]], Suldaankii 2aad ee [[Sultanate of Hobyo]]]] [[File:Osman Yuusuf Keenadiid.gif| thumb|[[Osman Yusuf Kenadid]], abuuraha farta [[Osmanya]]]] [[File:Hersi Boqor.jpg|thumb|Hersi Boqor, wiilki [[Osman Mohamoud (king)|Boqor Cismaan]]]] Sida ku cad Sultanadkii Majeerteen, Sultanadkii Hobyo waxay leedahay awood dhexe oo xoog leh intii ay jirtay, waxayna lahayd dhammaan xubnaha iyo astaamaha dowlad casri ah oo isku dhafan: maamul shaqeynaya, aristocracy dhaxal gal ah, qoysas sharaf leh oo cinwaan leh, calan gobol, iyo sidoo kale ciidan xirfad leh.<ref name="HOA" /><ref name="NEAS">Michigan State University. African Studies Center, Northeast African studies, Volumes 11-12, (Michigan State University Press: 1989), p.32.</ref> Labada suldanadood waxay sidoo kale haysteen diiwaanno qoran oo ku saabsan hawlahooda, kuwaas oo weli jira.<ref name="Ssarif">{{cite book|title=Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 57-67|year=1986|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FlEAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> ===Xilligii Gumeysiga=== Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, dhammaan boqortooyadii waqooyi ee Soomaaliya waxay heshiisyo la galeen mid ka mid ah qumooyinka gumeysiga, Itoobiya, Ingiriiska ama Talyaaniga, marka laga reebo Dhulbahante.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jardine |first1=Douglas |date=1923 |title= Mad Mullah of Somaliland |quote=Early in 1885 Great Britain concluded separate protective treaties with all the Somali tribes now living under her protection, except the Warsangeli, who concluded a treaty in 1886, and the Dolbahanta, with whom no treaty has been made.}}</ref> Sidoo kale, dhammaadkii 1889, [[Osman Mohamoud (king)|Boqor Cismaan]] wuxuu galay heshiis lala galay [[Italian Somaliland|Talyaaniga]], taas oo ka dhigtay dhulkiisa mid [[protectorate]] u ah Talyaaniga. Suldaankiisii ​​tartamayay Kenadid wuxuu saxiixay heshiis la mid ah isagoo la leh Sultanadkiisa sanadkii ka horreeyay. Labada taliye waxay saxiixeen heshiisyada ilaalinta si ay u horumariyaan ujeedooyinkooda ballaarinta, iyadoo Boqor Cismaan uu doonayay inuu isticmaalo taageerada Talyaaniga ee loolankiisa awoodeed ee socday ee uu la lahaa Kenadid ee ku saabsan Sultanadkii Majeerteen. Boqor Cismaan iyo Suldaan Kenadid waxay sidoo kale rajaynayeen inay ka faa'iideystaan danaha is khilaafsan ee qumooyinka imperialista Yurub ee markaas doonayay inay xakameyaan gacanka Soomaaliya, si looga fogaado qabsashada tooska ah ee dhulkooda xoog.<ref name="Majsult">Sultanadaha Majeerteen{{full citation needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> Xiriirka ka dhexeeyay Sultanadkii Hobyo iyo Talyaanigu wuxuu xumaaday markii Suldaan Kenadid uu diiday soo jeedintii Talyaanigu ee ahayd in loo oggolaado ciidamo [[British Somaliland|Ingiriis]] ah inay ka degaan Sultanadkiisa si ay u sii wadaan dagaalkoodii ka dhanka ahaa ciidamadii [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]] ee [[Dervish state|Darawiish]].<ref name="Majsult"/> Iyadoo loo arkayay inuu yahay khatar weyn Talyaanigu, Suldaan Kenadid waxaa dambe loogu masaafuriyay [[Aden]] ee Yaman kadibna [[Eritrea]], sida uu ahaa wiilkiisa [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid|Ali Yusuf]], dhaxalsugaha carshigiisa.<ref name="Sheik-ʻAbdi129">{{cite book |last=Sheik-ʻAbdi |first=ʻAbdi ʻAbdulqadir |title=Divine madness: Moḥammed ʻAbdulle Ḥassan (1856-1920) |publisher=Zed Books |year=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOhyAAAAMAAJ |isbn=0-86232-444-0 |page=129}}</ref> [[Osman Yusuf Kenadid]], wiilkii Suldaankii ugu horreeyay Yusuf Ali Kenadid, wuxuu ahaa gabyaa iyo aqoonyahan caan ah. Osman Yusuf Kenadid wuxuu ahaa abuuraha farta ugu horreysa ee phonetically standard ah ee af Soomaaliga 1920-meeyadii, Farta [[Osmanya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://puntite.com/2017/08/yasin-osman-kenadid/|title=Yasin Osman Kenadid |date=1 August 2017|website=puntite.com|access-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051532/https://puntite.com/2017/08/yasin-osman-kenadid/|archive-date=31 December 2017}}</ref> Ka dib laba sano oo iska caabin ah oo ay sameeyeen Boqor Cismaan iyo kacaanka Majeerteen, Talyaaniga Somaliland wuxuu hoos yimid maamulka buuxa ee Rooma dhammaadkii 1927. [[Naval gunfire support|Duqaynta xeebaha]] ee muddada dheer socotay ee magaalooyinka iyo [[Blockade|go'doominta badda]] waxaa adeegsaday ciidamada gumeysiga si ay u cabburiyaan fallaagada.{{Sfn|Carpanelli|Scovazzi|2020|p.16}} ==Qaybaha== *Taargooye, oo ah qayb maamul oo Darawiish ah oo gaar u ah Majeerteen lana burburiyay 1910 markii xubnihii ka koobnaa ay noqdeen kuwo caasi ah<ref name="samatar">{{cite book |last1=Samatar |first1=Said |title=Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism |url=https://archive.org/details/oralpoetrysomali00sama |url-access=limited |date=1982 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oralpoetrysomali00sama/page/n227 214] |isbn=9780511735370 |quote='Abdalla Qoriyow, the prestigious Islamic magistrate of the Dervish capital, who took part in the conspiracy. 108 Ahmad Fiqi, also a conspirator, was the Dervish expert on Qur'anic exegesis. 109 Reference to the Sayyid's brother-in-law, Faarah Mahamuud Sugulle, whose involvement in the conspiracy was particularly bad news for the Sayyid ... After a week of intense fighting, the Sayyid emerged victorious, but not before several Dervish clans, like the Reer Samatar Khalaf Majeerteen, were decimated}}</ref> *The ''[[Somali Salvation Democratic Front]]'' (SSDF) wuxuu ahaa koox siyaasadeed oo inta badan Majeerteen ah laga soo bilaabo 1980-meeyadii ilaa 1990-meeyadii == Dadka Caanka ah == ===Qoyska Boqortooyada=== * [[Ali Yusuf Kenadid]], suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee [[Sultanate of Hobyo]] * [[Osman Mahamuud]], boqorkii [[Majeerteen Sultanate]] * [[Yusuf Ali Kenadid]], aasaasaha Sultanadkii Hobyo ===Militariga=== * [[Abdullahi Ahmed Irro]], jeneraal Soomaaliyeed, aas aasay Akademiyada Qaranka ee Istaraatiijiyadda * [[Abshir Abdi Jama]], taliyihii hore ee ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland laga bilaabo 2022 ilaa 2023 * [[Asad Osman Abdullahi]], Taliyaha Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed * [[Jama Ali Jama]], gashaanle ka tirsan Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya iyo madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland * [[Khalif Isse Mudan]], wasiirkii hore ee Amniga Puntland iyo Taliyaha Garabka Tababarka SAF * [[Mohamed Abshir Muse]], taliyihii ugu horreeyay ee Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed * [[Mohamed Osman Irro]], Gashaanle ka tirsan Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed * [[Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan]], Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga (9 Sebtembar 1990 – 26 Janaayo 1991) ===Ganacsatada & Aqoonyahannada=== * [[Ali A. Abdi]], cilmi-nafsiga bulshada, borofisar ku takhasusay waxbarashada iyo horumarinta caalamiga ah ee Jaamacadda British Columbia. * [[Ali Haji Warsame]], ganacsade, madaxii hore ee Golis Telecom Somalia * [[Iman (model)|Iman]], moodel fashion ah oo caan ah oo Maraykan ah oo Soomaali ah, jilaa, ganacsade iyo samafal, carmalka muusikiistaha dhagaxa Ingiriiska David Bowie * [[Maxamed Daahir Afrax|Maxamed Daahir Afrah]], qoraa, riwaayad qoraa, saxaafi iyo aqoonyahan * [[Mohammed Awale Liban]], naqshadeeyay Calanka Soomaaliya * [[Omar A. Ali]], ganacsade, xisaabiye, la-taliye maaliyadeed, samafale, iyo khabiir ku takhasusay maaliyadda Islaamka * [[Shire Haji Farah]], ganacsade, iyo xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Fulinta ee Golaha Ganacsiga Soomaaliya * [[Yaasiin Cismaan Keenadiid|Yaasiin Cismaan Kenadid]], luqad-yaqaanka dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed * [[Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke]], hoggaamiye iyo aasaasaha Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYL) * [[Osman Yusuf Kenadid]], abuuraha farta qorista ee Osmanya ===Siyaasiyiinta=== * [[Abdirashid Shermarke]], raiisul wasaaraha ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliya, madaxweynihii labaad ee Soomaaliya (1967-1969) * [[Abdirizak Haji Hussein]], raiisul wasaaraha hore ee Soomaaliya (1964-1967), iyo xoghayihii hore ee ururka dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed * [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]], madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, madaxweynihii Puntland iyo aasaasaha Jabhadda Badbaadada Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SSDF) * [[Abdirahman Farole]], madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland iyo senator ka tirsan Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya * [[Abdi Farah|Abdi Farah Said]], wasiirkii hore ee Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Federaalka Soomaaliya, wasiirka arrimaha gudaha ee hadda ee Puntland * [[Abshir Omar Huruse]], wasiirka arrimaha dibadda ee hadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Abdisaid Muse Ali]], wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Abdulqawi Yusuf]], qareen iyo garsoore ka tirsan Maxkamadda Adduunka ee Caddaaladda (ICJ) * [[Abdirahman Farole|Abdirahman Mohamed Farole]], madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland * [[Abdiweli Mohamed Ali]], raiisul wasaaraha hore ee Soomaaliya, iyo madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland * [[Ahmed Isse Awad]], wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Ali Abdi Aware]], wasiirkii hore ee dowladda Puntland * [[Asha Gelle Dirie]], wasiirkii hore ee Puntland; aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ee TAG Foundation * [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]], siyaasiga Holland, xubintii ugu horreysay ee baarlamaanka ee ka soo jeeda Soomaaliya ee waddan Yurub ah, qoraa iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe siyaasadeed * [[Farah Ali Jama]], wasiirkii hore ee maaliyadda Puntland * [[Haji Bashir|Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf]], madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Golaha Qaranka Soomaaliya (Baarlamaanka), wasiirkii hore ee caafimaadka iyo shaqada Soomaaliya * [[Hassan Abshir Farah]], duqii hore ee Muqdisho, safiirka Soomaaliya u fadhiyay Japan iyo dambe Jarmalka, wasiirka arrimaha gudaha ee Puntland * [[Hassan Ali Mire]], wasiirkii ugu horreeyay ee waxbarashada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya, guddoomiyihii hore ee SSDF * [[Hirsi Magan Isse]], aqoonyahan iyo hoggaamiye kacaan ah oo ka tirsan Jabhadda Badbaadada Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed * [[Ilhan Omar]], siyaasiga Mareykanka ee Soomaalida, xubin ka tirsan Aqalka Wakiilada Mareykanka ee degmada 5aad ee Minnesota ilaa 2019 * [[Mire Hagi Farah Mohamed]], wasiirkii hore ee maaliyadda Soomaaliya, iyo duqii hore ee magaalada Kismaayo * [[Mohamed Abdi Aware]], garsooraha Puntland iyo xubin ka tirsan Golaha Sare ee Garsoorka Puntland * [[Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan]], seedigii Siad Barre iyo wasiirkii gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Abdirizak Mohamud]], wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamud Muse Hersi]], madaxweynihii saddexaad ee Puntland * [[Said Abdullahi Dani]], wasiirkii hore ee qorsheynta Soomaaliya, madaxweynaha hadda ee Puntland * [[Saida Haji Bashir Ismail]], wasiir ku xigeenkii hore ee maaliyadda Soomaaliya ee Dowladdii KMG ahayd (2000-2004) * [[Sultanate of Hobyo#Omar Samatar's Rebellion|Omar Samatar]], wuxuu la dagaalamay gumeysigii Talyaaniga ee Hobyo ka dib markii uu is dhiibay Suldaankii Hobyo * [[Omar Sharmarke]], raiisul wasaaraha hore ee Soomaaliya iyo wiilka Abdirashid Shermarke * [[Yusuf Mohamed Ismail]], safiirkii hore ee Soomaaliya u fadhiyay Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Geneva * [[Yusuf Osman Samatar]], siyaasi ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Buug qoraal == * {{Cite book |last1=Carpanelli |first1=Elena |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1150848404 |title=Political and legal aspects of Italian colonialism in Somalia |last2=Scovazzi |first2=Tullio |publisher=G. Giappichelli editore |year=2020 |isbn=978-88-921-8346-9 |oclc=1150848404}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024446/http://www.mudugonline.com/MajertainSaltanates/Sultanate.htm Sultanadaha Majeerteen]}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} [[Category:Daarood]] [[Category:Qabaa'ilada Soomaaliya]] f7kffc9aujknhp3hdux55jekws7kvt7 Midowga Soomaaliweyn 0 20878 312252 296902 2026-11-11T05:26:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xisbiga Midowga Soomaaliweyn''' ({{lang-en|Greater Somalia League}}, (GSL)) wuxuu ahaa [[xisbi siyaasad]]eed ka shaqayn jiray wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. ==Taariikh== Xisbiga Midowga Soomaaliweyn wuxuu ka samaysmay hadhaagii [[SYL|Xisbigii SYL]]; waxaa hogaan u ahaa Xaaji Maxamed Xuseen.<ref>http://countrystudies.us/somalia/14.htm</ref> ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] 12639ci0y60se26m8apps3wlen1uvgv Xisbiga SANU 0 20879 312289 296913 2026-11-11T09:40:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party |country = |name = Xisbiga SANU</br>Somali African National Union |native_name = الاتحاد الافريقي الوطني الصومالي |logo = [[File:Somaliafricannationalunion.png|200px]] |leader = |leader1_title = Madaxweyne |leader1_name = |chairman = |secretary_general = |foundation = |dissolution = |headquarters = [[Banaadir]] |ideology = [[Soomaaliweyn]] |position = Midig-dhexe |international = |european = |europarl = |colours = |website = |colorcode = |seats1_title = |seats1 = |seats2_title = |seats2 = |seats3_title = |seats3 = |seats4_title = |seats4 = |seats5_title = |seats5 = |seats6_title = |seats6 = |seats7_title = |seats7 = }} '''Xisbiga SANU''' ({{lang-en|Somali African National Union}} (SANU); {{lang-ar|الاتحاد الافريقي الوطني الصومالي}})<ref>{{cite web|title=Somali African National Union |url=http://www.markacadeey.com/images/sanu_emblame.jpg |publisher=Markacadeey |accessdate=26 September 2013 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320145925/http://www.markacadeey.com/images/sanu_emblame.jpg |archivedate=March 20, 2012 }}</ref> wuxuu ahaa [[xisbi siyaasad]]eed ka howlgali jirey wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. Xisbigani wuxuu matali jirey dadka ku dhaqan xeebta gobolka [[Banaadir]].<ref>Jama, Hassan Ali. ''Who Cares About Somalia: Hassan's Ordeal ; Reflections on a Nation's Future''. [[Berlin]]: Schiler, 2005. p. 131</ref> ==Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasada== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] *[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Youth League] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] oee0rnqclwyvnsj1kxsg5h34zeueb8l Hedo Türkoğlu 0 21040 312172 272098 2026-11-10T19:37:13Z Zafer 10671 Photo changed 312172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox basketball biography |name = Hidayet Türkoğlu |image = Hidayet Türkoğlu 20261109 (2) (cropped).jpg |caption = Türkoğlu in 2026. |height_ft = 6 |height_in = 10 |weight_lb = 220 |position = |league = |team = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1979|3|19}} |birth_place = [[Istanbul]], Turkey |nationality = Turkish |draft_year = 2000 |draft_round = 1 |draft_pick = 16 |draft_team = [[Sacramento Kings]] |career_start = 1996 |career_end = 2015 |career_position = [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]] |career_number = 5, 14, 15, 26, 19, 8 |years1 =1996–2000 | team1 = [[Anadolu Efes S.K.|Efes Pilsen]] |years2 ={{nbay|2000|start}}–{{nbay|2002|end}} | team2 = [[Sacramento Kings]] |years3 ={{nbay|2003|full=y}} | team3 = [[San Antonio Spurs]] |years4 ={{nbay|2004|start}}–{{nbay|2008|end}} | team4 = [[Orlando Magic]] |years5 ={{nbay|2009|full=y}} | team5 = [[Toronto Raptors]] |years6 ={{nbay|2010|start}} | team6 = [[Phoenix Suns]] |years7 ={{nbay|2010|start}}–{{nbay|2013|end}} | team7 = Orlando Magic |years8 ={{nbay|2013|end}}–{{nbay|2014|end}} | team8 = [[Los Angeles Clippers]] |highlights = * [[NBA Most Improved Player Award|NBA Most Improved Player]] ({{nbay|2007|end}}) * [[NBA All-Rookie Second Team]] ({{nbay|2000|end}}) |stat1label=[[Point (basketball)|Points]] |stat1value=11,022 (11.1 ppg) |stat2label=[[Rebound (basketball)|Rebounds]] |stat2value=3,971 (5.4 rpg) |stat3label=[[Assist (basketball)|Assists]] |stat3value=2,832 (2.8 apg) |profile = hidayet_turkoglu |bbr = turkohe01 |medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{TUR}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[EuroBasket|FIBA European Championship]]}} {{MedalSilver| [[EuroBasket 2001|2001 Turkey]] | [[Turkey national basketball team|National team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIBA World Championship]]}} {{MedalSilver| [[2010 FIBA World Championship|2010 Turkey]] | [[Turkey national basketball team|National team]]}} }} '''Hidayet "Hedo" Türkoğlu''' ({{IPA-tr|hid̪aːˈjet̪ ˈt̪yɾkoːɫu}}; waxaa uu ku dhashay 19 Maarso, 1979 magaalada [[Istanbul]]) waa ciyaaryahan Kubadda-Kolayga oo caalami ah. Hedo waxaa uu u dhashay dalka Turkiga waxaa uuna ciyaaraha ka fadhiistay sanadku markuu ahaa 2015kii, wuxuu hore 15 xilli ciyaareed ugasoo dheelay Horyaalka Kubadda-Kolayga ee Wuqooyiga Ameeriko ee loo yaqaan NBA-da asagoo usoo saftay lix kooxood oo ka tirsan NBA-da. Hedo iminka waa Gudoomiyaha Xiriirka Kubadda-Kolayga ee dalka [[Turkiga]]. [[Category:Turki]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] 4ctvrmftmnev8d77kef5vjmluusifvi Dishiishe 0 21172 312173 303241 2026-11-10T19:46:09Z ~2026-59819-73 48242 /* */ 312173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Majeerteen Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *'''Harti''' (Saalax) wuxu dhalay; *1. Yusuf (BahMajerteen) *2. Siciid (Bahfaadumo) *3. Cabdiraxman (Bahfaadumo) *4. Guuleed (Bahfaadumo) *5. Liibaan (Bahfaadumo) *'''Yusuf Harti''' (Bahmajerteen) wuxu dhalay, *1. Maxamed Yusuf, o dhalay Aawe iyo Wabeeneye. *2. Maxamud Yusuf o dhalay Hinjiye iyo Kooye. *3. '''Axmad''' Yusuf, Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil, Ismaaciilna wuxu dhalay; #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo sii dhalay #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Meecaad) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )'''<br /> *Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan #'''Saciid Ismaaciil''' #'''Yoonis Ismaaciil''' #Maxamed Ismaaciil (Ugaar) *Ugaar Ismaaciil #'''Cabdalle Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *'''Cabdibaasid''' Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil oo ka farcameen # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan)''' # Ahmed Cartan ('''Ahmed Cartan''') # '''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 10 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Xaaji-Jibriil''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) hu103l1skwsuk06yuesh48lzk7txawq 312175 312173 2026-11-10T19:52:16Z ~2026-59819-73 48242 /* Abtirsi */ 312175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Majeerteen Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *'''Harti''' (Saalax) wuxu u kala baxa: *Majerteen (Maxamed Majerten, Maxamud Majerten iyo Axmed Majerten) *Timacad (Siciid Timacad, C/raxman Timacad, Guled Timacad iyo Liibaan Timacad). *'''Axmad Majerteen Harti''', Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil, Ismaaciilna wuxu dhalay; #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo sii dhalay #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Meecaad) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )'''<br /> *Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan #'''Saciid Ismaaciil''' #'''Yoonis Ismaaciil''' #Maxamed Ismaaciil (Ugaar) *Ugaar Ismaaciil #'''Cabdalle Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *'''Cabdibaasid''' Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil oo ka farcameen # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan)''' # Ahmed Cartan ('''Ahmed Cartan''') # '''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 10 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Cartan''' # '''Rer Macawiye''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) tqhzzhih6k7sfawkzf3g3zqgapqmm5v 312178 312175 2026-11-10T19:58:32Z ~2026-59819-73 48242 /* Abtirsi */ 312178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Majeerteen Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *'''Harti''' (Saalax) wuxu u kala baxa: *Majerteen (Maxamed Majerten, Maxamud Majerten iyo Axmed Majerten) *Timacad (Siciid Timacad, C/raxman Timacad, Guled Timacad iyo Liibaan Timacad). *'''Axmad Majerteen Harti''', Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil, Ismaaciilna wuxu dhalay; #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo sii dhalay #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Ugaar) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )'''<br /> *'''Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Ugaar)''' #'''Saciid Ugaar''' #'''Yoonis Ugaar''' #'''Maxamed Ugaar''' *Maxamed Ugaar #'''Cabdalle Maxamed Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Maxamed Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Maxamed Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Maxamed Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Maxamed Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *'''Cabdibaasid''' '''Maxamed Ugaar''' wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil wuxu dhalay: # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan''' #'''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 11 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Cartan''' # '''Rer Macawiye''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) kynxgs8zfgiv8boc2tdndjtx6yasmhp 312179 312178 2026-11-10T20:11:44Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badaladii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59819-73|~2026-59819-73]] ([[User talk:~2026-59819-73|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:~2026-41387-19|~2026-41387-19]] 303241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *'''Harti''' (Saalax) wuxu dhalay; *1. Yusuf (BahMajerteen) *2. Siciid (Bahfaadumo) *3. Cabdiraxman (Bahfaadumo) *4. Guuleed (Bahfaadumo) *5. Liibaan (Bahfaadumo) *'''Yusuf Harti''' (Bahmajerteen) wuxu dhalay, *1. Maxamed Yusuf, o dhalay Aawe iyo Wabeeneye. *2. Maxamud Yusuf o dhalay Hinjiye iyo Kooye. *3. '''Axmad''' Yusuf, Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil, Ismaaciilna wuxu dhalay; #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo sii dhalay #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Meecaad) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )'''<br /> *Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan #'''Saciid Ismaaciil''' #'''Yoonis Ismaaciil''' #Maxamed Ismaaciil (Ugaar) *Ugaar Ismaaciil #'''Cabdalle Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *'''Cabdibaasid''' Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil oo ka farcameen # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan)''' # Ahmed Cartan ('''Ahmed Cartan''') # '''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 10 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Xaaji-Jibriil''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) pp9sh68v68ffowhwqy1tagocok6z5pi 312180 312179 2026-11-10T20:13:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* Abtirsi */ Sixid 312180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== {{tree list}} **Maxamed ("Kablalah") ***Cabdi ("Koombe") ****Saalax ("Harti") *****Axmed Harti (''Mooracase'') ******Ismaaciil Axmed *******Waylood/Waceys Ismaaciil (''Tiinle'') *******Nuur Ismaaciil (''Maganlabe'') *******Cabdalle Ismaaciil (''Gabtanle'') *******Maxamuud Ismaaciil ('''''Dishiishe''''') ********Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud (''Miyirwaaq'') ********Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan (''Makadoor'') *********Isxaaq Cabdalle (''Reer Boqor'') *********Cabdirashiid/Cabdiraxiim/Cabdikariim Cabdalle **********Cali Cabdikariim (''Reer Sakariye'') **********Maxamuud Cabdikariim ********Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan *********Yuunis Ismaaciil *********Saacid Ismaaciil *********Ugaar Ismaaciil **********Cabdalle Ugaar **********Jibriil Ugaar (''Reer Xaaji'') ***********Mucaawiye Jibriil ***********Cusmaan Jibriil ************Maxamed Ciise C. (''Reer Maxamed Ciise'') ************Faahiye Saalax C. (''Reer Faahiye'') ************Rooble Cusmaan *************Gobdoon Rooble *************Isxaaq Rooble *************Saalax Rooble *************Maxamuud Rooble **************Maxamed Maxamuud **************Muuse Maxamuud ("Reer Muuse") **********Cabdikariim Ugaar (''Bah Wadaag'') ***********Isxaaq Cabdikariim ************Axmed Isxaaq (''Reer Ugaas'') ************Suleeymaan/Saleebaan Isxaaq ************Maxamed Isxaaq {{tree list/end}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) pt9j7g3lvudl1lktkdgekf8mmlgf6i1 312181 312180 2026-11-10T20:14:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Xiriiriye 312181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Dhulbahante]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== {{tree list}} **Maxamed ("Kablalah") ***Cabdi ("Koombe") ****Saalax ("Harti") *****Axmed Harti (''Mooracase'') ******Ismaaciil Axmed *******Waylood/Waceys Ismaaciil (''Tiinle'') *******Nuur Ismaaciil (''Maganlabe'') *******Cabdalle Ismaaciil (''Gabtanle'') *******Maxamuud Ismaaciil ('''''Dishiishe''''') ********Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud (''Miyirwaaq'') ********Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan (''Makadoor'') *********Isxaaq Cabdalle (''Reer Boqor'') *********Cabdirashiid/Cabdiraxiim/Cabdikariim Cabdalle **********Cali Cabdikariim (''Reer Sakariye'') **********Maxamuud Cabdikariim ********Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan *********Yuunis Ismaaciil *********Saacid Ismaaciil *********Ugaar Ismaaciil **********Cabdalle Ugaar **********Jibriil Ugaar (''Reer Xaaji'') ***********Mucaawiye Jibriil ***********Cusmaan Jibriil ************Maxamed Ciise C. (''Reer Maxamed Ciise'') ************Faahiye Saalax C. (''Reer Faahiye'') ************Rooble Cusmaan *************Gobdoon Rooble *************Isxaaq Rooble *************Saalax Rooble *************Maxamuud Rooble **************Maxamed Maxamuud **************Muuse Maxamuud ("Reer Muuse") **********Cabdikariim Ugaar (''Bah Wadaag'') ***********Isxaaq Cabdikariim ************Axmed Isxaaq (''Reer Ugaas'') ************Suleeymaan/Saleebaan Isxaaq ************Maxamed Isxaaq {{tree list/end}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) 2laob1c0xgyek33316uvc7y1vj5ala6 312182 312181 2026-11-10T20:15:16Z Isma4l 41797 312182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Dhulbahante]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Dhulbahante]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== {{tree list}} **Maxamed ("Kablalah") ***Cabdi ("Koombe") ****Saalax ("Harti") *****Axmed Harti (''Mooracase'') ******Ismaaciil Axmed *******Waylood/Waceys Ismaaciil (''Tiinle'') *******Nuur Ismaaciil (''Maganlabe'') *******Cabdalle Ismaaciil (''Gabtanle'') *******Maxamuud Ismaaciil ('''''Dishiishe''''') ********Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud (''Miyirwaaq'') ********Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan (''Makadoor'') *********Isxaaq Cabdalle (''Reer Boqor'') *********Cabdirashiid/Cabdiraxiim/Cabdikariim Cabdalle **********Cali Cabdikariim (''Reer Sakariye'') **********Maxamuud Cabdikariim ********Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan *********Yuunis Ismaaciil *********Saacid Ismaaciil *********Ugaar Ismaaciil **********Cabdalle Ugaar **********Jibriil Ugaar (''Reer Xaaji'') ***********Mucaawiye Jibriil ***********Cusmaan Jibriil ************Maxamed Ciise C. (''Reer Maxamed Ciise'') ************Faahiye Saalax C. (''Reer Faahiye'') ************Rooble Cusmaan *************Gobdoon Rooble *************Isxaaq Rooble *************Saalax Rooble *************Maxamuud Rooble **************Maxamed Maxamuud **************Muuse Maxamuud ("Reer Muuse") **********Cabdikariim Ugaar (''Bah Wadaag'') ***********Isxaaq Cabdikariim ************Axmed Isxaaq (''Reer Ugaas'') ************Suleeymaan/Saleebaan Isxaaq ************Maxamed Isxaaq {{tree list/end}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) 5u7ds0jvy6khw4ro58exhilujp87ja9 312183 312182 2026-11-10T20:15:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* Tixraac */ 312183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Dhulbahante]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Dhulbahante]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== {{tree list}} **Maxamed ("Kablalah") ***Cabdi ("Koombe") ****Saalax ("Harti") *****Axmed Harti (''Mooracase'') ******Ismaaciil Axmed *******Waylood/Waceys Ismaaciil (''Tiinle'') *******Nuur Ismaaciil (''Maganlabe'') *******Cabdalle Ismaaciil (''Gabtanle'') *******Maxamuud Ismaaciil ('''''Dishiishe''''') ********Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud (''Miyirwaaq'') ********Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan (''Makadoor'') *********Isxaaq Cabdalle (''Reer Boqor'') *********Cabdirashiid/Cabdiraxiim/Cabdikariim Cabdalle **********Cali Cabdikariim (''Reer Sakariye'') **********Maxamuud Cabdikariim ********Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan *********Yuunis Ismaaciil *********Saacid Ismaaciil *********Ugaar Ismaaciil **********Cabdalle Ugaar **********Jibriil Ugaar (''Reer Xaaji'') ***********Mucaawiye Jibriil ***********Cusmaan Jibriil ************Maxamed Ciise C. (''Reer Maxamed Ciise'') ************Faahiye Saalax C. (''Reer Faahiye'') ************Rooble Cusmaan *************Gobdoon Rooble *************Isxaaq Rooble *************Saalax Rooble *************Maxamuud Rooble **************Maxamed Maxamuud **************Muuse Maxamuud ("Reer Muuse") **********Cabdikariim Ugaar (''Bah Wadaag'') ***********Isxaaq Cabdikariim ************Axmed Isxaaq (''Reer Ugaas'') ************Suleeymaan/Saleebaan Isxaaq ************Maxamed Isxaaq {{tree list/end}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] 2s3gmznsti6454jzwogsbavkvvsfkua 312184 312183 2026-11-10T20:16:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* Tixraac */ 312184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Dhulbahante]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Dhulbahante]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== {{tree list}} **Maxamed ("Kablalah") ***Cabdi ("Koombe") ****Saalax ("Harti") *****Axmed Harti (''Mooracase'') ******Ismaaciil Axmed *******Waylood/Waceys Ismaaciil (''Tiinle'') *******Nuur Ismaaciil (''Maganlabe'') *******Cabdalle Ismaaciil (''Gabtanle'') *******Maxamuud Ismaaciil ('''''Dishiishe''''') ********Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud (''Miyirwaaq'') ********Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan (''Makadoor'') *********Isxaaq Cabdalle (''Reer Boqor'') *********Cabdirashiid/Cabdiraxiim/Cabdikariim Cabdalle **********Cali Cabdikariim (''Reer Sakariye'') **********Maxamuud Cabdikariim ********Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan *********Yuunis Ismaaciil *********Saacid Ismaaciil *********Ugaar Ismaaciil **********Cabdalle Ugaar **********Jibriil Ugaar (''Reer Xaaji'') ***********Mucaawiye Jibriil ***********Cusmaan Jibriil ************Maxamed Ciise C. (''Reer Maxamed Ciise'') ************Faahiye Saalax C. (''Reer Faahiye'') ************Rooble Cusmaan *************Gobdoon Rooble *************Isxaaq Rooble *************Saalax Rooble *************Maxamuud Rooble **************Maxamed Maxamuud **************Muuse Maxamuud ("Reer Muuse") **********Cabdikariim Ugaar (''Bah Wadaag'') ***********Isxaaq Cabdikariim ************Axmed Isxaaq (''Reer Ugaas'') ************Suleeymaan/Saleebaan Isxaaq ************Maxamed Isxaaq {{tree list/end}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</ref> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Darod}} pd9andvljly4qpt21dggmre4shhd1w6 Xisaabaadka Qaranka 0 21254 312284 295192 2026-11-11T09:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xisaabaadka Qaranka''' ama '''Hababka Xisaabaadka Qaranka''' ('''NAS''') waa fulinta farsamooyin xisaabeed dhammeystiran oo joogta ah si loo qiyaaso dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha dal. Habkaas waxaa soo hoos galaya tallaabooyin aasaasi ah ee kala dhigdhigan kaa soo ku tiirsan [[Galid labajibbaaran]]. Dhanka qaabeynta noocaan oo kale howlaha xisaabaadka in lagu sameeyo kulliyadaha dhammaan dhinacyada qaab siman dhan kasta haba qiyaasee astaamo kala duwan, tusaale ahaan soo saarista iyo soo celiska waxa ka soo xarooda. Qaabkaan oo ah [[Tabaha|tab]] waxaa loogu yeeray qodobka ereybixin '''Xisaabaadka Qaranka''' ama si guud '''Isla-xisaabtanka bulshada'''.<ref name="Ruggles">Nancy D. Ruggles, 1987. "social accounting," ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 4, pp. 377–82.</ref> Waxaa arrinkaasi mi khilaafas sheegaya, xisaabaadka qaranka u uu yahay ''habab'' suurtagal ah in ay ka duwanaato caddeymaha dhaqaalaha ku xiran tababka.<ref>[[Qaramada Midoobay]], [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna.asp The System of National Accounts] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/data.asp National Accounts Data].</ref> Natiijooyinka lawada wadaago in badan oo mabaadi'da guud xisaabaadka ganacsiga, waxaa laga qaataa xisaabaadka qaranka aragtiyada dhaqaalaha.<ref>Joel S. Demski, 2008. "accounting and economics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_A000019&edition=current&q=national%20accounting&topicid=&result_number=10 Abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_A000019&edition=current&q=national%20accounting&topicid=&result_number=10 |date=20160304080654 }}</ref> Waxay ka dhigantahay [[Taxane xisaabaadka bulshada]] waa mid ka mid ah isku dhiska fahanka taasoo ka dhigan burqanka macaamilka dhaqaaleed ee uu sameeyo dhaqaale uun lana sameeyo xisaab dhammaan galinta safka tiirakeeda.<ref>Graham Pyatt and Jeffery I. Round, ed., 1985. ''Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning'', World Bank.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} [https://l10muhasebe.com/on-muhasebe-programi ön muhasebe programı] {{Wayback|url=https://l10muhasebe.com/on-muhasebe-programi |date=20230722094737 }} [[Category:Tirakoobyo rasmi ah]] ebh2ifx4lpxkmrk31037fegjbtbtim3 Bookh 0 29747 312265 310694 2026-11-11T07:41:06Z ~2026-59795-19 48249 waxan ku darey qabiil dagan degaanka oo laga tagay 312265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bookh''' waa degmo ku ku taalo gobolka [[Doollo]] ee dalka [[Itoobiya]].magaladaan waa magaalo qadiimi ah, waxaana dega beelaha daarood gaar ahaan [[majeerteen]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beesha <u>[[madhibaan]]</u><ref>horogle</ref> bookh waxaa aas aasay nin la oran jirey cabdi cawad oo ahaa beesha madhibaan, inkasta oo ay maanta ku yaryihiin lkn taariikhda bookh lixaad weyn bay ku leeyihiin. Tuulooyinka u dhow degmada Bookh waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Docmo]] *Marqaan wayne *Qaawane *Jiracle *Maaneed *Gaxandhale *[[Gumburka Cagaare|dameerjo]] *Darowda *jarmalo *gambaray *goob *mirrafadle *balicad Santarka marqaan {{gumud}} [[category:Doollo]] Qabiil ahaan waxaa daga Reer khalaf iyo Yonis Omar, . jtb9e6tto80egt9qznlwzhndv4adub8 Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland 0 30838 312244 296897 2026-11-11T04:39:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siyaasadda Somaliland}} Jamhuuriyada [[Somaliland]] waxaa ka jira nidaam [[Xisbi siyaasad|xisbi siyaasad badan]] kuwaasi oo utartama xilka dowlada. Sida ku xusan [[Dastuurka Somaliland|sharciga dastuurka]] Somaliland ka jira sadex xisbi siyaasad kaliya.<ref>''Somaliland's constitution limits the number of political parties to three.''</ref> [[File:Somaliland_Kulmiye_party_elections.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] ==Xisbiyada== *[[Xisbiga Kulmiye]] (''Kulmiye Nabad, Midnimo iyo horumar''), xisbiga wadanka ka taliya maanta 2020 kaasi oo hogaamiyo [[Muuse Biixi Cabdi]]. *[[Xisbiga UCID]] (''Ururka Caddaalada iyo Daryeelka''). Waxaa xisbigan hogaamiya [[Faysal Cali Waraabe]]. *[[Xisbiga Wadani]] (''Wadani'') kaasi oo hogaamiyo [[Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdulaahi]] (Cabdiraxmaan Cirro). ==Hordhac== Tan iyo wakhtigii dadka [[Soomaali]]du qaateen xoriyada waxaa jiray xisbiyo siyaasadeed. Sanadkii 1969kii ayaa waxaa talada wadanka la wareegay [[Golahi Sare Kacaanka Soomaaliya|Golaha Sare Kacaanka]] (SRC) kuwaasi oo dhowr nooc oo xisbiyo ah soo bandhigay; sida [[Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed|Xisbigii Kacaanka Hantiwadaaga]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa wadanka Soomaaliya ugu horeeyay [[Xisbiga SYL]], kuwaasi oo ahaa xisbigii la dagaalamay gumaystihii wadanka.<ref>{{citation|last= Metz|first = Helen C. (ed.)|chapter=Coup d'Etat|title=''Somalia: A Country Study''|year=1992|chapter-url= http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+so0031)|publisher= [[Library of Congress]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|accessdate= October 21, 2009}}.</ref> Markii [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre|Jaale Siyaad Barre]] la wareegay talada wadanka, waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaan xisbiyadii bulshada ee madaxa banaanaa, wakhtigaasi oo wadanka Soomaaliya iskubedelay nidaamka shuuciyada<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, [http://books.google.com/books?id=lgMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA279 ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy''], (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p. 279 ISBN 0-7099-2709-6.</ref> ee laga keenay wadanka [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Ka dib, markii uu dhacay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|dagaalkii sokeeye ee wadanka]] sanadkii 1991kii ayaa waxaa meesha ka baxday dhamaanba nidaamkii dowladnimo ee wadanka Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|accessdate=2011-10-05|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalo badan oo dawlad dhisid ah ka dib waxaa Soomaaliya dib uga soo noolaaday nidaamka xisbiyada kuwaasi oo ilaa maanta daciif ah.<ref>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==C/Qaasim== Salaad Xasan *[[Xisbiga UDUB]] ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] *[[Taariikhda Somaliland]] *[[Xisbi]]yo ==Maqaalo kale== *[http://www.kulmiye.org Xisbiga KULMIYE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kulmiye.org/ |date=20181018043944 }} * [http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html Somali Political Parties] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mudulood.com/PageMudSYL.html |date=20110929003526 }} * [http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html Elections in Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/so.html |date=20250211174838 }} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland}} {{Template:Maqaalo Somaliland|state=expanded}} [[Category:Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Siyaasadda]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Somaliland]] [[Category:Xisbiyada Somaliland]] c7a5lga21ql4z5ct91014pb48rn1iha Haber Awal 0 32041 312231 311780 2026-11-11T02:50:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Habar Awal | type = [[Isaaq|Beesha Isaaq]] | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | location = [[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Kenya]] | descended = [[Isxaaq bin Axmed]] | parent_tribe = [[Isaaq|Isaaq]] | branches = Ciise Muuse:<br /> *Abokor Ciise *Aadan Ciise *Idris Ciise *Maxamed Ciise Sacad Muuse:<br /> *Cabdixmaan Sacad *Cabdalle Sacad *Xasan Sacad *Isxaaq Sacad | language = [[Somali language|Soomaali]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | image = Sultan Abdulrahman Deria.png | caption = Suldaankii Habar Awal Suldaan [[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabdiraxmaan Suldaan Diiriye]] oo jooga London 1955 si uu u codsado Deegaanka Xood ee la xannibay }} '''Habar Awal''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Subeyr Awal''' ama {{langx|so|Habar Awal}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |access-date=15 June 2016|author-link=Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah qoys-beeleedyada ugu waaweyn beel-weynta [[Isaaq]], waxayna sii kala tirsan tahay siddeed hoos-qaybood oo ah kuwa ugu waaweyn uguna caansan [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]] iyo [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]]. Xubnaheedu waxay qayb ka yihiin isbahaysiga Habar Magadle. Habar Awal dhaqan ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xoolo-dhaqato [[Nomadic pastoralism|reer guuraa ah]], dad [[coastal|xeebaha degan]], [[merchants|ganacsato]] iyo [[farmers|beeraley]]. Waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkaa inay yihiin qabiil hodan ku ah geeska Afrika oo door weliba ka qaatay xornimada Somaliland.<ref name="Habar Awal richest Somali clan">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StAUAQAAIAAJ&q=Habar+Awal+richest+somali+tribe |title = Historical dictionary of Somalia|isbn = 9780810808300|last1 = Castagno|first1 = Margaret|year = 1975| publisher=Scarecrow Press }}</ref> Habar Awal waa kuwo siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ahaan saameyn ku leh [[Somaliland]] iyo guud ahaan [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]], waxayna degan yihiin dhulal xeebeed iyo kuwo beereed istiraatiiji ah.<ref name="Habar Awal dominates Somaliland">{{Cite web |url=http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |title=One clan domination is complete in Somaliland |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909092044/http://www.awdalpress.com/index/one-clan-domination-is-complete-in-somaliland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Habar Awal dominate Somaliland">{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&q=habar+awal+dominate+somaliland&pg=PA135 |title = Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions|isbn = 9789004222540|last1 = Renders|first1 = Marleen|date = 2012-01-20| publisher=BRILL }}</ref> ==Qaybinta== [[File:Habr Awal in Somaliland.png|thumb|Khariidadda [[Somaliland]] oo muujinaysa qaybinta beesha Habar Awal ee bartamaha iyo bariga Somaliland]] Beesha Habar Awal waxay inta badan ku tahay aqlabiyad gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] oo loo arko gobolka ugu dadka badan [[Somaliland]] iyo kan labaad ee ugu dadka badan Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ka dib degmada [[Banaadir]]. Waxay ka mid yihiin aqlabiyadda dadka ku nool caasimadda qaranka [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] hamigooduna si gaar ah ayuu u degaa magaalooyinka beeraha ee [[Gabiley]], [[Wajaale]], [[Arabsiyo]], iyo [[Kalabaydh]]. Habar Awal sidoo kale waxay ku badan yihiin gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]], gaar ahaan caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada dekedda weyn ee [[Berbera]], magaalada dalxiiska ee [[El-Sheikh|Sheikh Suuq], magaalada dekedda taariikhiga ah ee [[Bulhar]], magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Sheikh, Somalia|Sheekh]] iyo sidoo kale [[Daarbuduq]]. Beesha sidoo kale qayb ahaan waxay degtaa qaybta waqooyi ee magaalada caasimadda ah ee [[Burao|Burco]] ee gobolka [[Togdheer]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=John Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ&q=%22ainabo%22|title=A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484|date=1951|publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary|language=en}}</ref> Meel ka baxsan Somaliland, Habar Awal waxay sidoo kale deegaanno waaweyn ku leeyihiin [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], gaar ahaan [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]] halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin aqlabiyad magaalooyinka [[Harshin (woreda)|Xarshin]], [[Hart Sheik]], iyo [[Wajaale]] (Dhinaca Itoobiya). Waxay sidoo kale degaan oo xuduud la leeyihiin [[Kebri Beyah (woreda)|Geri Baay]] iyo [[Jijiga (woreda)|Jigjiga]] ee [[Fafan Zone|Gobolka Fafan]]. Waxay sidoo kale degmo ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Kenya]] halkaas oo looga yaqaano qayb ka mid ah bulshada Isaxaaqiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-s8tAQAAIAAJ&q=awal+settlement|title= Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63|last1= Omaar|first1= Rakiya|last2= Waal|first2= Alexander De|last3= McGrath|first3= Rae|last4= (Organization)|first4= African Rights|year= 1993}} |</ref> Ugu dambeyntii waxay joogitaan ballaaran ku leeyihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], iyagoo ka samaynaya boqolkiiba badan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] dhexdeedana taariikh ahaan waxay degeen Degmada 3-aad, oo ahayd mid ka mid ah 7-da degmo ee waaweyn ee Jabuuti.<ref name="Habar Awal territory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RESEARCH/3d5d0f3a4.pdf/|title = Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-bZiKh9FHkC&pg=PA284|title=Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles|last=Imbert-Vier|first=Simon|date=2011|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|isbn=9782811105068|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&q=habr+awal+live+in++awdal |title= I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy|isbn= 9780852552803|last1= Lewis|first1= I. M.|year= 1999|publisher= James Currey Publishers}}</ref> == Abtirsiimada == [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]] waa qof khuraafaad taariikhi ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |date=March 1962 |title=Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |page=45 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700002723 |issn=1469-5138 |quote=Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history...|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohamed Diriye |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia |date=2001-10-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-07329-8 |pages=64 |language=en |quote=Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9fAjtruUXjEC&pg=PA105 |title=Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society |date=1994 |publisher=The Red Sea Press |isbn=978-0-932415-93-6 |pages=105 |language=en |quote=[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Diop |first=Samba |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=8zyBAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition |last2=Diop |first2=Papa Samba |date=1995 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9031-4 |pages=170 |language=en |quote=Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"}}</ref> oo la sheego inuu yimid Geeska Afrika si uu Islaamka u faafiyo qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo Somaliland ku noolaa kuwaas oo uga tagay siddeed wiil, mid ka mid ahna uu ahaa Cabdiraxmaan (Awal). Faracyada siddeedaas wiil waxay ka kooban yihiin qoys-beeleedka Isaaq.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> Qabriga Subeyr Awal, oo ah awowgii asaasaha ahaa ee Habr Awal ee [[Isaaq]], wuxuu ku yaalaa [[Jidali]] ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] kaas oo u jira qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km dhanka bari ee qabrigii awowgiis Sheekh [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Isxaaq bin Axmed]], oo ah aabahii aasaasaha ahaa ee beesha [[Isaaq]], kaas oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Maydh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samiir |date=2014-08-03 |title=Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal |url=https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Geeska Afrika Newspaper |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104131232/https://geeska.net/culimo-ka-digtay-in-khilaaf-diineed-laga-abuuro-siyaaro-ay-ugu-tagayaan-qabriga-subeer-awal/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-23 |title=DAAWO; Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey |url=http://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=19418 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=WAJAALE NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay {{!}} Hubaal Media |url=https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106120001/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/akhriso-ururka-jiidali-oo-ceerigaabo-ku-wajahan-iyo-xukumadda-oo-ka-gaashaamatay/amp/ |archive-date=2021-11-06 |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=www.hubaalmedia.net}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== ===Xilligii Dhexe (Qabsashadii Xabashida)=== Taariikh ahaan, Habr Awal waxay qayb ka ahaayeen [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] waxaana lagu sheegay buugga caanka ah ee "[[Futuh al-Habasha]]" tabarucaadoodii waaweynaa ee [[Ethiopian-Adal war|dagaalkii Xabashida iyo Cadal]] iyagoo ah Habr Magaadle oo ay weheliyaan Habar Yoonis, Arab, Ayuub iyo Ciidagale oo ka soo horjeeday [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]], iyo sidoo kale soo saarista shakhsi taariikhi ah oo lagu magacaabo Axmed Gari bin Xuseen kaas oo ahaa gacanta midig ee [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo taliye ciidan oo ka tirsanaa ciidamada Habr Magaadle intii uu socday dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Cadal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-08-24|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027182420/https://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Sacad Muuse=== {{main|Sa'ad Musa}} [[File:Warsame Yunis.png|thumb|right|Warsame Yuunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] [[File:First footsteps in East Africa, or, An exploration of Harar (1904) (14586268478).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]], Amiirkii [[Harar|Harar]] iyo xulafo la ah Habr Awal]] Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badan sabab macaan oo ay ku leeyihiin dekedda weyn ee Soomaaliyeed ee [[Berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda iyo deegaanka ugu weyn ee beesha Habr Awal intii lagu guda jiray xilligii casriga ahaa ee hore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reerahmednuux.wordpress.com/2015/08/21/piece-of-berbera-history-reer-ahmed-nuh-ismail/ |title=Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail |website=wordpress.com|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Beesha waxay xiriir adag la lahayd [[Emirate of Harar|Saldanadda Harar]] amiiraduna waxay Habr Awal ku ixtiraami jireen maxkamadooda iyadoo [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] uu xusay saameyntooda maxkamadda Amiir [[Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr|Axmed III ibn Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadaladii uu la lahaa [[Vizier|Wasiirka]] Maxamed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 238}}</ref> <blockquote>Habr Awal guud ahaan waa dad hodan ah, inta badan waxaa u sabab ah ganacsiga soo mara dekedda Berbera oo ku taal dhulka Sacad Muuse. <ref>{{cite book|title= Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5 |date=1969|pages=24|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Habankan beelaha deegaanka ee uu maraayo ganacsiga weyn ama jidadka ganacsigu waxay aruuriyeen hanti badan, halka kuwa sida Reer Axmed (Ayal Ahmed), oo nasiib u yeeshay inay yeeshaan deked uu dabiicigu u hiiliyay sida Berbera, ay si dabiici ah uga dambaysay inay hodmaan.<ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Paulitschke map of Somaliland and the interior.png|thumb|300px|Khariidaddii Paulitschke oo daboolaysa waddooyinka ganacsiga muhiimka ah 1898]] [[File:Sketch Map of Northern Somali Land.png|thumb|300px|right|Waddooyinka ganacsiga ee gala Berbera iyadoo 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) ay ku sugan yihiin Berbera dhexdeeda iyo hareeraheeda iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo ballaaran oo lala lahaa ganacsatada Carabta iyo Hindiya ee ka imaanayay [[Arabia|Carabtii]] iyo [[Indian subcontinent|Hindiya]]. Markii ganacsatadan ajnabiga ahi ay yimaadeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulhar]] si ay ganacsi u sameeyaan, waxaa jiray nidaam faa'iido leh oo ku salaysan nidaamka abban (ilaalin) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo Reer Yuusuf Nuux (Ayal Yuusuf) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayal Axmed) ee Sacad Muuse, Habr Awal: <blockquote>Ka hor intaanan la gaarin arrintan, iyo ka hor intaanu deggenaanshaha Ingiriisku ka dhicin Cadan 1839, Reer Yuusuf Nuux iyo Reer Axmed Nuux ee Habr Awal waxay haysteen Berbera waxayna si wadajir ah u maamulayeen ganacsigeeda, iyagoo la qaybsanayay faa'iidada dhammaan hawlaha ganacsiga iyagoo ah 'ilaaliyaal' (abban) ee ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee ka timid Carabta iyo Hindiya. Markii dhiirigelinta horumarka Cadan ay dekeddu si weyn u korodhay, Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo tiro ahaan badnaa waxay ceyriyeen ehelladoodii la tartamayay waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay iyagu yihiin madaxda ganacsiga ee Berbera. Tani waxay keentay dagaal qabiil oo dhinac walba uu raadsaday caawimaad dibedda ah; Reer Axmed Nuux ee laga adkaaday waxay u jeesteen Xaaji Shirmarke Cali iyo ehelladoodii Habar Yoonis si ay u helaan taageero. Taageeradaas ka dib, waxay awoodeen inay dib isu dhisaan oo ay ceyriyaan Reer Yuusuf Nuux oo u guuray dekedda yar ee Bulhar, dhanka galbeed ee Berbera.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=I.M.|title= The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State |date=1965|publisher=Praeger|pages=35|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> [[File:Berbera, 1884.png|thumb|300px|Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Habr Awal keligood ma martigelin ganacsatada ajnabiga ah ee dekedahooda, balse waxay juga iyo ku mareen maraakiibtooda u gaarka ah hawlo ganacsi oo ay ku tageen dekedaha Carabta.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pankhurst|first1=R.|title=Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1|date=1965|pages=45|publisher=Institute of Ethiopian Studies|language=en}}</ref> Inta badan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tegi jiray Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabta waxay ka soo jeedeen beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka soo qaadeen alaabooyin ceeriin oo kala duwan oo ka yimid Harar iyo gudaha dalka iyagoo ku beddelanayay alaabo la farsameeyay. Intii ay halkaas joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryahooda oo ay shaqo geliyeen adeegayaashooda, halka qabiilooyinka kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u badnaayeen inay la degaan qaraabo horay uga dhisnaa dhanka gacanka. ជនជាតិ. — Waa kuwo inta badan ka tirsan beesha Habr Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harar iyo dalka Galla, qaxwo, saffron, foolmaroodi (ivory), iyo baalasha, iyagoo ka qaata beddelkeeda zinc, naxaas, dhar ballaaran, iyo alaabooyin goosgoos ah. Waxay Cadan joogaan ilaa labaatan maalmood hal mar xilliga ganacsiga, kaas oo socda ilaa sagaal bilood, iyagoo sameeya afar safar. Intii ay deegaanka joogaan waxay kireystaan guri, waxaana la socda adeegayaashooda.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunter|first1=Frederick|title=An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia|date=1877|publisher=Cengage Gale|pages=41|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Street in Bulhar.png|thumb|300px|Waddo ku taal [[Bulhar]]]] Gudaha dalka, safarrada ganacsiga ee Habr Awal (khafilas) waxay ahaayeen kuwo si joogto ah loo arko sida ay sheegayaan warbixinnada Yurub ee casriga ah ee ku saabsan Gacanka Soomaalida: <blockquote>Markii ka soo amba baxnay Hargeisa waxaan u safraynay maylal badan oo dhex maraya dhul qurux badan oo park u eg, oo ay ka buuxaan shimbiraha iyo digaagga duurjoogta ah. Waxaan la kulannay safarradii caadiga ahaa ee Soomaaliyeed ee khafilas [safarrada ganacsiga] ee raggii Habr-Awal, iyagoo wada haragooda, gunka, subagga, iyo qaxwaha oo ay u wadaan dekeddayada Bulhar, oo u dhaxaysa Berbera iyo Zeyla.<ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote> Soomaalida ka timid gudaha fog, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimid [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaadeenya]], waxay sidoo kale ka heleen inta badan agabkooda ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay u yaqaaneen "iidoor", taas oo ahayd eedeyn macno leh oo macnaheedu yahay [[merchant|ganacsade]] ama dillaal, taas oo ahayd tixraac ku aaddan dabeecadda ganacsi ee ganacsatada Habr Awal xilligaas.<ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Habr Awal xeebaha (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah u noqdeen dillaaliin u ah qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee raba inay alaabtooda geeyaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar: <blockquote>Caadadu waxay tahay in Reer Axmed (qabiilka Berbera) ay u dhaqmaan sidii dillaaliin, oo inta badan faa'iidada badankeeda ay ku dhegganaato gacanta dillaalka. Ilaa dhawaan ma jirin Ogaadeen waligiis tagay xeebta, balse alaabta waxay ku aamineen ganacsatada xeebta.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Dublin Review, Volume 98|date=1886|pages=176|language=en}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Dagaalkii Berbera ==== {{Main|Battle of Berbera 1827}} [[File:Habr Awal Warriors.png|thumb|300px|Dagaalyahannada Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal oo u diyaargaroobaya dagaal ka dhacay u dhow [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]]]] Markii markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne'' uu isku dayay inuu ku xirto dekedda Berbera 1825 waxaa weeraray oo laayay xubno badan oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan [[Royal Navy|Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada]] waxay fuliyeen xayiraad waxaana qaar ka mid ah xisaabaadka ay sheegayaan duqeyn ka dhacday magaalada.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70">{{cite book|title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience|year=1977|page=70|isbn=9780226467917|publisher=9780226467917|first=David D.|last=Laitin}}</ref> 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingiriisku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna bixiyay dalab lagu dejinayo xayiraadda oo joojisay ganacsiga faa'iidada badan ee Berbera beddelkeeda magdhow. Ka dib taladan bilowgii [[Battle of Berbera 1827|Dagaalkii Berbera 1827]] wuxuu qarxay. Ka dib guuldarradii Habr Awal, 15,000 [[Spanish dollars|doolarka Isbanishka]] ayaa ay ahayd in ay bixiyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo dhimashada dadka.<ref name="Laitin 1977 70"/> [[Isaaq Sultanate|Suldaanka Isaaq]] [[Farah Guled|Faarax Garaad Guuleed]] iyo Xaaji Cali waxay u qoreen warqad [[Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi|Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi]] oo ka tirsan [[Ras Al Khaimah]] iyagoo ka codsanaya caawimaad millatari iyo dagaal diimeed oo wadajir ah oo ka dhan ah Ingiriiska.<ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٧|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Tani ma aysan rumoobin maaddaama Suldaan Saqr uu curyaamiyay [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|ololihii Gacanka Persia ee 1919]] mana uusan awoodin inuu caawimaad u diro Berbera. Marka laga reebo xaruntooda Gacanka Persia & Gacanka Cumaan, Qasimi waxay aad uga dhex muuqdeen dhanka millatariga iyo dhaqaalaha labadaba [[Gulf of Aden|Gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka illaa [[Mocha, Yemen|Mukha]] ee [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820|first=Charles E.|last=Davies|publisher=University of Exeter Press|year=1997|page=167|isbn=9780859895095}}</ref> Waxay lahaayeen xiriir ganacsi oo badan oo ay la lahaayeen [[Somalis|Soomaalida]], taasoo keentay in maraakiibta ka timid Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Persian Gulf|Gacanka Persia]] ay si joogto ah u xaadiraan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Zeila|Zeyla]] isla markaana ay aad u aqoon fiican u lahaayeen Isaaq.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965718|year=1965|first=Richard|last=Pankhurst|issue= 1|volume= 3|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|pages=36–81|jstor=41965718}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي|language=ar|page=١٢|year=1996|first=Sultan bin Muhammad|last=Al Qasimi}}</ref> Natiijo ahaan, Beesha Habar Awal waxay heshiis ilaalin ah la saxiixatay [[British Empire|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] 14 Luulyo 1884. Habr Awal waxay sii waday inay yeelato heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh oo ay la leeyihiin xiriiradooda ajnabiga ah, kuwaas oo tiro badan ay sidoo kale ku hoos jireen xukunka Ingiriiska ee dalalkooda. Ingiriisku wuxuu ka aasaasay caasimadda [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] [[Berbera]], balse markii dambe caasimadda ay u rari doonaan [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] 1941.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=755848|title=The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute|url=https://archive.org/details/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly_1956-04_5_2/page/245|journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume=5|year=1956|pages=245–264|author=D. J. Latham Brown|issue=2|doi=10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245}}</ref> ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== ==== U Guurista Koonfureed ee Xeebta illaa Gudaha Dalka ==== [[File:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa (right).jpg|thumb|left|200 px|[[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] (midig), aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]], oo uu sawiray 1912 Ralph E Brockman]] Bartamihii qarnigii 19th Hargeisa iyo deegaanka ku xeeran waxay ahaayeen goob kulul oo ay ka taagan yihiin muranno qabiil iyadoo duullaanno lagu samaynayay safarro isku dayaya inay maraan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of African Languages |date=1963 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |pages=27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=96}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Carlos-Swayne |first=Harald |title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia |year=1900 |pages=40}}</ref> Madar oo ay weheliyaan sheekhyada kale ee Suufiyada waxay Aasaaseen ''Jama'a Weyn'' ama ''jamcadda weyn'' ee Hargeysa. Jamcadda cusub waxay raacday nidaamkii 900-sano jirka ahaa ee [[Qadiriyya]] ee uu aas-aasay Shaykh-a caanka ah [[Abdul Qadir Gilani|Cabdulqaadir Al-Jeeylaani]] waxayna soo bandhigtay dhaqamo cusub oo Hargeysa u horseeday waddada ay ku noqon lahayd magaalada Soomaaliyeed ee ugu weyn [[Somaliland]] iyo magaalada labaad ee ugu dadka badan ee Soomaali degto ilaa maanta.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |last1=Abdullahi |first1=Abdurahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X1dDDwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar |title=Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1 |date=2017-09-18 |publisher=Adonis and Abbey Publishers |isbn=9781909112797 |page=80}}</ref> Hargeisa iyo deegaankeedu waxay lahaayeen carro ku habboon iyo biyo ku filan oo loogu talagalay beeraha balse xoolo-dhaqatadu ma aysan ka faa'iidaysan xaqiiqadan. Madar oo ay la socdeen hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee ''Jam'a Weyn'' waxay soo bandhigeen beerashada [[sorghum|masagada]] iyo dhismaha cusub ee guryaha joogtada ah iyo abuurista masaajiddiisa weyn 1883.<ref name="auto3" /> Sheekh waxaa kale oo saarnaa masuuliyadda hoggaaminta salaadaha jaamacadda ee baryada ah [[Allah|Alle]] ee roobka ee cibaadada loo yaqaano ''roobdoon''.<ref name="auto5">{{cite book |last=Mire |first=Sada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6nODwAAQBAJ&q=sheikh+madar+shrine+hargeisa&pg=PA153 |title=Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa |date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138368507 |page=151}}</ref> Sheekh Madar iyo Suldaan Isaaq [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] waxay ku kulmeen banaanka Hargeisa 1870 si ay uga wada hadlaan arrimaha ku saabsan magaalada cusub waxayna ku heshiiyeen in ugaarsiga iyo goynta geedaha agagaarka ah la mamnuuco.<ref>{{cite book |last=WSP Transition Programme |first=War-torn Societies Project |title=Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1 |publisher=Red Sea Press |year=2005 |page=214}}</ref> Laanta Sacad Muuse ee Habr Awal waxay billowday inay degto Hargeysa iyadoo hoos imaanaysa ilaalinta Madar iyo Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye]] waxayna si farxad leh u qaateen hababka cusub ee beeraha. ''Jama'a'' waxay samaysay udub dhexaad soo jiitay reer guuraaga kale inay yimaadaan oo degaan magaalada soo koraysa.<ref>{{cite book |last=Great Britain |first=War Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Official+History+of+the+Operations+in+Somaliland,+1901-04,+Volume+1 |title=Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1 |publisher=HM Stationery Office |year=1907 |isbn=9780344344800 |pages=31–32}}</ref> Sidoo kale, khilaafaadkii qabiilka waa la yareeyay maaddaama bulshada cusub ay ku guulaysatay inay ku midoobto aqoonsi diimeed oo la wadaago halkii ay si adag ugu salaysnaan lahayd saldhig qabiil oo dhaqameed. Iyadoo Sheekh uu ku guuleystay hawsha loo igmaday ee uu ka helay macallinkiisa Sheekh Kabiir. Hogaamiyayaasha diinta ee ''Jama'a'' waxay isku qaadeen inay naafada deegaanka ku hoos jiraan daryeelkooda.<ref name="auto3" /> ====U Ololeynta Xornimada [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]]==== Sannadkii 1955, [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]] wuxuu xubin ka ahaa wafdi ka kooban 4 siyaasiyiin iyo suldanno ah oo aaday [[London]], [[United Kingdom|Ingiriiska]]. Hadafkeedu wuxuu ahaa in la codsado oo lagu cadaadiyo Dowladda Ingiriiska inay soo celiso dhulkii heshiiska ee lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' ee loo dhiibay [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] intii uu socday heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Mohamed |first1=Jama |title=Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960 |date=2002 |publisher=The English Historical Review |language=en}}</ref> Buugga ''Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jama Mohamed wuxuu qorayaa: <blockquote>N.U.F. waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka labada Somaliland iyo dibadda. March 1955, tusaale ahaan, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir waxay aadeen Muqdisho si ay u helaan taageerada iyo iskaashiga kooxaha waddaniyadda ee Soomaaliya. Febraayo iyo May 1955 wafdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ([[Abdillahi Deria|Suldaan Cabdilaahi Suldaan Diiriye]], iyo [[Abdulrahman Deria|Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye]]), iyo laba siyaasi oo muxaafid ah oo reer Galbeedka wax bartay (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Xali Maxamed Dubeh) waxay boqdeen London iyo New York. Safarkoodii London, waxay si rasmi ah u kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arrinta Xoghayaha Dawladda u qaabilsan Gumeysiga, Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali ee 1885. Heshiisyada hoostooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay qaadatay inaysan marnaba bixin, iibin, dhigan ama si kale u siin shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb ka mid ah dhulka ay degaan iyagu ama hoos imaanaya xakamayntooda'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya hoos imaanaysa heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897'. Heshiiskaas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ahaa mid 'isku dhacaya' heshiisyadii Anglo-Somali 'ee mudnaanta lahaa waqtiga' ka hor heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopian ee 1897[.] Dowladda Ingiriisku 'waxay ka badbadisay awoodeeda markii ay soo gabagabeysay Heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... Heshiiskii 1897 ma ahayn mid ku waajib ah qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdilaahi wuxuu sidoo kale ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn dadka Soomaaliyeed' maaddaama aan loo sheegin wadaxaajodka, iyo maaddaama Dowladda Ingiriisku ay maamulaysay deegaanka tan iyo 1941. Wufuuddu waxay codsadeen, sida uu sheegay Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan, in dib loo dhigo hirgelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafuudda waqti ay kiiskooda ku soo bandhigaan' Baarlamaanka iyo ururada caalamiga ah.<ref name="auto"/></blockquote> ===Ciise Muuse=== {{main|Issa Musa}} [[File:Ahmed Amar.png|thumb|Axmed Camar oo 23 jir ah oo ka tirsan Ciise Muuse Habar Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte 1890]] Taariikh ahaan, Ciise Muuse waxay isticmaaleen [[Camel train|safarka]] [[trade|ganacsiga]] ee aadka u qiimaha badan ee ku yaal [[Horn of Africa|Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay dakhli ka heleen safarrada imanaya suuqyada magaalada xeebta ah ee [[Berbera]]. Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay soo rogaan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 unug oo ana ah halkii geel ee ay ku raran yihiin alaab.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |language=de}}</ref><blockquote>Ciise Muuse, oo aagga daaqaagu uu yahay bannaanka xeebta, waxay sidoo kale soo saaraan canshuur gudub oo ah 4 anas (qiyaastii 48 pfennigs) oo ka timaada safarrada dromedarka raran iyo 1 ana id kasta iyo riy kasta, taas oo ka timaada qabiilooyinka kale ka dib Suuqyada laga keeni doono Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoEmPJ3s9QUC&q=Isa+Musa&pg=PA228 |title=Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft |date=1894 |publisher=J. Perthes |pages=228 |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>Sahamiyaha iyo juqraafiga Talyaaniga [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti|Luigi Robecchi Brichetti]] wuxuu lahaa hadal la mid ah dhanka ganacsiga safarka ee qiimaha leh, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku xusay Reer Axmed ee la xiriira ee Habar Awal - kuwaas oo haystay cinwaanka ah Abban ee Berbera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmad&pg=PA74 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |isbn=9780705415002 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Bricchetti, Ciise Muuse waxay awoodeen inay helaan dakhli uga mahadcelinaya taraafikada safarka mashquulka badan ee galaya & ka baxaya magaalada xeebta iyo taariikhiga ah ee Berbera<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |language=it}}</ref><blockquote>Waxay u gudbaan sida xoolo-dhaqatada geel ee xirfadda leh iyo qabanqaabiyeyaasha safarka ee caqliga leh [Ayal Achmed]. Sidoo kale waa qoysaska kala duwan ee Ciise Muuse, oo ku nool ganacsiga safarka ee Ogaadeenya, iyagoo kor u kacaya Uebi [Webi] oo raacaya waddada Faf (Fafan).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bricchetti |first=Luigi Robecchi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOoxAQAAMAAJ&q=Somalia+e+Benadir&pg=PA632 |title=Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana |date=1899 |publisher=Aliprandi |pages=632 |language=it}}</ref></blockquote> ==== Aasaaskii Saldanadda Ciise Muuse ==== Geeridii Diriiye kadib, wiilkiisii Cabdiraxmaan ayaa la Caleemo Saaray wuxuuna ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habar Awal ee isu bixiya 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaad. Cabdiraxmaan wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis balse wuxuu aad uga firfircoonaa arrimaha xannaanada.<ref>{{cite book |last=Milman |first=Brock |title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9780415717458 |page=79}}</ref> Markii Ciidagale ay isku dayeen inay dhacaan Ciise Muuse, wiil uu dhalay Suldaankii Habar Yoonis ayaa ku biiray duullaanka oo markii la cayrsaday raggiisii waa la dilay. Suldaankii Habar Yoonis wuxuu u yimid Cabdiraxmaan si uu u xalliyo muranka wuxuuna rabay inuu ku qasbo Ciise Muuse inay bixiyaan [[diyya|mag]] wiilka Suldaanka. Sida uu qabo [[xeer|xeerka]] dhaqameed ee Soomaaliyeed mag Lama bixiyo marka qof lagu dilo is-difaacid. Sidaas darteed Ciise Muuse way diideen waxayna ku dhufteen gaashaanadoodii iyagoo diidaya xukunka Cabdiraxmaan.<ref name="Progressio">{{cite book |last1=Orwin |first1=Martin |title=War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda |last2=Axmed |first2=Rashiid |publisher=Progressio |year=2009 |isbn=9781852873295 |page=206}}</ref> Cismaan Haariyey oo ahaa gabyaa ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|geeraarkan]] soo socda oo muujinaya ixtiraamkiisa balse diidaya Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan. Intaas ka dib Ciise Muuse way baxeen waxayna u ambabaxeen inay caleemo saaraan Suldaankoodii ugu horreeyay, Suldaan Koshin 1949 taas oo calaamad u ahayd xornimadooda ay ka heleen walaalahooda Sacad Muuse ee waaweyn.<ref name="Progressio"/> {{Verse translation|lang=so-Latn| Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya |attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>| Ninka hantida ku taagan Ee masagada gurta Ninka dhimashada qoda Iyo kuwa geela ilaaliya Haddaba Suldaan ka fikir Way heshiin karaan? Suldaanow ku ma ay cayin Mana ahayn inaan ku canaanto Ma daynayo inaan ceeb kaa magdhabo Mana filayo hanti xaggaaga ah Ixtiraamka aan ku siineyno Gabdhaha dhalinyarada ah ee quruxda badan Marnaba kaama qaadan doonno Rag sidaada oo kale ah Ee aan caleenta saarnay boqor ahaan Way dib u dhigayaan Dadkii Muuse Subeer}} ==== Xilligii Casriga ah ==== Ciise Muuse waxay soo saareen tiro badan oo ah shakhsiyaad caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed iyadoo Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah]], iyo tan ugu caansan Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]] & Madaxweynihii labaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo hoggaamiyay protectorate-kii hore ee [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]] xornimada Luulyo 1960 si loo dhiso [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida]]. Ilaa maanta, [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii keliya ee ah Isaaq ah oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somali National Flag Flying in Hargeisa 26th June 1960.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Calanka Soomaaliya oo ka Lalnaya Hargeysa 26 Juun 1960: Calanka Cad iyo Buluugga ah ee Soomaaliya intii lagu guda jiray dabaaldegyadii Xornimada ee [[Independence Day (State of Somaliland)|Xornimada]] 26 Juun 1960 Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]] ee [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] wuxuu salaamay calanka.]] 26kii Juun 1960 Cigaal wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[State of Somaliland|Maamulka Somaliland]] ee xornimada helay dhowaan, kaas oo shan maalmood ka dib la midoobay [[Trust Territory of Somaliland|Dhulka Xannaanada ee Soomaaliya]] ee hore si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida 1 Luulyo 1960. Codsashada ugu muhiimsan, hay'adaha siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]] waxay asal ahaan ka yimaadeen hoos ilaa kor hoos timaad xukunka muhiimka ah ee [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Cigaal]]. Intii uu socday muddadiisa 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu ahaa [[President of Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu hub ka dhig ku sameeyo kooxaha fallaagada ah ee deegaanka, xasillooniyo dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, isla markaana uu ka dhisay xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn oo lala yeeshay dalal shisheeye. Wuxuu sidoo kale soo bandhigay [[Somaliland shilling|shillingka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo calan cusub oo dib loo naqshadeeyay. Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal wuxuu abuuray [[Military of Somaliland|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]], oo ah ciidanka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waxtarka badan ee ka jiray tan iyo intii la kala diray [[Somali National Army|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]] 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Glickman |first1=Harvey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQIwAQAAIAAJ&q=habar+awal+snm |title=Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217 |year=1995 |publisher=African Studies Assoc. Press |isbn=9780918456748}}</ref> [[File:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif).jpg|thumb|[[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] "Jidhif", oo caan ku ah duullaankiisa qabsashada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Zeila|Zeyla]] dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii magaca [[Somali National Movement|SNM]].]] === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed === [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa urur fallaago ah oo ka jiray 1980-meeyadii illaa 1990-meeyadii. SNM-tii 1981 ee lagu aas-aasay [[London]] waxay dooratay [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]] oo ka tirsanaa beesha Habar Awal guddoomiyaheedii ugu horreeyay, kaas oo sheegay in ujeeddada cad ee ururku ay ahayd in la rido nidaamkii [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] ee [[military regime|maamulka millatariga]].<ref name="Metz">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ururisay saldhiggeeda ugu weyn ee taageerada xubnaha beesha Isaaq, oo dhisay oo taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sanado badan oo takoor nidaamsan ah oo ay geysatay dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Taliye ahaan qaybta 99aad, Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) wuxuu sidoo kale ka dhisay [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] saldhig millatari oo ku yaal [[Zeila|Zeyla]] halkaas oo [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] ay ka qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah waxayna si guul leh uga adkaatay isku day ay sameeyeen xoogagga millatariga ee USF ee daacadda u ah [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] kuwaas oo isku dayay inay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​dhicitaankii [[Military Junta|Dowladdii Milatariga]] ee Siyaad Barre 1991 isla markaana ay qabsadaan magaalada [[Zeila|Zeyla]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jama |first1=Hassan Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyeNqKK7bQC&q=jibril+abokor+militia |title=Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia |year=2005 |publisher=Verlag Hans Schiler |isbn=9783899300758}}</ref> [[File:Muse_Bihi_official_portrait_2017_(cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Muse Bihi Abdi|Gashaanle Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[Somaliland]], iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]] ka hor int>**uusan u goosan [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] bartamihii 1980-meeyadii halkaas oo uu ka hoggaamiyay ciidamada fallaagada.]] Liiska Taliyeyaasha SNM ee Habar Awal ee caanka ah ([[Mujahids]]).<ref name="List of Habar Awal SNM leaders">{{cite book |last1=Forberg |first1=Ekkehard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0x3rAgAACAAJ&q=list+of+Habar+Awal+leaders |title=Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion |last2=Terlinden |first2=Ulf |date=13 April 1999 |publisher=BITS |isbn=9783933111012 |via=Google Books}}</ref> * Gashaanle [[Abdillahi Askar|Cabdillaahi Askar]] Barkhad {{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cabdikarim Xaashi Cilmi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Dhaamaha{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Aadan Shiine{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Jaamac Sabbaan (Janan Oogo){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Dhagax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Golhaye{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Axmed Maxamed Xasan (Axmed Japan){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Cali Gurey{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal Cali Xuseen Cabdi{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Boobe Yuusuf Ducaale{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Hassan Yonis Habane|Xasan Yoonis Habane]] * Haybe Axmed Gure (Haybe Laambad){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Xamud Ibraahim Ismaaciil{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Professor [[Ibrahim Megag Samatar|Ibraahim Megag Samatar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * [[Ibrahim Dhagahweyne|Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne]]<ref name=hm20110715>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296964922|title=Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia|last1=Höhne|first1=Markus|date=2011-07-15|journal=ResearchGate|volume=|issue=|page=351|doi=|access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]]<ref name=ip2008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/2008_SomS_Interpeace_APD_Statebuilding_EN.pdf|title=Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building|author=interpeace|year=2008|access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galaan{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Jeneraal [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]] (Jidhif) * [[Mohamed Hashi Elmi|Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere){{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Mahdi Cali Faarax{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Gashaanle [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]]{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} * Yahya Xaaji Ibraahim{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} == Garaadada iyo Suldannada Habar Awal == Habar Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan dheer oo hoggaamineed waxaana hoggaamiya Suldaan ka soo jeeda laanta Axmed Cabdalla - oo ahayd hoos-qayb tiro badan oo ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo inta badan degta [[Somali Region|Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/firstfootstepsi00burtgoog|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|last=Burton|first=Richard|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|year=1856|edition=1st|page= 53}}</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxay door bideen inay isticmaalaan ereyga wadaniga ah ''Garaad'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilna waxay tan iyo markaas beddeleen magaca cinwaanka oo u beddeleen ''Suldaan'' inkasta oo doorku uu isku mid yahay.<ref>{{cite book|title=British and Foreign State Papers|date=1893|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> Garaadada Habar Awal waxay soo ururin jireen rag xilliyada dagaalka waxayna xallin jireen murannada waaweyn ee qabiilooyinka kale iyagoo buuxinaya doorka nabad-doonka ugu dambeeya (''nabadoon'').<ref name="Felix 1907 115">{{cite book|first=Rosen|last=Felix|year=1907|title=Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien|page=115|publisher=VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig|url=https://archive.org/details/einedeutscheges00rose|isbn=9780274113415|language=de}}</ref> Garaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Biniin waxaa la Caleemo Saaray xilli la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] [[Deria Sugulleh Ainashe|Suldaan Diriiye Ainasha]], iyadoo labada qoys-beeleed ee waaweyn ay ka soo degeen hantidii [[Garhajis#Eidagale|Ciidagale]] oo ahayd madaxdii ballaaran ee [[Isaaq Sultanate|Saldanadda Isaaq]]. Geeridiisa ka dib, Habar Awal ma aysan Caleemo Saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maaddaama dhaxalsugayaasha Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la Caleemo Saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaallada ka dhacay xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habar Awal si loo ilaaliyo beesha ka dhanka ah cadowgeeda iyo la dagaalanka duullaanka. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka wuxuu si cidhiidhi ah uga fogaaday duullaan lama filaan ah oo [[Darod|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla ay si degdeg ah isu soo ururiyeen oo ay ku qasbeen duullaanka inay cararaan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia|last=Carlos-Swayne|first=Harald|year=1900|pages=138}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! !Magaca !Xukunka laga soo bilaabo !Xukunka illaa |- |1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' (''Garaadkii ugu horreeyay'') | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Garaad'' '''Diriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |5 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''[[Abdulrahman Deria|Cabduraxmaan]]''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye ''(oo qaatay cinwaanka Suldaanka)'' | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |6 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdilaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabduraxmaan | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |7 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |8 | style="white-space:nowrap" |''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdilaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad Askar.png|thumb|Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar oo la sawiray 1895]] Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu xilka hayay dhowr iyo soddon sano waxaana soo dhoweeyay saraakiisha Ingiriiska ee socdaalka ahayd ee u dhow xadka koonfureed ee [[British Somaliland|protectorate]] 1894 oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal [[Makonnen Wolde Mikael|Ras Makonen]] oo matalaya [[Menelik II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Soldier's Shikar Trips|page=77|publisher=Grant Richards Ltd|first=H.G|last=Mainwaring|year=1894}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ku sugan Somaliland Ingiriiska sida Suldaan [[Deria Hassan|Diiriye Xasan]] iyo [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] waxay ka walaacsanaayeen duullaan ba'an oo ay ciidamada Abyssinia ku qaadeen magaalada soo koraysa ee [[Hargeisa|Hargeysa]] iyo agagaarkeeda. Garaad waxaa la xiriiray Makonen laba sano ka dib weydiisanaya isaga iyo Habar Awal inay ku biiraan [[Ethiopian Empire|Boqortooyada Itoobiya]] balse waa la diiday.<ref>{{cite book|title=Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYapmF_K__8C&q=coerced+british+protection+somaliland&pg=PA121|first=Venkat|last=Ram|year=2009|isbn=9788180696244|publisher=Concept Publishing Company New Delhi}}</ref> Garaad Cabdalla waxaa soo ag maray Suldaankii [[Garhajis#Habr Yunis|Habr Yunis]] markii ay la kulmeen abaar, Habr Yunis waxay ka codsadeen inay helaan biyoodka Habar Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Abdalla wuxuu oggolaaday codsigii balse qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beeshiisa waxay u maleeyeen inuu aad u deeqsi ahaa oo uu caawinayay Habr Yunis kharashka wanaagga xoolohooda. Hogaamiyaha dadkan waxaa ka mid ahaa wiilkiisa 15-jirka ah ee Askar. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbigii Habr Yunis ay yimaadeen waraabinta, Askar wuxuu dhex taagnaa ceelka iyo raggii isagoo ka reebay inay galaan. Waa lala taliyay doqonnimadiisa waxaana lagu amray inuu meesha ka tago oo uu addeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar oo careysan wuxuu mindhihiisii ku dhuftay ninkii canaantay waxaanu dagaal ku dhowaaday inuu qarxo falkan darted.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Gabyaa xigmad badan oo Habr Awal ah oo ka yimid [[Bulhar]] oo magaciisu ahaa Aami ayaa istaagay oo tiriyey [[Somali literature|gabay]]<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> :''Hadalada aadka u badan ayaa hore looga hadlay erayadii doqonnimada ahaa ee Yuunis'' :''Balse xukunka xaqa ah ee Alle ku dhow marka loo eego caadada hore, keenaya nabadda iyo (si adag) sida buur oo kale'' :''Aad u dhow oo ku dhuumanaya dad, cadawgaaga, ilaa waqtigii hore xusuusashadooda colaad'' :''Haddii uu yimaado waqtigii aad indho-tirtay muranka, ma aad ixtiraami lahayd'' :''Iyadoo aan la labalabayn, ayay si lama filaan ah kuugu dhaceen'' :''Dhammaan qabiilooyinka cadowga ah waxay maqleen wararka murankaaga'' :''Sida gorgorka, dhammaantood waxay si hunguri leh u eegayaan hilibkaaga!'' Xisbiyadii waxaa dhaqaajiyay erayadiisii ​​oo waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen murankoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gabadhiisa gacanteeda siiyay gabyahaha abaal-marin ahaan dadaalkiisii.<ref name="Felix 1907 115"/> Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ​​u weynaa ee Askar ayaa beddelay isagoo Garaad noqday. Askar wuxuu ahaa faras-yahan xirfad leh wuxuuna ka dagaallamay duullaan uu la lahaa qaybaha koonfureed ee beesha oo ka dhan ahaa Daraawiishdii oo bilaabay inay Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka ku duulaan. [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] wuxuu ururiyay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Axmed Cabdalla iyo qaar kale, oo ay ku noolaayeen inta badan xadka gudahiisa [[British Somaliland|Somaliland Ingiriiska]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 5|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48|first=House of Commons|last=Great Britain|page= 15|publisher=HM Stationery Office|year=1901}}</ref> Geeridii Askaar ka dib walaalkiis ka yar Diriiye wuxuu qaatay xilka Garaadka oo si ka duwan walaalkiis iyo aabihiis wuxuu aad u danaynayay arrimaha bulshada Habar Awal maaddaama xilli nabad qaraabo ah uu dhashay guuldarradii Daraawiishta ka dib, taas oo yareyneysay baahida loo qabo dagaalka.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=79}}</ref> Diriiye wuxuu wajahay tartan loollan ah oo ku aaddan doorkiisii ​​Garaad ahaan waxaana Habr Awal ay ku taageereen oo ay iska celiyeen ninkii isku dayay inuu booska ka qaado.<ref>{{cite book|title=British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960|first=Brock|last=Milman|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9780415717458|page=64}}</ref> ==Laamaha== Qoys-beeleedka Isaaq, beelaha hoose waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo dheddig ah, sida ka muuqata abtirsiinta. Qaybta koowaad waa inta ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Harari people|Harari ah]] – Habar Habuusheed – iyo kuwa ka soo jeeda wiilashii Sheekh Isxaaq ee ka dhashay naag [[Somali people|Soomaali ah]] oo ka tirsan beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] – Habar Magaadle. Runtii, inta badan beelaha ugu waaweyn ee qoys-beeleedka waa isbahaysi dheddig ah sidaas darteed magaca hooyada "Habar" oo af-Soomaaligii hore [[Somali language|af-Soomaali]] macnihiisu yahay "hooyo".<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC |title = A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|isbn = 9783825830847|last1 = Lewis|first1 = I. M.|last2 = Samatar|first2 = Said S.|year = 1999| publisher=LIT Verlag Münster }}</ref> Tani waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka ee soo socda.<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha beesha Habr Awal ee deggan Jabuuti waxay ogaatay in dhammaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanaayeen EV32 subclade ee Y-DNA [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] haplogroup aabaha ah.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Iacovacci, Giuseppe|display-authors=etal|title=Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|date=2017|volume=27|pages=123–131|url=https://www.docdroid.net/Dedb2N1/forensic-data-and-microvariant-sequence0acharacterization-of-27-y-str-loci-analyzed-in-four-eastern0aafrican-countries-iacovacci-et-al-2016.pdf.html|access-date=18 January 2018|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015|pmid=28068531|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Geed qoys-beeleed oo la soo koobay oo ka mid ah hoos-qaybiyaha Habr Awal ee ugu waaweyn ayaa lagu soo bandhigay hoos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|title=Habr Awal|access-date=2017-04-04|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Axmed Cabdalla (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) waa [[Sultan|Safka Boqortooyada ee Suldaanka Habar Awal]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu0MAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+royal+race+is+the+ayyal&pg=PA248 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar |date=1894 |publisher=Tylston and Edwards |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> {{Tree list}}[[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Sheekh Isxaaq bin Axmed bin Maxamed]] **Habr Habuusheed ***Axmed (Tol-Ja’lo) ***[[Habr Je'lo|Muuse]] ***[[Sanbur|Ibraahim]] ***[[Ibran|Maxamed]] **Habr Magaadle ***[[Garhajis|Ismaaciil]] ***Ayuub ***[[Arap|Maxamed]] ***'''Abdiraxmaan (Habr Awal)''' ****Sacad Muuse *****Cabdixmaan Sacad *****Cabdalle Sacad *****Xasan Sacad ******Cabdalle Xasan *****Isxaaq Sacad ******Makahil *******Nuux Makahil *******Abokor Makahil *******Cumar Makahil *******Maxamed Makahil *******Xasan Makahil ********Cali Xasan ********Jibriil Xasan ********Rooble Xasan ********Cismaan Xasan *******Maxamed Isxaaq (Abbas) *******Isse Isxaaq (Ciise Carab) *******Muuse (Ase) Isxaaq *******Yeesif Isxaaq *******Abokor Isxaaq ********Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan) ********Cabdalle Abokor ********Xuseen Abokor *********Cismaan Xuseen (Cismaannada) *********Jibriil Xuseen **********Ismaaciil Jibriil ***********Nuux Ismaaciil ************Yuusuf Nuux (Reer Yuusuf Nuux) *************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) *************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) *************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) *************Maxamed Yonis ************Axmed Nuux (Reer Axmed Nuux) ***********Saciid Ismaaciil ************Cabdalle Saciid *************Samatar Cabdalle (Reer Samatar) *************Abane Cabdalle (Reer Abane) *************Axmed Cabdalle (Reer Axmed Cabdalla) ***********Cabdalle Ismaaciil ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Idris Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Muhumed Ismaaciil (Waran'ad) ***********Yonis Ismaaciil (Bah Gobo) ***********Yuusuf Ismaaciil ********Jibriil Abokor *********Aadan Jibriil (Bahaabar Aadan) *********Cali Jibriil **********Cumar Cali ***********Abeeb Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Abtidon Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Aadan Cumar ***********Xuseen Qawa Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Sahal Cumar (Baha Cumar) ***********Yonis Cumar (Dugeh) ***********Ismaaciil Cumar ************Barre Ismaaciil *************Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed) ************Dalal Ismaaciil (Reer Dalal) ************Geedi Ismaaciil 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Cumar) ************Hoosh Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) ************Higgis Ismaaciil ************Idris Ismaaciil ************Ollow Ismaaciil ************Samatar Ismaaciil ************Qayaad Ismaaciil (Baha Cumar) *********Xasan Jibriil *********Maxamed Jibriil (Deriyahan) *********Yonis Jibriil (Reer Yonis) **********Muuse Yonis ***********Cabdi Muuse Yonis **********Caraale yonis **********Caynaashe Yonis **********Urkurag Yonis ***********Aadan Urkurag ************Cumar Aadan ************Cali Aadan ************Axmed Aadan ****Ciise Muuse *****Aadan Ciise ******Jibriil Aadan *******Maxamud Jibriil *******Xasan Jibriil *******Ibraahim Jibriil *******Ismaaciil Jibriil *****Abokor Ciise ******Xasan Abokor *******Balle Xasan (Reer Baale) *******Muuse Xasan *****Idris Ciise ******abdiwadhawr ******rer dahir ******rer hayan ******ali wadhawr *****Mohamed Issa ******Mukhtar Mohamed ******Hassan Mohamed ******Jibriil Mohamed *******Omar Jibriil *******Abokor Jibriil *******Yonis Jibriil *******Muuse Jibriil ********Ali Muuse *********Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) *********Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays) *********Abane Ali (Reer Abane) *********Had Ali (Reer Had) *********Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid) *******Abdirahman Muuse *******Abdulle Muuse ********Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan) ********Hassan Abdulle *********Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori) *********Deriyahan Hassan ****Abdalla Muuse ****Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse) ****Egalle Muuse ****Eli Muuse ****Omar Muuse{{Tree list end}} ==Shakhsiyaadka Caanka ah iyo kuwa Saameynta Leh== [[File:MoPodiumRio2016.png|thumb|[[Mo Farah]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain.]] [[File:Ismail Ahmed.jpg|thumb|[[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxaa loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]].<ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|title=Board of directors|access-date=2021-01-16|archive-date=2019-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Beesha waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo ku qoran hoos: * [[Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacadde]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacadde", gabyaa caan ah xilligii gumeysiga ka hor iyo ka dib *[[Abdulrahman Deria|''Suldaan'' Cabdiraxmaan ''Garaad'' Diiriye]], Suldaankii 1aad & hoggaamihii 5aad ee Habar Awal * [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tixgeliyo kobaca hore ee iyo aasaasaha Hargeysa [[Hargeisa|casriga ah]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abdurahman.|first1=A|title= Making Sense of Somali History|date=2017|publisher=Adonis and Abbey|pages=80|language=en}}</ref> *[[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar]], wuxuu u adegay guddoomiyaha la doortay ee SNM bishii Janaayo 1982 wuxuuna markii dambe ka shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha Guurtida ee Baarlamaanka Somaliland. Wuxuu awoowe u yahay [[Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Madar]] caanka ah. * [[Abdulrahim Abby Farah|Cabdiraxiin Abby Faarax]], [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|Ku-xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee [[Somali Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya]] ee Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * [[Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid|Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Caydiid]], duqii hore ee [[Mayor of Hargeisa|Hargeysa]], caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]]. * [[Abdishakur Iddin|Cabdishakuur Iidinta]], duqa hadda ee [[Berbera|Berbera]], caasimadda gobolka [[Sahil, Somaliland|Saaxil]]. * [[Abdul Majid Hussein|Cabdimaajid Xuseen]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Safiirkii hore ee Itoobiya u fadhiyay Qaramada Midoobay, 2001–2004. Hoggaamiyaha xisbiga [[Ethiopian Somali Democratic League]] (ESDL) ee [[Somali Region|Gobolka Soomaalida]] ee [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]] 1995 ilaa 2001. * [[Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid|Axmed Maxamed Guleed]], mid ka mid ah xubnihii asaasayaasha ahaa ee [[Somali National Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] iyo kii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoober 1981. * [[Ahmad Girri bin Husain|Axmed Gari bin Xuseen]], Taliye ku xigeenka [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Axmed Gurey]] iyo general sare oo ka tirsanaa [[Adal Sultanate|Saldanaddii Cadal]] oo hoggaamiyay ciidan weyn oo ka dhan ah [[Abyssinian empire|boqortooyada Xabashida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|title=مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17|website=makhtota.ksu.edu.sa|access-date=2017-07-26|archive-date=2017-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729180419/http://makhtota.ksu.edu.sa/makhtota/554/17|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Hassan Awke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Wariye iyo baahiyaha Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah. Wuxuu ahaa halyeey ka tirsan [[BBC World Service]], [[Voice of America]], [[Somaliland National TV]], [[Horn Cable Television]], [[Radio Mogadishu]] iyo [[Universal Television (Somalia)|Universal TV]] iyo sidoo kale afhayeenka madaxweynaha ee [[Siad Barre|Siyaad Barre]] intii lagu guda jiray maamulkiisa millatariga.<ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |title=Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |archive-date=2018-02-16}}</ref> * [[Ahmed Yusuf Yasin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], [[Vice-President of Somaliland|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland]] 2002 ilaa 2010, iyo Guddoomiyaha Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * [[Ali Abdi Farah|Cali Abdi Faarax]], Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] * [[Ali Feiruz|Cali Fayruus]], fanaan Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah oo ku nool [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]] iyo [[Somaliland]] * [[Abdi Hashi Abdullahi|Cabdi Xaashi Cabdullaahi]], Afhayeenka [[Senate of Somalia|Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya]] iyo Senator tan iyo Janaayo 2017. * [[Gaarriye]] (dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), Gabyaa caan ah oo tixay mid ka mid ah gabayada af-Soomaaliga ee ugu caansan mawduuca heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * Jaamac Yuusuf Tamiinlaaye, oo lagu sheegay [[Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list|liiska xubnaha muhiimka ah ee Daraawiishta ee 1916 ee Geoffrey Archer]] * [[Hussain Bisad|Xuseen Bisaad]], mid ka mid ah ragga ugu dheer adduunka, dhererkiisu yahay 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). Wuxuu leeyahay gacanta ugu ballaaran qof kasta oo nool. * [[Ibrahim Dheere|Ibraahim Dheere]], Waxaa loo arkaa bilyaneerka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreeya iyo qofka Soomaaliyeed ee ugu taajirsan adduunka oo leh hanti qiyaastii 1.8 bilyan oo doollarka Maraykanka ah.<ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{cite web |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |title=BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti {{!}} SomalilandInformer |website=www.somalilandinformer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |archive-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> * [[Ismail Ahmed (businessman)|Ismail Ahmed]], milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee [[WorldRemit]] oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha lacagta ee ugu koritaanka badan adduunka waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain.<ref name="Ismael Ahmed"/> * [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal|Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], Siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah. Ra'iisul Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee [[Somali Prime Minister|Soomaaliya]]: 1960, 1967–1969. Madaxweynaha [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * [[Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin|Maxamed Cabdillaahi Kaahin]] 'Ogsadey', Ganacsade Soomaaliyeed oo ku salaysan Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrika ah ee dhoofisa bunka oo urursaday hanti qiyaastii ah $3 Bilyan oo [[Ethiopian Birr|Birta Itoobiya]].<ref name="HIGP">{{cite news|title=Somali Entrepreneurs|url=http://salaanmedia.com/?p=24470|access-date=15 Feb 2018 |newspaper=Salaan Media |date=15 June 2017}}</ref> * [[Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar|Maxamed Cabdullaahi Cumar]], Wasiirkii Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya * [[Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi|Maxamed Xasan Cabdullaahi]], Taliyihii hore ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] * [[Mo Farah|Maxamed Faarax]], ciyaaryahan Ingiriis ah oo haysta afar billadood oo dahab ah oo Olimbikada ah iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Britain. Waxaa kale oo loo arkaa inuu yahay orodyahanka maraykanka ugu fiican adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/10/mo-farah-mother-somaliland |title=Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> *[[Abdi Haybe Laampad|Cabdi Haybe Laampad]] Muusikiiste Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah iyo mid ka mid ah majaajilistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ugu fiican waqti kasta. * [[Mohamed Omar Arte|Maxamed Cumar Carte]], Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * [[Muhammad Hawadle Madar|Maxamed Xawaadle Madar]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya ka billow 3 Sebtembar 1990, ilaa 24 Janaayo 1991. * [[Muse Bihi Abdi|Muuse Bihi Cabdi]], Madaxweynihii shanaad ee [[President of Somaliland|Somaliland]] iyo sarkaal millatari oo hore oo u shaqaynayay duuliye [[Somali Air Force|Ciidanka Cirka ee Soomaaliya]]. * [[Nuh Ismail Tani|Nuux Ismaaciil Tani]], Taliyaha hadda ee [[Somaliland Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland]] *[[Hussein Mohamed Bashe|Xuseen Maxamed Bashe]], Wasiirka Beeraha ee Tanzania iyo xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka ee degmada [[Nzega]] Urban tan iyo 2015. Janaayo 2022, waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Beeraha. * [[Umar Arteh Ghalib|Cumar Carte Galib]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu Soomaaliya galiyey [[ArabLeague|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 intii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969–1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay; macallin iyo gabyaa *[[Saad Ali Shire|Dr. Saad Ali Shire]], siyaasi British-Somali ah, agronomist iyo dhaqaaleyahan, oo hadda ka shaqeynaya Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Somaliland. Shire horay ayuu uga soo shaqeeyay Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Somaliland. Waxa kale oo uu soo noqday Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Horumarinta Qaranka ee Somaliland. * [[Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin|Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Koshin]], Suldaanka guud ee hadda ee beesha [[Issa Musa|Ciise Muuse]]. *[[Mohamed se'ad Geedi|Maxamed Siciid Geedi]], Milkiilaha shirkadda fiilooyinka ugu dhaqsaha badan Geeska Afrika iyo MSG Group ee [[Sa'ad Musa|Sacad Muuse]] *[[Jam'a Omar Seed|Jaamaca Cumar Siciid]], Mid ka mid ah ganacsatada Somaliland iyo Jabuuti ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan xagga soo dejinta alaabta ee [[Ominco Company|Shirkadda Ominco]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} 9tsc36yezqysrdb1sutrdybcet4rcjo Milo 0 32204 312254 295933 2026-11-11T05:29:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Canned Milo In Store.jpg|thumb|right|Milo]] [[File:Milo2016.jpg|thumb|upright|450 g Milo Dasad]] '''Milo sharabka'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=nestlemilo.com.vn |url=https://www.nestlemilo.com.vn/ |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2021-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127124049/https://www.nestlemilo.com.vn/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Cabitaan awood u leh oo caano lagu daro, adduunka oo dhan looga iibiyo cabitaan nafaqo leh, milo waaweyn oo magac leh. ==sido Kale fiiri== 7kxmb878k5rnpgdk0e71lijfcj41qx8 Cabdullaahi Jawaan 0 32271 312200 251943 2026-11-10T23:37:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Abdullahi Abdi Omar <br> عبد الله عبدي عمر|image=Abdullahi Abdi Omar Jawaan.jpg|imagesize=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Somaliland]]|occupation=[[politician]]|nationality=Somaliland|children=|title=}} '''Cabdullaahi Cabdi Cumar "Jawaan"''' ( [[Af-Ingiriisi]] '''Abdullahi Abdi Omar''' , [[Af-Carabi|Af- Carab]]<nowiki/>i ) waa siyaasi reer Somaliland ah waana kii soo saaray [[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland|astaanta qaranka Somaliland]] sanadkii 1996. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://geeska.net/siyaasi-cabdilaahi-jawaan-oo-ka-hadlay-wada-hadalada-somaliya-ee-fashilmay-iyo-goaanka-sucuudiga-ee-dhoofka-xoolaha/ |access-date=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2019-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917104714/https://geeska.net/siyaasi-cabdilaahi-jawaan-oo-ka-hadlay-wada-hadalada-somaliya-ee-fashilmay-iyo-goaanka-sucuudiga-ee-dhoofka-xoolaha/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://somalilandtoday.com/2019/01/27/siyaasi-cabdillaahi-jawaan-oo-naqdiyay-guddi-wasiirro-ah-oo-uu-madaxweyne-muuse-biixi-u-magacaabay-saami-qaybsiga/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://barkulannews.com/articles/10348/Daawo-Cabdilaahi-Jawaan-Oo-Xukumada-Ku-Canaantay-In-Astaanta-Qaranka-Ee-Uu-Isagu-Sameeyay-magaciisa-Lagu-Xusi-Waayo |access-date=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2022-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218072849/https://barkulannews.com/articles/10348/Daawo-Cabdilaahi-Jawaan-Oo-Xukumada-Ku-Canaantay-In-Astaanta-Qaranka-Ee-Uu-Isagu-Sameeyay-magaciisa-Lagu-Xusi-Waayo |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland]] == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Nolol]] [[Category:Soomaali]] gnu35nwwfosmpsogrvk6n69gzpstwoe MIDROC- Ethiopia 0 32645 312246 296151 2026-11-11T04:50:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MIDROC- Ethiopia''' https://www.midroc-ethiopia.com.et/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.midroc-ethiopia.com.et/ |date=20210523133417 }} {{Flag|Ethiopia}} shirkada itoobiya ee shirkada weyn ee midroc, macdanta iyo shidaalka. ==warka== https://web.archive.org/web/20210523133413/https://ethiopianmonitor.com/tag/midroc-ethiopia/ https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Derba%20Midroc {{Wayback|url=https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Derba%20Midroc |date=20210523133413 }} ==sido Kale fiiri== * [[Ethiopia]] 3l4ttus686ayvcmks9cy3lazs1n3mxp Door County, Wisconsin 0 32751 312212 311865 2026-11-11T01:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Door County, Wisconsin |official_name = |settlement_type = County |nickname = |image_skyline = DoorCountyWisconsinCourthouse.jpg |imagesize = 234px |image_caption = Xarunta Dowladda ee Door County ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Map_of_Wisconsin_highlighting_Door_County.svg |mapsize = 234px |map_caption = Door County ee Wisconsin |image_map1 = Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg |mapsize1 = 234px |map_caption1 = Wisconsin ee Mareykanka |pushpin_map = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates_display = |coordinates_region = |subdivision_type = |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |established_date = 1851 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = 2370 |area_land_sq_mi = 482 |area_water_sq_mi = 1888 |area_water_percent = 80 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = |population_est = 2019 |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 27785 |population_rank = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_demonym = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = Area code 920 |timezone = [[Wakhti|CST]] |utc_offset = −06:00 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = −05:00 |latd= |latm= |lat |longd= |longm= |long |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = [http://www.co.door.wi.gov Bogga rasmiga ah ee dowladda] |footnotes = }} '''Door County''' waa degmada ugu fog bariga gobolka Wisconsin ee [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika|Mareykanka]] . Laga soo bilaabo tirakoobkii 2010, tirada dadka ku nool gobolka waxay ahaayeen 27,785.<ref name="QF">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606145801/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/55029.html State & County QuickFacts], ''United States Census Bureau''</ref> Kursiga degmadu waa Sturgeon Bay, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah saddexda [[degmo]] ee Wisconsin ee harada Lake Michigan inaysan yeelan kursi degmo oo isku magac ah. <ref name="GR6">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx Find a County], ''National Association of Counties''</ref> Taabadalkeed waxaa loogu magac daray marinka cidhiidhka ah ee u dhexeeya Jasiiradda Door peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington. Marinka halista ah, ee loo yaqaan Albaabka Dhimashada, waxaa ku jira maraakiib burburay wuxuuna caan ku ahaa dadkii [[Hindida Cas|asalka maraykanka ahaa]] iyo sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska Gobolka waxaa la sameeyay 1851 waxaana la abaabulay 1861. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200214002752/https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/WI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries], ''The Newberry Library''</ref> Degmada Door waa meel caan ah oo loo dalxiis tago. == Taariikhda == === Dhaladka Mareykanka iyo Faransiiska === ==== Halyeeygii Porte des Morts ==== Magaca Door County wuxuu ka yimid Porte des Morts oo macnaheedu yahay ("Albaabka Geerida"), waana marinka udhaxeeya jasiirada Door Peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington Island. <ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States], waxaa qoray Henry Gannett, 1905, U.S. Government Printing Office</ref> Magaca "Albaabka Dhimashada" wuxuu ka yimid sheekooyinka dadkii asalka Mareykanka ahaa, oo ay maqleen sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska waxaana loo daabacay qaab aad loo qurxiyay oo uu daabacay Hjalmar Holand, kaasoo ku tilmaamay duulaan fashilmay oo ay soo qaadeen qabiilka Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) si ay uga qabsadaan Jasiiradda Washington island qabiilka la tartamaya ee Pottawatomi. horaantii 1600. Waxay la xiriirtay markabkii ku burburay marinka dhexdiisa . <ref>Kohl, Cris & Joan Forsberg, ''Shipwrecks at Death's Door'', bogga 10.</ref> === Deegaamayn iyo horumar === ==== Deegaamayntii qarnigii 19aad-20aad ==== [[File:The_Pioneer_Cemetery_at_Peninsula_State_Park..jpg|thumb|Qabrigii Increase Claflin iyo qoyskiisi.]] Qarniyadii 19aad iyo 20aad waxay arkeen socdaalka iyo deegamaysigii hormoodka, badmareenada, kalluumeysatada, dhir jarista, iyo beeraleyda. Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee deeganka daga ee caddaanna wuxuu ahaa Increase Claflin. <ref>''[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wch/id/33982 History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful]'' waxaa qoray Hjalmar Holand, Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1917, bogga 77.</ref> Sannadkii 1851, Degmada Door waxaa laga soocay wixii ka jiray Brown County. <ref name="2030 plan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> 1853, Moravians waxay aasaaseen Efrayim inay yihiin beel diimeed ka dib markii Nils Otto Tank uu is hortaagay isku daygii iyo dib u habeynta lahaanshaha dhulka ee gumeysigii hore ee diimeedka ee u dhowaa Green Bay. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lxCLAFUu2RoC&pg=PA21 Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church], waxaa qoray Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects, Works Progress Administration, 1938, bogga 21 iyo [http://history.rays-place.com/wi/door-ephraim.htm History of Ephraim, Door County, Wisconsin]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Hjalmar R. Holand, 1917</ref> Bulshada Mareykan-Madowga ah iyo jameekaan ku cibaadeysanaya West Harbor oo ku taal Jasiiradda Washington ayaa lagu sheegay 1854. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070202071808/http://www.bleidoorcountytimes.com/blogpage.asp?blogPageId=4 On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; "A Gleam Across the Wave"], ''Norman Blei Door County Times'', Diisambar 20, 2006 (archived from the original)''</ref> Sidoo kale sanadkii 1854 xafiiskii boosto ee ugu horreeyay gobolka ayaa laga furay, Jasiiradda Washington. <ref>''[https://dokumen.pub/going-for-the-mail-a-history-of-door-county-post-offices-0964149931.html Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices]'' waxaa qoray James B. Hale, Brown County Historical Society: Green Bay, WI. 1996. Full text on dokumen.pub</ref> Sanadkii 1855, afar qof oo Irish ah ayaa si kama 'ah uga tagtay doontii ay saaraayeen, taasoo horseeday dejinta iyo deegamaynta meesha hadda loo yaqaan Forestville. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054804/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Forestville%20Comp%20Plan%202009.pdf Village of Forestville Comprehensive Plan], Sebtember 11th, 2009, bogagga 14–16 ee dukumintiga</ref> Qarnigii 19aad, soogalooti baaxad weyn oo ka socda Walloons-ka [[Beljim|Beljamka]] ayaa soo degay gobol yar oo ku yaal qaybta koonfureed ee gobolka,<ref name="Soucek 2011">[https://books.google.com/books?id=dPl-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof] waxaa qoray G. Soucek, 2011</ref> oo ay ku jirto aagga loo qoondeeyey inay tahay Degmada Taariikheed ee Namur. Waxay dhiseen votive chapels, qaarkoodna ilaa maanta la isticmaalo, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/small-sacred-spaces-preserved/ Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', May 1, 2009, [https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County] {{Wayback|url=https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ |date=20210624200700 }}, ''Door County Visitor Bureau'' iyo [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?msa=0&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=44.7283540095412%2C-87.50432131385733&spn=0.341371%2C0.583649&z=10&source=embed&mid=12Ose-DUL7MCyf8vnE4rKSBZspG0 Wisconsin Belgian Roadside Chapels] in Google Maps</ref> waxayna dhaqammo kale ka keeneen Yurub sida xafladda iida harvest festival ee Kermiss. <ref>Holand, Hjalmar Rued, Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County, [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/USAIN/BelgComm/reference/wi.belgcomm.i0013.pdf Chapter VII Belgian Characteristics and Customs], bogga 82 ff, 1933. See also the [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.BelgComm Table of Contents] for the entire book.</ref> Markii la meel mariyay Homestead Act of 1862 (Sharciga Guryaha ee 1862), dadku waxay iibsan karayeen 80 hektar oo dhul ah $18 oo keliya haddii ay degaan dhulka, hagaajiyaan, oo ay beeraha beertaan muddo shan sano ah. Tani waxay ka dhigtay degitaanka degmada Door mid la awoodi karo. Markii [[Dab|dabkii]] Peshtigo ee 1871 uu gubay magaalada Williamsonville, lixdan qof ayaa ku dhintay. Aagga ay masiibadani hadda ka dhacday waa Tornado Memorial County Park, oo loogu magac daray dab-damiskii kaas oo halkaas ka dhacay. <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1990/reference/wi.wt1990.jmmoran.pdf Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, Oktoobar 8, 1871] waxaa qoray Joseph M. Moran iyo E. Lee Somerville, 1990, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 31 bogagga</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/fire-took-williamsonville/ The Fire That Took Williamsonville], waxaa qoray Justin Skiba, ''Door County Living'' Sebtember 2, 2016 </ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055040/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/Tornado.pdf Tornado Memorial Park] kiosk historical notes, also see [http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf bogga 19] {{Wayback|url=http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf |date=20210624200537 }} ee County C Park and Ride lot panel draft pdf</ref> Isku soo wada duuboo, 128 qof oo ka tirsan gobolka ayaa ku halaagmay oo ku nafwaayey dabkii Peshtigo. <ref name="2030 plan2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> Dabkii iyo masiibadii ka dib, qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ayaa go'aansaday inay isticmaalaan leben halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen alwaax. <ref>[https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&context=etd Brick by Brick: A Comparative pXRF Analysis of Brickworks and Structures in the Belgian-American Community ee Door Peninsula] waxaa qoray Lisa Marie Zimmerman, unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 2013 iyo [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89065971202&view=1up&seq=169 Old World Wisconsin: around Europe in the Badger State] waxaa qoray Fred L. Holmes. E. M. Hale and Company, 1944, bogga 163 (169 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1885 ama 1886, waxaa laga aasaasay waxa hadda loo yaqaan Saldhigga Ilaalada Xeebaha ee Sturgeon Bay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055046/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Transportation_Profile_DRAFT.pdf II. Transportation Profile Draft], waxaa qoray the Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup, bogga 5 ee pdf</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080925200639/http://uscg.mil/history/stations/STURGEONBAYCANAL.pdf Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin], ''United States Coast Guard History Program'', United States Coast Guard</ref> Saldhigga yar ee xilliyada-qaar furan ee Jasiiradda Washington isna waxaa la aasaasay 1902. <ref name="WashingtonIsland">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025025700/http://www.uscg.mil/d9/sectlakemichigan/STAWashingtonIslandUO.pdf USCG Station Washington Island], United States Coast Guard</ref> Markii muddada deegaamayntu socotey, Dhaladka Mareykanka waxay ahayeen dad laga tiro badanyahay oo ku nool jasiirada Door County . Tirakoobkii sanadkii 1890-kii wuxuu sheegay 22 Hindi ah oo ku nool Degmada jasiirada Door. Iyagu way is taageereen, waxay ku xirnaayeen canshuur, mana helin raashin. <ref>[https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v10-30.pdf Total Indian Population as of Juun 1, 1890] ''Bureau of the Census'', bogga 1 ee pdf.</ref> Markii la gaadhay tirakoobkii sanadkii 1910-kii tiradoodu waxay hoos ugu dhacday ilaa sagaal qof. <ref>Table 7. Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, For Counties and For Cities of 25,000 or More: 1920, 1920, and 1900. [https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/06229686v44-49ch5.pdf Fourteenth Census of the United States: State Compendium: Wisconsin] ''Bureau of the Census'', 1925, bogga 33 (bogga 35 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1894-kii ayaa Ahnapee iyo Western Railway lagu soo kordhiyay Sturgeon Bay. Sannadkii 1969-kii, tareen ayaa woqooyiga Algoma kasoo gali jiray gobolka markii ugu dambaysay, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-ahnapee-western-railway/ The Rise and Fall of the Ahnapee & Western Railway] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. iyo Patty Williamson, ''Door County Living'' Nofeembar 15, 2011</ref> in kastoo tareenno dheeri ah oo koonfurta ka yimaada ay ka shaqayn jireen ilaa iyo sanadkii 1986 <ref name="Mailer">''Green Bay & Western The First 111 Years'' waxaa qoray Mailer, Stan, Hundman Publishing, 1989</ref> ==== Dalxiis-yadii Hore ==== [[File:Excursion party on Sailor Boy.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo qaatay kaarka boostada lagu calaamadeeyay [[1906]] ee Sturgeon Bay]] [[File:Cedar_Glen,_one_of_themany_free_tourists%27_camp_sites_in_Peninsula_State_Park,_Door_County,..._(NBY_562).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Kaadh boosta [[1924]]]] [[File:Children enjoy picking cherries in Door County orchards.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo bilaabo buug-yaraha xayaysiinta ee sanadkii [[1914]]-kii, cinwaan ayaa loo tarjumay "Carruurtu waxay ku raaxaystaan ​​inay soo goostaan ​​canabka beeraha ee Degmada Door"]] Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii [[1865]]-kii illaa sanadkii [[1870]]-kii, seddex hudheel dalxiis ayaa laga dhisay gudaha iyo hareeraha Sturgeon Bay iyo mid kale oo ku yaal Fish Creek. Hal meel oo dalxiis oo weyn ayaa laga aasaasay sanadkaa [[1870]], iyadoo qiimaheedu ahaa $7.50 asbuucii (oo u dhiganta $150 sanadka [[2020]]). In kasta oo qiimaha ay ku jirto saddex cunto oo maalinle ah, haddana lacag dheeri ah ayaa lagu soo rogay oo ah kireynta fardaha, oo sidoo kale laga heli karo bajaajleyda iyo wadayaasha baabuurta. <ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/title/door-county-wisconsins-peninsular-jewel/oclc/767578020 Door County Wisconsin's Peninsular Jewel] waxaa qoray Bruce Thomas, [[1993]], bogagga 33–34, iyo 41, also see the inflation calculator from [https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 measuringworth.com] {{Wayback|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 |date=20210624202745 }}</ref> Ka sokow joogitaanka hudheelada, dalxiisayaashu waxay kaloo degi jireen guryo gaar loo leeyahay. Dalxiisayaashu waxay booqan jireen qaybta woqooyi ee gobolka iyagoo raaca markabo yaryar oo rakaaba kuwaaso loo yaqaan 'Great Lakes', mararka qaarna waxay qayb ka yihiin harada dalxiis ee ay ku jiraan muusikada iyo madadaalada. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071189941&view=1up&seq=5 Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County, Wisconsin, Volume 2] waxaa qoray Arthur C. iyo Lucy F. Frederickson, Frankfort, Michigan, [[1963]], bogga 3 (bogga 5 ee pdf)</ref> Gaaritaanka jasiiradda peninsula marka laga soo tago Chicago waxay qaadanjirtey saddex maalmood. Hawada ku hareeraysan bulshooyinka beeralayda ayaa ahayd mid fiican oo aan lahayn kulayl iyo wasakh maxaa yeelay dalagyada miraha ayaa si tartiib ah ugu bislaan jirey cimilada qabow waxaana la goosan jiray miraha dabayaaqada sanadka. Tani waxay ka hor tagtay xilliyadii dambe ee dalaga la goosan jirey. Tani waxay si gaar ah u soo jiidatay dadka qaba cudurka sanboorka ee magaalada ku noola. <ref name="Hart2">Hart, John Fraser. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/214100 Resort Areas in Wisconsin]. ''Geographical Review 74''(2) [[1984]], bogagga 206, 207, iyo 198–200 iyo [https://archive.org/stream/americanbeejourn411901hami/#page/597/mode/1up A Bee-keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray C. F. Dadant, Sebtember 19, [[1901]] in ''American Bee Journal 41''(38): Chicago, bogga 957</ref> Wadooyinka waaweyn ee la hagaajiyay ee dhagaxa laga jajabiyey waxay fududeeyeen dalxiisyadii gawaarida horaantii sanadkii1900. <ref name="2030 plan3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1909 ugu yaraan 1,000 dalxiisayaal ah ayaa soo booqan jirey sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t7br8sm8w&view=1up&seq=47 State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board], waxaa qoray John Nolen, 1909, bogga 31 (bogga 47 ee pdf)</ref> Sanadkii 1938 Jens Jensen wuxuu ka digay saamaynta dhaqan xumo ee dalxiisayaasha imanaya. Wuxuu qoray, "Degmada Door si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u burburiyeen nacasyada lacagta wata. Ganacsigan dalxiisku wuxuu burburinayaa dhaqankii yaraa ee jiray. " <ref>quotation taken from the Green Bay Press Gazette, Juun 15, 1938 on bogga 194 of ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=%22Door+County+is+slowly+being+ruined+by+the+stupid+money+crazed+fools.+This+tourist+business+is+destroying+the+little+bit+of+culture+that+was%22&source=bl&ots=V-ABxYH-kU&sig=ACfU3U0CEeGR5CDXZrbAKxG747cPVRRtqA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHjpmjoMDmAhVXBc0KHT79CgAQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Door%20County%20is%20slowly%20being%20ruined%20by%20the%20stupid%20money%20crazed%20fools.%20This%20tourist%20business%20is%20destroying%20the%20little%20bit%20of%20culture%20that%20was%22&f=false Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park]'' waxaa qoray William H. Tishler, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> ==== Xoojinta Beeraha ==== Sannadkii 1865, hawlgalkii ugu horreeyay ee miro ganacsi ayaa la aasaasay markii canab lagu beeray mid ka mid ah Jasiiradaha Strawberry. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii1895, waxaa la aasaasay xanaanada dhirta miraha waaweyn oo midho-dhalinta khudradda si xoog leh loo dallacsiiyay. Maaha beeraleyda oo keliya laakiin xitaa ragga "magaalada lagu soocay" waxaa lagu booriyay inay u tixgeliyaan beerashada miraha sida shaqada oo kale. Midkii ugu horreeyay ee iskaashatooyin ah kuwaaso suuq geyn u leh miro badan ayaa la bilaabay 1897. Marka lagu daro geedaha ay maamulaan shirkaduhu, 1910 shirkaddii ugu horreysay waxaa loo aasaasay inay beerto oo iibiso geedo hore loo aasaasay. In kasta oo geedaha tufaaxu ka horreeyeen geedaha canabka, haddana sanadkii 1913 waxaa la soo sheegay in canabku uu dhaafay tufaaxa. <ref name="Cain">[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005752947 The Development of Apple Horticulture in Wisconsin, 1850s-1950s: Case Studies of Bayfield, Crawford, and Door Counties], Chapter 4, Door County Apple Horticulture waxaa qoray Cain, Cortney, M.A. thesis, UW-Madison, May 2006</ref> ==== Canabka, ilaha shaqada dalagga ==== Haweenka iyo carruurta ayaa sida caadiga ah loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo guraan miraha , laakiin shaqada la hayo ayaa ka sarreysa sahayda shaqaalaha. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1918, way adkeyd in la helo caawimaad ku filan si loo soo qaado dalagyada miraha, sidaa darteed shaqaalaha waxaa keenay YMCA iyo Boy Scouts of America. Soo qaadista canabka waxaa loo suuq geyn jiray sidii nashaadaad xagaaga ah oo wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay wiilasha dhalinyarada ah si loogu celiyo qolka, guddiga, iyo howlaha madadaalada. Hal beerood ayaa ciyaartoy ka kirestay Green Bay Packers iyagoo ah la taliyayaasha kaamka. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, xubno ka socda Oneida Nation ee Wisconsin iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee asalka ah ayaa loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo qaadaan miraha canabka. <ref>[https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/68290/Bankston%20Jarocki%20Miller.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Geography of Apple Orchards in Wisconsin: Examining the Core of Cultivation] {{Wayback|url=https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/68290/Bankston%20Jarocki%20Miller.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |date=20210721041056 }} waxaa qoray Kody Bankston, Morgan Jarocki, iyo Adrienne Miller, unpublished student paper, UW-Madison, 2012</ref> <ref>[https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ Migrant Labor and Door County Cherries] {{Wayback|url=https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ |date=20220223190334 }} waxaa qoray Emily Irwin, Luulyo 1, 2017</ref> Mushaharkooda ka sokow, qoysaska Dhaladka Mareykanka ah waxaa la siiyay miro u bisil suuqgaynta, oo ay keydiyeen una keydsadeen adeegsiga muddada dheer. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9fHADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 Good Seeds: A Menominee Indian Food Memoir] waxaa qoray Thomas Pecore Weso, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2016, bogga 29</ref> Xero lagu ilaaliyo dadka rayidka ah ayaa laga sameeyay [[Peninsula State Park]] intii lagu jiray Murugada Weyn. Xilligii xagaaga ee sanadkii 1945, Fish Creek waxay ahayd goob xero POW ah oo hoos tagta xero ku taal Fort Sheridan, Illinois. <ref>Mariah Goode. "[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-harvest-of-1945/ The Harvest of 1945: German POW Camps Filled Door County's Labor Shortage]". ''Door County Pulse'', Luulyo 1, 2005.</ref> <ref>cheyenne Lentz. "[https://www.wpr.org/story-wisconsins-german-pows-piece-hidden-history-author-says Story Of Wisconsin's German POWs Is A Piece Of Hidden History, Author Says]". ''Wisconsin Public Radio'', Juun 23, 2015.</ref> <ref>Damien Jaques. "[https://onmilwaukee.com/myOMC/authors/damienjaques/vicfarm12.html Cherry picking with German POWs in Door County]". ''On Milwaukee'', Luulyo 9, 2012.</ref> [[Jarmalka|Maxaabiista Jarmalka]] ah waxay ku mashquulsanaayeen mashaariic dhismo, qoryo ayey dhisi jareen, waxayna soo gurteen canabka Jasiiradda Peninsula State Park iyo nawaaxigeeda. <ref name="Tishler 2006">[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA154 Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park], Tishler, W.H., University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> Intii lagu gudajiray shaqo joojin kooban, POWs ayaa diiday inay shaqeeyaan. Jawaabta ayay ilaalayaashu dejiyeen siyaasad "shaqo majiro, waxna ha cunin" waxayna ku noqdeen shaqadoodii, iyaga oo ka guraya 11 baal maalin walba ugu dambayntiina isku darka waxay gaarayaan 508,020 pails. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zD-kby0LiuEC&pg=PA240 Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WW II Prisoner-of-war Camps], waxaa qoray Betty Cowley, Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books, 2002, Section on Camp Sturgeon Bay 1945, bogagga 240 iyo 243</ref> Adeegga Shaqaalaynta ee Gobolka Wisconsin wuxuu xafiis ka sameeyay degmada Door sanadkii 1949 si uu u goro [[Texas|Tejanos]] si uu u soo qaado miraha canabka. Shaqadu waxay ahayd mid aan la saadaalin karin, maadaama goosashada miraha canabku ay liidatay sanadaha qaarkood shaqaaluhuna lagu siin jiray qadarka ay soo saareen. Sannadkii 1951, Waaxda Daryeelka Dadweynaha ee Wisconsin waxay samaysay daraasad lagu diiwaan gelinayo isku dhaca u dhexeeya shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah iyo dalxiisayaasha, kuwaas oo ka xumaaday joogitaanka qoysaska muhaajiriinta ah ee aagagga fasaxa dadweynaha. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VXg3DwAAQBAJ Mexicans in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray Sergio González, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2017</ref> Liiska talooyinka ayaa loo diyaariyey si loo hagaajiyo xiriirka jinsiyadaha. <ref>The list is found on bogagga 51 ff of [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89096552690&view=1up&seq=51 Migrant agricultural workers in Door County] waxaa qoray Division for Children and Youth, State Department of Public Welfare, Wisconsin, 1951</ref> Shaqaalaynta muhaajiriinta ayaa sii socota ilaa maanta. Sannadkii 2013, waxaa gobolka ka jiray saddex xero shaqo oo muhaajiriin ah, oo ay ku noolyihiin wadar ahaan 57 xoogsato iyo xoogsade ka shaqeeya iyo shan qof oo aan shaqaale ahayn. <ref>[https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf Developing Strategies to Improve Farm Labor Camp Housing Policy in Massachusetts] {{Wayback|url=https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf |date=20210721041341 }}, waxaa qoray Daniel MacVeigh-Fierro Samantha Ricci Damani Walder, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston Project Center B.S. Interactive Qualifying Project, bogga 65 (bogga 79 ee pdf)</ref> ==== Dhacdooyinkii qarnigii 20 –aad-21aad ==== Sannadkii 1905, ''Lilly Amiot'' wuxuu ku sugnaa Ellison Bay waxana uu saarnaa xamuul siday shidaal markii uu dab qabsaday. Ka dib markii la gooyay dabacsan, wuu rogmaday ilaa uu ka qarxayey; qaraxa waxaa laga maqlay meel 15 mayl u jirta goobta. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CBCcye0n6IC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41 Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan] waxaa qoray Benjamin J. Shelak, Black Earth, Wisconsin: Trails Books, 2003, bogga 41</ref> Sannadkii 1912, duuliye diyaaradeed Lincoln Beachey ayaa soo bandhigay biplanekiisa intii lagu gudo jiray carwadii degmada; tan waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay duullimaadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku dega gobolka. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl iyo Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 5 (bogga 11 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1913, ''The Old Rugged Cross'' waxaa markii ugu horraysay ee laga heesay Kaniisadda loo yaqaan Saaxiibbada ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay iyada oo ay wada socdaan laba daaci oo socdaal ah. <ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay]''by Heidi Hodges and Kathy Steebs, Charleston, North Carolina: The History Press, 2018, bogga 113</ref> Sannadkii 1919-kii, tartankii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan 'Hydro-Navy hydrogen balloon' waxaa ku guuleystay koox ciidan ah oo buufinkoodu ku dhacday marinka Albaabka Dhimashada. Laba askari ayaa u adkeystay mowjado 10-cag ah saacad ka hor inta aanu badbaadin nin kalluumeysato ah. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl and Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 13 (bogga 19 ee pdf) and [https://books.google.com/books?id=XHvCTAFtLIsC&pg=RA1-PA33&dq=%22First+Army-Navy+Balloon+Race%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzb7i997mAhVJZc0KHa9lBCQQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=%22First%20Army-Navy%20Balloon%20Race%22&f=false U.S. Air Services, Volumes 2–4], bogga 33</ref> Sannadkii 1925-kii, lo ku nool Horseshoe Bay oo la yiraahdo Aurora Homestead Badger ayaa soo saartay 30,000 oo rodol oo caano ah, xilligaas oo taasi noqotay rikoor caalami ah oo lo'da caanaha laga helo ah. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/horseshoe-bay-farms/ Horseshoe Bay Farms Still Stands Tall] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr., ''Door County Living'' May 1, 2013</ref> Bishii Juun ee sanadkiii1938, sawirro hawada laga qaaday ayaa laga qaaday gobolka oo dhan; sanadkii 2011 sawirada waxaa lasoo geliyay internetka. <ref>They are available from the [https://maps.sco.wisc.edu/WHAIFinder/#9/44.9162/-87.5226 WHAIFinder] application, for reference see [https://www.sco.wisc.edu/2011/02/23/wisconsin-historic-aerial-photographs-now-available-online/ Wisconsin historic aerial photographs now available online] waxaa qoray Howard Veregin, ''Wisconsin Geospatial News'', Febraayo 23, 2011</ref> 1941, Dugsiga Xirfadaha ee Sturgeon Bay ayaa la furay. Hadda waa xerada Sturgeon Bay ee Northeast Wisconsin Technical College. Bishii Diseembar ee sanadkii1959, ''Bridgebuilder X'' ayaa la waayey ka dib markii uu ka tegey xero markab oo ku taal Sturgeon Bay halkaas oo lagu hagaajiyey. Meelaha loogu tala galay in la tago waxay ahaayeen Northport iyo South Fox Island. Waxyaabaha suurtagalka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa la'aanta ballastiis iyo horumar lama filaan ah oo hirarka 11-cagood ah. Mid ka mid ah labada shaqaale ayaa meydkiisa la helay xagaagii xigay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065910/https://upnorthlive.com/news/neighborhood/more-mysteries-in-the-great-lakes More Mysteries in the Great Lakes] (Archived Febraayo 7, 2020) waxaa qoray Meghan Morelli, ''WPBN-TV'', Diisambar 14, 2012, also see [https://web.archive.org/web/20191123101947/https://michiganmysteries.com/missing-ships/1959-bridgebuilder-x/ 1959 Bridgebuilder X] (Archived Nofeembar 23, 2019) waxaa qoray Ross Richardson, ''Michigan Mysteries''</ref> Sannadkii 2004, degmadu waxay billowday [[Magaalada mataano|xiriir magaalooyin walaasheed]] la leh Jingdezhen oo ku yaal koonfur-bari [[Shiinaha]]. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-county-and-jingdezhen-china/ Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2004, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> == Juqraafiga == Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka, gobolka wuxuu leeyahay aag guud oo dhan {{Convert|2370|sqmi}} , oo ka mid ah {{Convert|482|sqmi}} waa dhul iyo {{Convert|1888|sqmi}} (80%) waa biyo. <ref name="GR1">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt 2010 Census Gazetteer Files], United States Census Bureau, Ogosto 22, 2012</ref> Waxana uu noqonaya degmada ugu weyn Wisconsin marka loo eego wadarta aagagga. Degmadu waxay leedahay {{Convert|298|miles|meters}} oo xeeb ah, taas oo guud ahaan lagu tilmaamo kala-goynta dhinaca galbeed. Dhinaca bari peat waxaa soo raaca cows iyo xeebo ciid ah ama quruurux ah oo ku yaala hareeraha harada. <ref>[https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf |date=20210604104655 }} waxaa qoray W. J. Geib, Carl Thompson, and H.V. Geib, USDA Bureau of Soils, 1918, bogga 6, (bogga 8 ee pdf)</ref> Sannado badan oo hoos u dhacday heerarka biyaha haradu, ubaxyada ku teedsan xeebta waxay muujineysaa isku-xigsi dhir. Badhtamaha Jasiiraddu inta badan waa dhul fidsan ama rogan oo dhul beereed ah. Waxaa jira saddex biyood oo kala duwan iyo laba nooc oo ilo ah oo ka jira degmada. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200126061420/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c490/eda3b833bb470534ca519baf1c4ce74a54f5.pdf Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite] waxaa qoray M.G. Sherrill Section: "Hydrologic Characteristics of Rock Units," 1978, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047, bogagga 11–12</ref> <ref>[https://uwex.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=5f3157d4ba6049edb4964568f6ab1ff9 Wisconsin Springs: Data], see the four points located in the county on the electronic map, Susan Swanson, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey</ref> Degmadu waxay dabooshaa inta badan Jasiiradda Door. Markii la dhammeeyey kanaalka Maraakiibta ee Sturgeon Bay sanadkii 1881, <ref name="Wardius Wardius 2013">[https://books.google.com/books?id=iVecpMd_5AAC&pg=PA100 Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition], K. Wardius iyo B. Wardius, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2013, 100–25</ref> qeybtii woqooyi ee jasiiraddu waxay noqotay jasiirad macmal ah. <ref>''Great Lakes Island Escapes'' waxaa qoray Maureen Dunphy, chapter on [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1916900 Washington Island, Wisconsin], bogga 64 (bogga 3 ee pdf), Wayne State University Press, 2016</ref> Kanaalkan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu si uun u sababay hoos u dhac ku yimaad shahwada tirada badan ee ku sugan harada badda sababo la xiriira isbeddelada ku dhaca deegaanka biyaha ku jira. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055938/https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/comprehensive-plan-update-2010-adopted1.pdf City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update], 2010, chapter 2 bogga 2 (bogga 14 ee pdf)</ref> Is barbar dhigga woqooyi ee 45aad wuxuu ka kooban yahay "jasiiradda," tanna waxaa lagu xusaa Park Meridian Park. <ref>{[https://www.co.door.wi.gov/746/Meridian-County-Park Meridian County Park], Door County Parks</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide |url=https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Soo-kabashada === Dolomite outcroppings ah ee Escarpment Niagara waxa ay ka muuqdan labada xeebood ee Jasiiradda, laakiin karst qaababka ah Cuesta xigtaa si gaar ah caan u ah dhinaca Green Bay sida arkay at the Blufflands Bayshore. Koofurta Sturgeon Bay soohdintu waxay u kala baxdaa qulqulo hoose oo badan iyada oo aan wejiyada dhagxaanta waaweyn ee la soo bandhigin. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Chapter 8: Central Lake Michigan Coastal Ecological Landscape], subsection on Bedrock Geology from ''The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management.'' Madison: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2015. PUB-SS-1131Q 2015, bogga J-5 (bogga 15 ee pdf)</ref> Godad badan ayaa laga helaa qafiska. <ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/report.pdf Geology and Ground Water in Door County, Wisconsin, with Emphasis on Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite] waxaa qoray M. G. Sherrill, United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047. 1978, locations of caves are shown on Plate 1</ref> <ref>[https://www.wisconsinlife.org/story/man-goes-deep-to-explore-preserve-the-hidden-treasures-of-door-countys-caves/ Man Goes Deep To Explore, Preserve The Hidden Treasures Of Door County's Caves], waxaa qoray Joel Waldinger, Oktoobar 14, 2014, ''Wisconsin Life'' PBS</ref> Marka laga soo tago cirifka woqooyi ee jasiiradda, cirifka qayb ahaan hoosta ka sameysan ayaa sameeya jasiiradaha Potawatomi, oo u fidsan Jasiiradda ee Jasiiradda Sare ee Michigan. Kuwani waxaa ugu weyn Jasiiradda Washington. Intooda badani waxay sameystaan Magaalada Washington.<ref>[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf |date=20210624200024 }}, USDA SCS, Diisambar 1978</ref> Kala bixintu waa goob soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay qodista, guryaha, iyo munaaradaha isgaarsiinta. <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0801.pdf The Niagara Escarpment: Inventory Findings 1999–2001 and Considerations for Management. Final Report], Craig Anderson, Eric Epstein, William Smith, Nicole Merryfield, May 2002, Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, bogga 32 (bogga 40 ee pdf)</ref> Goob hore oo dhagax laga qoday oo ku taal xeebta oo shan mayl xaga waqooyi-bari ee Sturgeon Bay hadda waa jardiinooyin degmo. <ref name="Quarry">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200127092530/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/George_PINNEY.pdf George Pinney County Park kiosk information], ''Door County Parks''</ref> [[File:Gfp-wisconsin-whitefish-dunes-top-of-the-dune.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg xagga kore ee Old Baldy bisha Ogosto]] === Dhibco sare === Eskers waa waxa kaliya ee laga helo geeska fog koonfur-galbeed ee gobolka, laakiin drumlins yar iyo weynba moraines sidoo kale sii dhacaan ilaa Jasiiradda. <ref>[https://arcg.is/0D5bvf Wisconsin Geology] electronic map, in the Layer List, "Landforms features (lines)" was selected to show the glacial landforms</ref> 102kii&nbsp;feet sare Brussels Hill <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060255/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Gardner%20Comp%20Plan%20Text%20and%20Maps.pdf Town of Gardner 20 Year Comprehensive Plan], Janaayo 2010, Chapter 5, bogga 15 (bogga 78 ee pdf)</ref> ({{Coord|44.75166|-87.59093|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:hill}}, sare u qaadis 851 feet) waa meesha ugu sarreysa ee gobolka. <ref>[http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf Town of Brussels 2020 Comprehensive Plan] {{Wayback|url=http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf |date=20200113060257 }}, Chapter 2, bogga 30 (bogga 56 ee pdf)</ref> Red Hill Woods ee u dhow waa keynta ugu weyn ee hartay maple-beech aagga. <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Red Hill Woods – Brussels Grassland", bogga 134 (bogga 7 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> Old Baldy ({{Coord|44.920344|-87.20192|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:dune}} ) waa bacaad ciida ugu dheer ee gobolka <ref>[https://www.travelwisconsin.com/article/things-to-do/get-a-birds-eye-view-of-wisconsins-fall-color Get A Bird's Eye View of Wisconsin's Fall Color] waxaa qoray Travel Wisconsin, Sept. 21, 2017</ref> at 93 feet heer ka sarreeya gudubno. <ref>Note that lake level changes from year to year. [https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/parks/name/whitefish/trails.html Whitefish Dunes State Park Trail descriptions], ''Wisconsin DNR'', Maarso 20th 2016, accessed Sebtember 7th, 2019</ref> === Cimilada === Degmadu waxay leedahay [[Cimilada]] qaaradda ee qoyan| cimilo qaaradeed oo qoyan (oo loo yaqaan 'Dfb' oo ku taal [Köppen ) oo leh kuleyl diirran iyo qabow [[baraf]] qabaw. Xogta laga helay Saldhigga Cilmi-baarista Beeraha ee Peninsula ee waqooyiga magaalada Sturgeon Bay waxay bixisay celcelis ahaan heerkulka bil kasta oo in uu u dhexeeyo {{Convert|68.7|F|C}} xagaaga illaa {{Convert|18.0|F|C}} xilliga jiilaalka. Bishii Janaayo 7, 1967 Washington Island waxay heshay 17 inji oo baraf ah, taas oo dejineysa rikoorka degmada ugu weyn ee hal maalin baraf da'o. <ref>[https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/snowfall-extremes/ Wisconsin 1-Day Snowfall Extremes] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/snowfall-extremes/ |date=20210624203407 }}, ''NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information'', Oktoobar 22, 2018</ref> Afar duufaan ayaa ka dhacday intii u dhaxeysay 1844 iyo 1880, iyo lix ka timid 1950 ilaa 1989, laakiin ma jirin wax dhimasho ah oo midkoodna ku dhalatay. Laba waxay ka gudbeen khadka degmada ee Door-Kewaunee. <ref>[https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubs/b100/ A Tornado Climatology for Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubs/b100/ |date=20200919031221 }} waxaa qoray Pamela Naber Knox and Douglas Norgord, ''Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey'' Bulletin 100, 2000, bogga 9 (bogga 17 ee pdf) iyo bogga 13 (bogga 21 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1989 ilaa 2019, waxaa jiray 2 duufaano dheeri ah, oo ay ku jiraan F3 "Door County tornado" oo ku dhacday Egg Harbor 1998. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.731.83&rep=rep1&type=pdf Development of the Door County Supercell on 23 Ogosto 1998] waxaa qoray James R. Jelinek, Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, May 2006</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer waxaa jiray 10 biyo-mareenno u kala dhexeeyay sanadii 1950 iyo 2018. <ref>[https://www.weather.gov/media/grb/climate/severewx/8TORBYCOUNTYDOOR.pdf Door County Tornado Guide], ''weather.gov''</ref> == Soojiidashada == [[File:Winter_Road_-_Shivering_Sands,_Door_Peninsula_(32151198956).jpg|thumb|Wadada isku xirka qoyan ee Shivering Sands, Janaayo 1]] Sannadkii 1905, Theodore Roosevelt wuxuu ku taliyay in aagga Shivering Sands la ilaaliyo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 6, bogga 7, bogga 104 ee pdf</ref> Maanta aaggan waxaa ka mid ah Dunes Whitefish, Kellner's Fen, Shivering Sands complex wet, <ref>[https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Landings_Spring-2012.pdf Landings, Journal of the Door County Land Trust]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Spring 2012, bogagga 6–7</ref> iyo xadiiqada Cave Point County . <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0803.pdf A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes], 2002 (See M-16. Shivering Sands Area on p. 37 ee dukumintiga iyo p. 43 ee pdf)</ref> Hjalmar Holand, oo reer Efrayim ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016754817&view=1up&seq=16 My first eighty years] waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 1957, Twayne Publishers, New York, p. 10 (p. 16 ee pdf)</ref> ayaa kor uqaaday Degmada Door si ay u noqoto meel loo dalxiis tago nuskii hore ee qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay guddi la bilaabay 1927 si loo ilaaliyo loona horumariyo goobaha taariikhiga ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066138504&view=1up&seq=254 Old peninsula days; the making of an American community], Chapter 26, "The Peninsula's County Parks" waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 8th revised edition, 1959, p. 242 and following (p. 254 iyo raacitaanka pdf)</ref> iyo dadaalkan awgiis bulshada taariikhiga ah ee degmada ayaa iibsatay dhulal hada ah beeraha, oo ay kujiraan xadiiqada Tornado , xadiiqada Robert LaSalle, xadiiqada Murphy, xadiiqada Increase Claflin, iyo meesha muqadaska ah ee Ridges . <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-countys-original-historian-hjalmar-r-holand/ Door County's Original Historian: Hjalmar R. Holand] waxaa qoray Steve Grutzmacher, ''Door County Living'', Sebtember 4, 2015</ref> Maanta, inta badan dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka xagaaga dagan waxay ka yimaadaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Milwaukee, [[Chicago]], Madison, Green Bay, [[Minneapolis]] iyo [[Saint Paul]], <ref name="NYTimes20080911">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/greathomesanddestinations/12mark.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss The Cape Cod of the Midwest] waxaa qoray Lyttle, Bethany, Sebtember 11, 2008, ''The New York Times''</ref> in kasta oo dadka degan Illinois ay yihiin kooxda ugu badan labada degmo ee Door iyo koonfurta ka xigta geeska bari ee Wisconsin. <ref>[Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin https://books.google.com/books?id=Z737bhspiloC&pg=PA22], Rebecca L. Schewe, Donald R. Field, Deborah J. Frosch, Gregory Clendenning, iyo Dana Jensen, May 15, 2012, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 22</ref> Sannadkii 2003, cilmi baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee Wisconsin, Degmada Door ay leedahay qaddar dhexdhexaad ah oo ah biyaha gudaha, dhulka kaymaha ah, garoomada ay degmooyinku leeyihiin, iyo masaafada lugta tareenka iyo tiro badan oo garoomo golf ah, ganacsiyo madadaalo ah iyo buuraha barafka dhaadheer iyo xerooyinka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190302172244/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f65/5760fa12dca9766f5b9e98331d7a3bdc209b.pdf Standardizing county-level recreation supply components: A precursor to the Wisconsin SCORP, 2005] Working Paper 03-2 Nofeembar 2003 waxaa qoray Peter Herreid, Dave Marcouiller, and Jeff Prey</ref> In kasta oo ay jiraan xerooyin aad u tiro badan haddana Wisconsin DNR ayaa soo warisay 2006-kii in "baahida loo qabo kaamamku ay aad uga badan tahay tan hadda la bixiyo ee jirta." <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228151140/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/nlakemich.pdf Northern Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Recreation Uses and Opportunities", bogga 119 (bogga 2 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> === Dhul madadaalo === [[File:Potawatomi_Tower_View.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg bisha Ogosto taarikada indha indheynta ee hadda xiran ee ku taal Potawatomi State Park. Jasiiradda yar waa jasiiradda Cirka ee Dunida, oo hore u ahaan jirtay Bug Island. <ref name="islands">[https://doorcountypulse.com/islands-around-us/ Door County's Islands] waxaa qoray Sally Slattery, ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2014</ref> Bidixda bidix waa Cabot Point, oo qayb ka ah aagga loo yaqaan Idlewild, dhanka midigna waxaa ku yaal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee Sturgeon Bay oo ay ka muuqato dhagaxa weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Old Stone Quarry', oo ah kan ugu weyn gobolka.<ref name=Quarry/> Jasiiradda Green Island waxay umuuqataa khad aad u jilicsan oo ku teedsan jihada hore.]] [[File:Nicolet_Bay_Aerial.jpg|thumb|Nicolet Bay oo ku taal [[Peninsula State Park]], Nicolet Beach oo ku taal bartamaha. Tan iyo markii la qaatay bartamihii Sebtember, xeebta badiyaa way madhan tahay.]] Degmada Door waxay hoy u tahay lix jardiinooyin oo gobolka ku yaal. <ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/broadband-high-speed-internet-government-spending/ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more.] waxaa qoray Sarah Ewall-Wice, ''CBS News'' May 21, 2021</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/66938/ Article posted Thursday, Maarso 6, 2014 10:36am] waxaa qoray Jim Lundstrom, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Maarso 6th, 2014</ref> Afar waxay ku yaalliin Peninsula: [[Newport State Park|Xadiiqada Newport State]], waqooyi-bari Ellison Bay; Xadiiqada Peninsula State, oo ku taal bariga Kalluunka Creek; Beerta Gobolka Potawatomi, oo ay weheliso Sturgeon Bay; iyo [[Whitefish Dunes State Park]] oo ku teedsan harada Michigan. Laba waxay ku yaaliin jasiiradaha: [[Rock Island, Wisconsin|Xadiiqada Rock Island State]] iyo Xadiiqada Grand traverse Island State . Xadiiqada Grand Traverse Island State waxaa la aasaasay 1970 waxayna ilaalisaa aragga in ka badan kan {{convert | 5 | acre | ha}} dhul ku yaal Jasiiradda Detroit.<ref>[http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/lands/realestate/documents/05r911071d.pdf Payment of State Aid to Municipalities for the payment year of 2005], Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources</ref> Maaddaama ay ka kooban tahay shan xirmooyin oo aan kala bixin<ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf Hunting & Trapping Map Grand Traverse Island State Park] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf |date=20210624210345 }}, Wisconsin DNR PUB PR-2090, Rev. 9/11/2014</ref> mana jirto marin doomo laga raaco xadiiqadani caadi ahaan lama xayeysiiyo. Marka lagu daro xarumaha dabiiciga ee ku dhex yaal jardiinooyinka gobolka, waxaa jira saddex kale oo ka baxsan jardiinooyinka. Waxaa jira afar Meelood oo Duurjoogta iyo Kalluumeysiga ah<ref>Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Mud Lake Wildlife Area, Reibolts Creek Public Access, and Schuyler Creek State Fishery Area</ref> iyo sidoo kale Aagagga Dabiiciga ah ee Gobolka oo u oggolaanaya marin-u-helidda dadweynaha ee bilaashka ah. <ref name="SNA">[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/NaturalAreas/county.html#Door State natural areas waxaa qoray county], ''Wisconsin DNR'' Janaayo 22, 2019</ref> Ka sokow degmada, <ref>[http://doorcounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=b745a6c3b54640a097199de19d2aaa4d Interactive map of State and County Parks]</ref> magaalada, iyo jardiinooyinka bulshada, <ref>[https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/departments/parks___recreation/park_facilities.php Park facilities], ''City of Sturgeon Bay''</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/far-from-the-madding-crowd-liberty-grove-town-parks/ Far From the Madding Crowd: Liberty Grove Town Parks]</ref> waxaa ku yaal xerada kormeerka wiilka, xero kiristaan ah, <ref>[https://www.ccca.org/assnfe/CompanySearch.asp?MODE=DETAIL&COID=856&PAGENUM=5 Camp Zion] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ccca.org/assnfe/CompanySearch.asp?MODE=DETAIL&COID=856&PAGENUM=5 |date=20210624202545 }} listing in the CCCA campgrounds directory, accessed Diisambar 10th, 2019</ref> iyo goob dadweyne oo ay maamusho Xarunta Qadiimiga ah. <ref>[https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf Ice Age Trail Guidebook 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf |date=20210721040925 }}, Points of interest: Cardy Paleo-Indian Camp Archaeological Site, p. 353 (p. 6 ee pdf)</ref> <ref name="Cardy">[https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 Life During The End Of The Ice Age: The Cardy site could inform archaeologists about how humans dealt with a challenging environment.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 |date=20220223203808 }}, ''American Archaeology Vol. 14'', No. 3, Fall 2010</ref> Aaminaad dhul oo maxalli ah ayaa ka shaqeysa 14 jardiinooyin oo gaar loo leeyahay oo u furan dadweynaha, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180410164615/http://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/ Explore Our Preserves], ''Door County Land Trust''</ref> iyo 3,277.3 hektar (1326.3 ha) oo ka mid ah dhulal gaar loo leeyahay ayaa u furan dadweynaha ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga, socodka, aragga iyo ciyaaraha barafka ee waddamada Barnaamijka Kaymaha la maamula. <ref>Lands enrolled in the tax program are shown on the [https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl DNR Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation] {{Wayback|url=https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl |date=20210629033503 }} interactive map and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222022053/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/ForestLandowners/documents/MFLAcreSummaryMun.pdf Managed Forest Law 2019 Acreage Summary Report by Municipality] waxaa qoray Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Febraayo 25, 2019, p. 17</ref> === Xeebaha === Marka lagu daro harada Lake Michigan iyo Green Bay labadaba, waxaa jira 54 xeebood oo dadweyne ah ama dayactir ubaahan <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf Map of Door County Beaches on Lake Michigan] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf |date=20210721040907 }} and [https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=55235cfdfe374ba8ad22fc39a03cb522 Wisconsin's Great Lake Public Access Guide], electronic map</ref> iyo 39 goobood oo laga bilaabayo kayak.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711231351/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/8619/bike-map_2016_digital.pdf Bicycle and other silent sports map 2016], Door County Visitor Bureau</ref> 35 xeeb ayaa si joogto ah loola socdaa dakana loogala taliyaa tayada biyaha. <ref>[https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: Wisconsin Beach Advisories] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: |date=20210118014302 }} on the Wisconsin Beach Health website; counties are located in the dropdown menu</ref> In kasta oo Degmada Door ay ku yar tahay maalmaha qoraxdu badan tahay gobollada badankood ee Wisconsin iyo Illinois, haddana sidoo kale waxay leedahay roobab yar iyo heerkulka xagaaga oo hooseeya, <ref>Ka eeg khariidada xagga hoose ee [https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/county/wisconsin/door Door County, Wisconsin, - Sperling's BestPlaces], Diisambar 12, 2019 ''Bestplaces.net''</ref> taas oo ka dhigaysa jawiga Qoori|ugu habboon ee xeebta tagaya. === Harooyinka iyo balliyada === Marka laga reebo harada Michigan iyo Green Bay, waxaa jira 25 harooyin, balliyo, ama marsooyin iyo 37 webi, durdurro, iyo ilo ka tirsan gobolka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070608/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%204%20-%20Agricultural%20%26%20Natural%20Resources%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030: Chapter 4, Agricultural and Natural Resources], p. 20 ee pdf, Tables 4.15 and 4.16</ref> === Dhul qoyan === 4,631 [[Hektar|ha]] (11,400 hektar) oo ka mid ah dhulka qoyan ee Door Peninsula Coast ayaa ku hoos qoran Heshiiska Ramsar oo ah dhul qoyan oo muhiimad caalami ah leh. <ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/news/united-states-designates-its-37th-ramsar-site United States designates its 37th Ramsar Site], Abriil 27, 2015, khariidada dhulka qoyan eeg Figure 2-28. Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands Ramsar Site khariidada waxaa qoray Door County Planning Department, May 2014 in the [https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_07092020-668 Luulyo 9, 2020 Land Conservation Committee Agenda], bogga 83</ref> Liiska waxaa ku jira saddex aag oo horay loogu aqoonsan jiray "Wetland Gems." === Xilliga === In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii sanadkii dad gaadha 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaala oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo ay jiraan in ka badan 2.1 milyan oo soo booqdayaal ah sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankoodu waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka oo dhan, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau2019">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> == Dalxiiska == In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii dad gaadhaya 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaal ah oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo in ka badan 2.1 milyan ay soo booqdaan sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankooda waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau20192">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> Dhaqaalaha Degmada Door wuxuu la mid yahay kan gobolada Bayfield, Iron, Oneida, Sawyer, iyo Vilas. Lixdaan degmo oo ku yaala waqooyiga Wisconsin ayaa waxaa loo kala saaray inay leeyihiin "dalxiis la xiriira keymaha" oo ku saleysan dhaqaalo. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.46.6962&rep=rep1&type=pdf Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons] waxaa qoray Martin Shields and Steven C. Deller, CCED Staff Paper # 96.7, Oktoobar 1996, bogagga 11 and 16 (bogagga 13 and 19 ee pdf)</ref> Falanqeyn la isbarbar dhigayo xogta 1999 ee xulashada gobolada Wisconsin ayaa lagu ogaaday in Degmada Door ay si gaar ah ugu xoogan tahay tafaariiqda dhismaha iyo qalabka, raashinka, dharka iyo qalabka, tafaariiqda ee kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale maqaayadaha. Adeegyada, waxay ugu xoog badnaayeen madadaalo, filim, iyo madadaalo iyo hoy. Degmada Door waxay ka heshay dheeri maaliyadeed dhammaan qaybaha oo dhan dhammaan gobollada kale, marka laga reebo alaabta guriga & qalabka guryaha lagu iibiyo, taas oo Door County ay ku sii daatay iibinta gobollada kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200117233651/https://tind-customer-agecon.s3.amazonaws.com/e53d44a6-0aab-43f7-94f8-42915c7d9d1c?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27stpap428.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAXL7W7Q3XHXDVDQYS&Expires=1579307811&Signature=pKiLzQjlbdIURp9C0VHE4xL4zGc%3D Trade Area Analysis of Select Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller, Ogosto 2001, Staff Paper No. 428, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Staff Paper Series. Archived Janaayo 17, 2020</ref> Sanadkii 2015-kii, ururada farshaxanka iyo doorka ee Door County waxay qarashgareeyeen $9.7 milyan, taas oo 70.9% kamid ah lagu kharash gareeyay gudaha, marka lagu daro $15.0 milyan oo ay bixiyeen ka soo qaybgalayaashu kuwasoo ahaa dad lagu qiyaasay 1,582 mutadawiciin ah, waxayna ugu talogaleen fanka iyo ururada dhaqanka celcelis ahaan 35.7 saacadood midkiiba. Sanadkii 2015, 194,424 qof ayaa kaqeybgalay fanka iyo munaasabadaha dhaqanka ee gobolka, 78.0% kamid ah dadka aan deegaanka aheyn. Sannadkii 2016-kii, celceliska kaqeybgaleyaasha dhacdooyinka farshaxanka ee gobolka wuxuu kharash gareeyay $28.96, halka celcelis ahaan qofka aan dalka degganeyn uu ku qaatay $90.53. Sanadkii 2016ka, 50.6% dadka aan deegaanka aheyn ayaa sheegay in munaasabada fanka ay aheyd sababta koowaad ee ay ugu safreen gobolka. 66.0% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha deganayaasha degmada 2016 waxay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn, halka 48.6% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha aan deganeyn ay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn. <ref>[https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/aep5/PDF_Files/NationalFindings_StatisticalReport.pdf Arts and Economic Prosperity 5, National Statistical Report] waxaa qoray Americans for the Arts, bogagga B–25, B–73, B–189, B–205, B–333, B–365, B–381, B–413, B–445 (bogagga 57, 105, 221, 237, 365, 397, 413, 445, and 477 ee pdf)</ref> === Xilliga shaqada iyo guryaha === Heerarka shaqo la'aanta ee jasiirada Door County inta lagu jiro xilliga kuleylaha iyo deyrta ayaa aad uga hooseeya xilliga qaboobaha. <ref>[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WIDOOR9URN Monthly Unemployment Rate for Door County, WI, 1991-2019], garaaf ka FRED Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019.</ref> <ref>[https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf Year 2025 Comprehensive Plan Town of Nasewaupee Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf |date=20210624203746 }}, Sebtember 2003, bogga 117 ee pdf, Figure 6-1</ref> Dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee Degmada Door caadi ahaan wuu kayaryahay shaqooyinka lamidka ah meelaha kale ee Wisconsin. Tan waxaa loo aaneeyay dabeecadda xilliyeed ee inta badan shaqada. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 2009-kii, waxaa la ogaaday in dadku ay 4.85 jeer ay u badan tahay in laga shaqaaleeyo hoteellada iyo mootooyinka ku yaal jasiirada Door County oo ka soo horjeedda qaranka intiisa kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180201083553/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Sectors/documents/DellerEconomicImpacts0324.pdf The Economic Impacts of Agriculture in Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller and David Williams.</ref> 22.0% oo ka mid ah 13,728 shaqaale ah ayaa sanadkii 2018 ka shaqeeyay waaxda firaaqada iyo soo-dhawaynta ee gobolka, in ka badan qaybaha kale. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah shaqooyinka firaaqada iyo martigelinta uma muuqdaan kuwo si fiican loo helo, waxay kasbadeen kaliya 12.9% dhammaan mushaharka laga helo degmada. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha waxsoosaarka waxay heleen 24.5% mushaharka labixiyay sanadkii 2018, inkasta oo ay kaliya ka dhigteen 17.0% shaqaalaha. Tani waa inkasta oo celceliska mushaarka sanadlaha ah ee xilliga firaaqada iyo soodhaweynta ay yihiin 109.3% celceliska mushaarka gobolka ee xilliga firaaqada iyo martigalinta sanadkii 2018. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya wax soo saarka waxay heleen 86.7% celceliska mushaharka gobolka ee wax soo saarka. Mushaharka degmada Door ayaa celcelis ahaan gobolka u soo saaray qayb kasta marka laga reebo xilliga firaaqada iyo martigelinta <ref>[https://jobcenterofwisconsin.com/wisconomy/wits_info/downloads/CP/door_profile.pdf 2019 Workforce profile: Door County] waxaa qoray Ryan Long, Bay Area Regional Economist for the State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, 2019, bogga 7, section "Industry Employment and Wages, 2018 Employment and Wage Distribution by Industry, Door County"</ref> Saamaynta dakhliga hoose waxaa iskudarsaday celcelis ahaan qiimaha guryaha; meelaha kale ee Wisconsin ee mushaharkoodu hooseeyo waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin guryo hooseeya. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034729/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Sister%20Bay%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Village of Sister Bay 2020 Comprehensive Plan] Chapter 1, bogga 16 (bogga 31 ee pdf), 2003</ref> Awood la'aanta guryaha ayaa lala xiriiriyay dhibaatada yaraanta shaqaalaha, maadaama shaqaalaha cusub laga yaabo inaysan awoodin inay iibsadaan guryaha ayna go'aansadaan inay baxaan. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034230/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Liberty%20Grove%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Liberty Grove Comprehensive Plan 2003] Chapter 1, bogga 12 (bogga 32 ee pdf)</ref> Daraasad 2019-kii ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in degmada ay tahay gobolka sideedaad ee ugu qaalisan nolosha ee dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin. <ref>Tani waxaa loogu talagalay qoys laba waalid leh oo leh hal cunug oo iskuulka ku jira iyo hal dugsi-barbaarin, heerka isku-filnaanshaha sannadlaha ah wuxuu ahaa $63,001. [http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Wisconsin 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf |date=20210624204921 }} waxaa qoray Diana M. Pearce and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, May 2019, Center for Women's Welfare, University of Washington School of Social Work, bogga 11 (bogga 13 ee pdf)</ref> == Shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah iyo tirada dadka == Maaddaama diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare ee gobolka ay yaraatay, shaqo-bixiyeyaasha waxay u jeesteen fiisooyinka J-1 si ay u buuxiyaan boosaska xilliyeed halkii. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018, [https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/2019/08/15/door-county-seasonal-j-1-visa-workers-housing-focus-new-plan/2009275001/ Door County's seasonal, J-1 Visa workers need housing. This Illinois couple hopes to help] waxaa qoray Sammy Gibbons, ''Green Bay Press-Gazette'', Ogosto 15, 2019, and [https://doorcountypulse.com/worker-shortage-endures-for-manufacturing-sector-n-e-w-industries-shares-story-about-changes-that-make-it-difficult-to-remain-fully-staffed/ Overseas Restrictions Limit J-1 Visa Arrivals: Door County Businesses Prepare For Workforce Shortage] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'', May 14, 2021</ref> [[File:MigrantWorkerHousingDoorCountyWisconsin.jpg|thumb|Guriyeynta shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta (Maarso, 2011-kii) Sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee nolosha marka la barbardhigo dakhliga xadidan ee shaqooyin badan oo dalxiis-warshadeed ay bixiyaan, shaqaale ku meelgaar ah ayaa badanaa la shaqaaleeyaa, kuwa gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Shaqaaluhu waxay ka yimaadaan meelo fog fog sida Ukraine, <ref name="Reardon">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Scandinavia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, ama South Africa.]] Sababtoo ah shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah ee lagu keenay Barnaamijka Safarka Shaqada Xagaaga mararka qaarkood waxaa la dejiyaa meel ka duwan halka ay ka shaqeeyaan, qaar baa ku dhammaaday baaskiil 10-15 mayl maalintii tan iyo markii ay ka maqnaayeen gawaarida isla markaana gobolku uu xaddidan yahay gaadiidka dadweynaha. <ref name="Reardon2">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer, soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah ama kuwa aan sharciga lahayn ee ka shaqeeya warshadaha dalxiiska ayaa inta badan haysan rukhsad darawalnimo. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/building-bridges-between-cultures/ Building Bridges Between Cultures] waxaa qoray Gary Jones, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Febraayo 4, 2011</ref> Sannadkii 2012-kii, Garyaqaanka Degmada Door Ray Pelrine wuxuu yiri "shaqaalaha soogalootiga sharci darrada ah hadda waxaa lagu dhisay qaab dhismeedka ganacsiyo badan oo halkan ku yaal." <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-immigration-debate-and-why-it-matters-to-door-county-more-than-you-think/ The Immigration Debate – and Why it Matters to Door County More than You Think], waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. ''Peninsula Pulse'', Luulyo 5, 2012</ref> === Hoos u dhaca dhalinyarada iyo guud ahaan dadka === Marka loo eego qiyaasta ACS, tirada dadka ka yar 18 sano ee degmada ayaa hoos uga dhacday 5,119 sanadkii 2010-kii ilaa 4,479 sanadka 2017-kii. <ref>[https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Door%20County&g=0500000US55029&hidePreview=false&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&vintage=2017&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=county&lastDisplayedRow=42 ACS 5-year estimate], Accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> Sannadkii 2013, cilmi-baare ayaa saadaaliyay in marka la gaaro 2040, dadka ku nool degmada ay hoos u dhici doonaan 4.2%, boqolkiiba 10-ka ugu weyn ee hoos u dhaca dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin <ref>[https://doa.wi.gov/DIR/FinalProjs2040_Publication.pdf Wisconsin's Future Population Projections for the State, Its Counties and Municipalities, 2010–2040], waxaa qoray David Egan-Robertson, UW-Madison Applied Population Laboratory, Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Administration Demographic Services Center, Diisambar 2013, bogga 20 (bogga 24 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2013 ilaa 2017, 36.8% ee 9,358 qoys ee degmada ku nool waxay kujireen caruurnimo, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta 5 sano ee ACS, marka loo barbardhigo 44.2% ee Wisconsin sanadkii 2017, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta hal sano ee ACS. <ref>[https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/door-county-families-structure-composition Door County Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, compared to [https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/families-structure-composition Wisconsin Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, accessed Sebtember 6, 2019</ref> Marka laga reebo barnaamijka dugsiga barbaarinta ee Sevastopol, dhammaan degmooyinka gobolku waxay arkeen hoos u dhigista diiwaangelinta laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa iyo 2019 ee heerarka dugsiga hoose, dhexe, iyo sare. <ref name="enrollment">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> Hoos u dhaca diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare <ref name="enrollment2">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> ayaa loo aaneynayaa yaraanta shaqaalaha xilliyada, waxaana loo aaneynayaa inay soo dedejisay ballaarinta barnaamijka fiisaha J-1. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018</ref> === Tirakoobka diinta === Tiro koobkii 2010-kii, koox diimeedkii ugu weynaa ee Door County waxay ahaayeen Katooligga, oo leh 9,325 oo qof kuwaaso raacsan oo ku cibaadeysta lix kaniisadood, waxaa ku xiga 2,982 qof oo ah ELCA Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 2,646 oo qof oo ah WELS Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 872 qof oo ah Moravians oo leh saddex jameeco, 834 qof oo ah United Methodists oo leh afar jameeco, 533 qof oo ah Masiixiyiin aan diin lahayn oo leh lix urur, 503 qof oo ah LCMS Lutherans oo leh laba urur, 283 qof oo ah LCMC Lutherans oo leh hal urur, 270 qof oo ah Converge Baptists oo leh seddex urur, 213 qof oo ah Episcopalians oo leh hal urur, 207 qof oo ah UCC Masiixiyiin ah oo leh hal urur, iyo 593 qof oo ah kuwa raacsan. Guud ahaan, 69.3% dadka waxaa loo tiriyey inay yihiin kuwo raacsan urur diimeed. <ref>[http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh County Membership Report: Door County (Wisconsin)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh |date=20200114062248 }}, The Association of Religion Data Archives</ref> Sannadkii 2014, Degmada Door waxay lahayd ururrada diimeed ee ugu tirada badan ee 719-aad qof kasta oo deggan oo ka mid ah dhammaan 3,141 degmooyin ee Mareykanka, iyadoo 34 urur diimeed ay ka jiraan gobolka. <ref name="PennState">[https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 |date=20191231001016 }}, PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development</ref> == Sidoo Kale arag == * [[Hennepin County, Minnesota]] {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} [[Category:Ameerikada waqooyi]] [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] ro3763bg6mhkdsi80mii498zfa10mne Silk Smitha 0 32794 312263 312010 2026-11-11T07:27:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Silk Smitha|caption=|native_name=|image=|birth_name=Vijayalakshmi Vadlapatla|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1960|12|2}}|birth_place=Hindiya|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1996|9|23|1960|12|2}}|death_place=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Hindiya|death_cause=ismiidaamin|occupation=Atariisho filim|nationality=Hindiya|years_active=1979–1996|parents=Ramallu, Sarasamma}}'''Vijayalakshmi Vadlapatla''' (2 Diseembar 1960 - 23 Sebteembar 1996), oo sifiican loogu garanayo magaceeda '''Silk Smitha''', waxay ahayd atariisho Filim Hindi ah kana shaqeysa inta badan filimada [[Luqada Tamil-ka|Tamil]], [[Telugu]], Malayalam, [[Kannada]] iyo [[Hindi]].<ref>[http://www.india.com/stream/silk-smitha-happy-birthday-top-song-videos-of-the-bad-girl-of-southern-cinema-209382/ "Silk Smitha Happy Birthday: Top song videos of the bad girl of Southern cinema!"]. ''India.com''.</ref> Waxay ku soo gashay warshadaha iyada oo ah atariisho taageerta<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110929234545/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110184987&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=136920 "Why Silk Smitha is Bollywood's favourite bad girl"]. ''NDTV Movies''.</ref> waxaana markii ugu horeysay lagu arkay doorkeedii "Silk" ee filimkii Tamil ee 1979, ''Vandichakkaram''. Waxay noqotay [[Astaanta galmada|astaan galmada]].<ref>[http://247latestnews.com/mysterious-death-indias-biggest-sex-symbol-silk-smitha/ "The mysterious death of India's biggest sex symbol Silk Smitha"]. </ref> Xirfadeeda oo soo jirtay 17 sano, waxay ka soo muuqatay in ka badan 450 filim. == Nolosha shaqsiga ah == Silk Smitha wuxuu lahaa wareeg yar oo saaxiibo dhow ah. Waxay ahayd qof isdaba-joog ah oo aan si dhakhso leh ula saaxiibin qof. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay dabacsanaan, xoog iyo toosnaan, taas oo dadka qaar ku khaldeen inay nasiib wanaag tahay. Waxay caan ku ahayd inay timaado goobta lagu duubayay filimka kahor toogashada, iyadu iyadu mas'uul bay ahayd, waxayna hami haysay (waxay baratay inay si wanaagsan ugu hadasho Ingiriisiga inkasta oo waxbarashadeeda ay aad uyartahay). Saaxiibbadeed waxay ku sifeeyeen inay leedahay "jilicsan" iyo "ilmo sida" shakhsiyad. Waxay ku xariifsanayd [[Weji qurxis|qurxinta]] taas oo ahayd shaqadeeda kahor intaysan atariisho noqon.<ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/movies/silk-smitha-birth-anniversary-five-most-memorable-performances-of-the-actress-3136643.html "Silk Smitha Birth Anniversary: Five Most Memorable Performances of the Actress"]. ''News18''.</ref> Waxay si dabiici ah u qurux badneyd oo caan ku aheyd indhaheeda quruxda badan, midabkeeda dahabka iyo jir ahaanba.<ref>[https://filmfare.com/features/silk-smithas-bold-interview-4813.amp "Silk Smitha's bold interview"] {{Wayback|url=https://filmfare.com/features/silk-smithas-bold-interview-4813.amp |date=20241225181733 }}. ''Filmfare''.</ref><ref>[https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2020/09/23182151/1252693/Remembering-Silk-Smitha-on-her-24th-death-anniversary.vpf "Remembering Silk Smitha on her 24th death anniversary"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2020/09/23182151/1252693/Remembering-Silk-Smitha-on-her-24th-death-anniversary.vpf |date=20210709183000 }}.</ref> == Dhimasho == Subaxnimadii Sebtember 23, 1996, waxay la xiriirtay saaxiibkeed, qoob-ka-ciyaarka Anuradha, si ay ugala hadlaan arrin iyada qasan.  Anuradha waxay qorsheysay inay soo booqato ka dib markay ilmaheeda ku dhaaftay dugsiga. Imaanshaha dambe ee subaxdaas, Anuradha waxay aragtay Smitha oo meyd ah.  Dhowr bilood ka dib dhimashadeeda, waxaa lagu caddeeyay warbixinta dhimashada ka dib in Smitha ay u dhimatay ismiidaamin, iyadoo qamri badan uu ku jiray jirkeeda.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131221172406/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/12/16224107/cinema-history.html "'சுமிதாவுக்கு திருமணத்தில் நம்பிக்கை இல்லை': 'சில்க்' சுமிதாவின் காதலர் பேட்டி"]. ''Cinema.maalaimalar.com''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140114224641/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/12/15203008/Silk-smitha-cinema-history.html "'எனக்கு வாழ்க்கை தருவதாக"]. </ref> Qoraal is-dilid ah ayaa laga helay guriga Silk Smitha, laakiin waa la kala saari kari waayay, taas oo dhimashadeeda u beddeshay sir aan la xallin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210212044426/https://owwlogy.com/silk-smitha-what-led-to-her-untimely-death/ Silk-smitha-what-led-to-her-untimely-death/] == Tixraacyada == 5vmsx8svseb8hes6aszt60bcubu52el Kinda Calloush 0 34761 312167 247609 2026-11-10T14:48:34Z Aldayaman 48238 /* Tix */ 312167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Kinda Calloush <br> ([[Carabi]]: كندة علوش)|nationality=|known_for=|years_active=2004–hada|occupation=Atariisho|other_names=|children=1|spouse={{marriage|Fares Al-Thahabi|2008|2016|reason=la furay}}<br/>{{marriage|Amr Youssef|2016}}|death_place=|image=Kinda Alloush.png|death_date=|birth_place=[[Xama]], [[Suuriya]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1982|3|27}}|birth_name=Kinda Mazen Calloush|caption=Kinda Calloush|alt=|notable_works=}}'''Kinda Mazen Calloush''' (كندة مازن علوش; dhashay 27 Maarso 1982 ee [[Xama]]) waa atariisho Suuriyaan ah, waxay caan ku tahay doorkeeda shaleemada Suuriya iyo Masar. Calloush waa degane [[Qaahiro|Qaahira]], Masar ilaa 2011.<ref>[http://madcelebrity.com/kinda-alloush.php Kinda Alloush - MAD Celebrity].</ref> == Tix == {{IMDb name|nm4371761}} 7k8n20hgq8lod14syza5uuv9o0g2122 Hyuna 0 35542 312235 311896 2026-11-11T03:19:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=HyunA|image=Hyuna during the event "M.A.C x ELLE - National Lipstick Day - Ruby Woo" on July 29, 2018 02.png|image caption=Hyuna ee 2018|birth_date={{birth date and age|1992|06|6|}}|birth_place=[[Seoul]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]|education=Konkuk University|occupation=Fannan|module={{Infobox musical artist |embed=yes | genre = [[K-pop]] | instrument = Cod | years_active = 2006–hada | label =[[JYP Entertainment|JYP]]<br>[[Cube Entertainment|Cube]]<br>P Nation | associated_acts = [[4Minute]]<br>[[Dawn]]<br>[[Dazzling Red]]<br>[[JYP Entertainment|JYP Nation]]<br>[[PSY]]<br>[[Triple H]]<br>[[Trouble Maker]]<br>United Cube<br>[[Wonder Girls]] | website = }}}} '''Kim Hyun-ah''' (dhashay Juun 6, 1992), oo ay si fiican u garaneyso hal-ku-dhigga '''Hyuna''', waa fanaand Koonfur Kuuriya iyo moodel. Waxay ka soo muuqatay xubin ka mid ah kooxda gabdhaha [[Wonder Girls]] bishii Febraayo 2007. Markii ay ka tagtay kooxdii wax yar ka dib, Hyuna waxay markii dambe ka tagtay [[JYP Entertainment]] waxayna ku biirtay kooxda gabdhaha [[4Minute]], oo hoos timaada [[Cube Entertainment]]. 4Minute ayaa mid ka mid ah kooxaha gabdhaha ugu caansan dalka. Sannadkii 2010, Hyuna waxay ku bilaabatay xirfad keli ah qaab ay ku tilmaamtay inay tahay "muusig ku wajahan waxqabadka".<ref>[http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/hey-sexy-lady-hyuna-k-pops-gangnam-girl/ HEY, SEXY LADY: HYUNA, KPOP'S GANGNAM GIRL]</ref> Heesteedii ugu horreysay "[[Change]]" ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay nambarka-labo ee Koonfur Kuuriya. Sannadkii 2011, Hyuna waxay heshay aqoonsi ballaadhan oo dadweyne iyadoo la sii daayay albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ''[[Bubble Pop!]]'', Heesta hogaaminta albumka ee isla magaca ayaa iibisay in ka badan seddex milyan oo nuqul oo dijitaal ah Hyuna waxay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee K-pop farshaxan ah oo gaarta 100 milyan ee [[Youtube|YouTube]]. Dabayaaqadii isla sannadkaas, waxay la samaysay labada dhibo [[Trouble Maker]] ah fanaanka Hyunseung, waxay sii daayeen heestii guuleysatay guuleysatay "[[Trouble Maker]]". Sannadkii 2012, waxay ka soo muuqatay heestii guulaysatay ee adduunka oo leh [[PSY|Psy]], "[[Gangnam Style]]" oo markii dambena soo saartay albumkeedii labaad ee ''[[Melting]]'', kaas oo ka soo muuqday lambar-koobaad "[[Ice Cream (hees)|Ice Cream]]". Labadeeda album ol soo socda [[A Talk|''A Talk'']] iyo ''[[A+]]'' waxay leeyihiin hees guuleysta "[[Red]]" iyo "[[Roll Deep]]", siday u kala horreeyaan. Markii lakala diray 4Minute badhtamihii 2016, waxay soo saartay albamkeedii shanaad ''[[A'wesome]].'' Ee 2018, Hyuna waxay joojisay qandaraaskeedii Cube Entertainment kadib dhowr khilaafaad gudaha ah, waxayna la saxiixatay [[P Nation]] sanadka soo socda. Heesteedii ugu horreysay ee hoos timaadda P Nation waxay ahayd "[[Flower Shower]]". Sannadkii 2021, Hyuna waxay soo saartay albumkeedii toddobaad [[I'm Not Cool|''I'm Not Cool'']]. == Shaqo == === 1992–2009: Nolosha hore iyo bilawga shaqada === {{main|Wonder Girls|4Minute}}Hyuna waxay dhashay Juun 6, 1992<ref name="Russell2014">{{cite book|last=Russell|first=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ|title=K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution|date=April 29, 2014|work=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-1-4629-1411-1|page=85|access-date=October 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527064350/https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ|archive-date=May 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ee [[Seoul]].<ref>{{cite episode|first=Jianheng Ken (host)|last=Wu|title=娛樂E世代 (Entertainment E Generation)|series=中廣流行網 (BCC I Like Radio)|network=[[Broadcasting Corporation of China|BCC]]|date=January 22, 2010|language=zh|location=Taiwan|minutes=40:21}}</ref><ref name="name">{{cite episode|first=Jianheng Ken (host)|last=Wu|title=娛樂E世代 (Entertainment E Generation)|series=中廣流行網 (BCC I Like Radio)|network=[[Broadcasting Corporation of China|BCC]]|date=January 22, 2010|language=zh|location=Taiwan|minutes=40:21}}</ref> Waxay dhigatay Dugsiga Dhexe Choongam iyo [[Dugsiga Sare Muusiga iyo Farshaxanka Kuuriya]]. Hyuna waxay ka qalin jabisay [[Jaamacada Konkuk]], dhanka fanka casriga ah, waxayna heshay ogolaansho gaar ah dugsiga.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/07/135_91131.html|title=K-pop stars scholarships irk students|date=July 18, 2011|work=The Korea Times|access-date=July 20, 2011|archive-date=May 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513073808/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/07/135_91131.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2006, waxaa la shaaciyay inay xubin ka tahay kooxda gabdhaha [[Wonder Girls]]. Hyuna waxa ay ka qayb qaadatay albamka yar ee kooxda ee ''The Wonder Begins'', oo la sii daayay Febraayo 2007.<ref name="WG/IRONY">{{cite news|url=http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=200702132122211130|script-title=ko:원더걸스, 첫 쇼케이스서 '열정의 신고식'|date=February 13, 2009|publisher=My Daily|access-date=January 10, 2010|language=ko|archive-date=July 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702113312/http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=200702132122211130|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay ka qayb qaadatay barnaamijka telefishinka kooxda ee ''[[MTV Wonder Girls]]'' laba xilli, oo ay martigelisay ''[[Show! Music Core]]''. Hyuna waxay ka tagtay Wonder Girls bishii Luulyo, markii ay waalidkeed ka saareen walaac ay ka qabeen caafimaadkeeda.<ref name="sanfran">Yang, Jeff. [http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/ASIAN-POP-Next-stop-Wonderland-2493471.php Asian Pop: Next stop, Wonderland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704230440/http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/ASIAN-POP-Next-stop-Wonderland-2493471.php|date=July 4, 2017}}. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. April 9, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2009.</ref> 2008, waxay ku biirtay [[Cube Entertainment]]. Bishii Maajo 2009, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in Hyuna ay noqon doonto xubin ka mid ah kooxda gabdhaha [[4Minute]].<ref name="JYP/CUBE">{{cite news|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2009-01-04/13482327308.shtml|title=Wondergirls前成员贤雅回归歌谣届|publisher=Sina|access-date=January 10, 2010|language=zh|archive-date=May 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506021712/http://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2009-01-04/13482327308.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="teaser">{{cite web|script-title=ko:현아그룹 포미닛 실루엣 티저-홈피 공개 화제폭발 '서버 마비'|trans-title=4minute Teaser Released|work=Newsen|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=200906111420161002|access-date=January 10, 2010|language=ko|archive-date=June 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623174306/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=200906111420161002|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="debut">{{in lang|ko}} Kim, Hyeon-wu.[http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3651163&ctg=15 데뷔 하루 앞둔 포미닛 "라이브 걱정없어, 실력으로 승부하겠다" ("Morning Before Debut, 4minute States "We Do Not Worry About Live Performance; We Will Win Through Talent")] {{Wayback|url=http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3651163&ctg=15|date=20141023125923}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023125923/http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3651163&ctg=15|date=October 23, 2014}}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]''. June 17, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2010.</ref> === 2009–2010: Heesta ugu horeesay === [[File:HyunA_in_2011_May3.jpg|thumb|Hyuna ee Maajo 2011]] Hyuna waxay la kaashatay Lee Gi-kwang heesta "2009" ee albamkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay ''First Episode: A New Hero.'' Waxay noqotay qayb ka mid ah "Dream Team Girl Group," koox xayeysiin u ah [[Samsung]] oo garab socda [[Han Seung-yeon]], [[Uee]], iyo [[Gain]].<ref>https://omonatheydidnt.livejournal.com/1757819.html</ref><ref>https://cm.asiae.co.kr/ampview.htm?no=2009100716172378269{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Heestoodii ugu horeysay ee "Tomorrow" waxay soo baxday Oktoobar 6, 2009.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3819551&ctg=15 복받은 이동건, 가인-한승연-유이-현아와 무슨관계? ‘4투모로우 뮤비 출연’ ("Lucky Lee Dong-gun, What Connection with Gain-Han Seungyeon-Uee-Hyuna? 4 Tomorrow Music Video Participation")] {{Wayback|url=http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3819551&ctg=15|date=20140726014629}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726014629/http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3819551&ctg=15|date=July 26, 2014}}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]''. October 12, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/2281/the-issue-makers-trouble-maker|title=The Issue Makers, Trouble Maker|date=December 22, 2011|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827084239/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/2281/the-issue-makers-trouble-maker|archive-date=August 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Janaayo 4, 2010, waxay soo saartay heesta "[[Change]]", taas oo si heer sare ah oo guuleystay.<ref name="change">{{in lang|ko}} [http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3955534&ctg=15 ''‘솔로’ 현아, 음원 랭킹 상위권… 화제의 검색어 1위'' ("Solo" Hyun-a, Top Ranked Song...#1 Search Term)] {{Wayback|url=http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3955534&ctg=15|date=20140726015433}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726015433/http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3955534&ctg=15|date=July 26, 2014}}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]''. January 6, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2010.</ref><ref name="change2">{{in lang|ko}} Kim, Hyeong-wu. [http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3961154&ctg=15 ‘섹시 고딩’ 현아 ‘명품 복근 댄스’ 주말 내내 가요계 강타 ("Sexy High School Student" Hyun-a's "Luxury Muscle Dance" Throws Hefty Punch at Pop Music)] {{Wayback|url=http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3961154&ctg=15|date=20140726023123}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726023123/http://article.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=3961154&ctg=15|date=July 26, 2014}}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|Joins.com]]''. January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2010.</ref><ref name="hypemy">{{cite web|title=GDA Artiste Profile: HyunA|work=Hype Malaysia|date=Dec 19, 2012|url=http://hype.my/events/gda-artiste-profile-hyuna/|access-date=July 16, 2014|archive-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103073640/http://hype.my/events/gda-artiste-profile-hyuna/|url-status=live}}</ref> Toban maalmood ka dib, Janaayo 14, muuqaalka muusiga "Change" waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay 19+ qiimeyn ay bixisay Wasaaradda Sinnaanta Jinsiga iyo Qoyska inay tahay mid aan ku habboonayn carruurta aan qaan-gaarin. Cube Entertainment ayaa sheegtay in muuqaalka muusiga dib loo tafatiran doono oo loo gudbin doono si loo ansixiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xarunta baahinta ee [[SBS]], ayaa ku dhawaaqday in muqaalka muusiga lagu xaddidi doono 15+ dhegaystayaal halkii, [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]-na waxa ay ku dhawaaqday in ay wali noqon doonto mid la daawado dhammaan daawadayaasha.<ref>[http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201001150828311002&search=title&searchstring=%C7%F6%BE%C6%2019 현아, 뮤비 19금(禁) 판정 "선정성 이유, 재심의 요청할 것"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917051948/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201001150828311002&search=title&searchstring=%C7%F6%BE%C6%2019|date=September 17, 2011}}. ''Newsen''. January 14, 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://thelearnedfangirl.com/whatever-happened-to-hyuna/ |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209225838/https://thelearnedfangirl.com/whatever-happened-to-hyuna/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.allkpop.com/article/2010/01/hyunas-change-mv-slapped-with-19-rating</ref> Dhawr heesood oo kale ayay sii daysay 2010kii.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=201004201732271133 포미닛 현아·낯선 ‘황야의 무법자’, 박명수·제시카의 ‘냉면’ 될까] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407045137/http://www.mydaily.co.kr/news/read.html?newsid=201004201732271133|date=April 7, 2012}}. ''My Daily''. June 8, 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201004191654251001 현아-낯선 부른 이트라이브 ‘황야의 무법자’ 제 2의 ‘냉면’ 될까?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203133702/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201004191654251001|date=December 3, 2013}}. ''Newsen''. June 8, 2010.</ref> === 2011–2015: Guul iyo 4Minute === [[File:20120102_SHOW_K_MUSIC_쇼케뮤_현아_직찍.jpg|left|thumb|Hyuna ee 2012]] Sannadkii 2011, Hyuna waxay soo saartay albamkeedii ugu horreeyay, ''[[Bubble Pop!]]'', oo ay ku jiraan shan heeso oo cusub. Heestu "Bubble Pop" waxay ahayd guul caalami ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/k-pop-fans-push-hyuna-to-top-of-charts-viral-video-spotlight-2307917.html|title=K-pop fans push HYUNA to top of charts: viral video spotlight|date=July 5, 2011|work=Independent|access-date=August 31, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827083431/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/k-pop-fans-push-hyuna-to-top-of-charts-viral-video-spotlight-2307917.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ugu dambayntii waxa ay noqotay muqaal muusik kii ugu horeeyay ee uu sameeyo fanaan K-pop ah oo dhaafa 100 milyan oo daawasho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/buzz/hyuna-first-k-pop-artist-to-reach-over-100-million-views-on-YouTube-with-video-bubble-pop-1145415/|title=Hyuna, first solo K-pop artist to reach over 100 million views on YouTube with video Bubble Pop|date=April 28, 2016|work=India.com|access-date=September 21, 2017|archive-date=September 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921145136/http://www.india.com/buzz/hyuna-first-k-pop-artist-to-reach-over-100-million-views-on-YouTube-with-video-bubble-pop-1145415/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"[http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/467265/21-under-21-hyuna-2011 4Minute's Hyun=a make into Billboard '21 Under 21'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206185957/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/467265/21-under-21-hyuna-2011|date=February 6, 2013}}". ''Billboard''. September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 2, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Aaron|first=Charles|url=https://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011//?page=0%252C20|title=SPIN's 20 Best Songs of 2011|work=Spin|date=December 9, 2011|access-date=May 11, 2013|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821232218/http://www.spin.com/2011/12/spins-20-best-songs-2011/?page=0%25252C20|url-status=live}}</ref> Nofeembar 24, 2011, Cube waxay daaha ka qaaday in Hyuna ay ku jiri doonto koox la wadaago oo la yiraahdo [[Trouble Maker]] iyada iyo Hyunseung.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1761/hyuna-and-jang-hyun-seung-are-trouble-makers|title=Hyuna and Jang Hyun Seung are Trouble Makers|date=November 25, 2011|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608131325/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1761/hyuna-and-jang-hyun-seung-are-trouble-makers|archive-date=June 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1886/trouble-maker-releases-much-anticipated-music-video|title=Trouble Maker Releases Much Anticipated Music Video|date=December 1, 2011|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608144404/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1886/trouble-maker-releases-much-anticipated-music-video|archive-date=June 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1848/trouble-maker-shocks-with-surprise-kiss-during-performance|title=Trouble Maker Shocks With Surprise Kiss During Performance|date=November 30, 2011|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608142027/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/1848/trouble-maker-shocks-with-surprise-kiss-during-performance|archive-date=June 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannadkii 2012, waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay muqaalka muusigga [[Psy]] "[[Gangnam Style]]", ka dib markii uu shakhsi ahaan u doortay Psy intii lagu jiray marxaladda wax soo saarka ee bilowga ah.<ref name="Interview" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/1536202/hyuna-talks-us-debut-filming-with-psy-being-labeled-overrated|title=HyunA Talks U.S. Debut, Filming With PSY & Being Labeled Overrated|date=January 31, 2013|work=Billboard|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-date=March 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310104750/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/1536202/hyuna-talks-us-debut-filming-with-psy-being-labeled-overrated|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/15/gangnam-style-becomes-opp_n_1783292.html|title='Gangnam Style' Becomes 'Oppa Is Just My Style': PSY's 'Girl Version' Followup, Featuring Hyuna (VIDEO)|first=Mallika|last=Rao|date=August 15, 2012|newspaper=Huffington Post|access-date=August 17, 2012|archive-date=October 31, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BoxMeJUi?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/15/gangnam-style-becomes-opp_n_1783292.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hyuna waxay soo saartay albamkeedii labaad ee ''[[Melting]]'' Oktoobar 21, 2012<ref name="Interview" /> The video for Ice Cream was released on October 22, 2012 and features a cameo by Psy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/474530/hyuna-gangnam-style-star-releases-ice-cream-video-with-psy-watch|title=HyunA, 'Gangnam Style' Star, Releases 'Ice Cream' Video with PSY: Watch|date=October 22, 2012|work=Billboard|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127083005/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/474530/hyuna-gangnam-style-star-releases-ice-cream-video-with-psy-watch|archive-date=January 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/18860/hyuna-draws-global-attention-as-ice-cream-is-covered-by-the-guardian-popjustice-and-more|title=Hyuna Draws Global Attention as ′Ice Cream′ is Covered by ′The Guardian′, ′Popjustice′ and More|date=October 25, 2012|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827050803/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/18860/hyuna-draws-global-attention-as-ice-cream-is-covered-by-the-guardian-popjustice-and-more|archive-date=August 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/19675/4minute-hyunas-ice-cream-music-video-gathers-record-views-on-youtube|title=4minute Hyuna′s ′Ice Cream′ Music Video Gathers Record Views on YouTube|date=November 2, 2012|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827043541/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/19675/4minute-hyunas-ice-cream-music-video-gathers-record-views-on-youtube|archive-date=August 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Ho, Stewart (October 17, 2012). [http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/17919/4minute-hyunas-upcoming-solo-album-to-include-co-penned-co-written-track-very-hot "4Minute Hyuna's Upcoming Solo Album to Include Co-Penned, Co-Written Track, ‘Very Hot’"] {{Wayback|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/17919/4minute-hyunas-upcoming-solo-album-to-include-co-penned-co-written-track-very-hot|date=20140726163603}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726163603/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/17919/4minute-hyunas-upcoming-solo-album-to-include-co-penned-co-written-track-very-hot|date=July 26, 2014}}. CJ E&M enewsWorld.</ref> [[File:HyunA_-_2014_Gaon_Chart_K-pop_Awards_red_carpet.jpg|thumb|Hyuna ee 2014]] Maajo 24, Hyuna waxa ay la kaashatay fanaaniinta isqurxinta Son & Park si ay u bilaabaan hawlo samafal oo xiriir ah oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Kiss of Hope", kuwaas oo faa'iidadooda loogu deeqay waxbarashada carruurta ku nool wadamada saboolka ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpophunt.com/2013/05/4minute-hyuna-enthusiastic-support-poor.html|title=4minute Hyuna enthusiastic support poor children's charity|author=KPOP|access-date=October 18, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023190146/http://www.kpophunt.com/2013/05/4minute-hyuna-enthusiastic-support-poor.html|archive-date=October 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Kim|url=http://24-7kpop.com/2013/03/07/hyuna-spokesmodel-for-toyota-corolla-my-color/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312100032/http://24-7kpop.com/2013/03/07/hyuna-spokesmodel-for-toyota-corolla-my-color/|archive-date=March 12, 2013|title=Hyuna Spokesmodel For Toyota Corolla MY COLOR|work=24-7kpop.com|date=March 7, 2013|access-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/5862356/k-pop-night-out-returns-for-sxsw-2014-with-hyuna-jay-park-more|first=Jessica|last=Oak|title='K-Pop Night Out' Returns for SXSW 2014 With HyunA, Jay Park & More|work=Billboard|date=July 27, 2013|access-date=April 1, 2014|archive-date=March 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305111508/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/5862356/k-pop-night-out-returns-for-sxsw-2014-with-hyuna-jay-park-more|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/music/2014-03-12/sxsw-live-shot-hyuna/|title=SXSW Live Shot: HyunA: Korean superstar ropes in even Lady Gaga – Music|work=The Austin Chronicle|date=March 12, 2014|access-date=April 1, 2014|first=Luke|last=Winkie|archive-date=August 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807152022/http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/music/2014-03-12/sxsw-live-shot-hyuna/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Luulyo 2014, waxay soo saartay albamkeedii saddexaad ee cinwaankeedu yahay ''[[A Talk]]'' iyo heesta "[[Red]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/07/135_161099.html|title=Hyuna to give fans something to talk about|date=July 16, 2014|work=The Korea Times|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827043020/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/07/135_161099.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6157859/hyuna-topless-new-single-a-talk-teaser-photos|title=HyunA Poses Topless to Announce New Single|work=Billboard|first=Jeff|last=Benjamin|date=July 16, 2014|access-date=July 17, 2014|archive-date=July 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720213130/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6157859/hyuna-topless-new-single-a-talk-teaser-photos|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140729000695&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=HyunA twerks her way to 'Red' solo return|date=July 29, 2014|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827044559/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140729000695&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140715001166&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=4Minute HyunA to appear in her own reality show|date=July 15, 2014|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827051138/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140715001166&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6190269/hyuna-red-video-mv-watch-brand|title=HyunA Solidifies Her Diva Brand in Sizzling 'Red' Video: Watch|date=July 29, 2014|work=Billboard|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=July 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710091104/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6190269/hyuna-red-video-mv-watch-brand|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Rolling Stone|title=From Taylor Swift's luxurious mansion freakout to OG Maco's low-budget hotel turn-up, the best clips of the year|first=Jessica|last=Suarez|date=December 29, 2014|access-date=December 29, 2014|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/10-best-music-videos-of-2014-20141229|archive-date=December 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230000759/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/10-best-music-videos-of-2014-20141229|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140828001075&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=HyunA tops Taiwan's charts with 'RED'|date=August 28, 2014|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827051111/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140828001075&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Agoosto 2015, waxay soo saartay albamkeedii afaraad ee ''[[A+]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3008294|title=[New Release] Hyuna|date=August 25, 2015|work=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827045913/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3008294|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2016–2018: Calaamadee isbeddelada === Juun 13, 2016, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in 4Minute ay qaadatay go'aanka lagu kala dirayo.  Hyuna waxay ahayd xubinta kaliya ee kooxda si ay u cusbooneysiiso qandaraaskeeda Cube Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20160613002900315|title=4Minute to disband, only Hyuna renews contract|date=June 13, 2016|work=Yonhap News Agency|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827045220/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/search1/2603000000.html?cid=AEN20160613002900315|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://channel-korea.com/the-reason-why-4minute-disband/?amp |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808164233/https://channel-korea.com/the-reason-why-4minute-disband/?amp |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3147951/5-most-shocking-k-pop-group-disbandments-and-why-they</ref><ref>https://www.allkpop.com/article/2016/06/breaking-4minute-disbands-after-7-years-hyuna-renews-contract-with-cube</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/3215983/4minute-entertainment-expert-reveals-painful-truth-behind-k-pop-girl-groups-disbanding/ |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210005131/https://www.inquisitr.com/3215983/4minute-entertainment-expert-reveals-painful-truth-behind-k-pop-girl-groups-disbanding/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20160613002900315</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/301187/20210903/where-4minute-now-hot-issue-hitmakers-current-activities.htm |access-date=2025-06-17 |archive-date=2024-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208061957/https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/301187/20210903/where-4minute-now-hot-issue-hitmakers-current-activities.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hyuna dabadeed waxay soo saartay albamkeedii shanaad ''[[A'wesome]]'' iyo heesta "[[How's This?]]" ({{korean|어때 (eottae?}}), ee Agoosto 1, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/107770/hyuna-to-share-sexy-kiss-scene-on-first-episode-of-hyuna-x-19-all-kpop-news|title=Hyuna to Share Sexy Kiss Scene on First Episode of ′HyunA X-19′|date=August 16, 2016|work=enewsWorld|access-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827043405/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/107770/hyuna-to-share-sexy-kiss-scene-on-first-episode-of-hyuna-x-19-all-kpop-news|archive-date=August 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/08/398_210859.html|title=HyunA returns solo, dominates music charts|date=August 2, 2016|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827083609/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/08/398_210859.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/07/398_210367.html|title=HyunA to embark on Asia tour in September|date=July 27, 2016|work=The Korea Times|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827083735/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/07/398_210367.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170113000787&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=K-pop singer HyunA goes on global tour|date=January 13, 2017|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827050943/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170113000787&ACE_SEARCH=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Abriil 3, 2017, Cube Entertainment ayaa xaqiijisay in iyada iyo xubnaha Pentagon Hui iyo E'Dawn ay xubin ka noqon doonaan koox cusub, [[Triple H]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2017/05/08/0200000000AEN20170508003100315.html|work=Yonhap News Agency|date=May 8, 2017|access-date=June 14, 2017|title=HyunA's new project group Triple H releases '365 Fresh' choreography practice video|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827090828/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2017/05/08/0200000000AEN20170508003100315.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3032531|title=Hyuna's new group Triple H to release debut|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827083745/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3032531|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Hyuna_going_to_a_Music_Bank_recording_on_August_3,_2018_01.png|left|thumb|Hyuna ee 2018]] Ogosto 2, 2018, sawirada Hyuna ee E'Dawn ayaa la sii daayay. Cube Entertainment ayaa beenisay wararka xanta ah ee sheegaya inay is shukaansanayeen, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada iyo E'Dawn waxay waraysi la yeesheen [[Yonhap News Agency|Yeonhap News]] maalintaas dambe, iyagoo qirtay xidhiidhkooda oo bilaabmay May 2016.<ref>https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20180803006000315</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/k-pop-soloist-hyuna-and-boyfriend-edawn-kicked-out-from-agency-after |access-date=2026-04-03 |archive-date=2024-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208061142/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/k-pop-soloist-hyuna-and-boyfriend-edawn-kicked-out-from-agency-after |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://m.koreaherald.com/article/1745341</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.hankyung.com/article/2018080407047|title=현아♥이던 트리플H, 당당한 열애 고백 그러나 씁쓸한 마무리|date=August 4, 2018|work=hankyung.com|access-date=November 6, 2018|language=ko|archive-date=November 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025908/http://news.hankyung.com/article/2018080407047|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.malaymail.com/s/1661397/fans-divided-in-reactions-to-hyuna-and-edawns-relatiionship|title=Fans divided in reactions to Hyuna and E'Dawn's relationship {{!}} Malay Mail|access-date=November 8, 2018|language=en|archive-date=November 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065458/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1661397/fans-divided-in-reactions-to-hyuna-and-edawns-relatiionship|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebtembar 13, Cube Entertainment waxay ku dhawaaqday inay joojinayaan qandaraasyadooda, iyagoo tixraacaya inaysan "ilaalin karin" iyaga.<ref name="auto" /> Oktoobar 15, Cube Entertainment waxay si rasmi ah u xaqiijisay bixida Hyuna.<ref name="auto1" /> === 2019–hada: P Nation iyo mashaariicda soo socdo === [[File:Hyuna_at_a_showcase_on_November_5,_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hyuna ee 2019]] Janaayo 27, 2019, waxay la saxiixatay [[P Nation]], oo ah wakaalad cusub oo uu aasaasay Psy tan iyo markii uu ka tagay [[YG Entertainment]] bishii Maajo 2018.<ref name="auto2" /> Nofeembar 5, 2019, waxay sii daysay ''[[Flower Shower]]'', oo ah sii daynteedii ugu horreysay ee hoos timaada P Nation.<ref>{{cite web|title=HyunA Returns Triumphant With 'Flower Shower' Video|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8542760/hyuna-flower-shower-video|website=Billboard|access-date=November 5, 2019|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106090541/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8542760/hyuna-flower-shower-video|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=HyunA is a flower with attitude in her gorgeous solo comeback teaser photos|url=https://www.allkpop.com/article/2019/10/hyuna-is-a-flower-with-attitude-in-her-gorgeous-solo-comeback-teaser-photos|website=allkpop|access-date=November 5, 2019|archive-date=November 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105021637/https://www.allkpop.com/article/2019/10/hyuna-is-a-flower-with-attitude-in-her-gorgeous-solo-comeback-teaser-photos|url-status=live}}</ref> Hyuna waxay soo saartay albamkeedii yar toddobaad ''[[I'm Not Cool]]'' 28-kii Janaayo 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20210108/104831653/1|title=현아, 28일 컴백 확정|website=Sports Dong-a|language=ko|date=January 8, 2021|access-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref> Sebtembar 9, Hyuna iyo [[Dawn]] ayaa iska kaashaday siideynta albamkooda ''[[1+1=1]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=311&aid=0001341639|title=현아♥던, 9월 9일 듀엣 컴백…새 앨범 '1+1=1' 로고 모션 공개|website=Xports News|language=ko|date=August 31, 2021|access-date=August 31, 2021}}</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiga ah == Bishii {{Start date|2018|08|2}} Hyuna ayaa shaaca ka qaaday inay xiriir la leedahay xubin ka tirsan Pentagon [[Dawn|E'Dawn]] tan iyo Maajo 2016.<ref><bdi>[https://m.entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=011&aid=0003364263 현아·펜타곤 이던, 당당한 열애 인정 "2년째 열애중, 속이고 싶지 않아"]</bdi>. ''Sedaily.''</ref><ref>[https://metro.co.uk/2018/10/11/hyuna-and-edawn-brush-off-the-haters-as-they-go-public-with-dating-pictures-8026862/]. ''Metro''.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/13/world/asia/kpop-hyuna-edawn-dating-fired.amp.html "We're Dating, K-Pop Stars Declare. You're Fired, Their Label Says"]. ''New York Times''.</ref><ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/hyuna-edawn-of-pentagon-ousted-from-cube-entertainment-8474957 "HyunA & E'Dawn of Pentagon Ousted from Cube Entertainment: Report, Updated"]. ''Billboard''.</ref><ref>[https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.amp.asp?newsIdx=253828 Why K-pop idols in love draw ire of fans? - The Korea Times].</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-45508602.amp K-pop: HyunA sacked over relationship controversy - BBC News].</ref><ref>[https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/music/k-pop-couple-hyuna-and-dawn-go-public-with-romance-1.68858460 K-Pop couple Hyuna and Dawn go public with romance | Music – Gulf News].</ref><ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/21/entertainment/kpop-dating-hyuna-edawn-music-celebrity-intl Can K-Pop stars have personal lives? Their labels aren't so sure | CNN] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/21/entertainment/kpop-dating-hyuna-edawn-music-celebrity-intl |date=20220216042931 }}.</ref> Waxay is qabteen Febraayo 3, 2022, lammaanuhu ay soo dhejiyeen ogeysiiska Instagram.<ref>[https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=410&aid=0000847256 "현아♥던, 결혼 임박…6년 열애 끝 공개 프러포즈 "MARRY ME?"][Hyuna♥Dawn, getting married imminently... Public proposal after 6 years of dating “MARRY ME?”].</ref> == Filmografi == {| class="wikitable" !Sanadka !Cinwaanka |- |2010 |''Midnight FM'' |} === TV-ga === {| class="wikitable" !Sanadka !Cinwaanka !Kanaalka |- |2007 |''[[Show! Music Core]]'' |[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] |- |2009–2010 |''Invincible Youth'' |KBS2 |- |2010 |''Waving the Korean Flag'' |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] |- |2011 |''Dancing with the Stars'' |MBC |- |2012 |''Birth of a Family 2'' |KBS2 |- |2014 |''Hyuna's Free Month'' | rowspan="2" |SBS MTV |- |2016 |''Hyuna X 19'' |- |2017 |''Triple H Detective Agency'' |KStar Cube TV |- |2017–2018 |''The Unit: Idol Rebooting Project'' |KBS2 |} == Discografi == * ''[[Bubble Pop!]]'' (2011) * ''[[Melting]]'' (2012) * ''[[A Talk]]'' (2014) * ''[[A+]]'' (2015) * ''[[A'wesome]]'' (2016) * ''[[Following]]'' (2017) * ''[[I'm Not Cool]]'' (2021) {| class="wikitable" |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |} == Tixraacyada == 67e5y7izyysu6isyy2lqwfnmfoqk80a Taxanaha telefishanka Bakistaan 0 36136 312268 296254 2026-11-11T07:56:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taxanaha telefishanka Bakistaan''' waa [[Taxane (raaddiyo iyo telefishan)|taxanayaal]] laga daawado taleefishinka [[Bakistaan]]. Inkastoo inta badan taxanaha taxanaha ah lagu soo saaro [[Urdu]], tiro sii kordheysa oo ka mid ah ayaa lagu soo saaray [[Luuqadaha Bakistaan|luqadaha kale ee Bakistaan]] sida [[Luqadda Sindhi|Sindhi]], [[Pashto]], [[Luqadda Punjabi|Punjabi]] iyo Balochi. Mid ka mid ah taxanayasha telefishinada ugu da'da weyn ee Bakistaan waa taxanaha Urdu ee ''[[Khuda Ki Basti]]'', taasoo la sii daayay 1969kii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1169324|title=Old but not forgotten: Top 10 Pakistani dramas to re-watch now|last=Ahmad|first=Bisma|date=13 March 2015|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> Taxanaha Bakistaan, sida meelaha kale, ayaa ka tarjumaya dhaqanka dalka.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-turkish-soap-operas-are-a-hit-in-pakistan-20418|title=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|website=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|language=en|access-date=11 April 2020|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=10 Bisha Afraad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410185411/https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-turkish-soap-operas-are-a-hit-in-pakistan-20418|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay ka caawiyeen inay soo jiitaan daawadayaasha dalka oo dhan talefishanka.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/indian-tv-channel-show-pakistani-soaps|title=Indians to get peek into daily lives of Pakistanis with new soap opera channel|first=Jon|last=Boone|date=23 June 2014|website=the Guardian}}</ref> Taxanaha ah ayaa laga daawadaa gudaha [[Hindiya]] waxaana caan ka ah wadamada kale ee [[koonfurta Aasiya]] oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Afgaanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv">{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/126730-The-Durand-Debate-Beyond-Boundaries-afghanistan-pakistan|title=The Durand Debate – Beyond Boundaries|website=www.geo.tv}}</ref> [[Bangladesh]]<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/650893/bangladesh-government-to-ban-pakistan-tv-channels/|title=Bangladesh cable operators seek ban on Pakistani TV channels - The Express Tribune|date=26 December 2013}}</ref> iyo [[Nebal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk|date=31 March 2017}}</ref> == Caan ka ah wadamada kale == === Bariga Dhexe === Sannadkii 2013-kii, Taxanaha Bakistaan ee ''[[Humsafar]]'' waxa loo beddelay [[Carabi]] waxaana sii daayay [[MBC Bollywood|MBC]] ee Bariga Dhexe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh) takes the Arab world by the storm|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2022-04-12|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081348/https://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="review it.pk">{{cite web|url=http://reviewit.pk/pak-dramas-take-the-arab-world-by-storm-zgh-to-be-dubbed-in-arabic-now/|title=Pakistani Dramas take the Arab World by storm – ZGH to be dubbed in Arabic now!|date=10 January 2014}}</ref> Bandhiga ayaa isla markiiba ku guulaystay wuxuuna noqday musalsalka ugu daawashada badan channelka. Intaa ka hor, taxanaha Bakistaan lagama sii dayn Bariga Dhexe. ''Humasafar'' ka dib, taxane kale sida ''[[Malaal]]'', ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'', ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'', ''[[Daastan]]'', ''[[Kadoorat]]'', ''Mera Naseeb'', ''[[Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu]]'', ''[[Noor Bano (taxane)|Noor Bano]]'', ''[[Dil-e-Muztar]]'', ''[[Khaani]]'', ''[[Gul-o-Gulzar]]'', ''[[Balaa]]'', ''[[Cheekh]]'', ''[[Do Bol]]'', ''[[Koi Chand Rakh]]'', ''[[Aisi Hai Tanhai]]'', iyo ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' waxa kale oo lagu naanaysi jiray Carabi.<ref name="review it.pk" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Cyberbullying drama Aesi Hai Tanhai gets an international release|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180617/cyberbullying-drama-aesi-hai-tanhai-gets-an-international-release|access-date=7 August 2018|work=Dawn|date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/465044-feroze-khan-on-khaani-airing-on-saudi-arabian-tv|title=Feroze Khan on Khaani airing on Saudi Arabian TV|last=Shabbir|first=Buraq|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/did-you-know-khaani-is-a-smash-hit-in-saudi-arabia/|title=Did you know? Khaani is a smash hit in Saudi Arabia|date=29 April 2019|website=Something Haute|language=en-US|access-date=31 May 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2 Bisha Shanaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051628/https://www.somethinghaute.com/did-you-know-khaani-is-a-smash-hit-in-saudi-arabia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashrqnews.com/post/141839/مسلسل-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-الاخيرة-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-30|title=مسلسل زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة الاخيرة .. زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة 30|last=نيوز|first=المشرق|date=2019-05-31|website=المشرق نيوز|language=ar|access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref> == Saamaynta bulshada == [[Dumarnimada ee Bakistaan|Dumarka Bakistaan]] waxay inta badan ka walaacsan yihiin muujinta haweenka ee taxanaha Bakistaan, waxay helaan qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuwa shaki iyo boos celin leh.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1531866|title=The contrite gender formula of Meray Paas Tum Ho and the portrayal of women in cultural scripts|last=Zia|first=Afiya S.|date=3 February 2020|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-date=4 Bisha Saddexaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304102801/https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tasneem Axmaar oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]], oo machadkeeda cilmi-baadhistu uu diiradda saarayo xidhiidhka haweenka iyo warbaahinta, cabashooyinka 99.99% ee taxanaha ah ee Pakistan waa [[Naag neceb|misogynist]], qarniyadii dhexe ee [[Xukunka raga|aabbanimada]] sawirkeeda iyo daaweynta arrimaha haweenka.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news|last=Sarfraz|first=Mehmal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-good-women-and-bad-women-of-serials/article30831052.ece|title=The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television|date=15 February 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Sannadka 2019-20, taxanaha ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]'' kaas oo mashaariic ku leh aragti muxaafid ah oo ku wajahan [[xidhiidhka guurka dheeraadka ah]] ah ayaa ku yimid dhabarka caddaynta [[Aurat March|dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda haweenka]] ee Bakistaan. Halka shacabka Bakistaan oo u badan muxaafid ay si weyn u soo dhaweeyeen taxanaha.<ref>https://www.indiapost.com/mere-paas-tum-ho-makes-you-believe-a-man-can-be-so-good/</ref> == Tixraac == [[Category:Taxanaha telefishanka]] 95sfq30gqlu57780seujushla8bngxa Soomaaliya 0 36928 312264 312015 2026-11-11T07:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soomaaliya''', sida rasmiga ah Jamhuuriyadda '''Federaalka Soomaaliya''' waa dalka bari ee qaaradda Afrika . Waxay ku fidsan tahay Geeska Afrika , waxay xad la wadaagtaa [[Itoobiya]] galbeed, [[Jabuuti]] waqooyi galbeed, [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed oo waqooyi, iyo bari [[badweynta Hindiya]] . Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika. Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 18.1 milyan, kuwaas oo 2.7 milyan ay ku nool yihiin caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee [[Muqdisho]] . Mid ka mid ah wadamada Afrika ee isku isir ahaan isku hayb ah, ku dhawaad ​​85% dadka Soomaaliya deggan waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah . Luuqadaha rasmiga ah ee dalka waa [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaali]] iyo [[carabi]] in kastoo [[Af Soomaali|af-soomaaligu]] yahay luuqadda koowaad . Soomaaliya waxay xiriir taariikhi ah iyo mid diimeed la leedahay dalalka Carabta . Dadku waa muslimiin , oo raacsan laanta sunniga . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Somalia | common_name = Somalia | native_name = {{native name|so|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya}}<br />{{native name|ar|جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية|italics=off}}<br /> Jumhūriyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirāliyah | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | coa_size = 100 | languages2_type = Luuqada labaad | languages2 = [[Carabi]] | national_anthem = {{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]}}<br /><br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Somalia_svg_map.svg|frameless]]<br />{{Legend|#336830|Dhulka gacanta lagu hayo}}{{Legend|#61E760|[[Somaliland|Dhul sheegta balse aan la xakameyn]]}}|Muuji adduunka|[[File:Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Muuji khariidadda Soomaaliya|default=1}} | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Muqdisho]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] <ref name=MFA>{{cite web|url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/the-government/|title=The Government|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation|access-date=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Ali>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Maryan|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa|editor1-first=Esther Mukewa|editor1-last=Lisanza|editor2-first=Leonard|editor2-last=Muaka|chapter=Language Policy in Somaliland and Somalia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|year=2024|isbn=9783031573071|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_24|pages=511–524}}</ref><ref name="factbook">{{cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |date=10 November 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125103534/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | religion = [[Islaam|Sunni Islaam]] (Rasmiga ah)<ref name="factbook"/> <!-- check factbook references before changing! --> | demonym = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] <ref name="factbook"/> | government_type = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyadda baarlamaanka Federal]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] | leader_title2 = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]] | legislature = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Aqalka Sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Guurtida]] | lower_house = Golaha Shacabka | sovereignty_type =Dhisidda | established_event1 = [[Dhul Udug]] | established_date1 = 2350 BC | established_event2 = [[Macrobians|Macrobia]] | established_date2 = 980 BC | established_event3 = [[Barbaria (region)|Barbaria]] | established_date3 = 100 BC | established_event4 = [[Saldanadii Cadal]] | established_date4 = Qarniga 9aad <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ |title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho |date=1969 |publisher=International African Institute |pages=140 |language=en}}</ref> | established_event5 = [[Muqdisho|Saldanadii Muqdisho]] | established_date5 = Qarniga 10aad | established_event6 = [[Saldanadi Ifat]] | established_date6 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event7 = [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan]] | established_date7 = Qarniga 13aad | established_event8 = [[Hiraab|Hiraab Imamate]] | established_date8 = Qarniga 16aad | established_event9 = [[Geledi|Saldanadii Geledi]] | established_date9 = 1695–1911 | established_event10 = [[ Majeerteen |Saldanadii Majeerteen]] | established_date10 = 1648–1927 | established_event11 = [[Hobyo|Saldanadii Hobyo]] | established_date11 = 1878–1927 | established_event12 = [[Isimtooyada Isaaq|Saldanadii isaaq]] | established_date12 = 1749–1884 | established_event13 = [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] | established_date13 = 1884 | established_event14 = [[Mustacmarka Talyaani Soomaaliya|Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga]] | established_date14 = 1889 | established_event15 = [[Maalinta Madaxbanaanida Soomaaliya|Xorriyadda]] iyo midowga la leh [[Dawladii Somaliland (1960)|Dawlada Somaliland]] | established_date15 = 1 July 1960 | established_event16 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date16 = 1 Ogosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657<ref name="factbook"/> | area_rank = 43aad <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 19,280,850<ref name="data.humdata.org">{{Cite web |title=OCHA Somalia - Subnational Population Statistics |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ps-som}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 66aad | population_density_km2 = 27.2<ref name="WPP_2022">{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|title=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects|edition=online|publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division|website=population.un.org|access-date=16 July 2022|archive-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711213112/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $34.118 bilyan<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Somalia – IMF DataMapper |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |website=imf.org |publisher=[[IMF]] |date=April 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $1,965<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 179aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $14.174 bilyan<ref name="auto"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 145aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $813<ref name="auto"/> | Gini = 36.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|access-date=24 September 2024|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only-->0.404 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 192aad | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali|Soomaali shillin]] | currency_code = SOS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]]: 85% * [[Tirakoobka daljoogaha Soomaaliya|Kuwa kale ]]: 15% }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="factbook"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3QwAQAAIAAJ|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho|date=1998|publisher=Red Sea Press|isbn=978-1-56902-104-0|language=en}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 }} Waagii hore, Soomaaliya waxay ahayd xarun ganacsi oo muhiim ah. Intii lagu guda jiray qarniyadii dhexe, dhowr boqortooyo oo xoog badan ayaa ka talinayay ganacsiga gobolka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Suldaanka Ajuran]] , [[Adal Sultanate]] , iyo Suldaanka Geledi . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, suldaanadii Soomaaliyeed waxa gumaystay boqortooyadii [[Talyaaniga]] iyo [[Ingiriiska]] kuwaas oo dhammaan dhulalkaas qabyaaladda isugu daray laba gumaysi oo kala ah : Somaliland-kii Talyaaniga iyo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Somaliland|Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska]] . 1960kii, labada dhul ayaa midoobay si ay u dhistaan ​​Jamhuuriyad Soomaaliyeed oo madax bannaan oo hoos timaada dowlad rayid ah. Siyaad Barre oo ka tirsanaa Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka la wareegay 1969-kii, wuxuuna aasaasay [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya|Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga]] ahayd ee Soomaaliya , isagoo isku dayay inuu si naxariis darro ah u burburiyo Dagaalkii Madax-bannaanida [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]] ee waqooyiga dalka. SRC waxay burburtay 1991 markii uu bilaabmay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya . Dawladdii ku meel gaadhka ahayd ee Soomaaliya (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay 2000, ka dibna waxaa la dhisay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee Soomaaliya (TFG) 2004tii, taasoo dib u soo celisay ciidamadii qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya . Dhamaadkii 2006dii, duullaan ay Xabashida Maraykanku dabada ka riixayeen ayaa afgambiyay Maxkamadihii Islaamiga ahaa (ICU), taasoo keentay in ay dawladda ku meel gaadhka ah ee [[Muqdisho]] ka dhisto Muqdisho oo ay ciidammada Itoobiya qabsadeen . Kacdoonkii xigay ee soo shaac baxay ayaa maxaakiimta u kala jabay jabhado kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto kooxda xagjirka ah ee [[al-Shabaab]] , kuwaas oo dagaal daba dheeraaday kula jiray ciidamada Itoobiya. Al-Shabaab waxay markiiba bilawday inay xaqiijiso in ay ka talinayso dhuleed markii ugu horaysay, iyadoo dabayaaqadii 2008 ay jabhadu ka saartay ciidamada Itoobiya inta badan Soomaaliya. Sannadkii 2009, dawlad cusub oo TFG ah ayaa la dhisay. Bartamihii 2012, al-Shabaab waxay lumisay inta badan dhulalkeeda intii ay socdeen dagaalladii ka dhanka ahaa TFG iyo [[ciidamada Midowga Afrika]] . Isla sanadkaas, al-Shabaab waxay ballan-qaadday inay la midoobayaan al-Qaacida . Muqaawamada ayaa weli gacanta ku haysa inta badan bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, waxayna saameyn ku leeyihiin meelaha ay dowladdu maamusho, iyadoo magaalada Jilib ay u tahay caasimadda u ah fallaagada. Dastuur cusub oo ku meel gaar ah ayaa la ansixiyay Agoosto 2012, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay Soomaaliya sida federaal . Isla bishaas, waxaa la dhisay Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya , waxaana dib u dhis lagu sameeyay Muqdisho. Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka, waxaana daliil u ah sida ay u qiimeeyeen mitirka mitirka sida GDP qofkiiba iyo halka ay ku dhowdahay halka ugu hooseysa ee Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha , waxa ay ka sareysaa oo kaliya Koonfurta Suudaan . Waxay ilaalisay dhaqaale aan rasmi ahayn oo inta badan ku salaysan xoolaha nool, xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee dibadda ka shaqeeya iyo isgaarsiinta. Waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] , Midowga Afrika , Dhaqdhaqaaq aan Isbahaysi ahayn , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , iyo Ururka [[Islaam|Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Asalka erayga== Samaale, oo ah awoowaha ugu da'da weyn dhowr qabiil oo Soomaaliyeed, ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay halka uu ka soo jeedo magaca Soomaali. Aragti kale ayaa ah in magaca loo haysto inuu ka soo jeedo ereyada "soo" iyo "maal", kuwaas oo marka la isu geeyo macnahoodu yahay "tag" iyo "caano". Fasiraaddani way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran gobolka, iyadoo Soomaalida waqooyi ay tilmaamayso inay ula jeedaan "tag iyo caano" oo la xiriira caanaha geela, halka Soomaalida koonfureed ay adeegsadaan tarjumaadda "sa' maal" oo tilmaamaysa caanaha lo'da. Tani waxay tilmaan u tahay xoolo-dhaqatada meel walba leh ee dadka Soomaaliyeed. Aragtiyo kale ayaa soo jeedinaya in ereyga Soomaali uu ka yimid erey Carabi ah oo macnihiisu yahay "hodan", taas oo mar kale tilmaamaysa hodantinimada Soomaalida ee xoolaha. Taa beddelkeeda, magaca Soomaaliga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka yimid Automoli (Asmach), oo ahayd koox dagaalyahanno ah oo ka timid Masar hore, kuwaas oo uu ku tilmaamay Herodotus. Asmach waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ahaa magacooda Masaariga, halka Automoli uu yahay asal Giriig ah oo ka yimid ereyga Cibraaniga ah ee S'mali (macnaha "dhinaca bidixda"). Dukumeenti Shiinees ah oo laga soo xigtay qarnigii 9-aad Miilaadiga ayaa tilmaamaya xeebaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya, oo markaas ka mid ahaa gobolka ballaaran ee Waqooyi-bari Afrika ee loo yaqaan Barbaria, iyada oo loola jeedo dadka deggan Barbars (Kuushitik) ee deegaanka, sida Po-pa-li. Tixraac qoraaleedkii ugu horreeyay ee cad ee magaca Soomaalida wuxuu soo bilaabmay horraantii qarnigii 15-aad Miilaadiga xilligii boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Isxaaq I, kaas oo mid ka mid ah saraakiisha maxkamaddiisu qoray hees uu ugu dabaaldegayo guushii milatari ee ay ka gaareen Saldanadda Ifat. Simur wuxuu kaloo ahaa magac Harari qadiimi ah oo loogu yeeri jiray dadka Soomaaliyeed. Soomaalidu waxay si weyn u door bidaan ereyga "Soomaali" marka loo eego "Soomaaliga", maadaama kan hore uu yahay halqabsi, halka kan dambe uu yahay qaab laba-jibbaaran ah. Ereyga af-Soomaaliga marka laga eego juqraafi-siyaasadeed ahaan waxaa loola jeedaa dadka Horn of Africa, kuwaas oo ka tirsan qowmiyadda Kuush. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda ka hor=== [[File:Laas Geel single cow.jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka Neolithic ee dhismaha Laas Geel oo muujinaya sac gees-dheer]] Soomaaliya waxay u badan tahay inay ka mid ahayd dhulkii ugu horreeyay ee ay dageen bini'aadam hore, iyadoo loo eegayo meesha ay ku taal. Ugaarsadayaasha oo hadhow Afrika ka haajiray waxay u badan tahay inay halkan degeen ka hor intaanay guurin. Intii lagu jiray xilligii dhagaxa, dhaqamada Dooyan iyo reer Hargeysa ayaa halkan ku soo barbaaray. Caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee caadooyinka aaska Geeska Afrika waxay ka timid qabuuraha Soomaaliya ilaa qarnigii 4aad ee BC. Qalabka dhagaxa ah ee laga soo qaaday goobta Jaleelo ee waqooyiga ayaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay 1909 inay yihiin farshaxanno muhiim ah oo muujinaya caalimnimada qadiimiga ah inta lagu jiro Paleolithic ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay khubarada afafka, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku hadla Afafka ayaa yimid gobolka intii lagu jiray xilligii Neolithic ee xigay oo ka yimid qoyska urheimat ee la soo jeediyay ("Dhulka asalka ah") ee dooxada Niil , ama Bariga dhow . Dhismaha Laas -geel oo ku yaalla duleedka magaalada Hargeysa ee Waqooyi-galbeed Soomaaliya ayaa soo jirtay qiyaastii 5,000 oo sano, waxaana ku yaalla farshaxanno dhagax ah oo muujinaya xayawaanka duur-joogta ah iyo lo'da la qurxiyay. Sawirro kale oo godad ah ayaa laga helay gobolka Dhambalin ee woqooyiga , kaas oo ka muuqda mid ka mid ah sawirradii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ugaarsiga fardaha. Farshaxanka dhagaxa waxa uu taariikhdiisu ahayd 1,000 ilaa 3,000 BCE. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Laas-Khorey iyo Ceel Ayo ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya waxaa ku taal Karinhegane , oo ah goobta lagu sawiray godad fara badan, kuwaas oo wadar ahaan lagu qiyaasay ilaa 2,500 oo sano Geela waxa la rumaysan yahay in uu ku dhaqmi jiray gobolka Geeska intii u dhaxaysay qarnigii 2aad iyo 3aad ee BC. Halkaa waxa ay ku fiday Masar iyo Maghrib . ===Waagii qadiimiga iyo qadiimiga ahaa=== [[File:Men from Punt Carrying Gifts, Tomb of Rekhmire MET 30.4.152 EGDP013029.jpg|thumb|Rag reer Punt ah oo sita hadiyado, Qabriga Rekhmire .]] Dhismayaasha Ahraamta qadiimiga ah , Mowlacyo , magaalooyin burburay iyo gidaaryo dhagax ah, sida darbigii Wargade , waxay daliil u yihiin ilbaxnimo hore oo ka hanaqaadi jirtay gayiga Soomaaliyeed. Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku naaloonaysay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd Masar hore iyo Giriiggii Mycenaean tan iyo qarnigii labaad ee BC . Puntites oo u dhashay gobolka waxay ka ganacsan jireen malmalka , xawaashka, dahabka, eboniga, lo'da gees-gaaban, fool-maroodi iyo fooxa oo ay la socdeen Masaarida, Finiisiyaanka, Baabiliyiinta, Hindida, Shiinaha iyo Roomaanka iyaga oo u maraya dekedahooda ganacsi. Duulaan Masri ah oo ay u soo dirtay boqortooyadii 18-aad ee boqorad Hatshepsut ayaa lagu duubay macbudka Deir el-Bahari , xilligii boqortooyadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo Queen Ati. Waagii qadiimiga ahaa , Macrobiyaanka , oo laga yaabo in ay awoow u ahaayeen Soomaalida, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo awood leh oo ka talinaysay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Soomaaliya casriga ah. Waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray cimrigooda iyo maalkooda, waxaana la sheegay inay ahaayeen kuwa ugu dheer oo ugu quruxda badan ragga oo dhan. Macrobiyadu waxay ahaayeen dagaalyahanno xoolo-dhaqato ah iyo badmaaxayaal. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabta Herodotus, Imbaraadoorkii Faaris Cambyses II , markii uu qabsaday Masar 525 BC, wuxuu u diray safiirro Macrobia, isagoo u keenay hadiyado qaali ah boqorka Macrobiya si uu u soo gudbiyo. Hogaamiyihii Macrobiya oo lagu doortay dhererkiisa iyo quruxdiisa, waxa uu taa beddelkeeda kaga jawaabay loolan uu dhiggiisa Beershiya uga dhigay qaanso aan xidhnayn: haddii Faaris ay awoodaan in ay sawiraan, waxa ay xaq u yeelan lahaayeen in ay dalkiisa ku soo duulaan; laakiin ilaa iyo markaas, waa in ay u mahad naqayaa ilaahyada in Macrobians waligood go'aansan in ay ku duulaan boqortooyadooda. Macrobians-ku waxay ahaayeen awood gobol oo lagu asteeyay qaab-dhismeedkooda horumarsan iyo hantidooda dahabka ah , taas oo aad u badan oo ay maxaabiistooda ku xidheen silsilado dahab ah. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadiimiga ah, gobollada Barbara ee Mosylon , Opone , Mundus , Isis , Malao , Avalites , Essina , Nikon iyo Sarapion waxay sameeyeen shabakad ganacsi oo faa'iido leh, oo ku xiran ganacsato ka timid Ptolemaic Masar , Giriiggii hore , Fenisiya , Parthian Persian , Boqortooyadii Roomaanka , Boqortooyada Saban , Nabata . Waxay isticmaali jireen markabkii qadiimiga ahaa ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaanay beden si ay shixnadooda u daabulaan. [[File:Beden.jpg|thumb|Beden waa mid dheereeya, oo qadiimi ah markab badeed keligiis ah ama laba-jibbaaran.]] Ka dib qabsashadii Roomaanku ee Boqortooyadii Nabataean iyo joogitaankii ciidamada badda ee Roomaanka ee Cadan si ay u xakameeyaan budhcad-badeedda, ganacsato Carbeed iyo Soomaali ah waxay ku heshiiyeen Roomaanku in maraakiibta Hindiya laga mamnuuco inay ka ganacsadaan magaalooyinka dekedaha xorta ah ee Jasiiradda Carabta si loo ilaaliyo danaha ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ee ganacsiga faa'iidada badan leh ee u dhexeeya badaha Cas iyo Mediterranean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay sii wadeen ganacsiga magaalooyinka dekedaha ah ee jasiiradda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo ka madax bannaan faragelinta Roomaanka. Qarniyo badan, ganacsatadii Hindidu waxay Soomaaliya iyo Carabta u keeni jireen tiro badan oo qorfe ah Ceylon iyo Jasiiradaha Spice . Meesha laga helo qorfaha iyo xawaashka kale waxa la sheegaa in ay ahayd sirta ugu fiican ee ay ka heli jireen ganacsatadii Carabta iyo Soomaalida ee ka ganacsan jiray Rome iyo Giriigga; Roomaanka iyo Giriiggu waxay rumaysnaayeen in isha laga soo xigtay ay ahayd jasiiradda Soomaalida. Heshiiskii wada shaqayneed ee dhexmaray ganacsatada Soomaalida iyo Carabta ayaa sicir barar ku keenay qiimaha qorfaha Hindiya iyo Shiinaha ee Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga dhow iyo Yurub, wuxuuna ganacsiga qorfaha ka dhigay mid dakhli abuur ah oo faa'iido badan leh, gaar ahaan ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed. ===Dhalashada Islaamka iyo qarniyadii dhexe=== [[File:Silk route.jpg|thumb|Waddada xariirta oo ku fidsan Shiinaha ilaa koonfurta Yurub, Carabta, Soomaaliya, Masar, Faaris, Hindiya, iyo Java]] Islamka waxa deegaanka soo galiyay horraantii muslimiintii ugu horaysay ee ka soo carartay dacwooyinkii xiijii ugu horaysay iyada oo Masjid al-Qiblatayn ee Saylac laga dhisay ka hor inta aanu Qiblada u socon dhanka Maka . Waa mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu faca weyn Afrika. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 9aad, Al-Yaqubi waxa uu qoray in Muslimiintu ay ku noolaayeen hareeraha badda woqooyi ee Soomaaliya. Waxa kale oo uu xusay in Boqortooyada Adal ay caasimad u ahayd magaalada. Sida uu qabo Leo Africanus , Adal Sultanate waxa maamuli jiray boqortooyo Soomaaliyeed oo deegaanka ah , dhulkeeduna waxa uu ka koobnaa dhulka juqraafi ahaan u dhexeeya Bab el Mandeb iyo Gacanka Gardafuu. Sidaas waxaa dhanka koonfureed uga xigay Boqortooyadii Ajuuraan , dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xigay Boqortooyadii Xabashida . Qarniyadii dhexe oo dhan waxa Somaliland yimi dad Carbeed, waayo-aragnimo taariikhi ah oo hadhow horseedi doonta sheekooyinka halyeyga ah ee sheekhyadii Muslimiinta sida Daarood iyo Isxaaq Binu Axmed (oo la sheegay in ay ka soo jeedaan beelaha Daarood iyo Isaaq , siday u kala horreeyaan) iyaga oo ka soo socdaalay Carabta una socdaalay Soomaaliya kuna guursaday qabiilka Dir ee deegaanka . Sannadkii 1332-kii, Boqorkii Adal ee Saylac ahaa ayaa lagu dilay olole millatari oo ujeedkiisu ahaa in la hakiyo socodkii ay magaalada ku soo jeedday Amda Seyon 1aad ee Xabashida. Markii Suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Ifat, Sacad Ad-Diin II, lagu dilay Saylac 1410 , caruurtiisii ​​waxay u baxsadeen Yaman, ka hor intaysan ku soo laaban 1415 . II, oo saldhig cusub ka samaystay Yemen ka dib [[File:Imaam Ahmed Gurey.jpg|thumb|Taalada Axmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , Imaamkii Boqortooyada Adal]] Xarunteedii Adal ayaa mar kale loo raray qarnigii xigay, markan dhanka koonfureed waxa loo raray Harar . Caasimaddan cusub, Adal waxa uu abaabulay ciidan wax ku ool ah oo uu hoggaaminayo Imaam Axmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi , (Ahmad "Gurey" ama "Gran"; labaduba waxay ka dhigan yihiin "gacanta bidix") iyo Jeneraalka ugu dhow dhow iyo seedigii Garaad Mataan . Qabiilka Imaam Axmed waxaa la caddeeyey inay ka soo jeedaan Geri Koombe , oo ah jifada Daarood. Ololahan qarniga 16-aad waxaa taariikh ahaan loo yaqaanaa Gumeysiga Xabashida ( Futuh al-Habash). Intii uu dagaalka socday, Imaam Axmad waxa uu hormood u noqday adeegsiga madfac ay ka heli jirtay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, kuwaas oo uu ka soo waariday Saylac oo uu ku soo daad-gureeyey ciidamadii Xabashida iyo xulafadooda Bortuqiisku ee uu hoggaaminayay Cristovão da Gama . Xilligii Ajuuraan Saldanada , magaalooyinka iyo jamhuuriyadaha Marka , Muqdisho , Baraawa , Hobyo iyo dekedooda waxay lahaayeen ganacsi faa'iido badan oo shisheeye ah oo ay ka heli jireen maraakiib u kala goosha dalalka Carabta, Hindiya, Venetia , Paris, Masar, Portugal iyo ilaa Shiinaha. Vasco da Gama , oo soo maray Muqdisho qarnigii 15-aad, ayaa xusay inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo ay ku yaallaan dhowr dabaq oo dhaadheer iyo daaro waaweyn oo ku yaalla bartamaha magaalada, iyadoo ay u dheer tahay masaajidyo badan oo leh minaarado cylindrical ah. Harla , oo ah koox hore oo Hamitic ah oo dhererkeedu dheeraa oo degi jiray qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya, Tchertcher iyo meelo kale oo Geeska ah, waxay sidoo kale dhiseen tuuli kala duwan . Dhagarqabayaashan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay awoow u ahaayeen qowmiyadaha Soomaalida. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|[[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|Ajuran Sultanate]] waxa ay sii waday xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd boqortooyadii Ming iyo boqortooyooyinkii kale.]] Qarnigii 16-aad, Duarte Barboosa waxa uu xusay in maraakiib badan oo ka timid Boqortooyadii Cambaya ee waqtigan casriga ah ee Hindiya ay u shiraacdeen Muqdisho iyagoo wata maryo iyo xawaash, taas beddelkeedana ay heleen dahab, dhux iyo fool maroodi. Barbosa waxa kale oo ay iftiimisay hilibka, sarreenka, shaciga, fardaha iyo khudaarta ee suuqyada xeebaha, kuwaas oo ganacsatadu ka soo saarteen hanti aad u badan. Muqdisho, oo ah xarunta warshadaha dharka ee kobcaya ee loo yaqaan toob benadir ( oo ku takhasusay suuqyada Masar, iyo meelo kale , oo ay weheliyaan Merca iyo Barawa, waxay sidoo kale u ahayd meel ay ku sii maraan ganacsatada Sawaaxiliga ee Mombasa iyo Malindi iyo ganacsiga dahabka ee Kilwa . Ganacsato Yuhuudi ah oo ka timid Hormuz waxay keeneen dharkoodii Hindida iyo miraha badda Soomaaliya si ay ugu beddelaan hadhuudh iyo alwaax. Xiriirka ganacsiga waxaa la aasaasay Malacca qarnigii 15aad, oo leh maro, ambergris iyo porcelain oo ah badeecadaha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsiga. Geri, zebras iyo fooxa ayaa loo dhoofin jiray Boqortooyadii Ming ee Shiinaha, taasoo ka dhigtay ganacsatada Soomaalida inay hormuud ka noqdaan ganacsiga u dhexeeya Bariga Aasiya iyo Geeska. Ganacsato Hinduuga ah oo ka soo jeeda Surat iyo ganacsatada Koonfur-bari Afrikaanka ee Pate , iyagoo doonaya inay ka gudbaan labada go'doominta Boortaqiiska ee Hindiya (iyo markii dambe faragelintii Cumaan), waxay adeegsadeen dekedaha Soomaaliya ee Merca iyo Barawa (kuwaas oo ka baxsan xukunka tooska ah ee labada awoodood) si ay ganacsigooda ugu sameeyaan ammaan iyo faragelin la'aan. ===Waagii hore ee casriga ah iyo u halgamidda Afrika=== [[File:Mogadishu1936.jpg|thumb|magaalada Muqdisho ee xarunta dalka Talyaaniga ayaa waxaa ku yaalla xarunta kaniisada Kathedral-ka ee Catholic-ga iyo taallada weyn ee lagu maamuusayo Boqor Umberto I ee Talyaaniga.]] Waagii hore ee casriga ahaa , dawladihii bedeli lahaa Adal Sultanate iyo Ajuran Sultanate waxay bilaabeen inay ka koraan Soomaaliya. Waxaa ka mid ahaa Imaamyadii Hiraab , Suldaan Isaaq oo uu hoggaaminayay reer Guuleed , Suldaankii Habr Yuunis oo uu hoggaaminayey reer Caynaanshe , Suldaankii Geledi (Boqortooyadii Gobroon), Saldanada Majeerteen (Migiurtinia), iyo Saldanadda Hobyo . Waxay sii wateen dhaqankii qalcado-dhisidda iyo ganacsiga badda mara ee ay aasaaseen boqortooyooyinkii hore ee Soomaaliya. Suldaan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim oo ahaa Suldaankii Sadexaad ee Golaha Deegaanka Gobroon ayaa Bilaabay Taariikhdii dahabiga ahayd ee Boqortooyadii Gobroon. Ciidankiisu waxay guulo ka soo hoyeen Jihaadka Baardheere, kaasoo dib u soo celiyay xasiloonidii Gobolka, dib u soo nooleeyay ganacsigii fool-maroodiga ee Bariga Afrika . Waxa kale oo uu lahaa xidhiidh wanaagsan oo uu hadiyado ka heli jiray saldanada boqortooyooyinka dariska iyo kuwa fog sida Cumaan, Witu iyo salaadiinta Yemen. Inankii Suldaan Ibraahim Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu ku beddelay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadkii ugu muhiimsanaa ee qarnigii 19-aad ee Bariga Afrika, isaga oo ka heli jiray abaal-marinno guddoomiyeyaasha Cumaan, isla markaana abuuray isbahaysi qoysas Muslimiin ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool xeebaha Bariga Afrika Somaliland waxa la aas aasay Suldaanka Isaaq 1750. Suldaanka Isaaq waxa uu ahaa boqortooyo Somaliyeed oo ka talinaysay qaybo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Waxay ku teedsantay dhulka beesha Isaaq , oo ka soo farcamay qabiilka Banu Haashim , ee Somaliland iyo Itoobiya maanta. Suldaanka waxaa maamuli jiray garabka Rer Guuleed oo uu aasaasay suldaankii ugu horeeyay ee beesha Ciidagale Suldaan Guuleed Cabdi . Sida dhaqanka afka ah lagu sheegay, ka hor reer Guuleed beesha Isaaq waxaa ka talin jiray boqortooyo laanta Toljeclo oo ka soo jeeda reer Axmed oo lagu naanaysi jiray Tol Jeelo, oo ahaa curadkii Sheekh Isxaaq xaaskiisii ​​Harari . Guud ahaan waxa jiray sideed taliye Toljelo ah oo uu ugu horreeyo Boqor Haaruun ( Soomaali : Boqor Haaruun ) oo soo xukumayay Suldaan Isaaq qarniyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 13aad. Garaad Dhux Barar ( Somali : Dhuux Baraar ) waxaa afgambiyay isbahaysigii beelaha Isaaq. Toljeelo oo berigii hore xoog lahaa way kala firxadeen oo waxay gabaad ka dhigteen Habr Awal oo ay ilaa hadda inta badan la nool yihiin. Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, shirkii Berlin ee 1884 ka dib, quwadaha reer Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay u halgamaan Afrika . Sannadkaas, maxmiyad Ingiriis ayaa lagaga dhawaaqay qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya, oo ku taal xeebta Afrika ee ka soo horjeeda Yementa Koonfureed. Bilowgii, gobolkani wuxuu ku hoos jiray xukunka Xafiiska Hindiya, sidaas darteedna loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyada Hindiya; 1898-kii waxa loo wareejiyay maamulka London. 1889kii, maxmiyaddii iyo gumaysigii Soomaaliya ee Talyaanigu si rasmi ah u aasaasay Talyaanigu iyadoo loo marayo heshiisyo kala duwan oo ay la saxeexdeen madax iyo suldaanno badan; Suldaan Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid ayaa markii ugu horreysay codsi u diray Talyaaniga dabayaaqadii Diseembar 1888 si uu Suldaannimadiisa Hobyo uga dhigo maxmiyad Talyaani ah ka hor inta uusan markii dambe saxiixin heshiis 1889 [[File:Hobyo Sultanate Cavalry And Fort.jpg|thumb|Fardooley iyo dhufeyskii Hobyo Sultanate]] Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dervish ayaa si guul leh u celiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska afar jeer waxayna ku qasbeen inay dib ugu noqdaan gobolka xeebta. Daraawiishtu waxay jebisay gumaystihii Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska, Xabashida marar badan, gaar ahaan, guushii 1903-dii ee Cagaarweyne ee uu hoggaaminayey Suleymaan Aaden Galaydh , waxay ku khasabtay Boqortooyadii Ingriiska inay dib ugu gurtaan gobolka xeebta horraantii 1900aadkii. Dervishes ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga adkaaday 1920-kii xoogga hawada Ingiriiska. Bilawgii Faashiistaha horraantii 1920-aadkii waxa ay ku bishaaraysay is-beddelka istiraatijiyadda Talyaanigu, iyadoo suldaannada waqooyi-bari dhawaan lagu khasbi lahaa soohdinta La Grande Somalia (" Soomaali-weyn ") sida uu qorshuhu ahaa Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa. Markii uu yimid Badhasaab Cesare Maria De Vecchi 15-kii December 1923kii, waxa bilaabmay in wax iska beddelaan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland oo loo yaqaanay Italian Somaliland . Dhulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Talyaanigu ka helo Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa Oltre Giuba , gobolka Jubaland ee maanta , 1925. [[File:Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan.jpeg|thumb|Taalada Mohammed Abdullah Hassan , Hogaamiyihii Daraawiishta]] Talyaanigu wuxuu bilaabay mashruucyo kaabayaasha deegaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha isbitaallo, beero iyo dugsiyo. Talyaanigii Faashiistaha ahaa , ee Benito Mussolini , wuxuu weeraray Xabashida (Itoobiya) 1935, ujeeddadiisuna ahayd inay gumeysato. Duulaankaas waxaa cambaareeyey Ururka Jimciyadda Quruumaha ka dhaxaysa , balse wax yar lagama qaban sidii loo joojin lahaa ama looga xorayn lahaa gumaysiga Itoobiya. 1936kii, Soomaaliyadii Talyaanigu waxay ku biirtay Bariga Afrika ee Talyaanigu , oo ay weheliso Ereteriya iyo Itoobiya, oo ah Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliya . 3-dii Agoosto 1940-kii, ciidamadii Talyaanigu oo ay ku jireen cutubyo ka tirsan gumaystaha Soomaaliya, ayaa ka soo tallaabay Itoobiya si ay u soo galaan Somaliland , 14kii Agoosto, waxay ku guuleysteen inay Berbera ka qabsadaan Ingiriiska. Ciidan Ingiriis ah oo ay ku jiraan ciidamo ka socda dalal badan oo Afrikaan ah ayaa bishii January 1941kii ka bilaabay Kenya ololihii ay ku xorreeyeen British Somaliland iyo Itoobiya oo Talyaanigu gumaysan jiray, una qabsan lahaa Somaliland Talyaani. Bishii Feebarweri inta badan Somaliland Talyaanigu waa la qabsaday, bishii Maarj, Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waa lagala wareegay badda. Ciidamadii Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska ee ka hawl-gala Somaliland waxay ka koobnaayeen saddex qaybood oo kala ahaa Koonfur Afrika, Galbeedka Afrika iyo Ciidamada Bariga Afrika. Waxa kaalmaynayay ciidammadii Somaliyeed ee uu hogaaminayay C/laahi Xasan iyadoo ay si wayn uga qayb galeen Somalida beesha Isaaq , Dhulbahante iyo Warsangali . Tirada Soomaalida Talyaanigu waxay bilawday inay hoos u dhacdo ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, iyada oo in ka yar 10,000 ay soo hartay 1960. ===Madaxbanaanidii (1960-1969)=== Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Ingiriisku waxa uu sii haystay gacan ku haynta British Somaliland iyo Somaliland Somaliland oo ah maxmiyad. 1945kii, intii lagu jiray shirkii Potsdam , Qaramada Midoobay waxay u oggolaatay Talyaanigu inuu Talyaanigu u dhiibo Talyaani Somaliland inuu noqdo dhul-xakameedka Somaliland , iyadoo shuruud looga dhigay markii ugu horreysay ee ay soo jeediyaan xisbigii SYL iyo ururradii kale ee curdinka ahaa ee siyaasadda Soomaaliya, sida Xizbiya DigilMirifle Soomaali (HDMS) iyo Ururka Qaranka Soomaalida (SNL) — gudaha Soomaaliya ay ku hesho madaxbannaani toban sano gudahood. British Somaliland waxay ahaan jirtay maxmiyad Ingiriiska ilaa 1960 [[File:Chieftains of the Isaaq clan cropped.jpg|thumb|Madaxdii beesha Isaaq oo Hargeysa lagu sawiray 1958 kii markii Duke & Duchess of Gloucester booqasho ku yimaadeen Somaliland.]] Ilaa heer uu Talyaanigu dhulkaas ku haysto amarka Qaramada Midoobay, qodobbada ammaanadu waxay siiyeen Soomaalida fursad ay khibrad ugu yeeshaan waxbarashada siyaasadda reer galbeedka iyo is-xukunka. Waxa ay ahaayeen faa’iidooyin aanay lahayn British Somaliland, oo la rabay in lagu daro dawladnimada cusub ee Soomaaliya. In kasta oo 1950-meeyadii saraakiisha gumaystaha Ingiriiska ay isku dayeen, dadaallo horumarineed oo maamul oo kala duwan, si ay uga soo kabtaan dayacaadii hore, maxmiyadku waxa ay fadhiid ku noqotay horumarka maamulka siyaasadda. Farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhul ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo waayo-aragnimada siyaasadeed ayaa hadhow keeni doonta dhibaatooyin culus oo isku dhafan labada qaybood. [[File:Mogadishu city centre - 1960s.jpg|thumb|1963kii oo ku yaal bartamaha magaalada Muqdisho]] Dhanka kale, 1948-kii, cadaadis kaga yimid xulafadooda Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Soomaalidana ay aad uga xumaadeen, Ingriisku wuxuu dib u soo celiyay Haud (Dhul daaqsimeed Soomaaliyeed oo muhiim ah oo loo maleynayo inuu ilaalinayay heshiisyadii Ingiriiska uu la galay Soomaalida 1884 iyo 1886) iyo Gobolka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya, taasoo ku saleysan heshiis ay saxiixeen 1897-kii oo ay ka soo horjeedaan Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ee Menelik oo ay suurtagal tahay in Boqortooyadii Itoobiya ay ku beddesho Imbaraadoor. Faransiisku. Ingriiska ayaa ku daray shuruud ah in dadka Soomaalida ah ay sii haysanayaan ismaamulkooda, laakiin Itoobiya ayaa isla markiiba sheegatay inay iyadu leedahay madax-bannaanideeda. Taasi waxay keentay in 1956-kii uu Ingiriisku ku guul darraystay inuu dib u iibsado dhulkii Soomaaliyeed ee uu la wareegay. Ingriisku waxa uu sidoo kale siiyay maamulka ku dhawaad ​​​​Soomaalida ay degto Waqooyiga xudduudaha Waqooyi (NFD) wadaniiyiinta Kenya. Tani waxay ahayd in kasta oo ay raali ka tahay , sida laga soo xigtay guddigii gumaystaha Ingiriiska, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qowmiyadaha Soomaalida ee dhulkaas degganaa waxay door bideen inay ku biiraan Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya ee dhawaan la sameeyay. Waxa sannadkii 1958- kii ka qabsoontay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti (oo loo yaqaannay Faransiiska Somaliland ) sannadkii 1958-kii, maalintii ay Soomaaliya xornimada qaadatay sannadkii 1960-kii, si go'aan looga gaadho in lagu biiro Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya iyo in kale iyo inay ka sii mid ahaato Faransiiska. Aftidu waxay u soo baxday in la sii wado xidhiidhka Faransiiska, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku-darka haa ee ay ku codeeyeen qoomiyada Canfarta iyo dadka degan Yurub. Waxa kale oo jirtay ku shubasho codbixineed oo baahsan, iyada oo Faransiisku uu ka eryay kumannaan Soomaali ah ka hor inta aanay aftidu gaadhin goobaha codbixinta. Inta badan dadka 'maya' ku codeeyay waxay ahaayeen Soomaali aad u taageersan inay ku biiraan Soomaaliya oo mid ah, sida uu soo jeediyay Maxamuud Xarbi , Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Golaha Xukuumadda. Xarbi ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed labo sano kadib. Djibouti ugu dambayntii waxay xornimada ka qaadatay Faransiiska 1977, iyo Hassan Gouled Aptidoon , oo ahaa Soomaali oo u ololaynayey "haa" codbixintii 1976, aakhirkii wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Jabuuti (1977-1999). [[File:President Aden Adde alongside Prime minister Sharmarke.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Aadan Cadde oo uu weheliyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma’arke oo Salaaddii Ciidda 1964-kii ku Tukaday Masjidka Arbaca Rukun]] 26 June 1960 -kii Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska waxa ay xornimadeeda qaadatay 26 June 1960. 1dii Luulyo 1960kii waxa xornimada qaatay dhulkii la isku halayn lahaa ee Somaliland, labadoodiina waxay ku midoobeen dhismihii Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliya , in kasta oo ay ku jireen xuduud ay kala sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Dawlad ay dhiseen Cabdullaahi Ciise iyo Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan dawladihii ammaanada iyo maxmiyad ahaa, iyadoo Cabdulqaadir Muxamed Aadan uu noqday Madaxweynaha Golaha Shacbiga Soomaaliyeed , Aadan Cabdallah Cismaan Daar oo ahaa Madaxweynihii Jamhuriyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarkena wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare (kadibna noqday Madaxweyne 1967 ilaa 1969). 20kii Luulyo 1961kii iyo afti dadweyne oo dadweynihii Soomaaliyeed ay ku ansixiyeen talyaanigu, badi dadkii ka soo jeeday Maxmiyadii hore ee Somaliland ayaan ka qaybgelin aftida, in kasta oo tiro yar oo reer Somaliland ah oo ka qaybqaatay aftida ay ka soo horjeesteen dastuurkii cusbaa , oo markii ugu horreysay la sameeyay 1367kii , Muxammad . Wasiir, xilkaas oo uu u magacaabay Sharmaarke. Cigaal waxa uu mar dambe noqon lahaa Madaxweynaha maamul-goboleedka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya ===Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya (1969-1991)=== ===Inqilaab=== 15kii Oktoobar, isaga oo madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke socdaal ku marayay magaalada Laascaanood ee ay abaaruhu ku dhufteen, ayaa ilaaladiisa gaarka ahi toogasho ku dileen. Xoghayihii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Mareykanka Henry Kissinger ayaa hadalkiisa ku soo gabagabeeyay in ilaaladu uu iskiis u dhaqmayo. Lix maalmood ka dib, 21kii Oktoobar, Jeneraal Siyaad Barre wuxuu hoggaaminayey afgambi militari, wuxuuna ku guuleystay afgambigii dowladdii baarlamaanka. Falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda casriga ah ayaa sheegaya in afgambiga uu ka dambeeyay musuqmaasuqa ka dhex jira xukuumadda baarlamaanka. Waardiyihii waxaa maxkamadeeyay, jirdilay oo toogtay Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC). Waxa ay kasoo jeedaan madaxweynaha uu dilay. [[File:Mohamed Ainanshe and Kim Il Sung -1970.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed oo Waqooyiga Kuuriya kula kulmay Madaxweyne Kim Il Sung 1970kii]] Dhinaca Barre, SRC oo xukunka la wareegtay dilkii Madaxweyne Sharma’arke ka dib waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed , Gaashaanle Sare Salaad Gabeyre Kediye iyo Taliyaha Booliska Jaamac Korsheel . Kediye waxa uu si rasmi ah u haystay magaca “Aabihii Kacaanka”, wax yar ka dibna Barre waxa uu noqday madaxa SRC. SRC dabadeed waxay u bixisay magaca dalka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Soomaaliya, waxay kala dirtay baarlamaanka iyo maxkamadda sare, oo laalay dastuurkii. Dawladdii kacaanku waxay dejisay barnaamijyo ballaaran oo hawlaha guud waxayna si guul leh u hirgelisay olole wax-qoris oo magaalo iyo miyi ah , kaasoo gacan ka geystay inuu si weyn u kordhiyo heerka wax-akhris-qoraalka. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya waxay gaartay heerka wax-akhris 70%, taasoo ka mid ahayd kuwa ugu sarreeya Afrika waagaas. Marka laga soo tago barnaamijka qarameynta warshadaha iyo dhulka, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee maamulka cusub waxay xoogga saartay xiriirka soo jireenka ah iyo diinta ee Soomaaliya ay la leedahay dunida Carabta , ugu dambeyntii waxay ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta bishii Febraayo 1974. Isla sanadkaas, Barre wuxuu sidoo kale noqday guddoomiyaha Ururka Midowga Afrika (OAU), oo ah hoggaamiyihii ka horreeyay Midowga Afrika (AU). Bishii Luulyo 1976-kii, SRC-da Barre ayaa iskeed u kala dirtay, waxayna halkeeda ka dhistay Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XDSHSI), dowlad hal xisbi ah oo ku dhisan hantiwadaag cilmiyeed iyo caqiidada Islaamka. SRSP waxa ay ahayd isku day lagu heshiisiinayo fikirka dawladda ee rasmiga ah iyo diinta rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyada oo la waafajinayo xeerarkii Marxist xaaladaha deegaanka. Waxa xoogga la saaray mabaadi’da Muslimka ee horumarka bulshada, sinnaanta iyo caddaaladda, taas oo ay dawladdu ku doodday in ay aasaas u tahay udub-dhexaadka hantiwadaagga cilmiyeed iyo lahjad u gaar ah oo ku aaddan isku filnaansho, ka qayb-qaadashada dadweynaha iyo xakamaynta dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale lahaanshaha tooska ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka. Iyadoo SRSP ay dhiirigelisay maalgashiga gaarka ah ee xad xaddidan, jihada guud ee maamulku waxay ahayd mid shuuci ah . Bishii Luulyo 1977, dagaalkii Ogaadeeniya wuxuu qarxay ka dib markii dawladdii Barre adeegsatay codsi ku saabsan midnimada qaranka si ay u caddeyso ku darista gardarrada ah ee gobolka Ogaadeeniya ee ay Soomaalida u badan tahay ee Itoobiya oo lagu daray Soomaali- weyn oo dhan , oo ay weheliso dhul-beereedyo hodan ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-bari ee Itoobiya, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, iyo meelaha istiraatiijiga ah ee woqooyiga ilaa Jabuuti. Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee colaada ayaa xoogag hubaysan oo Soomaali ahi qabsadeen koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Ogadenia, dagaalka intiisa badana waxay ciidanka Soomaalidu guulo isdaba joog ah ka gaadheen ciidanka gumaysiga Itoobiya waxayna daba socdeen ilaa Sidamo . Bishii Sebtembar 1977kii, Soomaaliya waxay gacanta ku dhigtay 90% dhulka Ogaadeeniya waxayna qabsatay magaalooyin istiraatiiji ah sida Jijiga waxayna cadaadis xoog leh saartay Diridhaba , waxayna halis geliyeen wadadii tareenka ee magaalada dambe ee Jabuuti. Go’doomintii Harar ka dib, waxaa u soo gurmaday taliskii Shuuciga ahaa ee Dergiga Itoobiya faragelin baaxad leh oo aan hore loo arag oo ka kooban 20,000 oo ciidamada Kuuba ah iyo dhowr kun oo khubaro ah oo Soofiyeedka ah . Sannadkii 1978-kii, ciidamadii Soomaalida ayaa laga saaray Ogadenya. Isbeddelka taageerada ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku kallifay dowladdii Barre inay xulafo ka raadsato meelo kale. Aakhirkii waxa ay ku degtay dagaalkii qaboobaa ee Soofiyeedka oo ay xafiiltamaan, Maraykanka , kaas oo in muddo ah ku haminayey dawladdii Soomaaliya. Saaxiibtinimada ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliya ay la yeelato Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo iskaashigii dambe ee ay la yeelatay Mareykanka ayaa u sahashay in ay dhisto ciidanka ugu badan ee Afrika. [[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|thumb|Sareeye Gaas Maxamed Siyaad Barre , Guddoomiyaha Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka , oo la kulmay Madaxweynaha Romania Nicolae Ceauşescu]] Dastuur cusub ayaa la soo saaray 1979kii kaas oo lagu qabtay doorashada Golaha Shacabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xisbigii Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed ee Barre ayaa sii waday xukunka. Bishii Oktoobar 1980, SRSP waa la kala diray, Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka ayaa dib loo dhisay booskiisii. Waqtigaas, dawladdii Barre waxay noqotay mid aan la jeclayn. Soomaali badan ayaa ka niyad jabay nolosha ay ku hoos nool yihiin kalitalis ciidan. Waxaa sii wiiqmay taliskii 1980-meeyadii markii dagaalkii qaboobaa uu soo dhawaaday, waxaana hoos u dhacay muhiimaddii istiraatijiyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Dawladdu waxay noqotay mid sii xoogaysata , waxaana dalka oo dhan ka curtay dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo ay dhiirigelisay Itoobiya, taasoo keentay in Soomaaliya dagaal sokeeye ka dhacdo . Kooxahan malayshiyaadka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Jabhadda Dimuqraadiga Badbaadada Soomaaliyeed (SSDF), Golaha Soomaaliyeed ee Midowga (USC), Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SPM) oo ay weheliyaan Mucaarad aan Rabshado lahayn oo ka kala tirsan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDM), Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA) iyo Kooxda Kooxda Manifeestada Soomaaliyeed (SMG). ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== [[File:Somali Civil War (Google Live Map).svg|thumb|Qiyaasta khariidadda marxaladda hadda ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (La cusbooneysiiyay Luulyo 2025)]] Markii ay si aayar aayar aayar aayar ah u yaraatay hankii iyo akhlaaqdii dowladdii Barre, ayaa dad badan oo Soomaaliyeed ay ka niyad jabeen nolosha xukunkii militariga. Bartamihii 1980-aadkii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayey maamulkii Dergiga ee shuuciga ahaa ee Itoobiya ayaa ka curtay dalka oo dhan. Barre ayaa ku jawaabay in uu amar ku bixiyay in tallaabo laga qaado dadka uu u arko in ay deegaan ahaan taageersan yihiin jabhadda, gaar ahaan gobollada Waqooyi. Xakamayntaas waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyinka, oo ay ku taal xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa , oo ah xaruntii SNM , oo ka mid ahayd goobihii la beegsaday 1988. Xakamaynta ay bilawday dawladdii Barre waxay gaadhsiisay in ka badan qaraxyadii hore ee woqooyiga si ay u koobto gobollo kala duwan oo dalka ah. Soo saariddan xeeladaha gardarada ah ee looga dan leeyahay in lagu caburiyo dadka ka soo jeeda iyo in lagu sii hayo awoodda dadweynaha waxay astaan ​​u ahayd tallaabooyinka caburinta ah ee dowladdu ay ka waddo Koonfurta. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu caansan ayaa dhacay 1991-kii, markii taliskii Barre bilaabay weerar cirka ah oo sababay dhimashada dad badan oo aan waxba galabsan magaalada Beledweyn , oo ku taal koonfurta Soomaaliya. Arxan-darrada iyo baaxadda falkan waxashnimada ah waxa ay iftiimisay heerka ay dawladdu u diyaar-garowday in ay meesha ka saarto nooc kasta oo mucaarad ah ama wax iska caabin ah, iyada oo ay muujinayso in aan tix-gelin badheedh ah u lahayn xuquuqda aadamaha iyo qiimaha nolosha bani’aadamka. Mid kale oo xusid mudan siyaasaddii caburinta Barre ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Baydhabo oo lagu naaneeso ‘Magaalada dhimashada’ taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhacdooyinkii murugada lahaa ee ka dhacay halkaasi xilliyadii abaarta iyo dagaalada sokeeye . Boqolaal kun oo qof ayaa naftooda ku waayey istiraatijiyad dawladeed oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay bulshada Raxanweyn ee deggan deegaannadaas. 1990kii, magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho, dadka deggan waxaa laga mamnuucay inay meel fagaare ah isugu yimaadaan kooxo ka badan saddex ama afar. Shidaal yaraan, sicir-bararka, iyo qiima dhaca lacagta ayaa saameeyay dhaqaalaha. Suuq madoow oo aad u wanaagsan ayaa ka jiray bartamaha magaalada iyadoo bangiyada ay la kulmeen gabaabsi lacagta gudaha ah ee lagu sarifto. Waxaa la soo saaray sharciyo lagu xakameynayo sarifka lacagaha qalaad si looga hortago dhoofinta lacagaha qalaad. Inkastoo aan la saarin xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah oo lagu soo rogay ajaanibta, sawir qaadista goobo badan ayaa la mamnuucay. Xilliyada maalinlaha ah ee magaalada Muqdisho, muuqaalka ciidan kasta oo dowladda ayaa ahaa mid naadir ah. Hawlgallada habeenkii dambe ee ay sameeyeen mas'uuliyiinta dowladda, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa "la'aanta" shaqsiyaadka guryahooda. 1991kii, maamulkii Barre waxaa xukunka ka tuuray isbahaysi mucaarad ku ah qabiil, oo ay taageerayeen taliskii Itoobiya ee Dergiga iyo Liibiya . Ka dib shir ay yeesheen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Somaliyeed iyo odayaasha beelaha waqooyi, qaybtii waqooyi ee Ingiriisku ka talin jiray dalka waxay ku dhawaaqday in ay gooni isu taagtay jamhuuriyadda Somaliland May 1991. In kasta oo ay madax bannaani tahay oo xasiloon tahay marka loo eego koonfurta qalalaasaha ah, haddana dawlad shisheeye ma aqoonsan. [[File:Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|Dagaaladii sokeeye ka hor, Muqdisho waxaa loo yaqaannay "Luul cad oo badweynta Hindiya]] In badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha mucaaradka ayaa markii dambe bilaabay inay u tartamaan sidii ay saamayn ugu yeelan lahaayeen awood la'aanta ka dib markii la riday taliskii Barre. Koonfurta, waxaa isku dhacay kooxo hubaysan oo ay kala hogaaminayaan taliyayaasha USC General Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid iyo Cali Mahdi Maxamed , gaar ahaan, iyadoo mid walba uu doonayo inuu awood ku yeesho caasimadda. 1991kii, shir caalami ah oo wajiyo badan lahaa ayaa lagu qabtay dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Jabuuti. Iyadoo loo eegayo sharcinimada uu Muxammad ku siiyey shirkii Jabuuti, ayaa beesha caalamku u aqoonsatay inuu yahay madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya. Ma uu awoodin in uu awoodiisa ku dhaqmo meelo ka baxsan caasimadda. Awoodda ayaa taas beddelkeeda lagu heshiiyey hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii kale ee koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo maamul-goboleedyo ka madax bannaan waqooyiga. Shirkii Jibouti waxaa ku xigay laba heshiis oo aan la iska dhicin oo dib-u-heshiisiin qaran iyo hub ka dhigis, oo ay saxeexeen 15 daneeyayaal siyaasadeed: heshiis in la qabto shir aan rasmi ahayn oo diyaarinta dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka, iyo heshiiskii Addis Ababa 1993 ee lagu sameeyay shirkii dib u heshiisiinta qaranka. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, la'aanta daba-dheeraatay ee la'aanta maamul dhexe oo joogto ah, Soomaaliya waxay billowday inay ku sifowdo " Qaran guuldarreystay . ===Hay'adaha ku meel gaarka ah=== [[File:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (28-03-2006).jpg|thumb|C/llaahi Yuusuf Axmed , Madaxweynaha Dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] Dawladda Ku-Meel-Gaarka ah (TNG) waxaa la aas aasay bilihii April-May 2000 shirkii Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ee lagu qabtay Carta, Jabuuti. Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan ayaa loo doortay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha dowladda KMG ah ee cusub ee qaranka, maamul ku meel gaar ah oo loo sameeyay in uu Soomaaliya ku hago dowlad Jamhuuriyad rasmi ah oo saddexaad. Dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee TNG ayaa keenay in la bedelo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha afar jeer saddex sano gudahood, iyo hay'adda maamulka ayaa sheegay inay kacday December 2003. Waqtigeediina isku mar wuu dhamaaday. 10kii Oktoobar 2004tii, sharci-dajiyayaashu waxay u doorteen Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Dawladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFG), oo beddelaya Dawladdii Ku Meel Gaarka ahayd. DFKMG waxay ahayd maamulkii labaad ee ku meel gaadhka ahaa ee hiigsanayay in dib loo soo celiyo hay’adihii qaranka ee Soomaaliya kadib burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre 1991 iyo dagaaladii sokeeye ee xigay. DFKMG waxay ahayd dowladda Soomaaliya oo caalamku aqoonsan yahay ilaa 20kii Agoosto 2012, markaas oo ay si rasmi ah u dhammaatay waqtigeedii. Waxaa loo asaasay mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFIs) ee dowladda sida lagu qeexay Axdiga Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFC) ee uu ansixiyay Baarlamaanka Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah (TFP) bishii Nofembar 2004. Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay si rasmi ah uga koobneyd waaxda fulinta ee dowladda, iyadoo TFP ay tahay waaxda sharci dejinta. Xukuumadda ayaa waxaa madax ka ahaa Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, iyadoo golaha wasiirradu ay warbixin ka siiyeen Ra’iisul Wasaaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday erey guud si loo tixraaco dhammaan saddexda laan si wadajir ah. ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== [[File:Icu somalia map.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa ICU marka ugu sarraysa saamaynteeda]] Sanadkii 2006, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah (ICU) waxay la wareegeen gacan ku haynta inta badan koonfurta dalka muddo 6 bilood ah waxayna soo rogeen ku dhaqanka shareecada Islaamka . Mas’uuliyiinta ugu sareysa Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ku tilmaamay muddadan kooban in ay tahay xilli dahab ah oo ku jira taariikhda siyaasadda Soomaaliya. ===Dowladda Kumeeel Gaarka ah=== Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah waxay isku dayday inay dib u soo ceshato awoodeeda, iyadoo kaashanaysa ciidamada Itoobiya , ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Midowga Afrika iyo taageerada hawada ee Mareykanka, waxay ka saartay maxaakiimta oo ay xoojisay xukunkeeda. January 8, 2007, Madaxweynaha DFKMG, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed ayaa markii ugu horeysay soo galay Muqdisho isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidamada Itoobiya tan iyo markii xilka loo doortay. Dawladdu waxay markaas u guurtay xarunta Villa Soomaaliya ee caasimadda oo ay si ku meel gaar ah uga ahayd Baydhabo . Tani waxay noqonaysaa markii ugu horeysay tan iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre sanadkii 1991-kii oo ay dowladda Federaalka gacanta ku hayso inta badan dalka. ===Falaagada Al-Shabaab=== Al-Shabaab ayaa ka soo horjeestay joogitaanka ciidamada Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya, waxaana ay sii wadeen dagaallada ka dhanka ah dowladda KMG ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2008, Al-Shabaab waxay dhalisay guulo ciidan, iyagoo la wareegay gacan ku haynta magaalooyin iyo dekedo muhiim ah oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Janaayo 2009, Al-Shabaab iyo maleeshiyaadkii kale waxay ku qasbeen ciidamada Itoobiya inay dib u gurtaan, iyagoo ka tagay ciidan aan qalabeyn oo nabad ilaalin ah oo Midowga Afrika ah si ay u caawiyaan ciidamada dowladda KMG ah.  Dhaqaale la’aan iyo dhaqaale la’aan, cunaqabatayn dhanka hubka ah oo adkeyd in dib loo yagleelo ciidan qaran oo suga amniga, iyo danayn la’aanta guud ee beesha caalamka, Yuusuf waxa uu ku qasbanaaday in kumannaan ciidamo ah oo Puntland ka socda la geeyo Muqdisho si ay u sii joogteeyaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan Koonfurta dalka. Taageerada maaliyadeed ee dadaalkan waxaa bixisay dawladda ismaamulka. Taasi waxay keentay in dakhli yar oo soo galo ciidamada ammaanka Puntland iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah, taasoo ka dhigtay dhul u nugul burcad-badeedda iyo weerarrada argagixisada.  29-kii December 2008, Yuusuf wuxuu kaga dhawaaqay baarlamaanka ku midoobay Baydhabo inuu iska casilayo xilka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya. Khudbadiisa oo laga sii daayay Idaacadda Qaranka, ayuu Yuusuf ku sheegay inuu ka xun yahay inuu ku guul-darreystay inuu soo afjaro colaaddii dalka ka jirtay toddoba iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sidii dowladdiisa loo igmaday. Wuxuu kaloo ku eedeeyay beesha caalamka inay ka gaabiyeen taageerada dowladda, wuxuuna sheegay in guddoomiyaha baarlamaanka uu xilka ku wareejin doono sida uu qabo Axdiga KMG ah ===Dhamaadka xilliga ku meel gaarka=== Intii u dhaxaysay 31 May iyo 9 June 2008, wakiilo ka socday dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Isbahaysiga Dib u xoraynta Soomaaliya (ARS) ayaa ka qayb galay wada-hadallo nabadeed oo Jabuuti ka dhacay oo uu garwadeen ka ahaa ergeygii hore ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsanaa Soomaaliya, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah . Shirka ayaa ku soo idlaaday heshiis la kala saxiixday oo dhigaya in ciidamada Itoobiya laga saaro dalka si loo joojiyo iska hor imaadyada hubeysan. Baarlamaanka ayaa ka dib la balaariyay oo la gaarsiiyay 550 kursi si ay u helaan xubnaha ARS, oo markaas madaxweyne u doortay Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed .Iyadoo gacan ka heleysa koox yar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Midowga Afrika, dowladda KMG ayaa biloowday weerar rogaal celis ah bishii Febraayo 2009 si ay si buuxda ula wareegto maamulka qeybta koonfureed ee dalka. DFKMG si ay xukunkeeda u xoojiso waxay isbahaysi la samaysatay Midowga Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah, Xubnihii kale ee Isbaheysiga Dib u xoreynta Soomaaliya iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca oo ah Maleeshiyo Suufi ah oo qunyar socod ah . Intaa waxaa dheer, Al-Shabaab iyo Xisbul Islaam, oo ah labada kooxood ee Islaamiyiinta ah ee mucaaradka ah, waxay bilaabeen inay dhexdooda dagaallamaan bartamihii 2009kii. Xabbad ahaan, bishii Maarso 2009, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ku dhawaaqday inay dib u dhaqan gelinayso Shareecada oo ah nidaamka garsoorka rasmiga ah ee qaranka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, colaaddu waxay ka sii socotay koonfurta iyo badhtamaha dalka. Muddo bilo gudahood ah, dawladda ku meel gaarka ah waxay ka baxday in ay gacanta ku dhigto ilaa 70% koonfurta iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya aagagga iskahorimaadyada, oo ay 80% dhulka lagu muransan yahay ku lumisay xoogaga Islaamiyiinta ah. Bishii Oktoobar 2011, hawlgal qorsheysan, Hawlgalka Linda Nchi oo u dhexeeya militariga Soomaaliya iyo Kenya iyo ciidamada caalamiga ah ayaa ka billowday Al-Shabaab ee koonfurta Soomaaliya. Bishii Sebtembar 2012, ciidamada Soomaaliya, Kenya, iyo Raaskaambooni waxay ku guulaysteen inay qabsadaan Al-Shabaab xaruntii ugu dambaysay ee ugu weynayd, dekedda koonfurta ee Kismaayo. Bishii Luulyo 2012, saddex hawlgal oo Midowga Yurub ayaa la bilaabay si ay ula macaamilaan Soomaaliya: EUTM Somalia , Hawlgalka Ciidamada Badda ee Midowga Yurub ee Soomaaliya Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, iyo EUCAP Nestor. [[File:Parlament of Somalia 2012-2016.svg|thumb|Dhismaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] Iyada oo qayb ka ah "Khariidadda Waddada Dhammaadka Ku meel gaarka" ee rasmiga ah, oo ah geeddi socod siyaasadeed oo siinaya jaan-gooyo cad-cad oo horseedaya samaynta hay'ado dimoqraadi ah oo joogto ah oo Soomaaliya ah, xilliga ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah ayaa dhammaaday 20kii Agoosto 2012 ===Dowladda Federaalka=== Dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , oo ah dowladdii dhexe ee ugu horreysay oo joogto ah oo dalka yeelato tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaallada sokeeye, ayaa la aas aasay Agoosto 2012. Bishii Agoosto 2014-kii, howlgalka Badweynta Hindiya ee ay hormuudka ka tahay dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa la bilaabay ka hortagga jeebabka kooxaha nabad-diidka ah ee ku sugan baadiyaha ===2021-2023 abaar=== Abaarta Soomaaliya ee 2021-2023 ayaa ahayd abaartii ugu darneyd ee Soomaaliya soo marta muddo 40 sano ah, waxaana ay saameysay 7.8 milyan oo qof. === Qalalaasihii dastuuriga ee 2024 === 30-kii Maarso 2024, isbeddello dastuuri ah oo taxane ah oo ay ansixisay [[Dowlada Federaalka Soomaaliya]] ayaa sababay khilaafyo lala galay qaar ka mid ah dowlad-goboleedyada federaalka, taas oo dhalisay xiisad siyaasadeed. Saddex ka mid ah lixda dowlad-goboleed ayaa ka laabtay aqoonsigii ay siinayeen awoodda dowladda federaalka, waxaana dagaallo maxalli ah oo [[Jubaland|Jubbaland]] iyo [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya|Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya]] ka dhacay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Review |first=Horn |title=Analysis of Somalia's constitution crisis |url=https://hornreview.org/2026/04/21/analysis-of-somalias-constitution-crisis/ |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=HORN REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Al Jazeera |title=Somali army takes over key city in Southwest as state leader resigns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/31/somali-army-takes-over-key-city-in-southwest-as-state-leader-resigns |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Soomaaliya waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Jabuuti dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, galbeedna Itoobiya , waqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , badda Soomaaliya iyo kanaalka Guardafui oo bari ah, iyo Koonfur-galbeed Kenya . Baaxadda dhuleedku waa 637,657 kiiloo mitir laba jibaaran, dhulka Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo buuraha . Xeebteedu waxay dhererkeedu ka badan tahay 3,333 kiiloomitir, waana tan ugu dheer dhul weynaha Afrika. Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid si qiyaas ah u qaabaysan "sida lambar foorarsan oo toddoba ah". Waqooyiga fog, safafka bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Oogo waxay ku yaalaan masaafo kala duwan oo u jirta xeebta Gacanka Cadmeed. Xaalado kulul ayaa jira sanadka oo dhan, oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Geology waxay soo jeedinaysaa joogitaanka kaydka macdanta qiimaha leh. Soomaaliya waxaa Seychelles ka go'ay badda Soomaaliya, waxaana ka go'ay Socotra oo lagu magacaabo Guardafui Channel ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u qaybsantaa siddeed iyo toban gobol ( sara , gobol keli ah ), oo iyana loo qaybiyo degmooyin. [[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|Maabka gobollada Soomaaliya]] Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda waa goorma ? Waxay u kala qaybsameen maamul-goboleedka Puntland ( oo isku haysta maamul-goboleedka ), Somaliland ( maamul-goboleed iskeed ugu dhawaaqday balse aan la aqoonsan ) iyo Maamulka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya oo dhawaan la dhisay . Bartamaha Soomaaliya, Galmudug waa maamul-goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. Jubaland oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa ismaamulka afaraad ee federaalka.Sannadkii 2014-kii, ayaa sidoo kale la dhisay maamul-goboleedka cusub ee Koonfur-galbeed . Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la daah furay shirweyne lagu dhisayo dowlad goboleedka cusub ee Hirshabeelle . Baarlamaanka Federaalka waxaa loo xilsaaray 2012-kii in uu soo xulo tirada ugu dambeysa iyo xuduudaha dowlad goboleedyada is-maamul goboleedyada (sida rasmiga ah ee xubnaha ka ah Federaalka ) ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. ===Goobta=== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | footer_align = left | image1 = Horn of africa.jpg | class1 = bg-transparent | image2 = ISS062-E-51247 - View of Earth.jpg | footer = Muuqaallo laga qaaday [[Geeska Afrika|Jasiiradda Soomaalida]] oo laga soo qaaday Dayax gacmeedka ''Columbia'' sannadkii 1993 (kor) iyo Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah sannadkii 2020 (hoose) }} Soomaaliya waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Kenya]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed, [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] dhanka waqooyi, [[Marinka Gardafuul|Marinka Gardafuu]] iyo Badweynta Hindiya dhanka bari, iyo [[Itoobiya]] dhanka galbeed. Dalka wuxuu sidoo kale xuduud la leeyahay [[Jabuuti]]. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhexeysa loolalka 2°S iyo 12°N, iyo dhigaha 41° iyo 52°E. Iyada oo si istaraatiiji ah ugu taalla afka laga galo Bab el Mandeb ee u dhexeeya [[Bada Cas]] iyo [[Kanaalka Suweys|Kanaalka Suweys]], dalku wuxuu ku yaallaa cirifka gobol u eg khariidadda [[Wiyil|geeska wiyisha]], taas oo inta badan loogu yeero [[Geeska Afrika]].<ref name="factbook"/><ref name="Hadden">Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102547/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science"]. Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center</ref> ===Biyaha=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer badweynta Afrika, oo leh boodh badeed dhererkeedu yahay 3,333 kiiloomitir (2,071 mi). Dhulkeedu waxa uu ka kooban yahay badiyaa taagga , bannaanka iyo dhulka sare . Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay bedka guud ee 637,657 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (246,201 sq mi) kaas oo ka kooban dhul, oo leh 10,320 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,980 sq mi) oo biyo ah. Soohdimaha dhulka ee Soomaaliya ayaa gaaraya ilaa 2,340 kiiloomitir (1,450 mi); 58 kiiloomitir (36 mi) ka mid ah waxaa la wadaaga Jabuuti, 682 kiiloomitir (424 mi) Kenya, iyo 1,626 kiiloomitir (1,010 mi) Itoobiya. Sheegashadeeda badda waxaa ka mid ah dhul-badeed dhan 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). Soomaaliya waxaa xeebaheeda ku yaal jasiirado iyo jaziirado dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaziiradaha Bajuuni iyo Jaziiradaha Sacad-Diin : eeg jasiiradaha Soomaaliya . [[File:Juba river downstream Jamaame.jpg|thumb|Webiga Jubba]] ===Degaan=== Soomaaliya waxay ka kooban tahay todobo dhuleed oo kala ah: Xabashida montane kaymaha , Waqooyiga Zanzibar–Inhambane mosaic kaynta xeebta , Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands iyo kayn , dhul daaqsimeed Xabashi ah iyo dhir dhireed , dhul daaqsimeed hobyo iyo geedo yaryar , Somali montane xeric woodlands , iyo mangroves Bariga Afrika Dhanka waqooyi, bannaan saxare-meel-mareen ah oo xoqan, oo loo yaqaan Guban ayaa barbar-socda Gacanka Cadmeed . Iyada oo ballaciisu yahay laba iyo toban kiiloomitir galbeedka ilaa in yar oo laba kiiloomitir ah oo bari ah, bannaanka waxaa u kala qaybiya maro-biyoodyo asal ahaan ah sariiro ciid qallalan marka laga reebo xilliyada roobaadka. Marka roobabku da'aan, Guban's duurka hooseeya iyo cawska cawska ayaa isu beddela dhir cagaaran. Xariggaan xeebeedku waa qayb ka mid ah dhul- daaqsimeedkii Xabashida iyo dhir-dhireedka . Cal Madow waa silsilad buuraley ah oo ku taal waqooyi bari ee dalka. Waxay ku dherersan tahay dhowr kiilo mitir dhanka galbeed ee magaalada Boosaaso ilaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ceerigaabo , waxay ku taal meesha ugu sarreysa Soomaaliya , Shimbiris , oo ku fadhida meel sare ah ilaa 2,416 mitir (7,927 ft). Silsilada bari-galbeed ee buuraleyda Karkaar waxay sidoo kale ku yaalliin gudaha gudaha Gacanka Cadmeed. Gobollada dhexe, silsiladaha buuraha waqooyi ee dalka waxay u baneeyaan dhul-badeed-gacmeedyo iyo marin-biyoodyo qallalan oo deegaan ahaan loogu yeero Oogo . Dhulka galbeedka ee Oogo, ayaa isna si tartiib tartiib ah ugu biira Haud , oo ah aag muhiim u ah daaqa xoolaha. Soomaaliya waxay leedahay laba webi oo kala ah Jubba iyo Shabeele oo labaduba ka bilaabma buuraleyda Itoobiya . Wabiyadan ayaa inta badan u socda dhanka koofureed, iyadoo webiga Jubba uu ka galo badweynta Hindiya ee magaalada Kismaayo . Wabiga Shabeelle ayaa mar sida muuqata gali jiray badda u dhow magaalada Marka , balse hadda waxa uu gaaray meel dhanka Koonfur-galbeed ka xigta magaalada Muqdisho. Intaa ka dib, waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhiiqo iyo meelo qallalan ka hor inta aan aakhirka lagu waayin dhulka saxaraha ah ee bariga Jilib , una dhow webiga Jubba. ===Deegaanka=== [[File:Somcoralreef.jpg|thumb|Xeebaha Soomaaliya , jardiinooyinka deegaanka iyo meelaha la ilaaliyo]] Soomaaliya waa dal oomane ah oo leh qiyaastii 1.6% dhul beereed . Ururada deegaanka ee ugu horeeya waxay ahaayeen Ecoterra Soomaaliya iyo Bulshada Deegaanka Soomaali, labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen kor u qaadista wacyiga ku saabsan walaaca deegaanka iyo abaabulida barnaamijyada deegaanka ee dhammaan qaybaha dawladda iyo sidoo kale bulshada rayidka ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1971-kii, olole ballaaran oo dhir beeris ah oo heer qaran ah ayaa dowladdii Siyaad Barre bilowday si ay u joojiso horu-marintii kumannaanka hektar ee dunta bacaadka ah ee ay dabeyshu kaxeyso oo halis ku ah inay qariso magaalooyinka, waddooyinka iyo dhul beereed. Sannadkii 1988-kii, 265 hektar oo ah 336 hektar oo la saadaaliyay ayaa la daweeyay, iyadoo 39 goobood oo kayd ah iyo 36 goobood oo kaymo ah la aasaasay. 1986, Xarunta Badbaadinta Duurjoogta, Cilmi-baarista iyo Kormeerka waxaa aasaasay Ecoterra International, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu wacyigeliyo dadweynaha arrimaha deegaanka. Dadaalkaas waxbarasho waxa uu horseeday 1989 kii waxa loogu yeero "soo jeedinta Soomaaliya" iyo go'aan ay dowladda Soomaaliya ku gaartay in ay raacdo Axdiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee dabar-goynta xayawaanka duurjoogta iyo dhirta (CITES), kaas oo markii ugu horreysay aasaasay adduunka oo dhan mamnuucidda ka ganacsiga Maroodiga Maroodiga . [[File:Aerial views of Kismayo 06 (8071381265).jpg|thumb|Xeebta koofureed ee Muqdisho]] Ka dib, Faadumo Jibrell , oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka, ayaa qaaday olole guul leh oo lagu ilaalinayo kaymaha geedaha qudhaca ah ee koray ee waqooyi-bari ee Soomaaliya. Geedahan, oo noolaan kara 500 oo sano, ayaa la jari jiray si looga sameeyo dhuxusha oo aad looga doonayay Jasiiradda Carabta, halkaas oo qabaa'ilka Baadiyaha ee gobolka ay aaminsan yihiin in qudhacdu ay tahay mid muqadas ah. Inaad noqoto shidaal aan qaali ahayn, soo saarista dhuxusha waxay inta badan keentaa xaalufka iyo xaalufka . Si wax looga qabto dhibaatadan, Jibrell iyo Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organisation (Horn Relief; hadda Adeso ), oo ah hay'ad ay aasaasaha iyo agaasimaha fulinta ka ahayd, waxay tababareen koox dhalinyaro ah si ay bulshada uga wacyigeliyaan waxyeelada joogtada ah ee soo saarista dhuxusha ay abuuri karto. 1999kii, Horn Relief waxay isku dubariday socod nabadeed waqooyi-bari Puntland ee Soomaaliya si loo soo afjaro waxa loogu yeero "dagaallada dhuxusha". Natiijadii ololaha Jibrell iyo dadaalkii waxbarashada, dawladda Puntland 2000 waxay mamnuucday dhoofinta dhuxusha. Dowladda ayaa sidoo kale tan iyo markii ay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidaasi, taasoo la sheegay inay keentay in 80% hoos u dhac ku yimaado dhoofinta badeecada. Jibrell waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Abaalmarinta Deegaanka Goldman ee 2002 dadaalkeeda ka dhanka ah xaalufka deegaanka iyo xaalufka. Sannadkii 2008, waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Abaalmarinta Mu'asasada Qaranka ee Juqraafiga / Buffett ee Hoggaanka Ilaalinta. Ka dib tsunamigii weynaa ee Diisambar 2004 , waxaa sidoo kale soo baxay eedeymo sheegaya in ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, in xeebta dheer ee Soomaaliya ee fog fog loo isticmaalay goob qashin ah oo lagu aaso qashinka sunta ah. Mowjadaha waaweyn ee ku dhuftay waqooyiga Soomaaliya kadib tsunamigii ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay kiciyeen tan oo ah haraadiga sunta nukliyeerka ah oo laga yaabo inay si sharci darro ah dalka ugu daadiyeen shirkado shisheeye. Xisbiga Cagaaran ee Yurub waxa uu daba socday cadaymahaas isagoo horgeeyay saxaafadda iyo baarlamaanka Yurub ee Strasbourg nuqulo qandaraasyo ah oo ay kala saxiixdeen laba shirkadood oo reer Yurub ah - Shirkadda Swiss Swiss, Achair Partners, iyo dilaaliinta qashinka Talyaaniga Progresso - iyo wakiillo ka socday Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Hogaamiye kooxeed Cali Mahdi Maxamed, si ay u qaataan 10 milyan oo tan oo qashinka sunta ah oo ay ku bedesheen 80 milyan oo gini. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan deegaanka (UNEP), qashinka ayaa sababay in uu aad uga sarreeyo xaaladaha caadiga ah ee caabuqyada neef-mareenka, boogaha afka iyo dhiig-baxa, dhiigbaxa caloosha iyo caabuqa maqaarka oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhacay dad badan oo deggan deegaannada ku teedsan waqooyi-bari ee magaalooyinka Hobyo iyo Banaadir ee xeebta Badweynta Hindiya - cudurro la socda xanuunka shucaaca. UNEP waxay intaas ku dartay in xaaladda xeebaha Soomaaliya ay khatar deegaan oo aad u daran aysan ka jirin Soomaaliya oo keliya, balse sidoo kale gobolka bariga Afrika. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 SOM 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger map-ka kala soocida cimilada ee 1-km xallinta Soomaaliya 1991-2020]] Sababo la xiriira u dhawaanshaha Soomaaliya ee dhulbaraha , ma jiro isbeddel xilliyeed badan oo cimiladeeda ah. Xaalado kulul ayaa sanadka oo dhan jira oo ay la socdaan dabaylaha monsoon iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee maalin kasta wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 30 ilaa 40 ° C (86 ilaa 104 °F), marka laga reebo meelaha sare ee xeebta bari, halkaasoo laga dareemi karo saamaynta qabow ee hadda taagan. Muqdisho, tusaale ahaan, celceliska heerka galabnimada wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 28 ilaa 32 °C (82 ilaa 90 °F) bisha Abriil. Qaar ka mid ah heerkulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee ugu sarreeya adduunka ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay waddanka; Berbera oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed waxay leedahay galab sare oo celcelis ahaan ka badan 38 °C (100 °F) laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar. Qaran ahaan, celceliska celceliska maalinlaha ahi badanaa way kala duwan yihiin qiyaastii 15 ilaa 30 ° C (59 ilaa 86 ° F). Kala duwanaanshaha ugu badan ee cimiladu waxay ka dhacdaa waqooyiga Soomaaliya, halkaas oo heerkulku mararka qaarkood dhaafo 45 ° C (113 ° F) bisha Luulyo ee bannaanka litoral oo hoos uga dhaco barta qabowga bisha Disembar ee buuraha sare. Gobolkan, qoyaanka qaraabada ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 40% badhtamaha galabnimada ilaa 85% habeenkii, isbeddelaya waxoogaa marka loo eego xilliga. Si ka duwan cimilada dalalka kale ee ugu badan ee loolkan, xaaladaha Soomaaliya waxay u dhexeeyaan oomane waqooyi-bari iyo gobollada dhexe ilaa waqooyi -galbeed iyo koonfurta. Waqooyi-bari, roobka sannadlaha ahi wuxuu ka yar yahay 100 mm (4 in); Taagga dhexe, waa qiyaastii 200 ilaa 300 mm (8 ilaa 12 inji). Qaybaha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfur-galbeed ee qaranka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay helaan roobab aad u badan, iyadoo celcelis ahaan 510 ilaa 610 mm (20 ilaa 24 in) ay dhacaan sannadkii. Inkasta oo gobollada xeebuhu ay kulul yihiin oo qoyan yihiin sannadka oo dhan, dhul-badeedku caadi ahaan waa qalalan oo kulul. Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso waa Jiilaalka , xilliga xagaaga ee ugu adag sanadka. Xilli-roobaadka ugu muhiimsan, oo loo yaqaan Gu'ga , wuxuu socdaa Abriil ilaa Juunyo. Xilligan waxaa lagu gartaa dabeylaha koonfur-galbeed, kuwaas oo dib u soo nooleeya dhul-daaqsimeedka, gaar ahaan dhul-daaqsimeedka dhexe, oo muddo kooban saxaraha u beddela dhir cagaaran. Laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar waa xilliga labaad ee qalalan, Xagaa (waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa "Xagaa"). Dayr , oo ah xilli-roobaadka ugu gaaban, wuxuu socdaa Oktoobar ilaa Disembar. Xilliyada tangambili ee dhexgala labada dabaylaha (Oktoobar-Noofambar iyo Maarso-May) waa kulayl iyo qoyaan. ===Duurjoogta=== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geela buuraha waqooyi]] Soomaaliya waxaa ku nool naasley kala duwan, taas oo ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha cimilada iyo deegaanka. Duurjoogta dalka waxaa ka mid ah haramcadka, libaaxa, geriga, baboonka, servalka, maroodiga, doofaarka duurjoogta ah, cawska, kudu, dik-dik, oribi, dabada duurjoogta Soomaalida, reedbuck, zebra, maroodi-shrew iyo dhagax-dhagax. Soomaaliya waxay hoy u tahay ilaa 727 nooc oo shimbiro ah. Siddeed ka mid ah waa noocyo ku faafa dalka, mid waxaa keenay aadanaha, midna waa dhif ama si kama' ah u yimaada. Afar iyo toban nooc ayaa caalamka khatar ku ah. Noocyada shimbiraha ee si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah xamaamka Soomaalida; Alaemon hamertoni (Alaudidae), Hoopoe-Lark; Heteromirafra archeri (Alaudidae), Archer's Lark; Mirafra ashi (Alaudidae), Ash's Bushlark; Mirafra somalica (Alaudidae), Somali Bushlark; Spizocorys obbiensis (Alaudidae), Obbia Lark; Carduelis johannis (Fringillidae); iyo Warsangli Linenet. Xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee kalluumeysiga noocyada badda ee aad u guura, sida tuna. Qalfoofka qaaradda ee cidhiidhiga ah balse wax-soo-saarka leh wuxuu ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun-demersal ah iyo qolofley. Noocyada kalluunka si gaar ah looga helo Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Cirrhitichthys randalli (Cirrhitidae), Symphurus fuscus (Cynoglossidae), Parapercis simulata (Pinguipedidae), Cociella somaliensis (Platycephalidae), iyo Pseudochromis melanotus (Pseudochromidae). Waxaa jira qiyaastii 235 nooc oo xamaarato ah. Ku dhowaad kala bar waxay ku nool yihiin aagga waqooyi. Xamaaratada ku baahsan Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah Viper-ka Hughes, Maska Garter-ka Koonfurta Soomaaliya, orodyahan (Platyceps messanai), mas diadem (Spalerosophis josephscorteccii), ciidda Soomaaliyeed, qorraxda gooryaanka xaglaha leh, qorraxda aagagga dhabarka leh, qorraxda ciidda Soomaaliyeed (Mesalina ama Eremias), gecko (Hemidactylus granchii), gecko-ga Soomaaliyeed ee semaphore, iyo qorratada ciidda. Mas colubrid (Aprosdoketophis andreonei) iyo maqaarka Haacke-Greer (Haackgreerius miopus) waa noocyo si gaar ah ugu kooban Soomaaliya. ==Siyaasadda iyo dawladnimada== <!-- legislative leadership - executive leadership below -->{{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 350 | image1 = Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at Djiboutian presidential palace in Djibouti, Djibouti, September 24, 2023 - (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]<br /><small>[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] tan iyo 2022</small> | image2 = Hamza Abdi Barre 2025 official portrait.jpg | caption2 = [[Xamse cabdi barre]]<br /><small>Ra'iisul Wasaare tan iyo 2022</small> }} jamhuuriyad dimuqraadi ah oo wakiil ka ah baarlamaanka . Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ayaa ah madaxa qaranka iyo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya , waxaana uu soo xulaa Ra’iisul wasaare si uu u noqdo madaxa xukuumadda . Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya waa baarlamaanka qaranka Soomaaliya. Labada Aqal ee Sharci-dejinta Qaranka waxa ay ka kooban yihiin Golaha Shacabka (Aqalka Hoose) iyo Senatka (Aqalka Sare), kuwaas oo xubnahooda loo doortay in ay qabtaan muddo afar sano ah. Baarlamaanka ayaa dooranaya Madaxweynaha, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka iyo ku xigeenadiisa. Waxa kale oo ay awood u leedahay in ay ansixiso oo diido sharciyada. [[File:Adan Mohamed Nuur.jpg|thumb|[[Aaden Nuur|Aadan Madoobe]], [[Liiska Afhayeenada Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]]]] Garsoorka Soomaaliya waxaa qeexaya Dastuurka kumeel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1-dii Agoosto 2012 ku ansixiyay Golaha Dastuurka Qaranka ee Muqdisho, dukumeentiga waxaa dejiyay guddi khubaro ah oo uu guddoomiye u yahay qareenka iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari . Waxay bixisaa aasaaska sharciga ah ee jiritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka iyo isha awood sharci. Qaab dhismeedka maxkamadaha qaranka waxaa loo habeeyay saddex heer: Maxkamada Dastuuriga ah, Maxkamadaha heer Federaal iyo maxkamado heer dowlad goboleed . Golaha Adeegga Garsoorka oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood ayaa magacaabaya xubin kasta oo heer Federaal ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka. Waxa kale oo ay soo xulaysaa oo ay horgeynaysaa golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah garsoorayaasha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah si ay u ansixiyaan. Haddii la ansixiyo, Madaxweynuhu wuxuu musharraxa u magacaabayaa garsoore Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah. Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah oo ka kooban shan xubnood ayaa ka garnaqsa arrimaha dastuurka, marka laga soo tago arrimo kala duwan oo heer federaal iyo heer maamul goboleed ah. Sharciga Soomaalidu waxa uu ka soo jeedaa saddex hab oo isku dhafan oo kala ah: Sharciga Madaniga ah , Shareecada Islaamka iyo Xeer-dhaqameedka . Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tilmaanta Soomaaliya waa dalka 5-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika . Burburkii Soomaaliya ka dib 1991 ma jirin wax xidhiidh ah ama xidhiidh dhex maray dawladda Somaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay dal tahay iyo dawladda Soomaaliya ===Qaybaha maamulka=== {{Main|Gobolada Soomaaliya|Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya}} ​Soomaaliya si rasmi ah waxay u qaybsantaa toddoba [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|dawlad goboleed]] iyo siddeed iyo toban [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|gobol]] (''gobollada'', kaligeed waa ''gobol''),<ref name="factbook"/> kuwaas oo iyana u sii qaybsama degmooyin. Gobolladu waa: {| |rowspan="2"|[[File:Somalia States and Regions.svg|thumb|center|upright=1.3|Gobollada Soomaaliya oo leh dowlad-goboleedyo midabbo leh]] |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Somaliland}}{{color box|#72FE6E}}'''[[Somaliland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Awdal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Maroodi Jeex|Woqooyi Galbeed]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]]*{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Khatumo}}'''{{color box|#6CCAFE}} [[Waqooyibari|Waqooyi Bari]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Togdheer]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sanaag]] {{pb}} &nbsp;[[Sool]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Puntland}}'''{{color box|#AEA9FE}} [[Puntland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Nugaal|Nugaal]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Galmudug}}'''{{color box|#DFA9FE}} [[Galmudug]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Galguduud]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Mudug]] {{pb}} |- |style="padding-right:1em; padding-left:2em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">'''{{flag icon|Hirshabeelle}}{{color box|#FE3A46}} [[Hirshabeelle]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Hiiraan|Hiiraan]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellaha Dhexe]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|South West State of Somalia}}'''{{color box|#FE9C5A}} [[Koonfur Galbeed|Koonfur Galbeed]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Bakool]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Baay|Baay]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Shabeellaha Hoose|Shabeellaha Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flag icon|Jubaland}}'''{{color box|#FEBB5A}} [[Jubaland]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Gedo]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]]{{pb}} &nbsp;[[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada Hoose]]{{pb}} |style="padding-right:1em; vertical-align:top;"| <div class="center">{{flagicon image|Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg}}'''{{color box|#F5F601}} [[Banaadir]]'''</div> ---- &nbsp;[[Muqdisho|Muqdisho]]{{pb}} |} <small> * Lagu muransan yahay</small> <small> ** Waxaa Somaliland u kala saartay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> <small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ** Waxay Somaliland u qaybisay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[Saaxil|Saaxil]]</small> ​<small> *** Waxaa wadaaga Puntland iyo Galmudug</small> ​Waqooyiga Soomaaliya hadda ''de facto'' waxay u qaybsan tahay [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|gobollada ismaamulka]] ee [[Puntland]] (oo isu tixgelisa dawlad goboleed ismaamul ah), [[Somaliland]] (dawlad iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madax-bannaani, aqoonsi xaddidan leh) iyo [[Waqooyibari|Dawlad Goboleedka Woqooyi Bari ee Soomaaliya]] oo dhowaan la aasaasay. Bartamaha Soomaaliya, [[Galmudug]] waa maamul goboleed kale oo ka soo baxay koonfurta Puntland. [[Jubaland]] oo ku taal koonfurta fog waa gobolka afaraad ee ismaamul ee ka tirsan federaalka.<ref name="factbook"/> Sannadkii 2014-kii, waxaa sidoo kale la aasaasay [[Koonfur Galbeed|Dawlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed]].<ref>{{cite news|title=International community welcomes newly-elected President of Somalia's Interim South West Administration|url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|access-date=5 January 2015|newspaper=Goobjoog|date=19 November 2014|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, waxaa sidoo kale la furay shirka dhismaha ee dawlad goboleedka cusub ee [[Hirshabeelle |Hirshabeelle]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Adado conference kicks off in central Somalia|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|access-date=15 May 2015|agency=Garowe Online|date=16 April 2015|archive-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104021/http://www.garoweonline.com/page/show/post/2322/adado-conference-kicks-off-in-central-somalia|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​[[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] waxaa loo xilsaaray sannadkii 2012-kii inay soo xulaan tirada kama dambaysta ah iyo xuduudaha dawlad goboleedyada ismaamulka (si rasmi ah ''[[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Dawlad Goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah Federaalka]]'') ee ka tirsan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya.<ref name="Frspc">{{cite web|title=Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution|url=http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|access-date=2 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2015 01 25 Turkish President Visit to Somalia-1 (16176887607).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Madaxweynaha Turkiga Recep Tayyip Erdogan ayaa xariga ka jaray Terminalka cusub ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cabdulle ee magaalada Muqdisho. (25 Janaayo 2015)]] Xiriirka dibadda ee Soomaaliya waxaa maamula madaxweynaha sida madaxa dowladda, Ra’iisul wasaaraha oo ah madaxa xukuumadda, iyo wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalka . Sida ku cad qodobka 54-aad ee dastuurka qaranka, qeybsiga awoodaha iyo kheyraadka ee dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada xubnaha ka ah dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya waa in ay ka wadahadlaan oo ay ku heshiiyaan dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, marka laga reebo arrimaha la xiriira arrimaha dibadda, difaaca qaranka, jinsiyadda iyo socdaalka iyo siyaasadda lacagta. Qodobka 53-aad ayaa sidoo kale dhigaya in Dowladda Federaalka ay kala tashato Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah Dowladda Federaalka arrimaha waaweyn ee la xiriira heshiisyada caalamiga ah oo ay ku jiraan wada-xaajoodka ganacsiga dibadda, maaliyadda iyo heshiisyada. Dowladda Federaalka waxay xiriir laba geesood ah la leedahay dhowr dowladood oo dhexe oo ka tirsan beesha caalamka. Waxaa ka mid ah Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Masar , Imaaraadka Carabta , Yemen , Turkiga , Talyaaniga , Ingiriiska , Denmark , Faransiiska , Maraykanka , Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , Federaalka Ruushka iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya . Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr safaaradood oo dibadda ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira safaarado iyo qunsuliyado shisheeye oo kala duwan oo fadhigoodu yahay caasimadda Muqdisho iyo meelo kale oo dalka ah. Soomaaliya waxay kaloo xubin ka tahay ururo badan oo caalami ah, sida Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika iyo Jaamacadda Carabta . Waxay xubin ka ahayd Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka 1969. Xubnaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Bulshada Bariga Afrika , Kooxda 77 , Urur Goboleedka IGAD , Bangiga Caalamiga ah ee Dib-u-dhiska iyo Horumarinta , Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka Caalamiga ah , Ururka Horumarinta Caalamiga ah , Hay'adda Maaliyadda Caalamiga ah , Dhaqdhaqaaqa aan Isbahaysiga ahayn iyo Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka ===Milatari=== [[File:Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro - 1977.jpg|thumb|Gaashaanle Sare C/laahi Axmed Cirro oo ahaa Taliyihii Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed 1977kii.]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Soomaaliya (SAF) waa ciidamada milateriga ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Isagoo Madaxwaynuhu ka yahay Taliyaha Guud ee Qaranka, waxa dastuurku u igmaday inay sugaan qarannimada, madaxbannaanida iyo wadajirka dhuleed ee qaranka. SAF waxa ay markii hore ka koobnaayeen Ciidanka , Ciidanka Badda , Ciidanka Cirka , Ciidanka Booliska iyo Nabadsugida . Muddadii xorriyadda ka dib, waxay kortay inay ka mid noqoto ciidamada waaweyn ee qaaradda. Kaddib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991kii wuxuu horseeday in la kala diro ciidankii xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Sannadkii 2004-tii, waxaa si tartiib-tartiib ah dib-u-dhis ciidan loogu sameeyay dhismihii KMG ahaa. Ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya ayaa hadda waxaa dusha kala socda Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga Xukuumadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo la dhisay bartamihii sanadkii hore ee 2012-ka. Bishii Janaayo 2013, dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa sidoo kale dib u howlgelisay hay’addii sirdoonka qaranka ee Muqdisho, iyadoo magaca hay’addaas loo bixiyay NISA . Dawlad- goboleedka Somaliland iyo Puntland waxay ilaashadaan ammaankooda iyo ciidamadooda booliiska. ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xuquuqda aadanaha waxaa lagu damaanad qaaday [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka Federaalka]]. Waxay hoos yimaadaan Wasaaradda Xuquuqda Aadanaha oo la aasaasay bishii Agoosto 2013.<ref name="Usthrs">{{cite news|title=Somalia takes human rights steps|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2013/09/03/Somalia-takes-human-rights-steps/UPI-34071378218185/|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=UPI|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Isla waqtigaas, maamulka dhexe wuxuu bilaabay Maalinta Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha, ansixiyay Khariidadda Rasmiga ah ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha,<ref name=Suehhrebubcp>{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN expert hails human rights effort but urges broader consultation process |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=#.UwVrE5gju1E |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140220063126/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/www.wmo.int/html/story.asp?NewsID=45759&Cr=somalia&Cr1=%23.UwVrE5gju1E |url-status=dead|access-date=20 February 2014 |newspaper=UN News Centre |date=3 September 2013 |archive-date = 2014-02-20}}</ref> wuxuuna dhameystiray Siyaasadda Qaranka ee Jinsiga ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya.<ref name="Sasrracptrwvms">{{cite web|title=SOMALIA: AU Special Representative reiterates AMISOM's commitment in protecting the rights of women and vulnerable members of Society|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|publisher=AMISOM|access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302122017/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/08/14/somalia-au-special-representative-reiterates-amisoms-commitment-in-protecting-the-rights-of-women-and-vulnerable-members-of-society/|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galmada lab iyo dhedig labadaba waxay ku muteysanayaan dil Soomaaliya gudaheeda. Oktoobar 3, 2020, baadhaha xuquuqul insaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa walaac ka muujiyay dib u dhigista dowladda Soomaaliya ee ballanqaadyada xuquuqda aadanaha. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154 ee magaalada Sharjah ee dalka Imaaraadka Carabta. Soomaaliya maanta waxay leedahay diyaarado dhowr ah oo gaar loo leeyahay.]] Sida laga soo xigtay CIA-da iyo Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , iyadoo ay socdaan kacdoono sokeeye, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ku kooban yahay marka hore xoolaha iyo xawaaladaha / xawaaladaha Soomaalida ee ku nool wadamada dhaqaalahoodu horumaray, iyo isgaarsiinta gudaha . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay yaraanta tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo soo noqnoqoshada dagaalka sokeeye ee tobanaan sano socday , way adagtahay in la qiyaaso xajmiga ama kobaca dhaqaalaha. Sannadkii 1994-kii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay GDP-ga $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay in GDP-gu uu koray $5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , intii lagu jiray dagaal gudaha ah oo aad u yar, qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale koray, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo waaxda warshaduhu ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho , warbixintii 2007dii waxay xustay maalgashi gaar ah oo la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, ee hawlaha ganacsiga; Taas waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ahaa ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha, gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. Sannadkii 2007, dhaqaaleyahan Libertarian Peter Leeson waxa uu dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee korodhay u sababeeyay xeer dhaqameedka Soomaalida (oo loo yaqaan Xeer ), kaas oo uu soo jeediyay in uu helo jawi xasiloon oo ganacsi lagu sameeyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, GDP qofkiiba sanadkii 2012 wuxuu ahaa $226, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhacay marka la eego 1990. Qiyaastii 43% dadweynaha waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Mareykanka ah maalintii, qiyaastii 24% dadka laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% waxay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamada casriga ah ee warshadaha. Soomaaliya ayaa leh geela ugu badan adduunka. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo-dhaqato reer-guuraa ah, oo xoolo dhaqato ari, ido, geel iyo lo'. Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay ururiyaan xabag iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. ===Beeraha=== Beeraha ayaa ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya , badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $460 milyan sannadkii, taasoo ka badan wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor. Soomaaliya waxaa ka jirta hoos u dhac ganacsi oo gaaraya ilaa 190 milyan oo dollar sanadkii, balse taasi waxaa dhaaftay lacagaha ay soo diraan Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool, taasoo lagu qiyaasay ilaa hal bilyan oo dollar. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaallaan meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carbeed, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Taas oo taas ka duulaysa, dalalka Khaliijka Carabta ayaa bilaabay inay dalka ku sameeyaan maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah, iyadoo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabayaashii dhoofinta xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna iibsaday dhul beereed aad u ballaadhan. Soomaaliya sidoo kale waa dalka ugu badan ee keena Beeyada iyo Malmalka [[File:Mogadishu Sea Port.jpg|thumb|Dekada Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Sida laga soo xigtay Rugta Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha Soomaaliyeed , in ka badan lix shirkadood oo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale bixiya duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Daallo, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Jubba, shirkadaha Diyaaradaha ee Afrikaan Express , Bariga Afrika 540, Xarunta Hawada Dhexe iyo Hajara. Sannadkii 2008, dawladda Puntland waxay heshiis malaayiin doollar ah la saxeexatay Dubai ' Kooxda Lootah, oo ah koox warshadeed goboleed oo ka hawlgasha Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika. Heshiiskan ayaa dhigaya in wajiga koowaad ee maalgelinta uu ku kacayo 170 m, waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhiso shirkado cusub oo ka howlgala, maamula iyo dhismaha suuqa ganacsiga xorta ah ee magaalada Boosaaso iyo dhismaha badda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Shirkadda Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso ayaa loo qorsheeyay inay dhisto dhismaha garoonka si ay u buuxiso heerarka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan waddo cusub oo 3,400 m (11,200 fuudh) ah, dhismayaal waaweyn iyo kuwo caawiye ah, tagaasida iyo garoonnada, iyo hareeraha ammaanka. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba joogta Soomaaliyeed, in badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado ka sameysan kalluunka oo ku yaalla gobollada waqooyi, sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla 25 warshadood oo ku yaalla agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada, biyaha macdanta, macmacaanka, bacaha, dharka , hargaha iyo saabuunta, saabuunta iyo saabuunta, aluminium, furaashyo xumbo ah iyo barkimo, doonyo kalluumeysi, oo sameeya baakadaha, iyo kuwa dhagxaanta lagu farsameeyo . Sannadkii 2004tii, waxaa sidoo kale magaalada laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaaddeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ah. Maalgelinta shisheeye waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray dad caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan General Motors iyo Dole Fruit . ===Habka lacagta iyo lacag bixinta=== [[File:Obverse 2022 Somalia 1 oz Silver coin Leopard.jpg|thumb|2022 Soomaaliya 1 oz lacag ah Leopard (100 shilin)]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Kalsooni la’aanta lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo qaato marka la barbar dhigo shilinka Soomaaliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacag- is-weydaarsiga lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad u badan ayaa sare u kac ku yimid, gaar ahaan wax kala iibsiga oo aad u hooseeya. Sida uu sheegay Baanka Dhexe, deegaankan sicir-bararka ayaa la filayaa inuu soo afjarmo isla marka uu bangigu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegta ah ee ay shirkaduhu soo kordhiyeen. In kasta oo Soomaaliya aysan lahayn awood lacageed oo dhexe muddo ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxeysay markii uu qarxay dagaalladii sokeeye ee 1991-kii iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009-kii, nidaamka lacag-bixinta ee qaranka ayaa si cadaalad ah u horumaray iyadoo ay ugu horreyso jiritaanka baahsanaanta shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Intooda badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin Ururka Xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA), oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama ururka ka horreeyay ee Ururka Adeegyada Maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya (SFSA). MTO-yada Soomaalida ugu weyn waa Dahabshiil , oo ah shirkad ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2,000 oo qof oo ku kala nool 144 waddan oo laamo ku leh London iyo Dubai [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aasaasay 2012 si ay u soo jiitaan maalgashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dardargeliyo dib u dhiska ka socda Soomaaliya kadib colaadaha. ===Tamarta iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah=== Baanka Adduunka waxa uu sheegay in, 2007-dii, in korontadu ay inta badan bixiyeen ganacsiyo maxalli ah. Shirkadahan gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Shirkadda Tamarta Soomaaliyeed , oo qabata abuurista, gudbinta iyo qaybinta korontada.Sannadkii 2010, qaranku wuxuu soo saaray 310 milyan kWh wuxuuna cunay 288.3 milyan kWh oo koronto ah, oo kala galay 170aad iyo 177aad, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida ay CIA-du sheegtay. [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay kayd khayraad badan oo dabiici ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Yuuraaniyam , Bir ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . CIA-da ayaa sheegtay in ay jiraan 5.663 bilyan cubic mitir oo kayd gaas dabiici ah oo la xaqiijiyey. Lama hubo joogitaanka iyo inta uu le'eg yahay kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya. CIA-da waxa ay cadaysay in laga bilaabo 2011 aanay dalka ka jirin kayd shidaal oo la xaqiijiyey, halka UNCTAD ay soo jeedinayso in kaydka kaydka shidaalka ee Soomaaliya ugu badan uu ku yaal xeebaha waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland. Koox saliideed ah oo ku taxan Sydney , Kheyraadka Buuraleyda , waxay ku qiyaaseen in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyi-bari uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10 6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 10 9 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, ayaa caddeeyey in kaydka saliidda ee Suudaan uu yahay 6.7 bilyan. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Batroolka Soomaaliya waxaa dhistay dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay Soomaaliya ka heleen kayd weyn oo Yuraaniyaam ah iyo kayd macdaneed oo naadir ah. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshadaha ay qiyaaseen in cadadka kaydka ahi ay noqon karto in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas la yaqaan ee 800,000 oo tan. Sannadkii 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya wuxuu soo sheegay in waddanku leeyahay 5,000 tan oo uranium ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo uranium ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay kheyraad dheeraad ah (EAR) ee kaydka calcrete , iyo sidoo kale 0-150,000 oo kheyraad ah oo uranium ah. kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxa ay u xuub-siibatay soo saarista Yuraaniyaamka adduunka ugu weyn, iyada oo ay ku tartamayaan shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, Imaaraadka, Talyaaniga iyo Baraasiil. Xiriir Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah waxay saami ku leedahay gobollada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres (470,002 ha) ee Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA), oo ay ku jirto sahaminta Yuuraaniyam. Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska warshadaha ee Is dhexgalka Caalamiga ah waa shirkad tamareed oo fadhigeedu yahay Muqdisho. Waxaa ku midoobay shan shirkadood oo waaweyn oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga , maaliyadda , amniga iyo isgaarsiinta , kaddib heshiiskii wadajirka ahaa ee 2010-kii lagu saxiixay magaalada Istanbul ee dalka Turkiga si ay u bixiyaan kaabayaasha korontada iyo gaaska ee Soomaaliya. Iyada oo miisaaniyadii hore ee maalgelinta ahayd $1 bilyan, shirkaddu waxay bilawday Mashruuca Kala qaybinta Nabadda Soomaaliya, oo ah barnaamij tamar xoog leh oo xoog leh oo loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo hindisayaasha warshadaynta gudaha. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa laga filayaa in dhaqaalaha uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’ideysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ===Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta=== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bilaabay in ay abuurmaan oo u tartamaan sidii ay u heli lahaayeen kaabayaal dhaqaale oo maqan. Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah oo ay maalgaliyeen ganacsato Soomaaliyeed ayna taageerayaan khubaro ka kala socota Shiinaha , Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyo Yurub, shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah ayaa bixiya adeegyo taleefoonnada gacanta iyo internetka ah oo jaban oo aan laga helin meelo badan oo kale oo qaaradda ah. Macaamiishu waxa ay ku samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha (sida Dahabshiil-ka caanka ah ) iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyaga oo isticmaalaya telefoonnada gacanta, iyo sidoo kale in ay si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Ka dib markii ay iskaashi la sameeyeen shirkado caalami ah sida Sprint , ITT iyo Telenor , shirkadahani hadda waxay bixiyaan wicitaanada telefoonka ugu jaban uguna nadiifsan Afrika. Shirkadahan isgaarsiinta Soomaalida ayaa sidoo kale adeegyo u fidiya magaalo kasta iyo magaalo kasta oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah. Hadda waxa jira ilaa 25 khadadka ugu muhiimsan 1,000kii qofba, helida khadadka taleefoonada ee maxaliga ah ( Cufnaanta taleefannada ) ayaa ka sarreeya kuwa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer in ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah. Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Kooxda Golis Telecom, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom iyo Kooxda Somali Telecom. Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Inkasta oo ay xafiiltamaan, dhowr shirkadood oo kuwan ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaanta 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha, ilaalinta iyo ballaarinta shabakadahooda, iyo hubinta in tartanka uusan ka bixin xakamaynta. Telefishinka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee ay dowladdu maamusho waa kan ugu weyn ee adeegga dadweynaha ee qaranka. Muddo labaatan sano ah ka dib, waxaa si rasmi ah dib loo howlgeliyay idaacadda 4 - tii Abriil 2011 . TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland iyo Puntland TV iyo Radio hawada gobolada waqooyi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr telefishin iyo shabakado raadiyo oo gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah Telefishanka Horn Cable iyo Telefishanka Universal . Wargeysyada Xog Doon iyo Xog Ogaal iyo Horyaal Ciyaaraha oo ka soo baxa caasimadda dalka dibaddiisa. Waxa kale oo jira tiro warbaahin oo online ah oo tabisa wararka gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan Garoowe Onlayn , Wardheernews, iyo Boostada Puntland. Koodhka dalka internetka ee heerka sare (ccTLD) ee Soomaaliya waa .so . Waxa si rasmi ah dib u hawl-galiyey 1-dii November 2010-kii oo ay samaysay Diiwaanka .SO, kaas oo ay nidaamisay Wasaaradda Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta Qaranka. Bishii Nofembar 2013, ka dib Heshiis Is-afgarad ah oo lala saxiixday Boostada imaaraadka bishii Abriil ee sanadka, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta dowladda federaalka ayaa si rasmi ah dib ugu dhistay Adeegga Boostada Soomaaliyeed (Boostada Soomaaliyeed). Bishii Oktoobar 2014, wasaaraddu waxay sidoo kale dib u bilawday keenista boostada ee dibadda. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Laas Geel.jpg|thumb|Sawirro qadiimi ah oo ku yaal Laas Geel , Hargeysa]] Soomaaliya waxay leedahay meelo soo jiidasho leh oo maxalli ah, oo ka kooban goobo taariikhi ah, xeebo, biyo-dhacyo, silsilado buuro iyo jardiinooyin qaran. Warshadaha dalxiiska waxa maamusha wasaaradda dalxiiska ee qaranka. Maamulada Puntland iyo Somaliland waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo dalxiis oo u gaar ah. Ururka Dalxiiska Soomaaliyeed (SOMTA) ayaa sidoo kale bixiya adeegyo la-talin ah oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha dalxiiska qaranka. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2015, Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Duurjoogta ee Dowlad Goboleedka Koonfur Galbeed ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la qorsheeyay in la sameeyo kaydad dheeri ah iyo noocyada duurjoogta. Dowladda Mareykanka waxay kula talisay dadka safarka ah inaysan u safrin Soomaaliya. Muuqaallada xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah godadka Laas-geel oo ay ku jiraan fanka dhagaxa Neolithic ; Cal Madow , Buuraha Golis iyo Buuraha Oogo ; biyo-dhacyada Isku -shuban iyo Lamadaya ; iyo Seeraha Qaranka ee Hargeysa , Jilibka Qaranka , Beerta Qaranka ee Kismaayo iyo Beerta Qaranka ee Lag Badana . ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:Aden Abdullah Airport.jpg|thumb|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]] Shabakadda waddooyinka Soomaaliya waa 22,100 km (13,700 mi). Laga bilaabo 2000 , 2,608 km (1,621 mi) jidad ayaa la saaray 19,492 km (12,112 mi) lama laami ah. Waddo dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay 750 km (470 mi) ayaa isku xirta magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga dalka, sida Boosaaso , Gaalkacyo iyo Garoowe iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Laba iyo lixdan garoon diyaaradeed oo Soomaaliya oo dhan ah ayaa qaada gaadiidka hawada; toddobo ka mid ah kuwan ayaa laami la saaray. Kuwa dambe, afar garoon diyaaradeed ayaa leh dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee ka badan 3,047 mitir (9,997 ft); laba waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 iyo 3,047 m (7,999 iyo 9,997 ft) midna waa 1,524 ilaa 2,437 m (5,000 ilaa 7,995 ft) dheer. Waxa jira shan iyo konton garoon diyaaradeed oo leh meelo ay ka soo degaan oo aan laami ahayn. Mid waxa uu leeyahay dhabo diyaaradeed oo ka badan 3,047 m; afar waxay u dhexeeyaan 2,438 m iyo 3,047 m dherer; labaatan waa 1,524 m ilaa 2,437 m; afar iyo labaatan waa 914 m ilaa 1,523 m; lixna waxay ka hooseeyaan 914 mitir (2,999 ft). Garoomada ugu waaweyn ee dalka waxaa ka mid ah Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde ee Muqdisho, Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa ee Hargeysa, Garoonka Kismaayo ee Kismaayo , Garoonka Baydhabo ee Baydhabo iyo Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso. Somali Airlines oo la aas aasay 1964-tii, waxay ahayd duulimaadka calanka Soomaaliya. Waxa ay joojisay hawlihii ay ka shaqayn jirtay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii sokeeye. Si kastaba ha ahaatee , dawladdii Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay ayaa markii dambe bilowday diyaargarow loogu jiro dib u hawlgelinta shirkadii la filayey in dib loo bilaabo sannadkii 2012 . In ka badan lix ka mid ah shirkadahan diyaaradeed ee gaarka loo leeyahay waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo ganacsi oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Iyadoo leh xeebta ugu dheer qaaradda, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay dhowr dekedood oo waaweyn . Gaadiidka badda ayaa laga helaa dekedaha Muqdisho, Boosaaso, Berbera , Kismaayo iyo Marka . Waxaa kaloo jira hal badeecooyin badeed ah . Waxa la aasaasay 2008, waxa ay ku salaysan tahay xamuulka. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== {{Further|Liiska magaalooyinka Soomaaliya dadka ku nool}} {|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Tirada Dadka{{UN_Population|ref}} |- ! style="background:#cfb;"|Sano ! style="background:#cfb;"|Milyan |- |style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|2.3 |- |style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|9.0 |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Somalia}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}} |} Soomaaliya waxaa ka maqan xog la isku halayn karo. Wadanku waxa lagu qiyaasaa dad lagu qiyaasay 17.1 milyan oo degan 2021; wadarta dadka marka loo eego tirakoobkii 1975 waxay ahaayeen 3.3 milyan. Sahan ay samaysay Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay oo la sameeyay 2013 iyo 2014 ayaa lagu qiyaasay tirada guud ee dadka inay tahay 12,316,895. Qiyaastii 85% dadka deegaanka waa qowmiyad Soomaali ah , kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan deggenaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka. Waxay dhaqan ahaan u abaabulan yihiin reer guuraa xoolo-dhaqato ah, boqortooyo dabacsan, suldaanno iyo dawlad-goboleedyo. Dagaalladii sokeeye ee billowgii sagaashamaadkii waxay si weyn u kordhiyeen tirada qurbo-joogta Soomaalida , iyadoo in badan oo ka mid ah Soomaalidii aqoonta sare lahayd ay dalka ka tageen. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ayaa ah inta ka hartay shacabka Soomaaliyeed, waxayna inta badan ku badan yihiin gobollada koonfureed. Waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese , Bantus , Bajuuni , Xabashi (gaar ahaan Oromo ) Yamaniyiin , Hindi , Faaris , Talyaani iyo Ingiriis . Qowmiyadda Bantus oo ah qowmiyadda ugu badan ee laga tirada badan yahay Soomaaliya, waa faracii addoomo laga keenay Koonfur-bari Afrika oo ay lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Soomaali ah. 1940kii, waxa ku noolaa Somaliland Talyaani ilaa 50,000 Talyaani ah . Inta badan reer Yurub waxay ka tageen xorriyadda ka dib, iyadoo tiro yar oo reer galbeed ah ay weli joogaan Soomaaliya oo u badan kuwa u shaqeeya hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[File:Population pyramid of Somalia 2015.png|thumb|Dadka da' kasta]] Qurba joog Soomaaliyeed oo aad u tiro badan ayaa ka jira wadamo kala duwan oo reer galbeed ah sida Maraykanka (gaar ahaan gobolka Minnesota ) iyo Ingiriiska (gaar ahaan London ), Iswidhan, Kanada, Norway, Nederland, Jarmalka, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Switzerland, Austria, Talyaaniga, iyo sidoo kale Jasiiradda Carabta , iyo dalal dhowr ah oo Afrikaan ah sida Uganda iyo Koonfur Afrika . Qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn ugu lug leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka Soomaaliya. Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya, Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed , ayaa horay u ahaa qurbo-joog, wuxuuna heystay dhalashada Mareykanka oo uu si iskii ah uga tanaasulay 2019. Dadka Soomaaliya waxa ay ku sii fidayaan kobac dhan 1.75% sanadkii, halka 1,000 qofba ay dhallaan 40.87. Wadarta heerka bacriminta Soomaaliya waa 6.08 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba (qiyaastii 2014), waana tan afaraad ee ugu sareysa adduunka, sida uu qabo Buugga Xaqiiqooyinka Adduunka ee CIA . Inta badan dadka deegaanka ayaa ah dhalinyaro, da'da dhexdhexaadka ah waa 17.7 sano; Qiyaastii 44% dadku waxay da'doodu u dhaxaysaa 0-14 sano, 52% waxay u dhexeeyaan da'da 15-64 sano, kaliya 2% waa 65 sano ama ka weyn. Saamiga lab iyo dheddig waa qiyaas dheelli tiran, iyadoo saami ahaan lagu qiyaaso inta ragga ah sida dumarka. Ma jiraan xog la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Qiyaaso adag ayaa la sameeyay oo tilmaamaya heerka magaalaynta 4.8% sanadkii (2005–2010 qiyaas ahaan.), iyadoo magaalooyin badan ay si degdeg ah u korayaan magaalooyinka. Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa sidoo kale ka soo guuray miyiga una guuray magaalooyinka tan iyo markii ay bilowdeen dagaalladii sokeeye, gaar ahaan Muqdisho iyo Kismaayo . Laga soo bilaabo 2008 , 37.7% dadweynaha qaranku waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyadoo boqolkiiba ay si degdeg ah u kordheyso. ===Luuqadaha=== Af-Soomaaligu waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu horreysa ee Soomaaliya halka Carabiga uu yahay luqadda labaad ee rasmiga ah ee dastuurka. Af-Soomaaligu waa afkii hooyo ee dadka Soomaaliyeed oo ah qowmiyadda ugu tirada badan qaranka. Waa xubin ka tirsan laanta Kushitigga ee qoyska afafka Afro-Aasiyatiga, qaraabada ugu dhowna waa afafka Oromada, Canfarta iyo Saho. Af-Soomaaligu waa kan ugu wanaagsan ee laga diiwaan geliyo luqadaha Kushitigga, iyada oo daraasado tacliimeed lagu sameeyay laga soo bilaabo 1900 ka hor. [[File:Somali Stone.jpg|thumb|Looxa dhagaxa ah ee laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 14-aad ee suugaanta Wadaad]] Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: Waqooyi, Banaadir iyo Maayga. Soomaali-waqooyi (ama Waqooyi-Bartamaha Soomaaliya) ayaa saldhig u ah heerka Soomaaliga. Benaadir (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xeebta Soomaaliya) waxaa looga hadlaa xeebta Banaadir, laga bilaabo Cadale ilaa koonfurta magaalada Marka oo ay ku jirto Muqdisho, iyo sidoo kale dhulka hoose ee dhow. Lahjadaha xeebuhu waxay leeyihiin telefoono dheeraad ah oo aan ku qornayn Soomaali caadi ah. Maayga waxaa ku hadla inta badan beelaha Digil iyo Mirifle (Raxanweyn) ee dega deegaanada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Banaadiri waa lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo dalka, marka la barbardhigo Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ah lahjada ugu weyn ee looga hadlo Somaliland. Sanado badan ayaa habab qoris kala duwan loo adeegsaday qorista afka Soomaaliga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah alifbeetada Soomaaliga, oo ah tan ugu badan ee la isticmaalo, isla markaana noqotay qoraalka rasmiga ah ee Soomaaliya tan iyo markii Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku si rasmi ah u hirgeliyay bishii Oktoobar 1972.<ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) ''Middle East annual review'' (1975) p. 229</ref> Qoraallo kale oo qarniyo badan loo adeegsanayay qorista Soomaaliga waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Carabiga iyo qoraalka Wadaadka. Habab qoraal oo asal ahaan Soomaaliyeed oo la sameeyay qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah qoraalka Cusmaaniya, qoraalka Borama iyo qoraalka Kaddare.<ref>{{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|pp=86–87}}.</ref> [[Carabi|Carabiga]], oo ah luqadda labaad ee Soomaaliya,<ref name="Frspc"/> waxaa ku hadla ku dhowaad hal milyan oo Soomaali ah<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |title=Somalia |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308060654/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages |archive-date=8 March 2021 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=Ethnologue}}</ref> sababo la xiriira xiriirrada qarniyada badan jiray ee ay la leedahay Dunida Carabta, saameynta ballaaran ee warbaahinta Carabiga, iyo waxbarashada diinta.<ref name="Dubnov">Helena Dubnov (2003) ''A grammatical sketch of Somali'', Kِppe, pp. 70–71.</ref><ref>Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor (1993) ''The Somalis: their history and culture'', Center for Applied Linguistics, p. 15.</ref><ref>Fiona MacDonald et al. (2000) ''Peoples of Africa'', Vol. 10, Marshall Cavendish, p. 178.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=((American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies)) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 |title=Area Handbook for Somalia |date=1969 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=235 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2005 |title=Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide |url=http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp |archive-date=14 December 2006 |access-date=27 June 2010 |publisher=Mepc.org}}</ref><ref name="Abdullahi 2001 12">{{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=1}}.</ref> SIL Global waxay qiyaastaa tirada guud ee dadka ku hadla, iyadoo aan loo eegin heerka aqoontooda, inay ka badan tahay laba milyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/so/languages|title=Somalia|website=Ethnologue}}</ref> Waxaa loo adeegsadaa luqad cibaado maadaama uu yahay afka [[Qur'aan|Qur'aanka]]. Soomaalidu waxay bartaan akhriska iyo qorista Carabiga iyagoo da' yar. [[File:Arabic in Somalia Graph.png|thumb|280px|left|Qiyaasta aqoonta Carabiga ee dadka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo la kala saarayo akhriska qoraalka Qur'aanka iyo ku hadalka Carabiga.<ref name="Salad2025">{{cite journal |last=Salad |first=Hussein Ahmed |title=Somali community perception on Arabic language |journal=Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=50–60 |year=2025 |doi=10.70806/frz04z80}}</ref>]] [[Af-Ingiriis|Ingiriisiga]] si weyn ayaa looga hadlaa loona dhigaa. Wuxuu ahaan jiray luqad maamul xilligii maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska, waxaana sabab u ah caalamiyeynta uu hadda caan ka yahay guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Ingiriisigu waa luqadda waxbarashada ee jaamacado badan oo Soomaaliya ku yaalla, waana mid ka mid ah luqadaha shaqada ee ugu waaweyn hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn ee ka hawlgala Soomaaliya. [[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaaniga]] wuxuu ahaa luqad rasmi ah xilligii Somaliland Talyaaniga iyo muddadii wakiillimada, laakiin isticmaalkiisa aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay kaddib xorriyadda. Hadda waxaa inta badan laga maqlaa jiilalka waaweyn, saraakiisha dowladda, iyo dadka aqoonta leh. Luqadaha kale ee laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Bravanese, oo ah nooc ka mid ah luqadda Bantu ee Sawaaxiliga oo laga hadlo xeebaha ay deggan yihiin dadka Bravanese, iyo Kibajuni, oo ah lahjad Sawaaxili ah oo ah afka hooyo ee kooxda qowmiyadeed ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Bajuni. {{clear}} ===Gobolada iyo magaalooyinka=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} ===Diinta=== {{bar box|float=right |title=[[Diinta Soomaalida]] 2010<ref name="Pew">{{cite web |title=The Global Religious Landscape|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2013|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=27 December 2013|page=49}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Diin|right1=Boqolkiiba |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islaam|Islaam]]|green|99.8}} {{bar percent|Mid Kale|red|0.2}} }} {{Main|Diinta Soomaalida}} '''Diinta Soomaaliya 2010''' Diinta Boqolkiiba Islaamka 99.8% Mid kale 0.2% [[File:Mosislsol2.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Isbaheysiga Islaamka ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa ah masjidka ugu weyn gobolka Geeska.]] Sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew , 99.8% dadka Soomaaliya waa Muslim 315. Inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin laanta Islaamka ee sunniga iyo mad-habta shaaficiga ee fiqiga islaamka . suufiyada , dariiqada suufiga ah ee Islaamka, ayaa sidoo kale si fiican u dhisan, oo leh jamacooyin badan oo maxalli ah zawiya ama jameeco ka mid ah tariiqooyinka kala duwan ama suufiyada. Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu kaloo qeexayaa diinta Islaamka inay tahay diinta dowladda ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, shareecada Islaamkana ay tahay isha aasaasiga ah ee sharci-dejinta qaranka. Waxa kale oo uu dhigayaa in aan la samayn karin xeer aan waafaqsanayn mabaadi’da aasaasiga ah ee shareecada. Diinta Masiixiga waa diimo laga tiro badan yahay Soomaaliya, dadka raacsani waxay matalaan in ka yar 0.1% dadweynaha sanadka 2010 sida ay sheegtay xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew. Tirada Masiixiyiinta Soomaaliya waxa lagu qiyaasaa 1,000 qof. Waxaa jira hal dariiqo Katoolik ah oo dalka oo dhan u yaal, Diocese-ka Muqdisho , taas oo ku qiyaastay in 2004 ay jireen ku dhawaad ​​boqol dhakhaatiir Katoolik ah. Sannadkii 1913kii, waagii hore ee gumaystaha, ma jirin wax Masiixiyiin ah oo ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida, iyada oo ilaa 100-200 oo keliya ay ka yimaaddeen dugsiyada iyo xarumaha agoomaha ee hawlgalladii Kaatooligga ee Maxmiyadda Somaliland ee Ingiriiska . Sidoo kale ma jirin hawl wadeenno Katoolik ah oo la yaqaan oo ka socday Somaliland Talyaani isla muddadaas. Sannadihii 1970-aadkii, xilligii ay Soomaaliya ka talinaysay dowladdii Marxist-ta , waxaa la xiray iskuulladii ay kaniisaddu maamuli jirtay, adeegayaashana waxaa loo diray guryahooda. Tan iyo 1989-kii ma jirin wax Baasaboor ah oo dalka ka howlgala, waxaana cathedral- ka Muqdisho ka dhacay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray dagaalladii sokeeye. Bishii Disembar 2013, Wasaaradda Caddaaladda iyo Arrimaha Diinta ayaa sidoo kale soo saartay awaamiir mamnuucaysa in dalka laga qabto xafladaha Kiristaanka. Marka loo eego xarunta cilmi baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sanadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diimaha dadweynaha . Kuwaas oo u badnaan ka koobnaa qaar ka mid ah qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ku nool qaybaha koonfureed ee dalka, kuwaas oo ku dhaqma nacayb . Dhanka Bantuda , dhaqamadaas diineed waxay ka dhaxleen awoowayaashood Koonfur Bari Afrika . Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego Xarunta Cilmi-baarista ee Pew, in ka yar 0.1% dadka Soomaaliya sannadkii 2010 waxay ahaayeen kuwo raacsan diinta Yuhuudda , Hinduismka , Budhiismka , ama aan ku xidhnayn diin kasta . ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Life expectancy in Somalia.png|thumb|Cimriga Soomaaliya, 1950 ilaa 2023]] Ilaa burburkii dawladdii dhexe ee sannadkii 1991-kii, haykalka hab-dhismeedka iyo hab-dhismeedka maamulka ee waaxda daryeelka caafimaadka ee Soomaaliya waxa dusha kala socday Wasaaradda Caafimaadka. Saraakiisha caafimaadka ee gobolku waxay ku raaxaysanayeen xoogaa awood ah, laakiin daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu ahaa mid si weyn u dhexeya. Dawladii hantiwadaaga ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre waxay joojisay dhaq-dhaqaaqii caafimaadka ee gaarka ahaa 1972 . Nidaamkii daryeelka bulshada ee Soomaaliya ayaa si weyn u burburay dagaalladii sokeeye ee xigay. Sida waaxaha kale ee hore loo qarameeyay, bixiyayaasha aan rasmiga ahayn ayaa buuxiyey booskii banaanaa waxayna bedeleen kalidii dawladii hore ee daryeelka caafimaadka, iyada oo helitaanka tas-hiilaadka ay markhaati ka tahay koror weyn. Xarumo daryeel caafimaad oo badan, rugo caafimaad, isbitaallo iyo farmasiyo ayaa howsha lagu dhisay iyadoo loo marayo dadaallo Soomaaliyeed oo gurigooda lagu beeray. Qiimaha la-talinta caafimaadka iyo daaweynta xarumahan waa mid hooseeya, $ 5.72 booqasho kasta oo xarumaha caafimaadka ah (oo leh daboolida dadweynaha ee 95%), iyo $ 1.89-3.97 booqasho bukaan-socod iyo $ 7.83-13.95 maalintii sariiraha aasaasiga ah ilaa isbitaallada sare. Isbarbardhigga muddada 2005-2010 iyo tobankii sano ee badhkii ka hor dillaaca iskahorimaadka (1985-1990), rajada nolosha ayaa dhab ahaantii kor u kacday celcelis ahaan 47 sano ragga iyo dumarka ilaa 48.2 sano ragga iyo 51 sano haweenka. Sidoo kale, tirada hal sano jirka ah ee si buuxda looga tallaalay jadeecada ayaa kor uga kacday 30% 1985-1990 ilaa 40% 2000-2005, iyo qaaxada , waxay kor u kacday ku dhawaad ​​20% ilaa 50% isla muddadaas. Tirada dhallaanka miisaankoodu hooseeyo ayaa hoos uga dhacay min 16 1,000kiiba ilaa 0.3, taasoo ah 15% hoos u dhac ku yimid wadar ahaan isla waqtigaas. Intii u dhaxaysay 2005 iyo 2010 marka la barbardhigo 1985-1990, dhimashada dhallaanka ee 1,000 dhalasho waxay sidoo kale hoos uga dhacday 152 ilaa 109.6. Muhiimad weyn, dhimashada hooyada 100,000 ee dhallaanka waxay ka dhacday 1,600 dagaalkii ka hor 1985-1990 tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ilaa 1,100 muddadii 2000-2005. Tirada dhakhaatiirta 100,000 ee qof ayaa sidoo kale ka kacay 3.4 ilaa 4 isla waqti isku mid ah, sida boqolkiiba dadka helay adeegyada fayadhowrka, kuwaas oo ka kordhay 18% ilaa 26%. Marka loo eego xogta Sanduuqa Dadweynaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee shaqaalaha umulisooyinka, wadar ahaan 429 umulisooyin ah (oo ay ku jiraan kalkaalisooyin- umulisooyin) Soomaaliya, oo leh cufnaanta hal umuliso 1,000kii carruur ah ee nool. Siddeed xarumood oo umulisooyin ah ayaa hadda dalka ka jira, oo laba ka mid ah ay yihiin kuwo gaar loo leeyahay. Umulisada waxaa nidaamisa dowladda, waxaana loo baahan yahay shatiga si loogu shaqeeyo si xirfadeysan. Diiwaangelin toos ah ayaa sidoo kale jirta si loola socdo umulisooyinka shatiga haysta. Intaa waxaa dheer, umulisooyinka dalka waxaa si rasmi ah uga wakiil ah ururka umulisooyinka maxalliga ah, oo ka diiwaangashan 350 xubnood Marka loo eego qiyaasta hay'adda caafimaadka adduunka ee 2005, qiyaastii 97.9% haweenka iyo gabdhaha Soomaaliya ayaa lagu sameeyay gudniinka fircooniga ah, caadada guurka ka hor inta badan waxay ku dhacdaa Geeska Afrika iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bariga dhow. Waxaa dhiirigeliyay haweenka bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay in la ilaaliyo dhawrsanaanta, laga hortago sinada, lagana ilaaliyo weerarka. Sannadkii 2013, UNICEF oo kaashanaysa maamullada Soomaaliya ayaa sheegtay in heerka baahsanaanta ee gabdhaha da'doodu u dhaxayso 1- ilaa 14-sano ee ku nool gobollada waqooyi ee Puntland iyo Somaliland ay hoos ugu dhacday 25% ka dib olole wacyigelin bulsho iyo diineed ah. Qiyaastii 93% ragga Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay in la guday Soomaaliya ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya heerka caabuqa HIV ee qaaradda. Taasna waxaa loo aaneynayaa dabeecadda Muslimka ah ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo ku-dhaqanka Soomaalida ku dhaqanka akhlaaqda Islaamka. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay heerka faafidda HIV ee Soomaaliya 1987 (sannadkii warbixinta kiiskii ugu horreeyay) uu ahaa 1% dadka waaweyn, warbixin 2012 ka soo baxday UNAIDS ayaa sheegaysa in tan iyo 2004, qiyaasaha laga soo bilaabo 0.7% ilaa 1.0% la qiyaasay. In kasta oo daryeelka caafimaadku hadda inta badan ku urursan yahay ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka guud ee dalku waxa uu ku socdaa dib-u-dhiskiisa, waxaana dusha kala socota wasaaradda caafimaadka. Wasiirka caafimaadka Qamar Aadan Cali. Ismaamulka Puntland waxa uu leeyahay Wasaarad u gaar ah Caafimaadka, sida gobolka Somaliland ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Soomaaliya. Xarumaha caafimaadka ee dalka caanka ka ah ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Bariga Baardheere , Isbitaalka Hooyada iyo Dhallaanka ee Caabudwaaq , Isbitaalka Hooyada ee Edna Aadan iyo qeybta Hooyada ee Galbeedka Baardheere . ===Waxbarashada=== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ayaa si rasmi ah uga mas’uul ah waxbarashada Soomaaliya, waxaana ay dusha kala socotaa dugsiyada hoose dhexe , sare ,farsamada iyo farsamada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale tababaridda macallimiinta hoose iyo kuwa farsamada iyo waxbarashada dadban . Qiyaastii 15% ee miisaaniyadda dawladda waxa loo qoondeeyey hab-waxbarasho. Maamul-goboleedka Puntland iyo Somaliland ayaa iska leh wasaaradaha waxbarashada. [[File:Mogauniv1.jpg|thumb|Xarunta ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Muqdisho ee Muqdisho]] Waxbarashada sare ee Soomaaliya hadda waa mid gaar loo leeyahay. Dhawr jaamacadood oo dalka ku yaala oo ay ku jirto jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa lagu qiimeeyay 100-ka jaamacadood ee ugu wanaagsan qaaradda Afrika in kasta oo ay jiraan deegaan qallafsan, taasoo lagu tilmaamay inay tahay guul laga gaaray hindisayaal salka ku haya . Jaamacadaha kale ee sidoo kale bixiya tacliinta sare ee koonfurta waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda Banaadir , Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed , Jaamacadda Kismaayo iyo Jaamacadda Gedo . Puntland waxbarashada sare waxaa bixiya Jaamacadaha Puntland iyo Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika . Somaliland waxa bixiya Jaamacada Camuud , Jaamacada Hargeysa , Somaliland Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda iyo Jaamacadda Burco . Dugsiyada Qur'aanka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dugsi quran ama malcamad quran ) ayaa ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee barashada diinta dhaqameed. Loo yaqaan habka ugu xasilloon ee deegaanka, nidaamka aan tooska ahayn ee waxbarashada oo bixiya waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee diinta iyo akhlaaqda, xooggoodu waxay ku tiirsan yihiin taageerada bulshada iyo adeegsigooda agab waxbarasho oo gudaha laga sameeyay oo si weyn loo heli karo. Nadaamka Qur’aanka oo wax lagu baro tirada ugu badan ee ardayda marka loo eego qeybaha kale ee waxbarashada, ayaa inta badan ah nidaamka kaliya ee ay heli karaan Soomaalida reer guuraaga ah marka loo eego magaalooyinka. Si wax looga qabto khaladaadka dhanka culuumta diinta, dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa dhankeeda sidoo kale ka dib dhistay Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Arrimaha Islaamka, taasoo hadda lagu maamulo waxbarashada Qur’aanka. ==Dhaqanka== ===Cunto=== [[File:Banadir3.jpg|thumb|Noocyada kala duwan ee cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Soomaalida]] Cunnada Soomaalidu waa isku dhaf noocyo kala duwan oo cuntooyin ah kuwaas oo laga soo dheegtay dhadhanka Carabta , Hindida iyo Talyaaniga taas oo si toos ah uga dhalatay taariikhda baaxadda leh ee Soomaaliya ee ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga. Tusaalooyinka cuntooyinka Soomaalida waxaa ka mid ah cunnooyinka sida bariiska iyo baasto , iyo hilibka sida wan , lo'da , iyo digaagga . Xawaashyada udgoonka ah sida cumin , karoomada , iyo kiraanta ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo dhadhan kala duwan suxuunta. Waxaa barbar socda maraqa , rootiga fidsan , iyo rootiga , cunnada kale ee Soomaalida waa Canjeero /Laxooh , oo ah nooc canjeero khamiir leh oo u eg roodhida fidsan ee laga dhadhamiyo Soomaaliya iyo dalalka deriska ah sida Itoobiya , Eritera iyo Yemen . Additionally, camel meat and milk are considered a delicacy. Bariiska Soomaaliya oo ah cuntada caadiga ah ee cashada ama qadada , ayaa sida caadiga ah la dhadhamiyey waxaana lagu daraa maaddooyin kala duwan sida hilibka , khudaarta , iyo, si xoogaa gaar ah, sabiib . Maaha wax aan caadi ahayn in saxankan loo soo bandhigo qaab muuqaal ah iyadoo lagu darayo midabyo badan, sababtoo ah qaybo gaar ah ayaa laga yaabaa in si macmal ah loogu dhejiyo hadhka jaalaha ah ama orange-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saffron iyo dhir kale si kor loogu qaado bilicdeeda [[File:Djiboutian rice (bariis) and fish (kalluun), Liver (beerka) with vegetable also (Sabaayad) pancakes.jpg|thumb|Bariis Soomaali ah (bariis) iyo kalluun (kalluun), Beerka (biir) khudaar leh sidoo kale (Sabaayad) canjeelo]] Xiligii gumaystaha talyaanigu waxa si wayn loo qaatay baastada iyo laasgaabka gaar ahaan koonfurta. Shaaha iyo kafeega ayaa sidoo kale runtii caan ah. Soomaalida ayaa ka mid ahaa dadkii hore u qaatay cunista kafeega , waxaana ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ay ka mid ahaayeen ganacsatadii ugu horreysay ee dhoofisa digirta Kafeega. Qaxwaha Soomaalida, oo gudaha loo yaqaan ' Qahwo ' iyo shaaha 'Shah', ayaa aad uga dhex muuqda habka diyaarinta, kaas oo ku lug leh xulashada xawaashka kala duwan si kor loogu qaado muuqaalkeeda dhadhanka. 'Xalwo', oo si dhow ula xiriirta Cumaan ' Xalwaa ', waa daweyn jelly-la mid ah oo siman oo lagu sameeyay xawaash , iniin, laws , iyo sonkor la shiiday . Macmacaankan waxa si caadi ah loogu wada adeegaa " Qahwo ". Cunto ka dib, guryaha sida dhaqameedka ah waxaa lagu cadariyaa fooxa ama fooxa ( unsi ), kaas oo lagu diyaariyo gudaha fooxa r loo yaqaan dabqaad . ===Muusiga=== Soomaaliya waxay leedahay hiddaha faneed hodanka ah oo ku qotoma suugaan-dhaqameedka Soomaalida . Heesaha Soomaalida intooda badan waa hal-abuur . Muusiga Soomaaliyeed waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaldo dhawaaqyada gobollada u dhow sida Itoobiya, Suudaan ama Jasiiradda Carabta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa laxankeeda iyo qaababka gaarka ah. Aaladaha dhaqameed ee sida weyn looga dhex muuqday fanka Soomaaliya waxaa ka mid ah oud lute . Inta badan waxaa la socda durbaan yaryar iyo biibiile cawsduur ah oo gadaal ka ah. Heesaha Soomaalidu inta badan waa wax ka dhasha wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa hal-abuurayaasha ( midho ), abwaannada ( laxan ) iyo fannaaniinta ( codka ama "codadka") ===Suugaanta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa sanadihii lasoo dhaafay ahaa ilo ay ka soo jeedaan abwaanno, qorayaal iyo hal-abuuro caan ah, kuwaas oo qayb weyn ka qaatay soo saarista iyo qaabaynta hab-raacyada aqoonta iyo dhaqanka Muslimiinta, mana aha oo kaliya Geeska Afrika ee waxa ay gaadheen meelo fog-fog oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Carabta iyo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Soomaaliya waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa, oo ay ka mid yihiin, qoraaga Kanadiyaan ah iyo aqoonyahanada Margaret Laurence , "Qaranka Abwaanada " iyo "Qaranka Baadiyada ". Sahmiye iyo qoraa Ingiriis oo caan ah Richard Burton ayaa si hufan wax uga qoray Soomaaliya: Dalku wuxuu la socdaa, 'Abwaanada, nin kastaa wuxuu leeyahay mawqifkiisa la aqoonsan yahay ee suugaanta sida saxda ah ee loo qeexay sida in dib loo eegay qarniyo joornaal ah - dhegta wanaagsan ee dadkani waxay keenaysaa in ay qaataan raaxada ugu weyn ee dhawaaqyada iswaafaqsan iyo tibaaxaha maansada, halka tiro been ah ama weedh qallafsan ay ku kicinayaan." ===Casri ah=== [[File:Hadrawi.jpg|thumb|Abwaan , faylasuuf iyo hal-abuure, Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame (Hadraawi)]] Markii la qaatay farta laatiinka sannadkii 1972-kii oo laga dhigay halbeegga alifbeetada qaranka, waxaa kaloo soo saaray qorayaal Soomaali ah oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo qaarkood sumcad weyn ku helay caalamka oo dhan. Qorayaashan casriga ah, Nuruddin Farah waa kan ugu caansan, isagoo helay, abaal-marinno kale, 1998-kii Neustadt ee abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee suugaanta . Faarax MJ Cawl waa qoraa kale oo caan ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ku ahaa sheeko-qoraalkiisii ​​xilligii Dervish , Jahligu waa cadowga jacaylka . Waxa kale oo maansada Soomaalidu aad u kobcaysay wakhtigan iyadoo Hadraawi uu sumcad qaran ku helay tiraabtiisa iyo maansadiisa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Tartamada gudaha ee muhiimka ah ayaa ah horyaalka Soomaaliya iyo koobka Soomaaliya , iyadoo xulka qaranka Soomaaliya uu ciyaaro heer caalami. Kubadda kolayga ayaa sidoo kale laga ciyaaraa dalka. Horyaalkii FIBA ​​Africa 1981 ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Muqdisho 15 ilaa 23 December 1981, xiligaasi oo xulka qaranka kubada koleyga ay heleen bilada maarta ah. Sannadkii 2013-kii, waxaa magaalada Borlänge laga dhisay koox qaran oo ka tirsan kooxaha burcad badeeda Soomaalida . Waxa ay ka qaybgashay tartankii Horyaalka Adduunka ee Bandy 2014. Dhanka fanka dagaalka waxaa billad qalin ah iyo kaalinta afraad ku qaatay Faysal Jeylaani Aweys iyo Maxamed Deeq Cabdulle oo ka tirsan xulka qaranka Teekwondo-ga , waxayna ku guuleysteen koobka Taekwondo-ga Adduunka ee 2013 ee Tongeren Intaa waxaa dheer, Maxamed Jaamac waxa uu ku guuleystay labada koob ee adduunka iyo Yurub ee K-1 iyo feerka Thai . ===Dhismaha=== [[File:Gondereshe2008.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Gondershe]] Qaab-dhismeedka Soomaalidu waa dhaqan qani ah oo kala duwan oo xagga injineernimada iyo naqshadeynta ah. Iyadoo la eegayo wakhtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, dhexe iyo kuwii hore ee casriga ahaa ee dalka, waxa kale oo ay soo dhawaynaysaa isku dhafka qaab dhismeedka Somali-Islaamka oo leh nashqado casri ah oo reer galbeed ah. Soomaalidii hore, dhismooyinka haramka ah ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Taalo waxay ahaayeen qaab caan ah oo lagu aaso, iyadoo boqolaal ka mid ah taallooyinkii dhagaxaanta qallalan ay maanta ku baahsan yihiin dalka. Guryo ayaa laga dhisay dhagxaan lebisan oo la mid ah kuwii Masar hore . Waxa kale oo jira tusaaleyaal barxadaha iyo darbiyada waaweyn ee dhagaxa ah ee lagu soo dejiyey deegaamada, sida darbiga Wargade. Qaadashada Islaamka ee taariikhda dhexe ee hore ee Soomaaliya waxa ay Islaamku ka keentay Carabta iyo Faaris . Tani waxay kicisay isbeddelka dhismaha ee dhagaxa engegan iyo agabka kale ee la xidhiidha oo loo beddelay dhagaxa kooraska , lebennada qorraxda qallalan , iyo isticmaalka baahsan ee dhagaxa nuuradda ee dhismaha Soomaalida. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah naqshadaha cusub ee naqshadaha, sida masaajidda, ayaa lagu dhisay burburka dhismooyinkii hore, dhaqankaas oo socon doona qarniyada soo socda. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Warbixin Soomaaliya]] ==Taariikh nololeed== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Diriye Abdullahi |first=Mohamed |author-link=Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOPEEAAAQBAJ |title=Dhaqanka iyo Caadooyinka Soomaaliya |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-313-31333-2 |series=Dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka Afrika |location=Westport, Conn}} * {{Cite journal |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat iyo Ganacsiga Bariga Afrika, c. 1500–1800 |journal=[[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389 }} * {{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke |year= 2009 |title= Kacaankii Itoobiya: Dagaalka Geeska Afrika |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr |location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} * {{Cite book |last= Laitin |first= David D. |year= 1977 |title= Siyaasad, Luuqad, iyo Fikir: Khibradda Soomaalida |location= Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7 }} * {{Cite journal |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= Qalab Software ah oo loogu talagalay Cilmi-baarista Luuqadda iyo Qaamuusyada: Codsiga Soomaaliga |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131 |s2cid= 6515240 }} * {{Cite book |last=Mauri |first=Arnaldo |chapter-url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=958442 |title=Nidaamyada Bangiyada Afrika |publisher=[[Cariplo]] – Finafrica |year=1971 |editor-last=Dell'Amore |editor-first=Giordano |location=Milan |pages=209–217 |chapter=Horumarinta Bangiyada Soomaaliya}} * {{Cite book |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Gabayada Afka iyo Qaranimada Soomaaliyeed |location= Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9 }} * {{Cite book |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |editor-last=Barrington |editor-first=Lowell W. |chapter-url=https://press.umich.edu/pdf/0472098985-ch5.pdf |title=Ka Dib Xorriyadda: Samaynta iyo Ilaalinta Qaranka ee Dowladaha Dhacdooyinka Kadib |pages=107–137 |chapter=Laga bilaabo Irredentism ilaa Kala-go'id: Hoos u dhaca Qaranimada Pan-Soomaali |location= Ann Arbor |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9 }} * {{Cite book |last=Shay |first=Shaul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqw0DwAAQBAJ |title=Soomaaliya oo is-beddelaysa Tan iyo 2006 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4128-5390-3 |location=New Brunswick}} * {{Cite book |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= Ganacsiga u dhexeeya Boqortooyadii Roomaanka iyo Hindiya |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 81-215-0670-0 }} * {{Cite book |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |author-link1=Aristide Zolberg |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author-link3= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Ka Baxsiga Rabshadaha: Khilaafaadka iyo Qaxootiga Dalalka Horumarka |location= New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-19-505592-4 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Rosati |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=av8qvZ-0sHUC&pg=PA169 |title=Soosaarista Xoolaha iyo Sayniska Xoolaha Caalamka |last2=Tewolde |first2=A. |last3=Mosconi |first3=C. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Wageningen Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-8686-034-0 |series=WAAP buugga sanadka |location=Wageningen |page=169}} {{Refend}} ==Xusuusin== {{lang-so|Soomaaliya}} {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|l|i|ə|audio=Somalia pronunciation (English).wav}} '''Soomaali:''' Soomaaliya [soːmaːlija], qoraalka Osmanya: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; Carabi: الصومال, la turjumay: aṣ-Ṣūmāl '''Soomaali rasmi ah:''' Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Carabi: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية Xuduudka Jabuuti–Soomaaliya waxaa si sharci ah u maamula Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo si caalami ah loo aqoonsan yahay, laakiin dhab ahaan waxaa gacanta ku haya ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ "Qaramada Midoobay, Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada, Qaybta Dadweynaha (2022). Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/MostUsed/ |date=20220711213112 }} * [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] *[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay] *[https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=R0pyAAAAMAAJ&dq=Somali+arab+ties&pg=PA235 <nowiki>Buug-gacmeedka Aagga Soomaaliya: La-qorayaasha: Irving Kaplan [et al.] Cilmi-baadhis iyo qoraal ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 15, 1969</nowiki>] *[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo is-casilay iyadoo lagu jiro loolan dhanka awoodda ah"] *[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ Islaam qunyar socod ah ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} *[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Ciidamada Kenya oo la wareegay saldhigii Al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay oo sheegay in la furayo baarlamaanka cusub ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhiga ahaa"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=L2vXPfRsf04C Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=hCb6xzeydigC&q=somalia+stillbay+culture&pg=PA201 Dhaqamada Horyaala ee Geeska Afrika: Falanqaynta Casrigii Dhagaxa ee Dhaqanka iyo Cimilada ee Somaliland iyo Qaybaha Bari ee Xabashida] *[https://archive.org/stream/geographyofherod00whee/geographyofherod00whee_djvu.txt Juqraafiga Herodotus: Waxaa laga soo sawiray Cilmi-baadhisyo Casri ah iyo daahfurkii] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YUoNEQAAQBAJ&dq=isaaq+sultanate&pg=PA274 Dabeecadda Is-dilitaanka ee Waddamada Muslinka ah ee u badan: Cudurrada faafa, Waxyaabaha halista ah, iyo Ka-hortagga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020220/http://togdheernews.com/articles/31/05/2016/taariikhda-saldanada-reer-guuleed-ee-somaliland-abwaanibraahim-rashiid-cismaan-guure-aboor/ "Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210811205734/https://www.hubaalmedia.net/degmada-cusub-ee-dacarta-oo-loogu-wanqalay-munaasibad-kulmisay-madaxda-iyo-haldoorka-somaliland/ "Degmada Cusub Ee Dacarta Oo Loogu Wanqalay Munaasibad Kulmisay Madaxda Iyo Haldoorka Somaliland"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002022805/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/10/22/state-sponsored-violence-and-conflict-under-mahamed-siyad-barre-the-emergence-of-path-dependent-patterns-of-violence/ "Rabshadaha iyo colaadaha ay dowladdu soo qabanqaabisay ee Mahamed Siyaad Barre: soo ifbaxa qaabab rabshado ah oo ku tiirsan waddada"] *[https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604082615/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acb654.html "Somalia: Warbixin ku saabsan qabsashadii magaalada Beled Uen ee United Somali Congress (USC) ee dhamaadkii 1990 ama horraantii 1991 iyo dhibaatadii Daarood ee Beled Uen ee askarta USC"] *[https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar Cadan oo hoos imanaysa Gumaysiga Ingiriiska, 1839–1967] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022175949/http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Soomaaliya waxay horay ugu socotaa ciyaaraha Taekwondo-ga aduunka"] *[http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Guul weyn Malta ee K1 Kickboxing"] *[http://www.cid.harvard.edu/neudc07/docs/neudc07_s1_p02_ahuja.pdf Gudniinka Labka ah iyo AIDS-ka: Saamaynta Dhaqaale-dhaqaale ee Dhibaatada Caafimaadka ee Eric Werker, Amrita Ahuja, iyo Brian Wendell :: NEUDC 2007 Waraaqaha :: Shirarka Horumarinta Jaamacadaha Waqooyi Bari"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131006071502/http://www.ameinfo.com/176786.html "Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Maal-gashiga Lootah ayaa kala saxiixday heshiisyo istiraatijiyadeed oo ku kacaya 170-Dhs] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130928150305/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Hagaha Doorashada Puntland 2009"] *[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Iyadoo dhibaatada Soomaaliya ay sii kordhayso, ayay khubaradu u arkaan in ay meesha ka maqan tahay gargaarka"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002414/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6410 "Beesha Caalamka Oo Soo Dhaweysay Madaxweynaha Cusub Ee Maamulka Kumeel Gaarka Ah Ee Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya"] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7802622.stm "Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya oo xilka ka dagay"] *[http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Furitaanka Doodda Shirka Sannadlaha ah ee Sannadlaha, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ku booriyay Dawladaha xubnaha ka ah inay saxafada u sheegaan wax ka qabashada faqriga, argagixisanimada, xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha, colaadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJR3RAAACAAJ Dhaxalkii Gumeysiga ee Soomaaliya: Rome iyo Muqdisho: Laga soo bilaabo Maamulkii Gumeysiga ilaa Howlgalkii Rajada soo celinta] *[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120810180135/http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Soomaaliya oo kor u kacaysa labaatan sano oo dagaal sokeeye iyo qalalaase ka socday"] * ​[https://www.ponarseurasia.org/de-facto-states-unbound/ "Mylonas, Harris. 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Garowe Online"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USCIRF,,,4a4f272bc,0.html "USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia"] * [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml "Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009. Garowe Online"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Guide_to_Puntland_Election_2009_printer.shtml |date=20130928150305 }} [http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/ga10386.html "Opening Annual General Assembly Debate. UNIS Vienna (2005)"] [http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/22/un-boss-urges-support-for-somalia-ahead-of-istanbul-summit/ "Kamaal. UN boss urges support for Somalia. Horseed Media"] [http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 "Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi. Kenya High Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://kenyahighcomtz.org/?action=event-read-more.html&id=1 |date=20120816100759 }} * [http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html "Analysis of EUCAP Nestor by the Global Governance Institute"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.globalgovernance.eu/index.php/p-s-publications/246-new-analysis-the-somali-crisis-and-the-eu-3.html |date=20130402205646 }} [https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief. World Bank"] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html "Somalia. The World Factbook (2009)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html "Coastline. The World Factbook"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html |date=20170716042040 }} * [http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm "Somalia – Climate. Country Studies"] [http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/113 "Fatima Jibrell. Goldman Environmental Prize"] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/20/world/africa/20somalia.html "Jeffrey Gettleman. As Somali Crisis Swells, Experts See a Void in Aid. The New York Times"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8318798.stm "Islamists break Somali port truce. BBC News"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/28/kenyan-soldiers-capture-kismayo-somalia "Clar Ni Chonghaile. Kenyan troops launch beach assault on Somali city of Kismayo. The Guardian"] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html "Muddassar Ahmed. Somalia rising after two decades of civil war and unrest. Al Arabiya"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/views/2012/08/08/231008.html |date=20120809223608 }} * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece "Jonathan Clayton. Somalia's secret dumps of toxic waste. The Times"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article418665.ece |date=20110810033244 }} *[http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Monetary policy"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somalbanca.org/monetary-policy.html |date=20090125062011 }} * [http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html "Central Bank of Somalia – Payment system"] {{Wayback|url=http://somalbanca.org/payment-system.html |date=20090122232449 }} * [http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf "UK Somali Remittances Survey"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diaspora-centre.org/DOCS/UK_Somali_Remittan.pdf |date=20201109191722 }} * [http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 "Decades of community service recognised with award - Tower Hamlets Recorder"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511205333/http://www.threcorder.co.uk/content/towerhamlets/recorder/news/story.aspx?brand=REConline&category=newsTowerHam&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newstower&itemid=WeED13%20Apr%202010%2010%3A02%3A08%3A730 |date=20110511205333 }} * [http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ "The curious tale of the world-beating Somali shilling - Financial Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815142257/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2014/03/20/the-curious-tale-of-the-world-beating-somali-shilling/ |date=20170815142257 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 "Diplomat to start Somalia's first stock market - Reuters"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100728/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/08/kenya-somalia-investment-idUSL6E8J8D1J20120808 |date=20150930100728 }} * [http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php "Mission & Vision - Somali Energy Company"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522182434/http://www.somenergy.com/Mission-Vision.php |date=20230522182434 }} * [http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf "UNCTAD: Somalia Investment Data"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075656/http://unctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_so_en.pdf |date=20160306075656 }} * [http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ "Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917005212/http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ |date=20070917005212 }} * [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM "OPEC: World proven crude oil reserves by country"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905210305/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/current/FileZ/XL/T31.HTM |date=20130905210305 }} * [http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia "Soma Oil & Gas May Invest $20 Million to Survey Somalia - Bloomberg"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825065126/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-08-08/soma-oil-and-gas-may-invest-20-million-to-survey-war-torn-somalia |date=20130825065126 }} * [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 "Big Uranium Find Announced in Somalia - The New York Times"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709212617/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hbVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=7276,235261 |date=20200709212617 }} * [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "International Uranium Resources Evaluation Project (IUREP) - Somalia Report"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119113709/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf |date=20200119113709 }} * [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Long Forgotten Uranium Bonanza Rediscovered - MarketWatch"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211900/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 |date=20140517211900 }} * [https://www.reuters.com/article/world/somalia-business-keen-to-join-forces-for-peace-idUSTRE64M158/ "Somalia business keen to join forces for peace - Reuters"] * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 "Telecom Firms Thrive in Somalia Despite War - The Wall Street Journal"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718221707/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704608104575220570113266984 |date=20170718221707 }} * [http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 "Radio and electronic media edge out newspapers in Somalia - Sabahi"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213045204/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2012/12/11/feature-01 |date=20121213045204 }} * [http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry - Official .so Domain"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ |date=20141031021901 }} * [http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ "International mail services officially resume in Somalia - UPU"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109172506/http://news.upu.int/no_cache/nd/international-mail-services-officially-resume-in-somalia/ |date=20131109172506 }} * 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Advisory: Somalia - Travel.State.Gov"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311235850/https://travelmaps.state.gov/TSGMap/?extent=32.829980986%2C-1.783760626%2C59.54518237%2C12.077308381 |date=20200311235850 }} * [http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ "Somalia to revive national airline after 21 years - Laanta"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102150005/http://laanta.net/2012/07/24/somalia-to-revive-national-airline-after-21-years/ |date=20141102150005 }} * [http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ "The long awaited Somali Airlines is Coming Back! - Keydmedia Online"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231315/http://www.keydmedia.net/en/news/article/the_long_awaited_somali_airlines_is_coming_back/ |date=20131202231315 }} * [https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO "World Bank Open Data: Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130043543/https://data.worldbank.org/country/SO |date=20231130043543 }} * [https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf "UNFPA: Population Estimation Survey of Somalia 2014"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf |date=20170804014649 }} * [http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html "The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191857/http://webdev.cal.org/development/co/bantu/sbpeop.html |date=20140416191857 }} * [http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf "The Global Religious Landscape - Pew Research Center"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |date=20130806002044 }} * 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[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia "Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia |date=20211112230316 }} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|pp=170–1}} * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|p=109}} * [https://ethnomed.org/resource/report-on-somali-diet/ "Report on Somali Diet"] * [https://hooyoshouse.medium.com/exploring-the-aromatic-world-of-traditional-somali-spice-blends-3ab93879b74e "Exploring the Aromatic World of Traditional Somali Spice Blends"] * [https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh "Yemenite Lahoh (Lachoch)"] * {{Harvnb|Diriye Abdullahi|2001|page=113}} * [http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 "Somali Anjero (Canjeero) Anjero Somali | Xawaash.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=1548 |date=20231004063819 }} * [http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/000000007780223669 "Role of Camels ( Camelus Dromedarius ) in the Traditional Lifestyle of Somali Pastoralists in Northern Kenya"] * [http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 "Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي"] {{Wayback|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892 |date=20230923064942 }} * [https://www.saveur.com/how-lasagna-landed-africa/ "How Lasagna Landed in Africa"] * [https://www.vice.com/en/article/spaghetti-and-bananas-is-somali-comfort-food/ "Spaghetti and Bananas Is Somali Comfort Food"] * [https://www.cafedirect.co.uk/shop/the-history-of-coffee/ "The History of Coffee"] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=cscbDgqCsOMC&q=harar "Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967"] * [https://www.mysomalifood.com/qahwe/ "Qahwe"] * [https://archive-stories.com/Halwa-Mahyawa-and-Multiple-Registers-of-Life-in-the-Gulf "Halwa, Mahyawa and Multiple Registers of Life in the Gulf"] * {{Cite book |last=Abdullahi |first=Mohammed |title=Culture and Customs of Somalia (Culture and Customs of Africa) |url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=2012 |isbn=9780313313332 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri/page/98 98]–99}} * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html "1981 African Championship for Men"] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/AFMSM/sid/2399/_/1981_African_Championship_for_Men/index.html |date=20090907182902 }} 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{{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iu6AAAAIAAJ |date=20160805112006 }} * {{cite book|last1=Suárez|first1=Jorge Alejandro|title=Geopolítica de lo Desconocido|isbn=979-8393720292|page=227}} * {{Harvnb|Laitin|1977|p=8}} * {{cite book|author=Abdisalam M. Issa-Salwe|title=The Collapse of the Somali State|year=1996|isbn=1-874209-91-X|pages=34–35}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 "Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991"] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBvfTmzsZ-0C&pg=PA84 |date=20230207231426 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade "Council on Foreign Relations - Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080323/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/Somaliland_Parade |date=20180509080323 }} * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html "Harvard-Educated Technocrat Chosen as Somalia Premier - NYT"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/world/africa/24somalia.html |date=20181128005934 }} * [[suspicious link removed] "Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia, US Warlordism & AU Shame"] * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213 "The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia's Al-Shabaab"] * {{Cite book |title=The Rule Is For None But Allah |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780197690390 |page=111}} * [[suspicious link removed] "The Production of Somali Conflict and the Role of Internal and External Actors"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/29/somali-president-resigns "Somali president resigns amid power struggle - The Guardian"] * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ "Moderate Islamist picked as Somali president - CNN"] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/01/31/somalia.election.president/ |date=20090202115625 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16979440 "Somalia's al-Shabab join al-Qaeda - BBC News"] * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 "Somalia conflict: Al-Shabab 'collects more revenue than government'"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54690561 |date=20220928121250 }} * [https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab "Al-Shabab - Council on Foreign Relations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab |date=20210202020617 }} * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 "Kenyan troops seize al-Shabaab base in Somalia - Anadolu Agency"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/kenyan-troops-seize-al-shabaab-base-in-somalia/455875 |date=20230930234435 }} * [http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm "Somalia's newly-endorsed constitution widely hailed"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012-08/02/c_131757152.htm |date=20131007224547 }} * [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ "Mogadishu: East Africa's newest business destination?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/mogadishu-east-africas-newest-business-destination/17661/ |date=20120627101741 }} * [https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html "LDCs at a Glance - United Nations"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html |date=20220329160054 }} * [http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ "Somalia moves forward at world Taekwondo"] {{Wayback|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2013/03/06/somalia-moves-forward-at-world-taekwondo-pictures/ |date=20131022175949 }} * [http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-10/others/great-victory-for-malta-in-k1-kickboxing-270164/ "Great Victory for Malta in K1 Kickboxing"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Library resources box}} * [https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SO Saadaasha Horumarka Muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya] laga helay [[International Futures]] === Dawladda === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so Albaabka rasmiga ah ee dowladda] – albaabka u furmaya bogagga dowladda * [https://villasomalia.gov.so/en Madaxtooyada] {{Wayback|url=https://villasomalia.gov.so/en |date=20250715221010 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha Soomaaliya * [https://opm.gov.so Ra’iisul Wasaaraha] – bogga rasmiga ah ee ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya * [https://senate.gov.so Aqalka Sare] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Aqalka Sare ee Soomaaliya * [http://www.parliament.gov.so Baarlamaanka] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya * [https://nbs.gov.so Xog-ururin] – bogga rasmiga ah ee Xafiiska Qaranka ee Xog-ururinta Soomaaliya === Taariikh === * [https://www.somalia.gov.so/about-somalia "Taariikh"] – Taariikhda Soomaaliya ee bogga Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya === Dalxiis === * [https://tourism.gov.so Waaxda Dalxiiska] {{Wayback|url=https://tourism.gov.so/ |date=20230506225038 }} – bogga rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Dalxiiska, Wasaaradda Warfaafinta, Dhaqanka & Dalxiiska === Khariidado === * {{Wikiatlas}} * {{Osmrelation-inline|192799}} {{Navboxes |list = {{Midowga Afrika}} }} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Subject bar|Soomaaliya|Afrika|Dalalka|auto=yes|voy=Soomaaliya}} {{Authority control}} {{Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} <!-- ugu hooseeya per [[WP:SUBCAT]] - hoosaadka dalalka ee hoostaga qaybaha gobolka --> [[Category:Wadamada Afrika]] s0n5mesxc58ftyxzswixx7twyx6cdp6 Dagaalka suudaan 0 40348 312208 275857 2026-11-11T00:24:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312208 wikitext text/x-wiki '<nowiki/>''Dagaalka Sokeeye ee Suudaan 2023 illaa hada:''''''Bold text''' {{Infobox military conflict|conflict=War in Sudan<!-- Do not change the name without a successful move request. Current consensus is to use "War in Sudan." -->|partof=the [[Sudanese Civil War (disambiguation)|Sudanese Civil War]]s and the [[Coup Belt]]|width=315px|image=War in Sudan (2023).svg|image_size=300px|alt=Khariidada Suudaan, oo muujinaysa in RSF ay ku xooggan tahay galbeedka dalka, SAF-na ay ku xooggan tahay bariga, dhexdana ay u qaybsan tahay labada dhinac.|caption=Xaaladda milatari ee 8-da Maarso 2024. {{leftlegend|#FFCCCC|Waxaa heesto [[Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan]]iyo xulufadooda }} {{leftlegend|#008080|Waxaa heesto [[Ciidamada Taageerada Degdegga ah (RSF)]]}} {{leftlegend|#E3D975|Waxaa heestoy [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Dadka Suudaan – Waqooyi (SPLM-N)(al-Hilu)|SPLM-N (al-Hilu)]]}} {{leftlegend|#800033|Waxaa heesto [[SLM (al-Nuur)]]}} ([[Template:Khariidadda faahfaahsan ee dagaalka Suudaan 2023|Detailed map]]) ([[List of engagements during the war in Sudan (2023–present)|Engagements]])|date=[[Battle of Khartoum (2023-present)|15 April 2023]] – present <br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=15|year1=2023}})|place=[[Sudan]]|coordinates=<!--Use the {{coord}} template -->|map_type=|map_relief=|map_size=|map_marksize=|map_caption=|map_label=|territory=* Rapid Support Forces occupy most of [[Darfur]] and [[Gezira State]], and parts of [[Khartoum State]], [[White Nile State|White Nile]], [[Sennar State|Sennar]], [[Al Qadarif State|Al Qadarif]], [[North Kordofan|North]] and [[West Kordofan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linge |first=Thomas van |date=2 November 2023 |title=Map of the Areas of Control in Sudan |url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-of-the-areas-of-control-in-sudan |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Sudan War Monitor |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110051648/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/map-of-the-areas-of-control-in-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sudan war: RSF enters White Nile state and Sennar |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-rsf-enters-white-nile-state-and-sennar |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |date=22 December 2023 |access-date=28 December 2023 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228152503/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-war-rsf-enters-white-nile-state-and-sennar |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RSF enter Gedaref State for the first time |url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-enter-gedaref-state-for-the-first |website=Sudan War Monitor |language=en |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209004931/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-enter-gedaref-state-for-the-first |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North#SPLM-N (al-Hilu)|SPLM-N (al-Hilu)]] occupies parts of [[South Kordofan]] and [[Blue Nile State]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jamestown.org/program/the-third-front-sudans-armed-rebel-movements-join-the-war-between-the-generals/|last=McGregor|first=Andrew|date=8 August 2023|title=The Third Front: Sudan's Armed Rebel Movements Join the War Between the Generals|access-date=24 September 2023|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006203115/https://jamestown.org/program/the-third-front-sudans-armed-rebel-movements-join-the-war-between-the-generals/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://acleddata.com/2023/07/21/sudan-situation-update-july-2023-the-saf-faces-setbacks-as-armed-groups-overtake-territory-across-the-country/|last=Ali|first=Mahmoud|date=21 July 2023|title=Situation Update July 2023 Sudan: The SAF Faces Setbacks as Armed Groups Overtake Territory Across the Country 21 July 2023|access-date=25 September 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002125705/https://acleddata.com/2023/07/21/sudan-situation-update-july-2023-the-saf-faces-setbacks-as-armed-groups-overtake-territory-across-the-country/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://acleddata.com/2023/08/11/sudan-situation-update-august-2023-heightened-violence-in-kordofan-region-as-more-militia-groups-step-into-the-conflict/|last=Ali|first=Mahmoud|date=11 August 2023|title=Sudan: Heightened Violence in Kordofan Region as More Militia Groups Step Into the Conflict|access-date=26 September 2023|archive-date=6 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006202642/https://acleddata.com/2023/08/11/sudan-situation-update-august-2023-heightened-violence-in-kordofan-region-as-more-militia-groups-step-into-the-conflict/|url-status=live}}</ref>|result=Ongoing|status=[[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]]|combatants_header=Belligerents|combatant1={{flagicon|Sudan}} '''[[Government of Sudan]]'''<br> {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Sudanese Armed Forces]]<br/> {{Br separated entries | {{Flagicon image|Emblem of the Popular Defence Force.svg}} [[Popular Defence Forces]]<ref name=NubaClashes>{{cite web|url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/splm-n-and-popular-defense-forces|title=SPLM-N and Popular Defense Forces field commanders meet in South Kordofan|website=Sudan War Monitor|date=14 October 2023|accessdate=5 January 2024|archive-date=5 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105082211/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/splm-n-and-popular-defense-forces|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{Flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg}} [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North#SPLM-N (Agar)|SPLM-N (Agar)]]<ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2023 |title=Malik Agar reveals government-proposed roadmap to end Sudan's war |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275848/ |access-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230905000623/https://sudantribune.com/article275848/ |archive-date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army#Sudan Liberation Movement (Tambour)|SLM (Tambour)]] (since August 2023)<ref name="SLM">{{Cite news |date=1 August 2023 |title=SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275601/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230905001443/https://sudantribune.com/article275601/ |archive-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> | [[File:JEM Logo June 2013.jpg|22px]] [[Justice and Equality Movement|JEM]] (since November 2023)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67450204 |title=Sudan civil war: Darfur's Jem rebels join army fight against RSF |date=17 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117163046/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67450204 |url-status=live }}</ref> | [[File:Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|22px]] [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army#Sudan Liberation Movement (Minnawi)|SLM (Minnawi)]] (since November 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sudantribune.com/article279446/ |title=Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118234229/https://sudantribune.com/article279446/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br/> {{Collapsible list | framestyle=border:none; padding:0; | title = State support | {{Flag|Egypt}} |(until August 2023)<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan's RSF says it's ready to cooperate over Egyptian troops |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415161133/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops |title=Sudan's paramilitary shares video they claim shows 'surrendered' Egyptian troops |date=15 April 2023 |work=al-Arabiya |language=en|access-date=15 April 2023|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415192027/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Egyptian withdrawal from Sudan |url=https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230829_ACAPS_thematic_report_Sudan_Northern_State_pre-crisis_and_current_situation.pdf |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213141947/https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20230829_ACAPS_thematic_report_Sudan_Northern_State_pre-crisis_and_current_situation.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{flag|Iran}}<ref name=TimeKholood>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6342732/sudan-burhan-hemedti-descent-warlordism/|title=Sudan's Dangerous Descent Into Warlordism|magazine=Time|last1=Khair|first1=Kholood|last2=Akam|first2=Asmahan|date=7 December 2023|accessdate=9 December 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209052018/https://time.com/6342732/sudan-burhan-hemedti-descent-warlordism/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flag|Niger}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Niger willing to collaborate with Sudan to retrieve items plundered by mercenaries |url=https://sudantribune.com/article277694/ |website=Sudan Tribune |date=27 September 2023 |access-date=24 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428165042/https://sudantribune.com/article277694/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref name=TimeKholood/> | {{flag|Turkey}}<ref name=TimeKholood/> | {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Exclusive: Ukraine's special services 'likely' behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |last1=Butenko|first1=Butenko|display-authors=et al|website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011090624/https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | | '''Non-state support''' | {{flagdeco|Central African Republic}} [[Coalition of Patriots for Change]]<ref name=CAR/> }} }}|combatant2={{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Rapid Support Forces]]<br/> {{Br separated entries | [[Tamazuj]] (since August 2023)<br/> {{Collapsible list | framestyle=border:none; padding:0; | title = State support | {{flag|Central African Republic}}<ref name=CAR/> | {{flag|Chad}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sudantribune.com/article279446/|title=Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces|website=Sudan Tribune|date=17 November 2023|accessdate=17 November 2023|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118234229/https://sudantribune.com/article279446/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=TalkingPeace/><ref name="eco">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-23 |title=Will Chad be the next Western ally in Africa to fail? |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/11/23/will-chad-be-the-next-western-ally-in-africa-to-fall |access-date=2024-03-15 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315151940/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/11/23/will-chad-be-the-next-western-ally-in-africa-to-fall |url-status=live }}</ref>(Officially denied<ref name="eco"/>) | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name=TalkingPeace>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/world/africa/sudan-war-united-arab-emirates-chad.html | title=Talking Peace in Sudan, the U.A.E. Secretly Fuels the Fight | work=The New York Times | date=29 September 2023 | last1=Walsh | first1=Declan | last2=Koettl | first2=Christoph | last3=Schmitt | first3=Eric | access-date=30 September 2023 | archive-date=29 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929071026/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/world/africa/sudan-war-united-arab-emirates-chad.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="eco"/> (Officially denied<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudans-rsf-paramilitary-report | title=UAE denies sending weapons to Sudan's RSF: Report | access-date=19 March 2024 | archive-date=19 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319041242/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2024/1/24/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudans-rsf-paramilitary-report | url-status=live }}</ref>) | | '''Non-state support''' | {{flagicon image|Flag of The Libyan National Army (Variant).svg}} [[Libyan National Army]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |date=15 April 2023 |work=al-Arabiya |language=en |access-date=15 April 2023 |title=Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419190701/https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{flagicon image|PMC Wagner Center logo.png}} [[Wagner Group]]<ref name="Wagner">{{cite news |last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |last2=Mezzofiore |first2=Gianluca |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |title=Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |publisher=CNN |date=20 April 2023 |quote=The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420194129/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CAR>{{cite web|url=https://adf-magazine.com/2023/05/sudans-connections-with-car-chad-could-cause-conflict-to-spread/|title=Sudan's Connections With CAR, Chad Could Cause Conflict To Spread|website=Africa Defence Forum|date=30 May 2023|accessdate=3 January 2024|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005147/https://adf-magazine.com/2023/05/sudans-connections-with-car-chad-could-cause-conflict-to-spread/|url-status=live}}</ref> | | '''Alleged state support''' | {{flag|Djibouti}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Anonymous Sudan hacks IGAD countries over alleged RSF support |url=https://sudantribune.com/article282046/ |website=Sudan Tribune |date=7 February 2024 |access-date=24 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428165049/https://sudantribune.com/article282046/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{flag|Ethiopia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-rsf-leader-visits-ethiopia-first-public-wartime-tour-2023-12-28/|title=Sudan RSF leader visits Ethiopia in first public wartime tour|website=Reuters|last1=Endeshaw|first1=Dawit|last2=Awadalla|first2=Nadine|last3=Holland|first3=Hereward|last4=Lewis|first4=Aidan|date=28 December 2023|accessdate=23 January 2023}}</ref> | {{flag|Kenya}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-general-warns-kenya-against-sending-peacekeepers-2023-07-24/|title=Sudanese general warns Kenya against sending peacekeepers|website=Reuters|date=24 July 2023|accessdate=17 December 2023|last1=Eltahir|first1=Nafisa|last2=Holland|first2=Hereward|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013030251/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-general-warns-kenya-against-sending-peacekeepers-2023-07-24/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flag|Russia}}<ref name=Russia>{{cite web|url=https://hrf.org/russias-influence-in-sudan/|title=Russia's Influence in Sudan|website=Human Rights Foundation|last1=Hashi|first1=Huda|last2=Keita|first2=Mohamed|date=11 August 2023|access-date=31 December 2023|archive-date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231183404/https://hrf.org/russias-influence-in-sudan/|url-status=live}}</ref> | {{flag|South Sudan}}<ref>{{cite web |title=South Sudan denies smuggled Fuel to Sudan's paramilitary forces |url=https://sudantribune.com/article281564/ |website=Sudan Tribune |date=22 January 2024 |access-date=24 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428165104/https://sudantribune.com/article281564/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{flag|Uganda}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-rsf-leader-visits-uganda-first-known-wartime-foreign-trip-2023-12-27/|title=Sudan RSF leader visits Uganda in first known wartime foreign trip|website=Reuters|last1=El Taher|first1=Nafisa|last2=Paravicini|first2=Giulia|last3=Ehab|first3=Yomna|last4=El Safty|first4=Sarah|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 December 2023}}</ref> }} }}|combatant3={{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North#SPLM-N (al-Hilu)|SPLM-N (al-Hilu)]]<ref name="SPLMN"/><ref name=4killed>{{cite web|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-killed-and-village-destroyed-as-rsf-attacks-splm-n-base-in-south-kordofan|title=Four killed and village destroyed as RSF attacks SPLM-N base in South Kordofan|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|date=6 December 2023|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180904/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-killed-and-village-destroyed-as-rsf-attacks-splm-n-base-in-south-kordofan|url-status=live}}</ref> (since June 2023) ---- {{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[SLM (al-Nur)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sudantribune.com/article279993/|title=SLM-Abdel Wahid forces seize RSF camp in South Darfur|date=3 December 2023|website=Sudan Tribune|access-date=26 December 2023|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204095110/https://sudantribune.com/article279993/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br /> {{flagicon image|Sudanese Communist Party flag.png|border=}} [[Sudanese Communist Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-communist-party-and-slm-aw-sign-agreement-in-juba|title=Sudan Communist Party and SLM-AW sign agreement in Juba|website=Radio Dabanga|date=29 January 2024|accessdate=3 February 2024|archive-date=3 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203093611/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-communist-party-and-slm-aw-sign-agreement-in-juba|url-status=live}}</ref>|commander1={{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]]<br> {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Yasser al-Atta]]<br>{{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Shams al-Din Khabbashi]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Malik Agar]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Mustafa Tambour]]<br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Minni Minnawi]] [[File:JEM Logo June 2013.jpg|22px]] [[Gibril Ibrahim]]<ref name=WarMonitor1711>{{cite web|url=https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-we-renounce-our|title=Darfur movements: "We renounce our neutrality"|website=Sudan War Monitor|date=17 November 2023|accessdate=17 November 2023|archive-date=16 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116235659/https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/darfur-movements-we-renounce-our|url-status=live}}</ref>|commander2={{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Hemedti]]<br>{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Abdelrahim Dagalo]]<br>{{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Abdel Rahman Jumma]]|commander3={{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]]<ref name="SPLMN"/> ---- {{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Abdul Wahid al-Nur]] {{flagicon image|Sudanese Communist Party flag.png|border=}} [[Muhammad Mukhtar al-Khatib]]|units1=|units2=|units3=|strength1=110,000–120,000<ref name=DW/>|strength2=70,000–150,000<ref name=DW>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Sudan: Stalemates rule out one-man victory |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902 |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419193223/https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902#:~:text=%22The%20range%20of%20the%20RSF,duty%20personnel%2C%22%20she%20added. }}</ref>|strength3=Unknown|casualties4=<!-- DON'T FORGET TO UPDATE THE NUMBERS IN THE BODY ESP CASUALTIES AND REFUGEES CHAPTERS--><!-- CASUALTIES -->13,000<ref name="TRTCAS"/>–15,000 killed and 33,000 injured<ref name="aa12"/><br/>6,552,118 internally displaced<ref name="africa7.1">{{cite web |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-monthly-displacement-overview-march-2024 |title=DTM Sudan - Monthly Displacement Overview (March 2024) |date=28 March 2024 |website=[[reliefweb]] |access-date=28 March 2024 }}</ref><br/>2,019,027 refugees<br/>|notes=|campaignbox={{Campaignbox Dagaalka Suudaan)}} {{Campaignbox Khilaafaadka gudaha ee Suudaan}}}} Dagaal sokeeye oo u dhexeeya laba garab oo ka tirsan dowladda milateriga ee Suudaan, Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan (SAF) oo uu hoggaamiyo Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, iyo Ciidamada Taageerada Degdegga ah (RSF) oo uu hoggaamiyo hoggaamiyaha Janjaweed, Hemedti, ayaa bilaabmay bishii Ramadan 15ka April 2023. Dagaalka ayaa xooggiisu ka socday caasimadda Khartoum iyo gobolka Darfur. Ilaa 21 Janaayo 2024, ugu yaraan 13,000 ilaa 15,000 qof ayaa la dilay, 33,000 kalena waa la dhaawacay. Ilaa 21 Maarso, in ka badan 6.5 milyan ayaa gudaha dalka ku barakacay, in ka badan laba milyan oo kalena dalka way ka qaxeen iyagoo qaxooti noqday, dad badan oo rayid ah oo ku nool Darfur ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo waramay inay ku dhinteen xasuuqii Masalit ee 2023. Dagaalka ayaa ku bilowday weeraro ay RSF ku qaadeen goobaha dowladda iyadoo weeraro cirka ah, madaafiic, iyo rasaas la soo sheegay inay ka dhaceen guud ahaan Suudaan. Magaalooyinka Khartoum iyo Omdurman ayaa u kala qeybsamay labada dhinac ee dagaallamaya, iyadoo al-Burhan uu dowladdiisa u wareejiyay Port Sudan markii ciidamada RSF ay qabsadeen inta badan dhismayaasha dowladda ee Khartoum. Isku dayo ay sameeyeen awoodo caalami ah si ay ugu heshiiyaan xabbad-joojin ayaa ku dhammaaday Heshiiskii Jeddah, kaasoo aan joojin dagaalka waana la iska tuuray maadaama uu noqday mid aan waxtar lahayn. Bilooyinkii xigay, xaalad cakiran ayaa timid, iyadoo labada dhinac ay markaa ku biireen kooxo fallaago ah oo horey uga soo horjeeday dowladda Suudaan. Bishii Nofeembar, qeybaha Minni Minnawi iyo Mustafa Tambour ee Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoraynta Suudaan ayaa si rasmi ah ugu biiray dagaalka iyagoo taageeraya SAF, iyadoo ay weheliyaan Dhaqdhaqaaqa Cadaaladda iyo Sinnaanta (JEM). Dhinaca kale, dhaqdhaqaaqa Tamazuj ayaa ku biiray ciidamada RSF, halka qeybta Abdelaziz al-Hilu ee Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoraynta Dadka Suudaan–Waqooyi ay weerareen goobaha SAF ee koonfurta dalka. Laga bilaabo Oktoobar 2023, dardarta ayaa u janjeertay dhinaca RSF, iyadoo ciidamada gaarka ah ay ka adkaadeen ciidamada milateriga ee Darfur waxayna horumar ka sameeyeen Khartoum State, Kordofan, iyo Gobolka Gezira. Tan iyo Febraayo 2024, SAF ayaa horumar ka sameeyay Omdurman qeyb ka ah weerarka Omdurman 2024. Wadahadalladii dambe ee u dhexeeyay dhinacyada dagaallamaya ilaa iyo hadda ma soo saarin natiijooyin wax ku ool ah, iyadoo dalal badan ay taageero milateri ama siyaasadeed siinayeen al-Burhan ama Hemedti. '''April-Maajo 2023 Dagaalka Khartoum Maqaalka ugu muhiimsan: Dagaalka Khartoum (2023-ilaa hadda)''' 15-kii Abriil 2023, ciidamada RSF waxay weerareen saldhigyada SAF ee ku baahsan Suudaan, oo ay ku jiraan Khartoum iyo garoonkeeda diyaaradaha. Waxaa iska hor imaad ka dhacay xarunta telefishinka dowladda, Sudan TV, taas oo markii dambe ay qabsadeen ciidamada RSF. Buundooyinka iyo waddooyinka Khartoum waa la xiray, RSF-na waxay sheegteen in dhammaan waddooyinka u socda koonfurta Khartoum la xiray. Maalinta xigta waxaa dhacay weerar rogaal celis ah oo ka yimid SAF, iyagoo dib u qabsaday garoonka diyaaradaha Merowe iyo xarumaha Sudan TV iyo raadiyaha dowladda. Hay'adda Duulista Rayidka ee Suudaan ayaa xirtay hawada dalka markii uu dagaalku bilaabmay. Shirkadda isgaarsiinta MTN waxay xirtay adeegyada internetka, 23-kii Abriilna waxaa jiray go'doomin internet oo ku baahsan Suudaan. Taas waxaa loo aanaynayaa yaraanta korontada oo ay sababeen weerarada lagu qaaday shabakadda korontada. Ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee Suudaan ayaa burburay, iyadoo Maersk, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha maraakiibta ugu weyn adduunka, ay ku dhawaaqday inay joojinayso dhoofinta cusub ee dalka. Iyadoo al-Burhan ku xayiran yahay Khartoum, ku xigeenkiisii Malik Agar ayaa noqday hoggaamiyaha dhabta ah ee dowladda Suudaan. Hemedti wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa inay qabtaan ama dilaan al-Burhan, ciidamada RSF-na waxay ku lug yeesheen dagaal qaraar iyo dhiig badan oo dhex maray Ilaalada Jamhuuriga. Ugu dambayntii al-Burhan wuu ka baxsaday in la qabto ama la dilo, laakiin saldhiggiisa Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan waxaa go'doomin ku sameeyay RSF, taas oo ka dhigtay inuusan awoodin inuu ka baxo Khartoum. Wareysi uu siiyay Al Jazeera, Hemedti wuxuu ku eedeeyay al-Burhan iyo saraakiishiisa inay RSF ku qasbeen inay dagaalka bilaabaan iyagoo maleegaya inay xukunka ku soo celiyaan hoggaamiyihii xilka laga qaaday Omar al-Bashir. Wuxuu ugu baaqay beesha caalamka inay soo farageliyaan al-Burhan, isagoo sheegay in RSF ay la dagaallamayso mintidiin Islaami ah oo xagjir ah. Maalmihii ugu horreeyay ee dagaalka kadib, SAF waxay keeneen gurmad ciidan oo ka yimid xuduudda Itoobiya. In kasta oo xabad-joojin loogu dhawaaqay Ciidul Fitriga, haddana dagaalku wuu sii socday dalka oo dhan. Dagaalka waxaa si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay inuu aad u kululaa waddada isku xirta Khartoum iyo Port Sudan iyo aagga warshadaha ee al-Bagair. Isku dhacyo qowmiyadeed ayaa laga soo sheegay gobolka Blue Nile iyo Geneina. '''Dhaawacyo''' Macluumaad dheeraad ah: Dembiyada dagaalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalka Sudan (2023–ila hadda) Laga bilaabo Maarso 2024, ugu yaraan 14,000 ilaa 15,000 qof ayaa la dilay, 33,000 kalena waa la dhaawacay sida ay sheegtay Qaramada Midoobay. Suldaanada Dar Masalit waxay ku andacootay 20-ka Juun in ka badan 5,000 qof lagu dilay 8,000 kalena lagu dhaawacay dagaallada Galbeedka Darfur keliya, halka hoggaamiye qabiil Masalit uu u sheegay wakaaladda wararka Sudan ee Ayin Network 22-kii Luulyo in ka badan 10,000 qof lagu dilay gobolkaas. 12-kii Juun, Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Sudan wuxuu sheegay in ugu yaraan 959 rayid ah la dilay 4,750 kalena la dhaawacay. 15-kii Ogosto, Qaramada Midoobay waxay sheegtay in ugu yaraan 435 carruur ah lagu dilay colaadda. Dhakhaatiirta goobta jooga ayaa ka digay in tirada la sheegay aysan ku jirin dhammaan dhaawacyada maadaama dadku aysan gaari karin isbitaalada sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqa. Afhayeen u hadlay Laanqayrta Cas ee Suudaan ayaa la soo xigtay isagoo leh tirada dhaawacyadu "ma yara". Xeer ilaaliyeyaasha Suudaan ayaa diiwaangeliyay in ka badan 500 kiis oo dad la la'yahay ah oo dalka oo dhan ah, kuwaas oo qaarkood ah afduubyo qasab ah, inta badanna waxaa lagu eedeeyay RSF. '''Darfur''' Geneina, Galbeedka Darfur, isku dhacyo qowmiyadeed oo bilaabmay usbuucii ugu dambeeyay Abriil ayaa dilay ugu yaraan 1,100 qof, halka Suldaanada Dar Masalit ay sheegtay in ka badan 5,000 qof lagu dilay magaalada qiyaastii 8,000 kalena lagu dhaawacay. Bishii Luulyo, hoggaamiye qabiil Masalit ayaa sheegay in ka badan 10,000 qof lagu dilay Galbeedka Darfur keligiis, isla markaana 80% dadka degan Geneina ay ka qaxeen. Xasuuqyo ayaa laga diiwaangeliyay magaalooyin sida Tawila iyo Misterei, halka xabaal wadareed laga helay Geneina oo ay ku jiraan maydadka 87 qof oo lagu dilay isku dhacyada. Dhowr aqoonyahanno, siyaasiyiin, xirfadlayaal iyo sharafta ayaa la khaarajiyay. Inta badan xasuuqan waxaa lagu eedeeyay RSF iyo maleeshiyaadka Carabta ee xulafada la ah. Dowladda UK, markhaatiyaasha iyo kuwo kale oo indha-indheeyayaal ah ayaa rabshadaha gobolka ku tilmaamay inay la mid yihiin isir sifayn ama xitaa xasuuq, iyadoo kooxaha aan Carabta ahayn sida Masalit ay yihiin dhibbanayaasha ugu waaweyn. Mujeebelrahman Yagoub, oo ah Kaaliyaha Guddoomiyaha Qaxootiga ee Galbeedka Darfur, ayaa sheegay in rabshaduhu ka xun yihiin Dagaalkii Darfur ee 2003 iyo xasuuqii Rwanda ee 1994. '''Rabshadaha galmada''' Maqaalka ugu muhiimsan: Dembiyada dagaalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalka Sudan (2023–ila hadda) § Rabshadaha galmada Bishii Luulyo, mas'uuliyiintu waxay soo sheegeen ugu yaraan 88 kiis oo kufsi ah oo ka dhacay dalka oo dhan, badankoodna waxaa lagu eedeeyay RSF. Hay'adaha aan dowliga ahayn waxay ku qiyaaseen in tiradaas ay gaari karto 4,400. Aktifistada Hala al-Karib waxay sheegtay in kufsiga dagaalka uu noqday dhacdo maalinle ah iyadoo labada dhinacba ay ka qayb qaadanayaan. Sanadka 2024, Al Jazeera waxay soo warisay in haweenka Suudaaniyiinta ah lagu qasbay inay galmo ku beddelaan cunto ama ay noqdaan naagaha RSF si ay u hubiyaan badbaadada qoysaskooda iyo helitaanka cunto. '''Dhaawacyada shaqaalaha bani'aadamnimada''' Dagaalkii Kabkabiya, saddex shaqaale oo ka tirsan Barnaamijka Cuntada Adduunka (WFP) ayaa lagu dilay kadib markii lagu qabtay iska horimaad ka dhacay saldhig millatari. Laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaale ah ayaa dhaawacmay. 18-kii Abriil, sarkaalka ugu sarreeya gargaarka bani'aadamnimada ee Midowga Yurub ee Sudan, Wim Fransen oo u dhashay Belgium, ayaa lagu toogtay oo lagu dhaawacay Khartoum. 21-kii Abriil, Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Socdaalka (IOM) waxay ku warantay in mid ka mid ah shaqaalaheeda maxalliga ah lagu dilay iska horimaad xilli uu la safrayay qoyskiisa meel u dhow El-Obeid. 20-kii Luulyo, koox 18 xubnood ka kooban oo ka tirsan Médecins Sans Frontières ayaa la weeraray iyagoo agab u wada Isbitaalka Turkiga ee koonfurta Khartoum. Ilaa markaas, Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka waxay xaqiijisay 51 weerar oo lagu qaaday xarumaha caafimaadka iyo shaqaalaha tan iyo bilowgii colaadda, taasoo keentay 10 dhimasho iyo 24 dhaawac. 25-kii Luulyo, Isuduwaha Bani'aadamnimada Clementine Nkweta-Salami wuxuu sheegay in 18 shaqaale gargaar ah la dilay in ka badan labaatan kalena la xiray ama aan la helin. Colaaddu waxay keentay in Qaramada Midoobay ay ku dhawaaqdo in Sudan ay tahay dalka ugu khatarta badan adduunka shaqaalaha bani'aadamnimada ka dib Koonfurta Sudan. Xaaladda waxaa sii murjiyay weerarrada lagu qaaday xarumaha bani'aadamnimada, iyadoo in ka badan 50 bakhaar la bililiqaystay, 82 xafiisna la bililiqeystay, iyo in ka badan 200 gaari oo la xaday. Dhacdo ba'an oo bililiqo ah oo ka dhacday El Obeid horaantii Juun ayaa keentay khasaare cunto ah "oo quudin kari lahayd 4.4 milyan oo qof". ''' Weerarrada Suxufiyiinta''' SAF iyo RSF waxaa lagu eedeeyay inay handadeen, weerareen, oo ay dileen suxufiyiin intii uu socday dagaalku. Ururka Suxufiyiinta Suudaan wuxuu diiwaangeliyay in ka badan 40 xadgudub bishii Maajo keliya. Dhowr suxufiyiin ah jjrng8ne2g296h84srg6ysje6ycd1mv Warka Salidka Uganda 0 40533 312273 296625 2026-11-11T08:26:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Warka Salidka Uganda''' {{Flag|Uganda}} ==warka salidka Uganda== * https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/commodities/how-uganda-s-oil-earnings-have-been-growing-before-start-of-commercial-production--4683460 * https://www.herald.co.zw/uganda-closer-to-becoming-oil-producer/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/uganda-closer-to-becoming-oil-producer/ |date=20240717102540 }} * https://www.worldpipelines.com/business-news/09042024/uganda-and-china-to-discuss-oil-pipeline-investment/ * https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/uganda-considers-oil-pipeline-tanzania-talks-kenya-stall * https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3259641/what-has-driven-china-bankroll-controversial-ugandan-crude-oil-pipeline * https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-jobs-in-pipeline-as-construction-starts-4575910 * https://web.archive.org/web/20240717102541/https://pumps-africa.com/standard-bank-to-fund-uganda-tanzania-oil-pipeline-project/ cfqp8xjfzz1fqz4i6j23ohf42jyfsjr Aabeey (dhir) 0 40927 312185 270166 2026-11-10T21:47:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aabeey | image = Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax collected in Ethiopia by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.png | image_upright = | image_alt = | image_caption = Sanbal oo '''Aabeey''' oo laga heley Itoobiya | image2 = | image2_upright = | image2_alt = | image2_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = Streptophyta | classis = Equisetopsida | ordo = Malpighiales | familia = Euphorbiaceae | genus = Jatropha | species = tropaeolifolia | binomial = Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax | binomial_authority = (Engler, 1910) <ref> Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147 I(Heft 42): 56. (1910) https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56530#page/64/mode/1up [Markay la heley: 26/11/2024] </ref> | range_map = Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax distribution Kew - Copy.png | range_map_caption = Meelaha laga helo Aabeey }} '''Aabeey'''<ref> Barkhadle, Ahmed M.I. Qaamuuska magacyada dhirta soomaaliyeed/Flora of Somalia, Somali Plant Names Dictionary, p.1 https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/2053/1/Somali%20plant%20names%20dictionary%20%281%29.pdf [Markay la heley: 26/11/2024]</ref> (Magac Saynis: Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax) waa dhir laga heli karo [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Itoobiya]].<ref> Plants of the World Online. (2024). Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. [online] https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350499-1 {{Wayback|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350499-1 |date=20241203143607 }} [Markay la helay: 26/11/2024]</ref> Geed gaaban uu dhidhir ilaa 3 mitir leh uu yahay<ref>Thulin, M. Flora of Somalia Volume 1. (1993) https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.flora.flos001683 [Markay la helay: 26/11/2024]</ref>. Wuxuu leeyahay ubaxyo cagaaran. == Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category: Dhir]] mw029357jgkaat7o68hq42r4sl0lvqi Aakharo (dhir) 0 40928 312186 270167 2026-11-10T21:51:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aakharo | image = Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach in Kenya by Susan Brown.png | image_upright = | image_alt = | image_caption = Sawarka '''Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach''' oo laga soo qaaday gudaha [[Kenya]] | image2 = | image2_upright = | image2_alt = | image2_caption = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = Streptophyta | classis = Equisetopsida | subclassis = Magnoliidae | ordo = Fabales | familia = Fabaceae | genus = Indigofera | species = Indigofera schimperi | binomial = Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach | binomial_authority = (Jaub. & Spach, 1856) <ref> Jaubert, H.F. de, iyo Spach, E., Illustrationes plantarum orientalium vol. 5 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Xf1mLEHLpmwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false [Markay la heley: 27/11/2024] </ref> | range_map = Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach distribution.png | range_map_caption = Melaha laga heli karo Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach }} '''Aakharo'''<ref> Barkhadle, Ahmed M.I. Qaamuuska magacyada dhirta soomaaliyeed/Flora of Somalia, Somali Plant Names Dictionary, p.1 https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/2053/1/Somali%20plant%20names%20dictionary%20%281%29.pdf [Markay la heley: 27/11/2024]</ref> (Magac Saynis: Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach) ama '''dharjo''' ama '''dharqo''' waa dhir laga heli karo '''[[Soomaaliya]]''', qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Afrika]] iyo [[Koonfurta Afrika]], [[Yemen]] iyo [[Ustareliya]].<ref> Plants of the World Online. (2015). Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach Plants of the World Online Kew Science. [online] Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:499959-1 {{Wayback|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:499959-1 |date=20241207025748 }} [Markay la helay: 27/11/2024]</ref> Geed gaaban uu dhidhir ilaa 1.5 mitir leh uu yahay<ref>Thulin, M. Flora of Somalia Volume 1. (1993) https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.flora.flos002158 [Markay la helay: 27/11/2024]</ref>. ==Muuqaalka== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach in Kenya by Susan Brown2.png|thumb| Indigofera schimperi Jaub. & Spach </gallery> == Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category: Dhir]] bs2r7mi4wim51pd2c2nao8az2k4df05 Aalokuyaal 0 40943 312187 270168 2026-11-10T21:52:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Aalokuyaal | image = Acacia caraniana Chiov. by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.png | image_caption = Sawirka '''Senegalia caraniana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.''' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = Streptophyta | classis = Equisetopsida | ordo = Fabales | familia = Fabaceae | genus = Senegalia | species = caraniana | binomial = Senegalia caraniana | binomial_authority = (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr. (2013) | synonyms = '''Acacia caraniana Chiov.''' (1929) | range_map = Distribution of Senegalia caraniana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.png | range_map_caption = Meelaha laga heli karo '''Senegalia caraniana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.''' }} '''Aalokuyaal'''<ref> Barkhadle, Ahmed M.I. Qaamuuska magacyada dhirta soomaaliyeed/Flora of Somalia, Somali Plant Names Dictionary, p.1 https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/2053/1/Somali%20plant%20names%20dictionary%20%281%29.pdf [Markay la heley: 06/12/2024]</ref> ama '''Calakuyaal''' (Magac Saynis: '''Senegalia caraniana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.''') waa dhir oo laga heli karo wooqoyga bariga [[Soomaaliya]] iyo meel kale ma looga hubsano.<ref>Plants of the World Online. (2021). Senegalia caraniana (Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Plants of the World Online Kew Science https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77130764-1 {{Wayback|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77130764-1 |date=20241207113730 }} [Markay la helay: 6/12/2024]</ref> Geed dhuuban uu dhidhir ilaa 7 mitir leh uu yahay. Jilif cawlan iyo cadaan isku qasan wuu qabaa. Qodxo wuu leeyahay.<ref>Thulin, M. Flora of Somalia Volume 1. (1993) https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.flora.flos001988 [Markay la helay: 6/12/2024]</ref>. == Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category: Dhir]] b373fbwrakvw60cc5u5xrw3yv3d6jyp Ganthaal Doha 2025 0 41715 312227 276188 2026-11-11T02:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ganthaal Doha 2025''' [[File:Middle_East_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|right|400px|]] * dilka:'''0''' * dawac:'''00''' * Ama:[[Qatar]] * Ama:[[Iiraan]] Iran ayaa weerar rogaal celis ah ku qaaday saldhigyada ciidamada Maraykanka ee ku yaala qaarada Asia , kadib markii Maraykanku duqeeyey goobaha nukliyeerka ee IranLama sheegin wax khasaare ah oo soo gaaray magaalada, waxaana Iran ay gantaallo u adeegsatay inay bartilmaameedsato magaalada Dooxa, kaddib markii Israa'iil iyo iiraan uu dhex maray dagaal gantaallo ah oo waxyeello u geystay magaalooyinkeeda. ==warka== * https://web.archive.org/web/20250624075024/https://organiser.org/2025/06/24/298956/world/indian-embassy-in-qatar-calls-for-vigilance-as-iran-escalates-conflict-with-missile-attack-on-us-military-base-in-doha/ *https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250623-iran-vows-retaliation-for-us-strikes-as-israel-keeps-up-attacks * https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/3056165/iranian-retaliation-against-us-forces-could-come-soon-us-officials-say* * https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20250624_07/ * https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/3056650/trump-announces-ceasefire-between-iran-and-israel ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Muranka Dunida Waddanamaha]] 0nsho77v8mpn0qfyic0m4xzl2znygp5 Maxamed Xirsi Moorgan 0 42154 312251 280866 2026-11-11T05:21:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312251 wikitext text/x-wiki Jaale Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan,oo loo yaqaano General Morgan ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Maxamed Siciid Xirsi Moorgan ;[[Carabi]]: محمد سعيد حيرسي مورغان ; 1 January 1949 - 28 May 2025), wuxuu ahaa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed iyo sarkaal sare oo militari ah .ayuu soo noqday Wasiirkii Howlaha Guud iyo Guryeynta, wuxuuna ahaa Wasiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Gaashaandhigga Dowladdii Siyaad Barre . Sidoo kale, waxa uu soo qabtay xilal kala duwan oo uu ka mid yahay Taliyaha Ciidanka Xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed . Jeneraalku waxa uu xirfad heersare ah ka soo qaatay ciidanka xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed . Ugu danbeyn waxa uu ahaa la taliyaha dhanka amniga ee Madaxweynaha [[Puntland]], [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] , isagoo kaalin muuqata ka qaatay ololihii la dagaalanka Daacish ee Puntland . waxa uu sodog u ahaa [[Siyaad Barre]] , waxa uuna ka tirsanaabeesha Harti ee Majeerteen , kana tirsan qabiilka weyn ee Daarood . Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, General Morgan waxa uu degay [[Garoowe]] , Puntland , isaga oo la taliye dhanka amniga u ahaa maamulka Puntland. {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = [[Heer sare#Soomaaliya|Jaale]] | name = Maxamed Siciid Xirsi Morgan | native_name = {{small|محمد سعيد حيرسي مورغان}} | native_name_lang = | image = Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan (cropped).jpg | office = 11aad [[Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga]] | president = [[Siyaad Barre]] | term_start = 9 September 1990 | term_end = 26 January 1991 | predecessor = [[Xuseen Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan]] | successor = [[Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Cali]] (2005) | office1 = 7aad [[Taliyaha Ciidanka Difaaca (Somalia)|Taliyaha Ciidanka Difaaca]] | president1 = [[Siyaad Barre]] | term_start1 = 9 September 1990 | term_end1 = 26 January 1991 | predecessor1 = [[Maslax Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] | successor1 = [[Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji]] (2005) | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|1|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Qardho]], [[Talyaani Somaliland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|5|28|1949|1|1|df=y}} | death_place = [[Nayroobi]], [[Kenya]] | party = {{ubl|[[Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] (ka hor 1991)|[[Jabhadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] (1991–2003)}} | allegiance = {{ubl |[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] (1967–1991) |[[Jabhadda Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (1991–2003) |[[Dawlada Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya|Dawlad Qaran oo ku meel gaadh ah]] (2003–2004) |[[Dawlada Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya|Dawlada Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya]] (2004–2009) |[[Howlgallada ka dhanka ah argagixisada Puntland]] (2015–2025)}} | branch = {{army|Somalia}} (1967 – 1991) | branch_label = Laanta | serviceyears = 1967 – 2025 | serviceyears_label = Adeeg&nbsp;sanadaha{{0}} | rank = [[Sareeye Guud|Sareeye Guud]] | battles = [[1982 Dagaalkii xuduudka ee Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya]] [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] [[Jabhadda Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Dagaalkii Bali Dhig]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Warbixinta Digniinta iyo Saadaasha: Afrikada Saxaraha ka hooseeya |date=17 February 1987 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP91B00776R000300040020-3.pdf |access-date=12 August 2025}}</ref> * [[1988 Hargeisa-Burao offensive]] ** [[Bombardment of Burao and Hargeisa 1988]] [[Islamic State insurgency in Puntland]] | battles_label = Khilaafaadka | otherparty = {{ubl|[[Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed]] (2002–2004)|[[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2005–2025)}} | resting_place = [[Muscat]], [[Cumaan]] }} ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Morgan waxa uu ku dhashay 1 January 1949 degmada Qardho . Wuxuu wax ku bartay dugsigii hoose dhexe iyo sare ee Xaaji Mire ee Bosaaso , aabbihii ayaa markii dambe u diray magaalada Muqdisho , halkaas oo uu waxbarashadiisii ​​ku dhammaystay dugsigii loo yaqaanay "Allaah". Ka dib, Jeneraalku wuxuu ku biiray ciidamada. 1967-kii, waxa uu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii ay Soomaaliya u dirtay tabobar ciidan oo ay ku soo qaateen Midowgii Sofiyeeti , iyaga oo dalka ku soo laabtay 1970-kii. Qoyska Morgan waxa ay ku nool yihiin Maraykanka. ==Xirfad== ===Dawladii Siyaad Barre=== Morgan waxa uu tababar ciidan ku soo qaatay Talyaaniga iyo Maraykanka. Kornayl ahaan , waxa uu ahaa taliyaha qaybta Muqdisho , halkaas oo ay ku sugnaayeen cutubyadii ugu sarreeyey ee Ciidammada Qalabka Sida (ca. 1980). Ka dib Morgan waxa uu noqday taliyaha Red Berets, mas'uul ka ahaa cabudhinta kacdoonkii Majeerteen United in Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) 1982. 1986 ilaa 1988, guud ahaan, waxa uu ahaa taliyaha ciidamada ee 26aad ee Somali Sector (gobolka Somaliland ) oo uu ku guulaystey dagaalladii SNM . duqaynta magaalooyinka waqooyi. Bishii Sebtembar 1990 Morgan waxaa loo magacaabay wasiirka gaashaandhigga iyo beddelka madaxa dawladda. Waxa kale oo uu ahaa wasiirkii hawlaha guud iyo guryaynta 1990kii ilaa 1991 .​ (Bakaar), oo aakhirkii horseeday abaartii Soomaaliyeed ee 1992-kii ( Caga Barar ) oo ay ku dhawaad ​​300,000 oo qof (Ugu badnaan Digil iyo Mirifle ) ay gaajo ugu dhintaan, sababtuna ay tahay dhibaatadii ka dhalatay xeeladdii xasuuqa ee fallaagada, gaar ahaan diidmadii Maxamed Farrax Ceydiid iyo bililiqeysiga gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ee ay keeneen Ciidamada Aan Caawinta lahayn . Morgan wuxuu si cad ugu sheegay muuqaal fagaare ah in "maleeshiyadiisa ay ku badbaadayaan hadhuudhkii Raxwayn ee la dhacay", si uu kor ugu qaado 'dulqaadka' maleeshiyadiisa oo uu ugu dhiirigeliyo hogaamiyayaashiisa qabaa'ilka inay taageeraan maleeshiyadiisa. ===Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya=== Intii aanay dhicin dawladdii iyo dagaalkii sokeeye ee xigay , Morgan waxa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay dambiile dagaal oo ay dawladu maalgaliso. Moorgan waxa uu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii dawladda ee hormuudka ka ahaa xasuuqii ay Somaliland ka geysatay beesha Isaaq . Xogtan waxaa si buuxda u diiwaangelisay Human Rights Watch . Morgan waligii maxkamadaha caalamiga ah laguma soo oogin dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanaha . Bishii Janaayo 1986, Morgan, oo ahaa ilaaliyaha Barre ka hor inta uusan guursan inantiisa. ayaa la sheegay inuu reer miyi Isaaq ah ku yiri ceel biyood "hadaad Isaaqa iska celisaan, magaalooyinkiina waanu burburinaynaa, waxaadna dhaxli doontaan dambas keliya". Morgan (oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Hiliblihii Hargeysa ) waxa kale oo uu masuul ka ahaa warqaddii siyaasadda ee loo qoray soddoggiis xilligii uu ahaa guddoomiyaha milatariga ee waqooyiga. Warqaddan oo loo yaqaan 'Xarafka dhimashada', wuxuu " soo jeediyay aasaaska siyaasadda dhulka guban si looga takhaluso 'jeermiska Soomaalida'". Warqadda siyaasadda (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Warbixinta Morgan) waxay si rasmi ah u ahayd warbixin sir ah oo sare oo loogu talagalay madaxweynaha oo ku saabsan "tallaabooyin la hirgeliyey oo lagu taliyay" ee "xalka ugu dambeeya" ee Soomaaliya "dhibaatadda Isaaq". Morgan waxa uu tilmaamay in dadka Isaaqa ah "in la hoos geeyo olole lagu baabi'inayo" si looga hortago "inay mar kale madaxooda kor u qaadaan". Isaga oo hadalkiisa sii wata ayuu yiri: "Maanta, waxa aan haysanaa dawadii saxda ahayd ee fayraska ee ku jirta [jirka] Qaranka Soomaaliyeed." “Daawadii” uu ka hadlay waxaa ka mid ahaa: “Miisaan-qaadka dadka wax-qabta, si meesha looga saaro isku-duubnaanta hantida [gacanta Isaaqa”.Waxa kale oo uu ku baaqay in dib-u-dhis lagu sameeyo golaha deegaanka ee degaamada Isaaq si loo dheellitiro xubinnimada ay hadda ka tirsan yihiin oo ka kooban dad gaar ah Isaaq, iyo sidoo kale in ardayda dugsiyada lagu qaso carruurta Ogadenya ee xeryaha Qaxoontiga ee agagaarka Hargeysa. Talooyinka aadka u daran waxaa ka mid ahaa: "In la dejiyo dhulka u dhexeeya ciidanka iyo cadowga, taas oo lagu samayn karo in la burburiyo taangiyada biyaha iyo tuulooyinka dhex yaal dhulka ay u adeegsadaan inay soo galaan"; iyo "in laga saaro xubinnimada ciidamada qalabka sida iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ah dhammaan kuwa u furan tuhunka inay caawinayaan cadowga - gaar ahaan kuwa haya xilalka xasaasiga ah". William Clarke waxa uu qoray in Morgan loo magacaabay taliyaha guud ee Ciidanka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed 25kii November 1990. 8dii Janaayo 1993 Morgan waxa uu ka mid ahaa saxiixeyaashii heshiiskii lagu gaaray shirkii diyaarinta rasmiga ah ee dib u heshiisiinta qaranka ee ay Qaramada Midoobay soo qaban qaabisay , iyo shirkii March 1993 ee dib u heshiisiinta qaran ee Soomaaliya , labaduba waxa ay ka dhaceen magaalada Addis Ababa ee dalka Itoobiya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalladu waxay ka sii socdeen dalka oo aan la joojin. Bishii Disembar 1993dii, ciidamadii Morgan waxay qabsadeen Kismaayo , waxayna sugayeen bixitaankii ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Belgian oo halkaas ku sugnaa. Ciidankiisii ​​waxa ay ka faa’iidaysteen in UN-ku ku mashquusho Maxamed Faarax Ceydiid oo ay dib u soo hubeeyeen oo dib isu soo abaabuleen. ==Dawlad Qaran oo ku meel gaadh ah== Morgan waxa uu goob joog ka ahaa gebagebadii wadahadaladii nabadeed ee Kenya (2002-2004) ee lagu soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah oo Soomaaliyeed Gabagabadii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa halis galiyay bishii Sebtembar 2004 ka dib markii Moorgan uu ka baxay, oo u diyaariyay ciidamadiisa si ay u weeraraan Kismaayo, oo ay maamusho JVA oo isaga ka saaray 1999. Sida laga soo xigtay Amnesty International "joogitaankiisa wadahadalada nabada, in ka badan mid kasta oo ka mid ah qabqablayaasha kale, ayaa muujiyay muhiimadda ay leedahay arrinta la xisaabtan la'aanta iyo saamaynta ay ku yeelanayso xuquuqda aadanaha mustaqbalka." Bishii Maajo 2005-tii Morgan waxa uu ka dhoofay Nayroobi oo uu booqasho gaaban kula soo qaatay malleeshiyadiisa Muqdisho oo uu la hadlay wakiillo ka socday USC. Dagaalka u dhexeeya maleeshiyada iyo Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah ee gacanta ku haya caasimadda wuxuu bilaabmayaa Febraayo 2006. Xubnaha isla USC waxay dhibanayaal u ahaayeen xasuuqii ciidamadii Morgan 1992. Sannadkaas SNF waxay dib ula wareegtay, iyadoo gacan ka heleysa militariga Kenya (oo xadgudub ku ah cunaqabateynta hubka ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ), gobolka Gedo . Bishii Oktoobar 1992, SNF waxay qabsatay magaalada Baardheere , iyagoo gabood fallo ka geystay dad rayid ah oo loo maleeyay inay taageersan yihiin USC (oo ku saleysan qabiilkooda oo keliya) waxayna si weyn u carqaladeeyeen howlihii gargaarka. 1991-kii oo uu Moorgan ahaa Wasiirkii Gaashaandhigga ee dowladdii Barre, waxaa weli isaga ka amar qaadan jiray 54,000 oo askari. Afar iyo toban sano ka dib, 1,000 oo keliya ayaa hadhay ==Geerida iyo aaska== 28-kii May 2025, Maxamed Siyaad Xirsi Morgan ayaa ku geeriyooday isbitaal ku yaalla magaalada Nairobi ee dalka Kenya. Da’diisu waxa ay ahayd 76. Sida ay sheegeen qoyskiisu sida ay Horseed Media u sheegeen , waxa uu muddo dhowr maalmood ah ku xanuunsanayey dalka Kenya, isagoo xanuun caloosha ah kala kulmay intii uu ku sugnaa magaalada Boosaaso ee xarunta ganacsiga Puntland ee gobolka Bari . Jeneraalka ayaa muddooyinkan ku sugnaa magaalada Garoowe ee caasimadda Puntland , waxaana uu ahaa la taliye sare oo Madaxweynaha Puntland u qaabilsanaa arrimaha dib u habeynta ciidamada Puntland . Wax yar ka dib geeridii, Madaxweyne Saciid Cabdullaahi Deni ayaa soo saaray bayaan uu ku maamuusayo dhaxalka Morgan, isagoo ku tilmaamay inuu ahaa "Nin dowladeed, soo jiidasho leh, iyo is-hoosaysiin". Meydka Marxuumka ayaa loo soo wareejinayaa magaalada Garoowe ee xarunta Puntland , waxaana aas qaran loogu sameeyey Marxuum Moorgan oo ka bilaabmaya 28 May 2025 .​​​​​ Cabdi Faarax Siciid Juxa ==Tixraac== [https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP91B00776R000300040020-3.pdf "Warbixinta Digniinta iyo Saadaasha: Afrikada Saxaraha ka hooseeya"] [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ERO/records/ho415/1/ind/som4.htm#ruleofsb Qiyaasta 40,000 ee la dilay waxaa lagu sheegay QIIMEYNTA SOOMAALIYA, Version 4, September 1999, Qeybta Warfaafinta iyo Siyaasadda Dalka ee Hoggaanka Socdaalka & Jinsiyadaha, Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha ee Dowladda Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Qeybta Dagaalka OGADEN & KA soo Horjeedka BARRE, farqadiisa 3.13.] [https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PAPER87.PDF "Soomaaliya: Markii Afar iyo Tobnaad ayaa nasiib leh? waxaa qoray Richard Cornwell, Institute for Security Studies, Paper 87 (qaybtii dhicistii Siyaad Barre)"] [http://www.italosomali.org/Lords.htm "italosomali ancis ANCIS italia Somalia Italosomali Italo somali counit italo somalia Resources and Information"] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2004-09-27-20-1-67361617/273520.html "Hogaamiye Kooxeedyadii Soomaaliyeed Oo Ku Soo Laabtay Wadahadallo Nabadeed - 2004-09-27"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7w8VAQAAIAAJ&q=%22dilution+of+the+school+population+with+an+infusion+of+children%22 Xadgudubyadii Xuquuqul Insaanka ee Hore ee Soomaaliya: Warbixinta Daraasad Hordhac ah oo loo Qabtay Qaramada Midoobay (OHCHR/UNDP-Somalia)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080813164536/http://www.usip.org/library/pa/somalia/somalia_03271993.html "Heshiiska Addis Ababa ayaa lagu soo gebagebeeyey kalfadhigii koowaad ee shirka dib u heshiisiinta Qaran ee Soomaaliya"] [http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/JCS/bin/get.cgi?directory=J97/articles/&filename=BAGYEMA1.htm , Vol. XVI No. 2, Deyrtii 1996, " Geeska Afrika: Colaadda, Milatari-ka-dhigista iyo Dib-u-dhiska", cutubka cabbirrada militariga, qaybta: Kobaca Heerarka Xoogga iyo Kharashaadka] [https://twitter.com/M_Farmaajo/status/1927766095550636432 "Waxaan tacsi tiiraanyo leh u diray qoyska, qaraabada & guud ahaan ummadda Soomaaliyeed ee uu ka baxay, Alle ha u naxariistee, Janaraal Maxamed Siciid Moorgan oo ka mid ahaa saraakiishii sarsare ee Dowladdii Dhexe, soona shaqada wasaaradda Howlaha Guud iyo guud. (@M_Farmaajo)"] [https://twitter.com/HamzaAbdiBarre/status/1927773198554108240 "Waxaan uga tacsiyeynayaa qoyska, Qaranka iyo guud ahaan Ciidanka qalab-sida Xirsi naxdinta leh ee ku timid Alle u naxariistee Jeneraal Maxamed Siciid Moorgan oo ahaa sarkaal ku tilmaaman karti iyo geesinimo,kaalin weynna ka qaatay dhismaha Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka 🇸🇴 – (@HamzaAbdiBarre)"] [https://twitter.com/Plstatehouse/status/1927748389107560483 "Ku-simaha Madaxweynaha Ahna Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Dowladda Puntland @HELugatoor, oo ku hadlaya magaciisa, kan Goleyaasha Dowladda iyo shacabka Puntland, ayaa ka tacsiyeeyay geerida Allaah u naxariistee Gen. Maxamed Siciid Xirsi Morgan oo ku geeriyooday Nairobi. (@Plstatehouse)"] [https://twitter.com/ahmedkaraash/status/1927747753586696247 "Alle Naxariistii Jano haka waraabe hore ee Ciyaarta dhexe ee Soomaaliya Gen. Maxamed Xirsi (Moorgan) oo galabta ku geeriyooday magaalada Nairobi ee dalka Kenya. (@ahmedkaraash)"] [https://allafrica.com/stories/202505290326.html "Soomaaliya: Ra'iisul Wasaare Xamse - 'Marxuum Jeneral Morgan wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray difaaca dalka'] [https://books.google.com/books?id=vz6gCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 Fahamka Dawlad Dhisidda: Dawlad-Dhaqameed iyo Dawladnimada Casriga ah ee Somaliland] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1747697.stm Warbixinta BBC ee ku saabsan Xirsi Morgan (2002)] [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3692934.stm Warbixinta BBC ee ku saabsan Xirsi Morgan (2004)] [http://www.somalitalk.com/editorial/riyale.html “Caddaaladdii Xasuuqii 1980-aadkii: Mas’uuliyadda Siyaasiyiinta iyo Xisbiyada”] [https://web.archive.org/web/20000818073420/http://www.netnomad.com/parmalee.html "La socoshada Qabqablayaasha; Reer Galbeedku Soomaaliya ma Shuhadadii Shuhadadii?"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20030504030840/http://www.irinnews.org/webspecials/somaliajustice/default.asp IRIN WebSpecial: Aas Wanaagsan - Soomaalidu waxay u ooman tahay Caddaalad]//Xafiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee Isku-dubaridka Arrimaha Bani'aadamnimada, 2001 f0rsr0h2kql4pioqnovp02ftqald8i5 Awrboogays 0 42248 312195 311763 2026-11-10T22:32:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Awrboogays''' (Awrboogays, Awr-boogays, Ar-boogays) waa magaalo ku taal koonfurta-dhexe ee [[Sanaag]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] . {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Awrboogays | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Sanaag relief location map.png | map_caption = Goobta Soomaaliya | pushpin_relief = y | pushpin_map = Sanaag#Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Sanaag]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Ceel Afweyn]] | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = Waqooyi Bari | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1 | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 2500 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |author=FSAU/MOHL/UNICEF/SRCS |date=May 2003 |url=https://fsnau.org/downloads/Sool%20Plateau%20Survey%20-%20June%202003.pdf|title= SANAG REGION |accessdate=2023-02-24}} </ref> | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | website = | footnotes = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|9|34|05|N|47|45|17|E|region:SO-SA|display=inline,title}} | name = Awrbogays }} ==Taariikhda== Awrboogays waa magaalo la sameeyay 1965-kii, markii ugu horaysay waxaa la aasaasay ceel lagu go’aamiyay in dadka reer guuraaga ahi ay xoolahooda ka waraabiyaan, kadibna waxay isu bedeshay xarun ay dadku isugu yimaadaan si ay xoolahooda uga iibsadaan. Ka dib, waxay noqotay tuulo. 59 Awrboogays waxay ku taal gobolka Sanaag ee Somaliland. Machadkii ugu horeeyey ee wax lagu baro luqadda English-ka oo la aas aasay sanadkii 2008, waxa uu ahaa machadka Halgan ee Awrboogays oo uu lahaa Ciise Xaaji. Maanta, Awrboogays waxa ay leedahay dugsi hoose, dugsi sare, iyo machadyo diimeed oo ka badan 20 qaybood. Sannadkii 2004tii, heerka nafaqa-darrida ee dhulka Sool aad ayay uga soo raynaysaa, laakiin Xingalool iyo Awrboogays kama dhicin. 41  January 2013 waxaa magaalada Taleex , Buuhoodle , Boocame , Awrboogays iyo meelo kale lagu qabtay munaasabado is barbar socda oo lagu xusayay sanadguuradii koowaad ee ka soo wareegtay aasaaskii maamulka Khaatumo . Bishii September 2013, Maayarka degmada Xuddun ayaa ka codsaday dawladda Somaliland in laga faa’iidaysto khayraadka dhulka hoostiisa ku jira ee Awrboogays iyo deegaannada kale ee degmada Xuddun. Bishii Oktoobar 2013, Madaxweynaha Somaliland Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud ayaa booqday Awrboogays, waxaanu ku dhawaaqay in Awrboogays la gaadhsiinayo heer degmo (degmo). Bishii January 2015, Wasiirka Caymiska Somaliland Saleebaan Xaglotoosiye ayaa khudbad uu ka jeediyay magaalada Laascaanood ku sheegay inuu abuuray hay’ad qalab caafimaad iyo dawooyin gaadhsiisa Kalabaydh , Xudun iyo Awrboogays. Bishii July 2016 waxaa magaalada Awrboogays ka dhacay shir nabadeed uu wasiirka Somaliland ku qaabilay, waxaana halkaasi ka hadlay qaybaha Maxamud Bari Xiniinle iyo C/raxmaan Harti ee beelaha Dulbahante . Bishii Sebtembar 2020, Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Puntland waxay amar ku bixisay in talaajado iyo agab kale la geeyo isbitaallada hooyada ee Taleex, Xudun, Awrboogays iyo Boocame . Bishii Sebtembar 2021, dagaal ka dhacay Xuddun iyo Awrboogays ayaa lagu dilay degmada Xuddun taliye ka tirsan ciidamada Somaliland. ==Isbitaalka hooyada== Awrboogays waxa ku yaala cisbitaalkii ugu horeeyey ee laga dhiso agagaarka, waxaana bukaanada ka yimi Dararweyne , Ceel Afweyn , Sarmaanyo , Godaalo , Fiqifuliye , Damala Xagare , Xudun iwm. Bishii April 2018, Jaaliyadda Soomaaliyeed ee ku dhaqan magaalada Columbus ee gobolka Ohio , ayaa kulan ay isugu yimaaden dhaqaale loogu ururinayey dhismaha isbitaalka hooyada iyo dhallaanka ee Widhwidh iyo Awrboogays ee gobolka Sanaag iyo Cayn . Bishii Ogosto 2019, waxaa Awrboogays laga dhisay isbitaalka hooyada iyo dhallaanka. Ilaa waagaas waxa Laascaanood ka jiray cusbitaal keliya . Bishii Juun 2020, Marwada Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa qalab caafimaad iyo dawooyin gaarsiisay isbitaallada hooyada iyo dhallaanka ee Widhwith iyo Awrboogays. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Magaalada Awrboogays waxa dega ugu horrayn Dhulbahante , iyadoo beesha Naleeye Axmed oo ka tirsan Garaadka Maxamuud Garaad si fiican u matalay. ==Tixraac== [https://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/Environmental_Study_Degradation_Sool_Plateau_and_Gebi.pdf "DARAASADDA DEEGAANKA EE XUMADA GOBOLKA SOOL IYO DOOXA GEBI: GOBOLKA SANAAG EE WAQOOYIGA SOOMAALIYA"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/Environmental_Study_Degradation_Sool_Plateau_and_Gebi.pdf |date=20231204053434 }} [https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2013/jan/wararka_maanta13-20519.htm " Munaasabado lagu xusay Asaaskii Maamulka Khaatumo oo lagu qabtay maamulka uu maamulkaas ka taliyo"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240718081542/https://somalilandpost.net/xukuumadda-somaliland-oo-loogu-baaqay-inay-wax-ka-qabato-adeegyada-aasaasiga-ah-ee-bulshada-degmada-xuddun-kana-faaidaysato-kheyraadka-dabiiciga-ah-ee-ku-duugan-daawo/ "Xukuumadda Somaliland oo loogu baaqay inay Wax ka Qabato Adeegyada Aasaasiga ah ee Bulshada Degmada Xuddun, kana faa'iidaysato Kheyraadka Dabiiciga ah ee ku Duugan"] [https://somalilandpost.net/awr-boogays-xukuumadda-somaliland-oo-gogol-nabadeed-u-furtay-laba-beelood-oo-shaqaaqo-dhex-martay/ "AWR-BOOGAYS: Xukuumadda Somaliland oo Gogol-nabadeed u furtay laba Beelood oo Shaqaaqo dhex-martay"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241215123531/https://horufadhimedia.com/59288/ "Daawo Sawiro: Soomaalidda Columbus oo dhaqalo ugu deeqay isbitaalo laga dhigay gobolka Sanaag iyo Cayn"] [https://muqdisho.online/sawiro-farmaajo-oo-agab-caafimaad-loo-yaboohay-g-banaadir-uwareejiyay-dag-buuhoodle-ee-somaliland/ "Farmaajo oo agab caafimaad loo yaboohay G/Banaadir uwareejiyay Dag. Buuhoodle ee Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://muqdisho.online/sawiro-farmaajo-oo-agab-caafimaad-loo-yaboohay-g-banaadir-uwareejiyay-dag-buuhoodle-ee-somaliland/ |date=20230225001346 }} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWJfLZ4PwPs "DHULKII DHULBAHANTE OO KACDOONKU WADA GAADHAY HALKANI WAA DEGMADA AWRBOOGAYS"] l4uad8b9tvtzueo0wcwv6te0lcaqzkz Degmada Baligubadle 0 42256 312209 282335 2026-11-11T00:46:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312209 wikitext text/x-wiki Baligubadle District ( [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Baligubadle ) waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] ee [[Somaliland]] Degmada waxaa la sameeyay 2019 waxaana laga xardhay guud ahaan degmada [[Hargeysa]] . Magaalo madaxda degmada waa Baligubadle kaas oo ku teedsan xuduudka uu la wadaago deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] . {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Baligubadle | other_name = | native_name = Baligubadle District | nickname = | settlement_type = | motto = | image_skyline = Grasslands of Baligubadle.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Baligubadle District.svg | mapsize = | map_caption = Goobta Degmada Baligubadle ee Maroodi Jeex, Somaliland | pushpin_map =Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Maroodi Jeex]] | seat_type = Caasimada | seat = [[Baligubadle]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|9.0|44.000278|region:SO|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} ==Dhaqaalaha== Dadka degmadu waxay u badan yihiin xoolo-dhaqato taasoo dhaqaalaha deegaanku uu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay ganacsiga xoolaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee beeralayda roobka ee yar yar ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhaqmaa. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Magaalada Baligubadle waxa ku nool ilaa 18,000 oo qof. Degmada waxaa si buuxda u maamula qabiilka Arap , oo ka tirsan beesha ballaaran ee Isaaq. ==Gudoomiyayaashii kala danbeeyay== Maxamed Cabdi Muxumed (Shiine) Shiine Cabdi Hayaan ==Taariikhda== Sebtembar 1990kii ayuu Garaad Cabdiqani Garaad Jaamac booqasho ku tegay Baligubadle oo uu heshiis nabadeed la galay SNM . Waxa kale oo ay tani ka dhigan tahay in la heshiisiiyo beelihii colaaddu ku dhexmartay gobolka, waxaanay ka mid ahayd qodobbadii ugu waaweynaa ee dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Somaliland. Sannadkii 2002-dii waxa la sameeyay Xeerka Dawladaha Hoose ee Somaliland, Degmada Baligubadle waxay noqotay Degmada C ee darajada AD (A waa ugu sarraysa). Bishii Disembar 2012, golaha deegaanka degmada Baligubadle ayaa Maayar u doortay Cabdi Iimaan Jaamac (Gurey) oo ka tirsan xisbiga UCID . Bishii Abriil 2015, duqa magaalada, Cabdi Iimaan Jaamac "Gurey" ayaa la garaacay oo dhaawac halis ah loo geystay. Arrintan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ka dambeysay isku day dowladda hoose ay ku dooneysay inay ku qaado dhismo si sharci darro ah loo dhisay. Bishii Sebtembar 2015, ayaa la sheegay in ciidamada Itoobiya ay ka soo gudbeen xuduudka Baligubadle ee Somaliland, kadibna ay toogteen laba qof oo rayid ah. Bishii March 2016, dawladda Itoobiya waxay xidhay xuduudka Baligubadle. Lama shaacin sababta keentay arrintan, balse waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay la xiriirto bilowga diwaangelinta doorashada ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2018, biyo-xireen cusub oo dhulka ah ayaa la dhisay iyadoo ay taageertay UNCP . October 2018, Golaha Baarlamaanka Baligubadle ayaa xilkii ka qaaday Duqii Cabdi Iimaan Jaamac, waxaana loo doortay Aadan Cali Xasan. Badhasaabka Gobolka Hawd Yaasiin Axmed Shide ayaa isna sheegay inuu taageersan yahay xilkan loo magacaabay. Bishii Juun 2020, Baligubadle waxaa waxyeello u geystay roobab mahiigaan ah. Bishii Juun 2021, Shiine Cabdi Hayaan ayaa loo doortay duqa magaalada. May 2022, xukuumadda Somaliland waxay soo jeedisay in degmada Baligubadle oo loo tixgaliyo degmada C, laga dhigo degmada B, haddii ay taasi dhacdo tirada golaha deegaanka waxay kordhinaysaa kow iyo toban. Bishii March 2024, maamulka Gobolka Hawd iyo kan degmada Baligubadle ayaa yeeshay shir lagaga hortagayo cudurka shuban biyoodka oo ka imanaya Itoobiya . ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20210701220026/https://africalandpolicy.org/eu-programme/sites/default/files/Somailia_Final%20Technical%20Report%20(1).pdf "Falanqaynta Xuquuqda Dhulka Haweenka & Xuquuqda Dhulka ee Beelaha laga tirada badan yahay ee Somaliland"] [https://www.eld-initiative.org/fileadmin/Regreening_Africa_publications/ELD_somalia_report.pdf "Qiimaynta saamaynta dhaqaale ee xaalufka dhulka Somaliland: Daraasad ku saabsan seeraha Baligubadle iyo Bookh"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240706005959/https://maantasomaliland.com/?p=19047 "CIIDAMADDA ETHIOPIA EE KU SUGAN XUDUUDA BALIGUBADLE OO GUDAHA SOMALILAND KU TOOGTAY LABA QOF OO MUWAADINIIN SOMALILAND AH] [https://berberatoday.com/2016/03/12/dawladda-ethiopia-oo-xidhay-xuduudka-ay-la-leedahay-deegaanka-baligubadle-ee-somaliland/ "DAWLADDA ITOOBIYA OO XIDHAY XUDUUDKA AY LA LEEDAHAY DEEGAANKA BALIGUBADLE EE SOMALILAND] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/new-water-storage-dam-baligubadle-somaliland-will-provide-safe-water-access-estimated "Dhaamka cusub ee kaydinta biyaha ee Baligubadle, Somaliland, wuxuu heli doonaa biyo ammaan ah oo lagu qiyaasay 10,000 oo qof oo ku nool gobolka"] [https://www.oodweynemedia.com/2018/10/27/golaha-deegaanka-baligubadle-ma-handaraabkiibaa-soo-gaadhay/ "Golaha deegaanka baligubadle ma Handaraabkiibaa soo gaadhay"] [https://somalilandtoday.com/2021/06/17/mayarka-iyo-maayir-ku-xigeenka-magaalada-baligubadle-oo-saaka-la-doortay/ "Maayarka Iyo Maayar Ku-xigeenka Magaalada Baligubadle Oo Saaka La Doortay"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-government-intends-to-upgrade-baligubadle-taleh-and-ainabo-districts-level/ "Xukuumada Somaliland Waxay Ku Talo Gashay Kor U Qaadista Heerarka Degmooyinka Baligubadle, Taleex Iyo Caynabo"] 45he0550iqkuc5vxb9m9z6pd3shwph0 Sal Stowers 0 42992 312261 287394 2026-11-11T06:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Saleishastowers.jpg | caption = Stowers Sannadkii May 2008 | birth_name = Saleisha Lashawn Stowers | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|01|20}} | birth_place = [[Pasadena, California]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * Jilaa * model}} | years_active = 2006–hadda }} '''Saleisha Lashawn Stowers''' (oo dhashay Janaayo 20, 1986) waa jilaa Mareykan ah iyo moodel Waxay ahayd ku guulaysta wareegga 9-aad ee Modelka Xiga ee Ameerika Waxay ku muujisay doorka Lani Price ee NBC 's opera saabuunta Maalmaha Nolosheenna . ==Nolosha hore== Stowers wuxuu ku dhashay Pasadena, California Waxay ku soo kortay Madera ayeeydeed. Markii ay da'deedu ahayd 14, waxay tagtay xerada "T-Zone" ee Tyra Banks si ay uga caawiso dhisidda isku-kalsoonideeda iyo kalsoonideeda. Ka dib waxay u guurtay Los Angeles, halkaas oo ay ka shaqeysay soo-dhoweeyaha ka hor inta aysan ka soo muuqan Maraykanka Next Top Model . ==Xirfad== ===Qaabaynta=== Stowers waxaa la saxeexday Photogenics Model Management oo waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay xayeysiin loogu talagalay makhaayadda cuntada degdega ah ee Wendy's , oo uu la socdo jilaaga Tom Lenk . Waxay u qaabaysay dharka DOMIJ, iyo demo Waxay sidoo kale ahayd dheeraad ah qayb ka mid ah taxanaha TV-ga Ugly Betty iyo laba qaybood oo ka mid ah Bandhigga Tyra Banks , oo u qaabeeyay Rami, Mashruuca Runway xilli afar tartame. Stowers waxay ka soo muuqdeen muqaal muusiga "Soo Dhawayn", waxayna lahaayeen xayaysiis loogu talagalay 24 Hour Fitness . Waxay sidoo kale u qaabaysay garbahaaga Gaar ahaan kuwaaga, waxaana lagu soo bandhigay qaabka loo faafiyay InTouch Weekly . Waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay Mareykanka Next Top Model , halkaas oo ay markii dambe ku guuleysatay wareegga sagaalaad ee tartanka, iyadoo ku garaacday Chantal Jones finalkii. Waxay la saxeexatay Maamulka Model Elite . Dhowr baloog iyo wargeysyo ayaa saadaaliyay in xiriirkeedii hore ee bangiyada (ka qaybqaadashadeeda Banks 'T-Zone kaamka iyo muuqaalkeedii hore ee bandhigyada telefishinka Tyra iyo muuqaalkeeda sida moodelka The Tyra Banks Show iyo Cycle 6 of America's Next Top Model ), waxaa laga yaabaa inay saameyn ku yeelatay xulashada guusha. Stowers ayaa sidoo kale ahaa afhayeen heer qaran ah oo loogu talagalay timahaaga khaaska ah in ka badan hal sano ka hor inta uusan bandhiggu socon, iyo sidoo kale ka soo muuqashada dhacdo ka mid ah sitcom US Ugly Betty Stowers waxay lahaayeen olole Style Metro oo ay weheliyaan asxaabtooda Top Model alum, Jaslene Gonzalez , Dani Evans iyo Whitney Thompson . Stowers waxay ku jirtay daboolka Seventeen iyada oo qayb ka ah abaal-marinteeda. Waxay ka soo muuqatay daboolka joornaalka Doll Magazine , [ 9 ] waxay lahayd dabool oo ku faafay Florida International Magazine waxayna ku faaftay bisha Janaayo 2008 ee InTouch Weekly , OK! Joornaal , daabacaadda Julaay 2008 ee Majaladda Essence , Jam Style. wuxuuna lahaa afar bog oo ku faafay arrin ku saabsan Macy's . Waxay qaabaysay Gilt Groupe iyo Macy's buug-yaraha khadka tooska ah. Waxay sidoo kale u qaabaysay Dereon , Apple Bottoms , Baby Phat , iyo Jacaylka Jacaylka ee Macy's. Stowers waxay olole kula jireen Dharka Garage ee khadkooda Gu'ga 2009. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay aroosadda casriga ah ee Febraayo/Maarso 2009. Stowers waxay u socdeen Tibi ee Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Dayrta 2008, Peter Som's Bill Blass Fall 2008 Collection at Saks Fifth Avenue April 2, 2008, Carson Kressley's Safilo USA Gu'ga / Xagaaga '08 Naqshadeeyaha Indho-sharafeedka ee Vision12 , Bari 2 Toddobaadka moodada NYC, oo sidoo kale muujisay nolosheyda sida CoverGirl xayeysiisyada, Bandhiga Fashion GenArt ee Jennifer Mary, Billabong's 2nd Design Design for Humanity show show in Los Angeles, iyo Pamella Roland at New York Fashion Week , waxayna u furtay show dhaba-mareen Versace ah . Stowers waxay u socdeen xeebta Bunny Swimwear iyo Lana Fuchs ee Los Angeles Fashion Week Guga/Xagaaga 2009. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Bandhigga Tyra Banks ee qaybta cinwaankeedu yahay Tina Knowles modeling in a House of Dereon fashion show. ===Ku-simaha=== 2013, Stowers waxaa loo tuuray gabadha Angie Hubbard ( Debbi Morgan ), Cassandra Foster ee sii wadida Beerta Prospect ee Dhammaan Carruurtayda , waxay samaysay kulankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay ee Abriil 30, 2013 Bishii Maarso 2015, martida Stowers ayaa xiddig ka ahaa dhacdo ka mid ah bandhigga qoyska ABC, loo beddelay Dhalashada sidii Tara. Bishii Juun 2015, Stowers waxay ku biireen kabka Maalmaha Nolosheenna ee doorka Lani Price Waxay samaysay muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Sebtember 25, 2015 Isla sanadkaas, waxay marti-galisay qayb ka mid ah Dambiyada waaweyn sida Heather. 2016, waxay ku soo noqnoqotay Caged sida Shawna Carlson. 2017, waxaa lagu tuuray doorka hogaamineed ee Krista filim lagu magacaabo "Tomboy", iyo sidoo kale Josie Miller ee taxanaha "Beyond Therapy Sannadkii 2018-kii, waxay marti-galisay qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka The Fosters as Priya. ==Dhibcaha ku-simaha== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Filim |- ! Sannadka ! Ciwaanka ! Doorka ! class="unsortable" | Xusuusin |- |2006 |''Talking with the Taxman About Poetry'' |Steven's Girlfriend | |- |2013 |''Jaded the Series'' |Jade |Short film |- | 2017 | ''Tomboy'' | Krista | Lead role |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Telefishanka |- ! Sannadka ! Ciwaanka ! Doorka ! class="unsortable" | Xusuusin |- |2006 |''[[Ugly Betty]]'' | Girl and model in elevator | 2 episodes |- | rowspan="2"| 2012 |''[[The Exes]]'' |Model |1 episode |- |''[[Mr. Box Office]]'' | Johari Jones |1 episode |- | rowspan="2"| 2013 |''[[New Girl]]'' | Yeah, Yeah, Yeah Girl |1 episode |- |''[[All My Children]]'' |[[Cassandra Foster]] | 42 episodes |- | rowspan="2"| 2015 |''[[Switched at Birth (TV series)|Switched at Birth]]'' |Tara |1 episode |- |''[[Major Crimes (TV series)|Major Crimes]]'' |Heather |1 episode |- | 2015 - Present |''[[Days of Our Lives]]'' |[[Lani Price]] |Series regular 2015 - 2022 Recurring 2023 - present |- | 2016 | ''Caged'' | Shawna Carlson | 5 episodes |- | 2017 | ''[[Michael Bolton's Big, Sexy Valentine's Day Special]]'' | Virtual Pharmacist | Variety special |- | 2018 | ''[[The Fosters (2013 TV series)|The Fosters]]'' | Priya | 1 episode |- | 2021 | ''[[Days of Our Lives: Beyond Salem]]'' | Lani Price | Miniseries |} ==Tixraac== [http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/saleisha-stowers-wins-america-next-top-model-ninth-season-6254.php "Saleisha Stowers ayaa ku guuleysatay xilli ciyaareedkii sagaalaad ee moodelka xiga ee Ameerika"] [http://www.soapoperadigest.com/content/sal-stowers-days "SAL TUBEES TO MAALMAHA"] [https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/tv/top-model-winner-is-ready-to-face-the-spotlight Guuleystaha "Top Model" wuxuu diyaar u yahay inuu wajaho iftiinka"] [http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/top-model-saleisha-stowers-defends-prior-tyra-banks-relationship-6264.php "Model Sare Saleisha Stowers Waxay Difaacday Xidhiidhkii Bangiyada Tyra Ka Hor"] [http://www.buddytv.com/articles/americas-next-top-model/americas-next-top-model-the-ch-14734.aspx "Modelka Sare ee Xiga Ameerika: Muranka "Qishka"] [http://www.wireimage.com/GalleryListing.asp?navtyp=gls====312196&nbc1=118 "Carson Kressley's Safilo USA Gu'ga/Xagaaga '08"] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://soapcentral.com/amc/news/2013/0225-stowers.php "Guulaystaha Model ee ugu sarreeya Sal Stowers wuxuu u tuuray sidii Cassandra Foster"] {{Wayback|url=http://soapcentral.com/amc/news/2013/0225-stowers.php |date=20210508231446 }} [https://daytimeconfidential.com/2013/02/26/americas-next-top-model-winner-sal-stowers-excited-about-gig-on-new-all-my-children "Guulaystaha Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee ku xiga Sal Stowers "Waan ku faraxsanahay" Gig on All My Children'].[https://soaphub.com/actors/sal-stowers/ "Sal Stowers Biography"] {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:2773575|Sal Stowers]] ee [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] ga6lg9kzyomxz9us38e4loo383rzqcs Xaliima Axmed 0 43310 312283 298871 2026-11-11T09:32:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Xaliima Axmed |birthname = Xaliima Axmed |image = Halimaahmed4.jpg |image_size = |caption = Xaliimo Axmed 2012 [[World Economic Forum]] ee [[Addis Ababa]]. |birth_date = |birth_place = [[Soomaaliya]] |death_date = |death_place = |occupation = Dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasiga |spouse = |alma_mater = [[Dugsiga Diblomaasiyadda iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ee Geneva]] }} '''Halima Ahmed''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Xaliima Axmed ) waa gabar u dhaqdhaqaaqda siyaasadda [[Soomaaliya]]. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Axmed wuxuu ku dhashay Soomaaliya . Waxbarshadeeda dugsiga sare ka dib, waxay shahaadada Bachelor of Arts in International Relations ka qaadatay Dugsiga Geneva ee Diblomaasiyadda iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah , oo ah ganacsi faa'iido doon ah oo aqoonsi la'aanta jaamacadeed ay hoos geysay iftiinka warbaahinta ==Xirfad== Axmed waxay shaqadeeda ka bilawday Xarunta Dhaqancelinta Dhallinyarada ee Muqdisho , caasimadda Soomaaliya . Shaqaadeedii ay halkaas ka haysay waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay wax ka qabato kooxaha ka soo goostay dowladda Soomaaliya Ka dib waxa ay noqotay musharrax u tartami doona baarlamaanka cusub ee Federaalka Soomaaliya ,oo la caleema saaray Agoosto 2012. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Hodan Axmed]] ==Xusuusin== [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/geneva-private-universities-come-under-the-spotlight/47786510 "Jaamacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee Geneva waxay soo hoos galaan iftiinka"] [https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/13238587-a-geneve-des-universites-privees-proposent-des-formations-onereuses-non-reconnues-par-les-autorites-academiques-suisses.html "A Genève, des universités privées soo jeedin des formations onéreuses non reconnues par les autorités académiques suisses"] [https://fr.news.yahoo.com/%C3%A0-gen%C3%A8ve-universit%C3%A9s-priv%C3%A9es-pratiques-101507073.html "À Genève, des "universités" privées aux pratiques douteuses"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228051752/http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ "Qatayaasha Darajada Sharafta ah"] [http://www.weforum.org/contributors/halima-ahmed "Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka - Xaliimo Axmed"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay Oo Ka Hadlay Furitaanka Baarlamaanka Cusub Ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhi Ah"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220190639/https://www.globalshapers.org/shapers/halima-ahmed Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka: Global Shapers Community - Xaliimo Axmed] kpy92j9qgoxbhv0v5f4651p0sddwmat Cali Cabdi 0 43351 312201 298808 2026-11-10T23:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Cali Cabdi | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = [[July 5 1955]] | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = | nationality = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]]-[[Kanada|Kanadiyaan]] | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Concordia (Montreal)|Jaamacadda Concordia]] & [[McGill University]] | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = “Waxbarashada Soomaaliya: Taariikh, Burbur iyo baaqyo dib u dhis” (1998); "Waxbarashada iyo siyaasadda farqiga: fikradaha Kanadiyaanka" (2013) oo leh Ratna Ghosh; "Falsafadaha waxbarashada oo laga dumiyo" (2011) | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | website = | portaldisp = }} '''Cali Cabdi''' waa Soomaali-Kanadiyaan cilmiga bulshada iyo waxbarashada. Hadda, waa borofisar ku takhasusay waxbarashada horumarinta bulshada ee Waaxda Waxbarashada Waxbarashada ee Jaamacadda British Columbia ee Vancouver , Canada, halkaas oo uu hore uga soo shaqeeyay madaxa waaxda. Intaa ka hor, waxa uu bare ka ahaa Waxbarashada Caalamiga ah iyo Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Jaamacadda Alberta ee Edmonton, Alberta , Canada, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ka soo shaqeeyay aasaasihii aasaasaha Xarunta Waxbarashada iyo Cilmi-baarista Muwaadiniinta Caalamiga ah (CGCER). Waa madaxweynihii hore ee Isbarbardhigga iyo Bulshada Waxbarashada Caalamiga ah ee Kanada (CIESC). Intaa waxaa dheer, isagu waa tifaftiraha aasaasaha / isku-duwaha daabacaadaha internetka ee dib-u-eegista lagu sameeyay ee Joornaalka Arrimaha Casriga ah ee Waxbarashada iyo Dhaqanka iyo Barashada Barashada . ==Xirfad== Cali waxa uu cilmiga bulshada ka qaatay Jaamacadda Concordia ee Montreal , halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku qaatay shahaadada MA ee cilmiga siyaasadda isagoo diiradda saaraya siyaasadda guud. Waxa uu qaatay shahaadada Ph.D. waxbarashada horumarinta caalamiga ah ee Jaamacadda McGill . Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay Cali waxa uu ka soo shaqeeyay mashaariic cilmi baadhiseed oo caalami ah oo laga kala qabtay Soomaaliya , Kenya , Koonfur Afrika , Senegal , iyo Zambia isaga oo ah cilmi-baare, agaasime barnaamij ama wax ku biiriye mashruuc Waxa uu wax ka qoray - oo dhinacyo kala duwan leh - siyaasadda Soomaaliya, waxbarashada Soomaaliya iyo waxbarashada guud iyo horumarinta ee xaaladda guud ee Afrika, iyo sidoo kale arrimaha kale ee bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee khuseeya wanaagga bulsho ee qaaradda iyo xaaladaha ka saarida aqoonta. ==Waxbarashada== *BA (cum laude) cilmiga bulshada, Jaamacadda Concordia, Montreal *MA Sayniska Siyaasadda, Jaamacadda Concordia, Montreal *Ph.D waxbarashada horumarinta caalamiga ah, Jaamacadda McGill, Montreal ==Tixraac== [http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/educationhistory/Int_AliABdi.cfm Ali Abdi - Kulliyada Waxbarashada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/educationhistory/Int_AliABdi.cfm |date=20110112101136 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20170330204529/http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/JCIE "Journal of Issues Modern in Education"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301102932/http://multicultural.educ.ubc.ca/projects.html "David Lam Gudoomiyaha Waxbarashada Dhaqamada Kala Duwan"] [http://www.blackincanada.com/2010/07/31/ali-abdi/ "Cali A. Cabdi"] 9tkrgzsjufh1n7ew8d8c14oq86bux0o Kinza Malik 0 43398 312241 297508 2026-11-11T04:25:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kinza Malik | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = کنزہ ملک | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Kinza Malik Awan | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|3|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Bakistaan]] | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 1990 – hada | children = 3 }} '''Kinza Malik''' waa jilaa Pakistani ah . waxa ay caan ku tahay doorkeeda riwaayadaha Qayamat , Sammi , Alif Allah Aur Insaan , Ishqiya , Phaans iyo Neeli Zinda Hai . ==Nolosha hore== Waxay ku dhalatay 8 March 1972 magaalada Lahore ee dalka Pakistan . ==Xirfad== 1990-kii ayay ka soo muuqatay jilid ahaan PTV waxayna ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha PTV Waxaa lagu xusay doorkeeda riwaayadaha Adhi Dhoop , Chingarian , Kalmoohi iyo Bhool Waxay kaloo kasoo muuqatay riwaayadaha Gustakh Ishq , Aik Thi Rania , Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila , Ishq Tamasha , Sammi iyo Alif Allah Aur Insaan Tan iyo markaas waxay ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Sanwari , Baandi , Saraab , Lashkara , Qayamat , Ishqiya iyo Neeli Zinda Hai , Phaans Sannadkii 2011 ayay kasoo muuqatay filimkii Khamosh Raho . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Kinza waa xaas waxayna leedahay saddex caruur ah. ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |2004 | ''Pooray Chaand Ki Raat'' | Chachi Jannat | rowspan="15" | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2005 | ''Adhi Dhoop'' | Iqra |- |2006 | ''Chingaarian'' | Aliya Begum |- |2009 | ''[[Mishaal]]'' | Saifunnisa |- |2010 | ''[[Kalmoohi (2010 TV series)|Kalmooni]]'' | Safia |- | rowspan="2" |2011 | ''Afsar Be-Kar-E-Khas'' | Shakeela |- | ''Namak'' | Safia |- | rowspan="4" |2012 | ''Dasht-e-Muhabbat'' | Hamida |- | ''Wafa Hum Nibhain Gay'' | Zartaj Begum |- | ''Khalida Ki Walida'' | Naila |- | ''Zindagi Ki Rah Mein'' | Shehla |- | rowspan="5" |2013 | ''Bhool''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dai.ly/xxt4ya | title=Dailymotion }}</ref> | Mona |- | ''Mera Ishq Bhi Tu'' | Zeba Begum |- | ''Muhabbat Waham Hai'' | Seemi |- | ''[[Heer Ranjha (TV series)|Heer Ranjha]]'' | Rani |- | ''Chadar'' | Samar | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2014 | ''[[Ladoon Mein Pali]]'' | Bisma's mother | [[Geo TV]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 | ''Maamta'' | Zainab | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Pardes (2015 TV series)|Pardes]]'' | Arslan's mother | [[Hum Sitaray]] |- |2016 | ''[[Bhai (TV series)|Bhai]]'' | Sajida | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- | rowspan="7" |2017 | ''[[Farz (drama)|Farz]]'' | Mehak's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- | ''[[Aik Thi Rania]]'' | Kausar | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/241636-Aik-Thi-Rania-Manto-and-Zamany-Manzil-ky-Maskharay-start-today-on-Geo-TV|title='Aik Thi Rania' 'Manto' and 'Zamany Manzil ky Maskharay' start today on Geo TV|website=The News International|date=1 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Mohabbat Khawab Safar]]'' | Mustafa's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Gustakh Ishq]]'' | Mumtaz | [[Urdu 1]] |- | ''[[Sammi (TV series)|Sammi]]'' | Bilquis | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Alif Allah Aur Insaan]]'' | Razia |- | ''[[Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila]]'' | Tullo |- | rowspan="4" |2018 | ''[[Lashkara]]'' | Bubly's mother | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Ishq Tamasha]]'' | Rushna's aunt | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Sanwari]]'' | Ujala's mother |- | ''[[Baandi]]'' | Farhan's mother |- | rowspan="4" |2019 | ''[[Inkaar (TV series)|Inkaar]]'' | Zulekha | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/515336-inkaar-concludes-after-a-riveting-run|title=Inkaar concludes after a riveting run|website=The News International|date=18 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Aas (TV series)|Aas]]'' | Atiya | TV One |- | ''[[Bharam]]'' | Saima Afaaq | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Mehboob Aapke Qadmon Main]]'' | Sunaina's mother |- | rowspan="3" |2020 | ''[[Saraab]]'' | Asfandyar's mother |- | ''[[Ishqiya (TV series)|Ishqiya]]'' | Mrs. Siddique | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Chamak Damak'' | Rameen's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | rowspan="6" |2021 | ''[[Qayamat (TV series)|Qayamat]]'' | Afiyah | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/episode-1-qayamat-aims-to-address-more-than-one-social-issue|title=Episode 1: Qayamat aims to address more than one social issue|website=Something Haute|date=12 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 2]]'' | Salma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Phaans]]'' | Shakeela | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2020/11/05/zara-sami-shahzad-phaans|title=Zara Noor Abbas To Star Alongside Sami Khan And Shahzad Sheikh In 'Phaans'|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=13 May 2021|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=17 Bisha Todobaad 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717232421/https://galaxylollywood.com/2020/11/05/zara-sami-shahzad-phaans/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incpak.com/entertainment/zara-noor-abbas-sami-khan-shahzad-sheikh-phaans|title=Zara Noor Abbas, Sami Khan & Shahzad Sheikh to star in 'Phaans'|website=IncPak|date=4 May 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Neeli Zinda Hai]]'' | Meharbano | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somethinghaute.com/teaser-review-neeli-zinda-hai-featuring-mohib-mirza-sonia-mishal-urwa-hocane-looks-interesting|title=Teaser Review: Neeli Zinda Hai featuring Mohib Mirza, Sonia Mishal & Urwa Hocane looks interesting|website=Something Haute|date=14 May 2021|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=8 Bisha Todobaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708080015/https://somethinghaute.com/teaser-review-neeli-zinda-hai-featuring-mohib-mirza-sonia-mishal-urwa-hocane-looks-interesting/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1629123|title=That Week That Was Neeli Zinda Hai|website=Dawn News|date=4 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Bechari Qudsia]]'' | Hajra | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mohabbat Daagh Ki Soorat'' | Mohsina | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cutacut.com/2021/08/04/teaser-for-mohabbat-dagh-ki-soorat-is-here|title=Teaser for Mohabbat Dagh Ki Soorat is here|website=Cutacut|date=1 September 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2022 | ''Mein Aisi Kiun Hun'' | Zara's mother | [[Express Entertainment]] |- | ''Yeh Na Thi Hamari Qismat'' | Shireen | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 4]]'' | Noshi's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Wabaal]]'' | Faraz's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Guddu (TV series)|Guddu]]'' | Safiya | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Qalandar (TV series)|Qalandar]]'' | Rahat |- | ''Mere Damad'' | Arbaaz's mother | rowspan="2" | [[Hum TV]] |- | rowspan="6" |2023 | ''Kacha Dhaga'' | Maya's mother |- | ''Heer Da Hero'' | Marina | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Jeevan Nagar'' | Zulekha | Green Entertainment |- | ''Khumar'' | Atiya (Extended Special Appearance) | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Adawat'' | Rashida | rowspan="2" | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Jaan-e-Jahan'' | Abida |- | rowspan="7" |2024 | ''Ishqaway'' | Suraiya | rowspan="6" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Bayhadh'' | Azra |- | ''Jaan Nisar'' | Fehmida |- | ''Girhein'' | Samina |- | ''Tauba'' | Farzana |- | ''Ishq Hua'' | Maheen |- | ''Aye Ishq-e-Junoon'' | Kulsoom | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jang.com.pk/en/25349-ushna-shah-debuts-her-superstar-babies-in-hit-drama-aye-ishq-e-junoon-news|title=Ushna Shah debuts her 'superstar babies' in hit drama 'Aye Ishq E Junoon'|website=Daily Jang News|date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 | ''Humraaz'' | Farheen | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Pathar Dil'' | Nargis |} ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2023 | ''Fakhroo Ki Dulhaniya'' | Naila |- |2024 | ''Jodi Ban Gayi'' | Nasreen |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2011 | ''[[Khamosh Raho]]'' | Malkin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/03/05/from-the-set-of-khamosh-raho|title=From the set of Khamosh Raho|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=15 May 2021|access-date=4 June 2021|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421020350/https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/03/05/from-the-set-of-khamosh-raho/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2011/04/10/khamosh-raho-releasing-on-10th-june|title="Khamosh Raho" releasing on 10th June|website=Galaxy Lollywood|date=16 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:3882790|Kinza Malik]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] [https://www.instagram.com/kinzamalikawan/ Kinza Malik] ayaa ku jirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram]] oeobp924x6x2mxbeimvuczb8uaoz1wr Ubaida Ansari 0 43400 312271 296785 2026-11-11T08:13:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = | image = | alt = | caption = Ubaida Ansari | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1944|07|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Hindiya]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|03|21|1944|07|25|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], [[Bakistaan]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Karachi]] | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 1960–2014 | children = 2 }} '''Ubaida Ansari''' (1944–2014) waxay ahayd jilaa Pakistani ah Waxay jishay riwaayado badan oo telefishan ah Waxay caan ku ahayd doorkeeda riwaayadaha Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah , Yeh Zindagi Hai , Meri Saheli Meri Humjoli , Rehai iyo Zard Mausam . ==Nolosha hore== Ubaida waxa uu ku dhashay 1944 waxa uu ku dhashay Aligarh ee Uttar Pradesh ee British India ==Xirfad== 1960kii waxay ka shaqo bilowday Radio Pakistan ee Lahore Waxaa lagu xusi jiray codkeeda sare iyo shaqadeeda riwaayadaha Zeenat , Khala Kulsoom Ka Kumba iyo Tum Hi To Ho Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Saagar Ka Ansoo , Xatooyo iyo Mera Muqaddama Tum Laro Gay Sannadkii 1998 ayay kasoo muuqatay filimkii Jinnah Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay riwaayadaha Yeh Zindagi Hai iyo Yeh Zindagi Hai Season 2 oo ah Kulsoom oo ahaa taxanihii telefishinka ee ugu muddada dheer Waxay markii dambe ka soo muuqatay riwaayado kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah , Zard Mausam iyo Rehai . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Ubaida waxay ahayd xaas waxayna lahayd laba caruur ah. ==Xanuun iyo dhimasho== Waxay ku dhimatay da'da 69 jir 21-kii Maarso 2014 magaalada Karach ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- |1982 | ''[[Ankahi]]'' | Nurse | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1985 | ''[[Karawaan]]'' | Chanal | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1985 | ''Guriya'' | Sister | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1986 | ''Saaey'' | Bua Begum | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1988 | ''Saagar Ka Ansoo'' | Raeesani | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1988 | ''Sirriyan'' | Bua | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1989 | ''Aab O Saraab'' | Khalateje | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1990 | ''Stolen'' | Ayah | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1991 | ''[[Aahat (Pakistani TV series)|Aahat]]'' | Doctor Sahiba | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1991 | ''[[Zeenat (TV series)|Zeenat]]'' | Zeenat's Amma | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1992 | ''Manzilein Aur bhi'' | Fehmida's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1993 | ''Mera Nam Hai Muhabbat'' | Shama | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1994 | ''Rasm-E-Wafa'' | Jahanzeb's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1995 | ''[[Chand Grehan]]'' | Mai Bhagaa | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1996 | ''Tum Meray Pass Raho'' | Nani | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |1998 | ''[[Dhoop Mein Sawan]]'' | Rani | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2000 | ''Mera Muqaddam Tum Lado Gay'' | Sumsha's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2000 | ''Main Hu Na'' | Khala | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2000 | ''[[Zaib-un-Nisa (TV series)|Zaib-un-Nisa]]'' | Rubina | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2000 | ''Mardangi Ka Takhaza'' | Jameel's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2003 | ''Tum Hi To Ho'' | Jameela | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2004 | ''Janey Do'' | Chand's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2006 | ''Tehrik-e-Niswan'' | Ahmed's mother | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2007 | ''Buri Aurat'' | Barkaten | [[Geo TV]] |- |2008 | ''[[Yeh Zindagi Hai]]'' | Kulsoom | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- |2009 | ''Abhi Door Hai Kinara'' | Tameezni | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2010 | ''Khala Kulsoom Ka Kumba'' | Mehmona | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- |2012 | ''[[Mohabbat Jaye Bhar Mein]]'' | Zubeida's sister-in-law | [[Hum TV]] |- |2012 | ''Dehleez'' | Rajjo | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2012 | ''[[Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah]]'' | Nunhi | [[ARY Digital]] |- |2012 | ''[[Zard Mausam]]'' | Suriya | [[Hum TV]] |- |2012 | ''[[Meri Saheli Meri Humjoli]]'' | Sabiha | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2013 | ''Pul Ke Uss Paar'' | Gulrukh | [[Urdu 1]] |- |2013 | ''[[Rehaai]]'' | Ammi Jan | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/354672/tackling-societal-issues-through-televised-stories|title=Tackling societal issues through televised stories|website=Daily Times|date=8 March 2021|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=18 Bisha Sideedaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818035852/https://dailytimes.com.pk/354672/tackling-societal-issues-through-televised-stories/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2013 | ''[[Yeh Zindagi Hai|Yeh Zindagi Hai Season 2]]'' | Kulsoom | [[Geo Entertainment]] |} ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka |- |1981 | ''Panah'' | Noor Bano |- |1995 | ''Gul Phenke Hein'' | Aaya |- |2013 |''Lady Boxer'' | Muneer's mother |- |2014 | ''Shadi Karage'' | Aapa |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |1998 | ''[[Jinnah (film)|Jinnah]]'' | Ayah |} ==Tixraac== [https://tribune.com.pk/article/16798/quddusi-sahab-ki-bewah-will-have-you-in-fits-of-laughter "Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah Waxay Kugu Yeelan Doontaa Qosol"] [https://reviewit.pk/senior-artist-ubaida-ansari-is-no-more-with-us "Fanaanka sare Ubaida Ansari nalama joogo] [http://kashf.org/?newsandevents=tv-show-kashf-foundation-and-md-productions-bring-rehaii "TV Show: Kashf Foundation iyo MD Productions waxay keeneen Rehaai iyo Kashf"] {{Wayback|url=http://kashf.org/?newsandevents=tv-show-kashf-foundation-and-md-productions-bring-rehaii |date=20241225002420 }} [https://aurora.dawn.com/news/1141721 "Ciddidaynta farshaxanka hab-dhaqanka bulshada ayaa beddela xidhiidhka"] [https://tribune.com.pk/story/757618/transitions-actor-maqsood-hassan-passes-away-at-67 "Xil: Jilaaga Maqsood Hassan oo ku geeriyooday da'da 67] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240818035852/https://dailytimes.com.pk/354672/tackling-societal-issues-through-televised-stories/ "In arrimaha bulshada lagula tacaalo sheekooyinka telefishinka"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:6933837|Ubaida Ansari]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] i1qjfx56ga4so8fth7lxrd0s7p38e35 Zainab Shabbir 0 43406 312294 296260 2026-11-11T09:50:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zainab Shabbir | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|06|26|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Zainab Shabbir celebrates 24th birthday with drama cast |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/28-Jun-2023/zainab-shabbir-celebrates-24th-birthday-with-drama-cast |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Daily Pakistan Global |language=en}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Karachi]], Bakistaan | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = [[Shahaadada Bachelor ee Ganacsiga]]<ref name=gulf/> | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 2018–hada | spouse = | relatives = | known_for = ''[[Sanwari]]''<br/>''Emaan''<ref name=gulf/> }} '''Zainab Shabbir''' (waxay dhalatay 26 Juun 1998) waa jilaa telefishan Pakistan ah . Waxay caan ku tahay inay ka soo muuqato riwaayadaha Sanwari , Piya Naam Ka Diya , Malaal-e-Yaar , Haqeeqat , Makafaat , Dikhawa , Mehar Posh , iyo Yaar Na Bichray . Waxaa markii ugu dambeysay lagu arkay Sonia Fareb (2023). ==Xirfad== Sannadkii 2018, Shabbir waxaa doortay Momina Duraid iyo Sultana Siddiqui oo ka tirsan Shabakadda Hum si ay ugu jisho doorka taageerada ee Ismaaciil ee Hum TV 's Maa Sadqay Kadib waxay ku jishay doorka Ujala ee Sanwari ee ay kula jirto Usama Khan taaso ay ku mutaysatay abaal marinta atariishada saabuunta ugu wanagsan ee Hum Awards Shabbir ayaa maqaarkeeda midabeeyay dhowr hadh oo ka madow mashruuca 180-xaj ee orodka. Dabeecaddeeda, dhar cad, gabadh dabaqad dhexe ah, waxay soo xasuusisay Sanam Saeed 's Kashaf ee riwaayaddii caanka ahayd ee 2012 Zindagi Gulzar Hai Sannadkii 2019, waxaa loo tuuray inay noqoto jileyaasha haweenka xooggan oo madaxbannaan ee LTN 's Emaan oo u orday 73 qaybood Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay Aaliya gudaha Saleem Ghanchi's Piya Naam Ka Diya oo ay weheliso Saniya Shamshad iyo Farhan Malhi , iyo iyadoo Minhal ku jirta Asad Jabal Malaal-e-Yaar oo ay weheliso Azekah Daniel iyo Mirza Zain Baig. Midda dambe waxay ahayd guul ganacsi iyo guul muhiim ah Shabbir waxa uu muqaal gaar ah ka sameeyay taxanaha suugaanta ee Xaqqat Sannadkii 2020, Zainab waxay ka soo muuqatay doorka taageerada ee Ayat ee 7th Sky Entertainment 's Mehar Posh oo u soo baxday mid ka mid ah bandhigyada Pakistan ee ugu sarreeya ee 2020 Waxay la shaqeysay jilayaasha caanka ah Ayeza Khan , Danish Taimoor , Ali Abbas , Sania Saeed iyo Rehan Sheikh intii lagu jiray taxanaha. ==Telefishanka== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|lDoorka ! scope="col"|Xusuusin ! scope="col"|Tixraac |- | 2018 | ''Maa Sadqay'' | Eshmal | Acting Debut | |- | 2018 |''[[Sanwari]]'' | Ujala | |<ref name=gulf>{{Cite web|title=Meet Pakistani cinema's stars of tomorrow|url=https://gulfnews.com/photos/entertainment/meet-pakistani-cinemas-stars-of-tomorrow-1.1583667303547|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Gulf News]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Piya Naam Ka Diya]]'' | Aaliya | |<ref name=malaal2>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-14|title=زینب شبیر کی نئی ڈرامہ سیریل "ملال یار" کے ٹیزر آن ائیر|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/14-Jul-2019/993239|access-date=2020-06-08|website=[[Daily Pakistan]]|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608164051/https://dailypakistan.com.pk/14-Jul-2019/993239|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Emaan'' | Emaan | |<ref name=gulf/> |- | 2019 |''[[Malaal e Yaar|Malaal-e-Yaar]]'' | Minhal | |<ref name=malaal>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-30|title=زینب شبیر کی نئی ڈرامہ سیریل "ملال یار" کامیابی سے آن ایئر|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/30-Aug-2019/1014079|access-date=2020-06-08|website=[[Daily Pakistan]]|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608164054/https://dailypakistan.com.pk/30-Aug-2019/1014079|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2020 |''[[Mehar Posh]]'' |Ayat |Negative Role |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayeza Khan & Danish Taimoor reunite for 'Meher Posh'|url=https://nation.com.pk/03-Apr-2020/ayeza-khan-danish-taimoor-reunite-for-meher-posh|last=|first=|date=2020-04-03|website=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> |- |2021 |{{no wrap|''[[Yaar Na Bichray]]''}} |Palwasha | | |- |2021 |''Meray Apnay'' |Ramsha | | |- |2022 |''[[Teri Rah Mein]]'' |Emaan | | |- |2022 |''[[Mushkil (TV series)|Mushkil]]'' |Hareem |Negative Role | |- |2023 |''[[Nikah]]'' |Anoosha | | |- |2023 |''Fareb'' |Sonia | | |- |2025 |''Ism-e-Yaraan'' |Minha | | |} ===Muuqaalo gaar ah=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Xusuusin ! scope="col"|{{Tooltip|Tixraac|Reference(s)}} |- | 2019 |''[[Haqeeqat (2019 TV series)|Haqeeqat]]'' |Faaria |Episode "Janwar" | |- |2020 |''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat 2]]'' |Faryal |Episode "Mera Libas Ho Tum" |<ref>{{Citation|title=Makafaat {{!}} Second Season {{!}} Mera Libas Hu Tum {{!}} 29th April 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjCW1-QnH6o|language=en|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> |- |2020 |''[[Dikhawa]]'' |Moomal |Episode "Numaiesh" |<ref>{{Citation|title=Dikhawa Episode 13 ( Numaiesh ) {{!}} Ehsaas Ramzan {{!}} Iftaar Transmission {{!}} 7th May 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0EBWEsxoHI|language=en|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> |- |2020 |{{no wrap|''Lucky Kabootar''}} |Niraali |Telefilm | |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.instagram.com/zainabshabbir.11/ Zainab Shabbir ayaa] ku jirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram-keeda]] arqbqo2gmizsv8gde3j2ub9rtlygail Humaira Bano 0 43407 312233 296027 2026-11-11T03:18:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Humaira Bano | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|12|17|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Islamabad]], [[Bakistaan]] | education = Jaamacadda Islamabad | occupation = Jilaa | years_active = 2004 – hada | spouse = | children = 1 | relatives = }} '''Humaira Bano''' waa jilaa Pakistani ah. Waxay caan ku tahay doorarkeda Mere Humdam , Deewangi , Ishq Zahe Naseeb iyo Jhoot ==Nolosha hore== Humaira waxa ay ku dhalatay Islamabad , Pakistan 17 December 1971 . Waxbarashadiisa waxay ku dhammaysatay Jaamacadda Islamabad. Waxay ku biirtay warshadaha 2004. Waxa kale oo lagu xusay doorkeedii riwaayadaha Aik Thi Rania , Bholi Bano , Jugnoo , iyo Aas . Waxay caan ku tahay shaqadeeda riwaayadaha Mere Humdam , Mehar Posh , Ishq Zahe Naseeb , iyo Phir Wohi Mohabbat . ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Humaira waa la furay oo waxay leedahay hal wiil. ==Liiska Filimada== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka ! scope="col"|Shabakada |- | rowspan="2" |2013 | ''[[Gohar-e-Nayab]]'' | Nighat | [[A-Plus TV|A-Plus]] |- | ''[[Mohabat Subh Ka Sitara Hai]]'' | Sumaira | rowspan="8" | [[Hum TV]] |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''[[Kahani Raima Aur Manahil Ki]]'' | Asiya |- | ''[[De Ijazat Jo Tu]]'' | Faria |- | rowspan="4" |2015 | ''[[Jugnoo (TV series)|Jugnoo]]'' | Jugnoo's mother |- | ''[[Abro (serial)|Abro]]'' | Shahida |- | ''[[Gul-e-Rana (TV series)|Gul-e-Rana]]'' | Choti Phuppho |- | ''[[Ishq-e-Benaam (TV series)|Ishq-e-Benaam]]'' | Farah |- | rowspan="9" |2016 | ''[[Jhoot]]'' | Amna |- | ''[[Dekho Chaand Aaya]]'' | Shaheen | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Hum Sab Ajeeb Se Hain'' | Rabi | [[Aaj Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Bad Gumaan]]'' | Sania's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''Mera Kya Qasoor Tha'' | Sajida | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Gila (TV series)|Gila]]'' | Sarwat | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Izn-e-Rukhsat]]'' | Saira | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Shehrnaz]]'' | Sherry's mother | [[Urdu 1]] |- | ''[[Noor-e-Zindagi]]'' | Mehrunissa | [[Geo TV]] |- | rowspan="6" |2017 |''[[Dil Nawaz]]'' |Kiran's Mother |[[A-Plus TV]] |- |''[[Nazr-e-Bad]]'' | Salma | rowspan="2" |[[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Phir Wohi Mohabbat]]'' | Alishba mother |- | ''[[Bholi Bano]]'' | Zeenia's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Aik Thi Rania]]'' | Zarina | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/04-Oct-2017/aik-thi-rania-to-go-on-air-in-oct|title=Aik Thi Rania to go on air in Oct|website=The Nation|date=2 June 2020}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ghar Titli Ka Par]]'' | Razia | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | rowspan="3" |2018 | ''Aik Mohabbat Kaafi Hai'' | Ushna's mother | [[BOL Network|BOL Entertainment]] |- | ''Aye Dil Tu Bata'' | Aqsa's Mother | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/15-Feb-2019/926318|title=نئی ڈرامہ سیریل "اے دل تو بتا"کامیابی کے ساتھ آن ائیر|website=Daily Pakistan|date=16 February 2020|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=12 Bisha Saddexaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312061931/https://dailypakistan.com.pk/15-Feb-2019/926318|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ki Jaana Main Kaun]]'' | Saira Ansari | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/320847-faizan-khawaja-on-his-next-tv-play-nisbat|title=Faizan Khawaja on his next TV play, Nisbat|website=The News International|date=7 May 2019}}</ref> |- | rowspan="12" |2019 | ''[[Mere Humdam]]'' | Usama's mother | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Dil-e-Gumshuda]]'' | Nadeem's mother | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/15-Nov-2019/-dil-e-gumshuda-scores-high|title=Dil-e-Gumshuda scores high|publisher=The Nation|date=3 June 2020}}</ref> |- | ''[[Juda Na Hona]]'' | Samaha's Mother | TV One |- | ''[[Aas (TV serial)|Aas]]'' | Hania's mother | [[PTV Home|PTV]] |- | ''[[Mera Rab Waris]]'' | Nadia's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Aas (TV drama)|Aas]]'' | Hania's mother | TV One |- | ''[[Ishq Zahe Naseeb]]'' | Gohar's mother | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailypakistan.com.pk/03-Sep-2019/1015973|title=نئی ڈرامہ سیریل "عشق زہے نصیب" کامیابی کے ساتھ آن ائیر|website=Daily Pakistan|date=2 October 2019|access-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-date=12 Bisha Saddexaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312133047/https://dailypakistan.com.pk/03-Sep-2019/1015973|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''[[Haqeeqat (2019 TV series)|Haqeeqat]]'' | Inayat's wife | [[A-Plus TV|A Plus]] |- | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat]]'' | Mother | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Malaal-e-Yaar]]'' | Samreen Wajahat | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''[[Dolly Darling]]'' | Dolly's friend mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Deewangi]]'' | Haroon's mother | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/585145-geo-s-new-serial-deewangi-starts-today|title=Geo's new serial 'Deewangi' starts today|publisher=The International News|date=4 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/578976-geo-s-new-serial-deewangi-all-set-to-win-hearts|title=Geo's new serial 'Deewangi' all set to win hearts|publisher=The International News|date=5 June 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2020 | ''[[Dikhawa]]'' | Nausheen | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''[[Mehar Posh]]'' | Kaneez | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incpak.com/entertainment/meherposh-last-episode-airs-tonight|title=Meherposh last episode airs tonight|website=INCPak|date=8 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1581750|title=That Week That Was Mehar Posh|website=Dawn News|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> |- | ''[[Umeed (TV series)|Umeed]]'' | Tamanna | [[Geo TV]] |- | ''Tera Ghum Aur Hum'' | Shagufta | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''Aulaad'' | Rakhshanda | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.incpak.com/entertainment/top-10-best-pakistani-dramas-of-2021|title=Top 10 Best Pakistani Dramas of 2021|website=INCPak|date=18 December 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="7" |2021 | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 3]]'' | Madiha | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Rang Mahal (TV series)|Rang Mahal]]'' | Shakeela | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/897999-last-episode-of-rang-mahal-today-on-geo-tv|title=Last episode of 'Rang Mahal' today on Geo TV|website=The News International|date=12 January 2022}}</ref> |- | ''Mere Apne'' | Naheed | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''Mohabbat Daagh Ki Soorat'' | Khalida | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cutacut.com/2021/08/04/teaser-for-mohabbat-dagh-ki-soorat-is-here|title=Teaser for Mohabbat Dagh Ki Soorat is here|website=Cutacut|date=20 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Ishq Jalebi]]'' | Hassan's mother | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Banno (TV series)|Banno]]'' | Midhat | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/896177-geo-tv-s-new-drama-serial-banno-being-aired-from-today|title=Geo TV's new drama serial 'Banno' being aired from today|website=The News International|date=29 September 2021}}</ref> |- | ''[[Benaam (TV series)|Benaam]]'' | Haider's mother | [[ARY Digital]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/837647/nadia-hussain-and-komal-meer-talk-about-crying-during-filming|title=Nadia Hussain and Komal Meer talk about crying during filming|website=Daily Times|date=20 November 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="9" |2022 | ''[[Makafaat (TV series)|Makafaat Season 4]]'' | Aiman's mother | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Nisa'' | Kiran's mother |- | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem Season 2'' | Shagufta | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Chaudhry and Sons]]'' | Zulekha | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Guddu'' | Zehra |- | ''Bikhray Hain Hum'' | Rumaisa's mother | rowspan="3" | [[Hum TV]] |- | ''Bepanah'' | Shehla |- | ''Mere Damad'' | Saira |- | ''Hook'' | Zayyan's mother | [[ARY Digital]] |- | rowspan="6" |2023 | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 4]]'' | Kulsoom | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mehar Mah'' | Ghazala Begum | [[Express Entertainment]] |- | ''[[Jannat Se Aagay]]'' | Ms. Shamsi | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mera Afsar'' | Nasreen | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- | ''Mujhay Qabool Nahin'' | Saman | [[Geo TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fuchsiamagazine.com/mujhay-qabool-nahi-psycho-thriller-with-not-the-villain-ahsan-khan-madiha-imam-sami-khan/|title=Mujhay Qabool Nahi – Psycho Thriller With "NOT The Villain" Ahsan Khan, Madiha Imam & Sami Khan!|website=Fuchsia Magazine|date=November 24, 2023|access-date=Bisha Tobnaad 21, 2025|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 22, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222193927/https://fuchsiamagazine.com/mujhay-qabool-nahi-psycho-thriller-with-not-the-villain-ahsan-khan-madiha-imam-sami-khan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | ''Baylagaam'' | Salma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | rowspan="8" |2024 | ''Dard Dilon Kai'' | Kulsoom | [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] |- | ''Sirat-e-Mustaqeem Season 4'' | Mehroz's mother-in-law | [[ARY Digital]] |- | ''[[Dikhawa|Dikhawa Season 5]]'' | Shaheen | rowspan="3" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Mehroom'' | Nighat |- | ''Dil Ka Kya Karein'' | Zubaida |- | ''Jaan Nisar'' | Zunaira | [[Geo Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://harpalgeo.tv/program/Jaan-Nisar|title=Jaan Nisar|website=Har Pal Geo|date=October 28, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Hum Dono'' | Hajra | [[Hum TV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://humnews.pk/latest/509202/|title="ہم دونوں " نے ناظرین کی توجہ حاصل کرلی|website=Hum News|date=November 3, 2024}}</ref> |- | ''Mehshar'' | Najma | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | rowspan="5" |2025 | ''BOL Kahani'' | Shehnaz | [[BOL Network]] |- | ''Kathputli'' | Zulaikha | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Ishq Tum Se Hua'' | Bushra | Green Entertainment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF03mVYamVg|title=Ishq Tum Se Hua Episode 2 (Teaser)|website=Green Entertainment|date=April 15, 2025}}</ref> |- | ''Baray Bhaiya'' | Sarwat | rowspan="2" | [[Geo Entertainment]] |- | ''Pathar Dil'' | Arifa |} ===Filimka=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2021 | ''Principal Nadra 19 Grade'' | Shabnam's mother |- |2021 | ''Daadi Ka Daamad'' | Zaviyar's mother<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/867042-geo-network-s-programmes-on-eid|title=Geo Network's programmes on Eid|website=The News International|date=22 July 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 | ''Mera Ishrat Meri Marzi'' | Shagufta |} ===Filim=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"|Sanadka ! scope="col"|Ciwaanka ! scope="col"|Doorka |- |2017 | ''[[Rangreza]]'' | Gul-shah<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/09-Nov-2016/behind-the-scenes-with-movie-cast-of-rangreza-bilal-ashraf-amp-amp-urwa-hocane|title=Behind The Scenes with movie cast of 'Rangreza': Bilal Ashraf & Urwa Hocane|website=Daily Pakistan|date=22 November 2017}}</ref> |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.instagram.com/humairabano_official/ Humaira Bano ayaa] ku jirta [[Inistigaram|Instagram-ka]] [[imdbname:8182585|Humaira Bano]] iyo [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] 7d8du68j8qhhks8vlqxgpqwheg0pd1u Florian Reichstädter 0 43467 312226 311871 2026-11-11T02:17:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sailor | name = Florian Reichstädter | image = Team Austria - Olympic Games 2012 - reception at Hofburg a Florian Reichstädter.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = | fullname = | nickname = ''Reichi | nationality = {{AUT}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|7|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Vienna]], Austria | death_date = | death_place = | height = {{height|m=1.79|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|70|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | website = | country = | classes = [[Dinghy]] | club = Yacht Club Breitenbrunn | coach = Christian Binder | medaltemplates= | show-medals = haa }} '''Florian Reichstädter''' (wuxuu ku dhashay 3 Luulyo 1980 gudaha Vienna ) waa badmaax Austrian ah, oo ku takhasusay fasalka laba-qof ee dinghy ( 470 ) Wuxuu matalay Austria , oo uu weheliyo lammaanihiisa Matthias Schmid , laba qaybood oo Ciyaaraha Olombikada ah (2008 iyo 2012), wuxuuna sidoo kale tababar u soo qaadanayay Yacht Club Breitenbrunn ee Jarmalka inta badan xirfaddiisa isboorti ee uu hoos imanayo macallimiintiisa gaarka ah Alfred Pelinka iyo Christian Binder. Laga bilaabo Sebtembar 2013, Reichstadter waxa uu galay kaalinta labaad ee aduunka laba qof oo fasalka dinghy by the International Sailing Federation , ka dib guulihii uu ka soo hooyay Horyaalada Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Taxanaha Koobka Adduunka ee Sailing ee Miami, Florida , Maraykanka. Reichstadter waxa uu kulankiisii ​​ugu horeeyay si rasmi ah uga soo muuqday Ciyaaraha Olombikada Xagaaga ee 2008 ee Beijing , halkaas oo uu ku lammaaniyay xubinta markabka Matthias Schmid ee fasalka 470 ee ragga . Labada ciyaaryahan ee Australiya ayaa ku dhameystay kaalinta afar iyo labaatanaad iyagoo ku jira toban wareeg oo furitaan ah iyagoo dhaliyay 164 dhibcood, iyagoo ka dambeeya Tobias Etter oo Switzerland u dhashay iyo Felix Steiger oo cidhiidhi ah oo laba dhibcood u jira kala sareynta ugu dambeysa Ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ee 2012 ee London , Reichstadter wuxuu u tartamay markii labaad isagoo xubin ka ah kooxda 470 ee ragga isagoo dhammeeyay labaatan iyo kow iyo inuu boos ka helay ISAF World Championship ee Perth, Galbeedka Australia Mar kale oo ay Schmid kula soo biireen taxanihii furitaanka, labada Australiya ayaa hogaanka hore ku soo kordhiyey lugtii hore, laakiin waxay ku soo baxeen madal biladeedka iyagoo helay dhibco uruursan oo ah 107 dhibcood iyo kaalinta sagaalaad oo ay ku dhammeeyeen raxan ka kooban todoba iyo labaatan doonyood. Waxa uu tababare ahaan ugu soo shaqeeyay Rosa Donner iyo Sebastian Slivon kuwaas oo guulo ka gaadhay da'yarta 470 fasalka . ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20130501173922/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/reichstaedter-florian-1122224/ "Florian Reichstaedter"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130922180822/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/re/florian-reichstadter-1.html "Florian Reichstädter"] [https://archive.today/20130914092908/http://www.470.org/content.asp?id=5677 "470 North America Championship"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093316/http://kurier.at/sport/sportmix/oeoc-nominierte-69-athleten-fuer-olympia/792.712 "ÖOC nominierte 69 Athleten für Olympia"] [https://www.salzi.at/2012/05/florian-raudaschl-segelt-vor-falmouth-um-ein-olympiaticket/ Raudaschl segelt] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130530111345/http://www.london2012.com/sailing/event/470-men/phase%3Dsam005910/doc%3Dsummary.html "Ragga 470"] [http://derstandard.at/1343744183312/SchmidReichstaedter-als-Neunte-ins-Medal-Race "Schmid und Reichstädter als Neunte ins Medal Race"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241204173741/https://www.meinbezirk.at/kaernten/c-lokales/rosa-donner-holt-em-silber-fuer-kaernten_a5497765 "Bei zweiten 470er Junioren EM: Rosa Donner holt EM Silber für Kärnten"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.aut3.com/ Mareegta rasmiga ah] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aut3.com/ |date=20250812080440 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20241204173537/https://www.sailing.org/sailor/florian-reichstadter?ref=AUTFR1 Florian Reichstädter]oo ku sugan badmaaxinta Adduunka [https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/117858 Florian Reichstädter] ee Olympedia [https://olympics.com/en/athletes/florian-reichstaedter Florian Reichstaedter] ee Olympics.com [https://archive.today/20130914092931/http://www.2012.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=reichstaedter-florian-1122224/index.html Florian Reichstaedter oo jooga NBC 2012 shabakada Olombikada] 9yhshmnogepx5nq00sd2jedqw8ajpuj Arthur Kwizera 0 43537 312192 297114 2026-11-10T22:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Arthur Kwizera | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Uganda]] | death_date = | death_place = | education = {{blist | [[Jaamacadda Makerere]] ([[Shahaadada Bachelor ee Daawada iyo Qalliinka]]) ([[Shahaadada Master ee Daawada]] [[Anesteesiyooloji]] iyo [[Daawada Daryeelka Degdega ah|Daryeel Degdeg ah]]) | [[Jaamacadda British Columbia]] ([[Anesteesiyooloji|Felloowshib ee Anesteesiyoolojiga]]) | [[Jaamacadda Cambridge]] ([[Shahaadada Doctor ee Falsafadda]] ee [[Quful Neef-mareenka Degdegga ah]]) }} | occupation = [[Anesteesiyoolojiiste]], [[Takhasusle Daryeelka Degdegga ah]] | known_for = Anesteesi | title = Khadar Kula-taliye ee Anesteesiyoolojiga iyo Daryeelka Degdegga ah ee Cilmiyaasha Caafimaadka }} '''Arthur Kwizera''' waa khabiir suuxdin ah oo u dhashay Ugaandha iyo xoojinta , kaas oo u adeega sida bare sare ee suuxinta iyo daryeelka khatarta ah ee kuliyada Sayniska Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Makerere . Waxa kale oo uu isla markaaba u adeegaa sidii shaqaale xoojiye qaybta daryeelka degdega ah ee Cisbitaalka Qaranka ee Mulago Waa xubin ka tirsan Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Uganda guddiga la-talinta sayniska ee COVID-19. Wuxuu gudoomiye u yahay guddiga ku meel gaadhka ah, ee cilmi baarista, oo ku saleysan cadaymo ku saleysan cilmi baaris caalami ah oo la daabacay, kaas oo ogeysiiya go'aanada dalka ee ku saabsan masiibada . ==Taariikhda iyo waxbarashada== Kwizera waxa uu ku dhashay dalka Uganda,waxana uu ka baxay dugsiyo hoose/dhexe iyo sare. Kadib markii uu qaatay shahaadadii dugsiga sare waxa la dhigey kuliyada caafimaadka ee jaamacada Makerere oo ah tan ugu da'da weyn bariga afrika . Waxa uu halkaas kaga qalin jabiyay Bachelor of Medicine iyo Bachelor of Surgery . Tababarka ka dib, wuxuu dib ugu laabtay Makerere oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Master of Medicine ee suuxinta iyo daryeelka xasaasiga ah . Laga bilaabo Juun 2020, Kwizera waxa ay sii waddaa shahaadada Dhakhtarka Falsafadda oo ay si wadajir ah u kormeerayaan Jaamacadda Makerere iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Cilmi-baaristiisa PhD-da waxay diiradda saartaa cilladda neef-mareenka ee degdega ah iyo daaweynteeda, gaar ahaan waddamada kheyraadka hooseeya, sida Uganda. ==Xirfad== Sida bare jaamacadeed dugsigii caafimaadka ee ugu da'da weynaa ee dalka iyo sida xoogaystaha ah ee cusbitaalka ugu sareeya ee qaranka, Kwizera waa xirfadle caafimaad oo la go'aamiyay inuu horumariyo daryeelka caafimaadka iyada oo loo marayo cilmi baaris iyo heer sare caafimaad. Waa xubin ka mid ah dadaalka iskaashiga caalamiga ah, si loo baaro daryeelka degdega ah ee goobaha ku xaddidan kheyraadka iyadoo xoogga la saarayo maareynta sepsis-ka iyo sidoo kale suuxinta iyo waxbarashada daryeelka degdegga ah. Waxa uu horay u soo noqday Agaasimaha Xiriirka Dadweynaha iyo Isgaarsiinta ee Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Suuxdinta ee Uganda (AAU) intii u dhaxeysay 2015 iyo 2018. ==Tixgalino kale== Xirfadaha uu leeyahay awgeed, waxa uu xubin ka yahay Guddiga Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha ee Wasaaradda Caafimaadka kaas oo u xilsaaran in uu sameeyo ICUs ee shan iyo tobanka isbitaal ee Uganda ee tixraaca ah. Waxaa loo xilsaaray inuu ku taliyo qeexida qalabka saxda ah iyo qaabaynta qorshayaasha sagxada ICU-yada cosbitaaladan Dr. Kwizera, ayaa madax u ah Guddiga Qaranka ee Daryeelka Degdegga ah ee loo xilsaaray horumarinta Qorshaha Istiraatiijiyadda Daryeelka Degdegga ah ee Qaranka. Qorshahaas ayaa hagi doona ballaarinta awoodda daryeelka degdegga ah ee Uganda oo la gaarsiin doono ugu yaraan 4,000 oo sariirood oo daryeelka degdeg ah. Isaga, oo ay weheliyaan koox ka socota Jaamacadda Cambridge waxay horumarinayaan hawo-mareen si loogu isticmaalo meelaha adag ee lagu gaadho adduunka ==Tixraac== [https://www.cambridge-africa.cam.ac.uk/initiatives/thrive/thrive-2-fellows/mr-arthur-kwizera/ "Profile of Dr Arthur Kwizera"] [https://www.pmldaily.com/features/2020/06/dr-kwizera-an-anesthetist-facing-covid-19-head-on-in-uganda.html "Dr. Kwizera, suuxiye ku wajaha COVID-19 oo madax u ah Uganda"] [https://thrive.or.ug/background-2/thrive-2-fellows/cambridge/dr-arthur-kwizera/ "Thrive-2 Fellows PhD: Jaamacadda Cambridge : Dr. Arthur Kwizera"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://anesthesiaug.org/past-executive-members/ "Xubnaha Fulinta ee hore ee Ururka Dhakhaatiirta Suuxdinta ee Uganda (AAU): Arthur Kwizera, Xiriirka Dadweynaha iyo Isgaarsiinta (2015 - 2018)"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20250111210825/https://thrive.or.ug/background-2/ Ku saabsan barnaamijka Thrive iyo Shabakadda] [https://www.independent.co.ug/mulago-to-revise-icu-fees-amid-high-costs-in-private-facilities/ Mulago inuu dib u eegis ku sameeyo khidmadaha ICU iyada oo ay jirto kharashyo badan oo xarumaha gaarka loo leeyahay] Laga bilaabo 14ka Agoosto 2019. nx2yvyatrhdp90l68sok8am9ed8tekq Fiona Mwale 0 43736 312225 309862 2026-11-11T02:15:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fiona Mwale | image = Fiona Mwale ex US embassy Lilongwe.png | image_size = | caption = Mwale sanadka 2025 | birth_name = | birth_date = 30 October 1974 | birth_place = | death_date = | education = [[Jaamacadda Leeds]], [[Jaamacadda Warwick]] | employer = Guddiga Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Malawi iyo kuwa kale | occupation = Garsooraha Maxkamadda Sare | title = Cadaaladda | spouse = | nationality = [[Malawian]] }} '''Fiona Atupele Mwale''' (waxay dhalatay 30 Oktoobar 1974) waa Garsoore Maxkamadda Sare ee Malawi . Waxay ogolaatay korsashada Madonna ee 2017 ee gabdhaha mataanaha ah ee Malawi. Ka dib waxay u adeegsatay dastuurka inay meesha ka saarto sharci takooraya caddaymaha haweeneyda ee dembiyada galmada. ==Nolosha== Mwale waxa uu dhashay 1974. [ 1 ] Waxa ay ku baratay sharciga UK. Waxay ka qalinjabisay Jaamacadda Leeds ka hor inta aysan wax ka baranin Jaamacadda Warwick ee Master of Laws. Waxaa lagu aqbalay baarka Ingiriisiga ee Grey's Inn Mwale waxa ay ahayd Madaxa Sharciga ee Komishanka Xuquuqul Insaanka Malawi ka hor inta aan loo magacaabin garsoore Maxkamad Sare 2012 2019 waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah sagaal haween ah oo garsoore ka ahaa Malawi, kuwa kale waxay ahaayeen Justice of Appeal Jane Ansah oo hogaaminaysay Guddiga Doorashada Malawi , Dorothy Kamanga , Ivy Kamanga , Rachel Sophie Sikwese , Annabel Mtalimanja , Zione Ntaba iyo Ruth Chinangwa . Garsoore Esme Chombo , ayaa ku lug lahayd korsinta Madonna, laakiin 2019 waxa la sheegay in ay hadda uun hawl gab noqotay Sannadkii 2020-kii garsoore Mwale waxa uu awooday in uu buriyo nidaamkii ahaa in haweenku ay yihiin markhaatiyaal aan la isku halayn karin marka la eego kiisaska dembiyada galmada. Waxay awooday in ay ku dooddo in kuwani ay ahaayeen takoorid maadaama ay ka soo horjeedaan Qaybta 20 ee Dastuurka Malawi oo mamnuucaya takoorka ku salaysan jinsiga iyo jinsiga Kiis gaar ah maxkamaddu waxay iska indhatirtay caddaynta kiis ku saabsan weerar galmo oo lagu qaaday ilmo kow iyo toban jir ah sababtoo ah waxay iska dhigeen caddaynta sababtoo ah ilmuhu wuxuu ahaa dumar mana jirin caddayn caddaynaysa. Xukunkeeda ayaa soo jiitay faallo caalami ah Sannadkii 2023 waxa la siiyay abaal-marin nololeed oo ay ku guulaysatay Ururka Qareennada Haweenka ee Malawi Sannadkii 2024-kii Fiona Mwale waxa ay ahayd (kuma guulaysan) oo u sharaxnayd Guddiga Qaramada Midoobay ee Xuquuqda Carruurta . Waxay isku mar istaagtay Boniface Massah oo ahaa musharax u taagan guddiga Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan xuquuqda dadka naafada ah . ==Korsashada== Mwale waxaa loo xilsaaray inuu ansixiyo soo jeedinta Madonna ee korsashada mataano 4 sano jir ah sanadka 2017. Hooyadood way dhimatay aabahoodna wuu aqbalay korsashada la soo jeediyay. Mwale waxay xustay inay ku kalsoon tahay in Madonna ay siin karto caruurnimo wanaagsan mataanaha waxayna waydiisay Madonna "su'aalo aan raaxo lahayn" gaar ahaan ujeedadeeda. Mwale waxa ay sheegtay in ay aaminsantahay in Madonna ay "ku dhiirigelisay rabitaankeeda ah in ay guri, jacayl, ilaalin iyo hagis siiso dhallaanka." Mwale ayaan ka hadlin su'aasha ah in mataanaha loo qaado dibadda iyadoo arrintan ay horay uga hadashay maxkamadda sare, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay xustay inay la tacaalayso kheyraadka ugu qaalisan Malawi oo ah caruurteeda. Ka dib markii kiiska la dhammeeyey waxay ka hadashay iyada oo kula talisa in Malawi ay qaadato Axdiga Hague ee ku saabsan korsashada waddanka , oo ah heshiis ka hadlaya arrinta "shisheeyaha u duulaya si ay u korsadaan ilmo". ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Way guursatay oo carruur bay dhaleen ==Tixraac== [https://fritillary.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/fiona_mwale_02.pdf "Xaakimka Maxkamadda Sare Fiona Mwale ayaa ku biirtay liiska martida sharafta ee Kamuzu Academy Day Sports Day"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250930020926/https://malawilii.org/akn/mw/judgment/mwhc/2020/95/eng@2020-07-07 <nowiki>"Kaliyati v R (Rcfaanka Dambiyada 109 ee 2018) [2020] MWHC 95 (7 Luulyo 2020)"</nowiki>] [https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/corroboration-as-sex-discrimination-the-equality-implications-of-sexual-offence-cases-in-malawi/ "Xukunka Sida Takoorka Galmada: Saamaynta Sinnaanta ee Kiisaska Dambiga Galmada ee Malawi | OHRH"] [https://www.commonwealthlawyers.com/africa/6088/ "Malawi: Faallo ku saabsan Steven Kaliyati vs Kiis Jamhuuriya (Kiiska Racfaanka Dambiga No 109 ee 2018) - News - CLA"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.commonwealthlawyers.com/africa/6088/ |date=20251110171829 }} [https://www.maraviexpress.com/israel-to-lobby-for-malawis-candidature-of-justice-fiona-mwale-and-boniface-massah-at-the-united-nations/ "Israa'iil ayaa u ololeyneysa in Malawi ay u tartanto garsooraha Fiona Mwale iyo Boniface Massah ee Qaramada Midoobay"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260226051716/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00084798.html "Xaakimka Malawi wuxuu ku talinayaa in wax laga beddelo sharciyada korsashada"] agchd774cnzw0b5tbnov6it3mqpua38 Tasir Raji 0 43810 312267 296624 2026-11-11T07:55:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasir Wale Raji''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waxa uu xubin ka yahay Golaha Wakiilada ee Degmada Epe . Waxa uu dhashay 12 December 1955, waxa uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Lagos oo uu shahaadada Masterka ka qaatay injineernimada. Markii ugu horeysay waxaa loo doortay Golaha Baarlamaanka doorashadii 2015, dib ayaa loo doortay 2019, mar labaadna 2023 oo hoos yimaada All Progressive Congress (APC). ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20251103080647/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Raji-Tasir-Olawale--2979 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/315 "Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria"] [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/tasir-olawale-raji "Citizen Science Nigeria"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/lawmaker-pledges-improved-representation-for-constituency/ "Xildhibaanku wuxuu ballan qaaday in la wanaajinayo matalaadda deegaanka"] [https://thenationonlineng.net/lawmaker-lifts-students-2/ "Xildhibaan kor u qaaday ardayda"] [https://dailytrust.com/2022-budget-rep-wants-calabar-lagos-coastal-project-prioritised/ "Miisaaniyadda 2022: Rep wuxuu rabaa Calabar – Lagos mashruuca xeebta ah in mudnaanta la siiyo - Daily Trust"] {{Wayback|url=https://dailytrust.com/2022-budget-rep-wants-calabar-lagos-coastal-project-prioritised/ |date=20250114151306 }} [https://tribuneonlineng.com/lagos-restates-commitment-to-infrastructure-development/ "Lagos waxay dib u soo celinaysaa ballanqaadka horumarinta kaabayaasha"] ddbwnvlou85jcaglx1wloz9pc0bmo1d Zayyad Ibrahim 0 43821 312295 307488 2026-11-11T09:52:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | country = [[Nigeria]] | constituency = [[Igabi]] | birth_date = 22 March 1965 | occupation = Siyaasi | successor = [[Hussaini Muhammad Jallo]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | state = | office = Xubin ka tirsan [[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nayjeeriya]] oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Kaduna]] | term_start = 2019 | term_end = 2023 }} '''Zayyad Ibrahim''' (wuxuu dhashay 1965) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Waxa uu xubin ka ahaa Golaha Wakiilada ee 9aad ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Igabi ee Gobolka Kaduna ee 2019 ilaa 2023. ==Nolosha hore== Zayyad Ibrahim waxa uu dhashay 22 March 1965 waxana uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Kaduna. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Doorashadii ku celiska ahayd ee 2023, Ibraahim waxa uu mar kale u tartamay xisbiga All Progressives Congress laakiin waxa ka guulaystay Husseini Muhammad Jallo oo ay xifaaltamaan oo ka tirsan xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party Mudane. Zayyad waxa uu hirgeliyay hindise, isaga oo kaashanaya Rt. Mudane. Yuusuf Ibrahim Zailani , Afhayeenka Aqalka Baarlamaanka ee Gobolka Kaduna oo sidoo kale laba jibaarantay Guddoomiyaha Madasha Af-hayeennada Waqooyi, si ay u xoojiyaan codkooda bacriminta iyo in ka badan 30,000,000 oo naira si ay u horumariyaan noloshooda Waxaa xilka kala wareegay Muxammad Abubakar, waxaana xilka kala wareegay Mohammed Hussaini Jallo. ==Tixraac== [https://sub-sahara.news.blog/2021/07/12/hon-zayyad-impact-on-politics-is-second-to-none/ "Hon. Zayyad saamaynta uu ku leeyahay siyaasadda waa labaad in aan midna"] [https://kunnengari.com/2022/12/25/hon-zayyad-secures-relief-materials-for-constituents/ "Mudane Zayyad waxa uu u damaanad qaaday agabka gargaarka dadka deegaanka"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://thesun.ng/kaduna-speaker-reps-member-empowers-constituents-with-over-n30m-bags-of-fertilizers/ "Afhayeenka Kaduna, Xubinta Reps waxa ay awood u siinaysaa dadka deegaanka in ka badan N30m, bacaha bacriminta"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213064050/https://www.constrack.ng/lawmaker_details?id=152 "Xildhibaannada - ConsTrack Track and Report ku saabsan mashaariicda ay dowladdu maalgeliso ee Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213052701/https://von.gov.ng/kaduna-re-run-election-apc-pdp-win-two-seats-each-in-4-lgas/ "Doorashada ku celiska ah ee Kaduna: APC, PDP waxay ku guulaysteen min laba kursi 4-da degmo"] [https://www.channelstv.com/2024/02/04/apc-pdp-candidates-emerge-winners-in-kaduna-bye-election/amp/ "Musharaxiinta APC, PDP ayaa ku soo baxay ku guulaystey doorashada Bye-ka Kaduna"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/02/04/apc-pdp-candidates-emerge-winners-in-kaduna-bye-election/amp/ |date=20250511042207 }} [https://tribuneonlineng.com/kaduna-lawmakers-empower-constituents-with-over-n30m-cash-fertilizer/ "Xildhibaannada Kaduna waxay awood u siinayaan codadka N30m lacag caddaan ah, bacrimin"] ki7qu3gnfsnhamwibpzlwm7lqd00f2k Hussaini Muhammad Jallo 0 43822 312234 296756 2026-11-11T03:18:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jallo Hussaini Mohammed''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Hadda waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii wakiilka federaalka ee u matalaya deegaanka Igabi ee gobolka Kaduna ee golaha shacabka ee 10aad . ==Tixraac== [https://dailypost.ng/2023/02/28/election-result-pdps-muhammad-jallo-wins-igabi-federal-constituency-in-kaduna/ "Natiijada doorashada: PDP's Muhammad-Jallo ayaa ku guuleystay Igabi Federal Constituency ee Kaduna"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/02/kaduna-re-run-rep-jallo-charges-police-to-fish-out-killer-of-supporter/ "Reer Kaduna: Rep Jallo wuxuu ku eedeeyay booliiska inay kaluumaystaan ​​gacan ku dhiiglihii] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260125031027/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Jallo-Hussaini-Mohammed-2370 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://punchng.com/internal-crises-blamed-as-pdp-lp-lawmakers-join-apc/ "Dhibaatada gudaha ee lagu eedeeyay PDP, sharci-dajiyayaasha LP waxay ku biireen APC] s4l4ghlf1d9g4e6mvuy34k0eg59elbr Ango Sadiq Cabdullaahi 0 43823 312191 296739 2026-11-10T22:12:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xubin ka tirsan<br>[[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nigeria]]<br>oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Kaduna|Kaduna]] | constituency = [[Sabon Gari]] | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1983|7|7}} | term_start = June 2023 }} '''Ango Sadiq Abdullahi''' (wuxuu dhashay 7 Luulyo 1983) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waxa uu xubin ka yahay Sabon Gari ee Golaha Wakiilada . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Ango Sadiq Abdullahi waxa uu dhashay 7 July 1983 waxana uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Kaduna ee dalka Nigeria. Waxa uu galay jaamacad ku taal dalka Nigeria, halkaas oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) ee cilmiga siyaasadda. Sooyaalkiisa aqooneed ayaa seeska u dhigay xiisaha iyo ka qaybgalka siyaasadda iyo adeegga bulshada. Waxaa dhalay Prof. Ango Abdullahi , oo ah oday dowladeed iyo aqoonyahan. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== 2023, Sadiiq ayaa u tartamay oo ku guulaystay doorashadii golaha wakiilada ee xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), isagoo ka guulaystay musharraxa la tartamayey ee Hon. Mohammed Garba Datti oo ka tirsan xisbiga All Progressives Congress (APC). ==Afduub== Waxa ay budhcaddu qafaasheen 28-kii Maarso 2022 isaga iyo 61 qof oo kale iyaga oo ku safrayey tareen Kaduna-Abuja-tareen. Waxa uu ku guulaystey guushiisa horudhaca ah ee PDP isagoo weli ku jira gacanta, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waa la sii daayay ka dib wadahadalo qaar si uu ugu biiro qoyskiisa oo uu daweyn maskaxeed ku helay cisbitaal gaar loo leeyahay oo ku yaala Kaduna. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213181648/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Abdullahi-Sadiq-Ango-2444 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee Matalaada] [https://orderpaper.ng/voter/candidate?id=ABDULLAHI-SADIQ-ANGO-2444 "Musharrixiinta - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://blueprint.ng/ango-abdullahis-son-wins-sabongari-federal-constituency-in-kaduna/ "Ina Ango Abdullahi wuxuu ku guuleystey degmada Sabongari ee Kaduna"] [https://www.arise.tv/nigeria-despite-being-in-captivity-ango-abdullahis-son-wins-pdp-house-of-reps-ticket/ "Nigeria: In kasta oo la haysto, wiilka Ango Abdullahi wuxuu ku guuleystey tigidh Aqalka Wakiilada ee PDP"] [https://accessnews.ng/ango-abdullahis-son-wins-pdp-house-of-representatives-ticket-despite-being-in-captivity/ "Wiil uu dhalay Ango Cabdullaahi ayaa ku guuleystay Tigidhkii Golaha Wakiilada ee Xisbiga PDP inkastoo uu ku xiran yahay xabsiga"] [https://21stcenturychronicle.com/train-attack-el-rufais-top-aide-dayyibu-paki-wife-ango-abdullahis-son-abducted/ "Weerarkii tareenka: Kaaliyaha sare ee El-Rufai, Dayyibu Paki, xaaskiisa, wiilka Ango Abdullahi, ayaa la afduubay"] [https://pointblanknews.com/pbn/news/despite-being-in-captivity-ango-abdullahis-son-wins-pdp-rep-ticket/ "Inkasta oo la haysto, wiilka Ango Abdullahi wuxuu ku guuleystey tigidh xildhibaanka PDP"] pnofi90v82wxwx0hxhbj57lybzo5eku Emmanuel Ekon 0 43825 312220 296752 2026-11-11T01:59:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Bartholomew Ekon''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Waxa uu noqday xubin ka wakiil ah degaanka Abak/Etim Ekpo/Ika ee Aqalka Wakiilada . Wuxuu dhashay 7 Oktoobar 1971, wuxuu ka yimid Gobolka Akwa Ibom . Markii ugu horeysay waxaa loo doortay Golaha Baarlamaanka doorashadii 2011, waxaana dib loo doortay 2015 oo hoos yimaada Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah ee PDP. ==Tixraac== [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/emmanuel-bartholomew-ekon "Citizen Science Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20251126005552/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/candidate?id=EKON-EMMANUEL-BARTHOLOMEW-91 "Musharrixiinta - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] {{Gumud}} cm9fedmw6g0v03npzgjiswwjjsa4zj3 Ja'afar Abubakar Magaji 0 43841 312239 296759 2026-11-11T03:42:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xubin ka tirsan<br>[[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nigeria]]<br>oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Adamawa|Adamawa]] | constituency = Mubi North/Mubi South/Maiha | birth_date = 4 October 1980 | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | term_start = June 2023 | party = [[Dhammaan Golaha Horumarka]] }} '''Jacfar Abubakar Magaji''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waxa uu u shaqaynayaa sidii xubin ka tirsan Aqalka Wakiilada ee Mubi North/Mubi South/Maiha Constituency Federal ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Jacfar Abubakar Magaji waxa uu dhashay 4 October 1980 waxa uu haystaa shahaadada BSc. ee Maamulka Ganacsiga. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Doorashada horudhaca ah ee xisbiga APC ee 2022 ee Mubi North/Mubi South/Constituency Federal, Ja'afar ayaa ku soo baxay ku guulaysta doorashada isagoo ka adkaaday afar musharax oo kale Qaab taageero iyo xoojin ah, Jacfar waxa uu dadkiisa ku siiyay saddex xamuul oo bacrimin ah, boqollaal sunta cayayaanka lagu dilo iyo dhirta, iyo sahayda beeraha. ==Loolan sharci iyo guul== Doorashada Golaha Shacabka ee 2023-ka ee Golaha Wakiilada, Maxkamadda Racfaanka ee fadhigeedu yahay Abuja ayaa ku dhawaaqday Jaafar Magaji, oo ah musharaxa xisbiga All Progressive Congress (APC), inuu ku guuleystay doorashada deegaanka, waxayna ku amartay INEC inay siiso shahaadada soo noqoshada, halka ay eriday Jingi Rufai oo ka tirsan xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). ==Diinta== Jacfar Abubakar Magaji waa muslim. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20241215192001/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Magaji-Jaafar-Abubakar-1158 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee Matalaada] [https://dailypost.ng/2022/07/25/adamawa-aspirants-sue-inec-over-alleged-insignificant-votes-in-mubi-maiha-apc-reps-primary/ "Adamawa: Damacyadu waxay dacweeyaan INEC iyagoo ku eedeeyay codad aan macno lahayn oo ka dhacay Mubi/Maiha APC Reps horudhac"] [https://tgnews.com.ng/adamawa-constituents-hail-jafar-as-hero-of-agricultural-development/ "Xubnaha Adamawa waxay ku dhawaaqeen Hail Jacfar oo ah Halyeyga Horumarinta Beeraha - TG News"] [https://businessday.ng/politics/article/zango-magaji-sworn-in-as-new-house-of-reps-members/?amp Zango, Magaji ayaa loo dhaariyay xubnaha cusub ee golaha baarlamaanka] 5u9bi68e3qmq7fbgg2ux41ugydun017 Emeka Idu Godwin Obiajulu 0 43845 312219 296751 2026-11-11T01:59:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xubin ka tirsan<br>[[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nigeria]]<br>oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Anambra|Anambra]] | constituency = Onitsha North/South | birth_date = 1952 | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | term_start = June 2023 | party = [[Xisbiga Shaqaalaha (Nayjeeriya) | Xisbiga Shaqaalaha]] }} '''Emeka Idu Godwin Obiajulu''' (wuxuu dhashay 1952) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah iyo xildhibaan. Hadda waxa uu u shaqaynayaa sidii xubin ka tirsan Golaha Wakiilada ee Nigeria ee hoos yimaada Xisbiga Shaqaalaha , isaga oo matalaya Onitsha North / South constituency. ==Nolosha hore== Emeka wuxuu ku dhashay 3-dii Maarso 1962-dii Onitsha, oo ku taal gobolka koonfur-bari ee Nigeria, gudaha Gobolka Anambra. Waa Masiixi caqiido ahaan, wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa qoys ku xididaysan Ismaamulka Waqooyiga Onitsha Waxa uu ku qaatay caruurnimadiisii ​​​​hore ee magaaladiisii, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku dhammaystay waxbarashadiisii ​​aasaasiga ahayd. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Emeka wuxuu matalay deegaanka Onitsha II ee hoos yimaada Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Shacabka ee golaha gobolka 2011 ilaa 2015. Doorashadii 2015, waxaa loo doortay inuu matalo Onitsha North/Koonfurta Golaha Qaranka . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maxkamada ayaa codsatay in lagala noqdo shahaadadiisa, waana in la siiyaa Lynda Chuba-Ikpeazu iyadoo loo eegayo in si qalad ah loogu bedelay Sannadkii 2023, wuxuu ku guuleystay dib u doorashadii deegaanka ee barnaamijka xisbiga shaqaalaha Sannadkii 2023, wuxuu dib ugu guuleystay doorashadii xisbiga shaqaalaha Emeka ayaa yiri "Haddii aan haysano nidaam sax ah oo biometric ah, maxbuus kasta waa in laga diwaan galiyaa xarumahooda asluubta, iyadoo lagu keydiyo faraha, aqoonsiga wejiga, iyo calaamado kale oo ammaan ah. Tani waxay xaqiijin doontaa in xitaa haddii ay baxsadaan, si fudud loo raadin karo dibna loo soo xiri karo." Wararka Golaha Qaranka Nigeria, Hon. Emeka Idu wuxuu ugu baaqayaa Amniga Biometric ee Xarumaha Asluubta iyo Horumarinta Bulshada ee Anambra ==Tixraac== [https://www.voter.ng/candidate?id=4074 "Musharrixiinta - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.voter.ng/candidate?id=4074 |date=20241213050157 }} [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07/south-east-reps-caucus-backs-calls-for-nnamdi-kanu-others-release/ "Kulanka Wakiilada Koonfur Bari wuxuu taageeray baaqyada Nnamdi Kanu, sii deynta kuwa kale"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106065856/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Emeka-Idu-Godwin-Obiajulu-1365 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241228163202/https://gazettengr.com/inec-releases-full-list-of-elected-lawmakers-for-nigerias-10th-assembly/ "INEC ayaa soo saartay liiska buuxa ee sharci-dajiyayaasha la doortay ee Golaha 10-aad ee Nigeria"] [https://www.thelegislatureng.com/reps-want-nda-to-prioritise-admission-of-military-schools-leavers/ "Reps waxay rabaan in NDA ay mudnaanta siiso ogolaanshaha ardayda ka baxaysa dugsiyada militariga"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16674/hon-emeka-idu?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Taariikh nololeedka Hon. Emeka Idu, qiimaha saafiga ah, da'da, qoyska, xiriirka & sawirka"] qq23kw8kwk4aotdgsto4up2taok6zf8 Emeka Chinedu 0 43846 312218 296750 2026-11-11T01:58:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xubin ka tirsan<br>[[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nigeria]]<br>oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Imo|Imo]] | constituency = Ahiazu Mbaise/Ezinihitte | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | party = [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadka (Nayjeeriya) | Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha]] | birth_date = 2 February 1965 | term_start = June 2023 | prior_term1 = 2019-2023 | occupation = Siyaasi }} '''Emeka Martins Chinedu''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waa xubin matalaysa Ahiazu Mbaise/Ezinihitte Deegaanka Federaalka ee Aqalka Wakiilada . ==Nolosha hore== Emeka Martins Chinedu waxa uu dhashay 2 February 1965. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Doorashadii Golaha Wakiilada ee 2023, wuxuu mar kale ku tartamay barnaamijka Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Shacabka (PDP) si uu ugu guuleysto mar labaad xubinta matalaysa Ahiazu Mbaise/Ezinihitte Federal Constituency Laga bilaabo 5 Diseembar 2024, waxa uu kafaalo qaaday afar hindise sharciyeed oo soo maray akhrintoodii koowaad ee Golaha Shacbiga Waxa uu hadda u shaqaynayaa Guddoomiye Ku-Xigeenka, Guddiga Aqalka Sare ee Dawlad Goboleedka (FCT) ==Loolan sharci iyo guul== 7dii Sebtembar 2023, Maxkamada Racfaanka ee fadhigeedu yahay Lagos ayaa xaqiijisay guushii Emeka Chinedu ee codbixinta, iyadoo meesha ka saartay racfaanadii Darlington Amaechi ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha (LP) iyo Nnanna Igbokwe ee All Progressive Congress (APC), sababtuna ay tahay inaysan lahayn mudnaan iyo awood Horaantii sanadka 2019, Maxkamadda Codsiyada Doorashada ee fadhigeedu yahay Owerri ayaa meesha ka saartay dacwad uu ka gudbiyay Nnanna Igbokwe oo ka tirsan Xisbiga All Progressives Congress (APC) ee ka dhanka ah Emeka Chinedu ee Ezinihitte Mbaise/Ahiazu Mbaise ee doorashooyinka deegaanka ee federaalka, sababo la xiriira in ay ka maqan tahay mudnaanteeda ==Tixraac== [https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/118 "Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20251114033038/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Chinedu-Emeka-Martins-2176 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee Matalaada] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/appeal-court-affirms-election-of-chinedu-as-imo-pdp-rep/amp/ "Maxkamadda Racfaanka ayaa ku caddaysay doorashadii Chinedu ee Imo PDP Rep"] [https://theworldsatellite.com/2024/12/06/hon-emeka-chinedu-pushes-four-key-bills-through-first-reading/ "Hon. Emeka Chinedu waxa uu ku riixay afar biil oo muhiim ah akhrinta koowaad"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://theworldsatellite.com/2024/02/02/rt-hon-emeka-chinedu-honouring-a-visionary-leaders-birthday/ "Hon. Emeka Chinedu: Sharafta Maalinta Dhalashada Hoggaamiyaha Aragtida"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/11/05/reps-seat-appeal-court-declares-venue-of-imo-pdp-primaries-valid-affirms-emeka-chinedus-election/ "Kursiga Xildhibaanada: Maxkamadda Racfaanka ayaa ku dhawaaqday in ay ansax tahay goobta ay ka dhaceyso doorashada hordhaca ah ee PDP, waxayna xaqiijisay doorashada Emeka Chinedu - THISDAYLIVE"] [https://dailytrust.com/imo-tribunal-dismisses-petition-against-reps-member/ "Imo: Maxkamaddu waxay meesha ka saartay dacwad ka dhan ah xubinta baarlamaanka - Daily Trust"] {{Wayback|url=https://dailytrust.com/imo-tribunal-dismisses-petition-against-reps-member/ |date=20241213185534 }} in7vv5k19z25omkzjrm7u8mupq4hcnd Matthew Nwogu 0 43849 312250 296977 2026-11-11T05:16:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xildhibaan ka tirsan Aqalka Wakiillada Nigeria oo ka soo jeeda Imo | assembly = Shirka 10aad | country = Nigeria | title = Right Honorable | birth_date = 24 December 1960 | occupation = Siyaasi, qareen | termstart1 = June 2023 | constituency = Aboh Mbaise/Ngor Okpala Federal Constituency | state1 = Imo state }} '''Matthew Nwogu''' waa siyaasi reer Nayjeeriya ah kaas oo hadda u adeegaya xubin ka wakiil ah Aboh Mbaise/Ngor okpala Federal Constituency ee Golaha Wakiilada ee Gobolka Imo . ==Nolosha hore== Matthew Nwogu waxa uu dhashay 24 December 1960. ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== 2023, waxaa loo doortay xisbiga shaqaalaha si uu u matalo Aboh Mbaise/Ngor Okpala Constituency Federal Constituency ee Golaha Wakiilada, halka uu ka adkaaday musharaxiintii ay aadka isugu dhawaayeen, Mr. Akwitti Ifeanyi Godwin oo ka tirsan All Progressives Congress (APC) iyo Mr. Agulanna Albert Chibuzor oo ka tirsan Xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). ==Loolan sharci iyo guul== Maxkamadda Codsiyada Codsiyada Doorashada Baarlamaanka Qaranka iyo Gobolka Imo, musharraxa APC , Mr. Akwitti Chibuzor kuma uusan qancin guusha xildhibaanka xisbiga shaqaalaha, wuxuuna kiiska u gudbiyay maxkamadda racfaanka iyo racfaanka. Bishii Nofeembar, 2023 Mudane. Garsoore Gumel ayaa meesha ka saaray dacwadda, wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay in Mathew Nwogu uu ku guuleystay. ==Tixraac== [https://savinewsafrica.ng/2025/02/04/national-assembly-x-raying-the-performance-of-rt-hon-matthew-nwogu-by-echereozo-austin/ "Golaha Qaranka: X-raying The Performance of Rt. Hon. Matthew Nwogu, by Echereozo Austin - Savinews Africa"] [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/mathew-nwogu "Citizen Science Nigeria"] [https://currentaffairs.ng/representative/nwogu-matthew/ "Nwogu Matthew"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213054454/https://independent.ng/imo-reps-seat-acourt-upholds-lps-nwogu/ "Kursiga Imo Reps: A'Maxkamad Waxay Taageertay LP's Nwogu - Wargayska Madaxbanaan ee Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260113153944/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Nwogu-Matthew-2159 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://newstap.com.ng/mathew-nwogu-wins-ngor-okpala-aboh-mbaise-federal-constituency/ "Mathew Nwogu wuxuu ku guuleystey deegaanka Ngor/Okpala-Aboh Mbaise]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://independent.ng/imo-reps-seat-acourt-upholds-lps-nwogu/ "Kursiga Imo Reps: A'Maxkamad Waxay Taageertay LP's Nwogu - Wargayska Madaxbanaan ee Nigeria"] rw9ej2b1q0h0rnrsm7vyo9phqmwo8rs Efe Afe 0 43907 312216 296607 2026-11-11T01:50:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Efe Afe''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Waa xubin matalaya deegaanka Okpe/Sapele/Uvwie ee Aqalka Wakiilada . ==Nolosha hore== Efe Afe waxa ay dhalatay 1967 waxana ay ka soo jeeddaa Gobolka Delta . ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Waxa uu xubin ka ahaa Golaha Aqalka Sare ee Gobolka Delta intii u dhaxaysay 1999 ilaa 2011. 2019 waxa loo doortay xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) isaga oo xubin ka ah degaanka Okpe/Sapele/Uvwie. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20250215110735/https://constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=91 "Faahfaahinta Xeer-dejinta - ConsTrack Track and Report ku saabsan Mashaariicda ay Dawladdu Maalgeliso ee Nigeria"] [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/oberuakpefe-anthony-afe "Citizen Science Nigeria"] {{Gumud}} dff4riec0id7ud818k7uxrgs0h6fxwv Thomas Ereyitomi 0 43910 312269 296783 2026-11-11T08:02:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Ereyitomi''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waxa uu xubin ka yahay Golaha Wakiilada ee Deegaanka Warri Waqooyi/Warri Koonfur/Warri Koonfur Galbeed ==Nolosha hore== Thomas Ereyitomi waxa uu dhashay 19 May 1965 waxana uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Delta . ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== 2019, waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo xubin matalaysa Warri North/Warri South/warri South West Constituency, waxaana mar labaad loo doortay 2023 isagoo wali ku hoos jira barnaamijka xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Waxa uu hore u ahaa Guddoomiyaha, Guddiga Horumarinta Bulshada, Ogidigben laga bilaabo 2005 ilaa 2014. Waxa uu soo noqday Komishaneer, Delta State Oil Producing Area Development Commission (DESOPADEC) laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2018. ==Tixraac== [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/thomas-ereyitomi Citizen Science Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250102155305/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Thomas-Ereyitomi-1835 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/171 "Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/ereyitomi-reelected-to-reps-for-2nd-term/amp/ "Ereytomi ayaa mar labaad loo doortay xildhibaanka 2aad"] 26yzghc0b1kl6c0ffjcdr7piv1xqgiy 312270 312269 2026-11-11T08:02:35Z KiranBOT 41360 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 312270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Ereyitomi''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah . Hadda waxa uu xubin ka yahay Golaha Wakiilada ee Deegaanka Warri Waqooyi/Warri Koonfur/Warri Koonfur Galbeed ==Nolosha hore== Thomas Ereyitomi waxa uu dhashay 19 May 1965 waxana uu ka soo jeedaa Gobolka Delta . ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== 2019, waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo xubin matalaysa Warri North/Warri South/warri South West Constituency, waxaana mar labaad loo doortay 2023 isagoo wali ku hoos jira barnaamijka xisbiga Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Waxa uu hore u ahaa Guddoomiyaha, Guddiga Horumarinta Bulshada, Ogidigben laga bilaabo 2005 ilaa 2014. Waxa uu soo noqday Komishaneer, Delta State Oil Producing Area Development Commission (DESOPADEC) laga bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2018. ==Tixraac== [https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/thomas-ereyitomi Citizen Science Nigeria"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250102155305/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Thomas-Ereyitomi-1835 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/171 "Golaha Qaranka | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Nigeria"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/ereyitomi-reelected-to-reps-for-2nd-term/ "Ereytomi ayaa mar labaad loo doortay xildhibaanka 2aad"] 9jis64grv4kasrnj4bgvzldi5ph2dd1 Manuchim Umezuruike 0 43919 312248 296766 2026-11-11T05:06:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umezuruike Manuchim''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Hadda waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii wakiilka federaalka ee u matalaya degmada Port-Harcourt 1 ee gobolka Rivers ee golaha shacabka ee 10aad . ==Tixraac== [https://thesun.ng/lps-umezuruike-wins-reps-seat-in-rivers/ "LP's Umezuruike ayaa ku guuleystay kursiga Reps ee Rivers"] [https://guardian.ng/news/lps-umezuruike-wins-rivers-house-of-rep-seat/ "LP's Umezuruike wuxuu ku guuleystey kursiga Aqalka Rivers ee Rep"] [https://leadership.ng/appeal-court-affirms-lp-umezuruikes-election-in-rivers/ "Maxkamada Racfaanka ayaa xaqiijisay Doorashada LP Umezuruike ee Rivers"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20251212063644/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Umezuruike-Manuchim-3742 "Xubnaha Golaha Shacbiga 10-aad - Cod-bixiye - Ansixinta Xafiiska Cod-bixiyayaasha ee matalaadda"] [https://thesun.ng/rivers-appeal-court-upholds-lps-manuchim-umezuruikes-reps-election/ "Wabiyada: Maxkamadda Racfaanka waxay taageertay doorashada LP ee Manuchim Umezuruikes] [https://newswirengr.com/2023/03/03/list-of-labour-party-members-who-won-house-of-representative-elections/ "Liiska xubnaha xisbiga shaqaalaha ee ku guuleystay doorashada Golaha Wakiilada"] {{Wayback|url=https://newswirengr.com/2023/03/03/list-of-labour-party-members-who-won-house-of-representative-elections/ |date=20250715074135 }} erqnqg7cmsr6a954okajlr2cqk4lk7x Isaac Kwallu 0 43920 312237 297748 2026-11-11T03:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Isaac Kwallu | image = | birth_date = 29 June 1974 | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Siyaasi | party = Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadka (PDP) }} '''Isaac Kyale Kwallu''' (wuxuu dhashay 29 Juun 1974) waa nin ganacsade ah iyo siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Waa xubin ka tirsan Golaha Wakiilada Federaalka ee Nigeria oo matalaya degaanka federaalka Mikang/Qua'an-Pan/Shendam ee Gobolka Plateau ee Golaha Qaranka 10aad. ==Nolol siyaasadeed== Kwallu wuxuu ahaa gudoomiyaha ismaamulka Qua'an-pan ee gobolka Plateau ee hoos yimaada xisbiga All Progressive Congress (APC). Waxa xilka ka xayuubiyey 16 nin oo ka kooban golaha sharci dejinta ee dawladda hoose ee Qua'an-Pan ka dibna waxaa hakiyey golaha baarlamaanka gobolka Plateau Waxa dib u soo celisay maxkamadda sare ee Jos Doorashadii guud ee 2023-kii, wuxuu ku guuleystey doorashadii uu ku matali lahaa degaanka federaalka Mikang/Qua'an-Pan/Shendam ee Aqalka Wakiilada Federaalka ee hoos yimaada Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Shacabka (PDP). Doorashadiisa waxaa ka soo horjeeda maxkamada racfaanka doorashada ee ka soo horjeeda Hon John Dafaan ee All Progressive Congress laakiin maxkamada waxay xaqiijisay Kwallu inuu yahay mid si sax ah loo doortay Maxkamadda racfaanka markii dambe xukunkeeda waxay laashay doorashadii Hon. John Dafaan ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20241228163202/https://gazettengr.com/inec-releases-full-list-of-elected-lawmakers-for-nigerias-10th-assembly/ "INEC ayaa soo saartay liiska buuxa ee sharci-dajiyayaasha la doortay ee Golaha 10-aad ee Nigeria"] [https://daybreak.ng/breaking-quan-pan-lgc-chairman-impeached/ "Breaking: Gudoomiyaha Quan Pan LGC oo xilka laga qaaday] {{Wayback|url=https://daybreak.ng/breaking-quan-pan-lgc-chairman-impeached/ |date=20250224073424 }} [https://www.blueprint.ng/in-plateau-state-quanpan-lg-boss-impeached-deputy-sworn-in/ "Gobolka Plateau, Quan'pan LG ayaa xilka ka xayuubiyey, ku xigeenkiisiina waa la dhaariyey - Wargeysyada Blueprint"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162310/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/plha-suspends-quaan-pan-kanam-lg-chairmen/ "PLHA waxay shaqada ka joojisay Qua'an Pan, Kanam LG guddoomiyeyaasha"] [https://www.medianigeria.com/plateau-state-senate-and-house-of-representative-2023-election-winners/ "Guurtida Gobolka Plateau Iyo Aqalka Wakiilada 2023 Ku Guulaystayaashii Doorashada"] [https://universalreportersng.com/hon-john-dafaan-apcfiles-petition-to-challenge-pdp-over-party-structures-inec-isaac-kwallu/ "Hon John Dafaan, APC, wuxuu gudbiyay codsi uu kaga tashanayo PDP qaab dhismeedka xisbiga INEC, Isaac Kwallu"] [https://centurynewsupdate.com/tribunal-upheld-election-of-plateau-reps-member-isaac-kwallu-for-quaan-pan-shendam-mikang-federal-constituency/ "Maxkamaddu waxay taageertay doorashada xubinta Baarlamaanka Plateau, Isaac Kwallu ee Qua'an-Pan, Shendam, degaanka federaalka Mikang"] [https://daybreak.ng/appeal-court-overturns-representative-members-election-john-dafaan-apc-declared-winner/ "Maxkamadda Racfaanka ayaa laashay Doorashadii Xubinta Wakiilada: John Dafaan (APC) ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu ku guulaystay"] {{Wayback|url=https://daybreak.ng/appeal-court-overturns-representative-members-election-john-dafaan-apc-declared-winner/ |date=20250223012501 }} [https://sunnewsonline.com/jos-high-court-reinstates-impeached-plateau-council-chairman/ "Maxkamadda Sare ee Jos ayaa dib u soo celisay Guddoomiyihii Golaha Deegaanka Plateau"] 6xlwq5pohyrcx5cx5v9bt69toruo23z Omoruyi Murphy Osaro 0 43921 312258 296156 2026-11-11T05:59:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omoruyi Murphy Osaro''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Waxa uu hadda u shaqeeyaa sidii Wakiilka Federaalka ee matalaya degaanka Egor / Ikpoba Okpa ee gobolka Edo ee Golaha Qaranka 10aad . ==Tixraac== [https://punchng.com/nass-poll-lp-floors-apc-pdp-at-tribunal-in-edo/ "Xubin Reps, Omoruyi, wuxuu ku abaalmariyaa N10m deeq waxbarasho ardayda Edo"] [https://punchng.com/nass-poll-lp-floors-apc-pdp-at-tribunal-in-edo/ "Codbixinta NASS: LP dabaqyada APC, PDP ee maxkamada Edo"] [https://tribuneonlineng.com/edo-tribunal-dismisses-okhuarobos-petition-against-egor-ikpoba-federal-lawmaker/ "Edo: Maxkamaddu waxay meesha ka saartay codsigii Okhuarobo ee ka dhanka ahaa xildhibaanka federaalka Egor/Ikpoba"] [https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/national/substance-abuse-fast-destroying-nigerias-youth-population-rep/ "Ku xad-gudubka walaxda ayaa si degdeg ah u baabi'inaysa dadka dhalinyarada ah ee Nigeria - Rep"] [https://midwestherald.ng/labour-party-floors-apc-pdp-in-national-ssembly-election-petitions-tribunal-in-benin-city-declares-aisosa-omoruyi-winners/ "Maxkamada Doorashada: LP Floors PDP, APC, Waxay Xaqiijisay Osaro, Omoruyi Ku Guulaystayaashii... "Codbadeyaasha Keliya Waxay Nagu Tuureen Dukumeenti Anoo Aanay Wax Qiimo Leh" | Midwesttherald"] [https://independent.ng/nass-poll-labour-party-floors-apc-pdp-at-tribunal/ "Mashiinka dib u soo celinta"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240118090655/https://www.popularnews9ja.com.ng/edo-at-32-federal-lawmaker-congratulates-govt-and-people-of-the-state/ "Edo at 32: Xildhibaan federaal ah ayaa u hambalyeeyey dowladda iyo dadka gobolka"] pq6wfmt4mc7rh2fdahvfhm91ve9kjz8 Caaqil Dheryodhoobe 0 44634 312198 296744 2026-11-10T23:30:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siyaad Qaasim''' oo ku magac dheeraa Caaqil Dheryodhoobe waxa uu ahaa caaqil caan ah oo hogaamiye ka ahaa beelweynta Duduble oo la sheegay in uu noolaa in ka badan 8 qarni ka hor ama qiyaas ahaan 300 oo sano ka hor (dhammaadkii 1600aadkii ilaa badhtamihii 1700aadkii) Waxa uu caan ku ahaa in uu ahaa nin hibo iyo xikmad badan leh oo leh qisooyin badan oo isaga ku saabsan. Sheeko halyey ah, ka dib dagaal lagu hoobtay oo Nugaal ka dhacay oo ay la galeen beesha Majeerteen ee Garoowe ka soo jeeda , Caaqil Siyaad waxaa lagu qasbay in uu bixiyo lacag dhiig ah, laakiin wuxuu soo diray ari magdhow ah. Caaqilkii oo aad uga xumaaday tilmaanta bahdilaadda ah ee sida caadada ah geela lagu qiimeeyay, ayaa ugaasku waxa uu siiyay halxiraalahan soo socda si uu u sharaxo sababtiisa Riyuhu laba raggay la wadaagaan, haarka iyo hareedka Riyuhu laba naagahay la wadaagaan, labada naas iyo labo jileeca Riyuhu laba geelay la wadaagaan, qatinka iyo qaroomaysiga Riyuhu laba farda la wadaagaan, gooha iyo gurdanka Riyuhu laba lo'day la wadaagaan, laba gees iyo labaca Ka dib markii tartankii loo kala garnaqsaday – in kastoo dhaqankan cusub aan dib loo arag – waxa la yidhi Caaqil beeshiisa waa la habaaray. Iyadoo ay inkaarta ku badan tahay beelo badan oo ka guura degaannada colaadaha iyo abaaraha, haddana magaalada Mag Arile ama Mag Ari oo geedkeeda caanka ku ah ayaa laga heli karaa gobolka Nugaal oo qaarkood la sheegay in lagu naanayso beesha (Ciise Riyoole) oo ilaa maanta halkaas deggan Ceelgaras, a district village in Galgaduud, is also named after Caaqil Siyaad Qaasim today. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20230313001003/https://laashin.com/sooyaalkii-siyaad-dheryodhoob-wq-maxamed-xuseen-faarax/ Sooyaalkii Siyaad dheryodhoob W/Q: Maxamed Xuseen Faarax] [https://www.persee.fr/renderPage/ista_0000-0000_1993_act_495_1_2881/ista_0000-0000_1993_act_495_1_T1_0250_0000_710.jpg Ku Saabsan Noocyada Sheekooyinka Soomaalida] [https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/3100/1/On%20types%20of%20Somali%20folk-tales.pdf Noocyada Sheekooyinka Soomaalida] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030402/https://himilonetwork.com/taariikhda-qoran-dooxadii-mag-ari/ Dooxadii Mag Ari] 3ffnfclo9v80dkzaok3l5l66052gnzy Mila Guy 0 45439 312253 298347 2026-11-11T05:28:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mila Guy | other_names = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|11|14}} | birth_name = Mila Guy | birth_place = [[Nelspruit]], [[South Africa]] | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> | nationality = [[Koonfur Afrika]]n | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Jaamacadda Auckland]] * [[Jaamacadda Pretoria]] }} | education = | height = | years_active = 2014–hadda | notable_works = | spouse = {{Marriage|Ben Fourie|2023}} | children = | awards = | father = | mother = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | occupation = {{Plainlist| * Atariisho * Naqshadeeye dharka }} }} '''Mila Guy''' (waxay dhalatay 14 Noofambar 1992) waa jilaa Koonfur Afrikaan ah iyo naqshadeeye dharka. Waxay caan ku tahay doorkeeda "Malanie Schmit" ee taxanaha telefishanka ee kykNet Hotel iyo doorkeeda aadka loogu amaanay sida "Nonnie Blignout" ee filimka Liewe Kersfeesvader waxay guursatay Ben Fourie. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Mila waxay ku dhalatay 14 November 1992 magaalada Nelspruit ee Mpumalanga, Koonfur Afrika Markii ay ku jirtay heerka 8, waxay u haajirtay New Zealand iyada iyo qoyskeeda. Sannadkeedii ugu horreeyay ee waxbarasho jaamacadeed waxay ku dhammaatay Jaamacadda Auckland . Ka dib markii ay ku soo laabatay Koonfur Afrika, waxay ka qalinjabisay shahaadada BA ee riwaayadaha ee Jaamacadda Pretoria ee 2014. ==Tixraac== https://www.bloss.co.za/yes-mila-guy-thinks-sexy-is-sexy/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.bloss.co.za/yes-mila-guy-thinks-sexy-is-sexy/ |date=20211017161601 }} https://web.archive.org/web/20250422043637/https://afrikaans.com/2020/08/04/potgooi-in-gesprek-met-mila-guy/ [https://southafricaportal.com/mila-guy/ "Taariikh nololeedka Mila Guy: Da'da, Xirfadda, Filimada & Qiimaha saafiga ah"] ckganbtlyi1wv6319hgwll5qfagup8k Peter Blum 0 45799 312260 291952 2026-11-11T06:13:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | birth_name = Peter Emil Julius Blum | image = PeterBlum.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1926|8|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Trieste]], [[Kingdom of Italy]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|12|5|1925|5|4|df=y}} | death_place = [[London]], [[England]], [[UK]] | occupation = Gabayaa | period = 1955-1958 | awards = [[Reina Geerlig Prinsen Prys]] (1956)}} '''Peter Emil Julius Blum''' (4 Maajo 1925 - 5 Diseembar 1990) wuxuu ahaa gabyaa Afrikaan ah . Markuu carruur ahaa, wuxuu u haajiray Midowga Koonfur Afrika isaga iyo qoyskiisa. Laga soo bilaabo yaraantiisii, Blum wuxuu horey u awooday inuu ku hadlo dhowr luqadood, oo ay ku jiraan Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818043707/http://nb.co.za/Authors/571 Taariikh nololeedka bogga internetka ee daabacaha] [http://www.stellenboschwriters.com/ Qorayaasha Stellenbosch] irknb1l9drxsv81gc107ilmqhyk5xv3 Chike Okafor 0 45859 312204 296629 2026-11-11T00:04:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | office = Xubin ka tirsan<br>[[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Nigeria]]<br>oo ka soo jeeda [[Gobolka Imo|Imo]] | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | party = [[Dhammaan Golaha Horumarka]] | birth_date = 15 November 1972 | birth_place = Umuokeh, Obowo | occupation = Siyaasi | profession = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Gobolka Imo]], [[Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda Gobolka Enugu]] | constituency = [[Ehime Mbano]]/[[Ihitte/Uboma|Ihitte Uboma]]/[[Obowo]] | children = 3 | spouse = Akudo Okafor }} '''Chike Okafor''' waa siyaasi reer Nayjeeriya ah . Wuxuu hadda u shaqeeyaa xubin matasha Deegaanka Federaalka Ehime Mbano/Ihitte Uboma/Obowo ee Aqalka Wakiillada . ==Nolosha hore iyo guurka== Chike Okafor wuxuu ku dhashay 15kii Nofembar 1972 magaalada Umuokeh , Obowo LGA , Gobolka Imo. Wuxuu guursaday Deaconess Akudo Okafor oo leh saddex carruur ah ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213171617/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=OKAFOR-CHIKE-JOHN-2180 "Xubnaha Golaha Qaranka ee 10aad - Cod-bixiye - Xaqiijinta Xafiiska Doorashada ee Matalaadda"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241213180747/https://ariseafrika.com/2018/02/portrait-of-an-achiever-and-distinguished-lawmaker-hon-dcn-chike-okafor.html "SAWIRKA GUULAYSTAHA IYO SHARCI-DEJIYAHA CAANSAN: HON DCN CHIKE OKAFOR"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/why-i-wont-celebrate-my-appeal-court-victory-till-nov-11-rep-okafor/amp/ "Sababta aanan ugu dabaaldegi doonin guushii Maxkamadda Racfaanka ilaa Noofambar 11 - Xildhibaan Okafor"] nsn2pvyz1sadyo0gmn3hq0xelugetjp Chidozie Kennedy Ibeh 0 45860 312203 296121 2026-11-11T00:04:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | constituency = [[Obowo]] | country = Nigeria | office = Xubin ka tirsan [[Aqalka Baarlamaanka ee Gobolka Imo]] | party = [[Dhammaan Golaha Horumarka]] | birth_date = 25 June 1976 | citizenship = [[Nigeria]] | occupation = Siyaasi, qareen | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda Gobolka Enugu]], [[Jaamacadda Gobolka Abia]] }} '''Chidozie Kennedy Ibeh''' waa siyaasi iyo qareen u dhashay dalka Nayjeeriya . Waa xubin ka tirsan Aqalka Baarlamaanka ee Gobolka Imo oo matalaya deegaanka Obowo . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Chidozie Kennedy Ibeh wuxuu dhashay 25-kii Juun 1976. Wuxuu waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare ku dhammeeyay Dugsiga Sare ee ASCL ee Gobolka Kogi ka hor inta uusan qaadan shahaadada Bachelor of Laws (LL.B Hons) ee Jaamacadda Gobolka Enugu ee Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda iyo shahaadada Masterka ee Sharciga (LL.M) ee Jaamacadda Gobolka Abia, Uturu , Gobolka Abia. ==Tixraac== [https://imha.imostate.gov.ng/team/hon-chidi-ogbunikpa-samuel/ "RT. HON. BARR. CHIDOZIE KENNEDY IBEH"] [https://www.ikeduruapcmediahub.com.ng/2024/06/rt-honourable-barrister-kennedy.html "*RT BARRISTER SHARAF LEH KENNEDY CHIDOZIE IBEH: U DABBAALDEGGA HOGAAMIYE MAADDO 48*"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20241208015607/https://ariseafrika.com/2022/03/how-rt-hon-barr-kennedy-chidozie-ibeh-recorded-milestone-achievements-in-100-days.html "SIDEE RT. HON. BARR. KENNEDY CHIDOZIE IBEH U DIIWAAN YIHIIN 100 MAALMOOD GUULAHA MUHIIMKA AH] ejddfk9lcowmkwmgcp7ylaaycm5bch1 Dele Momodu 0 45881 312210 292070 2026-11-11T00:51:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Dele Momodu | image = Chief Dele Momodu.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|05|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ile-Ife]], [[Osun State]], [[Nigeria]] | party = | occupation = Saxafi/Madaxa Fulinta | education = [[Shahaadada Master of Arts | Shahaadada Master of Arts]] ee [[Suugaanta Ingiriisiga]] | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Obafemi Awolowo]] }} Chief '''Dele Momodu''' (oo ku dhashay Ayòbámidélé Àbáyòmí Ojútelégàn Àjàní Momodu ; 16 Maajo 1960) waa wariye Nayjeeriya ah , daabace, ganacsade, iyo afhayeen dhiirrigelin leh. Waa madaxa shirkadda iyo daabacaha Ovation International , oo ah majalad caan ah Sannadkii 2015, wuxuu si rasmi ah u bilaabay Ovation TV ka dibna wuxuu bilaabay wargeys online ah oo la yiraahdo The Boss Newspaper Momodu wuxuu helay boqolaal abaalmarin iyo sharaf shaqadiisa adduunka ganacsiga, siyaasadda, suugaanta, warshadaha muusikada iyo warshadaha moodada Wuxuu qoraa tiir toddobaadle ah oo la yiraahdo "Pendulum", oo lagu daabaco Sabti kasta bogga dambe ee wargeyska ThisDay . Maqaallada waxaa lagu ammaanay inay iftiimiyaan arrimaha qaranka ee muhiimka ah ee Nayjeeriya, iyo sidoo kale ka hadalka mowduucyada caanka ah, dhacdooyinka hadda jira iyo dadka caanka ah, badanaa qaab dood/naqdin leh. ==Nolosha hore== Momodu wuxuu dhashay 16kii Maajo 1960. Magaciisa, Ayòbámidélé, macnihiisu waa "farxaddaydu waxay iga raacday guriga Waa kan ugu dambeeya saddex walaalo ah. Wuxuu aabihiis ku waayay 13 jir, ka dibna wuxuu ku tiirsanaa hooyadiis iyo qaraabadiisa si ay u taageeraan. Momodu waxaa baray hooyadiis oo geeriyootay, oo dhimatay 18kii Maajo 2007, inaysan quusan xitaa marka waqtigu adag yahay. Tan waxaa tusaale u ah taageeradeeda joogtada ah ee ay u fidiso xitaa markii kuwa kale ay ka diideen. Waxay siisay fursad saddexaad oo uu ku gudbo imtixaankiisa WAEC (imtixaannada dugsiga sare). Inkasta oo isha dhaqaale ee hooyadiis ay ka timid ganacsi yar, waxayna lahayd laba carruur ah oo waaweyn oo ay Dr. Oladele B. Ajayi iyo Debbie Ajayi ay daryeelaan, waxay si adag u shaqaysay si ay u taageerto qoyskeeda, sida uu Momodu yiri, "igama quusan ==Tixraac== [https://punchng.com/2023-nigerians-eager-to-restore-lost-hope-says-dele-momodu/ "2023: Dadka reer Nayjeeriya oo aad u xiiseynaya inay soo celiyaan rajadii lumay, ayuu yiri Dele Momodu"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190703174834/http://blueprintafric.com/2019/05/i-have-been-richly-blessed-dele-momodu-celebrates-59 "Waxaan si weyn u barakeeyay - Dele Momodu wuxuu u dabaaldegayaa 59 sano jir"] [https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/12/25/my-encounters-with-dele-momodu-in-pendulum/ "Kulankaygii aan la yeeshay Dele Momodu ee Pendulum - THISDAYLIVE"] hrw65wowvk27lgin670tfok5r2fllzw Module:Authority control/config 828 46135 312171 292459 2026-11-10T15:41:22Z Isma4l 41797 312171 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} p.auxiliary = 'Module:Authority control/auxiliary' p.i18n = { aclink = '[[Help:Authority control databases|Kaydinta xakamaynta maamulka]]', ACmodule = 'Module:Authority control', attentioncat = 'Bogagga wata aqoonsiyeyaasha xakamaynta maamulka ee u baahan fiiro gaar ah', All_articles = 'Dhammaan maqaallada', allfaultycat = 'Maqaallo wata macluumaad khaldan oo xakamaynta maamulka ah', Appears_as = 'Ka muuqdo sida', -- used on documentation table to show example Articles = 'Maqaallada', autocollapse = 'autocollapse', -- Navbox state parameter cat = 'Maqaallo wata aqoonsiyeyaasha %s', category = 'Qeybta', Code = 'Koodhka', collapsed = 'collapsed', -- Navbox state parameter Description = 'Sharaxaadda', errortemplate = 'Khalad', -- e.g. [[Template:Error]], expanded = 'expanded', -- Navbox state parameter faultcat = 'Maqaallo wata macluumaad khaldan oo xakamaynta maamulka ah', Faults = 'Cilladaha', faulty = 'cilladaysan', identifier = 'aqoonsiye', identifiers = 'aqoonsiyeyaasha', idnotvalid = 'Aqoonsiyaha %s ee %s ma saxna.', linktemplate = 'Xiriirka hantida Wikidata', -- refers to [[Template:Wikidata property link]] maincat = 'Maqaallo wata macluumaadka xakamaynta maamulka', name = 'Xakamaynta maamulka', navbox = 'Module:Navbox', pages = 'bogagga', pageswithparams = 'Bogag isticmaalaya xakamaynta maamulka oo wata cabbirro aan la aqoon', -- name of category for tracking uses with parameters previewwarning = 'bogga wuxuu isticmaalayaa [[Template:Authority control]] oo wata cabbir maxalli ah oo aan la fileyn "_VALUE_". 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Also available from [http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/xslt//DB=2.1/SET=2/TTL=1/LNG=EN/ English-speaking catalog] (search author, click one book, click author name, take PPN= value of the URL)' }, { property = 271, section = 4, pattern = 'D[AB]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]', link = 'https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/$1?l=en', label = 'CiNii', remark = 'CiNii is a bibliographic database service for material in Japanese academic libraries. It is maintained by the [[National Institute of Informatics]].' }, { property = 347, section = 7, pattern = ''..string.rep('[%-0-9A-Za-z]', 11)..'', link = 'https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/joconde/$1', label = 'Joconde', }, { property = 349, section = 2, link = 'https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/$1', patterns = {'a1%d?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 's?%d?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, label = 'Jabaan', remark = 'Authority data listed in the catalog of the national library of Japan. Search also available via [http://viaf.org/ VIAF].' }, { property = 350, section = 7, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/images/$1', label = 'Aqoonsiyaha RKD', }, { property = 380, section = 3, link = 'https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/$1', label = 'Mérimée', patterns = {'[PEI]A%d[0-9AB]%d%d%d%d%d%d','ACR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 'MI%d%d%dB?', 'JAR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 'SPR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'} }, { property = 396, section = 2, pattern = '%u%u[%u0-3]V%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://opac.sbn.it/nome/$1', label = 'Talyaaniga', remark = 'Central Institute for the Union Catalogue (ICCU: {{lang|it|Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico}}) is an Italian government agency created to build a single catalog of all the libraries in the nation. It manages National Library Service ({{lang|it|Servizio bibliotecario nazionale}}).' }, { property = 409, section = 2, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an$1', label = 'Australiya', remark = "NLA Trove's People and Organisation view allows the discovery of biographical and other contextual information about people and organisations. Search also available via [http://viaf.org/ VIAF]." }, { property = 428, section = 4, valid = 'botanistV', link = 'https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=$1', label = 'Tusmada Magacyada Dhirta Caalamiga ah', remark = 'Author citation (botany): standard form (official abbreviation) of a personal name for use in an author citation (only for names of algae, fungi and plants). Links to page at [[International Plant Names Index]] (IPNI).' }, { property = 434, section = 5, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/artist/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz', remark = 'MusicBrainz is an open music encyclopedia that collects music metadata and makes it available to the public.' }, { property = 435, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/work/$1', label = 'Shaqada MusicBrainz', }, { property = 436, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/$1', label = 'Kooxda sii deynta MusicBrainz', }, { property = 454, section = 3, pattern = '[12]0%d%d%d%d%d%d', label = 'Structurae', link = 'https://structurae.net/structures/$1', }, { property = 496, section = 4, label = 'ORCID', valid = 'orcidV', link = 'https://orcid.org/$1', remark = 'Authority data on researchers, academics, etc. The ID range is a subset of the [[ISNI]] range. For free text links (for example when mentioning a person on page which is not about them), it is also possible to use {{tl|ORCID}}. Authors—including Wikipedia editors—may obtain an ORCID by signing up at [https://orcid.org/register orcid.org/register]. Please take care not to confuse ORCID and ISNI identifiers.' }, { property = 549, section = 4, pattern = '%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=$1', label = 'Mashruuca Taariikhda Qoyska Xisaabta', remark = 'Mathematics Genealogy Project is a web-based database for the academic genealogy of mathematicians.' }, { property = 650, section = 5, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/$1', label = 'Fannaaniinta RKD', remark = 'RKDartists is an online database using a controlled vocabulary currently containing around 200,000+ names and other information about artists. Names in RKDartists may include given names, pseudonyms, variant spellings, names in multiple languages, and names that have changed over time (e.g., married names).' }, { property = 651, section = 6, patterns = {'%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', '0?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', '0?0?%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, link = 'http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/$1', label = 'Netherlands', remark = 'Dutch project with material for 40,000 digitized biographies, including former colonies of the Netherlands.' }, { property = 691, section = 2, pattern = '[a-z][a-z][a-z]?[a-z]?%d%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=$1&CON_LNG=ENG', label = 'Jamhuuriyadda Czech', remark = 'National Library of the Czech Republic ({{lang|cs|Národní knihovna České republiky}}) is the central library of the Czech Republic.' }, { property = 716, section = 7, patterns = { '[1-3]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?', '54%d%d%d%d%d%d' }, link = 'https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=$1', label = 'JPL SBDB', }, { property = 781, section = 5, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?', link = 'http://www.sikart.ch/KuenstlerInnen.aspx?id=$1&lng=en', label = 'SIKART', remark = 'SIKART is a biographical dictionary and a database on visual art in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. 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Also included are Delegates from territories and the District of Columbia and Resident Commissioners from the Philippines and Puerto Rico.' }, { property = 1186, section = 6, label = 'Tusaha MEP', link = 'https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/$1', pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', }, { property = 1225, section = 7, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/$1', label = 'NARA', remark = 'National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records.' }, { property = 1248, section = 5, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'http://kulturnav.org/$1', label = 'KulturNav', remark = 'KulturNav is a Norwegian cloud-based software service, allowing users to create, manage and distribute name authorities and terminology, focusing on the needs of museums and other cultural heritage institutions. The software is developed by KulturIT ANS and the development project is funded by the [[Arts Council Norway]].' }, { property = 1315, section = 6, label = 'Trove', pattern = '[1-9]%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?', link = 'https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/$1', }, { property = 1323, section = 7, pattern = 'A%d%d%.%d%.%d%d%.%d%d%d[FM]?', link = 'http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=$1', label = 'Terminologia Anatomica', }, { property = 1330, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/$1', label = 'Qalabka muusigga MusicBrainz', }, { property = 1362, section = 7, valid = 'tlsV', link = 'http://tls.theaterwissenschaft.ch/wiki/$1', label = 'Qamuska Tiyaatarka', remark = '{{lang|de|Theaterlexikon der Schweiz}} (TLS) is an encyclopedia about theatre in Switzerland. 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contains the administrative territorial entity 355, -- P355: has subsidiary } return p 7q6aqxv2pl47e16h8opy0olm8qk3pnb Cali Maxamed Geedi 0 46520 312202 302508 2026-11-10T23:43:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | name = Cali Maxamed Geedi علي محمد جيدي | image = Ali Mohamed Gedi.jpg | imagesize = 160px | order = Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 4aad ee [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya]] | term_start = 1 Noofembar 2004 | term_end = 29 Oktoobar 2007 | deputy = | predecessor = [[Maxamed Yuusuf Dheeliye]] | successor = [[Saalim Caliyoow Ibroow]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|2|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Jowhar]], [[Dhulka Amaanada ee Soomaaliya]]<br />(hadda [[Soomaaliya]]) | nationality = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Fadumo Hassan Ali | party = [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah|TFG]] | relations = | children = 4 | residence = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Muqdisho]] | occupation = [[Siyaasi]] | profession = | signature = | footnotes = }} ​'''Ali Mohammed Ghedi''' ({{langx|so|Cali Maxamed Geeddi}}, {{langx|ar|علي محمد جيدي}}) (dhashay 2 Oktoobar 1952), oo loo yaqaanno '''Cali Geedi''',<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_hyDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Ali+Ghedi%22&pg=PA143 | title=Environmental Politics in the Middle East| isbn=9780190916688| last1=Verhoeven| first1=Harry| date=November 2018}}</ref> waa siyaasi Soomaaliyeed oo soo noqday [[Ra'iisul Wasaare|Ra'iisul Wasaaraha]] [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG) intii u dhaxaysay 2004 ilaa 2007. ​Isaga oo ahaa aqoonyahan hore iyo dhakhtar cilmiga xoolaha oo fadhigiisu ahaa [[Addis Ababa]], Geedi wuxuu ahaa shakhsi aan si weyn loo aqoon ka hor magacaabistiisii Noofembar 2004,<ref name="BBC-PROFILE">{{cite news |date=2004-11-04 |title=Profile: Ali Mohamed Ghedi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3982643.stm |access-date=2006-01-29 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> taas oo ka dhalatay olole xooggan oo ay samaysay dawladda Itoobiya. Geedi oo si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid [[Musuqmaasuq|musuqmaasuq]] leh uuna caqabad ku ahaa dib u heshiisiinta, wuxuu iscasilay Oktoobar 2007, waxaana booskiisii ra'iisul wasaarenimo lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-07 |title=Fractured TFG undermines security prospects - Somalia |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-fractured-tfg-undermines-security-prospects-07-apr-2008 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |publisher=[[Oxford Analytica]] |language=en |quote=The November 2007 replacement of former Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Gedi with Nur 'Adde' Hassan Hussein raised hopes for a political breakthrough in Somalia. Gedi was universally viewed as corrupt and a major obstacle to efforts at reconciliation.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ​ ==Noloshiisii hore== Cali Maxamed Geedi wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya sannadkii 1952-kii. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa beesha [[Abgaal]] ee [[Hawiye]]. Geedi waxaa soo korisay ayeeyadiis dhinaca aabbaha, markii dambena hooyadiis-labaad. Geedi aabbihii wuxuu ahaa sarkaal milatari, sannadkii 1978-kiina wuxuu ku biiray [[Hoggaanka Nabadsugidda Qaranka (Soomaaliya)|Nabadsugidda Qaranka (NSS)]] xilligii xukunka [[Siyaad Barre]] isaga oo haystay darajada Kolonel. Geedi waxaa qoratay NSS-ta xilligii uu ku jiray dugsiga sare iyo jaamacadda, isaga oo loo xilsaaray inuu kormeero uuna soo sheego ardayda ay isku fasalka yihiin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Tesfamariam |first=Sophia |date=28 December 2006 |title=Ali Mohammed Ghedi - Meles Zenawi's Stooge and Somalia's Traitor |url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211081746/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=18401 |archive-date=11 Feb 2007 |website=American Chronicle}}</ref> ​Wuxuu waxbarashadiisii u aaday [[Jaamacadda Pisa]], isaga oo ka qalin-jabiyay 1978-kii, ka dibna waxaa macallin kaaliye ah uga shaqaalaysiisay [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1980 ilaa 1983, wuxuu waxbarashada heerka sare ku qaatay Jaamacadda Pisa, isaga oo helay Shahaadada Dhakhtarnimo (Doctorate) ee Cilmiga Cudurrada Xoolaha iyo Qalliinka. Wuxuu dib ugu soo laabtay waxbaridda sannadkii 1983-kii isaga oo ahaa bare sare uuna madax ka ahaa waaxdaas ilaa 1990-kii. ​ == Shaqada Siyaasadda == ​Markii uu dillaacay [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]], Geedi wuxuu u shaqaynayay hoggaamiye kooxeedka [[Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] ee ururkii [[Jabhadda Caddaynta Soomaaliyeed|United Somali Congress]] (USC). Wuxuu ahaa Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha Difaaca ee Cali Mahdi intii lagu jiray dagaalladii qallafsanaa ee ka dhacay Muqdisho horraantii 1990-aadkii.<ref name=":2" /> Guud ahaan, Geedi looma aqoonin dhinaca siyaasadda ilaa laga magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha TFG intii lagu jiray 2004.<ref name="BBC-PROFILE" /> Sida ay sheegtay [[Sophia Tesfamariam Yohannes]], Geedi waxaa loo shaqaalaysiiyay sidii basaas u shaqeeya dawladda Itoobiya intii lagu jiray 1990-aadkii waxaana la siin jiray mushahar bishii. Wuxuu aqoon u lahaa madaxda [[Jabhadda Xoraynta Shacabka Tigray|Tigray Peoples Liberation Front]] (TPLF) maadaama aabbihii uu ahaa xiriiriyaha NSS-ta ee iyaga.<ref name=":2" /> ​ === Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah=== [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] ayaa Cali Maxamed Geedi u magacaabay Ra'iisul Wasaarihiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 11-kii Disembar 2004, baarlamaanka ayaa u codeeyay [[Mooshin|codka kalsooni kala noqoshada]] dawladda Geedi, iyaga oo ku dhawaaqay in magacaabistiisu ay tahay mid ka hor imanaysa dastuurka. In kasta oo ay taasi jirtay, Yuusuf wuxuu dib u magacaabay Geedi laba maalmood ka dib, inkasta oo ilaa dhammaadkii sannadka uusan Geedi dib u dhisin golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2005 |title=New government brings hope to war-ravaged country |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/52586/somalia-new-government-brings-hope-war-ravaged-country-yearender |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> Sida uu qabo [[Ioan Lewis|I.M. Lewis]], doorashadii Yuusuf ee madaxweynenimada iyo magacaabistiisii Geedi, oo xiriir la lahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Itoobiya [[Meles Zenawi]], waxaa si weyn u saameeyay Itoobiya. Xiriirradan ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaatay [[Dagaalkii Soomaaliya (2006–2009)|duulaankii Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya]] sannadkii 2006-dii.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=I.M. |author-link=Ioan Lewis |date=16 April 2007 |title=Ethiopia's Invasion of Somalia |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820013812/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Opinion_20/Ethiopia_s_Invasion_of_Somalia.shtml |archive-date=20 August 2007 |work=[[Garowe Online]] |quote=}}</ref> Wargeyska [[The New York Times|New York Times]] ayaa sheegay in, "Geedi kor u kiciisa awoodda ay dhab ahaantii ahayd wax ay Itoobiya abuurtay." Mas'uuliyiinta Itoobiya ayaa olole xooggan u galay inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Gettleman |first=Jeffrey |date=30 October 2007 |title=Somalia Premier Quits as Colleagues Cheer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/30/world/africa/30somalia.html |work=[[New York Times]] |quote=Mr. Gedi’s rise to power was essentially an Ethiopian creation. He spent much of his veterinary career at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. In 2004, Somalia’s transitional Parliament chose him as prime minister after heavy lobbying by Ethiopian officials, who portrayed him as a gifted technocrat.}}</ref> ​Bishii Maarso 2005, dood ku saabsanayd keenista ciidamo ajnabi ah, oo ay ku jiraan ciidamada Itoobiya, oo la keeno Soomaaliya ayaa horseeday rabshado ka dib markii qaraarkii la diiday iyadoo ay u codeeyeen 156 halka 55 ay oggolaadeen. Dagaal gacan ka hadal ah ayaa waxaa bilaabay qaar ka mid ah dadkii ka soo horjeeday natiijada, taas oo dhaawacday dhowr xildhibaan, codkiina waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu waxba kama jira yahay ka dib. Isaga oo ku adkaysanaya in la keeno ciidamo ajnabi ah oo ka socda dalalka deriska la ah Soomaaliya, Cali Geedi iyo Yuusuf waxay iska indho-tireen aragtida golihiisa wasiirada, aqlabiyadda cad ee baarlamaanka kumeelgaarka ah, iyo inta badan shacabka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 March 2005 |title=MPs wounded as fighting breaks out during peacekeeping debate |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/53473/somalia-mps-wounded-fighting-breaks-out-during-peacekeeping-debate |work=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2005-03-18 |title=Somali leaders regroup after Parliament brawl |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-03-18-somali-leaders-regroup-after-parliament-brawl/?amp |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[The Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ​Intii lagu jiray Juun 2005, TFG-du waxay markii ugu horraysay u soo guurtay gudaha Soomaaliya waxayna ballanqaadday inay dalka oo dhan ka hirgeliso maamulkeeda. Beddelkeeda waxay si dhakhso ah ugu dhammaatay is-maandhaaf dhexdeeda ah, waxaana soo baxay kala qaybsanaan gudaha ah oo halis ah. Laguma heshiin waayay goobtii ay dawladdu fadhiisan lahayd. 100 xubnood oo ka tirsan baarlamaanka oo ka kooban 275 - oo uu hoggaaminayo Guddoomiyaha [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] - ayaa doortay inay u guuraan [[Muqdisho]], iyaga oo sheegay inay isku dayi doonaan inay xasilloonida dib ugu soo celiyaan caasimadda. Dhinaca kale Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf, Ra'iisul Wasaare Cali Geedi iyo taageerayaashooda waxay xarun ka samaysteen [[Jowhar]], oo 90 km waqooyi ka xigta Muqdisho, iyaga oo sabab uga dhigay amni-darrada caasimadda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2006-01-16 |title=Somalia: Year in Review 2005 - Still waiting for change |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-year-review-2005-still-waiting-change |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> ​ === Duulaankii Itoobiya iyo kacdoonkii=== Bishii Maarso 2006, dagaal ayaa ka dillaacay hoggaamiye kooxeedyadii [[Isbahaysiga Soo-celinta Nabadda iyo La-dagaallanka Argagixisada]] (ARPCT) iyo [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] (ICU) oo ku saabsan gacan ku haynta Muqdisho, kaas oo sii xoogaystay bishii Maajo. Ra'iisul Wasaaruhu wuxuu ka dalbaday hoggaamiye kooxeedyada, oo afar ka mid ahi ay ka tirsanaayeen dawladda TFG,<ref name="WARLORDS-BATTLE">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4836494.stm |title=Somali warlords battle Islamists |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2006-03-23 |access-date=2007-01-29}}</ref> inay joojiyaan dagaalka ay kula jiraan ICU-da, laakiin amarkaas waa la iska indho-tiray dhamaantiis, sidaas darteed Geedi wuxuu ka eryay Baarlamaanka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Wasiirkii Nabadsugidda Qaranka [[Maxamed Afrax Qanyare]], Wasiirkii Ganacsiga [[Muuse Suudi Yalaxow]], Wasiirkii Dhaqan-celinta Maleeshiyada [[Ciise Bootaan Caalin]] iyo Wasiirkii Arrimaha Diinta [[Cumar Maxamuud Finnish]].<ref name="FIRES-MINISTERS">{{cite news |title=Islamic militia ends 15 year Somali warlords' rule |url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |publisher=[[IslamOnline.net]] and news agencies |date=2006-06-05 |access-date=2007-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318113824/http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-06/05/05.shtml |archive-date=2007-03-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 13-kii Agoosto 2006, Geedi wuxuu dib u habeeyay golihiisa wasiirada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XUKUUMADDA CUSUB EE PROF. GEEDI OO MAANTA LAGU HOR DHAARINAYO GOLAHA BAARLAMAANKA |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2006/aug/wararka_maanta13.html |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> ​Geedi wuxuu fagaarayaasha ka sheegay in 8,000 oo dagaalyahanno ajnabi ah ay u dagaallamayeen ICU ka hor duulaankii Itoobiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cawthorne |first=Andrew |date=2006-12-25 |title=Somali PM says 8,000 foreign fighters with Islamists |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/interview-somali-pm-says-8000-foreign-fighters-islamists |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |language=en |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray Disembar 2006, ciidamada Itoobiya iyo TFG-da waxay [[dhicitaankii Muqdisho|soo galeen Muqdisho]]. 1-dii Janaayo 2007, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay "Xilligii hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ee Muqdisho hadda waa dhammaaday."<ref name="SOMALI-PRIME-MINISTER-ORDERS-COMPLETE-DISARMAMENT">[http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/somali-prime-minister-orders-complete-disarmament/2007/01/02/1167500070792.html Somali prime minister orders complete disarmament] [[Associated Press]]</ref> Tallaabooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Geedi waxaa ka mid ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqay [[xeerka degdegga ah]] muddo saddex bilood ah, isagoo ku baaqay [[hub ka dhigista Soomaaliya|hub ka dhigista maleeshiyooyinka]], iyo magacaabista [[Garsoorka Soomaaliya|garsoorayaal cusub]].<ref name="SOMALIA-JUDGES-SWORN-IN-THE-CAPITAL">{{cite news |title = Somalia: Judges sworn in the capital |url = http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |publisher = SomaliNet |date = 2007-01-04 |access-date = 2007-01-15 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070117031022/http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6446 |archive-date = 2007-01-17 }}</ref> Amarradii la soo saaray, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen mamnuucista isu-imaatinka dadweynaha, isku dayada abaabulka ololayaasha siyaasadeed iyo hay'adaha warbaahinta ee waaweyn, waxaa xoog ku fuliyay ciidamada Itoobiya. Isbaarooyinkii maleeshiyooyinka hoggaamiye kooxeedyada ayaa bilaabay inay dib uga soo muuqdaan waddooyinka Muqdisho, amni-darradiina waxay mar kale bilowday inay ku soo laabato magaalada.<ref name="Samatar-2007a">{{Cite web |last=Samatar |first=Abdi Ismail |date=2007-02-14 |title=Somalia: Warlordism, Ethiopian Invasion, Dictatorship and US's Role |url=https://sudantribune.com/article20646/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=[[Sudan Tribune]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214003328/https://sudantribune.com/article20646/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Geedi wuxuu ahaa bartilmaameedka isku day dil.<ref name="ATTACK-ON-HOME"> {{cite news |date=2004-06-04 |title=Profile: Somali PM survives attack on home |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420100646/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200706/s1941165.htm |archive-date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2006-06-04 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}} </ref> ​ === Musuqmaasuqa iyo iscasilaadda=== Geedi waxaa si weyn loo arkayay inuu ahaa mid musuqmaasuq leh, waxaana lagu beddelay [[Nuur Xasan Xuseen]] isaga oo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaare dabayaaqadii 2007.<ref name=":12" /> Mid ka mid ah murannada waaweyn ee soo dedejiyay iscasilaadiisa wuxuu ahaa khilaaf ku saabsanaa deeq dhan $32 milyan oo ka timid Sacuudi Carabiya, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu maalgeliyo shir dib u heshiisiin qaran ah. Geedi wuxuu qayb badan oo lacagtaas ka mid ah u qaatay naftiisa, taas oo keentay inuu xumaado xiriirka u dhexeeya labada hoggaamiye. Mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanka iyo Itoobiya oo ka niyad-jabay is-mari-waaga siyaasadeed ee ka dhex jira TFG-da ayaa la sheegay inay soo farageliyeen. Geedi waxaa looga yeeray Addis Ababa si uu wada-hadallo u galo, halkaas oo uu maalmo ku qaatay kulamo albaabadu u xiran yihiin oo uu la lahaa dibloomaasiyiin Maraykan iyo Itoobiyaan ah.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Bloomfield |first=Steve |date=9 Feb 2008 |title=Somalia: The World's forgotten catastrophe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525142354/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/somalia-the-world-s-forgotten-catastrophe-778225.html |archive-date=2025-05-25 |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB}}</ref> ​Beddelka inuu iscasilo, Geedi waxaa la siiyay magangalyo dalka Maraykanka ah waxaana loo oggolaaday inuu haysto qayb ka mid ah lacagihii Sacuudiga ee haray. Ka dib wuxuu u guuray Los Angeles, halkaas oo mas'uuliyiinta Maraykanku la sheegay inay uga habaysteen jagada aqoonyahan ee Jaamacadda California.<ref name=":3" /> ​Geedi wuxuu iscasilaadiisa kaga dhawaaqay horteeda baarlamaanka magaalada Baydhabo 29-kii Oktoobar 2007, sababo la xiriira khilaaf ka dhex dhashay isaga iyo madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf]]. Waxaa jira xan sheegaysa in Geedi uu aqbalay inuu iscasilo si uu u helo taageero siyaasadeed mustaqbalka.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/14797043-E41C-4B1C-92AF-3C9517EE827F.htm "Somali prime minister resigns"], Al Jazeera, October 29, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7067053.stm "Somali prime minister steps down"], BBC News, October 29, 2007.</ref> Wuxuu sii ahaa xubin baarlamaan.<ref name="Run">[http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml "Somalia's former PM to run for president in 2009"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=20080108150527 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108150527/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_s_former_PM_to_run_for_president_in_2009.shtml |date=2008-01-08 }}, Garowe Online, January 6, 2008.</ref> Horraantii 2008, Geedi wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartami doono madaxweynenimada sannadka 2009-ka.<ref name="Run" /> ​ ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{War in Somalia (2006–09)}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Geedi, Cali Maxamed}} j2wuvwslkwid7798ca6wbuptd5nsyd1 Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle 0 46522 312256 293320 2026-11-11T05:39:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle<br />{{script|Arabic|موسى حسن شيخ عبد الله}} | image = Muse Hassan Abdulle.jpg | image_size = 200px | office = [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] | status = [[Sii-hayaha|Sii-haye]] | primeminister = [[Cabdiweli Gaas]] | term_start = 20 Agoosto 2012 | term_end = 28 Agoosto 2012 | predecessor = [[Shariif Sheekh Axmed]] | successor = [[Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]] {{small|(sii-haye)}} | office1 = [[Liiska guddoomiyayaasha Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya]] | status1 = [[Sii-hayaha|Sii-haye]] | term_start1 = 20 Agoosto 2012 | term_end1 = 28 Agoosto 2012 | predecessor1 = [[Shariif Xasan Sheekh Aadan]] | successor1 = [[Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]] | office2 = Safiirka u fadhiya [[Talyaaniga]] | term_start2 = 20 Juun 2013 | birth_name = Mussa Hassan Sheikh Abdulle | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|12|25}}{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} | birth_place = [[Shilaabo]], [[Deegaanka Soomaalida]], [[Itoobiya]]{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Siyaasi madax-bannaan|Madax-bannaan]] | parliament = [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya]] }} '''Muuse Xasan Sheekh Sayid Cabdulle''' ({{langx|so|Muuse Xasan Sheekh Cabdulle}}, {{langx|ar|موسى حسن الشيخ سعيد عبد الله}}; dhashay 1940), sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Muuse Sayyid Xasan''' ama '''Mussa Hassan Sheikh Abdulle''',<ref>Somalia: State Collapse, Terrorism and Piracy, p. 26</ref> waa sarkaal sare oo milatari iyo siyaasi [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed|Soomaaliyeed]]. Wuxuu ahaa sii-hayaha [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Soomaaliya|madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] iyo guddoomiyaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]].<ref name="Ecavs">{{cite web|title=Visit of Catherine Ashton, Vice-President of the EC, to Somalia|url=http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/photo/photoByReportage.cfm?ref=021607&sitelang=en|publisher=European Commission|accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> Waa safiirka Soomaaliya u fadhiya [[Talyaaniga]].<ref name="Midnimo 20130620">{{cite web|last=Adan|first=Ahmed|title=Somalia:Council of Ministers appoints five new Somali Ambassadors|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/20/somaliacouncil-of-ministers-appoints-five-new-somali-ambassadors/|publisher=Midnimo.com|accessdate=September 5, 2013|date=20 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828015848/http://www.midnimo.com/2013/06/20/somaliacouncil-of-ministers-appoints-five-new-somali-ambassadors/|archive-date=28 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Taariikh Nololeedka== Magaciisa waxaa loo qoraa dhowr qaab oo ay ka mid tahay ''Musa Hassan Abdulle''.<ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm">{{cite news|title=Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|accessdate=24 August 2012|newspaper=Forum on China-Africa Cooperation|date=21 August 2012|archive-date=14 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014234626/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu dhashay sannadkii 1940-kii isagoo ku dhashay Shilaabo, Ogaden, wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa beesha Bahgeri ee ka tirsan beel-weynta Ogaadeen, Absame, Kuumade ee qabiilka [[Daarood]].<ref name="Bfl">{{cite web|title=Federal legislators|url=http://www.bar-kulan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/List-of-selected-MPS.pdf|publisher=Bar-Kulan|accessdate=17 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm"/> ​ ==Shaqada== ===Shaqada Milatariga=== Cabdulle wuxuu ahaa xubin caan ah oo ka tirsan [[Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]]. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saddexdii sarkaal ee ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah oo ka qalin-jabiya [[Akadeemiyada Milatariga ee Modena]] (Accademia Militare di Modena) oo ku taal [[Modena]], waqooyiga [[Talyaaniga]].<ref name="Asducamm">{{cite web|title=ALLIEVI SOMALI DEL 141° Corso Accademia Militare Modena 1959/1961|url=http://nuke.somaliofficers.com/Documents/Corso16Classof19591961/tabid/491/Default.aspx|publisher=Association of Somali Former Cadets of Modena Military Academy|accessdate=9 August 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217142316/http://nuke.somaliofficers.com/Documents/Corso16Classof19591961/tabid/491/Default.aspx|archivedate=17 February 2015}}</ref> Sannadkii 1985-tii, Cabdulle wuxuu helay deeq waxbarasho si uu uga qayb galo [[Jaamacadda Difaaca Qaranka (Washington, D.C.)|Jaamacadda Difaaca Qaranka]] ee ku taal [[Washington, D.C.]] Wuxuu ka qalin-jabiyay machadkaas sannadkii ku xigay.<ref name="Nconsconf">{{cite web|last=International Student Management Office|title=Class of 1986 – Class of 1995|url=http://ismo.dodlive.mil/alumni-resources/alumni-on-the-move/class-of-1986-1995/|publisher=National Defense University|accessdate=9 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528224938/http://ismo.dodlive.mil/alumni-resources/alumni-on-the-move/class-of-1986-1995/|archive-date=28 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​ ===Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya=== ====Baarlamaanka Federaalka iyo madaxweynenimada ku-meel-gaarka ah==== Ka dib dhammaadkii waajibaadkii [[Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG) ee 20 Agoosto 2012 iyo bilowgii [[Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya]], Cabdulle, isagoo ahaa xildhibaanka ugu da'da weyn, ayaa loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] intii lagu jiray fadhigii furitaanka ee lagu qabtay [[Garoonka Caalamiga ah ee Aadan Cadde]] ee magaalada [[Muqdisho]].<ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm"/><ref name="Mhsecps">{{cite news|title=Muse Hassan, 72, elected caretaker Parliament Speaker|url=https://news.yahoo.com/photos/photo-of-the-day-slideshow-slideshow/muse-hassan-72-elected-caretaker-parliament-speaker-speaks-photo-194351254.html|accessdate=25 August 2012|newspaper=Associated Press|date=20 August 2012}}</ref> Waxaa intaas dheer in loo magacaabay Sii-hayaha Madaxweynaha intii ay socotay xafladda,<ref name="Softspr">{{cite web|title=Office of the President|url=http://www.somaligov.net/President.html|publisher=Office of the Somali President|accessdate=3 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207001437/http://www.somaligov.net/President.html|archive-date=7 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Rulers">{{cite web|title=August 2012 - Somalia|url=http://rulers.org/2012-08.html|publisher=Rulers.org|accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref> taas oo sidoo kale lagu dhaqay xildhibaano badan.<ref name="Fcacsunesinpshm"/> Doorashada guddoomiyaha cusub ee Baarlamaanka ayaa la qabtay 28 Agoosto 2012, iyadoo wasiirkii hore ee Gaadiidka iyo wasiirkii hore ee Shaqada iyo Isboortiga [[Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]] loo doortay guddoomiyaha rasmiga ah.<ref name="Vspepfng">{{cite news|title=Somali Parliament Elects Speaker for New Gov't|url=http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2012/08/28/somali-parliament-elects-speaker-for-new-govt/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103953/http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2012/08/28/somali-parliament-elects-speaker-for-new-govt/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 18, 2015|accessdate=28 August 2012|newspaper=Voice of America|date=28 August 2012}}</ref> ​30 Agoosto 2012, Baarlamaanka Federaalka ayaa isugu yimid waxayna si aqlabiyad leh u ansixiyeen guddi cusub oo loo xilsaaray ilaalinta [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2012|doorashooyinka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2012]]. Fadhigii baarlamaanka ee uu guddoomiyay Guddoomiye Jawaari, 15 xildhibaan ayaa loo magacaabay guddigaas, waxaana Cabdulle loo magacaabay guddoomiyaha guddiga.<ref name="Rsnpepec">{{cite news|title=SOMALIA: New Parliament endorses presidential election commission|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2012/08/somalia-new-parliament-endorses-presidential-election-commission/|accessdate=9 September 2012|newspaper=RBC Radio|date=30 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904014824/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2012/08/somalia-new-parliament-endorses-presidential-election-commission/|archive-date=4 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cod-bixinta ayaa ugu dambeyntii dhacday 1 Sebtembar 2012, iyadoo [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] loo doortay Madaxweynaha cusub ee Soomaaliya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Somali lawmakers elect Mohamud as next president |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011112856/https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910 |archive-date=2022-10-11 |url-status=live |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910}}</ref> ​ ====Safiirka u fadhiya Talyaaniga==== 20 Juun 2013, Cabdulle waxaa golaha wasiiradu u magacaabeen safiirka Soomaaliya u fadhiya [[Talyaaniga]].<ref name="Midnimo 20130620"/> ​ ==Tababarka milatariga iyo xilalka== ===Tababarka=== ​[[Jaamacadda Difaaca Qaranka (Washington, D.C.)|Jaamacadda Difaaca Qaranka]], [[Washington, D.C.]] – Dufcaddii 1986 ​Scuola di Guerra (Kulliyadda Dagaalka), [[Civitavecchia]], [[Talyaaniga]] – 1968–70 ​Tababarka Taliyaha Guutada, [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] – 1964–65 ​Scuola Applicazione d'Arma (Machadka Cilmibaarista Milatariga), [[Turin]], Talyaaniga – 1961–63 ​Akadeemiyada Milatariga ee Modena, [[Modena]], Talyaaniga – 1959–61 ​Scuola Media Superiore (Dugsiga Sare), Muqdisho – 1955–59 ===Khibrada=== ​Taliyaha, [[Qaybta 60aad (Soomaaliya)|Qaybta 60aad]], [[Baydhabo]], Soomaaliya – 1986–89 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Sarreeye guuto]] – 1986 ​Taliyaha, Kulliyadda Dagaalka ee Axmed Gurey, Muqdisho – 1983–84 ​Xubin, Guddiga Iibsiga Qaranka, Muqdisho – 1979–83 ​Defense Attache, [[Roma]], Talyaaniga – 1976–79 ​La-taliyaha Milatariga & Kaaliyaha Madaxweynaha – 1973–76 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Gashaanle sare]] – 1974 ​Agaasimaha Hawlgallada, Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga – 1971–73 ​Taliyaha, [[Qaybta 26aad (Soomaaliya)|Qaybta 26aad]], Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed, [[Hargeysa]] – 1970–71 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Gaashaanle dhexe]] – 1970 ​Taliyaha, Guutada Taangiyada iyo kuwa lugeynaya, Hargeysa – 1965–68 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Gaashaanle]] – 1967 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Dhamme]] – 1965 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Is-gaashaanle koowaad]] – 1963 ​Waxaa loo dallacsiiyay darajada [[Is-gaashaanle labaad]] – 1961 ​Ku biirista Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed – 1959 ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist|30em}} ​ ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Maxamed Cali Samatar]] *[[Cabdirisaaq Maxamuud Abubakar]] *[[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] *[[Cabdullaahi Axmed Cirro]] ​{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Shariif Sheekh Axmed]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya]] Sii-haye|years=2012}} {{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Maxamed Cusmaan Jawaari]]}} Sii-haye}} {{s-end}} 39f0nt94ijtemtfqxmjt64ax85z56i4 Cabdul Raxiim Al-Kumri 0 46535 312199 297496 2026-11-10T23:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson |image=Abderrahim Goumri.jpg |caption=Goumri jooga [[2008 New York City Marathon]] |birth_date=21 May 1976 |death_date={{death date and age|19 Jan 2013|21 May 1976}} }} '''Cabdul Raxiim Al-Kumri''' ({{langx|ar|عبد الرحيم الغومري}}; 21 May 1976 – 19 Janaayo 2013 gudaha [[Temara]], [[Morocco]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418054231/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/go/abderrahim-goumri-1.html Goumri, Abderrahim]. Sports Reference. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> wuxuu ahaa [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[Orodyahannada masaafada dheer|orodyahan masaafada dheer ah]]. Wuxuu ku tartamay [[Orodka dhulka|orodka dhulka]], [[Ciyaaraha fudud|garoonka]], [[Orodka waddada|orodka waddada]] iyo tartamada [[Marathon|marathon-ka]]. ​Qaybtii hore ee shaqadiisa wuxuu ku qaatay dalka Norway, wuxuuna magac ku yeeshay bandhigyadii [[Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], halkaas oo uu dalkiisa ka caawiyay in ay helaan billadaha [[billad naxaas ah|naxaasta]] ee kooxda daabacaadihii 2002 iyo 2003. Wuxuu gaaray finalka orodka garoonka ee [[5000 mitir]] [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalkii Adduunka 2003]] iyo [[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga]]. Sannadkii 2005 wuxuu orday natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsanayd ee shaqadiisa oo ahayd 12:50.25 daqiiqo fogaantaas, isagoo galay kaalinta kow iyo tobnaad ee liiska abid ugu wanaagsan. ​Laga soo bilaabo 2007 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay wuxuu xoogga saaray orodka marathon-ka, wuxuuna galay kaalinta labaad labada tartan ee [[London Marathon|London]] iyo [[New York City Marathon|New York]] sannadkaas. Wuxuu dhigay [[Rikoorka Morocco ee ciyaaraha fudud|rikoorka Morocco]] oo ahaa 2:05:30 saacadood isagoo galay kaalinta saddexaad London Marathon 2008, wuxuuna noqday orodyahankii lixaad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badnaa marathon-ka xilligaas. Wuxuu ahaa kaalinta labaad New York Marathon 2008 iyo 2009 [[Chicago Marathon]]. In kasta oo uu bandhigyo wanaagsan ka sameeyay tartamada waaweyn, haddana si fiican uguma tartamin dhacdooyinka horyaalnimada—isagoo galay kaalinta labaatanaad [[2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Beijing]] isagoo sidoo kale ku guuldareystay inuu dhammeystiro Horyaallada Adduunka ee 2007, 2009 iyo 2011. ​7-dii Juun 2012, Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Ciyaaraha Fudud (IAAF) ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Goumri si kumeel gaar ah looga joojiyay ciyaaraha sababo la xiriira qiimayaal dhiig oo aan caadi ahayn oo laga helay "baasaboorkiisa bayoolojiga." Wargeyska Faransiiska ee ''[[L'Équipe]]'' ayaa sheegay in IAAF ay ku talinaysay ganaax laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dembiga doping-ka. Wuxuu helay ganaax afar sano ah.<ref name=IAAFlist2013>{{cite web| url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=763841ee-f441-41ea-befa-961002781226.pdf&urlslug=List| title= Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 11.1.13| date = 11 Janaayo 2013| publisher = IAAF}}</ref> ​Goumri wuxuu dhintay 19-kii Janaayo 2013 shil baabuur oo ka dhacay Temara, Morocco isagoo ku sii jeeda Rabat.<ref name="moroccoworldnews"/> ​ ==Shaqada== ​===Tartamadii hore=== Isagoo markii hore u ordayay naadiga caanka ah ee [[Olympique de Safi]], muuqaalkii ugu horreeyay ee caalami ah oo Goumri u matalo Morocco wuxuu ahaa isagoo dhallinyaro ah [[1995 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], halkaas oo uu galay kaalinta 25-aad uuna qayb ka noqday billadda naxaasta ee kooxda dhallinyarada.<ref>Benchrif, Mohamed (2011-09-15). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/athletes/newsid=27396.html Focus on Athletes - Abderrahim Goumri]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Bilowgii shaqadiisa, wuxuu degganaa Norway. Wuxuu orday [[Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon]] 1997 wuxuuna ku guuleystay waqti ah 2:30:54 saacadood.<ref>Loonstra, Klaas & Gasparovic, Juraj (2010-06-28). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_TromsoMa.htm Midnight Sun Marathon] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_TromsoMa.htm |date=20260316053744 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Sannadkii 1999, wuxuu ku guuleystay horyaalnimada Norway ee labada [[1500 mitir]] iyo [[5000 mitir]].<ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.co.uk/nc/nor.htm Norwegian Championships] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001605/http://www.gbrathletics.co.uk/nc/nor.htm |date=September 27, 2007 }} - GBR Athletics</ref><ref>[http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m1500.htm Norwegian championships in 1500 metres] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003053/http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m1500.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m5000.htm Norwegian championships in 5000 metres] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000404/http://www.friidrett.no/friidrett/statistikk/nm/m5000.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref> Sida saaxiibkiis ay isku dalka yihiin ee [[Khalid Skah]], oo ku guuleystay horyaalnimada Norway ee 5000 m sannadihii 1997, 1998 iyo 2000, Goumri wuxuu matalay naadiga ciyaaraha fudud ee [[IL i BUL]]. Wuxuu guulo xiriir ah ka gaaray kulanka [[Eurocross]] ee Luxembourg, isagoo horyaalka qaaday 2000 iyo 2001.<ref name=ARRS>Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (2009-02-28). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm Eurocross 10.2 km (men) + 5.3 km (women)] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm |date=20190506235147 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2010-03-01.</ref> ​Wuxuu xoogga saaray [[Orodka garoonka|orodka garoonka]] sannadkii 2001: wuxuu qayb ka ahaa guushii Morocco ku xaaqday billadaha 5000 m ee [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] (isagoo qaatay qalin).,<ref name=JF>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fg.htm Francophone Games]. GBR Athletics. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ka dibna wuxuu ku orday finalka [[10,000 mitir]] ee [[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Wuxuu xilli ciyaareedkiisii garoonka ku soo xiray kaalinta tobnaad ee orodka [[3000 mitir]] ee [[2001 IAAF Grand Prix Final]].<ref name=IAAFBio>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=55511/index.html Goumri, Abderrahim]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu isku caddeeyay inuu yahay orodyahan ku tartami kara xilli ciyaareedyadii xigay fogaano iyo dusha kala duwan. Wuxuu ahaa toddobaad orodka dheer ee [[2002 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] (isagoo ka caawiyay Morocco billadda naxaasta ee kooxda) wuxuuna si yar ku waayay billadda 10,000 m isagoo galay kaalinta afaraad [[2002 Horyaalka Afrika ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Kaalintiisii tobnaad iyo shan iyo tobnaad ee orodka gaaban iyo kan dheer ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] waxay Morocco u keentay labo billadood oo naxaas ah oo kooxda ah. Sidoo kale wuxuu si fiican u soo bandhigay garoonka dhexdiisa, isagoo galay sagaalaad fogaanta [[3000 mitir]] ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF]] ka dibna tobnaad dibadda orodka 5000 m ee [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]]. Bishii Oktoobar ee sannadkaas wuxuu galay labo iyo tobnaad [[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon ee IAAF]], isagoo dalkiisa ka caawiyay kaalinta afaraad ee darajada kooxaha.<ref name=IAAFBio/> ​===Ka soo muuqashadiisii Olombikada=== Goumri wuxuu hal kaalin horumaray isagoo galay 14-aad orodka dheer ee [[2004 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], laakiin reer Morocco waxaa kaalinta afaraad kaga guuleystay kooxda Eritrea.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2004/eventCode=3227/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2004 World XC - Men's Long Race Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023101423/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2004/eventCode=3227/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det |date=2012-10-23 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Orodka garoonka ayaa noqday diiraddiisa sannadkaas wuxuuna markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday Olombikada bishii Agoosto, isagoo gaaray finalka 5000 m ee [[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Athens]] uuna ku dhammeystay orodka kaalinta 13-aad. Wuxuu ahaa sagaalaad [[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final]],<ref name=IAAFBio/> laakiin wuxuu billad ka helay heer gobol isagoo qaatay qalinka ka dambeeyay [[Khoudir Aggoune]] ee [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Pan Arab|Ciyaaraha Pan Arab]].<ref>[http://tunisathle.voila.net/Evenements/JeuxPanarabes/JPanarab2004Alger.pdf 10e Jeux PANARABES]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [[Fédération Tunisienne d'Athlétisme]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Isagoo galay siddeed iyo tobnaad orodka gaaban ee [[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], isaga iyo saaxiibbadiis [[Adil Kaouch]], [[Mohamed Moustaoui]] iyo [[Hicham Bellani]] ayaa mar kale noqday kaalinta afaraad ee ugu wanaagsan (waxaa markan ka guuleystay Qatar).<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2005/eventCode=3363/results/sex=M/discCode=XC/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2005 World XC - Men's Short Race Team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315210151/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2005/eventCode%3D3363/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXC/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/team.html |date=March 15, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu dhigay natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsaneyd ee 10,000 m bishii May, isagoo orday waqti ah 27:02.62 daqiiqo, wuxuuna galay siddeedaad finalka dhacdadaas ee [[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalkii Adduunka]] ee sannadkaas. Wuxuu dhigay natiijo kale oo shaqadiisa u wanaagsan ee garoonka dhexdiisa tartankii [[Memorial van Damme]] bishii Agoosto waqti ah 12:50.25 daqiiqo ee 5000 m – calaamad ka dhigtay kow iyo tobnaad liiska abid ugu wanaagsan isagoo ka dambeeyay [[Hicham El Guerrouj]].<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=5000/detail.html 5000 Metres All Time]. [[IAAF]] (2010-09-04). Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabkan looma beddelin 3000 m, kaas oo uu ku orday [[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final|2005 IAAF World Athletics Final]] uuna galay oo kaliya tobnaad guud ahaan.<ref name=IAAFBio/> [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie|2005 Jeux de la Francophonie]] wuxuu ahaa tartankiisii ugu dambeeyay ee sannadka wuxuuna doortay 10,000 m, isagoo xaqiijiyay qalin ka dambeeyay orodyahanka reer Rwanda ee [[Dieudonné Disi]].<ref>[http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/liste.aspx?frmbase=resultats&frmmode=1&frmespace=0&frmcompetition=008936 2005 Francophonie Games Results] {{Wayback|url=http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/liste.aspx?frmbase=resultats&frmmode=1&frmespace=0&frmcompetition=008936 |date=20180917222500 }}. Athlé. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Sannadkii 2006 wuxuu ahaa sannadkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee uu ku ordo garoonka, laakiin wuxuu dhigay natiijada ugu fiican ee gudaha ee 5000 m (13:29.55) gudaha Stockholm bishii Febraayo. Wuxuu sii watay guulaha uu ka gaaray [[2006 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]] isagoo galay kow iyo tobnaad orodka dheer, isagoo orodka ku dhammeystay orodyahankii ugu horreeyay ee aan ka soo jeedin Bariga Afrika.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2006/eventCode=3484/results/sex=M/discCode=XS/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det 2006 World XC - Men's Long Race] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222045221/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2006/eventCode%3D3484/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXS/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/results.html |date=February 22, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu bilaabay inuu u gudbo [[Orodka waddada|orodka waddada]] dhammaadkii sannadka wuxuu guul ka gaaray tartanka [[BOclassic]] 10 km.<ref>Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (2011-01-03). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_BoC10.htm Corsa Internazionale di San Silvestro] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_BoC10.htm |date=20180917222514 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​ ===U gudubka marathon-ka=== [[File:Goumri 2010 NYC Marathon.jpg|thumb|Goumri oo ordaya jooga [[2010 New York City Marathon]]]] In kasta oo ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in Goumri uu galay 21-aad [[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF]], haddana bandhig kooxeed oo xooggan (oo ay ku jiraan [[Anis Selmouni]] iyo [[Ahmed Baday]]) ayaa u keenay billadiisii ugu horreysay ee qalin ah ee kooxda ee dhacdadaas.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season=2007/eventCode=3651/results/sex=M/discCode=XSE/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/team.html#det 2007 World XC - Men's Senior Race Team] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305152301/http://www.iaaf.org/history/WXC/season%3D2007/eventCode%3D3651/results/sex%3DM/discCode%3DXSE/combCode%3Dhash/roundCode%3Df/team.html |date=March 5, 2011 }}. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Goumri wuxuu si guul leh ugu soo laabtay tartanka [[Marathon|marathon-ka]] (kiisii ugu horreeyay tan iyo 1997) tartankii 2007 [[London Marathon]], isagoo galay kaalinta labaad waqti ah 2:07:44, saddex ilbiriqsi oo qura ka dambeeyay [[Martin Lel]].<ref>Downes, Steven (2008-04-22). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=38412.html Zhou demolishes and Lel out-sprints rivals in the heat of London]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu ku takhasusay orodkiisa cusub [[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]], laakiin kuma guuleysan inuu dhammeystiro orodka.<ref name=IAAFBio/> Goumri wuxuu doonayay inuu ka soo kabsado bandhiggaas isagoo iska diiwaangeliyay [[New York City Marathon]]. Sida London oo kale, orodku wuxuu noqday dagaal u dhexeeya Lel iyo orodyahanka reer Morocco, taariikhduna way soo noqotay markii orodyahanka reer Kenya uu horay u cararay si uu u guuleysto halka Goumri uu ku qancay kaalinta labaad (isagoo diiwaangeliyay waqti ah 2:09:16).<ref>Dunaway, James (2007-11-04). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/newsid=42262.html Radcliffe and Lel pull off stunning victories in New York]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Orod aad u dheereeya oo ka dhacay London Marathon 2008, Goumri wuxuu orodka ku dhammeystay kaalinta saddexaad laakiin weli wuxuu dhigay [[Rikoorka Morocco ee ciyaaraha fudud|rikoorka qaran ee Morocco]] oo ahaa 2:05:30 si uu u noqdo orodyahankii lixaad ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badnaa abid masaafadaas. Wuxuu orday [[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee Beijing]] laakiin mar kale wuxuu ku dhibtooday heerka horyaalnimada, isagoo orodka ku dhammeystay kaalinta 20-aad ku dhowaad toban daqiiqo ka dambeeyay natiijadiisii ugu wanaagsaneyd.<ref name=WMM>[http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ Abderrahim Goumri] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ |date=20110423034950 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423034950/http://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/US/athletes/athlete/122/ |date=April 23, 2011 }}. [[World Marathon Majors]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> New York waxay mar kale u noqotay goob uu isku soo furto, in kasta oo uu orodka ka xukumi jiray dhanka hore marxaladihii dambe, haddana wuxuu ku daciifay qaybtii u dambaysay wuxuuna u oggolaaday [[Marilson Gomes Dos Santos]] inuu kaga guuleysto kaalinta labaad.<ref>Dunaway, James (2008-11-02). [http://www.iaaf.org/lrr08/news/newsid=48186.html Radcliffe retains her title, Gomes dos Santos regains his - New York Marathon report]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​London Marathon 2009, wuxuu ahaa lixaad wax horumar ahna lagama helin [[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud]], halkaas oo uu mar kale kaga haray orodka.<ref>[http://berlin.iaaf.org/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=MAR/combCode=hash/timetable.html Marathon results] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090906030459/http://berlin.iaaf.org/results/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=MAR/combCode=hash/timetable.html Archived] 2009-09-08). [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Wuxuu orod dhexdhexaad ah ka sameeyay 2009 [[Chicago Marathon]] go'aankiisii ahaa inuu iska indhatiro xawaaraha furitaanka ee dheereeyayna wuxuu u keenay natiijo, isagoo ka sara maray dhammaan marka laga reebo [[Samuel Wanjiru]] uuna diiwaangeliyay natiijadiisii labaad ee ugu wanaagsaneyd abid oo ahayd 2:06:04.<ref name=WMM/><ref>[http://marathoninfo.free.fr/athletes/maroc/goumri.htm Goumri, Abderrahim]. Marathon Info. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> Goumri wuxuu kaalinta saddexaad ka galay [[Philadelphia Half Marathon]] bishii Sebtembar 2010.<ref>Larkin, Duncan (2010-09-20). [http://www.iaaf.org/WHM10/news/kind=100/newsid=58358.html Defar clocks 1:07:44 in Half Marathon debut in Philadelphia]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2010-09-20.</ref> Laba bilood ka dib wuxuu orday [[2010 New York City Marathon]] uuna galay kaalinta afaraad, isagoo toban ilbiriqsi ka dambeeyay kaalinta saddexaad oo uu galay [[Moses Kigen Kipkosgei]].<ref>Dunaway, James (2010-11-07). [http://www.iaaf.org/LRR10/news/newsid=58674.html Gebremariam and Kiplagat cruise to New York victories]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​Wuxuu sannadkii 2011 ku bilaabay orodkiisii ugu horreeyay ee [[Asia]] tartanka [[Seoul International Marathon]] bishii Maarso wuxuuna ka guuleystay horyaalkii difaacanayay ee [[Sylvester Teimet]] si uu ugu guuleysto orodka waqti ah 2:09:11 saacadood.<ref>Jalava, Mirko (2011-03-20). [http://www.iaaf.org/LRR11/news/newsid=59565.html Goumri and Guta take victories in Seoul]. [[IAAF]]. Waxaa la soo celiyay 2011-03-20.</ref> ​==Geerida== Abderrahim Goumri wuxuu dhintay 19-kii Janaayo 2013 shil baabuur oo ka dhacay Temara, Morocco, isagoo ku sii jeeda Rabat. Wuxuu ahaa 36 sano jir.<ref name="moroccoworldnews">{{cite web|title=Moroccan Marathon runner Abderrahim Goumri dies in a car accident|url=http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2013/01/74407/moroccan-marathon-runner-abderrahim-goumri-dies-in-a-car-accident/|publisher=moroccoworldnews.com|access-date=27 April 2014|date=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ar:وفاة العدّاء المغربي الغومري في حادث سير|url=http://ww1.aljazeerasport.net/news/others/2013/01/201311918511574557.html|publisher=aljazeerasport.net|access-date=27 April 2014|language=ar|date=19 Janaayo 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427184752/http://ww1.aljazeerasport.net/news/others/2013/01/201311918511574557.html|archive-date=27 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Łudzik|first=Piotr|title=Abderrahim Goumri nie żyje|url=http://www.bieganie.pl/?show=1&cat=11&id=4736|publisher=bieganie.pl|access-date=27 April 2014|language=pl|date=20 Janaayo 2013|archive-date=27 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427211959/http://www.bieganie.pl/?show=1&cat=11&id=4736|url-status=dead}}</ref> ​ ==Guulaha== {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Meteleysa {{MAR}} |- |rowspan=2|2001 |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Ottawa]], Canada |bgcolor=silver|2aad |5000 m |- |[[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Edmonton]], Canada |16aad |[[2001 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – 10,000 mitir ee ragga|10,000 m]] | |- |rowspan=3|2002 |rowspan=2|[[2002 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Dublin]], Ireland | 7aad |Orodka dheer | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2002 Horyaalka Afrika ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Afrika]] |[[Radès]], [[Tunisia]] |4aad |10,000 m | |- |rowspan=7|2003 |rowspan=4|[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=4|[[Lausanne]], Switzerland | 10aad |Orodka gaaban | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- | 15aad |Orodka dheer | |- |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha]] |[[Birmingham]], [[England]] |9aad |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Gudaha ee IAAF – 3000 mitir ee ragga|3000 m]] | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Paris]], France |10aad |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – 5000 mitir ee ragga|5000 m]] | |- |[[2003 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Nus Marathon]] |[[Vilamoura]], [[Portugal]] |12aad |Nus marathon | |- |rowspan=5|2004 |rowspan=2|[[2004 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Brussels]], Belgium |14aad |Orodka dheer | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|Ciyaaraha Olombikada]] |[[Athens]], [[Greece]] |13aad |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga – 5000 mitir ee ragga|5000 m]] | |- |[[2004 IAAF World Athletics Final|World Athletics Final]] |[[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]] |9aad |5000 m | |- |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2004 Ciyaaraha Pan Arab|Ciyaaraha Pan Arab]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2aad |5000 m | |- |rowspan=5|2005 |rowspan=2|[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Saint-Étienne]], France |18aad |Orodka gaaban | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Helsinki, Finland]] |8aad |[[2005 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud - 10,000 mitir ee ragga|10,000 m]] | |- |[[2005 IAAF World Athletics Final|World Athletics Final]] |[[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]] |10aad |3000 m | |- |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Niamey]], Niger |bgcolor=silver|2aad |10,000 m | |- |rowspan=2|2006 |rowspan=2|[[2006 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], Japan |11aad |Orodka dheer | |- |4aad |Kooxda | |- |rowspan=3|2007 |rowspan=2|[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka ee IAAF|Horyaalka Adduunka ee Orodka Dhulka]] |rowspan=2|[[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]] |21aad |Orodka weyn | |- |bgcolor="silver"| 2aad |Kooxda | |- |[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Osaka, Japan]] |— |Marathon |[[2007 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – Marathon-ka ragga|DNF]] |- |2008 |[[2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga|Ciyaaraha Olombikada]] |[[Beijing]], China |20aad |[[Ciyaaraha fudud ee 2008 Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee xagaaga – Marathon-ka ragga|Marathon]] | |- |rowspan=2|2009 |[[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud|Horyaalka Adduunka]] |[[Berlin]], Germany |— |Marathon |[[2009 Horyaalka Adduunka ee Ciyaaraha Fudud – Marathon-ka ragga|DNF]] |- |[[Chicago Marathon]] |[[Chicago]], United States |bgcolor="silver" | 2aad |Marathon |2:06:04 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/1819753,CST-SPT-mara12.article |title=Wanjiru in grand old time |access-date=2009-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014221501/http://www.suntimes.com/sports/1819753,CST-SPT-mara12.article |archive-date=2009-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ​ ===Natiijooyinka ugu wanaagsan=== *[[1500 mitir]] – 3:39.80 min (1998) *[[3000 mitir]] – 7:32.36 min (2001) *[[5000 mitir]] – 12:50.25 min (2005) *[[10,000 mitir]] – 27:02.62 min (2005) *[[Nus Marathon]] – 1:01:19 hrs (2001) *[[Marathon (sport)|Marathon]] – 2:05:30 hrs (2008; rikoorkii hore ee Morocco) ​ == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Goumri, Abderrahim}} l80fb9ycq75fwca017y5bf7ykyydkw9 Heather Higgins 0 46753 312232 297745 2026-11-11T03:11:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Heather Higgins | image = Heather_Higgins (cropped).jpg | image size = | caption = Higgins oo ku jirta qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka ''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]'' sanadkii 2006 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|9|21|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | occupation = Ganacsade, falanqeeye siyaasadeed | website = }} ​'''Heather Richardson Higgins''' (dhalatay Sebtember 21, 1959) waa haweenay ganacsade Maraykan ah, falanqeeye siyaasadeed, iyo madax ka tirsan qaybta [[non-profit|ururada aan macaash doonka ahayn]]. Waa [[CEO|Agaasimaha Guud]] ee [[Independent Women's Voice]] iyo guddoomiyaha ururka ay mataanaha yihiin ee [[Independent Women's Forum]],<ref>[http://iwvoice.org/ "About IWV." Independent Women's Voice]</ref> kuwaas oo ah ururo loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo qiyamka soo jireenka ah ee muxaafidka ah.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/10/13/abortion-midterms-independent-womens-voice/ |title=Documents reveal nonprofit's plan to downplay abortion in the midterms |date=2022-10-14 |orig-date=2022-10-13 |author1=Isaac Stanley-Becker |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409}}{{WaPoCheckDates}}</ref> ​Higgins waxay xiriir la lahayd tiro ururo siyaasadeed iyo kuwo sharci-dejin oo kala duwan. Kuwan waxay isugu jiraan ururo aan macaash doon ahayn oo aan dhinacna u xaglin sida [[Council on Foreign Relations]] ilaa kuwa leh u janjeeritaan siyaasadeed oo muxaafid ah oo cad, sida [[Hoover Institute]], shabakadda [[National Empowerment Television]], iyo joornaalkii [[Irving Kristol]] ee ''[[The Public Interest]]''. ​ ==Taariikhda shakhsiga ah== Waxay ku dhalatay [[Atlanta, Georgia]] kuna kortay [[Manhattan]], New York City, Higgins waxay bilowday waxbarashadeeda heerka koowaad ee jaamacadda sanadkii 1977 iyadoo dhiganeysay [[Wellesley College]]. Waxay ka qalin-jabisay Wellesley sanadkii 1981 iyadoo heysata derejada ''[[wikt:cum laude|cum laude]]'', iyadoo qaadatay shahaadada [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] Ka dib waxay ku laabatay New York City waxayna iska diiwaangelisay barnaamijka maaliyadda ee [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A.]] ee dugsiga sare ee ganacsiga ee [[New York University]]. Ka dib markii ay ka tagtay NYU dhowr sano si ay ugu shaqeyso falanqeeye cilmi-baaris, suuq-geeye, iyo maareeye sanduuq maalgashi (portfolio manager) shirkad yar dhexdeeda, waxay dib u bilowday waxbarashadeedii halkaas 1986 waxaana la guddoonsiiyay shahaadada sare sanadkii 1987.<ref name="George">Platt, Adam. "The Heather Report." ''George''. October/November 1995. pp. 174–177, 261–262.</ref> Waxay hadda kula nooshahay Manhattan ninkeeda James iyo saddexdooda carruur ah. ​ ==Suxufi iyo falanqeeye== Sanadihii 1980-aadkii, Higgins waxay bilowday inay qorto maqaallo faallo ah oo loogu talagalay ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''. Intii lagu guda jiray waqtigan, waxay sidoo kale noqotay kaaliyaha tifaftiraha joornaalkii saddex-biloodlaha ahaa ee [[Irving Kristol]] ee hadda xirmay, ''[[The Public Interest]]''.<ref name="Unhealthy">Higgins, Heather R. "Unhealthy Charities: Hazardous to Your Health and Wealth. – book review" ''Public Interest''. Spring 1995. {{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0377/is_n119/ai_17002038 |title=Unhealthy Charities: Hazardous to Your Health and Wealth. - book review Public Interest - Find Articles |access-date=2007-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302100808/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0377/is_n119/ai_17002038 |archive-date=2007-03-02 }}</ref> Qoraallada faallada ee Higgins iyo shaqadeeda dhanka sharciga ayaa horseeday inay ka muuqato barnaamijyo kala duwan oo warar iyo faallooyin ah, oo ay ku jiraan ''[[Hardball with Chris Matthews]]'', ''[[Politically Incorrect]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transcript: ''Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher''. May 21, 1997 |url=http://harlanellison.com/text/pi970521.htm |access-date=Bisha Koobaad 13, 2026 |archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603233503/http://harlanellison.com/text/pi970521.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[Real Time with Bill Maher]]'',<ref>Transcript: "New Rules." ''Real Time with Bill Maher''. HBO.com. April 21, 2006. [http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/new_rules/20060421.html]</ref> ''[[Crossfire (U.S. TV program)|Crossfire]]'', ''[[Equal Time (TV program)|Equal Time]]'' iyo ''[[Good Morning America]]''. Iyada iyo [[Newt Gingrich]], waxay si wadajir ah u daadihin jireen barnaamijka ''The Progress Report'' ee shabakaddii hadda xirantay ee [[National Empowerment Television]].<ref>[[Ginia Bellafante|Bellafante, Genia]]. "The Network that Newt Built." ''Time Magazine''. January 9, 1995. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008031630/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982307,00.html]</ref><ref>Howell, Leon. "Funding the war of ideas – conservative foundations." ''[[The Christian Century]]''. July 19, 1995. {{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_n22_v112/ai_17099791 |title=Christian Century: Funding the war of ideas - conservative foundations - Column |access-date=2007-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050508084600/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_n22_v112/ai_17099791 |archive-date=2005-05-08 }}</ref> Markii la weydiiyay muuqaalada Higgins ee telefishinka, Bill Maher wuxuu yiri, "Oh Ilaahow, waxay ka hadli kartaa wax walba."<ref name="George" /> ​Higgins waxay la-tifaftire ka ahayd buugga ''The Quotable [[Paul Johnson (writer)|Paul Johnson]]'' (1994), oo ah buug laga soo ururiyay oraahyo laga soo qaatay taariikhyahanka caanka ah.<ref>Carolan, Matthew. "The Quotable Paul Johnson – book review." ''National Review''. December 31, 1994. {{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n25_v46/ai_16388681 |title=The Quotable Paul Johnson. - book reviews | National Review | Find Articles at BNET |access-date=2007-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426081710/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n25_v46/ai_16388681/ |archive-date=2009-04-26 }}</ref> ​==Mustaqbalka maalgashiga== Kahor intaysan Higgins gelin qaybta aan macaash doonka ahayn 1991-kii, waxay toddoba sano u shaqaynaysay maareeye ahaan sanduuqa maalgashiga ee [[Wall Street]], ugu dambayntiina waxay gaartay jagada ku-xigeenka madaxweynaha ee U.S. Trust ka hor intaysan noqon farac ka tirsan [[Charles Schwab Corporation]]. Febraayo 3, 2006, waxaa loo doortay inay noqoto Agaasime iyo Maamule (Trustee) lix iyo toban ka mid ah shirkadaha maalgashiga ee ka diiwaangashan [[UBS AG|UBS]], kuwaas oo ka koobnaa soddon iyo lix [[mutual fund]]s laga bilaabo Janaayo 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140905040732/https://www.ubs.com/content/dam/internethosting/us_library/en/closed_end/hyf/annual.pdf "Annual Report, May 31, 2006." Managed High Yield Plus Fund, Inc]</ref><ref name="EDGAR">Managed High Yield Plus proxy statement. [[EDGAR]]. July 26, 2006. [https://archive.today/20130122220530/http://sec.edgar-online.com/2006/07/26/0001209286-06-000192/Section6.asp]</ref> ​ ==Doorarka aan macaash doonka ahayn iyo shaqada sharciga== Higgins waxay si weyn ugu lug lahayd ururada aan macaash doonka ahayn. Waa guddoomiyaha iyo Agaasimaha Guud ee Independent Women's Voice,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150321031324/http://www.iwvoice.org/staff.php "About Heather R. Higgins." Independent Women's Voice. ''iwvoice.org'']</ref> oo ah urur daryeelka bulshada ee [[501(c)#501(c)(4)|501(c)(4)]], guddoomiyaha [[Independent Women's Forum]],<ref>Toto, Christian. "Chao honored for valor." ''[[Washington Times]]''. May 27, 2005. [http://washingtontimes.com/entertainment/20050526-091043-5194r.htm]</ref> aasaase ka mid ah [[Alliance For Charitable Reform]],<ref>Schedule: "Congress and Charitable Reform." Alliance for Charitable Reform. 2005. {{cite web|url=http://www.acreform.com/events/con-and-reform.html |title=Alliance for Charitable Reform |access-date=2007-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012323/http://www.acreform.com/events/con-and-reform.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 }}</ref> waxayna ahayd madaxweynaha iyo agaasimaha [[Randolph Foundation]] ee New York tan iyo 1991.<ref name="EDGAR" /> Waxay sidoo kale ahayd agaasimaha fulinta ee Council on Culture & Community.<ref name="acton">"The Time has Come to Reevaluate Strategy for Change." ''Religion & Liberty''. Acton Institute. January/February 1995. [http://www.acton.org/publicat/randl/interview.php?id=137]</ref> ​Marka laga soo tago hoggaaminta ururada kore, khibradda Higgins ee dhanka aan macaash doonka ahayn waxaa ka mid ah jagada ay ka heyso guddiga fulinta ee kormeerayaasha ee [[Hoover Institution]]<ref>[http://www.hoover.org/about/board "Board of Overseers." Hoover Institution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hoover.org/about/board |date=20070207082034 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207082034/http://www.hoover.org/about/board |date=2007-02-07 }}</ref><ref>"Twenty Appointed to Hoover Institution Board of Overseers." ''[[Business Wire]]''. December 3, 2001. {{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Dec_3/ai_80512367 |title=Twenty Appointed to Hoover Institution Board of Overseers Business Wire - Find Articles |access-date=2007-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528210355/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Dec_3/ai_80512367 |archive-date=2007-05-28 }}</ref> iyo xubinnimada ay ka tahay [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>[http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/content.asp?contentid=505 "2004 Annual Meeting Speaker Bios A – I." Philanthropy Roundtable] {{Wayback|url=http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/content.asp?contentid=505 |date=20061129212857 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129212857/http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/content.asp?contentid=505 |date=2006-11-29 }}</ref> Sidoo kale waa maamule (trustee) ka tirsan [[Committee for Economic Development]],<ref>[http://www.ced.org/docs/trustees2006.pdf "Trustees 2006." Committee for Economic Development] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ced.org/docs/trustees2006.pdf |date=20070203051334 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203051334/http://ced.org/docs/trustees2006.pdf |date=2007-02-03 }}</ref> guddoomiye ku-xigeenka ururka fadhigiisu yahay [[Washington, D.C.]] ee [[Philanthropy Roundtable]] iyo xubin hore oo ka tirsan guddiga agaasimayaasha W.H. Brady Foundation.<ref>"Profile: Philanthropy Roundtable." International Relations Center's ''Right Web''. June 1, 2004. [http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1529]</ref> ​Bishii Noofambar 2013, ''Campaigns & Elections'' ayaa u magacaabay Higgins liiskooda kontonka qof ee ugu saameynta badan siyaasadda ee la daawanayo sanadka 2014.<ref>"The Influencers 50: The Influencers to watch ahead of the 2014 election cycle." ''Campaigns & Elections''. November 18, 2013. [http://www.campaignsandelections.com/campaign-insider/427497/the-influencers-50.thtml] {{Wayback|url=http://www.campaignsandelections.com/campaign-insider/427497/the-influencers-50.thtml |date=20131203020252 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020252/http://www.campaignsandelections.com/campaign-insider/427497/the-influencers-50.thtml|date=2013-12-03}}</ref> ​ ===Jawaabaha ku saabsan doorashooyinka ee 2010=== Ka dib markii Jamhuuriga [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] uu ka guuleystay Dimuqraadiga [[Martha Coakley]] ee [[2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|doorashadii gaarka ahayd]] ee lagu dooranayay beddelka [[Ted Kennedy]], Independent Women's Voice waxay dirtay sahan ay Higgins soo xigatay oo muujinaya in codbixiyayaasha ay dhiirigelisay saameynta suurtagalka ah ee loo arkayay inay doorashadu ku leedahay dib-u-habaynta daryeelka caafimaadka iyo doodo kale oo heer qaran ah. Higgins waxay sidoo kale soo werisay in sahanku muujiyay, "halka haweenka guud ahaan ay 53%–45% ugu codeeyeen Coakley, haweenka madax-bannaan waxay 67–33% ugu codeeyeen Brown. Markii la siiyay ikhtiyaar u dhexeeya dhimista canshuuraha iyo xeerarka ganacsiga yaryar ama kordhinta kharashka dawladda, 51% waxay door bideen dhimista canshuurta halka 30% ay doorteen kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha."<ref>Higgins, Heather. "After Massachusetts: Now What?" ''Townhall.com''. 1 February 2010. [http://townhall.com/columnists/HeatherHiggins/2010/02/01/after_massachusetts_now_what]</ref> ​Doorashadii gaarka ahayd ee aqalka ee May 2010 ee [[Hawaii's 2nd congressional district|degmada 2aad ee Hawaii]], Independent Women's Voice waxay samaysay xayeysiisyo dhaleecaynaya xubinkii hore ee Koongaraska ee Dimuqraadiga ahaa [[Ed Case]]. Xayeysiisyada ayaa lagu sheegay in Case "uu u codeeyay in canshuurta la kordhiyo 72 jeer uuna dhibco xun ka helay kooxaha ka soo horjeeda kharash-gareynta hantida dadweynaha sida National Taxpayers Union."<ref>Fund, John. "Aloha Means Goodbye." Political Diary. ''Wall Street Journal''. 11 May 2010.</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay ''[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]'', kooxdu waxay ku bixisay "in ka badan $200,000" ololaha xayeysiiska ee looga soo horjeedo Case.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2010/05/cheney-group-slams-case-036892 Isenstadt, Alex. "Cheney group slams Case." ''Politico''. 6 May 2010]</ref> Faylasha [[Federal Election Commission]] ayaa tilmaamaya in ururku uu ku bixiyay $237,500 dadaalkaas laga bilaabo horraantii May 2010.<ref>Higgins, Holly. "FEC Form 9: 24 Hour Notice of Disbursements/Obligations for Electioneering Communications." {{cite web|url=http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?C30001572 |title=Committee Details for Committee Id C30001572 |access-date=2010-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200351/http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?C30001572 |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> ===U doodista ACR ee aasaaska gaarka ah=== Warqad lagu daabacay ''[[:en:The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'', Higgins iyo ninka ay isla aasaaseen Alliance for Charitable Reform oo ah Dan Peters ayaa ka jawaabay dood ku saabsan soo-jeedinnada xeer-dejinta, iyagoo yiri, "ACR waxay aaminsan tahay in dollar kasta oo canshuur kordhin ah oo lagu soo rogo aasaaska uu u socdo dawladda federaalka halkii uu u socon lahaa ururada samafalka, ACR-na way ka walaacsan tahay fikraddaas.... Ma qaadan karno xal hal nooc ah oo wada deeqa (one-size-fits-all) kaas oo waxyeellaynaya ururada yaryar. Waa inaan samaynaa wax kasta oo suurtagal ah si aan u dhiirigelino samafalka oo aanan u abuurin caqabado hortaagan bixinta samafalka."<ref>Peters, Dan and Heather Higgins. "Letter: Don't Erect Barriers to Charity." ''The Hill''. 24 May 2006. [https://archive.today/20070630203240/http://thehill.com/letters/dont-erect-barriers-to-charity-2006-05-24.html]</ref> ​ ==Aragtida siyaasadeed== Weriyaha Suzanne Fields, maqaal ay uga hadlayso Higgins iyo aasaasaha IWF Lisa Schiffren, waxay ku sheegtay inay "yihiin hooyooyin xiriir la leh haweenka aan mabda' ahaan xagjirka ahayn, laakiin si dabiici ah muxaafid ugu ah dagaalka iyo canshuuraha."<ref>Fields, Suzanne. "Talking softly, with a big schtick." ''[[Jewish World Review]]''. October 25, 2004. [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/fields102504.asp]</ref> ​Wareysi ay siisay [[Acton Institute]], Higgins waxay ku muujisay mucaaradnimada ay u qabto barnaamijyada bulshada ee dawladda ilaa heerka ay kula tartamayaan ama ay ku beddelayaan samafalka gaarka ah, iyadoo tiri, {{blockquote|"Barnaamijyada dawladdu waxay dhibaatooyin halis ah u horseedaan hay'adaha bulshada marka ay si toos ah ula tartamaan ururada isku daya inay bixiyaan samafalka, iyagoo doonaya inay ka caawiyaan shakhsiga wax ka baxsan hadafyada maaddiga ah. Samafalka si habboon loo qabto kaliya kuma quudiyo, laakiin wuxuu ilaaliyaa is-ixtiraamkaaga."<ref name="acton" />}} ​Review-geeda ku saabsan buugga [[Thomas DiLorenzo]] iyo James T. Bennett ee ''Unhealthy Charities: Hazardous to Your Health and Wealth'', kaas oo baadhaya hawlgalka samafalka caafimaadka, Higgins waxay ku doodaysaa in, {{blockquote|"Dhibaatadu maaha inay jiraan dad xun oo maamula ururadan; ku dhowaad qof kasta oo fadhiya guddiga urur caynkaas ah wuxuu samayn lahaa wax la mid ah deegaankan. Dhibaatadu waa haysashada maalgelinta dawladda ee dhexe marka horeba. Dib u qoondee doollarka, kala fariisi awoodda, abuur ilo maalgalineed oo ku tartamaya, dhibaatooyinkaas iyo dhiirigelinnada beenta ah oo dhan isla markiiba waa la yareyn doonaa."<ref name="Unhealthy" />}} ​[[File:Heather Higgins by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|upright|Higgins oo ka hadlaysa Phoenix, Arizona, 2011]] Joornaalka ''[[George (magazine)|George]]'' ayaa daabacay maqaal cadadkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 1995, oo cinwaan looga dhigay "The Heather Report," kaas oo aragtida Higgins lagu soo koobay inay tahay "asal ahaan [[Libertarianism|libertarian]]," oo ay ku raacsan tahay fikradda ah "Dawladda dhexe waxay noqon doontaa mid muhiimadeedu sii yaraato.... Waxaan ku dhex jirnaa 'isbeddel weyn' oo ka yimid 'elitist una socda populist,' oo ka yimid mashiinka 'la xakameeyo lana qorsheeyo' loona socdo nidaam dabiici ah kaas oo, 'raacaya paradigm-kan cusub, aaminsan dadka, aaminsan kartidooda, aaminsan doorashadooda.'" Higgins waxaa lagu sifeeyay inay xiriir u tahay bulshada akadeemiyadda ee "indhaha ballaaran" iyo hawl-wadeennada siyaasadeed ee "adag."<ref name="George" /> ​Maqaal uu ku qoray ''Wall Street Journal'' sanadkii 1995, [[Paul Gigot]] wuxuu ku sifeeyay Higgins inay tahay "dalaal fikradeed," isagoo sharraxaya inay door bidayso inaan lala xiriirin xisbiyada siyaasadeed. Gigot wuxuu ku daray oraah iyada laga soo qaatay, taas oo ay ku tiri, "Runtii ma xiiseeyo xisbi.... Haddii Dimuqraadiyiintu ay dhab ahaan ahaan lahaayeen New Democrats, taasi waxay ahaan lahayd wax weyn. Haddii Jamhuuriyiintan ay noqdaan Old Republicans, iyaguna way iga lumin doonaan."<ref>Gigot, Paul A. "Potomac Watch: Stop, Thief! Clinton bids for Newt's vision." ''Wall Street Journal''. January 27, 1995.</ref> [[William Galston]], oo ahaa lataliye sare oo dhanka siyaasadda gudaha ah ee maamulkii [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]], ayaa yiri, "Waxaan u arkaa Heather inay tahay hal-abuur aqooneed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo leh ballanqaadyo akhlaaqeed oo dhab ah.... Uma arko inay tahay shakhsi xisbi aad ugu xaglinaya, hubaal maaha habka ay ula macaamisho dadka."<ref name="George" /> ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== ​"[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516062604/http://www.acreform.com/press/documents/Death-by-Bureaucracy.pdf Death by Bureaucracy]," ''Wall Street Journal'' waxaa qortay Heather R. Higgins, Abriil 4, 2005 ​Profile-ka [http://www.iwf.org/about/heather-higgins Heather R. Higgins] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iwf.org/about/heather-higgins |date=20200206220538 }}, Independent Women's Forum ​{{C-SPAN|35583}} ​{{IMDb name}} ​{{Authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Higgins, Heather}} 9hzds1sxxefzmuogkqjgm4on7flztun Blue Whale (ciyaar) 0 47144 312197 294782 2026-11-10T23:19:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''«Blue Whale»''' ({{Lang-ru|Синий кит}}) (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan «Guriga aamusan», «I toosi 4:20», «Badda Whales», «Milky Way», «U19», «f57», iyo magacyo kale) waa halyeey Ruush ah oo ku saabsan ciyaarta warbaahinta bulshada ee ay ciyaaraan carruurta iyo dhalinyarada hadafkooda ugu dambeeya waa isdil. Macluumaadka ku saabsan jiritaanka ciyaar noocaas ah waxaa lagu daabacay Novaya Gazeta Maajo 16, 2016, maqaalka «Kooxaha Dhimashada» ee ay qortay Galina Mursalieva, waxaa si weyn u faafisay warbaahintu waxayna noqotay sababta argagaxa akhlaaqeed ee ka dhex jirta dadka [[Ruushka]]. Sida laga soo xigtay Novaya Gazeta, si loo bilaabo «ciyaarta», dadka isticmaala baraha bulshada (inta badan dhallinyaradu waa dhallinyaro) waxay boggooda ku dhejiyaan hashtagska #bluewhale, #hochuvigru, #yaigre, #blue, #quiethome, iwm., ka dibna waxaa la xiriira «caawiye» kaasoo xiriir la sameeya. Sida caadiga ah, «caawiyeyaashu» waxay isticmaalaan akoonno been abuur ah oo lagu diiwaan geliyay magacyada iyo magacyada dadka kale, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aan macquul ahayn in la aqoonsado. Caawiye wuxuu marka hore sharxayaa xeerarka: «ha u sheegin qofna ciyaartan», «had iyo jeer dhammaystir hawlaha, iyadoon loo eegin waxa ay yihiin», «haddii aad ku guuldareysato inaad dhammaystirto hawl, waxaa lagaa saarayaa ciyaarta weligeed waxaadna la kulmi doontaa cawaaqib xun», ka dibna «caawiye» wuxuu bilaabaa inuu soo saaro hawlo. Badanaa waxaa jira ilaa 50 hawlood: hal maalin maalintii. Sida qoraaga maqaalka ku saabsan «kooxaha dhimashada», wariye Mursalieva, uu sheegtay, tani waa tilmaan ku saabsan sheekada Stace Kramer ee «50 Maalmood Kahor Isdilkayga». == Asalka magaca ciyaarta == Sawirka nibiriga waxaa la rumeysan yahay in laga soo amaahday heesta «Gub» ee kooxda Lumen waxayna tilmaamaysaa kalinimo iyo kala fogaansho. Magaca waxaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inuu la xiriiro tirada badan ee cetaceans. Marka nibiriga uu ku jiro dhibaato, wuxuu soo saaraa wicitaan dhibaato ah, kaas oo, marka uu maqlo, soo jiita nibiriyada kale si uu u caawiyo. Istaraatiijiyadan badbaadada si fiican ayay uga shaqeysaa badweynta furan, laakiin maaha biyaha gacmeedka ah, halkaas oo nibiriga dhibka badan uu soo jiito nibiriyada kale, taasoo keenta dhimasho ballaaran oo xayawaanka ah. Mabda’ la mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka shaqeeyo ciyaarta «Blue Whale»: dhallinyarada ku jira xaaladaha nolosha ee adag waxay calaamad u yihiin xaaladdooda iyagoo ku dhejinaya hashtagska ciyaarta baraha bulshada, laakiin halkii laga badbaadin lahaa, dhammaantood waxay halis ugu jiraan inay dhintaan. Waxaa jira aragtiyo badan oo ku saabsan asalka ifafaalaha «Blue Whale». Tusaale ahaan, wariye Vladimir Todorov wuxuu ku qanacsan yahay in «Ruushku waligiis uusan lahayn koox xun oo si ula kac ah u disha dhallinyarada inay isdilaan»: dadka aan la garanayn ee ilaaliya waa dhallinyaro sida dhibbanayaashood malaawaalka ah. == Baahsanaanta ciyaarta iyo ra’yigeeda ku saabsan == Sheekada «kooxaha dhimashada» ayaa si rasmi ah u soo shaac baxday ka dib markii maqaal cinwaankiisu ahaa «Kooxaha dhimashada» lagu daabacay Novaya Gazeta 16-kii Maajo, 2016. Saxafiyiintu waxay sheegeen in intii u dhaxaysay 2015 iyo horraantii 2016, qiyaastii 130 carruur ah ayaa dhintay iyagoo ka qayb qaadanaya ciyaarta, laakiin ilaha macluumaadkan lama oga. Caannimada ciyaarta ayaa gaartay heerkii ugu sarreeyay bishii Febraayo 2017, markii in ka badan 800 oo isticmaaleyaal baraha bulshada ah ay soo dhigeen hashtag #bluewhale, iyagoo sugaya tilmaamo. Sida laga soo xigtay xafiiska dacwad oogaha, laba gabdhood oo dugsile ah oo ka qayb qaadanayay ciyaarta ayaa isdilay magaalada Ust-Ilimsk ee gobolka Irkutsk. Novaya Gazeta iyo daabacaado kale midna waligiis ma bixin wax xog ah oo ku saabsan tirada dhibanayaasha ciyaarta ku jira maqaalladooda. Tirada dhimashadan laguma xaqiijin hay'adaha fulinta sharciga. Intaa waxaa dheer, eedaysanayaasha kiiska kooxda dhimashada — Filip Budeikin, oo ku dhuumanayay magaca «Filip Lis» iyo lahawlgalayaashiisa — laguma soo oogin dacwad ah inay dad gaar ah u kaxeeyeen inay isdilaan, laakiin waxay ku eedeeyeen «inay soo dhigeen shaqooyin maqal ah, mowduucyo dood ah, iyo hadallo kor u qaadaya mawduuca isdilka». Cilmibaarayaal qaar ayaa aaminsan in caannimada «Blue Whale» ay la xiriirto geerida Renata Kambolina, oo loo yaqaan Rina Palenkova — gabar dugsi dhigata oo sawir iska qaaday ka hor inta aysan isku tuurin tareen. Rabitaanka ah in la raaco mowjadda caanka ah ee Rina ayaa sii hurisay fikradda ah in dadka lagu qasbi karo inay isdilaan ciyaarta dhexdeeda. Fikraddan ayaa heshay lacag dheeraad ah ka dib markii dad badan oo isticmaala kooxaha ka hortagga isdilka ay u qaateen inay tahay caqiido injiil ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Maria Volkova, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga aadanaha iyo khabiir ku takhasusay kooxda cilmi-baarista «La socodka Dhaqanka Hadda Jira» ee Machadka Cilmi-baarista Bulshada ee Akadeemiyada Madaxweynaha Ruushka ee Dhaqaalaha Qaranka iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha (RANEPA), «Nebi Blue Whale» waa sheeko naxdin leh oo carruurta casriga ah, oo la mid ah «Boqoradda Spades». Waxay iska diiwaan gelisay kooxaha «isdilka» waxayna la falgashay xubnahooda — kuwaas oo intooda badan xiiso u yeeshay «Nebi Blue Whale» ka dib markii ay warbaahintu tabisay waxayna isku dayday inay fahamto nuxurkiisa. «Kormeerayaasha» inta badan kooxahan waxay ahaayeen dhallinyaro. Volkova waxay aaminsan tahay in dhaqanka dadka waaweyn uu sidoo kale khuraafaad yahay — dadka waaweyn ayaa dib u sheegay oo faafiyay halyeeyga «Nebi Blue Whale», iyagoo aaminsan in haddii kale wax xun ay dhici doonaan. Sida laga soo xigtay Professor Evgeny Lyubov, madaxa waaxda isdilka ee Machadka Cilmibaarista ee Moscow, «kooxaha dhimashada» waa «bulshooyin cudur oo carruur aan faraxsanayn oo u baahan isfaham wadajir ah». Lobov wuxuu kaloo xusayaa inaysan run ahaantii suurtagal ahayn in qof «lagu qaadsiiyo» isdil ama waalli, laakiin warbaahinta, iyagoo kicinaya jahwareer, ayaa laftoodu u soo jeedinaya dhallinyarada «qarka u saaran inay isdilaan». Sababta ugu weyn ee argagaxa akhlaaqeed ee waalidiinta ayaa ah isbeddellada ku yimid sida carruurta iyo dhallinyaradu ula falgalaan internetka. 58% carruurta da’doodu u dhaxayso 8 ilaa 16 waxay qariyaan qaar ka mid ah hawlahooda internetka waalidkood, iyagoo qaadaya tallaabooyin dheeraad ah si ay sidaas u sameeyaan: iyagoo internetka galaya marka waalidkood aysan guriga joogin (18%), dejinaya erayga sirta ah qalabkooda (16%), iyo tirtiridda taariikhdooda biraawsarka (10%). Intaa waxaa dheer, 22% carruurta waxay isticmaalaan qalab u oggolaanaya inay si qarsoodi ah u galaan internetka, 14% waxay isticmaalaan barnaamijyo gaar ah oo ka caawiya qarinta codsiyada ay isticmaalayaan. Tani waxay keentaa walaac sii kordhaya oo ka dhex jira waalidiinta: laga bilaabo da’da yar, carruurtoodu waxay fursad u haystaan ​​inay si joogto ah oo aan kormeer lahayn ugula xiriiraan meelo badan oo internetka ah, xeerarka iyo luqadda oo inta badan aan caddayn waalidiinta. Sida laga soo xigtay khabiiro ka socda Akadeemiyada Madaxweynaha Ruushka ee Dhaqaalaha Qaranka iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha (RANEPA), «dadka waaweyn ee ku dhex milma internetka waxay u badan tahay inay ka yar yihiin dhallinyarada inay u arkaan inay tahay xaqiiqo aan la fahmi karin oo khatar ah». Sida laga soo xigtay Dmitry Gromov, oo ah cilmi-baare hormuud ka ah Machadka Ethnology and Anthropology ee Akadeemiyada Sayniska Ruushka iyo Dhakhtarka Sayniska Taariikhda, dhibaatada isdilka carruurta ayaa had iyo jeer jirtay. Sannadkii 2008, intii ay socotay kororka isdilka dhallinyarada, xildhibaannada Gobolka Duma waxay sheegeen in dhaqamada Goth iyo emo ay sabab u yihiin. Gromov wuxuu ku doodayaa in halkii ay ka raadin lahaayeen sababta dhaqamada hoose iyo bulshooyinka khuraafaadka ah, waalidiinta iyo macallimiintu waa inay si badan ula xiriiraan carruurtooda oo ay si taxaddar leh u eegaan. Maqaalkiisa «Blue Whale and Razorback Candies: Sida Halyeeyada Magaalada u Noolaadaan una Faafaan», musharaxa PhD ee cilmi-nafsiga Nikolai Molchanov wuxuu ku doodayaa in ciyaartu ay ku faaftay sababtoo ah «dhegdheggeeda». «Dhagdheg» waxaa loola jeedaa dhacdooyin, fikrado, ama caqiidooyin xusuus leh oo ku sii jira maskaxda dadka muddo dheer. Baraha bulshada ayaa la shaqeynaya hay’adaha fulinta sharciga: Instagram waxay tirtiraysaa sawirrada leh hashtags khuseeya, VKontakte na waxay soo bandhigtay foom cabasho oo gaar ah waxayna bilowday inay xannibto isticmaalayaasha. Sannadkii 2023, Ivan Pogiblov wuxuu sameeyay kanaalka internetka ee «Blue Whale» wuxuuna soo dhigay hawlo loogu talagalay dadka isticmaala si ay naftooda u gaarsiiyaan waxyeello jireed oo khatar ku ah nolosha iyo caafimaadka. Bishii Abriil 2025, I. Pogiblov waxaa lagu xukumay sagaal sano oo xabsi ah oo amniga ugu badan ah iyadoo la raacayo maqaallo ku saabsan abaabulka hawlaha khadka tooska ah ee loogu talagalay kicinta ismiidaaminta (Qaybta 2aad ee Qodobka 110.2 ee Xeerka Dembiyada), kicinta laba ama in ka badan oo carruur ah inay isdilaan oo ay sameeyeen koox abaabulan (qaybaha «a», «c», «d», «d» ee Qaybta 3aad ee Qodobka 110.1 ee Xeerka Dembiyada), iyo ku lug lahaanshaha qof aan qaangaarin fal dambiyeed (Qaybta 4aad ee Qodobka 150aad ee Xeerka Dembiyada). Eedaysanuhu wuxuu si buuxda u qirtay dambiga. Abriil 28, 2017, bulsho la yiraahdo «Fox» ayaa ka soo muuqatay shabakadda bulshada ee VKontakte. Waxay sameeyeen istiikarro u gaar ah oo magac isku mid ah leh (hab lagu muujiyo shucuurta qofka) waxayna si bilaash ah ugu qaybiyeen si ay u dhammaystiraan hawlo gaar ah oo ku lug leh dhejinta «sheekooyin» kala duwan (sawirro ama muuqaallo baaba’aya 24 saacadood ka dib). Waxaa jiray dood firfircoon oo ku saabsan RuNet oo ku saabsan in xiriir uu ka dhexeeyay hawlaha «Fox» iyo ciyaarta «Blue Whale» iyo in kale. Taageerayaashu waxay soo xigteen isku ekaanshaha ereyada ee u dhexeeya «fox» iyo «wiilka», iyo sidoo kale magaca been abuurka ah ee Philipp Budeikin, oo ah eedaysane kiiska dambiyada «Blue Whale»: «Philipp Fox». Internetka waxaa ku daatay warar been abuur ah oo badan: waxaa la sheegay in hawlaha ugu dambeeyay ee ka socda chatbot-ka bulshada «Fox» ay ku baaqeen isdil, inkastoo wararka noocaas ahi aysan waxba la wadaagin hawlaha dhabta ah ee «Fox». == Ka Hortagga == In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in «Blue Whale» qaabkii ay warbaahintu ku soo bandhigtay uusan waligiis jirin, haddana dhallinyarada guud ahaan waxay halis ugu jiraan inay ku biiraan bulshooyinka ama hindisayaasha waxyeello u leh ama xitaa khatar u ah. Si looga hortago faafitaanka sii kordhaya ee bulshooyinka burburka, cilmi-nafsiyaadka waxay ku talinayaan inaysan fiiro gaar ah u yeelan xaaladda ku xeeran «kooxaha dhimashada» ee shabakadaha bulshada, laakiin, jawi deggan, u sheeg carruurta suurtagalnimada inay la kulmaan kooxaha soo socda marka ay ka raadinayaan internetka iyo khatartooda, u sharax in boggooda internetka aan la arki karin shisheeyaha, in uusan ku jirin macluumaad badan oo shakhsi ah oo ku jira qaybta dadweynaha (lambarka taleefanka, cinwaanka guriga, goobta waxbarashada); si joogto ah ula hadal carruurta oo keliya ma aha guulahooda dugsiga, laakiin sidoo kale nooca saaxiibbada ay ku leeyihiin nolosha dhabta ah iyo shabakadaha bulshada, waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro jawi kalsooni iyo jacayl qoyska dhexdiisa ah, kaas oo ilmuhu dareemi doono, marka lagu daro, waa lagama maarmaan in ilmaha la fahmo in waalidku ay aaminsan yihiin kartida ilmaha oo ay had iyo jeer diyaar u yihiin inay taageeraan. == Filimaan == * «Waxaan u socdaa inaan ciyaaro» — waa filim taxane ah oo Ruush ah oo ay agaasimayso Anna Zaitseva sanadka 2021. * «The Blue Whale» — waa filim taxane ah oo ka tirsan Kazakh oo uu agaasimay Marat Kudaibergenuly sanadka 2025. * «Fifty, ama Kulanka Laba Whale oo Xeebta ku yaal» — waa filim riwaayad ah oo Mexico ah oo uu agaasimay Jorge Cuchi sanadka 2020. == Tixraac == * [https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2016/05/16/68604-gruppy-smerti-18 Группы Смерти (18+)] — ''Галина Мурсалиева'', Новая Газета. * [https://lenta.ru/articles/2017/03/07/siniykit/ Запуганные предки: как Россия поверила в миф о «Синем ките»] — ''Тодоров В.,'' Лента.ру. * [https://www.irk.kp.ru/daily/26651/3672264/ Сибирячка после самоубийства 12-летней дочери спасает от «синих китов» чужих детей] — ''Чичигина А.,'' Комсомольская правда. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260421104530/https://mgazeta.com/articles/subektivno/2017-03-23/inoe-mnenie-gruppy-smerti-iskusstvenno-sozdannaya-strashilka-1038978 Иное мнение: «группы смерти» — искусственно созданная «страшилка»] — Молодёжная газета. * [https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/ministr-vnutrennix-del-kazaxstana-vyskazalsia-igrax-sinego-312098/ Министр внутренних дел Казахстана высказался об играх в «Синего кита»] — ''Айсултан Кульшманов'', Tengri News. * [https://life.ru/p/980490 «Группы смерти» отправились в турне. «Синий кит» уже в Европе] — Life. * [https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/237143-juego-ballena-azul-llega-espana Llega a España 'la ballena azul', el siniestro juego que conduce a jóvenes al suicidio] — RT en Español. * [https://www.komi.kp.ru/daily/26677/3700218/ Ложная тревога: Рыжий Лис не призывает к самоубийствам] — ''Ольга Соловей,'' Комсомольская правда. * [https://iz.ru/news/664617 Возвращение «синего кита»] — ''Андрей Филатов,'' Известия. * [https://www.kp.ru/daily/26642.7/3660934/ Новые «группы смерти» в Интернете: «Синие киты» провоцируют детей на самоубийства] — ''Александр Милкус,'' Комсомольская правда. s1ko8aanqo17bplk1okempu8kk2ilo3 Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Koonfurta Suudaan 0 47446 312255 296700 2026-11-11T05:38:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Koonfurta Suudaan''' ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu xun adduunka. Dadka ugu sarreeya dalka ayaa sameeyay nidaam kleptocratic ah oo xakameeya qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhaqaalaha [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Nidaamkani si dhakhso ah ayuu u qaabaysan yahay muddo gaaban gudaheed, Koonfurta Suudaan waxay ku guuleysatay is-xukunka sannadkii 2005 iyadoo qayb ka ah Suudaan, waxaana la siiyay madaxbannaani buuxda sannadkii 2011. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah xildhibaannada baarlamaanka, qaranku ma lahayn wax sharci ah oo lagu "la dagaallanka khiyaanada iyo wax is-daba-marinta ka dhex jirta mas'uuliyiinta sare ee dowladda," gaar ahaan saraakiisha wax iibsiga ee dowladda ee ku jira Wasaaradda Maaliyadda iyo Qorsheynta Dhaqaalaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article46716 |access-date=2026-04-24 |archive-date=2016-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411170827/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article46716 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Maqaal uu soo saaray 2013, Nyol Gaar Nguen wuxuu ku qoray in "[tuuga] aan daacad ahayn iyo dhaca hantida dadweynaha maalin cad ee ay geystaan qofka mas'uulka ka ah ama qofka mas'uulka ka ah had iyo jeer ay xukumaan" Koonfurta Suudaan. Heerka musuqmaasuqa iyo maamul xumada lagu muujiyay warbixinta Hantidhawrka Guud ee 2005 iyo 2006 ayaa la sheegay inay "ilmo ku keentay qaar ka mid ah xildhibaannada Golaha Sharci-dejinta Qaranka ee Koonfurta Suudaan." Warbixin la soo saaray 2012 ayaa lagu sheegay in in ka badan $4 bilyan oo ah lacagaha dowladda la xaday tan iyo markii is-xukunka la gaaray 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article42960 |access-date=2026-04-24 |archive-date=2016-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411175621/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article42960 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fadeexada musuqmaasuqa ugu weyn tan iyo bilowgii is-maamulka waxay ahayd waxa loogu yeero "Dura Saga," inkastoo ay jireen daraasiin dhacdooyin kale oo muhiim ah oo khaladaad la mid ah. Dhacdooyinkan waxaa badanaa lagu qariyay jahwareer mana aysan keenin dacwad ama ciqaab. ''Wargeyska Africa Review'' wuxuu xusay sanadkii 2013 in inkastoo dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan ay amartay baaritaanno dhowr ah oo ku saabsan fadeexadaha, haddana had iyo jeer waa la iska indha tiraa ama si ula kac ah ayaa loo burburiyaa gebi ahaanba. <ref name="afr">https://web.archive.org/web/20160415173255/http://www.africareview.com/Blogs/South-Sudans-corruption-merry-go-round/-/979192/1858488/-/anx5b8/-/index.html</ref> Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u sheegay in dowladdiisu ay si firfircoon ula dagaallameyso musuqmaasuqa, laakiin Abriil 12, 2013, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay Elias Wako Nyamellel, Wasiir Ku-xigeenka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah, "isagoo qirtay in Koonfurta Suudaan ay musuqmaasuq tahay oo ay 'quruntay xudunta.'" <ref name="sud47">https://thesentry.org/reports/south-sudan/</ref> Dhibaatada waxaa sii xumeeyay la'aanta hufnaanta daran ee diiwaanka dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan iyo macluumaadka ganacsiga. Codsiyada xogta rasmiga ah waxaa si aan kala sooc lahayn loo diidi karaa iyadoo aan la ciqaabin. <ref name="sentr">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article47336 |access-date=2026-04-24 |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017061310/https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article47336 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bilowyada == Koonfurta Suudaan, sida ay sheegtay warbixin ay soo saartay 2015-kii oo ay qortay ''The Sentry'', waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo la rajeynayo iyadoo muwaadiniinteedu ay si weyn ugu codeeyeen madaxbannaani, bulshada caalamkuna ay bixinayso caawimo muhiim ah. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo heerka sare ee dakhliga [[Shidaal|saliidda]], Koonfurta Suudaan waxaa la saadaaliyay inay si degdeg ah isku filnaan u gaari doonto ka dib kala-guurka, laakiin taa beddelkeeda waxay "ku dhacday dagaal sokeeye, burbur dhaqaale, iyo go'doomin caalami ah oo sii kordhaya," halka taliyayaasheeda ay la wareegeen ku dhawaad qayb kasta oo dhaqaalaha ah, iyagoo lumiyay "fursad taariikhi ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta dowlad shaqaynaysa." Dagaalka sokeeye ee socda ayaa inta badan ka dhashay iskahorimaadyada ka dhex jira dadka aqoonta sare leh ee doonaya inay "dib u gorgortamaan" saamiyada dheelitirka awoodda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale, oo ay ku jiraan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah, iyada oo loo marayo dagaal. <ref name="sentr2">https://thesentry.org/reports/south-sudan/</ref> == Nidaamka musuqmaasuqa == Warbixin ay soo saartay ''Xarunta Kheyraadka La-dagaallanka Musuqmaasuqa ee U4'', ayaa lagu qeexay noocyada ugu waaweyn ee musuqmaasuqa ee Koonfurta Suudaan inay yihiin [[Bureaucratic corruption|musuqmaasuqa xafiisyada]], [[Patronage|taageerada]], [[Political corruption|musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed]], iyo [[Embezzlement|lunsiga hantida]], waxayna sheegaysaa in noocyadan musuqmaasuqu ay inta badan ka dhacaan qaybaha soo socda: qaybaha wax soo saarka, maamulka maaliyadda dadweynaha, iyo ciidamada booliiska iyo amniga. <ref>http://www.u4.no/publications/south-sudan-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption/</ref> Warbixin ay soo saartay ''The Sentry'' ayaa musuqmaasuqa ka jira Koonfurta Suudaan u kala saartay si ka duwan sidii hore, iyadoo tilmaamaysa afarta hab ee ugu muhiimsan ee hantida qaranka loogu leexiyo jeebabka dadka aqoonta sare leh: :# Waaxda wax soo saarka, oo ah isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga qaranka, ma laha hufnaan iyo maamul xumo gebi ahaanba. Saliiddu waa isha ugu weyn ee dawladda ee lacagta adag, waxayna u adeegtaa sidii dammaanad loogu talagalay amaahda dibadda ee dhaqaalaheeda sii wadata. <ref name="sentr3">https://thesentry.org/reports/south-sudan/</ref> :# Dowladda militariga ayaa si toos ah u maamusha dhaqaalaha qaranka iyadoo xakameysa miisaaniyadda dadweynaha iyo si dadban iyadoo si dadban ula xiriireysa ganacsiyada iyo qandaraasyada. Kharashka militariga ee Koonfurta Suudaan ayaa ka sarreeya kan waddan kale oo gobolka ku yaal. Ku dhawaad ma jiraan wax macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan qoondeynta militariga, taas oo mararka qaarkood ah xadgudub sharciga ah. Ciidanku wuxuu ku lug leeyahay "nidaam taageero oo ballaaran oo adag," mana jiro kormeer yar oo ku saabsan kharashyada mushaharka, iyadoo wasaaradaha amniga ee hormuudka ka ah (Difaaca, Gudaha, iyo Sirdoonka) ay si dhif ah u soo sheegaan kharashaadka mushaharka. Xaalado badan, taliyayaasha militariga ayaa xaday mushaharka askarta; waxaa sidoo kale jira tobanaan kun oo "askar cirfiid ah," tusaale ahaan, askar ku nool oo keliya dukumentiyada mushaharka, tanina waxaa la sheegay inay tahay habka ugu muhiimsan ee saraakiisha militariga iyo amniga ay hantida ugu weeciyaan akoonnada gaarka loo leeyahay. Jeneraallada militariga waxay leeyihiin awood weyn oo ay ku qoondeeyaan lacagaha dowladda, waxayna inta badan u weeciyaan lacagaha aan militariga ahayn ujeeddooyin militari. Helitaanka hubka iyo sahayda militariga waxaa lagu sameeyaa si aan toos ahayn waxaana lagu gartaa musuqmaasuq, qiimo xad dhaaf ah, iyo la'aanta warqadaha saxda ah iyo daahfurnaanta. Miisaaniyadda gaarka ah ee madaxweynaha "ma laha kormeer aad u yar," waxyaabo badan oo ku jirana si xad dhaaf ah ayaa loo buunbuuniyaa waxayna u muuqdaan inay qariyaan kharashaadka militariga. <ref name="sentr3" /> :# Kharashaadka dawladdu waxay ku lug leedahay nidaam wax iibsi oo u nugul musuqmaasuq iyo qashin, iyadoo qandaraasyo faa'iido leh si joogto ah loo siiyo alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ku xiran mas'uuliyiinta dawladda. Ku dhawaad hay'ad kasta oo dawladeed waxaa curyaamiyay musuqmaasuq iyo maamul xumo. Qandaraasyada aan dalabka lahayn, gaar ahaan dhismaha waddooyinka iyo soo dejinta baabuurta, waxaa si joogto ah loogu siiyaa shirkadaha ay leeyihiin madaxda sare ee xukunka ku jira qiimo jaban iyada oo aan la kormeerin. Kharashaadka dawladda ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxaa lagu gartaa "in si ballaaran loo ixtiraamo" warbixinta, sharciyeynta, iyo dukumentiyada. Sameynta shirkadaha waxaa ka mid ah la macaamilka xafiisyo adag, nidaamkan adagna waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu awood u siiyay mas'uuliyiinta inay si ballaaran uga faa'iidaystaan laaluushka iyo helitaanka saamiyada aan sharciga lahayn ee shirkadaha. Xeerarka u baahan shaacinta maaliyadeed ee sannadlaha ah si nidaamsan ayaa loo iska indhatiraa. Lacag badan oo dawladda ah ayaa sidoo kale loo weeciyaa shirkadaha qolofka leh ee loo isticmaalo in lagu leexiyo hantida dawladda si ballaaran. Xaalado dhowr ah, qandaraasyada dawladda waxaa la siiyay shirkado aan lahayn taariikh ku saabsan hawlaha khuseeya oo u badan tahay in la sameeyay maalmo ama xitaa saacado ka hor inta aan la bixin qandaraasyada. <ref name="sentr3" /> :# Lacag-dhaqidda: Dadka aqoonta sare leh waxay ka faa'iidaystaan warshadaha maaliyadeed ee jilicsan ee dalka iyagoo u adeegsanaya inay lacag dhaqaan oo ay dakhli soo saaraan. Dadka aqoonta sare leh ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxay si weyn ugu lug leeyihiin qaybta maaliyadeed, gaar ahaan mala-awaalka suuqa lacagta ee isbarbar socda, kaas oo hoos u dhigaya qiimaha lacagta una horseeda sicir-barar. Qaybta ayaa si weyn u fiday tan iyo markii dalku xornimadiisa helay, taasoo u sahlaysa dadka aqoonta sare leh inay ku lug yeeshaan xawilaadaha sharci-darrada ah. "Dadka lacagta badan ee wax soo gudbiya" waxay u oggolaanayaan lacago si fudud oo dhaqso badan looga wareejiyo dalka, iyadoo la yareynayo shaacinta iyo raad-raaca yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, guddiyada dhowrka ah ee bangiyada ayaa liis gareeya magacyada dadka aqoonta sare leh ee isla qaranka, taasoo muujinaysa in bangiyadani ay inta badan u adeegaan danahooda. Sidoo kale, xafiisyada gaarka loo leeyahay [[FOREX|ee FOREX]] ayaa la aasaasay, waxayna fududeeyaan dhaqidda lacagta iyo macaamil ganacsi oo kale oo sharci-darro ah. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa la sheegay inay leeyihiin xubno ka tirsan dadka aqoonta sare leh, taas oo matalaysa iskahorimaadka danaha weyn. <ref name="sentr3" /> :# Sababta ugu weyn sidoo kale waa qabyaaladda. Iyagoo ku jira tartan loogu jiro awoodda iyo xakamaynta kheyraadka iyo dhulka, dadka aqoonta sare leh ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxay sii wadaan inay raadiyaan ujeeddooyin siyaasadeed oo xisbi ah, iyagoo abaabulaya oo ka faa'iideysanaya kala duwanaanshaha qowmiyadaha iyo xiisadaha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/cohrsouthsudan/a-hrc-60-crp-5.pdf|title=Plundering a Nation: how rampant corruption unleashed a human rights crisis in South Sudan|date=16 September 2025|pages=2|language=english}}</ref> == References == amldcfg8r242k1oa23o515jkfzhj6ig Ciidamada Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka 0 47578 312205 298787 2026-11-11T00:07:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xoogagga Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka''' ( '''FFC''', <ref name="AJE_transition_plan">https://web.archive.org/web/20190705015919/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/sudan-military-council-opposition-reach-power-sharing-agreement-190705013332385.html</ref> sidoo kale ''Isbahaysiga Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka'', ama AFC, <ref name="Vox_TMC_FFC_deal">https://www.vox.com/2019/7/5/20683001/sudan-power-sharing-agreement-sovereign-council-protests</ref> iyo ''ku dhawaaqida Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka'', ama DFC; <ref name="TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222047/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Langx|ar|قوى إعلان الحرية والتغيير}} )  waa isbahaysi siyaasadeed oo ballaaran oo ka kooban isbahaysiyo rayid ah iyo fallaago ah oo ka kooban kooxo Suudaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Sudanese Professionals Association|Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Suudaan]], [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Maya Dulmi ka dhan ah Hindisaha Haweenka]], [[MANSAM]], [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]], [[National Consensus Forces|Ciidamada Is-afgaradka Qaranka]], Suudaan Call, Ururinta Midnimada,  <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created">https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-48055973</ref> iyo [[Sudanese resistance committees|guddiyada iska caabinta Suudaan]], <ref name="AJE_neighbourhoods">https://web.archive.org/web/20191104230627/https://www.sudaneseprofessionals.org/en/declaration-of-freedom-and-change/</ref> oo la sameeyay Janaayo 2019 intii lagu jiray [[2018–19 Sudanese protests|dibadbaxyadii Suudaan ee 2018-19]] . <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created" /> FFC waxay qortay "Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" <ref name="Decl_freedom_change">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article66986 |access-date=2021-12-24 |archive-date=2019-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708232527/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article66986 |url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo "Axdiga Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" kaas oo ku baaqay in madaxweyne [[Omar al-Bashir|Cumar Al-Bashiir]] laga qaado xukunka, kaas oo dhacay ka dib dhowr bilood oo mudaaharaad ah oo ka [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|dhacay afgambigii Suudaan ee Abriil 2019.]] <ref name="AJE_alBurhan_TMC">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/sudan-neighbourhoods-mobilised-al-bashir-190506182950504.html</ref> FFC waxay sii wadday isku-dubaridka ficillada dibadbaxyada, bishii Luulyo 2019, waxay gorgortan ka gashay qorshe awood-qaybsi ah [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Golaha Milatariga ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah]] (TMC) si loogu [[2019 Sudanese transition to democracy|gudbo si loogu soo laabto dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_transition_plan" /> <ref name="Vox_TMC_FFC_deal" /> Heshiiska waxaa la saxiixay 17 Luulyo 2019. <ref name="TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement" /> == Abuurista iyo halabuurka == [[2018–19 Sudanese protests|Mudaaharaadyadii Suudaan ee 2018–19]] ayaa horey u socday dhowr toddobaad markii isbahaysiyo rayid iyo fallaago ah oo ka kooban kooxo Suudaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Sudanese Professionals Association|Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Suudaan]], [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Maya Dulmi ka dhan ah Hindisaha Haweenka]], [[MANSAM]], [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]], [[National Consensus Forces|Ciidamada Is-afgaradka Qaranka]], Suudaan Call, Ururinta Midnimada,  <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716004035/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo [[Sudanese resistance committees|guddiyada iska caabinta Suudaan]], <ref name="AJE_neighbourhoods2">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/sudan-military-council-ruler-ibn-auf-steps-190412194737727.html</ref> waxay qoreen oo saxiixeen "Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" <ref name="Decl_freedom_change2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article67926 |access-date=2021-12-24 |archive-date=2019-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813080702/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article67926 |url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo "Axdiga Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" oo ay ku baaqeen in madaxweyne [[Omar al-Bashir|Cumar Al-Bashiir]] laga qaado xukunka. <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created2" /> Isbahaysiga kooxaha taageeraya axdiga waxaa loo yaqaanay dhowr magac oo isku mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan isbahaysiga "Ciidamada Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" (FFC ama AFC). Baaqa 1 Janaayo 2019 waxaa wada saxiixday 22 urur. === Sharci-dejinta Noofambar 2019 === 4tii Nofembar 2019, FFC waxay ku dhawaaqday qaab-dhismeed cusub oo rasmi ah oo sare, oo ka kooban Golaha Dhexe, Golaha Isku-dubaridka, iyo Golaha La-talinta. Golaha Dhexe waa hay'adda "siyaasadda ugu sarreysa"; Golaha Isku-dubaridku wuxuu leeyahay awoodo fulineed; Golaha La-talintana "wuxuu xakameyn doonaa oo siin doonaa la-talin" Golaha Dhexe. Golaha Dhexe iyo Golaha La-talinta waxaa ka mid ah wakiillo ka socda saxiixayaasha ugu waaweyn ee Axdiga Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka, halka Golaha La-talinta uu ka kooban yahay wakiillo ka socda dhammaan saxiixayaasha. == Tixraacyada == 85tpos5hw5niesywxy0uidfxzgp1re4 Geedi socodka nabadda Suudaan 0 47594 312228 298865 2026-11-11T02:33:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geedi socodka nabadda ee Suudaan''' wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Peace process|kulamo, heshiisyo qoran iyo tallaabooyin ujeedadoodu tahay in lagu xalliyo]] [[War in Darfur|Dagaalka Darfur]], [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile|khilaafka Suudaan ee Koonfurta Kordofan iyo Blue Nile]] ( ''Labada Aag''  ), iyo iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo ka dhaca bartamaha, waqooyiga iyo bariga Suudaan. Sannadkii 2005, [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Heshiiska Nabadda ee Dhammaystiran]] wuxuu horseeday in la xalliyo qaar ka mid ah iskahorimaadyadii hubaysanaa ee ka dhacay Suudaan, oo ay ku jiraan [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|aftidii madaxbannaanida Koonfurta Suudaan ee 2011]] iyo gooni u goosashadii [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . [[Darfur Peace Agreement|Heshiisyadii nabadda ee Abuja iyo Doha ee 2006 iyo 2011 ee Doha Darfur]] waxay ujeedadoodu ahayd in lagu xalliyo khilaafka Darfur. [[2019 Sudanese transition to democracy#4 August/17 August Draft Constitutional Declaration|Qabyo-qoraalka Dastuurka ee Agoosto 2019]], oo ay saxiixeen wakiillo militari iyo rayid ah intii lagu jiray [[Sudanese revolution|kacaankii Suudaan ee 2018–19]], wuxuu u baahan yahay in heshiis nabadeed la gaaro lixda bilood ee ugu horreeya [[Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)|xilliga kala-guurka 39-ka bilood ah]] ee loogu talagalay dowladda rayidka ah ee dimuqraadiga ah. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> Wareeggii koowaad ee wadahadallada ayaa ka dhacay [[Juba]] bartamihii Sebtembar. <ref name="Dabanga_Hemetti_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> <ref name="Dabanga_PM2negotiate_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> Wareeggii labaad ee Oktoobar 2019, heshiisyo ayaa la saxiixay 18-kii Oktoobar wadada ''Labada Aag'' ee u dhaxaysay dowladda iyo [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Dadka Suudaan-Waqooyi]] (al-Hilu) (SPLM-N (al-Hilu)) <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-darfur-armed-movements-to-enter-peace-negotiations-together</ref> iyo wadada ''Darfur'' ee u dhaxaysa dowladda iyo [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]](SRF). <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> Wareeggii saddexaad wuxuu bilaabmay bartamihii Diseembar wadada ''bariga Suudaan'',  wadada ''Labada Aag''ee SPLM-N (Agar),  iyo wadada ''Darfur'' . [[MANSAM]] iyo [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Hindisaha Maya Dulmi ka dhanka ah Haweenka]] ayaa si isdaba joog ah ugu baaqay in haweenka lagu daro geeddi-socodka nabadda.   == Shuruudaha dastuuriga ah ee qabyada ah == Qoraalka Dastuurka ee Qabyo-qoraalka 4-ta Agoosto wuxuu taxayaa "gaarista nabad caddaalad ah oo dhammaystiran, soo afjaridda dagaalka iyadoo wax laga qabanayo xididdada dhibaatada Suudaan" sida Qodobka 7.(1), oo ah qodobka ugu horreeya ee ku jira "Waajibaadka Xilliga Kala-guurka", wuxuuna faahfaahin ka bixinayaa Cutubka 15, Qodobbada 67 iyo 58 ee dukumeentiga. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-alliance-sudan-govt-work-to-make-juba-peace-talks-inclusive</ref> Qodobka 67.(b) wuxuu sheegayaa in [[Peace treaty|heshiis nabadeed]] la dhammaystiro lix bilood gudahood laga bilaabo saxiixa Qabyo-qoraalka Baaqa Dastuurka. Qodobka 67.(c) wuxuu u baahan yahay haweenka inay ka qaybqaataan dhammaan heerarka geeddi-socodka nabadda iyo in [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 1325]]<nowiki/>la dabaqo, iyo dejinta sharciga ah ee xuquuqda haweenka waxaa lagu daboolay Qodobka 67.(d). Hababka kale ee lagu hirgelinayo geeddi-socodka nabadda ee dhammaystiran waxaa lagu taxay Qodobbada 67.(e) ( [[Ceasefire|joojinta colaadaha]], furitaanka [[Humanitarian corridor|marinnada gargaarka bani'aadamnimada]], sii deynta maxaabiista iyo [[Prisoner exchange|is-weydaarsiga]] ), 67.(f) ( [[Amnesty|cafisyada]]<nowiki/>hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadda iyo xubnaha dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka hubaysan), iyo 67.(g) ( [[Transitional justice|caddaalad ku-meel-gaar ah]]<nowiki/>iyo isla xisaabtanka [[Crimes against humanity|dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanaha]] iyo [[War crime|dambiyada dagaalka]] iyo maxkamadaha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah). <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2" /> Qodobka 68 wuxuu taxayaa 13 "arrimo muhiim u ah wadahadallada nabadda". <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2" /> == Dhacdooyinka isku dhaca == Intii u dhaxaysay bartamihii Sebtembar ilaa bartamihii Noofambar 2019, 40 weerar oo ay ciidamada amniga Suudaan ku qaadeen dad rayid ah ayaa ka dhacay Darfur, kuwaas oo lagu dilay ama lagu dhaawacay dad rayid ah, Mershing, Shangil Tobai, Gray Kalakl, Andro, Kadner, Mukjar, Gereida iyo Krenk. Wakiil ka tirsan dadka gudaha ku barakacay (IDPs) ayaa xaaladda amniga ku tilmaamay mid aan isbeddelin tan iyo markii awoodda laga wareejiyay [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Golaha Milatariga ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah]] una wareejiyay Golaha Madaxbannaanida rayidka iyo militariga iyo [[Cabinet of Sudan|golaha wasiirada]] rayidka. Iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo u dhexeeya ciidamada amniga ee dawladda iyo [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Suudaan/Ciidanka]](al-Nur; SLM-al-Nur) ayaa dhacay As of November . , SLM (al-Nuur) way diiday inay ku biirto geeddi-socodka nabadda Juba. == Raadinta gorgortanka juqraafiyeed == Wadahadallada nabadda waxaa loo kala saaray waddooyin is barbar socda oo ku yaal shan gobol oo juqraafi ahaan kala duwan: * ''Darfur'' : heshiis siyaasadeed oo ay ku jiraan xabad joojin iyo gargaar bani'aadamnimo ayaa waxaa saxiixay [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Hemetti]]<nowiki/>iyo SRF 21kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/women-demand-participation-in-peace-negotiations</ref> heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'' ayaa la saxiixay 28kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020; <ref name="aljazeera2020">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/no-oppression-against-women-initiative-calls-for-social-peace-in-sudan</ref> * ''Labada Aag'' : Buuraha Koonfurta Kordofan/Nuba iyo gobolka Blue Nile; ** heshiis siyaasadeed waxaa u saxeexay SPLM-N (al-Hilu) iyo Khabbashi oo ka tirsan Golaha Qaranimada 18kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68523 |access-date=2026-06-11 |archive-date=2019-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116131728/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68523 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Heshiis xabad joojin iyo hab-maamuuska bani'aadamnimada ah ayaa waxaa kala saxiixday SPLM-N (Agar) iyo Hemetti 17kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'', oo ay ku jiraan heshiisyo siyaasadeed iyo amni, waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo Ahmed El Omda Badi oo matalaya SPLM-N (Agar) 24kii Janaayo 2020, oo ay ku jiraan madax-bannaanida sharci-dejinta ee Labada Aag iyo mideynta dhammaan ciidamada qalabka sida hal ciidan qaran;   heshiis amni oo lagu mideynayo SRF [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan]] ayaa la saxiixay 17kii Agoosto 2020;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020 SRF; <ref name="Dabanga_Darfur_comprehensive">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68772 |access-date=2026-06-11 |archive-date=2020-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106215804/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68772 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="dw">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/sudan-signs-peace-deal-rebel-groups-darfur-200831091517458.html</ref> * ''Waqooyiga'' Suudaan: Wadahadalladii lala galay SRF ayaa la hakiyey 22kii Janaayo 2020 iyadoo la eegayo go'aan ka gaarista sida loo ixtiraamo xuquuqda dadka ka barakacay [[Wadi Halfa]] ;  26kii Janaayo, heshiis ''kama dambays ah'', oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha qashin-qubka biyo-xireenka, waddooyinka iyo sunta, waxaa saxiixay Khabbashi iyo Dahab Ibrahim oo ka tirsan [[Kush Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kush]] ; * Suudaanta ''dhexe'' : heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo [[el-Tom Hajo]] oo ka tirsan SRF 24 Diseembar 2019; * ''Bariga'' Suudaan: heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' oo kordhiyey matalaadda bariga ee qaab-dhismeedka federaalka iyo hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee la aasaasay ayaa la saxiixay 21kii Febraayo 2020; == Tixraacyada == gazcpg15mnbpm9i08y6h96vq8hd5o00 Abu Amama 0 47640 312188 298975 2026-11-10T21:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Amama ''' waxay ahayd deked cusub oo loo qorsheeyay inay ku taallo 200&nbsp;km dhanka waqooyi ka xigta [[Port Sudan]] oo ku taal [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]]. Waxay lahayd aag ganacsi oo ku xiran. Waddo dhererkeedu yahay 450&nbsp;km oo ka timaada [[Abu Hamad]], aag dhaqaale, garoon diyaaradeed iyo aag beereed oo baaxadiisu tahay 400,000 oo feddan (415,000 oo hektar) ayaa lagu daray mashruuca.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/sudan-signs-6-bln-agreement-with-emirati-consortium-develop-red-sea-port-2022-12-13/|title=Sudan to develop Red Sea port in $6-bln initial pact with Emirati group|date=December 13, 2022|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> Shirkadda [[AD Ports Group]] oo laga leeyahay [[Abu Dhabi]] iyo shirkadda [[Invictus Investment]] oo laga leeyahay [[Dubai]] ayaa heshiis hordhac ah la saxiixday Sudan sanadkii 2022 si ay u dhisaan ugana hawgalaan dekedda iyo aag dhaqaale oo ku yaal Badda Cas iyadoo la isticmaalayo maalgashi dhexmaraya US$6 bilyan. Sudan waxay xaq u lahayd 35% faa'iidada maalgashiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-18 |title=UAE, Sudan To Build US$6 Billion Abu Amama Red Sea Port & SEZ |url=https://www.middleeastbriefing.com/news/uae-sudan-to-build-us6-billion-abu-amama-red-sea-port-sez/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=Middle East Briefing}}</ref> 3-dii November 2024, dawladda Sudan waxay joojisay heshiiska, iyadoo ku eaysay Abu Dhabi inay taageerto [[Rapid Support Forces]] ee ku sugan [[Sudanese civil war (2023–present)|dagaalka sokeeye ee Sudan (2023–hada)]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sudantribune.com/article292879/ |title=Sudan scraps $6 billion UAE port deal, citing RSF support |date=3 November 2024 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en |archive-date=4 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204020431/https://sudantribune.com/article292879/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} 8drxtnos5vip9c1i4zhfer7woiyixb3 Guddiga Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan 0 48177 312230 300767 2026-11-11T02:48:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guddiga Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan''' waa [[United Nations commission of inquiry|guddi baaritaan oo Qaramada Midoobay ah]] oo ay aasaastay [[Golaha Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay]] . <ref>https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R43344.pdf</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ungeneva.org/es/news-media/meeting-summary/2016/03/human-rights-council-establishes-commission-human-rights-south |access-date=2026-06-28 |archive-date=2025-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223215850/https://www.ungeneva.org/es/news-media/meeting-summary/2016/03/human-rights-council-establishes-commission-human-rights-south |url-status=dead }}</ref> Guddiga oo lagu aasaasay [https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/RES/31/20 Qaraarkii 31/20] 23 Maarso 2016, waxaa loo xilsaaray inuu la socdo oo uu baaro xadgudubyada [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda aadanaha]] ee ka dhaca [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waajibaadkiisa waxaa la cusbooneysiiyaa sannad kasta iyadoo lagu saleynayo go'aanka 47-ka waddan ee xubnaha ka ah [[Golaha Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha]] . <ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/02/26/joint-ngo-letter-calls-renewal-un-commission-human-rights-south-sudan-critical</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka == Guddiga waxaa madax u ah saddex Guddoomiye, oo ay magacawday [[Golaha Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay]] . <ref>https://sudantribune.com/article57589/ {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hadda, xubnaha Guddiga waa Marwo [[Yasmin Sooka]] <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2016/06/president-human-rights-council-appoints-members-monitoring-mission-south?LangID=E&NewsID=20097</ref> <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/co-h-south-sudan/bio#sooka</ref> (Guddoomiye, oo ka timid [[Koonfur Afrika]] ), Mudane Barney Afako (oo ka timid [[Yugandha|Uganda]] ), Mudane Carlos Castresana Fernandes <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/human-rights-council-president-appoints-carlos-castresana-fernandez-serve</ref> <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/06/human-rights-council-president-appoints-barney-afako-uganda-new-member-south</ref> (oo ka timid [[Isbania|Spain]] ). Guddiga waxaa taageera xoghayn fadhigeedu yahay [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . == Warbixinta == Guddigu wuxuu daabacaa warbixinnada baaritaanka sanadlaha ah (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Warbixinnada Waajibaadka) isagoo faahfaahinaya xaaladda guud [[Xuquuqda dadka|ee xuquuqda aadanaha]] ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]], wuxuuna sidoo kale daabacaa warbixinno mawduucyo ah oo loo yaqaan Warqadaha Qolka Shirarka (CRPs). Warbixinnadani waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan xadgudubyada ba'an ee [[International human rights law|Sharciga Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Caalamiga ah]] iyo [[International humanitarian law|Sharciga Caalamiga ah ee Bani'aadamnimada]], iyadoo si weyn diiradda loo saarayo rabshadaha galmada ee la xiriira colaadaha. <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/06/human-rights-council-president-appoints-barney-afako-uganda-new-member-south</ref> <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/human-rights-council-president-appoints-carlos-castresana-fernandez-serve</ref> Shaqaalaha xoghaynta Guddiga iyo saddexda Guddoomiye waxay sameeyaan hawlgallo xaqiiqo-raadin ah oo ka socda Koonfurta Suudaan iyo waddamada deriska ah si ay u wareystaan dhibanayaasha iyo markhaatiyaasha. Natiijooyinkan baaritaanka ayaa aasaas u ah warbixinnada Guddiga. Warbixinnada Guddiga waxaa isticmaala bulshooyinka caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan dowladaha iyo [[Non-governmental organization|NGO-yada]], si ay u xoojiyaan dadaalladooda u doodista iyo inay wargeliyaan go'aannada dejinta siyaasadda/jawaabta. <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/human-rights-council-president-appoints-carlos-castresana-fernandez-serve</ref> Warbixinadii ugu dambeeyay ee uu Guddigu soo saaray qaarkood waa sidan hoos ku qoran: * Warbixinta Maarso 2024: <ref>https://literaturfestival.com/en/authors/carlos-castresana-fernandez/</ref> waxay faahfaahin ka bixinaysaa xaaladda guud ee xuquuqda aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxayna tilmaamaysaa in suurtagalnimada xadgudubyo badan ay sarreyso haddii aysan dowladdu qaadin tallaabooyin degdeg ah oo u heellan si wax looga qabto waxyaabaha sababa khilaafaadka <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/human-rights-council-president-appoints-carlos-castresana-fernandez-serve</ref> * Warbixinta Oktoobar 2023 (CRP): waxay faahfaahin ka bixinaysaa xaaladda mawqifka madaniga ah iyo siyaasadeed ee Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxay sheegaysaa sida qalab nidaamsan loogu isticmaalo caburinta, xakamaynta iyo xakamaynta [[Civil society organization|ururada bulshada rayidka ah]] iyo [[Media (communication)|warbaahinta]] * Warbixinta Abriil 2023 (CRP): oo la sii daayay 3-dii Abriil, ayaa si faahfaahsan uga hadashay khilaafaadkii ka dhacay Koonfurta Suudaan intii lagu jiray 2022 waxayna muujinaysaa sida [[Impunity|ciqaab la'aantu]] u hurinayso rabshadaha dalka. Waxay diiwaangelisay xadgudubyada ka dhacay macnaha guud ee khilaafaadkan waxayna magacowday shaqsiyaadka mas'uulka ka ah isla arrintaas * Warbixinta Maarso 2023: waxay faahfaahin ka bixinaysaa xaaladda guud ee xuquuqda aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan iyadoo la raacayo natiijooyinka baaritaannada Guddiga intii lagu jiray 2022 waxayna sheegaysaa sida ciqaab la'aantu u horseeddo dhammaan khilaafaadka iyo xadgudubyada ka dhaca dalka. <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/07/human-rights-council-president-appoints-carlos-castresana-fernandez-serve</ref> == Tixraacyada == ffmpoe34nmj2cyiempyo5vj673pijh2 Suzanne Jambo 0 48283 312266 300542 2026-11-11T07:49:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzanne Jambo''' waa siyaasi, qareen iyo u ololeeyaha xuquuqda aadanaha ee u dhalatay [[South Sudan]]. == Waxbarashada == Suzanne Jambo waxay shahaado ku takhasustay sharciga guud ka qaadatay [[University of Buckingham]] ee Boqortooyada Midowday.<ref name=president/> == Shaqada iyo siyaasadda == Jambo waxay sanado badan ahayd u ololeeye firfircoon oo u doodda xuquuqda aadanaha gudaha [[South Sudan]] (iyo Suudaanta Koonfureed ka hor madaxbannaanida). Waxay ka mid ahayd wada-xaajoodayaashii geeddi-socodkii nabadda ee uu hoggaaminayay [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] intii u dhaxaysay 1998 ilaa 2005, kaas oo horseeday saxiixa [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] sanadkii 2005, kuna soo afjaray 21 sano oo dagaal sokeeye ah.<ref name="president">{{cite web|title=Female Candidate To Vie For Presidency In 2018 General Election |url=http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/21012/Female-Candidate-To-Vie-For-Presidency-In-2018-General-Election.aspx|publisher=Gurtong Trust}}</ref> Waxay la shaqeysay ururro badan oo maxalli ah oo aan dowliga ahayn ([[non-governmental organisation|NGO]]-yo) oo ku yaallay Koonfurta Suudaan si loo horumariyo maamulka, waxtarka iyo ballaarinta shaqadooda. Waxay si gaar ah uga shaqeysay ururrada u ololeeya ilaalinta xuquuqda haweenka.<ref name="president" /> Sannadkii 2001, waxay qortay buugga ''Overcoming gender conflict and bias: the case of New Sudan women and girls''.<ref name="sec" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Jambo|first1=Suzanne Samson|last2=Federation|first2=New Sudan Women|title=Overcoming gender conflict and bias: the case of New Sudan women and girls|date=2001|publisher=Jacaranda Designs|isbn=9789966884503|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_i0AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Waxay aasaastay New Sudanese Indigenous Network (NESI), oo ah urur mideeyay 20 urur oo Suudaani ah si ay uga wada shaqeeyaan arrimo ay ka mid yihiin xuquuqda haweenka, dib-u-dhiska bulshada dagaalka ka dib, xuquuqda aadanaha iyo dimuqraadiyadda.<ref name="president" /> Sannadkii 2007, NESI waxay la shaqaynaysay 67 urur oo kala duwan oo gobolka ka jiray.<ref name="sec">{{cite web|title=Suzanne Jambo|url=https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/experts/suzanne-jambo/|publisher=Inclusive Security|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref> Jambo waxaa loo magacaabay guddoomiye ka tirsan Guddiga Qorista Sharciyada ee Koonfurta Suudaan, kaas oo diyaariyay [[Constitution of the interim period, CPA of southern Sudan, 2005-2011]] sanadkii 2005.<ref name="sec" /> Muddo siddeed sano ah, Jambo waxay ahayd Xoghayaha Xiriirka Dibadda ee SPLM iyadoo uu guddoomiye ka ahaa madaxweynaha hadda ee Koonfurta Suudaan [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], oo ah guddoomiyaha [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]] (SPLM). Waxay xilkan haysay intii u dhaxaysay 2008 ilaa 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jopson|first1=Barney|title=South Sudan's road to independence|url=https://www.ft.com/content/de01dc96-30a5-11df-a24b-00144feabdc0|accessdate=12 November 2017|work=Financial Times|date=20 March 2010}}</ref> Waxay ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee noqota xoghaye intii lagu jiray xilligii ku-meelgaarka ahaa iyo ilaa Koonfurta Suudaan ay madaxbannaanideeda qaadatay sanadkii 2011.<ref name="Chipato">{{Cite news|url=http://www.allnetafrica.com/2018/08/08/meet-south-sudans-1st-female-presidential-challenger-suzanne-jambo/|title=Meet South Sudan's 1st Female Presidential Challenger, Suzanne Jambo - Allnet Africa|last=Chipato|first=Victor|date=2018-08-08|work=Allnet Africa|access-date=2018-09-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021080515/https://www.allnetafrica.com/2018/08/08/meet-south-sudans-1st-female-presidential-challenger-suzanne-jambo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay xilkaas sii haysay ugu yaraan ilaa 2013, markaas oo ay dhaliishay nidaam la'aanta iyo dimuqraadiyad la'aanta gudaha SPLM, maadaama uu ahaa xisbiga talada haya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Law|first1=Tom|title=South Sudan declares itself open for business|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/12/south-sudan-declares-itself-open-business-2013121163038495720.html|accessdate=12 November 2017|work=Al Jazeera|issue=12 December 2013}}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, Suzanne waxay ku guuleysatay Abaalmarinta Mandela Peace Prize, taas oo lagu maamuusay dadaalladeeda ku aaddan horumarinta iyo difaaca xuquuqda haweenka.<ref>https://hotinjuba.com/presidential-aspirant-suzzane-jambo-receives-mandela-ubuntu-price-peace/</ref> Waxay sidoo kale khilaaf kala dhex galay Madaxweyne Mayardit kadib markii uu magacaabay seedigiis [[Gregory Deng Kuac Aduol]] inuu noqdo guddoomiyaha [[Gogrial State]] halkii doorasho laga qaban lahaa. Taas awgeed, Jambo waxay noqotay mucaarad siyaasadeed oo ka soo horjeeda madaxweynaha.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yel Yel|first1=Simon|title=The Question of nepotism in South Sudan|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article61354|accessdate=12 November 2017|work=Sudan Tribune|archive-date=18 Bisha Tobnaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018215337/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article61354|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxay ku dhawaaqday inay isu soo sharxi doonto xilka madaxweynaha doorashada guud ee xigta ee Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mudimu |first1=George T |last2=Chipato |first2=Fadzai |date=2025-01-18 |title=(wl-2435)-Dispossession in the name of climate change? |url=https://doi.org/10.71279/epw.v60i3.40945 |journal=Economic & Political Weekly |volume=60 |issue=3 |doi=10.71279/epw.v60i3.40945 |issn=2349-8846|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Waxay ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee isu soo taagta musharraxnimada madaxweynaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan. == Tixraacyo == 9mklm12cxbn4b6oe0b2e283z7qvyenw Edmund Yakani 0 48319 312215 310764 2026-11-11T01:49:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edmund Yakani''' waa u ololeeye bulshada rayidka ah oo u dhashay [[South Sudan]] isla markaana ah [[Human rights defender|u doode xuquuqda aadanaha]]. Waa Agaasimaha Fulinta ee Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO), oo ah urur fadhigiisu yahay [[Juba]], [[South Sudan]], kana shaqeeya arrimaha nabad-dhisidda, [[human rights|xuquuqda aadanaha]], iyo maamul dimuqraadi ah. Waxa uu caan ku yahay doorkiisa ku aaddan hindisayaasha bulshada rayidka intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Koonfurta Suudaan. == Noloshii hore iyo waxbarashada == Yakani wuxuu cilmiga siyaasadda iyo sharciga ku bartay [[University of Juba]]. Waxa kale oo uu haystaa dibloomo ku saabsan daraasaadka jinsiga iyo kaaliyaha sharciga (paralegal studies). Kahor inta uusan noqon u ololeeye waqti-buuxa ah, wuxuu ka shaqayn jiray cilmi-baaris iyo u doodista siyaasadaha la xiriira maamulka, ku dhaqanka sharciga, iyo dib-u-habaynta waaxda amniga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Edmund Yakani Berizilious |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team/mr-edmund-yakani-berizilious |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization |archive-date=2025-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628163936/https://cepo-southsudan.org/team/mr-edmund-yakani-berizilious |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shaqada iyo u ololeynta == Yakani wuxuu door muuqda ka qaatay bulshada rayidka ee Koonfurta Suudaan, gaar ahaan intii lagu jiray wada-hadalladii nabadda iyo dadaalladii dib-u-dhiska dalka dagaalka ka dib. Isagoo ah Agaasimaha Fulinta ee CEPO,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO) |url=https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=UNCAC Coalition |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806082952/https://uncaccoalition.org/anti-corruption-platforms/africa/south-sudan/community-empowerment-for-progress-organization/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wuxuu ka qayb qaatay wada-hadallada qaran, kormeerka doorashooyinka, doodaha ku saabsan caddaaladda ku-meel-gaarka ah, iyo u doodista maamul loo dhan yahay.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 8, 2024 |title=CEPO's Yakani embarks on global lobby for peaceful transition in South Sudan |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-embarks-on-global-lobby-for-peaceful-transition-in-south-sudan |access-date=June 28, 2025 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team |url=https://cepo-southsudan.org/team |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Community Empowerment for Progress Organization |archive-date=2025-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714020006/https://www.cepo-southsudan.org/team |url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxa kale oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay madallo goboleed oo bulshada rayidka ah, waxaana sannadkii 2023 loo doortay Madaxweynaha Golaha Ururrada Bulshada Rayidka ee Bariga Afrika (EACSOF). Yakani wuxuu si joogto ah uga qayb qaatay hawlaha u doodista heer qaran iyo heer caalami, isagoo la shaqeeyay dejiyeyaasha siyaasadda iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee arrimaha saameeya Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2023-05-05 |title=Edmund Yakani named new EAC Civil Society leader |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/edmund-yakani-elected-head-of-eac-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-05-09 |title=CEPO's Yakani elected president of regional civil society forum |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/cepos-yakani-elected-president-of-regional-civil-society-forum |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, Yakani wuxuu booqday [[Washington, D.C.]], halkaas oo uu kula kulmay saraakiil ka tirsan dowladda Mareykanka, ururrada bulshada rayidka ah, iyo hay'ado caalami ah si uu ugu ololeeyo isbeddel dimuqraadi ah iyo ixtiraamka xuquuqda aadanaha ee Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-03-07 |title=Civil society leader Yakani in Washington to advocate for democratic transition |url=https://www.sudanspost.com/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-yakani-in-washington-to-advocate-for-democratic-transition/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Sudans Post |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250721084705/https://www.sudanspost.com/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-yakani-in-washington-to-advocate-for-democratic-transition/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mararka qaar, hawlaha u ololeynta ee Yakani waxay keeneen hanjabaado. Wuxuu si cad u sheegay inuu helay hanjabaado dil iyo inuu bartilmaameed u noqday dhaleeceyntiisa ku wajahan siyaasiyiinta Koonfurta Suudaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sii waday inuu si cad uga hadlo arrimaha xuquuqda aadanaha, bannaanka bulshada rayidka, iyo isla xisaabtanka dowladda.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-02-14 |title=South Sudanese human rights defender Edmund Yakani Receives Death Threats |url=https://crd.org/2020/02/14/south-sudanese-hrd-edmund-yakani-receives-death-threats/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2024-07-05 |title=Yakani reports receiving death threats over NSS bill comments |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/yakani-reports-receiving-death-threats-over-nss-bill-comments/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abaalmarinno iyo aqoonsi == Sannadkii 2017, wuxuu helay Abaalmarinta Civil Rights Defender of the Year oo ay bixiso hay'adda Civil Rights Defenders ee fadhigeedu yahay Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-04-04 |title=Civil Rights Defender of the Year 2017 – Edmund Yakani |url=https://crd.org/2017/04/04/civil-rights-defender-of-the-year-award-2017-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Civil Rights Defenders |language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadkii 2022, waxaa lagu sharfay abaalmarin heer qaaradeed ah oo lagu aqoonsaday kaalintiisa nabad-dhisidda iyo u ololeynta bulshada rayidka ee Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grandolfo |first=Francesca |date=2020-05-31 |title=Human Rights Defender of the Month: Edmund Yakani |url=https://defenddefenders.org/human-rights-defender-of-the-month-edmund-yakani/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=DefendDefenders |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-01-24 |title=South Sudan civil society leader wins civil rights award |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudan-civil-society-leader-wins-civil-rights-award |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ninrew |first=Chany |date=2022-11-05 |title=CEPO leader Edmund Yakani wins continental award |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/cepo-leader-edmund-yakani-wins-continental-award/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Eye Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 3ds9hbvo0a2q6c9sv3rxkcs1b1fz26p Eye Radio 0 48322 312222 301222 2026-11-11T02:07:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eye Radio''', oo hore loogu yiqiin '''Sudan Radio Service''', waa idaacad 24-saacadood ah oo xarunteedu tahay [[Juba]], [[South Sudan]]. Idaacadda waxaa sidoo kale laga dhageysan karaa internetka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abeka |first1=Moses |title=Media and music in South Sudan |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/node/16398 |website=musicinafrica.net |publisher=Music in Africa |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> == Taariikh == Idaacadda waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo loo bixiyay Sudan Radio Service (SRS) 30-kii Luulyo 2003 magaalada Nairobi, iyadoo ahayd mashruuc ay maalgelisay [[United States Agency for International Development|USAID]] oo ay fulinaysay Education Development Center (EDC), waxaana markii hore lagu baahin jiray hirarka gaagaaban (shortwave). Bilowgii, idaacaddu waxay baahin jirtay war kooban iyo barnaamijyo muusig ah muddo hal saac ah, waxaana laga sii dayn jiray luqadaha [[English language|Ingiriis]], [[Arabic]], [[Dinka language|Dinka]], [[Zande language|Azande]], [[Shilluk language|Shilluk]], [[Nuer language|Nuer]], [[Bari language|Bari]], iyo [[Moru language|Moru]]. Sannadkii 2005, idaacaddu waxay si toos ah u baahisay [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]].<ref name="ER">{{cite web |last1=Eye Radio |first1=Eye Radio |title=About Us |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/about-us/ |website=eyeradio.org |publisher=Eye Radio |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="EYE">{{cite web |last1=Ninrew |first1=Chany |title=Eye Radio at 12: A Story of Success and Sustainability Challenge |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/eye-media-at-12-a-story-of-success-and-sustainability-challenge/ |website=eyeradio.org |publisher=Eye Radio |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> Bishii Juun 2010, SRS waxay si rasmi ah uga bilowday baahinta xarunteeda ku taal magaalada Juba.<ref name="EYER">{{cite web |last1=Ninrew |first1=Chany |title=Eye Radio voted South Sudan's Most Trusted, Most Listened-to-Radio - Survey |url=https://www.eyeradio.org/eye-radio-voted-south-sudans-most-trusted-most-listened-to-radio-survey/ |website=eyeradio.org |publisher=Eye Radio |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> Bishii Agoosto 2012, idaacaddu waxay magaceeda ka beddeshay Sudan Radio Service una beddeshay Eye Radio.<ref name="ER"/> 11-kii Nofeembar 2016, dowladda Koonfur Suudaan ayaa hakisay baahinta Eye Radio kadib markii ay sii daysay cod uu lahaa [[Riek Machar]] oo laga soo qaatay wareysi uu siiyay [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera TV]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sudan Tribute |first1=Sudan Tribute |title=South Sudan radio unveils clip that led to closure |url=https://sudantribune.com/article59072/ |website=sudantribune.com |publisher=Sudan Tribute |access-date=11 March 2024}} {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dumo |first1=Denis |title=South Sudan authorities shut down popular radio station |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN13613S/ |website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref> 19-kii Nofeembar, dowladda ayaa qaaday xayiraaddii, waxaana Eye Radio dib u billowday baahinteedii.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sudan Tribute |first1=Sudan Tribute |title=South Sudan lifts ban on Eye Radio |url=https://sudantribune.com/article59118/ |website=sudantribune.com |publisher=Sudan Tribute |access-date=11 March 2024}} {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sannadkii 2019, Eye Radio waxay soo bandhigtay warbixin ku saabsan booliska oo lacago sharci darro ah ka qaadanayay darawallada gaadiidka sababo la xiriira muraayadaha madow ee baabuurta (factory tints). Warbixintan ka dib, dowladda ayaa xirtay 85 askari oo boolis ah, halka siddeed kalena shaqada laga eryay.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Internews |first1=Internews |title=Eye Radio Helps the Public Fight Corruption by Police |url=https://internews.org/eye-radio-helps-public-fight-corruption-police/ |website=internews.org |publisher=Internews |access-date=11 March 2024 |archive-date=29 Bisha Labaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229130339/https://internews.org/eye-radio-helps-public-fight-corruption-police/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Baahinta == Eye Radio waxay leedahay 11 xarumood oo dib-u-baahin (repeaters) ah oo ku yaal [[Yambio]], [[Wau, South Sudan|Wau]], [[Aweil]], [[Kuajok]], [[Renk]], [[Malakal]], [[Baliet County|Baliet]], iyo [[Bor, South Sudan|Bor]].<ref name="EYER"/> Iyadoo adeegsanaysa tamarta qoraxda (solar panels), idaacaddu waxay awood u leedahay inay hawada ku jirto 24 saacadood maalintii.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Inter News |first1=Inter News |title=Eye Radio Sustains Airtime with Solar Power |url=https://internews.org/eye-radio-sustains-airtime-solar-power/ |website=internews.org |publisher=Inter News |access-date=11 March 2024 |archive-date=11 Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311053428/https://internews.org/eye-radio-sustains-airtime-solar-power/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eye Radio waxay baahisaa warar ku baxa Ingiriisi, Carabi iyo luqado kale oo qaran, barnaamijyo madadaalo, baahin toos ah oo wada-hadallada nabadda ah, iyo sidoo kale barnaamijyo isboorti.<ref name="ER"/> USAID ayaa bixisay maalgelin lagu taageerayo hawlaha iyo shaqada Eye Radio.<ref name="EYE"/> == Tixraacyo == 7wjjvftlrt01ca15nwjbzapxmeoalez Biyo xireenka Jebel Aulia 0 48325 312196 300291 2026-11-10T23:09:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name =Biyo xireenka Jebel Aulia | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|15|14|17|N|32|29|018|E|region:SD-25_type:landmark|display=title, title}} | country =Sudan | location = | purpose = | status =Operational | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | builder = | designed_by = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_length = | spillway_capacity = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | spillway_type2 = | spillway_length2 = | spillway_capacity2 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | spillway_type3 = | spillway_length3 = | spillway_capacity3 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | lower_dam_type = | lower_dam_crosses = | lower_dam_height_foundation = | lower_dam_height_thalweg = | lower_dam_length = | lower_dam_elevation_crest = | lower_dam_width_crest = | lower_dam_width_base = | lower_dam_volume = | lower_spillway_count = | lower_spillway_type = | lower_spillway_length = | lower_spillway_capacity = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | lower_spillway_type2 = | lower_spillway_length2 = | lower_spillway_capacity2 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | lower_spillway_type3 = | lower_spillway_length3 = | lower_spillway_capacity3 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | lower_res_name = | lower_res_capacity_total = | lower_res_capacity_active = | lower_res_capacity_inactive = | lower_res_catchment = | lower_res_surface = | lower_res_max_length = | lower_res_max_width = | lower_res_max_depth = | lower_res_elevation = | lower_res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|..|..|type:landmark|display=inline}}--> | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_pumpgenerators = | plant_pumps = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_efficiency = | plant_storage_hours = | plant_annual_gen = | plant_annual_gen_year = | website = | extra = }} [[File:Sudan. Jebel Awlia, to Malakal. Air view. Dam south of Khartoum, largest engineering project on the Nile LOC matpc.17377.jpg|thumb|Sawir xagga cirka ah oo muujinaya Biyo-xireenka Jebal Aulia oo dhisme ku jira sanadkii 1936]] '''Biyo-xireenka Jebal Aulia''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaal [[White Nile|Nila Cad]] oo u dhow [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]]. Dhismihiisu wuxuu billowday 1933-dii waxaana la dhameystiray 1937-dii. Markii la dhameystiray wuxuu ahaa biyo-xireenka ugu weyn dunida.<ref name="SBC">{{cite book |title=Local List – Statement of Public Consultation |publisher=[[Spelthorne Borough Council]] |date=December 2003 }}{{page needed|date=April 2017}}</ref> Biyo-xireenka waxaa dhisay shirkadda Gibson and Pauling (Foreign) Ltd, oo ahayd iskaashi dhexmaray shirkadda dhismaha madaniga ah ee Ingiriiska ee [[Pauling & Co.]] iyo [[civil engineer|injineerka madaniga ah]] ee [[John Watson Gibson]].<ref>{{cite DNB |wstitle=Gibson, Sir John Watson (1885-1947) |display=Gibson, Sir John Watson (1885–1947) |last=Gibson |first=Howard |last2=D'Erlanger |first2=Leo |volume= |year=2004 |url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33391 |accessdate=28 April 2010}}</ref> Sanadkii 2003-dii, mashruuc [[hydroelectricity|korontada biyaha]] laga dhaliyo oo leh awoodda ugu sarreysa oo ah {{convert|30|MW|adj=on}} ayaa lagu dhameystiray biyo-xireenka. Tani waxay kor u qaadday muhiimadda istiraatiijiyadeed ee dhismaha, sidaas darteed hadda waxaa si joogto ah u ilaaliya [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Sudan]].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Bishii Nofembar 2023, Buundada Jebel Aulia, oo qayb ka ah dhismaha Biyo-xireenka Jebel Aulia, ayaa la burburiyay xilli ay socdeen dagaallo culus oo ka dhacay [[Jabal Awliya]]. [[Government of Sudan|Masuul u hadlay dowladda Sudan]] ayaa sheegay in biyo-xireenka laftiisu uu badbaaday oo aanu waxyeello gaarin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sudantribune.com/article279489/ |title=Jebel Aulia dam is not damaged by bridge destruction: official |date=18 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2024 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |archive-date=28 Bisha Afraad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428105506/https://sudantribune.com/article279489/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Disembar 2024, [[Rapid Support Forces|Ciidanka Taageerada Degdegga ah]] (RSF) ayaa ku eedeeyay [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Sudan]] (SAF) inay waxyeello u geysteen biyo-xireenka duqeymo cirka ah, taas oo keentay daadad ka dhaca [[White Nile State|Gobolka Nila Cad]]. SAF ayaa iyaguna ku eedeeyay RSF inay sababeen in kaydka biyuhu uu si jiif ah u fado ka dib markii ay xireen biyo-xireenka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sudantribune.com/article295013/ |title=White Nile floodwaters engulf new areas, RSF blames army |date=23 December 2024 |access-date=24 December 2024 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |archive-date=4 Bisha Labaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250204001159/https://sudantribune.com/article295013/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|30em}} {{stack|{{Portal|Water|Renewable energy}}}} jwq7zdbyuxua30yd00ct6xxmyorjg2d Clement Lochio Lomornana 0 48465 312206 300553 2026-11-11T00:14:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clement Lochio Lomornana''' (wuxuu dhashay 1983; la waayay 15 Agoosto 2015) wuxuu ahaa saxafi iyo u ololeeye xuquuqda aadanaha oo u dhashay Koonfur Suudaan. Shaqadiisii uu ka qabtay Gurtong Media awgeed, wuxuu caan ku noqday difaaca [[Freedom of the press|xorriyadda warbaahinta]] iyo [[freedom of speech|xorriyadda hadalka]] ee [[South Sudan]], iyo sidoo kale dhaleeceyntiisa ku aaddan [[South Sudanese Civil War|dagaalkii sokeeye ee Koonfur Suudaan]]. Lochio Lomornana waxaa la xiray 6 Agoosto 2015, mana uusan mar dambe ka muuqan fagaaraha tan iyo 15 Agoosto 2015. Qaar ka mid ah ururrada xuquuqda aadanaha ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay qof "**[[Presumption of death|loo malaynayo inuu dhintay]]**". == Shaqada == Lochio Lomornana wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Didinga people|qowmiyadda Didinga]], wuxuuna asal ahaan kasoo jeeday [[Namorunyang]], oo ah tuulo ku taalla [[Kapoeta South County]] ee gobolka [[Eastern Equatoria]], xilligii ay ka tirsanaan jirtay [[Democratic Republic of Sudan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Clement Lochio Lomornana |url=https://hrdmemorial.org/?hrdrecord=clement-lochio-lomornana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712095657/https://hrdmemorial.org/?hrdrecord=clement-lochio-lomornana |archive-date=2025-07-12 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=HRD Memorial |language=en-GB}}</ref> Lochio Lomornana iyo qoyskiisa waxay ku barakaceen [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Sokeeye ee Suudaan]], waxaana sannadkii 1993 lagu qasbay inay ka cararaan tuuladooda kadib madaafiic ay soo rideen [[South Sudan People's Defence Forces|Sudan People's Liberation Army]]. Ugu dambayn waxay degeen [[refugee camp|xero qaxooti]] oo ku taalla [[Kenya]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last1=Poplak |first1=Richard |last2=Bloom |first2=Kevin |date=2012-11-06 |title=Africa 3.0: Tuning into the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-06-tuning-into-the-future/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114201244/https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-06-tuning-into-the-future/ |archive-date=2025-01-14 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Markii uu jiray 10 sano, Lochio Lomornana waxaa lagu qasbay inuu u dagaallamo SPLA isagoo ahaa [[Children in the military|askar carruur ah]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Bashir |first=Misbahu |date=2011-11-22 |title=South Sudan: Experiences of a Child Soldier Turned Journalist |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201111220750.html |access-date=2025-07-19 |work=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref> Lochio Lomornana wuxuu muddo lix sano ah u shaqaynayay Gurtong Media isagoo ahaa saxafi iyo sawirqaade, wuxuuna saldhiggiisu ahaa [[Juba]] markii la waayay sannadkii 2015.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=South Sudan: Thousands Still Missing |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/08/28/south-sudan-thousands-still-missing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209233911/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/08/28/south-sudan-thousands-still-missing |archive-date=2025-02-09 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> Wuxuu taageersanaa [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|madaxbannaanida]] Koonfur Suudaan ay kaga go'ay [[Sudan]], isaga oo sheegay in shacabka Koonfur Suudaan ay la kulmeen "takoorid iyo dulmi" uga yimid [[Government of Sudan|dowladdii Suudaan]], isla markaana tilmaamay kala duwanaanshaha dhaqan iyo diimeed ee u dhexeeya waqooyiga ay Muslimiintu u badan yihiin iyo koonfurta ay Masiixiyiintu u badan yihiin. Wuxuu u codeeyay madaxbannaanida aftidii 2011. Lochio Lomornana wuxuu ahaa Masiixi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-09 |title=Sudan referendum: 'Peace at any cost' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12141082 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426074401/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12141082 |archive-date=2025-04-26 |access-date=2025-07-13 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kadib madaxbannaanida, Lochio Lomornana wuxuu noqday u ololeeye u dooda xorriyadda hadalka iyo xorriyadda warbaahinta ee Koonfur Suudaan. Isagoo adeegsanaya Gurtong Media, wuxuu isku dayay inuu isbaro oo isu soo dhaweeyo qowmiyadaha kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Didinga, [[Nuer people|Nuer]], [[Dinka people|Dinka]] iyo [[Ketebo people|Ketebo]].<ref name=":6"/> == La waayitaankiisa == Bilihii ka horreeyay xariggiisa, Lochio Lomornana wuxuu sheegay inuu la kulmay tacaddiyo uga yimid hay'adaha dowladda, oo ay ku jireen in la daba socdo intii uu safar ugu jiray Juba iyo hanjabaado dil. Markii dambe, [[United Nations]] waxay go'aamisay inuu marar badan la kulmay dabagal, handadaad iyo cabsi gelin intii u dhaxaysay 2013 iyo 2015.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2015-09-24 |title=Internal Communication Clearance Form |url=https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=19075 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518121129/https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=19075 |archive-date=2024-05-18 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2016-01-05 |title=Case History: Clement Lochio Lomornana |url=https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-clement-lochio-lomornana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307232418/https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-clement-lochio-lomornana |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Front Line Defenders |language=en}}</ref> Taasi waxay ku qasabtay inuu dalka ka baxsado bishii Abriil 2015. Wuxuu marka hore tegay Kenya, dabadeedna [[Uganda]], ka hor intuusan dib ugu soo laaban Koonfur Suudaan bishii Agoosto 2015.<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":2"/> Waaberigii 6 Agoosto 2015, ciidamada ammaanka ayaa si sharci-darro ah uga qabtay gurigiisa oo ku yaalla [[Chukudum]], [[Budi County]], Bariga Equatoria, isaga iyo laba saaxiibbadiis oo walaalo ahaa, Amin iyo Nailo Venansio. Ragga waxaa loo qaaday xero ciidan halkaas oo la sheegay in saraakiil ka timid Juba ay jirdil ugu geysteen si ay ugu qasbaan inay qirtaan dambiyo aysan gelin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review - 26th Session of the UPR Working Group - Republic of South Sudan |url=https://civicus.org/images/South%20Sudan%20UPR.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228204954/https://civicus.org/images/South%20Sudan%20UPR.pdf |archive-date=2025-02-28 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=CIVICUS and East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Akuer Maze |first=Aborcup J. |date=2017-02-04 |title=Peace Efforts Earn Bishop Paride Taban Top UN Award |url=https://medium.com/@aborcupakuer/peace-efforts-earn-bishop-paride-taban-top-un-award-5b29e22d879c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712100146/https://medium.com/@aborcupakuer/peace-efforts-earn-bishop-paride-taban-top-un-award-5b29e22d879c |archive-date=2025-07-12 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=Medium |language=en}}</ref> Intii ay xirnaayeen, walaalaha Venansio waxaa loo oggolaaday inay booqdaan qoyskoodu, halka Lochio Lomornana aan loo oggolaan. Markii ugu dambeysay ee la arkay Lochio Lomornana iyo Nailo Venansio waxay ahayd 15 Agoosto 2015, markaas oo ilo maxalli ahi sheegeen in lagu khasbay inay fuulaan gaari ciidan. Amin Venansio ayaa markii dambe la sii daayay iyada oo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5"/> === Falcelin === Mas'uuliyiinta Koonfur Suudaan waxay si rasmi ah u beeniyeen inay xireen Lochio Lomornana.<ref name=":2"/> [[Louis Lobong Lojore]], guddoomiyihii Bariga Equatoria, wuu diiday inuu ka jawaabo su'aalaha la xiriira xarigga Lochio Lomornana iyo walaalaha Venansio. Wuxuu sheegay in qof kasta oo ay ciidamada ammaanku qabtaan la baari doono, lana sii deyn doono haddii uu waxba galabsan yahay.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-08-29 |title=Fears as South Sudanese journalist disappears for weeks |url=https://sudantribune.com/article54688/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905003829/https://sudantribune.com/article54688/ |archive-date=2022-09-05 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Mark Akio Ukinbul, Wasiirka Warfaafinta iyo Baahinta ee Bariga Equatoria, ayaa u sheegay ''Nation Mirror'' inuusan ka warqabin saxafiyiin lagu xiray Budi County. Guddoomiyaha Budi County, Felix Makuja, ayaa markii hore sheegay in ragga la baarayo, lagana yaabo in loo wareejiyo Torit ama Juba si baaritaan dheeraad ah loogu sameeyo. Wareysi dambe ayuu ku sheegay inuusan ka warqabin in la xiray ama meesha lagu hayo.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2015-11-16 |title=Government of South Sudan & Eastern Equatoria State Murdered Five (5) BUDI County Intellectuals |url=https://www.nyamile.com/press-release/government-of-south-sudan-eastern-equatoria-state-murdered-five-5-budi-county-intellectuals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806044846/https://www.nyamile.com/press-release/government-of-south-sudan-eastern-equatoria-state-murdered-five-5-budi-county-intellectuals/ |archive-date=2021-08-06 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Nyamilepedia |language=en-US}}</ref> Qoyska Lochio Lomornana waxay sameeyeen dadaallo aan guulaysan oo ay ku raadinayeen xeryaha ciidamada ee [[Torit]], [[Kapoeta]] iyo Juba.<ref name=":1"/> Waxaa jiray warar aan la xaqiijin oo sheegayay in mayd madaxa laga jaray oo la rumaysan yahay inuu yahay Lochio Lomornana laga helay jidka u dhexeeya Chukudum iyo Torit.<ref name=":0"/> Qoyskiisu waxay sheegeen in maydka darawalkiisii la helay, balse meydadka madaxa laga jaray ay aad u qudhmeen isla markaana ay qayb ahaan cuneen gorgorro, taasoo ka dhigtay kuwo aan la aqoonsan karin.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2015-08-31 |title=Arrested journalist feared killed in Eastern Equatoria |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/arrested-journalist-feared-killed-in-eastern-equatoria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713120931/https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/arrested-journalist-feared-killed-in-eastern-equatoria |archive-date=2025-07-13 |access-date=2025-07-13 |work=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2015-09-08 |title=Journalist feared killed after two beheaded bodies found along Chukudum-Buya road |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/journalist-feared-killed-after-two-beheaded-bodies-found-along-chukudum-buya-road |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719164725/https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/journalist-feared-killed-after-two-beheaded-bodies-found-along-chukudum-buya-road |archive-date=2025-07-19 |access-date=2025-07-19 |work=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' iyo [[Human Rights Watch]] labaduba waxay Lochio Lomornana ku tilmaameen "**loo malaynayo inuu dhintay**", inkasta oo uu si rasmi ah weli u yahay qof la la'yahay. Qoyskiisa ayaa u sheegay [[Radio Tamazuj]] inay rumaysan yihiin inuu dhintay, ayna u sameeyeen aas diimeed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=p'Arop Otto |first=Opoka |date=2016-07-07 |title=South Sudan is wiping out its free press, one journalist at a time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/07/south-sudan-is-wiping-out-its-free-press-one-journalist-at-a-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723210307/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/07/south-sudan-is-wiping-out-its-free-press-one-journalist-at-a-time |archive-date=2024-07-23 |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" /> Warbaahinta maxalliga ah, oo ay ku jirto ''Nyamilepedia'', waxay sheegtay in Lochio Lomornana iyo walaalaha Venansio ay dileen Hay'adda Sirdoonka ee Koonfur Suudaan.<ref name=":7" /> Bishii Sebtembar 2015, Qaramada Midoobay waxay sheegtay inay heshay caddeymo muujinaya in Lochio Lomornana lagu jirdilay xabsiga, oo ay ku jireen [[mock execution|dilal been abuur ah]] iyo [[sleep deprivation|hurdo u diidid]].<ref name=":3" /> Sannadkii 2016, Ergayga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu muujiyay walaac ku saabsan badbaadada Lochio Lomornana, wuxuuna dowladda Koonfur Suudaan ugu baaqay inay si degdeg ah wax uga qabato arrintaas. Waxa uu sheegay in xariggiisa, jirdilkiisa iyo la waayitaankiisu ay si toos ah ula xiriireen "shaqadiisa saxafinimo ee difaaca xuquuqda aadanaha".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-06 |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders |url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/31/55/Add.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713121424/https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/31/55/Add.1 |archive-date=2025-07-13 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=United Nations General Assembly |language=en}}</ref> Bishii Febraayo 2016, [[Front Line Defenders]] waxay soo saartay warbixin ku beegnayd lix bilood guuradii ka soo wareegtay la waayitaankii Lochio Lomornana, iyadoo muujisay "walaac aad u weyn" oo ku saabsan xariggiisa, isla markaana sheegtay in arrintu la xiriirtay "hawshiisii nabadeed ee sharciga ahayd ee difaaca xuquuqda aadanaha".<ref name=":2" /> == Tixraacyo == 5r8l7fqbws9b0ch4u73qlt2f1wm0t17 Alfred Taban 0 48471 312190 300747 2026-11-10T22:05:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alfred Taban Logune''' (1957, [[Kajokeji]] – 27 Abriil 2019, [[Kampala]]) wuxuu ahaa saxafi warbaahineed oo u dhashay [[South Sudan]]. Wuxuu hore u ahaa weriyaha [[BBC]] ee magaalada [[Khartoum]]. Wuxuu ahaa aas-aasaha iyo tifaftirihii guud ee hore ee ''[[Juba Monitor]]'', oo ah wargeyska madaxbannaan ee ugu caansan [[South Sudan]], kaas oo markii hore loo yiqiin ''[[Khartoum Monitor]]'', wargeyskii ugu horreeyay ee madaxbannaan oo ku baxa afka Ingiriisiga ee [[Sudan]]. Taban wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa guddoomiyihii hore ee [[Association for Media Development in South Sudan|Ururka Horumarinta Warbaahinta ee Koonfurta Suudaan (AMDISS)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ned.org/events/demaward/demaward2006.html|title=The Democracy Award – 2006 Democracy Award|date=24 August 2006|website=National Endowment for Democracy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824062550/https://www.ned.org/events/demaward/demaward2006.html|archive-date=24 August 2006|url-status = dead|access-date=6 February 2018}}</ref> Waqtigii uu geeriyooday wuxuu ahaa xildhibaan ka tirsan Golaha Sharci-dejinta Qaranka ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Koonfurta Suudaan. Inkasta oo uu ku tababartay farsamada shaybaarka, Taban wuxuu doortay xirfadda saxaafadda. Bishii Abriil 2001 waxaa hay'adaha ammaanku xireen muddo shan maalmood ah isaga oo tebiyay shir jaraa'id oo ay qabteen hoggaamiyeyaasha kaniisadaha ee Khartuum, kuwaas oo ka mudaaharaaday joojinta adeeg kaniisadeed iyo xarigga ilaa boqol Masiixiyiin ah.<ref>[[UNHCR]], 3 May 2002, [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,RSF,,SDN,456d621e2,487c52655,0.html Reporters Without Borders Annual Report 2002 – Sudan], accessed 8 July 2009</ref> Bishii Luulyo 2005, [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Guddoomiyaha]] [[British House of Commons]] [[Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn|Michael Martin]] ayaa Alfred Taban guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta Speaker Abbot, isaga oo ku maamuusay shaqadiisii uu ku iftiimiyay xasuuqii ka dhacay [[Darfur conflict|Darfur]]. Abaalmarintan waxaa la siiyaa saxafiga caalamka ugu waxqabadka badan ee ka qayb qaatay "ilaalinta, horumarinta iyo joogtaynta dimuqraadiyadda baarlamaannada".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliamentarypressgallery.org.uk/page.php?domain_name=parliamentarypressgallery.org.uk&viewpage=Abbot%20Award |title=Abbot Award |access-date=8 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625175511/http://www.parliamentarypressgallery.org.uk/page.php?domain_name=parliamentarypressgallery.org.uk&viewpage=Abbot%20Award |archive-date=25 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadkii 2006, Taban wuxuu ka mid ahaa saddex qof oo la guddoonsiiyay Abaalmarinta [[National Endowment for Democracy]] oo uu bixiyay madaxweynihii Maraykanka [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="NED">[[National Endowment for Democracy]], [http://www.ned.org/events/demaward/demaward2006.html 2006 Democracy Award] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ned.org/events/demaward/demaward2006.html |date=20090609035332 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609035332/http://www.ned.org/events/demaward/demaward2006.html |date=9 June 2009 }}</ref> 30 Oktoobar 2006, Taban ayaa loo yeeray waxaana loo sheegay inuu mas'uul ka yahay maqaal lagu daabacay wargeyska 14 Sebteembar 2006, kaas oo ku eedeeyay wasiirka arrimaha dibadda, wasiiru-dowlaha arrimaha dibadda iyo agaasimaha warfaafinta iyo xiriirka dadweynaha, [[Lam Akol]], inay yihiin afhayeenno iyo fuliyayaal [[genocide|xasuuq]] isla markaana ay yihiin xagjiriin [[Islam]]i ah. Waxaa lagu dooday in maqaalku uu ahaa dhaleeceyn guud iyo aragtida gaarka ah ee qoraaga. Marka laga soo tago canaanta la daabacay, waxaa sidoo kale lagu soo rogay ganaax.<ref>''[[Sudan Tribune]]'', 31 October 2006, [http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article18421 Khartoum Monitor reprimanded after complaint by Foreign Ministry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article18421 |date=20061031060846 }}</ref> Bishii Luulyo 2016, Taban wuxuu qoray maqaal uu ugu baaqayay Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir]] iyo Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka [[Riek Machar]] inay xilka iska casilaan maadaama ay ku guuldareysteen inay hagaajiyaan xaaladda amniga ee Juba. Maalintii xigtay waa la xiray waxaana la hayay dhowr maalmood iyada oo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin.<ref>[https://cpj.org/2016/07/south-sudan-authorities-arrest-editor-order-juba-m.php South Sudan authorities arrest editor, order Juba Monitor to cease publishing], ''CPJ'', 18 July 2016.</ref> Taban wuxuu markii dambe noqday xildhibaan sharaf leh oo ka tirsan Golaha Sharci-dejinta Qaranka ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Koonfurta Suudaan, wuxuuna sidoo kale xubin ka ahaa guddiga hagidda ee Wadahadalka Qaranka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ssnationaldialogue.org/news-item/press-freedom-in-south-sudan/|title=National Dialogue Hosts Forum on Press Freedom in South Sudan|last=Wanga|first=Vincent|date=25 January 2018|work=South Sudan National Dialogue|access-date=29 January 2018|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129140749/https://www.ssnationaldialogue.org/news-item/press-freedom-in-south-sudan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu ku geeriyooday 27 Abriil 2019 magaalada [[Kampala]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200205192643/https://www.voanews.com/archive/south-sudan-mourns-veteran-journalist South Sudan Mourns Veteran Journalist], ''VOA'', 29 April 2019.</ref><ref>Franklin Draku, [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/South-Sudanese-veteran-journalist-dies-Uganda/688334-5092028-oar89mz/index.html South Sudanese veteran journalist dies in Uganda], ''Daily Monitor'', 29 April 2019.</ref> == Tixraacyo == 2fkcdy9y3fo0i3fc3a033xe7l2svi5c Ateny Wek Ateny 0 48472 312193 301203 2026-11-10T22:25:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ateny Wek Ateny''' waa saxafi, qareen, iyo mas'uul dowladeed oo u dhashay [[South Sudan]]. Wuxuu hore u soo noqday Xoghayaha Warfaafinta ee Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] intii u dhexeysay 2013 ilaa 2022. Hadda wuxuu yahay Wasiirka ICT-ga iyo Adeegyada Boostada ee Jamhuuriyadda Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MINISTER ATENY WEK ATENY OFFICIALLY ASSUMED OFFICE AS MINISTER OF ICT & POSTAL SERVICES, PROMISED TO PROTECT PRESIDENT|url=https://mictps.gov.ss/minister-ateny-wek-ateny-officially-assumed-office-as-minister-of-ict-postal-services-promised-to-protect-president/|access-date=2026-01-21|website=mictps.gov.ss}}</ref> == Shaqada == Ka hor inta uusan qaban xil dowladeed, wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay qareen ahaan, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa saxafi<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-08-08|title=South Sudan President Salva Kiir fires his Press Secretary Ateny Wek Ateny|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/south-sudan-salva-kiir-fires-his-press-secretary-ateny-wek-ateny-3907074|access-date=2023-02-14|website=The East African|language=en}}</ref> iyo qoraa joogto ah oo wax ku qori jiray wargeyska ''The Citizen Daily''. Ateny wuxuu ahaa Xoghayaha Warfaafinta ee Madaxweynaha Koonfurta Suudaan [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] laga soo bilaabo Noofambar 2013 ilaa laga eryay xilka sannadkii 2022.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=Ninrew|first=Chany|date=2022-08-06|title=Kiir sacks longtime Press Secretary Ateny Wek|url=https://www.eyeradio.org/kiir-sacks-longtime-press-secretary-ateny-wek/|access-date=2023-01-14|website=Eye Radio|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>''[https://sudantribune.com/article47940/ Kiir appoints newspaper commentator as press secretary] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', [[Sudan Tribune]], November 27, 2013</ref><ref name=":0" /> Wuxuu ahaa xoghayihii saddexaad ee warfaafinta ee Xafiiska Madaxweynaha, sidoo kalena wuxuu ahaa kii muddada ugu dheer xilka hayay.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Presidential spokesman Ateny Wek sacked|url=https://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/presidential-spokesman-ateny-wek-sacked|access-date=2023-01-14|website=Radio Tamazuj|language=en}}</ref> Ka hor magacaabistiisa, Ateny wuxuu caan ku ahaa dhaleeceynta uu si fagaare ah ugu jeedin jiray maamulka Madaxweyne Kiir.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-08|title=South Sudan President Salva Kiir fires his Press Secretary Ateny Wek Ateny|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/south-sudan-salva-kiir-fires-his-press-secretary-ateny-wek-ateny-3907074|access-date=2023-01-14|website=The East African|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=South Sudan President Salva Kiir fires his Press Secretary Ateny Wek Ateny|url=https://pachodo.org/latest-news-articles/news-from-various-sources/36470-south-sudan-president-salva-kiir-fires-his-press-secretary-ateny-wek-ateny|access-date=2023-01-14|website=Pachodo.org|language=en-gb}}</ref> Dad badan oo u ololeeya arrimaha bulshada iyo falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda ayaa magacaabistiisa ku tilmaamay isku day lagu aamusiinayo dadka dhaliila dowladda si aysan u dhaawicin sumcadda hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee Koonfurta Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshua|first=Elvince|date=2022-08-09|title=This man Ateny: Pressman who 'loved women', humour and controversy|url=https://cityreviewss.com/this-man-ateny-pressman-who-loved-women-humour-and-controversy/|access-date=2023-01-14|website=The City Review South Sudan|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Safarkiisii labaad ee caalami ah ee uu la galay madaxweynaha, Ateny wuxuu isku dhacay Madaxweyne Kiir kadib markii uu diiday inuu ka baxo kulan uu madaxweynuhu la lahaa [[President of Uganda|Madaxweynaha Uganda]].<ref name=":1">''[https://sudantribune.com/article59617/ Ateny flip-flopping, where is his loyalty to President Kiir?] {{Wayback|url=https://sudantribune.com/article59617/ |date=20211206055250 }}'', Chuor Deng Chuor, [[Sudan Tribune]]</ref> Xiriirka u dhexeeyay Ateny iyo Kiir ayaa xumaaday kadib safarkaas Uganda, waxaana uu bilaabay inuu si gooni ah u shaqeeyo, isagoo ay xiisad kala dhexeysay shaqaalaha kale ee Xafiiska Madaxweynaha, isla markaana uusan heli karin xiriir toos ah oo uu la yeesho saraakiisha sare ee dowladda.<ref name=":1" /> == Tixraacyo == bs696u6iq2mhsj4il7ud8grzsj8pl6b Webiga Bivane 0 48483 312275 302725 2026-11-11T08:39:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bivane | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Asalka magaca ma cadda, laga yaabee inay ka timid [[Zulu language|Luqadda Zulu]] ereyga ''imbavana'' ama ''impivane'', oo macnaheedu yahay 'waterbuck' (nooc ka mid ah deerada biyaha).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Kruger Bridge - panoramio (2).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Bivane <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Balelasberg]] | source1_location = Waqooyiga [[Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal|Utrecht]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2100|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Phongolo River|Webiga Phongolo]] | mouth_location = [[Kwazulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27|26|33|S|31|12|30|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|480|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bivane''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Webiga Pivaan'''), oo ah laan kaga timaada dhanka bangiga midig [[Pongola River|Webiga Pongola]], wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. ==Halka uu maro== Isha rasmiga ah ee uu webigu ka bilaawdo waxay ka sarreysaa 2,000 m heerka badda ee dhulka sare ee waqooyiga [[Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal|Utrecht]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA6UsuthuMhlatuze.jpg Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6]</ref> Wuxuu dhex maraa dhulal sare oo wareegsan oo ay ku yaallaan beeraha dhirta ee ganacsiga, wuxuuna marayaa buundada Kruger Bridge ee dhismihii 1898, ka hor int uusan gaarin Pivaansbad oo koonfur ka xigta [[Paulpietersburg]], halkaas oo ay ku yaallaan ilo biyo kulul iyo goobta dalxiiska ee Natal Spa. Dhanka hoose wuxuu galaa dhul furan laakiin buuro leh ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Bivane Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bivane]], halkaas oo ay ku yaallaan goobta dalxiiska ee Biyo-xireenka Bivane iyo aag deegaan dabiici ah oo baaxaddiisu tahay 2,000 ha. Biyo-xireenka ka dib webigu wuxuu galaa dhul aad u qalafsan, biyaha qaska ahna waa kuwo caan ku ah dadka dooomaha yaryar (canoes) wada, marka laga soo tago rafting-ka webiga. Aaggan wuxuu sidoo kale yahay barta laga bilaabo tartanka sannadlaha ah ee Ithala Challenge Canoe Marathon.<ref name="bivd">{{cite web |title=Bivane Dam |url=http://www.bivanedam.co.za/ |website=Bivane Dam |accessdate=25 June 2019 |archive-date=18 Bisha Todobaad 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718202123/http://www.bivanedam.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ku biiraa Pongola xadka galbeed ee [[Ithala Game Reserve|Hagaaga Ugaarta ee Ithala]], meel aan ka fogayn xadka [[Swaziland|Eswatini]]. ==Biyo-xireenno== [[Bivane Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bivane]] waxaa la dhameystiray sannadkii 2000 meesha uu uga biiro [[Manzana River|Webiga Manzana]], si loogu adeegsado nidaamka waraabka ee deegaanka. ==Sawiro== <gallery> Kruger Bridge - panoramio (1).jpg|{{center|Buundada Kruger Bridge ee 1898}} Kruger Bridge - panoramio (4).jpg|{{center|Qaybta sare ee buundada Kruger Bridge}} Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|{{center|Biyo-xireenka Bivane}} </gallery> ==Qoraallo== {{Reflist}} f4li1vn4fjagha192g56h9w63053clv Webiga Umkomazi 0 48552 312280 302747 2026-11-11T09:25:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga uMkhomazi | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Umkomazi, Mkhomazi, Umkomaas | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay 'meesha nibiriyada dheddig' ee [[Luqadda Zulu|luqadda Zulu]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = Umkomaas valley.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Dooxada Webiga uMkhomazi | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta afka Webiga uMkhomazi <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Agagaarka [[Thabana Ntlenyana]] | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]], [[Lesotho]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|3000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Umkomaas|eMkhomazi]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|30|12|1|S|30|48|4|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Umkomaas Town by Air.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Afka Webiga uMkhomazi]] '''Webiga uMkhomazi''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Goobaha Dalxiiska ee Koonfur Afrika|first=Malcolm |last=Meintjes|publisher=Struik|year= 2005|isbn=1868729761}}</ref> ==Koorsada== Wuxuu ka unkamaa qaar ka mid ah jiirarka ugu sarreeya ee dhanka bari u jeeda ee buuraha [[Drakensberg]], agagaarka [[Thabana Ntlenyana]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari dhinaca [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]], kaas oo uu kaga darsamo [[estuary|af-webi]] la mari karo oo ku yaal [[Umkomaas]] (eMkhomazi), qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Durban]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf |title=Gobolka Mkomazi |access-date=7 April 2012 |archive-date=2 Bisha Afraad 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160833/http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laamihiisa waaweyn waa [[Loteni River|Loteni]], [[Nzinga River|Nzinga]], [[Mkomazane River|Mkomazane]], [[Elands River (Umkomazi)|Elands]] iyo [[Xobho River|Xobho]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti to Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> Magaalooyinka ku yaal [[drainage basin|aagga biyaha]] ee uMkhomazi waxaa ka mid ah [[Bulwer, South Africa|Bulwer]], [[Impendle]], [[Ixopo]], [[Craigieburn, KwaZulu-Natal|Craigieburn]] iyo [[Boston, KwaZulu-Natal|Boston]]. Waqtigan xaadirka ah biyo-xireenka kaliya ee ku yaal aaggiisa waa [[Ixopo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ixopo]], laakiin biyo-xireenno kale ayaa la qorsheeyay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gobolka Mkomazi |url=http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160833/http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> uMkhomazi wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Ma jirtaa door loo hayo nidaamyada maamulka dhaqanka ee nidaamka cusub ee maamulka biyaha ee Koonfur Afrika?]</ref> ==Deegaanka== [[Mkhomazi State Forest|Kaynta Gobolka Mkhomazi]] iyo [[Mkhomazi Wilderness Area|Aagga Duurjoogta Mkhomazi]] waa [[protected area|aagag la ilaaliyo]] oo ku yaal qaybta sare ee Webiga Umkomazi.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/activities/other/mkhomazi-wilderness-area Aagga Duurjoogta Mkhomazi]</ref> Kalluunka [[scaly yellowfish]] ''(Labeobarbus natalensis)'' waa kalluun laga helo nidaamka Webiga uMkhomazi iyo sidoo kale [[Umgeni River|Umgeni]], [[Umzimkulu River|Umzimkulu]], [[Tugela River|Tukhela]] iyo [[Umfolozi River|Umfolozi]]. Waa nooc caadi ah oo [[Endemism|u dhashay]] Gobolka KwaZulu-Natal wuxuuna ku nool yahay deegaanno kala duwan oo u dhexeeya buuraha Drakensberg iyo dhulalka hoose ee xeebta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamo ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-04-07 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Hawlaha webiga== Tartanka sannadlaha ah ee labada maalmood ah ee doonyaha (kayak) ayaa lagu qabtaa webiga. "The Umko" waa tartankii labaad ee ugu da'da weyn webiga waana kan kaliya ee aan ku bilaaban ama ku dhammaan magaalo. Markii ugu horreysay ee la qabto 1966 tartanka wuxuu ahaa saddex maalmood. Masaafada guud waxay u dhaxaysay 145&nbsp;km ilaa dhererka hadda ee 68&nbsp;km. Waxaa loo yaqaanaa tartanka biyaha ugu qallafsan ee lagu dhex maro doonyaha xawaaraha sare ee ka dhigaya in la gorgortamo qeybaha 1 - 4 ee durdurrada ay adag tahay, waxay sidoo kale lahayd qaybaha maalinlaha ah ee ugu dheer markii masaafadu ahayd 130&nbsp;km laba maalmood gudahood. Tartanka waxaa lagu qabtaa dooxo fog oo qallafsan taas oo ka dhigaysa helitaanka mid adag iyo socodka dibadda caqabad haddii qof uu jebiyo doon aan la hagaajin karin. Sheekooyinka dadka doonyaha wata ee habeen ku qaata dooxada ka hor intaanay awoodin inay dibadda u lugeeyaan maalintii xigtay ayaa si joogto ah u galay saxaafadda qaranka iyo raadiyaha qaranka. Tartankan biyaha duurjoogta ah ee heer sare ah waxaa soo qabanqaabiya Kingfisher Canoe Club ee Durban wuxuuna soo jiitaa qiyaastii 180 ilaa 300 oo qof sannadkiiba. 2016 wuxuu ahaa sannadkii 50-aad ee dhacdadan waxaana si cajiib ah u ka qaybqaatay markii 50-aad oo xiriir ah guulaystaha tartankii ugu horreeyay, Charles Mason. Mason wuxuu dhammaystiray 49 maaratoon, wuxuuna ku guuldarraystay oo kaliya dhacdadii 1970-kii markii uu jabay 19&nbsp;km gudaha 145&nbsp;km ee tartanka. Tartanku wuxuu lahaa laba goobood oo lagu bilaabo: Josephine's Bridge oo ku taal waddada Richmond-Ixopo, iyo buundada Hella Hella oo ku taal waddada Richmond-Donnybrook. Webiga u dhexeeya Hella Hella iyo Number Eight oo 20&nbsp;km dhanka hoose ah wuxuu leeyahay jiirarka ugu sarreeya (hoos u dhac dhan 7,6m halkii kiiloomitir) wuxuuna ka kooban yahay taxane taxane ah oo ugu adag ee durdurrada. Qaybtan ayaa lagu daray inta badan, laakiin aan dhammaan, tartamada. Tartanku wuxuu lahaa meelo badan oo lagu dhammaystiro sannadihii la soo dhaafay iyadoo ku xiran inta badan cimilada, saadka iyo helitaanka dhulka. Tartanka ayaa socday 50 xagaa oo xiriir ah. Xagaagii 1971/1972 tartanka waxaa loo raray Maarso 1972 taas oo keentay in aanu jirin tartan sanadkii 1971, laakiin ma jiro xagaa la seegay. Horyaalka hadda ee Umko Hank McGregor waa sidoo kale horyaalka adduunka ee Canoe Marathon, isagoo ku guulaystay horyaalnimada adduunka ee 2016 ee Brandenburg, Germany. ==Taariikh== [[file:Umkomaas, crop.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Hirarka u dhow afka Webiga uMkhomazi ee [[Umkomaas|eMkhomazi]], oo loo arko inay tahay xeeb dabaasha oo ammaan ah]] Safaradii ugu horreeyay ee la diiwaangeliyay ee webiga waxay ahayd 1951 markii Ian Player iyo Fred Schmidt ay u dhoofeen buundada Josephine ilaa badda tuulada Umkomaas halkaas oo webigu kaga darsamo Badweynta Hindiya. Player wakhtigaas wuxuu caan ku ahaa inuu ku guulaystay markii ugu horreysay ee Dusi Canoe marathon horaantii sannadkaas wuxuuna markii dambe caan ku noqday ilaalinta duurjoogta, gaar ahaan badbaadinta wiyisha cad ee dabar-goynta. Waxay ku qaadatay toddobo maalmood inay dhammaystiraan masaafada 113&nbsp;km waxaana taageeray dadka deegaanka ee dooxada markii ay ka dhammaadeen saadka. Safarro kale oo kala duwan ayaa la sameeyay kuwaas oo ku dhammaaday safarro 1965 iyo 1966 oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay suurtagalnimada in la qabto tartan, taas oo u baahnayd in la baaro webiga iyo waddooyinka ku teedsan bangiyada laba xero oo habeenkii ah oo la heli karo. Charles Mason wuxuu door muhiim ah ka qaatay hawshaas, isagoo ku guulaystay baaritaanka webiga iyo waddooyinka gelitaanka iyo inuu ku qanciyo dadka awoodda leh inay ansixiyaan tartanka cusub ee jadwalka canoeing ee Koonfur Afrika. Wuxuu ku guulaystay tartankii ugu horreeyay Tank Rogers, isagoo si dhow u garaacay Paul Chalupsky iyo Jimmy Potgieter.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mooney|first=James|chapter=Muddada Gumeysiga iyo Kacaanka—1654–1784|date=2017-07-05|chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790038-3|title=Muuqaal Taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan Cherokee|pages=19–50|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780203790038-3|isbn=978-0-203-79003-8|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Chalupsky wuxuu sii waday inuu ku guulaysto tartanka todobo jeer ilaa 1977. Guulaystayaal kale oo badan waxaa ka mid ah Tony Scott (lix jeer ilaa 1984); Robbie Herreveld (sagaal jeer ilaa 2000); Deon Bruss (lix jeer ilaa 2008); Hank McGregor (todobo jeer ilaa 2016). Joogitaanka habeenkii ee xero ku meel gaar ah oo ku taal dooxada fog waxay ahayd qayb qasab ah oo ka mid ah tartanka sannado badan laakiin sannadihii dambe tani way isbeddeshay iyada oo joogsiga habeenkii uu hadda si fudud loo heli karo buundada Hella Hella (hadda bilowga maalinta labaad ee qaab-dhismeedka amar-celinta tan iyo 2009 taas oo si weyn u fududaysay saadka adag ee tartanka iyo rajo ahaan loo hubiyo badbaadadiisa). == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ===Buugaag=== *Men, Rivers and Canoes - Ian Player - Simondium Publishers, 1964 (daabacaad dib loo eegay - Echoing Green Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-9802501-2-1}}) *Book - Umko 50 years - Si gaar ah u daabacay Kingfisher Canoe Club, 2016 *eBook - Joomag - http://www.joomag.com/magazine/50-years-of-umko-1966-2016-1966-2016/0008571001461844472 Si joogto ah loogu soo bandhigay wargeysyada waaweyn ee Natal, The Mercury iyo The Daily News (www.iol.co.za), Durban iyo The Witness (http://thewitness.newspaperdirect.com/epaper/viewer.aspx), Pietermaritzburg http://www.kingfishercc.co.za/ https://web.archive.org/web/20260703144224/https://www.canoesa.org.za/ == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} *[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/kzn_mkhomazi.htm Kaynta Gobolka Mkhomazi, KwaZulu Natal] *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/downloads/WS/P_I/Adhoc/IDP/Ref%20Framework/ec/O.R.Tambo%20DC15/Water%20Resource%20Perspective/OR_ThamboFullDoc.pdf Qaab-dhismeedka Tixraaca Qorshaynta Adeegyada Biyaha - Aragtida Khayraadka Biyaha] {{Authority control}} hphhkttskb79710d6lxt9mmskpc3wpo Webiga Umzimkulu 0 48553 312281 302748 2026-11-11T09:26:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mzimkhulu | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Umzimkhulu, uMzimkhulu, Mzimkhulu | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay 'meel weyn', 'guri weyn', yacni biyaha, oo ku qoran [[Luqadda Xhosa|luqadda Xhosa]] iyo [[Luqadda Zulu|luqadda Zulu]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Umzimkulu - NatureRiverScene.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Goobta webiga Umzimkulu | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Umzimkulu <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = [[Ngwangwane River|Ngwangwane]] / [[Underberg River|Underberg]] | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|30|03|24|S|29|47|26|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|943|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Port Shepstone]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|30|44|12|S|30|27|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mzimkhulu''' waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Goobaha Dalxiiska ee Koonfur Afrika|first=Malcolm |last=Meintjes|publisher=Struik|year= 2005|isbn=1-86872-976-1}}</ref> Waqtigii hore, Mzimkhulu wuxuu qayb ka ahaa xadka u dhexeeya gobollada [[Eastern Cape]] iyo [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Ma jirtaa door loo hayo nidaamyada maamulka dhaqanka ee nidaamka cusub ee maamulka biyaha ee Koonfur Afrika?]</ref> Dhamaadkii Febraayo ee sannad kasta, webiga waxaa ka dhaca mid ka mid ah tartammada doonyaha ee ugu caansan Koonfur Afrika, Drak Challenge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drak Challenge |url=http://www.drak.co.za |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2026-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260703145852/https://drak.co.za/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Koorsada== {{stack|[[File:Mzimkulu River near Underberg.jpg|thumb|Webiga Mzimkulu oo u dhow Underberg]]}} Wuxuu ka unkamaa buuraha [[Drakensberg]] oo dhanka waqooyi ka xiga Rhino Peak, iyadoo isha ay ku taal xadka [[Lesotho]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari dhinaca Badweynta Hindiya, kaas oo uu kaga darsamo [[estuary|af-webi]] ku yaal [[Port Shepstone]]. Laantiisa ugu weyn waa [[Bisi River|Webiga Bisi]] kaas oo ku biira bangigiisa midig qiyaastii badhka koorsadiisa.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti to Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> Magaalooyinka ku yaal [[Umzimkhulu|Umzimkhulu]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal|Underberg]] iyo [[Umzimkhulu]]. ==Deegaanka== Kalluunka [[scaly yellowfish]] ''(Labeobarbus natalensis)'' waa kalluun laga helo nidaamka Webiga Umzimkulu iyo sidoo kale [[Umgeni River|Umgeni]], [[Umkomazi River|Umkomazi]], [[Tugela River|Thukela]] iyo [[Umfolozi River|Umfolozi]]. Waa nooc caadi ah oo [[Endemism|u dhashay]] Gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal]] wuxuuna ku nool yahay deegaanno kala duwan oo u dhexeeya buuraha [[Drakensberg]] iyo dhulalka hoose ee xeebta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamo ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/downloads/WS/P_I/Adhoc/IDP/Ref%20Framework/ec/O.R.Tambo%20DC15/Water%20Resource%20Perspective/OR_ThamboFullDoc.pdf Qaab-dhismeedka Tixraaca Qorshaynta Adeegyada Biyaha – Aragtida Khayraadka Biyaha] 6hs2r5h5e58shsu4hg9deukznw2qrd2 Webiga Olifants (Limpopo) 0 48577 312278 309714 2026-11-11T09:10:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Olifants | native_name = {{native name list | tag1=nso|name1=Lepelle | tag2=zu|name2=Obalule | tag3=Nr|name3=iBhalule }} | name_other = ''Olifantsrivier, Rio dos Elefantes'' | name_etymology = ''Olifant'' macnaheedu waa "[[maroodi]]" luuqadda [[Afrikaans]], ''Obalule'', macnaheedu waa "mid dheer oo fidsan" iyo ''Lepelle'' macnaheedu waa "mid si tartiib ah u qulqula" ama "fog"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = KNP-Olifants_River-001.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Olifants oo qulqulaya [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta isdhexgalka Olifants-[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]] <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobollada | subdivision_name3 = [[Mpumalanga Province|Mpumalanga]], [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] iyo [[Gaza Province|Gaza]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = U dhow [[Bethal]] | source1_location = Mpumalanga, [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|26|20|33|S|29|49|47|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = Gobolka Gaza, [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|6|44|S|32|38|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|54570|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]] | tributaries_right = [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada - Nidaamka Webiga Olifants|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|access-date=2009-02-19|archive-date=2007-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} [[File:Limpopo watershed topo.png|thumb|300px|Koorsada iyo biyo-qabashada [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Olifants wuxuu ku biiraa Limpopo dhanka midig, qiyaastii 190 kiiloomitir u jirta Badweynta Hindiya.]] '''Webiga Olifants,''' '''Lepelle''',<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Webiga Olifants oo hadda loo yaqaan Lepelle]</ref> '''iBhalule ama Obalule'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{langx|af|Olifantsrivier}}; {{langx|pt|Rio dos Elefantes}}) waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Wuxuu ku dhacaa Aagga Dheecaanka B ee [[Drainage basins of South Africa|Barkadaha Dheecaanka ee Koonfur Afrika]]. Aagga taariikhiga ah ee [[Pedi people|dadka Pedi]], [[Sekhukhuneland]], wuxuu ku yaallaa inta u dhexeysa Webiga Olifants iyo mid ka mid ah laamihiisa ugu waaweyn, [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm |title=Ba Pedi |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Olifants wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa inta u dhexeysa [[Breyten]] iyo [[Bethal]], [[Mpumalanga Province|Gobolka Mpumalanga]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyiga dhanka [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] ka dibna [[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] waxaana lagu qasbaa bari by Transvaal [[Drakensberg]], oo ka gooya Abel Erasmus Pass ka dibna u qulqula bari si ka sii fog Lowveld si uu ugu biiro [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]. Wuxuu u gudbaa [[Gaza Province|Gobolka Gaza]], [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], ka dib markii uu ka soo gooyo [[Lebombo Mountains|Buuraha Lebombo]] iyada oo loo marayo Olifants Gorge, isagoo noqonaya ''Rio dos Elefantes'', oo ugu dambeyntii ku biiraya [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] 40&nbsp;km ka dib ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Xai-Xai]] waqooyiga [[Maputo]].<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika]</ref> == Tayada biyaha == [[Overgrazing|Daaq-xumada]] ee qaybaha koorsadiisa dhexe waxay keentaa in webigu qaado ciidda nabaad-guurtay ka dib roobab culus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nidaamka Webiga Olifants |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2007-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Webiga Olifants wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhaysan Koonfur Afrika, ma ahan qashinka aadanaha ama warshadaha, laakiin waa [[green algae| algae cagaaran]] oo soo kordhaya.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201008161197.html Webiga Olifants oo wasakhaysan oo waqtigu ka dhamaanayo]</ref> Daraasad la sameeyay sannadkii 2013 oo ku taal Beerta Kruger ayaa lagu ogaaday in webigu uu ahaa mesotrophic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in heerarka nafaqadu ay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya, in kasta oo koror yar oo [[nitrate|nitrate-ka]] ah uu bilaabi karo [[eutrophication|eutrophication]]. Heerarka aadka u sarreeya ee [[sulphate|sulphate-ka]] waxaa loo aaneeyay macdanta dhuxusha iyo warshadaha ee biyo-qabashada sare.<ref name="smi1">{{cite book |last1=Smit |first1=NJ |last2=Wepener |first2=V |last3=Vlok |first3=W |last4=Wagenaar |first4=GM |last5=van Vuren |first5=JHJ |title=Ilaalinta kalluunka tigerfish, ''Hydrocynus vittatus'', ee Beerta Qaranka Kruger iyadoo xoogga la saarayo dejinta ku-habboonaanta tirada biyaha iyo shuruudaha tayada ee webiyada Olifants iyo Luvuvhu: warbixin loo gudbiyay Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |date=2013 |publisher=Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |location=Gezina [Koonfur Afrika] |isbn=978-1-4312-0358-1 |page=vi |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1922-1-121.pdf |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228222909/http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1922-1-121.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Laamaha == Laamaha ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Olifants waa [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]</ref> iyo [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] oo loo yaqaan Webiga Tubatse.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Laamaha kale waa [[Tongwane River|Tongwane]], [[Blyde River|Blyde]], [[Moses River|Moses]], [[Spekboom River|Spekboom]], [[Timbavati River|Timbavati]], [[Nkumpi River|Nkumpi]], [[Ga-Selati River|Ga-Selati]], [[Klaserie River|Klaserie]], [[Makhutswi River|Makhutswi]], [[Mohlapitse River]], [[Lepellane River]], [[Mohwetse River]] iyo Webiga Ngwaritsi. Qaar ka mid ah laamaha, gaar ahaan [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] (oo ka soo jeeda meel u dhow [[Hendrina]], wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Olifants ee hoose ee [[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]]), [[Elands River (Olifants)|Elands]], [[Wilge River (Olifants)|Wilge]] iyo [[Bronkhorstspruit River|Bronkhorstspruit]], waxay ka kacaan daaqsinada [[Highveld]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg WMA 4 ee webiga Olifants]</ref> [[Shingwedzi River|Webiga Shingwedzi]] wuxuu u qulqulaa meel u dhow dhanka waqooyi-bari ee kaydka [[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]] wuxuuna ku biiraa bangiga bidix ee Olifants qiyaastii 12&nbsp;km hoos uga dhaca darbiga biyo-xireenka.<ref>[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Webiga Shingwedzi: maxay u tahay webiga ugu wasakhaysan KNP?]</ref> == Biyo-xireennada == Soddon biyo-xireen oo waaweyn oo ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Olifants waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: === Koonfur Afrika === *[[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] *[[Rhenosterkop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rhenosterkop]], oo ku yaal [[Elands River (Olifants)|Webiga Elands]] *[[Rust de Winter Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rust de Winter]] *[[Blyderivierpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Blyderivierpoort]] *[[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] *[[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]], oo ku yaal [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] *[[Ohrigstad Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ohrigstad]] *[[De Hoop Dam (Limpopo)|Biyo-xireenka De Hoop]] *[[Flag Boshielo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Flag Boshielo]] *[[Phalaborwa Barrage|Phalaborwa Barrage]] === Mozambique === *[[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |title=Biyo-xireenka Massingir & Daadadka Olifants Gorge |access-date=2012-03-16 |archive-date=2017-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727020147/http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Olifants River (Mpumalanga)}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20260624173806/http://www.e-gli.com/south-african-geographical-names/ Magacyada Juqraafiga ee Koonfur Afrika] {{Authority control}} 18rpqhwc5e9kwoc6gw36580toc7ou09 Ajonye Perpetua 0 48592 312189 300935 2026-11-10T22:02:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ajonye Perpetua Paya''' waa qareen dastuuri ah, garsoore iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha [[Koonfur Suudaan|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Ilaa 2013 waxay ahayd garsoore heer sare ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxay ka caawisay qorista dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee 2005 ee [[Suudaan]] . Waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee [[Central Equatoria|Gobolka Dhexe ee Equatoria]] sanadkii 2011, ka dibna waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], kaasoo shaqada ka eryay bishii Maajo 2013. Tan iyo markaas waxay ka soo qabatay jagooyin hoggaamineed Ururka Sharciga ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxayna inta badan ka hadashay arrimaha xuquuqda madaniga ah oo ay ku jiraan xuquuqda haweenka iyo rabshadaha ku salaysan jinsiga. Sannadkii 2023 waxay madax ka ahayd Xoghaynta Guddiga Dib-u-habeynta Garsoorka (JRC) ee Koonfurta Suudaan. == Jagooyinka rasmiga ah == Garsoore Ajonye waa qareen dastuuri ah. <ref name="eyeradio20230924">https://www.eyeradio.org/women-still-face-legal-barriers-to-property-inheritance-justice-ajonye/</ref> Waxaa loo magacaabay garsoore heerka koowaad ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka [[Suudaan]] .  [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Heshiiska Nabadda ee Dhammaystiran]] waxaa la saxiixay 9-kii Janaayo 2005 dhammaadkii [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Suudaan]] . <ref name="nd">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://sudantribune.com/article45653/ |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2024-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228071322/https://sudantribune.com/article45653/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ajonye wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Guddiga Dib-u-eegista Dastuurka Qaranka sannadkii 2005 ka dibna wuxuu ka tirsanaa Guddiga Qorista ee diyaariyey [[Constitution of Sudan|Dastuurka ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Suudaan]] . Tan waxaa la ansixiyay 6-dii Luulyo 2005. <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Recent Constitutional Developments|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Sudan.pdf|date=2015|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == no6ymamd6gsq5tzl5s6jer0uzqf7y45 Webiga Sakeji 0 48744 312279 301283 2026-11-11T09:14:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sakeji | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11.11684|S|24.32978|E|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Zambia]] | location = | length = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1400|m|ft}} | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Sakeji''' waa [[tributary|qulqul]] ka mid ah [[Zambezi]]. Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa koonfurta [[Kalene Hill]] ee [[Ikelenge District]], Zambia. Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi si uu ugu biiro qaybaha sare ee Zambezi dhanka bidix. {{location map|Zambia|caption= Goobta Zambia| relief= yes| lat_deg= -11.11684| lon_deg= 24.32978}} [[Sakeji School]], oo ah iskuul hoose oo jiif ah oo ku yaal [[Ikelenge District]] ayaa ka dulaysa Webiga Sakeji, kaas oo bixiya koronto biyood waxaana u isticmaala madadaalada carruurta.{{sfn|Assembly Care Ministries}} Taayirrada biyaha ee Sakeji waxay koronto siiyaan jeneraatoor lacag ka qaada unugyada baytariyada ee iskuulka, taas oo bixisa koronto loogu talagalay nalalka. Jeneraatoorrada naaftada ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu bixiyo koronto dheeraad ah sida loo baahdo.{{sfn|Elyea|2003}} == Tixraac == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal |url=http://simroots.sim.org/documents/SR20-2_2003fl_no.pdf |journal=Simroots |date=Dayrta 2003 |volume=20 |number=2 |title=Sakeji School |first=Dan |last=Elyea |access-date=2011-12-16 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083207/http://simroots.sim.org/documents/SR20-2_2003fl_no.pdf |url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |ref = {{harvid|Assembly Care Ministries}} |url = http://assemblycare.org/ministrydirectory.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=74&sobi2Id=80 |title = Sakeji School (Zambia) |publisher = Assembly Care Ministries |access-date = 2011-12-16 }} {{refend}} peqzo8nxbbep2ewmyiswxkihyxn8zrv Webiga Okavango 0 48822 312277 312046 2026-11-11T09:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Okavango | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Namibia Okavango 2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Okavango oo ku yaal Kavango, Namibia | map = Okavango River Basin map.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda dooxada wabiga Okavango | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 4 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Namibia]]|[[Botswana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1700|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = {{convert|350|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|475|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|1000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Cachiungo]], Angola | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-12.706|16.081|format=dms|type:river_region:AO|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Okavango Delta]] | mouth_location = [[Moremi Game Reserve]], Botswana | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-18.988|22.576|format=dms|region:BW|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|978|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|530000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Kavango River view.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wabiga Kavango ee Hakusembe river lodge]] '''Wabiga Okavango''' (oo hore loogu qori jiray ''Okovango'' ama ''Okovanggo'') waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed Afrika. Waxaa looga yaqaan magacan gudaha [[Botswana]], sida '''Cubango''' gudaha [[Angola]], iyo '''Kavango''' gudaha [[Namibia]].<ref name=mendelsohn/> Waa nidaamka afaraad ee ugu dheer wabiyada [[koonfurta Afrika]], isagoo u qulqula koonfur-bari masaafo dhan {{convert|1,600|km|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Waxay ka bilaabataa meel sare oo ah {{convert|1300|m|ft}} oo ku taal buuraleyda bacaadka ah ee Angola. Koonfurta fog, waxay qayb ka tahay xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Namibia, ka dibna waxay u qulqushaa Botswana. Okavango ma laha meel uu ka baxo oo bad ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ku dhex shubataa [[Okavango Delta]] ama Okavango [[Alluvial fan|Alluvial Fan]], oo ku yaal [[dooxada endorheic]] ee [[Saxaraha Kalahari]]. '''Wabiga Cuito''' waa wabi-gacmeed weyn. == Magaca == Magaca ''Okavango'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ''Kavango,'' kaas oo loola jeedo [[dadka Kavango]] ee waqooyiga Namibia. Higgaadda Ingiriisiga ee hore waxaa ka mid ahaa ''Okovango'', halka qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahannada Namibiya ay door bidaan ''Kavango'' marka ay tixraacayaan wabiga iyo gobolka Namibiya. Taariikhyahan Andreas Eckl wuxuu xusay in warbixinnadii [[Gumaystihii Jarmalka ee Koonfur Galbeed Afrika|gumaystaha Jarmalka]] ay adeegsadeen ''Okavango'', laakiin in ''O-'' bilowga ah aysan ku badneyn luuqadaha maxalliga ah ee Kavango, taas beddelkeedana waxaa loo nisbeeyay saamaynta [[Luuqadda Herero]].<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from ‘beyond the line’: The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026 |archive-date=4 Bisha Lixaad 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260604031335/https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Qulqulka == {{Main|Dooxada Kalahari}} Wabiyada Cubango iyo Cuito waa wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Okavango Delta]], waxayna saameeyaan caafimaadkeeda.<ref name=mendelsohn>{{cite web | last=Mendelsohn | first=John | title=A River in Trouble | website=Conservation Namibia | date=9 September 2021 | url=https://conservationnamibia.com/articles/cn2021-river-in-trouble.php | access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Goyder | first1=David J. | last2=Barker | first2=Nigel | last3=Bester | first3=Stoffel P. | last4=Frisby | first4=Arnold | last5=Janks | first5=Matt | last6=Gonçalves | first6=Francisco M.P.|display-authors=2 | title=The Cuito catchment of the Okavango system: a vascular plant checklist for the Angolan headwaters | url=https://archive.org/details/cuitocatchmento113goyd | journal=PhytoKeys | publisher=Pensoft Publishers | issue=113 | date=27 November 2018 | issn=1314-2003 | doi=10.3897/phytokeys.113.30439 | doi-access=free | pages=1–31| pmid=30524187 | pmc=6279898 | bibcode=2018PhytK.113....1G | hdl=2263/71882 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Gudaha Angola, [[gubasho la xakameeyey]] oo xilliyeed ah oo dhirta ah ayaa xirta qeybaha sare ee Cuito waxayna yareeyaan qulqulka biyaha ee hoose maadaama biyaha urursan ay halkii ka qulqulaan [[dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa|biyo-mareenka bacaadka ah]]<!-- [[Percolation]] -->.<ref name=into>{{cite web |last1=Society |first1=National Geographic |author-link=National Geographic |title=Okavango Wilderness Project |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |website=www.nationalgeographic.org |publisher=[[Into the Okavango]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114019/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, National Geographic waxay bilowday Mashruuca Okavango Wilderness (NGOWP) si ay si ballaaran u sahamiyaan Okavango/Cubango Basin. Sannadkii 2023, NGOWP waxay daabaceen natiijooyinkooda oo ay ku jirtay helitaanka isha asalka ah. Isha waxaa laga helay dhul-beereed cufan oo ku yaal Buuraleyda Angola, oo si habboon loogu magacaabay "Angola Highlands Water Tower" (AHWT) ama Lisima Iya Mwono - oo macnaheedu yahay "Isha Nolosha" - ee luuqadda Luchaze. In ka badan 12 cagood oo qoto dheer meelaha qaar, AHWT waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay haysato 423km<sup>3</sup> (ama in ka badan 100 tiriliyan oo galloon) oo biyo ah, taasoo siisa in ka badan 95% biyaha Okavanga Basin. Sannadkii 2026, AHWT waxaa loo asteeyay "Wetland of International Importance" ee ugu horreeya Angola ee uu cayimay Axdiga Ramsar ee ku saabsan dhul-qoyan iyo dawladda Angola. Kahor inta aysan galin Botswana, wabigu wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{cvt|4|m}} taxane ah oo hirar degdeg ah oo loo yaqaan [[Popa Falls]], oo muuqda marka wabigu hooseeyo, sida inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.<ref name=":2">Siyabona Africa Travel (Pty) Ltd, "Popa Falls | Okavango River | Botswana" webpage: [http://www.travel.za.net/africa_popa_falls.html TravelZA-PopaFalls]</ref> Xilliga roobka, qulqulka loo qoondeeyey [[Wabiga Boteti]] ayaa markeeda xilli ahaan u qulqula [[Makgadikgadi Pan]]s, kaas oo leh aag ballaaran oo [[dhul-qoyan]] ah xilliga roobka halkaas oo tobanaan kun oo [[flamingo]]s ay ku kulmaan xagaa kasta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Andy Burnham, Pete Evans (Layout), The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |title=Makgadikgadi |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=The Megalithic Portal |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa buuxiya [[Harada Ngami]]. == Fatahaadda == [[File:Popafälle (2018).jpg|thumb|Popa Falls (2018)]] Xilli roobaad kasta, Angola waxay heshaa saddex jeer in ka badan roobabka Botswana, taasoo soo saarta qulqul ka sarreeya sidii caadiga ahayd oo gala Okavango, iyadoo u beddelaysa aagagga saxaraha ee dibadda ah dhul-qoyan weyn. In kasta oo roobabka xagaaga ay ka da'aan Angola bisha Janaayo, waxay qaataan hal bil oo dhan si ay ugu safraan 1,000&nbsp;km ee ugu horreeya Wabiga Okavango, ka dibna waxay qaataan afar bilood oo kale si ay ugu [[miirid|sifeeyaan]] dhirta iyo kanaalo badan oo ka mid ah 250&nbsp;km ee ugu dambeeya ee delta-ga. Natiijo ahaan, fatahaaddu waa tan ugu weyn inta u dhaxaysa Juun iyo Agoosto, inta lagu jiro bilaha jiilaalka ee abaarta ee Botswana. Delta-gu markaas wuxuu bararaa ilaa saddex jeer oo ka mid ah cabbirkiisa joogtada ah, isagoo soo jiidanaya xayawaanno ka yimid kilomitir hareeraha iyo abuurista mid ka mid ah uruurinta ugu weyn ee Afrika ee [[duurjoogta]]. Meeshiisa ugu ballaaran sannad fatahaad weyn, [[qoyan-xilliyeedka]] wuxuu gaaraa 150&nbsp;km oo ka kala imanaya bari ilaa galbeed; mid ka mid ah arrimaha horseeda dabeecadda mar walba isbeddela ee delta waa fidsanaanta aagga. Haddii qof uu qaato qayb iskutallaab ah oo ka mid ah delta meeshiisa ugu ballaaran, qofku wuxuu ogaan lahaa in isbeddelka dhererka ee ka yimaada celceliska in ka badan 150&nbsp;km uu ka yar yahay 2 m, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dhigaal bacaad yar uu keeni karo isbeddello waaweyn.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Okavango Delta – Part 2 {{!}} |url=http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621102937/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-21 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=blog.africabespoke.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadaha aadka u roobka badan, qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa laga yaabaa inay u fidaan Wabiga Magweggana (dhab ahaantii waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] waqooyi-bari ee Okavango Delta) oo gala [[Wabiga Zambezi]], iyagoo dhaafaya [[Saxaraha Kalahari|Kalahari]]. == Gaadiidka fariisinta == Wabigu wuxuu sannadkii qaadaa 28,000 oo tan oo [[fariisin la hakiyay]] iyo qaddar la mid ah culeyska sariirta ilaa qoyan-xilliyeedka terminalka.<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=iyo asxaabtiisa |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> Inta badan fariisinka qaybaha ah ee uu qaado wabigu waa bacaad wanaagsan, oo leh xoogaa dhoobo ah iyo dhiiqo, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhismaha juqraafiyeed ee dooxada Wabiga Okavango kaas oo inta badan uu hoos maro bacaadka Kalahari. Waxaa jira uruurin hoose oo ah adkaha milmay ee biyaha wabiga - qiyaastii 40&nbsp;mg/L, oo inta badan ka kooban silica, calcium iyo magnesium bicarbonates - laakiin adkahan milmay waxay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee fariisinka loo qaado delta sababtoo ah qaddarka biyaha sannadlaha ah waa mid aad u weyn.<ref name="SafGeo">{{cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=T S |title= The okavango delta and its place in the geomorphological evolution of Southern Africa |journal=South African Journal of Geology |date=October 2013 |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=1–54 |doi=10.2113/gssajg.116.1.1|bibcode=2013SAJG..116....1M }}</ref> == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray xilliyadii qaboobaha ee taariikhda Dhulka, qeyb ka mid ah Kalahari waxay ahayd haro weyn, oo loo yaqaan [[Harada Makgadikgadi]]. Waqtigan, Okavango waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah wabi-gacmeedyadiisa ugu waaweyn. [[File:Cuito and Okavango (2018).jpg|thumb|Isku biirka Cuito (laga soo bilaabo sare) iyo Okavango (qulqulaya bidix ilaa midig) (2018)<br />{{Coord|18|01|40|S| 020|47|31|E|display=inline|dim:10000}}]] == Khilaafka biyaha == Labada Namibia iyo Botswana waxay la kulmaan abaaro, natiijo ahaan, walaac ayaa laga muujiyay khilaaf suurtagal ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha wabiga. Namibia waxay dhistay kanaalka biyaha, oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 300&nbsp;km, waxayna soo jeedisay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dhuun 250&nbsp;km ah si looga leexiyo biyaha wabiga loo geeyo Namibia si ay u caawiso yareynta abaarta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWrEcl2ydzEC&pg=PA294|title=Resource Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Basedau|first=Matthias|date=2005-01-01|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|isbn=978-3-928049-91-7|pages=294|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3ilzosWx4wC&pg=PA96|title=Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes|last1=Varis|first1=Olli|last2=Tortajada|first2=Cecilia|last3=Biswas|first3=Asit K.|date=2008-03-15|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-74928-8|pages=96|language=en}}</ref> Botswana, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isticmaashaa Okavango Delta labadaba dakhliga dalxiiska iyo ilaha biyaha. Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha ee Botswana waxay soo gudbisay in 97% biyaha wabiga ay ku lumaan uumiga, sidaas darteed dalku ma awoodo inuu lumiyo wax biyo ah oo dheeraad ah. Namibia, dhankeeda, waxay ku doodday inay leexin doonto oo kaliya nus ka mid ah boqolkiiba qulqulka wabiga, iyo inay xaq u leedahay wixii biyo ah ee ku qulqula dhulkeeda. Si wax looga qabto arrimahaas oo kale, bishii Sebtembar 1994, Angola, Namibia, iyo Botswana waxay saxiixdeen heshiis dhinacyo badan leh si ay u sameeyaan Komishanka Biyaha ee Dooxada Wabiga Okavango ee Joogtada ah, si ay talooyin u siiyaan saddexda waddan oo ku saabsan hababka ugu wanaagsan ee loo wadaagi karo kheyraadka Wabiga Okavango.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[ReconAfrica]], oo ah shirkad sahaminta batroolka oo xarunteedu tahay [[Canada]], waxay heshay shatiyo sahamin oo loogu talagalay in ka badan 13,600 mayl laba jibaaran oo dhul ah oo ku yaal [[Gobolkii Kavango]] ee hore ee Namibia iyo gudaha [[Botswana]]. Bishii Janaayo 2021 ReconAfrica waxay ku dhawaaqday bilowga hawlaha qodista ee ceelka sahaminta ugu horreeya. Dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka ayaa muujiyay walaac ah in qorshayaasha ReconAfrica ee ceelashooda tijaabada ah aan si habboon loogu baarin habka dib u eegista deegaanka ee Namibia, si kastaba ha ahaatee ReconAfrica iyo labada dawladood ee Namibia iyo Botswana waxay sheegeen in hawlaha shirkadu ay raaceen habkii saxda ahaa iyo in aysan jiri doonin wax jajabin ah (fracking).<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=ReconAfrica Environmental, Social, and Governance |url=https://reconafrica.com/our-sustainable-approach/environmental-social-governance/ |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite press release |title=Press release - Clarity on explorative activities by Reconnaissance Energy Botswana |url=https://twitter.com/bwgovernment/status/1359497088128733191 |website=twitter.com |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Factual Response to article titled: "Oil Drillers Threaten Okavango Ecosystem" |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |website=mme.gov.na |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518042410/http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aagga qodista ee ReconAfrica wuxuu ku yaal gobolka [[Kavango West]] kaas oo leh beerta ilaalinta ee dalal badan, lix kayd oo duurjoog ah oo maxalli ah oo la maareeyo, iyo hal goob oo [[UNESCO World Heritage]] ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee shatiga qodista kuma jiro mid ka mid ah aagahan la ilaaliyo.<ref>[https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/reconafrica-start-drilling-first-well-kavango-basin-namibia/ ReconAfrica waxay bilowday qodista ceelka ugu horreeya ee Kavango Basin, Namibia]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210219215106/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oil-drilling-fracking-planned-okavango-wilderness Qodista saliidda, jajabinta suurtagalka ah ee loo qorsheeyay gobolka Okavango—kutaalka ugu dambeeya ee maroodiyaasha]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Portal|Juqraafiga|Afrika}} * [http://www.okacom.org/ OKACOM Bogga hore] {{Authority control}} sihzp1iro2efcl0351xym4m29yh1i4w Webiga Kawa (Togo) 0 49125 312276 302134 2026-11-11T08:50:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kawa | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 200 | map_caption = Togo oo leh Webiga Kawa oo ka qulqula Webiga Kara | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Togo]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Afka wabiga|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|185|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Kara]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|38|58|N|0|55|19|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Kawa''' waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] iyo [[wabi laamood]] ku yaal [[Gobolka Kara]] ee [[Togo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominatim Demo |url=https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/ui/details.html?osmtype=W&osmid=247578608 |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=nominatim.openstreetmap.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephens |first=Moore |date=2016 |title=Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Togo |url=https://itietogo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Report-EITI-Togo-2016-translation-Vdef.pdf |journal= |publisher=EITI Togo. |publication-date=January 2016 |pages=102 |access-date=2026-07-13 |archive-date=2026-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260513132500/https://itietogo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Report-EITI-Togo-2016-translation-Vdef.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ka qulqulaa [[Webiga Kara (Togo)|Webiga Kara]] meel u dhow [[Agbande]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Katassou]] meel u dhow [[Binako]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kawa / Kawa, Togo (general), Togo, Africa |url=https://travelingluck.com/Africa/Togo/Togo+(general)/_2366103_Kawa.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=travelingluck.com}}</ref> Ciidda Webiga Kawa ayaa lagula taliyay [[Catchment|shaqooyinka qabashada]] in kasta oo wabigu aanu lahayn marin waddo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beyama |first1=N. |last2=Togbe |first2=K. A. |date=2021 |title=Caractéristiques physiques, chimiques et hydrodynamiques des sables de la riviere MO - Ouda du Togo : Utilite dans les ouvrages de captage d'eau |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrsul/article/view/240081 |journal=Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–113 |issn=2413-354X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zahorka |first=Herwig |date=2001-01-01 |title=A Tumon Dayak burial ritual (Ayah Besar): description and interpretation of its masks, disguises, and ritual practices. (Research Notes) |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=00067806&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA93533241&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=Borneo Research Bulletin |language=English |pages=84–103}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} eajtfnnvpabhi36lkam56odrgq4yfxg Gobolka Ahafo 0 49158 312229 307794 2026-11-11T02:39:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ahafo | official_name = Gobolka Ahafo | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = The Tano River.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Tano | image_map = Ahafo in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Goobta Ahafo ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | flag_size = 250px | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = Magaalada ugu weyn | leader_name = [[Mim, Ahafo]] | leader_title1 = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name1 = [[Charity Gardiner]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahrcc.gov.gh/newly-appointed-ahafo-regional-minister-hon-george-yaw-boakye-paid-a-courtesy-call-to-nana-sankoremanhene/|title = Newly Appointed Ahafo Regional Minister, Hon. George Yaw Boakye Paid a Courtesy Call to Nana Sankoremanhene – Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council}}</ref> | leader_title2 = <!-- Members of Parliament --> | leader_name2 = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Goaso]] | area_total_km2 = 5,193 | area_footnotes = | area_rank = <!--[[List of Ghanaian regions by area|Ranked ]]--> | population_total = 564,668<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&&Bono&regid=2|title = Ghana Statistical Services}}</ref> | population_as_of = Tirakoobka 2021 | population_footnotes = | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 16-aad]] | population_density_km2 = 109 | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = | demographics_type2 = [[GDP magacaaban|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}} | blank_info_sec2 = | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo|Degmooyin]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | iso_code = | website = | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|035]] }} '''Gobolka Ahafo''' waa [[Gobolada Ghana|gobol]] cusub oo ku yaalla Ghana, kaas oo la abuuray 27 Diseembar 2018, iyadoo [[Goaso]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-11-21|work=Ghana News|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|title=Commission of enquiry on creation of new regions commences work - Ghana News|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411215130/http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CREATION OF NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS—COUNCIL OF STATE RECOMMENDS COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924135011/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |archive-date=2019-09-24 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Government Of Ghana |language=en-gb}}</ref> Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay sharci-dejinta maamulka iyo dawladda sida dhammaan tobanka gobol ee horey uga jiray Ghana. Gobolka ayaa laga gooyay qaybta koonfur-bari ee [[Gobolka Brong Ahafo]] waxaana lagu fuliyay ballan-qaad olole oo ay samaysay Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub (New Patriotic Party). Kahor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016]], murashaxii markaas [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in marka la doorto, uu sahamin doono suurtagalnimada abuurista gobollo cusub oo laga gooyo qaar ka mid ah gobollada jira ee Ghana si dawladda loogu dhoweeyo muwaadiniinta. Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobollada waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolka]] ee dhawaan la abuuray<ref name="yyuiu">{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website= |publisher=MyJoyonline}}</ref> taas oo ay hoggaaminayso [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]], wasiirka [[Dawladda Ghana]] ee lagu eedeeyay mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollada cusub ee Ghana.<ref name="yyuiu" /> Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka, oo ay la socdaan kuwo kale, [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-16 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions - Nana Otuo Siriboe II |language=en-US |work=GhanaCrusader - Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193348/https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |archive-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay dadka ku dhex nool gobolka cusub ka qaadeen 27 Diseembar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Creation Of New Region In Your Hands" – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Ghana Presidency |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Magaalooyinka waaweyn== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: centre;" |- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |align=center colspan=4|'''[[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Magaalooyinka waaweyn]] ee Gobolka Ahafo'''. |- " !class="unsortable"| No. !class="unsortable"| [[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Degganaansho]] !class="unsortable"| Dadka !class="unsortable"| Sannadka tirakoobka |- |align=center| '''1''' |align=center| [[Mim, Ahafo]] |align=center| 30,753 |align=center| 2017 |- |align=center| '''2''' |align=center| [[Goaso]] |align=center| 24,846 |align=center| 2017 |- |align=center| '''3''' |align=center| [[Bechem]] |align=center| 17,677 |align=center| 2013 |- |align=center| '''4''' |align=center| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]] |align=center| 16,541 |align=center| 2013 |- |align=center| '''5''' |align=center| [[Techimantia]] |align=center| |align=center| |- |align=center| '''6''' |align=center| [[Kenyasi]] |align=center| |align=center| |- |align=center| '''7''' |align=center| [[Hwidiem]] |align=center| |align=center| |} ==Qaybaha maamulka== Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolka waa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoostiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA (oo ka kooban 0 degmooyin magaalo, 3 degmooyin maamul, iyo 3 gole caadi ah).<ref name="GhanaDistricts-Ahafo">{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - Ahafo |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617031734/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website= |publisher=Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Golaha Degmada ama Magaalada, waxaa maamula Maamule sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo<ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Brong-Ahafo Region]. Geohive.</ref> |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Maamulaha Sare ! Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Degmada Asunafo Woqooyi|Asunafo Woqooyi]] | '''[[Goaso]]''' | Degmada Maamulka | Osei Yaw Boahen | [[Evans Bobie Opoku]] |NPP |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Asunafo Koonfur|Asunafo Koonfur]] | [[Kukuom]] | Caadi | Frank Aduse Poku | [[Eric Opoku (siyaasi)|Eric Opoku]] |NDC |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Asutifi Woqooyi|Asutifi Woqooyi]] | [[Kenyasi]] | Caadi | Anthony Mensah | [[Patrick Banor]] |NPP |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Asutifi Koonfur|Asutifi Koonfur]] | [[Hwidiem]] | Caadi | Robert Mensah Dwomoh | [[Collins Dauda]] |NDC |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Degmada Tano Woqooyi|Tano Woqooyi]] | [[Duayaw Nkwanta]] | Degmada Maamulka | Ernest Kwarteng | [[Freda Prempeh]] |NPP |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Degmada Tano Koonfur|Tano Koonfur]] | [[Bechem]] | Degmada Maamulka | Collins Takyi Offinam | [[Benjamin Yeboah Sekyere]] |NPP |- |} ==Taariikh== [[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}</ref> ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Ahafo. Wadarta guud ee 307,108 cod oo la diiwaan geliyay, 277,663 ayaa ka qayb galay aftida, iyadoo 276,763 (99.68 boqolkiiba) ay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub. 675 (0.24 boqolkiiba) ayaa diiday mooshinka, iyo 225 cod oo la diiday waxay matalayeen 0.08% wadarta codadka la dhiibtay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa la abuuray 13 Febraayo 2019 iyada oo la raacayo Qalabka Dastuuriga ah 114.<ref name="GhanaDistricts-Ahafo"/> Goaso ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay caasimadda gobolka cusub. ==Dhaqaalaha== Degganayaasha Gobolka Ahafo ayaa u badan beeralay soo saara dalagyo lacageed iyo dalagyo cunto labadaba. Dalagga lacageed ee ugu badan ee gobolka laga beero waa [[kakaa|kakaa]]. [[Muus]] iyo [[Casaaf]] waa dalagyada cuntada ee ugu muhiimsan ee laga soo saaro gobolka, waxaana dalagyadan beeraha ay inta badan ka yimaadaan deegaanada [[Sankore, Ghana |Sankore]], [[Kwadwo Addaikrom]], iyo '''Asumura'''. Gobolku waxa uu hodan ku yahay khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida [[Dahab]], [[Dheeman]], iyo [[Qoryo]]. Kaydka dahabka ayaa ku badan qaybaha [[Mim, Ahafo|Mim]], [[Kenyasi]] iyo [[Yamfo]]. Newmont Gold Ghana Limited, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha macdanta ee ugu waaweyn adduunka, ayaa hadda ka wada hawlgallada macdanta ee aagagga Kenyasi iyo Yamfo. Gobolka Ahafo, oo ah mid ka mid ah suumanka kaynta ee Ghana, wuxuu leeyahay kayd kayn badan. Warshadaha qoryaha ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu weyn ee shaqeeya gobolka. Waxaa jira shirkado qoryo waaweyn iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku baahsan gobolka. Waxaana shirkadaha qoryaha ee gobolka ka mid ah shirkadda Ayum Forest Products Co. Ltd,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Trade Minister inaugurates 5-member-board of revitalised Ayum Forest Product Ltd - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/trade-minister-inaugurates-5-member-board-of-revitalised-ayum-forest-product-ltd/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}</ref> Exbo wood Co. Ltd, Ocean-wood Co. Ltd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited is an Exporter in Ghana {{!}} Bill of Lading Data of Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited |url=https://www.exportgenius.in/ocean-wood-ghana-company-limited-exporter-in-ghana |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=exportgenius india |archive-date=2023-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210172654/https://www.exportgenius.in/ocean-wood-ghana-company-limited-exporter-in-ghana |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo Supremo-wood processing Co LTD''',''' dhammaantood ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=24 November 2020 |title=Rising youth population means more job opportunities should be created – Bawumia |url=https://3news.com/rising-youth-population-means-more-job-opportunities-should-be-created-bawumia/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=3news}}</ref> Gobolka Ahafo waxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay dambiisha cuntada ee Ghana. Nooca ciidda ee gobolka ayaa taageera wax soo saarka dalagyada cuntada iyo lacagta labadaba. Gobolka waxaa loo yaqaanaa wax soo saarka weyn ee [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[cashew]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Segbefia |first=Sedem |date=2021-08-02 |title=GCX targets 20,000MT raw cashew for auction next season |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/08/02/gcx-targets-20000mt-raw-cashew-for-auction-next-season/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-10-05 |newspaper=[[Business and Financial Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Shirkadda ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee gobolka waa shirkadda Mim Cashew & Agric Products company LTD, oo ku taal Mim, Ahafo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mim Cashew implementing new strategies to revamp operations |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> ==Dalxiiska== Goobaha dalxiiska ee Gobolka Ahafo waa: * [[Mim Bour]] (dhagaxa Mim) ee [[Mim, Ahafo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=Destination |date=2022-12-29 |title=Top 10 Tourist Sites in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana |url=https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Destination Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324054824/https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Sites & Attractions in Ghana by Region - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/tourtist-attractions-in-ghana-by-region |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MyShsrank. |language=en}}</ref> * [[Mim Lake]] sidoo kale ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]] * Kaydka White-necked Rockfowl ee Asumura * Geedka Okomfo Anokye ee Sankore == Juqraafiga iyo cimilada == === Goobta iyo cabbirka === Gobolka Ahafo waxaa xuduud la leh woqooyiga [[Gobolka Bono]], bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], galbeedka waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Western North]], waxaana ka kooban 6 degmo. === Cimilada iyo dhirta === Gobolka Ahafo waa qayb ka mid ah suunka kaynta ee Ghana waxaana uu leeyahay dhir ka kooban carradii bacrinka ahayd iyo daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaaraha sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qalalan]]. [[Xilliga roobka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Luulyo iyo Noofambar, iyadoo celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050&nbsp;mm (30 ilaa 40&nbsp;inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga qalalan; kuwa ugu hooseeya waa Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada saxaraha ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuu kala duwanaan karaa inta u dhaxaysa 14&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F) habeenkii iyo 40&nbsp;°C (104&nbsp;°F) maalintii.{{clear left}} ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Goaso]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Geographic location |Centre = <!--[[File:Flag of Volta Region.png|25px|link=Volta Region]]--> Ahafo |North = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]] |Northeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |East = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |Southeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |South = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |Southwest = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |West = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]<br>[[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |Northwest = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]] }} {{coord|7|00|N|2|27|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{Authority control}} roj2f9jd6e7hlybx15a1wqbk01lecrd Samuel Garang Dut 0 49599 312262 303177 2026-11-11T07:04:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Garang Dut Thiangdit''' waa siyaasi iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe [[Demographics of South Sudan|u dhashay Koonfurta Suudaan]] kaasoo soo noqday Wasiirka Iskaashiga iyo Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ee [[Northern Bahr el Ghazal State|Waqooyiga Gobolka Bahr el Ghazal]], Koonfurta Suudaan, tan iyo 2023. <ref name="SudanPost2023">https://www.sudanpost.com/northern-bahr-el-ghazal-swears-in-new-ministers/</ref> Waa xubin ka tirsan dowladda gobolka xilligii uu jiray Guddoomiyaha [[Tong Akeen Ngor]]. == Taariikh Nololeed == Bishii Diseembar 2020, Dut waxaa lagu xiray [[Aweil, South Sudan|Aweil]] ka dib markii uu si cad u dhaleeceeyay [[Tong Akeen Ngor]] oo ku eedeeyay inuu si xun u maamulay lacagaha dadweynaha. <ref>https://onecitizendaily.com/index.php/2023/08/14/activists-gain-freedom/</ref> Maxkamadda madaniga ah ayaa ku heshay dambi ah inuu sumcad xumo sameeyay waxayna xirtay muddo siddeed bilood ah, iyadoo ku soo rogtay SSP 2,000,000 . <ref>https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/military-intelligence-detain-aweil-activist-samuel-garang-in-juba</ref> <ref>https://www.eyeradio.org/activist-samuel-garang-set-free-after-serving-8-month-jail-term-in-prison/</ref> <ref>https://www.eyeradio.org/activist-samuel-garang-set-free-after-serving-8-month-jail-term-in-prison/</ref> Wax yar ka dib markii la sii daayay, sirdoonka militariga ayaa ku xiray Juba, iyagoo ku eedeeyay inuu taageeray [[Paul Malong Awan]], oo ahaa fallaago isku beddelay siyaasi iyo guddoomiyihii hore ee [[Northern Bahr el Ghazal|Waqooyiga Bahr el Ghazal]] . <ref name=":2">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/aweil-activist-appeals-defamation-case-against-governor-after-serving-jail-term</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?mot617 |access-date=2014-07-24 |archive-date=2014-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811030923/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?mot617 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dut wuxuu xirnaa ku dhawaad toban bilood ilaa laga sii daayay 5 Agoosto 2023. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/juba-activist-vows-to-persist-following-release-from-detention</ref> == Tixraacyo == 2wpwuqs7prsqyy20z33k4at7if8ymqz Peter Adwok Nyaba 0 49818 312259 303604 2026-11-11T06:13:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Adwok Nyaba''' waa dhaqdhaqaaqe u dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada rayidka ah. <ref name="afbooks">https://africanbookscollective.com/contributor/peter-adwok-nyaba/</ref> Waa u doode bulsho iyo cilmi-baare oo daraasado badan u sameeyay ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee ka shaqeeya [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref>https://riftvalley.net/staff/peter-adwok-nyaba/</ref> Wuxuu sii watay Wasiirka Waxbarashada Sare ee Dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. <ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/01/06/260189348/how-i-almost-got-arrested-with-a-south-sudanese-ex-minister</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Chollo oo ku taal [[Shilluk people|Shilluk,]] wuxuuna wax ku bartay dugsi diimeed oo Katoolig ah. <ref name=":0">https://pachodo.org/pachodo-english-articles/23084-dr-peter-adwok-nyaba-a-controversial-character</ref> Muddo gaaban, Nyaba wuxuu ka qayb qaatay [[First Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee ugu horreeyay ee Suudaan]] laga bilaabo 1964 ilaa 1966, ka dibna wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa [[University of Khartoum|Jaamacadda Khartoum]] . <ref name="afbooks2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.sudanspost.com/adwok-nyaba-says-south-sudan-peace-deal-failing-because-leaders-want-to-die-in-power/ |access-date=2026-07-31 |archive-date=2026-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617135340/https://www.sudanspost.com/adwok-nyaba-says-south-sudan-peace-deal-failing-because-leaders-want-to-die-in-power/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":02">https://csrf-southsudan.org/repository/politics-liberation-south-sudan/</ref> == Xirfad == Shaqada Nyaba waxay diiradda saareysaa ururada samafalka caalamiga ah ee Koonfurta Suudaan, iyadoo diiradda saareysa maamulka, iskahorimaadka, iyo horumarinta bulshada. <ref name="afbooks3">https://csrf-southsudan.org/repository/politics-liberation-south-sudan/</ref> == Tixraacyada == ouyq4kekb5amx7h3dunzaildqkdkd9r Eislingen 0 50524 312217 304752 2026-11-11T01:55:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Eislingen-Fils COA.svg |image_photo = Ausblick vom Wannenhof nach Eislingen - panoramio (1).jpg |image_caption = Aragtida Eislingen ee waqooyiga |coordinates = {{coord|48|41|36|N|9|42|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eislingen-Fils in GP.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Göppingen |elevation = 336 |area = 16.41 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08117019 |postal_code = 73054 |area_code = 07161 |licence = GP |mayor = Klaus Heininger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger für Baden-Württemberg, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;26 |Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor |party = Independent |website = {{URL|https://www.eislingen.de/}} }} '''Eislingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaɪslɪŋən|-|De-Eislingen.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Eislingen-ta Koonfureed (Kleineislingen) waxay noqotay hanti ka tirsan Württemberg sanadkii 1492 halka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga (Großeislingen) ay qabsatay [[Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg]]. Xilligii qaybinta degmada waxay keentay khilaaf u dhexeeya [[Imperial Knights]] (''Reichsritter'') ee maxalliga ah ilaa [[Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire|kala diristii]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] sanadkii 1803. Dhacdooyinkii [[Protestant Reformation]] ee Jarmalka waxay keeneen qayb saddexaad oo ka mid ah Eislingen oo hoos timaada [[Duchy of Württemberg]] iyo maamul wadajir ah oo lala lahaa Würzburg inta kale ee magaalada ah. Sanadkii 1802, Würzburg waxaa qabsaday [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. Tani, waxay ka dhigtay Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga hanti ka tirsan Bavaria ilaa laga wareejiyay sanadkii 1806 [[Kingdom of Württemberg]] ee markaas jiray. [[Stuttgart]] waxay u qoondeysay Eislingen {{ill|Oberamt Göppingen|de}}, degmo dib loo habeeyay 1938 oo ahayd Landkreis Göppingen. Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga iyo Koonfureed waxay ku midoobeen magaalo keliya, oo lagu magacaabo Eislingen-Fils, sanadkii 1933. Magaalada Krummwälden waxaa lagu daray Eislingen sanadkii 1935. Dhismihii [[Fils Valley Railway]] ee soo dhex maray Eislingen sanadkii 1845 wuxuu bilaabay xilli warshadeyn iyo ballaarinta dadweynaha ah oo sii socday ka dib [[World War II]] taasoo ka dhigtay Eislingen degmada ugu dadka badan ee hoos timaada awoodda Göppingen. Eislingen waxaa lagu dhawaaqay magaalo weyn, ama ''[[Große Kreisstadt]]'', sanadkii 2012.<ref name=LEO-BW>{{cite web|title=Eislingen-Fils|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/web/guest/detail-gis/-/Detail/details/ORT/labw_ortslexikon/681/Eislingen-Fils|website=[[LEO-BW]]|publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg]]|language=de|access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Magaalada (''[[Municipalities of Germany|Stadt]]'') ee Eislingen waxay ku taal waqooyiga [[Göppingen (district)|degmada Göppingen]], ee gobolka Jarmalka ee [[States of Germany|Baden-Württemberg]]. Eislingen waxay si rasmi ah ugu taal dooxada webiga [[Fils (river)|Fils]], afka [[Krumm (river)|Krumm]], ee {{ill|Foothills of the central Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der mittleren Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bartamaha}} iyo {{ill|Foothills of the eastern Swabian Jura|de|Vorland der östlichen Schwäbischen Alb|lt=bariga}} lugaha hore ee [[Swabian Jura]]. Joogga ka sarreeya heerka badda ee aagga degmada wuxuu u dhexeeya ugu sarreeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|479|m|sp=us}} NN]], waqooyi-bari, ilaa ugu hooseeya [[Normalnull|{{convert|324|m|sp=us}} NN]] ee ku yaal webiga Fils.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Siyaasadda == Eislingen waxay leedahay hal xaafad (''Stadtteile''), Eislingen-Fils, iyo shan tuulo: Eschenbäche, Etzberg, Krummwälden, Stumpenhof, iyo Täleshof. Waxaa jira saddex [[abandoned villages|tuulo oo la dayacay]] oo ku yaal aagga degmada: Brunnenweiler, Ehrenstetten, iyo Hammertweil.<ref name=LEO-BW/> === Calanka degmada === [[Coat of arms|Calanka]] Eislingen waa mid u qaybsan afar qaybood oo [[Division of the field#Common divisions|''party per cross'']] ah, laba [[Argent|cad]] ah iyo laba [[Azure (heraldry)|bulug]] ah. Qeybta sare ee [[blazon|calaamadda]] waa {{ill|Hirschstange|de|lt=gees deer}} oo u beddelmaya caddaan iyo bulug marka uu ka gudbo qaybaha kala duwan. Qaabkani wuxuu ahaa calanka Eislingen-ta Waqooyiga waxaana dib u qaatay magaalada Eislingen markii ay midoobeen Eislingen-ta Koonfureed sanadkii 1933. Midabka bulugga iyo caddaanka ah [[Tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] waa tixraac ku aadan Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, geeska deernkana waa Württemberg. Geeska deeradu wuxuu ahaa madow ilaa 1955.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == * {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Villány]], [[Hungary]], tan iyo Abriil 1989<ref>{{cite web|title=Villany (Ungarn)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Villany-(Ungarn)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=7 Bisha Sagaalaad 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907232124/https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Villany-(Ungarn)|url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Oyonnax]], [[France]], tan iyo 17 Diseembar 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Oyonnax (Frankreich)|url=https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Oyonnax-(Frankreich)|publisher=City of Eislingen|language=de|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=22 Bisha Tobnaad 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251022210848/https://www.eislingen.de/de/Leben-in-Eislingen/Unsere-Stadt/Partnerstaedte/Oyonnax-(Frankreich)|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gaadiidka == Eislingen waxay ku xiran tahay [[Driving in Germany|shabakadda waddooyinka Jarmalka]] [[Bundesstraße 10]], gaar ahaan ballaarinta afar-jidka ah ee wadada taas oo la dhammeeyey sanadkii 2006. Magaalada waxaa kale oo lagu xiray nidaamka tareenada Jarmalka iyada oo la sii marayo [[Fils Valley Railway]]. Gaadiidka dadweynaha ee maxalliga ah waxaa bixiya {{ill|Verkehrsgemeinschaft Stauferkreis|de}} iyo {{ill|Regional Bus Stuttgart|de}}.<ref name=LEO-BW/> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} s16gw1sutzlk6m87v9v40o2w9qstznw Eurasburg 0 50640 312221 304955 2026-11-11T02:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Gemeinde |image_photo = Schloss Eurasburg.jpg |image_caption = Qalcadda Eurasburg |image_coa = DEU Eurasburg (Oberbayern) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|47|52|N|11|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eurasburg in TÖL.svg |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen |elevation = 600 |area = 40.9 |postal_code = 82547 |area_code = 08179, (08171 in Achmühle) |licence = TÖL and WOR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 73 123 |divisions = 52 villages and hamlets |website = [http://www.eurasburg.de/ www.eurasburg.de] |mayor = Moritz Sappl<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = }} '''Eurasburg''' ([[Central Bavarian]]: ''Eiraschburg'') waa degmo ka tirsan [[Upper Bavaria|Oberbayern]] (Baria sare). Waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}} koonfurta caasimadda gobolka Bavaria, ee [[Munich]], ee degmada [[Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen]]. Tan iyo dib-u-habeynta dib-u-dejinta ee 1978, degmada Eurasburg waxay lahayd bedka {{convert|40.9|km2|1|abbr=out}}, oo ay ku jiraan 52 bulsho. Labada bulsho ee ugu waaweyn waa Eurasburg iyo Beuerberg. Degmadu waxay leedahay dad qiyaastii 4,400 ah. == Taariikhda == Irings waxay dejiyeen fiefdom-kooda dooxada [[Loisach]]. Waxaa ku jiray aag ka yimid Herrenhausen ilaa [[Lake Starnberg]] iyo laga bilaabo [[Wolfratshausen]] ilaa fief ee ka tirsan [[Benediktbeuern Abbey]]. Qalcadda ay dhisteen Irings, Iringsburg, waxay siisay magaca bulshada. Albert von Iringsburg, oo ahaa taageere [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry IV]], waxaa habaaray [[Pope Gregory VII]]. Si ay u beddesho aabaheed iyo ninkeeda, Berta von Iringsburg iyo wiilkeeda Otto iyo Eberhard waxay aas-aaseen keniisad [[Augustinians|Augustine]] 1121, taas oo hadda ku jirta gacanta [[Salesians of Don Bosco]]. Keniisaddu waxay maamulaysay dhammaan hantidii kنيisadda ee dhammaan fiefdom-ka. [[Albert VI of Bavaria]] wuxuu burburiyay Iringsburg-kii duugga ahaa 1626. [[manor house]] ee maanta taagan waxaa la dhisay dabayaaqadii qaabka Renaissance iyadoo loo eegayo naqshadeynta Peter Candid. Aqalka manorku wuxuu gubtay 1976. Waxaa dib loo dhisay 1980-meeyadii kadibna loo qaybiyay guryo gaar loo leeyahay. Intii lagu guda jiray [[End of World War II in Europe|wejiyada soo gabagabeynaya Dagaalkii II ee Adduunka ee Yurub]], [[Death marches (Holocaust)#Dachau to the Austrian border|socodkii dhimashada]] ee maxaabiistii hore ee [[Dachau concentration camp]] waxay u socdeen xagga koonfureed kadibna waxay u leexdeen bari<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gz-tm-dachau.de/img/uebersicht_big.jpg |title=''Todesmärsche Dachau'' memorial website's map page of KZ-Dachau death march |access-date=2016-09-07 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003130634/http://www.gz-tm-dachau.de/img/uebersicht_big.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> ee Eurasburg, iyagoo u socda [[Waakirchen]] halkaas oo Ciidanka Maraykanka [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)#522nd Field Artillery Battalion|522nd Field Artillery Battalion]] ee ciidamadii [[Nisei]] ee kala soocnaa ay ku badbaadiyeen May 2, 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goforbroke.org/learn/history/combat_history/world_war_2/european_theater/central_europe_campaign.php |title=Central Europe Campaign – 522nd Field Artillery Battalion |accessdate=2015-01-12 |quote=In fact, the brutal death marches south had already begun on April 24. Jewish prisoners from the outer Dachau camps were marched to Dachau, and then 70 miles south. Many of the Jewish marchers weighed less than 80 pounds. Shivering in their tattered striped uniforms, the "skeletons" marched 10 to 15 hours a day, passing more than a dozen Bavarian towns. If they stopped or fell behind, the SS guards shot them and left their corpses along the road. Thousands died from exposure, exhaustion, and starvation. On May 2, the death march was outside Waakirchen, Germany, near the Austrian border, when the 522nd came across the marchers. That day, soldiers from the 522nd were patrolling near Waakirchen. The Nisei saw an open field with several hundred "lumps in the snow." When the soldiers looked closer they realized the "lumps" were people. Some were shot. Some were dead from exposure. Hundreds were alive. But barely. The 522nd discovered hundreds of prisoners with black and white prison garb, shaven heads, sunken eyes, and hollowed cheeks. Some roamed aimlessly around the countryside. Some were too weak to move. All were severely malnourished. One soldier gave a starving Jewish prisoner a candy bar, but his system couldn't handle solid food. Then the Americans were told not to give food to the prisoners because it could do them more harm than good. For the next three days, the Nisei helped the prisoners to shelter and tended to their needs as best as they could. They carried the survivors into warm houses and barns. The soldiers gave them blankets, water and tiny bits of food to ease them back from starvation. The soldiers left Waakirchen on May 4, still deeply disturbed by the harrowing scenes of the Jewish prisoners. |archive-date=2016-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320005449/http://www.goforbroke.org/learn/history/combat_history/world_war_2/european_theater/central_europe_campaign.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Goobaha dhaqanka iyo taariikhda == Eurasburg sidoo kale waa hoyga [[Beuerberg Abbey]], oo la aas-aasay qiyaastii 1121 laguna cusboonaysiiyay qarnigii 18-aad, kana kooban qaab-dhismeedka qarnigii 12-aad ilaa 18-aad. Waxaa la kala diray [[German Mediatisation|secularisation]] ee 1803. Maanta, goobaha waxaa haysta [[Visitandines]]. == Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah == Eurasburg waa [[Twin towns and sister cities|mataan]] leh: *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Rybnik]] ee [[Poland]] <small>''(laga soo bilaabo 05.07.2001)''</small> <ref name="Twin">''{{cite web |url=http://www.rybnik.pl/index.php?id=324 |title=Rybnik Official Website - Twin Towns |publisher=<small>[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|14px]]{{fontcolor|Green|(in}} [[English language|{{fontcolor|Green|English}}]]) [[copyright|©]] 2008 Urząd Miasta Rybnika, ul. Bolesława Chrobrego 2, 44-200 Rybnik</small> |accessdate=2008-11-01 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191144/http://www.rybnik.pl/index.php?id=324 |url-status=dead }}''</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.eurasburg.de Eurasburg Official Site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eurasburg.de/ |date=20050629234859 }} {{Authority control}} o90ge6u2ucmnwe3boueok9fgo45nm0h Jilida 0 50817 312165 312081 2026-11-10T14:40:51Z ~2026-59529-91 48237 /* Tixraac */ 312165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jilida''' {{Lang-en|Acting}} waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka ({{langx|grc|ὑπόκρισις}}, ''hypokrisis'') waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta.<ref>Csapo and Slater (1994, 257); ''hypokrisis'', oo macnaheedu yahay "jilitaad," waa erayga loo isticmaalo doodaha ku saabsan gaarsiinta hadal-jeedinta.</ref> == Taariikh == {{Main|History of theatre}} Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'' ({{circa|335 BCE}}) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halliwell |first=Stephen |date=2013-09-12 |title=Diegesis – Mimesis |url=https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/node/36.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=The living handbook of narratology |publisher=[[University of Hamburg]]}}</ref> Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian". == Tababarka == {{Further|Drama school}} [[File:Student's studio 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Xubnaha Istuudiyaha Koowaad, oo uu kula billaabay Stanislavski horumarinta nidaamkiisa tababarka jilaaga, kaas oo saldhig u ah tababarka ugu badan ee xirfadleyda ah ee Reer Galbeedka.]] Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada. Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha. Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zuardi|last2=Crippa|last3=Gorayeb|title=Human experimental anxiety: actual public speaking induces more intense physiological responses than simulated public speaking.|journal=Sci Elo Brazil|date=2012|volume=35|issue=3|pages=248–253|doi=10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0930|pmid=24142085|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mesri|first1=Bita|last2=Niles|first2=Andrea|last3=Pittig|first3=Andre|last4=LeBeau|first4=Richard|last5=Haik|first5=Ethan|last6=Craske|first6=Michelle|title=Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder.|journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry|date=2017|volume=55|pages=66–72|doi=10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.010|pmc=5315620|pmid=27915159}}</ref> Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gyurak|first1=Anett|last2=Gross|first2=James|last3=Etkin|first3=Amit|title=Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Dual-Process Framework|date=2012|volume=3|issue=25|pages=400–412|pmc=3280343|pmid=21432682|doi=10.1080/02699931.2010.544160|journal=Cogn Emot}}</ref> Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sonia|first1=Lupien|last2=McEwen|first2=Bruce|last3=Gunnar|first3=Megan|last4=Hein|last4=Christine|title=Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|date=2009|pages=434–445|volume=10|issue=6|doi=10.1038/nrn2639|pmid=19401723|s2cid=205504945}}</ref> ==Tix== {{IMDb name|nm19072497|name=Acting}}{{gumud}} iyqpe9d2k5qkewfq1429sp645jw4y19 312166 312165 2026-11-10T14:41:51Z ~2026-59529-91 48237 /* Tix */ 312166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jilida''' {{Lang-en|Acting}} waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka ({{langx|grc|ὑπόκρισις}}, ''hypokrisis'') waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta. == Taariikh == {{Main|History of theatre}} Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'' ({{circa|335 BCE}}) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda). Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian". == Tababarka == {{Further|Drama school}} [[File:Student's studio 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Xubnaha Istuudiyaha Koowaad, oo uu kula billaabay Stanislavski horumarinta nidaamkiisa tababarka jilaaga, kaas oo saldhig u ah tababarka ugu badan ee xirfadleyda ah ee Reer Galbeedka.]] Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada. Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha. Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan. Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara. Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda. Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka. ==Tix== {{IMDb name|nm19072497|name=Acting}}{{gumud}} d0hcjv6sh0cun4oqtbedi5kofynep6o 312168 312166 2026-11-10T14:49:04Z Aldayaman 48238 /* */ 312168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jilida''' {{Lang-en|Acting}} waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka ({{langx|grc|ὑπόκρισις}}, ''hypokrisis'') waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta. == Taariikh == {{Main|History of theatre}} Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'' ({{circa|335 BCE}}) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda). Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian". == Tababarka == {{Further|Drama school}} Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada. Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha. Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan. Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara. Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda. Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka. ==Tix== {{IMDb name|nm19072497|name=Acting}} mb5pm5ybizpcecvrelweoutusizsd9p 312169 312168 2026-11-10T15:30:14Z Isma4l 41797 Dib u celin 312169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jilida''' {{Lang-en|Acting}} waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka ({{langx|grc|ὑπόκρισις}}, ''hypokrisis'') waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta.<ref>Csapo and Slater (1994, 257); ''hypokrisis'', oo macnaheedu yahay "jilitaad," waa erayga loo isticmaalo doodaha ku saabsan gaarsiinta hadal-jeedinta.</ref> == Taariikh == {{Main|History of theatre}} Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'' ({{circa|335 BCE}}) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halliwell |first=Stephen |date=2013-09-12 |title=Diegesis – Mimesis |url=https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/node/36.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=The living handbook of narratology |publisher=[[University of Hamburg]]}}</ref> Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian". == Tababarka == {{Further|Drama school}} [[File:Student's studio 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Xubnaha Istuudiyaha Koowaad, oo uu kula billaabay Stanislavski horumarinta nidaamkiisa tababarka jilaaga, kaas oo saldhig u ah tababarka ugu badan ee xirfadleyda ah ee Reer Galbeedka.]] Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada. Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha. Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zuardi|last2=Crippa|last3=Gorayeb|title=Human experimental anxiety: actual public speaking induces more intense physiological responses than simulated public speaking.|journal=Sci Elo Brazil|date=2012|volume=35|issue=3|pages=248–253|doi=10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0930|pmid=24142085|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mesri|first1=Bita|last2=Niles|first2=Andrea|last3=Pittig|first3=Andre|last4=LeBeau|first4=Richard|last5=Haik|first5=Ethan|last6=Craske|first6=Michelle|title=Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder.|journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry|date=2017|volume=55|pages=66–72|doi=10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.010|pmc=5315620|pmid=27915159}}</ref> Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gyurak|first1=Anett|last2=Gross|first2=James|last3=Etkin|first3=Amit|title=Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Dual-Process Framework|date=2012|volume=3|issue=25|pages=400–412|pmc=3280343|pmid=21432682|doi=10.1080/02699931.2010.544160|journal=Cogn Emot}}</ref> Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sonia|first1=Lupien|last2=McEwen|first2=Bruce|last3=Gunnar|first3=Megan|last4=Hein|last4=Christine|title=Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|date=2009|pages=434–445|volume=10|issue=6|doi=10.1038/nrn2639|pmid=19401723|s2cid=205504945}}</ref> ==Tixraac== g7sn4iawa07lacskfqkply9hm34nfx9 312170 312169 2026-11-10T15:33:02Z Isma4l 41797 312170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jilida''' {{Lang-en|Acting}} waa hawl uu sheeko ku sheegayo jilitaaddeeda jilaa qaata dabeecad—gudaha tiyattarka, televisanka, filimka, raadiyaha, ama wixii warbaahin kale ah ee isticmaasha habka mimetic. Jilitaaddu waxay ku lug leedahay xirfado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan malayn horumaray, kartida shucuureed, muujinta jidhka, qeylada codka, caddaynta hadalka, iyo awoodda lagu fasiro riwaayadda. Jilitaaddu waxay sidoo kale dalbanaysaa awood ay ku isticmaasho lahjadaha, lahjadaha gaarka ah, jilitaanta isla-goobta ah, kormeerka iyo ku-dayashada, mimaajada, iyo dagaalka masraxa. Jilaayaal badani waxay tababar dheer ku qaataan barnaamijyo takhasus leh ama kulliyado si ay u horumariyaan xirfadahan. Inta badan jilaayaasha xirfadlayaasha ah waxay soo mareen tababar ballaaran. Jilaayaasha rag iyo dumarba waxay inta badan leeyihiin macallimiin iyo bareyaal badan oo loogu talagalay tababar dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan heesta, shaqada goobta, farsamooyinka imtixaanka jilitaanka, iyo u jilitaanka kaamirada. Inta badan ilaha hore ee Reer Galbeedka ee baara fanka jilitaanka ({{langx|grc|ὑπόκρισις}}, ''hypokrisis'') waxay kala hadlaan qayb ka mid ah hadal-jeedinta.<ref>Csapo and Slater (1994, 257); ''hypokrisis'', oo macnaheedu yahay "jilitaad," waa erayga loo isticmaalo doodaha ku saabsan gaarsiinta hadal-jeedinta.</ref> == Taariikh == {{Main|History of theatre}} Mid ka mid ah jilaayaashii ugu horreeyay ee la ogyahay wuxuu ahaa Giriiggii hore oo lagu magacaabo Thespis oo ka tirsanaa Icaria ee Ateenay. Isagoo qoraya laba qarni ka dib dhacdada, Aristotle kitaabkiisa ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'' ({{circa|335 BCE}}) wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in Thespis uu ka tallaabsaday dithyrambic kooxda heesaha oo uu kala hadlay sidii dabeecad gooni ah. Kahor Thespis, kooxda heesaha waxay wadday sheeko-sheegid (tusaale ahaan, "Dionysus ayaa sidan sameeyay, Dionysus wuxuu yiri"). Markii Thespis uu ka soo baxay kooxda heesaha, wuxuu u hadlay sidii haddii uu yahay dabeecadda (tusaale ahaan, "Anigu waxaan ahay Dionysus, tan waan sameeyay"). Si loo kala saaro hababkan sheeko-sheegidda ee kala duwan—jilitaanka iyo sheeko-sheegidda—Aristotle wuxuu isticmaalaa ereyada "mimesis" (iyada oo loo marayo jilitaanka) iyo "diegesis" (iyada oo loo marayo sheeko-sheegidda).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halliwell |first=Stephen |date=2013-09-12 |title=Diegesis – Mimesis |url=https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/node/36.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=The living handbook of narratology |publisher=[[University of Hamburg]]}}</ref> Magaca jilaaga Giriigga ah ee Thespis ayaa laga soo qaatay erayga "thespian". == Tababarka == {{Further|Drama school}} [[File:Student's studio 1915.jpg|thumb|right|Xubnaha Istuudiyaha Koowaad, oo uu kula billaabay Stanislavski horumarinta nidaamkiisa tababarka jilaaga, kaas oo saldhig u ah tababarka ugu badan ee xirfadleyda ah ee Reer Galbeedka.]] Kulliyadaha iyo duugisyada riwaayadaha waxay inta badan bixiyaan tababar laba ilaa afar sano ah oo ku saabsan dhammaan dhinacyada jilitaanka. Jaamacaduhu badanaa waxay bixiyaan barnaamijyo saddex ilaa afar sano ah, kuwaas oo ardaygu badanaa awood u leeyahay inuu doorto inuu diiradda saaro jilitaanka, halka uu sii wado barashada dhinacyada kale ee tiyaatarka. Dugsiyadu way ku kala duwan yihiin habkooda, laakiin Waqooyiga Ameerika habka ugu caansan ee la baro wuxuu ka soo jeedaa nidaamka Konstantin Stanislavski, kaas oo laga soo saaray oo laga caan-bixiyay Ameerika sida method acting ay sameeyeen Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, Sanford Meisner, iyo kuwo kale. Hababka kale waxaa ka mid ah jihayn jidheed oo badan, sida midka ay dhiirrigeliyahaan ku-dhaqmeeyaasha tiyaatarka ee kala duwan sida Anne Bogart, Jacques Lecoq, Jerzy Grotowski, ama Vsevolod Meyerhold. Fasaladu waxay kaloo ka mid noqon karaan psychotechnique, shaqada maaskarada, tiyaatarka jismiga, improvisation, iyo jilitaanka kaamirada. Iyadoo aan loo eegin habka dugsigu leeyahay, ardaydu waa inay fildaan tababar xoog leh oo ku saabsan fasiraadda qoraalka, codka, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. Codsiyada barnaamijyada riwaayadaha iyo kulliyadaha waxay inta badan ku lug leeyihiin imtixaan jileed ballaaran. Qof kasta oo ka weyn da'da 18 sano caadi ahaan wuu codsan karaa. Tababarka waxaa kale oo laga bilaabi karaa da' yar. Fasalada jilitaanka iyo dugsiyada xirfadleyda ah ee la eegto dadka da'doodu ka hooseyso 18 waa kuwo baahsan. Fasaladan waxay u soo bandhigaan jilaayaasha da'da yar dhinacyada kala duwan ee jilitaanka iyo tiyaatarka, oo ay ku jirto daraasadda goobaha. Tababarka kordhay iyo soo-bandhigidda hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha waxay u oggolaaneysaa dadka inay ilaashadaan fizioloji dagan oo deggan.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zuardi|last2=Crippa|last3=Gorayeb|title=Human experimental anxiety: actual public speaking induces more intense physiological responses than simulated public speaking.|journal=Sci Elo Brazil|date=2012|volume=35|issue=3|pages=248–253|doi=10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0930|pmid=24142085|doi-access=free}}</ref> Cabbiraadda garaaca wadnaha ee qofka hadlaya dadweynaha hortooda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka mid tahay hababka ugu fudud ee lagu qiimeeyo isbeddellada stress, maadaama garaaca wadnaha uu kordho marka ay timaado walwal. Sida jilaayaashu u kordhiyaan jilitaankooda, garaaca wadnaha iyo calaamadaha kale ee walwalka ayaa yaraan kara.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mesri|first1=Bita|last2=Niles|first2=Andrea|last3=Pittig|first3=Andre|last4=LeBeau|first4=Richard|last5=Haik|first5=Ethan|last6=Craske|first6=Michelle|title=Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder.|journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry|date=2017|volume=55|pages=66–72|doi=10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.010|pmc=5315620|pmid=27915159}}</ref> Tani waa mid aad muhiim ugu ah tababarka jilaayaasha, maadaama istiraatiijiyadaha la qabsiga ee laga helay soo-bandhigidda la kordhiyay ee hadal-jeedinta dadweynaha ay nidaamin karaan walwalka qarsan iyo kan muuqda.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gyurak|first1=Anett|last2=Gross|first2=James|last3=Etkin|first3=Amit|title=Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation: A Dual-Process Framework|date=2012|volume=3|issue=25|pages=400–412|pmc=3280343|pmid=21432682|doi=10.1080/02699931.2010.544160|journal=Cogn Emot}}</ref> Marka la tago hay'ad ku takhasustay jilitaanka, fursadda kordhaysa ee jilitaanka waxay horseedaysaa fizioloji ka dagan iyo hoos u dhaca walwalka iyo saameynteeda jirka. Saamayntani waxay ka soo jeeni karaan caafimaadka hoormoonka ilaa garashada taas oo saameyn karta tayada nolosha iyo waxqabadka.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sonia|first1=Lupien|last2=McEwen|first2=Bruce|last3=Gunnar|first3=Megan|last4=Hein|last4=Christine|title=Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|date=2009|pages=434–445|volume=10|issue=6|doi=10.1038/nrn2639|pmid=19401723|s2cid=205504945}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriiriyeyaasha dibadda== {{Commons category}} {{wikiquote|:en:Acting}} * {{IMDb name|nm19072497}} {{Wiktionary|acting}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=no |about=yes |label=Acting }} {{Authority control}} gi5ta6bhr6lrzhvxbwzw1n9z5vouf0d Dowladda Ku meel gaarka ah ee Qaranka Soomaaliya 0 53637 312213 310761 2026-11-11T01:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = | common_name = Somalia | conventional_long_name = Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | status = | p1 = Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | s1 = Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = Calanka Soomaaliya | flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Mogadishu|Muqdisho]] | common_languages = [[Somali language|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Arabic|Carabi]]{{·}}[[Italian language|Talyaani]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | government_type = [[Provisional government|Dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah]] | anthem = (2000)<br>[[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Heesta calanka Soomaaliya]]{{center|[[File:Somali National Anthem (1960-2000).ogg]]}}<hr>(2000–2004)<br>[[Soomaaliyeey toosoo]]{{center|}} | title_leader = Madaxweyne | leader1 = [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] | year_leader1 = 2000–2004 | event_start = [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#2000 Somalia National Peace Conference|Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] | year_start = 2000 | date_start = 20 Abriil | event_end = [[Transitional Federal Charter|Axdiga Kumeelgaarka ah]] | year_end = 2004 | date_end = 14 Oktoobar | demonym = | area_km2 = | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | HDI = | HDI_year = | today = }} {{Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} '''Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah''' ('''TNG''') waxay ahayd dowladda dhexe ee Soomaaliya ee caalamku aqoonsan ee ka jirtay [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]] sannadadii 2000 ilaa 2004. ==Dulmar gubaan== Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxaa lagu dhisay 20 Abriil–5 Maajo 2000 Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed oo lagu qhelday [[Arta, Djibouti|Carta]], [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]].<ref name="Cfbsom">{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Somalia|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia|year=2014|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132350/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 9, 2021|access-date=April 8, 2014}}</ref> Mabda' ahaan, Axdiga Kumeelgaarka ah ee Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah dhaliyay, wuxuu aqoonsaday madax-bannaanida deegaannada iyo noqoshada maamullo cusub ee waqooyiga Soomaalidii hore, oo ay degan yihiin qabaa'il hab-wadaag ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelaha qaar ee Soomaaliya, maamul-daadejintu waxay ka dhignayd in awooddii dowladeed ay burburtay.<ref>Women and Gender Equality in Peace Processes: From Women at the Negotiating Table to Postwar Structural Reforms in Guatemala Gutemala and Somalia, Sumie Nakaya, Global Governance Vol. 9, No. 4 (Oct.–Dec. 2003), pp. 459–476</ref> Waddanka deriska ah ee awoodda leh, [[Ethiopia|Itoobiya]], ayaa markiiba ka soo horjeedsatay Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, iyadoo ka cabsi qabtay in dowladdaas ay dib u soo cusbooneysiiso sheegashada gobolka [[Ogaden|Ogaadeenya]]. Itoobiya waxay taageertay kooxaha Soomaaliya ee ka soo horjeeday Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, iyadoo maalgelineysa dhismaha isbahaysiyo mucaarad ah si ay u dhowrato danahooda istiraatiijiyadeed. Waxa ugu caansanaa, inay kafaala-qaaday dhismaha isbahaysi hoggaamiye-kooxeedyo awood leh oo loo vocab-bixiyay [[Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council|Golaha Dib-u-hesashiinta iyo Badbaadinta Soomaaliya]] (SRRC) oo ku dhashay Itoobiya dhexdeeda bartamihii sannadkii 2001. SRRC waxay u served-gareysay mucaaradka ugu weyn ee siyaasadeed iyo ciidan ee ka soo horjeeday Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.{{Sfn|Murison|2002|p=945}} Soo bixitaanka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah wuxuu walaac ku dhaliyay dowladdii ka talineysay [[Puntland]], kuwaas oo ka cabsaday in Soomaaliya oo dib u midoobay ay dhanka koonfureed u janjeersato. Bishii Janaayo 2001, [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] wuxuu ka codsaday [[United Nations|Qaramaada Midoobay]] inay 'dib u eegaan go'aankooda' ee aqoonsiga Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah, wuxueena u go'aansaday oo kaga protest-gareeyay [[Arab League|Jaamacadda Carabta]] taageerada la siinayo dowladda.{{Sfn|Murison|2002|p=947}} Yuusuf wuxuu sidoo kale ku biiray isbahaysigii hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada ee Itoobiya taageereysay si uu u waxyeeleeyo Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2008-12-29 |title=Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3732020.stm |access-date=2024-03-09 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB |quote=He was a member of an Ethiopian-backed coalition of warlords that blocked previous attempts at restoring order. As a result of this opposition, the authority of the Transitional National Government (TNG) formed in 2000 was undermined.}}</ref> Ka dib [[September 11 attacks|weeraradii 11-ka Sebtembar]], dowladda Itoobiya waxay si muuqata ku eedeysay hoggaanka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah inay yihiin [[Islamic extremism|xagjiriin Islaami ah]] oo pro-[[Osama bin Laden|Bin Laden]] ah<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Elmi |first1=Afyare Abdi |last2=Barise |first2=Dr Abdullahi |date=2006 |title=The Somali Conflict: Root causes, obstacles, and peace-building strategies |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/101782/FULL.pdf |journal=African Security Review |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=32–53 |doi=10.1080/10246029.2006.9627386}}</ref> iyadoo SRRC ay ugu baaqday [[international community|bulshada caalamka]] inay soo dxgaleen Soomaaliya oo ay dhisaan dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo u dhow [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Afqaanistaan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-01-08 |title=Analysis: Somalia's powerbrokers |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1747697.stm#srrc |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Isla markaana markii la dhisayay dowladda kumeelgaarka ah, [[Islamic Courts Union|Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah]] ee kala duwanaa oo u soo baxay inay lchallenge-gareeyaan awoodda hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada Soomaaliyeed ee Muqdisho ayaa milishiyadooda isku daray si ay u noqdaan ciidan dagaal oo qudha sannadkii 2000. Tani waxay muujisay soo bixitaanka ciidankii ugu horreeyay ee maamul-kooxeed madaxbannaan oo hubaysan oo ka jiro magaalada.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Markii Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah la dhisay isla sannadkaas, xawligii Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah waa uu gaabtay iyagoo doorbidaya inay taageeraan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah. Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah waxaa loo doortay xubin ka tirsan ''Golaha Shacabka Kumeelgaarka ah''.<ref name=":35">{{Cite news |date=25 August 2000 |title=IRIN Interview with Islamic Courts Chairman Hassan Sheik Mohamed Abdi |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/q-and/2000/08/25/irin-interview-islamic-courts-chairman-hassan-sheik-mohamed-abdi |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |publication-place=[[Arta, Djibouti]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 Sep 2000 |title=IRIN interview with Abdallah Derow Isaak, Speaker of Somalia's Transitional National Assembly |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/q-and/2000/09/04/irin-interview-abdallah-derow-isaak-speaker-somalia%E2%80%99s-transitional-national |work=[[The New Humanitarian]] |quote=}}</ref> Iyagoo halis muuqata ka wajahaya hoggaamiye-kooxeedyada, Maxkamadaha waxay ilaaliyeen Madaxweyne [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] markii uu dib uga soo laabtay caasimadda bishii Agoosto 2000,<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2000 |title=New president visits Mogadishu |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/ar/node/231609 |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> waxaana yar ka dib ay hubkooda culus u dhiibeen Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee cusub.<ref name=":34">{{Cite news |date=12 March 2001 |title=Mogadishu central prison reopens |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/19089/somalia-mogadishu-central-prison-reopens |work=[[The New Humanitarian]]}}</ref> Sannadkii 2001 Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxay si tartiib-tartiib ah u la xiriirtay Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah iyo milishiyadooda, iyadoo gabi ahaanba howlahoodii joojisay dhammaadka sannadkaas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2K8FV9_WvfUC |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended |date=2001 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=591 |language=en |chapter=Somalia}}</ref> Sida uu sheegay Le Sage, Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah sannadkii 2002 waxay lahayd dhammaan xubnaha dowlada qaranka, iyadoo ay ka mid yihiin hangallada fulinta iyo garsoorka, sidoo kale baarlamaanka, ciidanka booliska iyo ciidanka taagan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xudduudaheeda waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u liita sababtoo ah qalab xafiiseed aasaasi ah oo la'aan ah, kontrool dhul oo aan jirin, iyo awood la'aanta aruurinta cashuurta. Limit-yadan darteed, Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ma awoodin inay bixiso adeegyada bulshada ee aasaasiga ah. Wasiirrada iyo xildhibaannadu waxay sidoo kale badanaa ka cawdeen in laga baxshay geeddi-socodka dhabta ah ee go'aan-qaadashada, iyo inay helaan mushaar aan joogto ahayn oo xaddidan. Si taa la mid ah, Le Sage wuxuu doodayay in mas'uuliyiinta dowladda ay u served-garaynayeen sida calaamado lagu muujinayo suurtagalnimada dowlad qaran oo sal-ballaaran.<ref>Somalia: Sovereign Disguise for a Mogadishu Mafia, Andre Le Sage, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 29, No. 91, (Mar., 2002), pp. 132–138</ref> Dhibaatooyinka hoose ee Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah waxay keeneen in ra'iisul wasaaraha afar jeer la baddalo saddex sano dhexdeed, iyo kacitaanka maaliyadeed ee maamulka oo la sheegay bishii Disembar 2003. Xilligii shaqadeedana wuxuu ku dhammaaday waqtigaas.<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET">{{cite web|title=TNG Prime Minister Concludes Formation of Cabinet |url=http://www.banadir.com/cabinet.shtml |date=2003-12-31 |access-date=2014-04-08 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040921233018/http://www.banadir.com/cabinet.shtml |archive-date=September 21, 2004 }}</ref> Dowlad Soomaaliyeed oo awood badan oo aan ku xirnayn [[Addis Ababa]] waxaa loo arkayay halis nabadgelyo oo ka dhan ah dowladda Itoobiya,<ref name="Cocodia-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |quote=Ethiopia considered a weak Somali state dependent on Ethiopian support as a lesser threat than a strong one. This propelled Ethiopia to undertake the forceful installment of the TFG.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Sudan Trib-2006a">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2006 |title=Ethiopia prepares to attack Somali Islamists – Eritrea |url=https://sudantribune.com/article17688/ |website=[[Sudan Tribune]] |access-date=22 Bisha Tobnaad 2026 |archive-date=1 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201225940/https://sudantribune.com/article17688/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> sidaas darteed dowladda Itoobiya waxay aad u taageertay dhismaha [[Transitional Federal Government of Somalia|Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya]] (TFG) sannadkii 2004 iyo madaxweynanimada [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf]] sababtoo ah wuxuu ka tanaasuli lahaa sheegashada dheer ee Soomaaliya ee Ogaadeenya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cocodia |first=Jude |date=2021-04-03 |title=Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |journal=African Security |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=110–131 |doi=10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 |issn=1939-2206 |s2cid=236350899 |quote=The TFG had Ethiopia’s approval on the basis that under Yusuf, Somalia will rest its claim to the Ogaden region|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sida ay sheegeen aqoonyahannada Ashley Elliot iyo Georg-Sebastian Holzer, "Guusha Itoobiya ka gaartay waxyeeleynta dowladdii kumeelgaarka ahayd ee curdinka ahayd waxay caddaysay in Addis Ababa ay si hufan u adeegsatay awoodda [[veto|weeto]] ee ku aadan jihada siyaasadeed ee deriskeeda jahawareersan."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elliot |first=Ashley |last2=Holzer |first2=Georg-Sebastian |date=2009-08-01 |title=The invention of ‘terrorism’ in Somalia: paradigms and policy in US foreign relations |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10220460903268984 |journal=South African Journal of International Affairs |publisher=Routledge |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=215–244 |doi=10.1080/10220460903268984 |issn=1022-0461}}</ref> 10 Oktoobar 2004, xildhibaannadu waxay doorteen [[Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed|Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] oo noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee [[transitional federal government|dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka ah]] (TFG), oo ahayd beddelka Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah.<ref name="Spmoarc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041121085231/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-11/13/content_2213479.htm Somali PM optimistic about rebuilding country]</ref> Wuxuu helay 189 cod oo ka timid Baarlamaanka TFG-da, iyadoo musharaxii ugu dhowaa, danjiraha hore ee Soomaaliya u fadhiga Washington [[Abdullahi Ahmed Addou|Cabdullaahi Axmed Caddoow]], uu helay 79 cod wareegii saddexaad ee codbixinta. Madaxweynihii xilligaas ee Soomaaliya, hoggaamiyihii Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]], ayaa si nabdoon uga tanaasulay musharaxnimadiisa.<ref name="Smenp">[http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/Somalia%20-%20BBC%20article%20MPs%20elect%20new%20president.doc Somalia MPs elect new president]</ref><ref name="Rulers">[http://www.rulers.org/2004-10.html Rulers – Somalia – October 2004]</ref> ==Taariikhda== {{further|Taariikhda dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka ah, Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya}} ===2000=== * Shirka Nabadda Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNPC) ama Shirki Carta, oo ku dhacay Carta, Jabuuti, 20 Abriil – 5 Maajo 2000.<ref name=SOMALIA-NATIONAL-PEACE-CONFERENCE>[http://www.banadir.com/whatisthere.htm Somalia National Peace Conference] Program, hosted at Banadir.com</ref> Magaca Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah (TNG) waxaa loo doortay geeddi-socodkan waqtigaas. * Doorashadii [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] ee madaxweynaha oo ay doorteen ergooyinka qabaa'ilka ===2001=== * Guddiga Qaranka ee Dib-u-hesashiinta iyo Hantida ===2002=== * [[2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference|Shirka Dib-u-hesashiinta Soomaaliyeed ee 2002]] oo lagu qhelday [[Eldoret]], [[Kenya]]<ref name=SOMALIA-INTERVIEW-WITH-BARRE-ADAN-SHIRE>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=30536&SelectRegion=Horn_of_Africa&SelectCountry=SOMALIA SOMALIA: Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA)] IRIN</ref> * Magacaabista Jeneraal [[Ismail Qasim Naji|Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji]] oo noqday hoggaamiyaha ciidanka bishii Janaayo 2002.<ref name=LIVES-OF-18-AMERICAN-SOLDIERS-NOT-BETTER-THAN-THOUSANDS-OF-SOMALI-LIVES>{{cite web |title = The Lives of 18 American Soldiers Are Not Better Than Thousands of Somali Lives They Killed, Somalia's TNG Prime Minister Col. Hassan Abshir Farah says |url = http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivedec01/020122101.htm |date = 2002-01-22 |access-date = 2007-01-17 |publisher = [[Somalia Watch]] |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070103000012/http://somaliawatch.org/archivedec01/020122101.htm |archive-date = 2007-01-03 }}</ref><ref name=SOMALIA-WARLORDS-LAY-DOWN-WEAPONS>{{cite web |title = Somalia: Warlords lay down weapons |url = http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6756 |publisher = [[SomaliNet]] |date = 2007-01-17 |access-date = 2007-01-17 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014144024/http://www.somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/6756 |archive-date = 2008-10-14 }}</ref> Ciidanku bishii Maarso 2002 wuxuu ka koobnaa 2,010 rag ah iyo 90 dumarka ah.<ref>{{cite web |title=War Clouds Over Somalia |url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero032202.html |date=2002-03-22 |publisher=[[Middle East Report]] |access-date=2007-01-17 |archive-date=2006-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213080529/http://www.merip.org/mero/mero032202.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gadood ka dhacay bilowgii 2002.<ref>Somalia: Countering Terrorism in a Failed State, ICG Africa Report N°45, 23 May 2002, p.6</ref> ==Hoggaamiyeyaasha iyo xubnaha== * [[Abdiqasim Salad Hassan|Cabdiiqaasim Salaad Xasan]] – Madaxweyne * Jen. [[Ismail Qasim Naji|Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji]] – Taliyaha Ciidanka ([[Somali Armed Forces|Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed]]) * [[Ali Khalif Galaydh|Cali Khaliif Galaydh]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 1aad, 8 Oktoobar 2000 – 28 Oktoobar 2001 * [[Osman Jama Ali|Cusmaan Jaamac Cali]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 2aad, si kooban oo hayay xilka 28 Oktoobar – 12 Nofeembar 2002<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET"/> * [[Hassan Abshir Farah|Xasan Abshir Faarax]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 3aad, 12 Nofeembar 2002 – 8 Disembar 2003 * [[Mohamed Abdi Yusuf|Maxamed Cabdi Yuusuf]] – Ra'iisul Wasaaraha 4aad, 31 Disembar 2003 – 3 Nofeembar 2004<ref name="TNG-PRIME-MINISTER-CONCLUDES-FORMATION-OF-CABINET"/> * [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Rasack Yousuf]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Abdirahman Omar]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Mahamed Saeed]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah * [[Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar|Sheekh Ibraahim]] – Xildhibaan ka tirsan Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist|2}} === Xigashooyinka === * {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KBP7QbalX0C |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2003 |date=31 October 2002 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-85743-131-5 |editor-last=Murison |editor-first=Katharine |chapter=Somalia}} 4scwp5csoieffv2s5xh0syikrn6agqq Dowladdii Ku meel gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya 0 53638 312214 310762 2026-11-11T01:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Dowladdii Ku meel gaarka ahayd ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | flag_alt = Calanka Soomaaliya | flag = Flag of Somalia | image_coat = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | common_languages = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]{{·}}[[Arabic language|Carabi]]{{·}}[[Italian language|Talyaani]] | religion = [[Sunni Islam|Islam Sunni]] | anthem = [[National anthem of Somalia (1960-2000)|Heesta calanka Soomaaliya]]{{center|[[File:Somali_National_Anthem_(1960-2000).ogg]]}} | era = Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya | status = | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Presidential system|madaxweyneynimo]] ah oo midaysan | title_leader = [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweyne]] | leader1 = [[Cali Mahdi Maxamed]] | year_leader1 = 1991-1997 | event_start = Shir caalami ah oo heerkiisu sarreeyo oo ku saabsan Soomaaliya | date_start = Janaayo | year_start = 1991 | date_end = Janaayo | year_end = 1997 | p1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya | flag_p1 = Flag of Somalia.svg | s1 = Dowladda Kumeelgaarka ah ee Soomaaliya | flag_s1 = Flag of Somalia.svg }} '''Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya''', oo uu hoggaaminayay [[Ali Mahdi Muhammad|Cali Mahdi Maxamed]], waxaa la dhisay isla markii uu [[Somali Rebellion|burburay]] maamulkii [[Somali Democratic Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]]. Laga soo bilaabo Nofeembar 1991 ilaa 1995, Cali Mahdi Maxamed wuxuu aqoonsi [[President of Somalia|Madaxweyne]] ka helay dhowr states ka dib [[Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)#1991: First attempts at reconciliation|shirkii Jabuuti ee 1991]] oo ka dhacay Jabuuti u dhexaysay 15 iyo 21 Luulyo 1991,<ref>{{cite web |author1=Annabel Lee Hogg |title=Timeline: Somalia, 1991-2008 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/12/timeline-somalia-1991-2008/307190/ |website=The Atlantic |date=22 December 2008 |access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref> Cali Mahdi waxaa loo doortay Madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Soomaaliya muddo laba sano ah, balse maadaama ay sharciyaddii ka soo baxday shirkii Jabuuti ee Cali Mahdi la siiyay darteed, dowladdiisii waxaa aqoonsaday dhowr waddan, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Djibouti|Jabuuti]], [[Egypt|Masar]], [[Italy|Talyaaniga]], iyo [[Saudi Arabia|Sacuudi Carabiya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/5267 |title=Harbinger of a new world order? |publisher=library.ubc.ca |access-date=2014-03-05 |archive-date=2026-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261022134235/https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/5267 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan awoodin in uu awooddiisa fiyo ka baxsan qaybo ka mid ah caasimadda. Awoodda waxaa taa baddalkeeda kula tartamayay hoggaamiyeyaasha kooxaha kale ee qeybta koonfureed ee dalka iyo maamullo madax-bannaan oo ka jiray waqooyiga.<ref name=SOMALIA-KEY-ACTORS>{{cite news|title=Somalia: Some key actors in the transitional process|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|date=2005-05-06|publisher=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]|access-date=2007-02-07|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193104/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/0/cd80e675a2fba86a49256ff90029df0f?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tartanka loogu jiro awoodda iyo kheyraadka ee u dhexexeeyay Maxamed iyo [[Mohamed Farrah Aidid|Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] wuxuu sii socday intii ay socdeen howlgalladii Qarammada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya ee 1992–95 ([[UNOSOM I]], [[UNOSOM II]], iyo [[UNITAF]]), ilaa geeridii Caydiid ee 1996-kii. ==Tixraacyada== {{reflist}} pcg4wf87fjrqipzw9sdqlr1tszzrtbv FK Kauno Žalgiris 0 54143 312223 311697 2026-11-11T02:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Kauno Žalgiris | image = | image_size = | fullname = Futbolo klubas Kauno Žalgiris | nickname = žalgiriečiai | founded = 2004 | ground = Dariaus ir Girėno stadionas | capacity = 15 000 | chairman = Mantas Kalnietis | manager = Željko Sopić | league = [[TOPLYGA]] | season = 2026 | position = Nr. 1 | website = https://zalgiris.lt/komandos/fk-kauno-zalgiris |pattern_la1=_hummelcoreXKjbw |pattern_b1=_hummelcoreXKjbw |pattern_ra1=_hummelcoreXKjbw |pattern_sh1=_hummelcoreXKjbw |pattern_so1=_hummel20w |leftarm1=FFFFFF |body1=FFFFFF |rightarm1=FFFFFF |shorts1=FFFFFF |socks1=FFFFFF |pattern_la2=_hummelcoreXKwb |pattern_b2=_hummelcoreXKwb |pattern_ra2=_hummelcoreXKwb |pattern_sh2=_hummelcoreXKwb |pattern_so2=_hummel20w |leftarm2=FFFFFF |body2=FFFFFF |rightarm2=FFFFFF |shorts2=FFFFFF |socks2=FFFFFF }} '''Futbolo klubas Kauno Žalgiris''', oo loo yaqaan '''FK Kauno Žalgiris''', ama si fudud '''Kauno Žalgiris''', waa naadi kubadda cagta xirfadle ah oo [[Litwaaniya]] ah oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Kaunas]]. Naadigu wuxuu ku tartamaa [[TOPLYGA]], oo ah horyaalka ugu sarreeya kubadda cagta [[Litwaaniya]]. Naadiga waxaa la aasaasay Spyris sanadkii 2004. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [https://zalgiris.lt/komandos/fk-kauno-zalgiris FK Kauno Žalgiris] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/ TOPLYGA] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] s9n4f7j6d82c50k1bjl2ypvimpwtyw4 FK Sūduva 0 54144 312224 311700 2026-11-11T02:09:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 312224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Sūduva | image = | image_size = | fullname = Football Club Sūduva | nickname = Suvalkiečiai (Sudovians) | founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|1968}} | ground = [[Marijampolės futbolo arena]] | capacity = 6,250 | chairman = [[Dovydas Lastauskas]] | manager = [[Donatas Vencevičius]] | league = [[TOPLYGA]] | season = [[2025]] | position = A lyga, 4. | website = http://fksuduva.lt/ | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = _partizani1718a | pattern_ra1 = | pattern_sh1 = _redsides | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = _sligo1617h | pattern_ra2 = | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = FF0000 | body2 = FF0000 | rightarm2 = FF0000 | shorts2 = FF0000 | socks2 = FF0000 |pattern_la3=_redshoulders |pattern_b3=_botevvratsa1819_3rd |pattern_ra3=_redshoulders |leftarm3=000000 |body3=000000 |rightarm3=000000 |shorts3=000000 |socks3=000000 }} '''Futbolo klubas Sūduva''', oo loo yaqaan '''FK Sūduva''', ama si fudud '''Sūduva''', waa naadi kubadda cagta xirfadle ah oo [[Litwaaniya]] ah oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Marijampolė]]. Naadigu wuxuu ku tartamaa [[TOPLYGA]], oo ah horyaalka ugu sarreeya kubadda cagta [[Litwaaniya]]. Naadiga waxaa la aasaasay Sūduva sanadkii 1968. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [http://fksuduva.lt/ FK Sūduva] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/ TOPLYGA] {{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] sral499czq2hftrkgwrg8lc7463f73s