Dewetsdorp

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    <title>Dewetsdorp</title>
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      <text bytes="1536" sha1="4jbh4tbunt7n6l9kt52hzdcyjyeqs5s" xml:space="preserve">'''Dewetsdorp''' ke motse wa [[Masepala sa Mohokare]], porofensing ya [[Foreistata]] ka [[Afrika Borwa]].

Dewetsdorp ke 71 km borwa bodikela la [[Bloemfontein]].

Toropo ena e ile ya thehwa, ntle le tumello ya Volksraad, ke field-cornet Jacobus de Wet, ntate wa Christiaan de Wet, e leng molaodi wa sesole (general) nakong ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Anglo-Boer. Qetellong, toropo ena e ile ya amohelwa ka molao, ya fetoha masepala, mme ya rehwa lebitso la De Wet ka selemo sa 1890. Ka Pudungwana 1900, General Christiaan de Wet o ile a atleha ho hlasela mabotho a Manyesemane a neng a le moo.

E ile ya ralwa polasing ya Kareefontein ka 1876  mme qalong e ne e bitswa ka lebitso leo. Dikopo tse ileng tsa iswa ho Volksraad ka 1876 bakeng sa ho theha motse ha dia ka tsa atleha, empa kopo e nngwe ka 1879 e ile ea lebisa ho amohelweng ha yona ka 1880 tlasa lebitso la Dewetsdorp. E ile ya fumana boemo ba masepala ka 1890. Dewetsdorp e bile sebaka sa ntwa e matla nakong ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Anglo-Boer. Ka 1927, diofisiri tse tharo di ile tsa hlokahala ha Holo ya Toropo (Town Hall) e phatloha ka mora hore e behwe bomo ke monna eya bitswang Huibrecht Jacob de Leeuw, e le boiteko ba ho pata bopaki ba hore o ne a utswitse tjhelete ya toropo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.executedtoday.com/2012/09/30/1927-huibrecht-jacob-de-leeuw-dynamiter/&lt;/ref&gt; Holo e ntjha ya Toropo, e hahilweng ka 1928, e ile ya phatlalatswa e le Sebaka sa Bohlokoa ba Lefa la Afrika Borwa ka 1995.

* Tulo: 25.77 km²
* Baahi: 9,498 (2011)


{{Xhariep DM}}

== Mehlodi ==
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  <page>
    <title>Marquard</title>
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      <text bytes="415" sha1="il1zm0u2if88u7k8bic39xf4sbzfpwu" xml:space="preserve">'''Marquard''' ke toropo e nyane ya temo profinseng ya Free State ya [[Afrika Borwa]] e sebeletsang ka leboya bophirima la Winburg. Toropo ena e ile ya thehwa ka 1905 ke mosebeletsi ya nang le tshusumetso wa Dutch Reform, JJ Marquard, ka thuso ya Christoffel Cornelis Froneman, molaodi wa Orange Free State. E ile ya thehwa polasing ya Varschfontein 'me ea fumana boemo ba masepala selemong sona seo.

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <comment>ke suntse mehlodi</comment>
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      <text bytes="825" sha1="s5cvxz6pt43dovtng6f9su5ydjp7q5y" xml:space="preserve">'''Marquard''' ke toropo e nyane ya temo profinseng ya Free State ya [[Afrika Borwa]] e sebeletsang ka leboya bophirima la Winburg. Toropo ena e ile ya thehwa ka 1905 ke mosebeletsi ya nang le tshusumetso wa Dutch Reform, JJ Marquard, ka thuso ya Christoffel Cornelis Froneman, molaodi wa Orange Free State. E ile ya thehwa polasing ya Varschfontein 'me ea fumana boemo ba masepala selemong sona seo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ruralexploration.co.za/Marquard.html&lt;/ref&gt;

Marquard e bohole ba dikhilomithara tse 169 ka botjhabela-leboya-botjhabela ho Bloemfontein, le dokhilomithara tse 45 ka borwa-bophirima ho Senekal. Toropo ena e reilwe lebitso la J J T Marquard, moruti wa Kereke ya Dutch Reformed e Winburg, ya neng a buelletse hore toropo ena e thehwe.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsfs/marquad.php&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bantustan</title>
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      <text bytes="36460" sha1="1ph97gx2lh09ocu7d5vatpcije80s1q" xml:space="preserve">[[File:South_Africa_&amp;_South_West_Africa_Bantustans_Map.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|'Mapa oa Afrika Boroa le Afrika Boroa-bophirimela (eo hona joale e leng Namibia). 'Mapa ona o bontša batho ba bantustan ba neng ba le libakeng tseo ka bobeli. 
&lt;br /&gt;'''Libaka tse sa keneng ka hara naha ea Bantustan'''{{Legend|#AEAEAE|South West Africa}}{{Legend|#8B8B8B|South Africa}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Afrika Boroa-bophirimela) '''{{Legend|#FD4756|[[Kaokoland]]}}{{Legend|#609979|[[Ovamboland]]}}{{Legend|#4E4B0D|[[Damaraland]]}}{{Legend|#901B35|[[Kavangoland]]}}{{Legend|#09A7B4|[[East Caprivi]]}}{{Legend|#43D99A|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Bushmanland]]}}{{Legend|#E4BC20|[[Hereroland]]}}{{Legend|#222560|[[Rehoboth (homeland)|Rehoboth]]}}{{Legend|#9B37F9|[[Tswanaland]]}}{{Legend|#8F6F68|[[Namaland]]}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Aforika Boroa) '''{{Legend|#FB8072|[[KwaNdebele]]}}{{Legend|#B3DE69|[[Lebowa]]}}{{Legend|#FE951F|[[Gazankulu]]}}{{Legend|#FCCDE5|[[KaNgwane]]}}{{Legend|#80B1D3|[[KwaZulu]]}}{{Legend|#CCEBC5|[[QwaQwa]]}}'''Bantustans ea boemo ba lipopi'''{{Legend|#BC80BD|[[Bophuthatswana]]}}{{Legend|#FE85CE|[[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]}}{{Legend|#8AFE9D|[[Transkei]]}}{{Legend|#FED121|[[Ciskei]]}}]]
 
'''Bantustan''' (e neng e bo etse e tsejwa e le lehae la batho ba batsho kapa naha ya (batho ba batsho) e ne e le sebaka seo puso ya National Party ya Union of South Africa (1910–1961) le ha morao Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) e ileng ya se behela ka thoko bakeng sa baahi ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa le South West Africa (eo hona jwale e leng Namibia), e le karolo ya leano la yona la kgethollo ya morabe (apartheid).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan&lt;/ref&gt;

Lereo lena, le ileng la qala ho sebediswa mafelong a dilemo tsa bo-1940 le entwse ka ho kopanya lentswe &quot;Bantu&quot; (le bolelang &quot;batho&quot; ka dipuo tse ding tsa Se-Bantu) le &quot;-stan&quot; (e leng karolo ya lentswe le bolelang &quot;naha&quot; ka Se-Persian le di puong tse ding tse susumetswang ke Se-Persian). Ha morao, le ile la nkwa e le lentswe le nyelisang ke bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba mehopolo ya 'mmuso wa nako eo ya  kgethollo ya morabe (apartheid) mabapi le dibaka tse bitswang &quot;homelands&quot; (dibaka tsa bodulo ba merabe e itseng). 'Mmuso wa Pretoria(pitoria) o ile wa theha dibaka tse leshome tsa &quot;Bantustan&quot; Afrika Borwa, le tse ding tse leshome naheng e haufi ya South West Africa (e neng e laolwa ke Afrika Borwa ka nako eo); sepheo e ne e le ho bokella ditho.

Mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore di-bantustans tse nnè tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di ikemetse - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei (tse bitswang &quot;Dinaha tsa TBVC&quot;), empa phatlalatso ena ha ya ka ya e-ba ya ananelwa ke mabotho a kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe Afrika Borwa kapa ke mmuso ofe kapa ofe wa matjhaba. Ba bang ba Bantustans (jwalo ka KwaZulu, Leboya le [[QwaQwa]]) ba ile ba fuwa &quot;boipuso&quot; empa ha ho mohla ba ileng ba fuwa &quot;tokoloho&quot;. Afrika Borwa-bophirimela, Ovamboland, Kavangoland le East Caprivi di ile tsa phatlalatswa e le dibaka tse ikemetseng, mme dinaha tse ding tse seng kae tse bonahalang e le tsa habo tsona ha dia ka tsa fuwa boipuso. Molao-theo wa nakwana o ile wa fedisa Bantustans ka ho feletseng ka ho fediswa ha kgethollo ya merabe was Afrika Borwa ka selemo sa 1994.

== Pōpo ==
[[File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif|right|thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika Borwa wa merabe le baahi o phatlaladitsweng ke CIA ka selemo sa  1979 o nang le dintlha tse tswang ho palo ya batho ya Afrika Borwa ya selemo. ]]
Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1913, mebuso e latellanang ya Afrika Borwa e neng e buswa ke batho ba mmala ba fokolang palo, e ile ya theha dibaka tse khethehileng (tseo ho thweng ke &quot;reserves&quot;) bakeng sa batho ba batšho e le ho ba arola ka morabe ho batho ba mmala; sena se ne se tšhwana le ho thehwa ha dibaka tse khethehileng tsa Matswalla a Amerika (Indian reservations) naheng ya United States. Molao wa Naha wa Matswallwa (Natives Land Act) oa 1913 o ile wa lekanyetsa batho ba batšho ho ba le karolo ya 7 lekholong feela la naha. Ka 1936, 'mmuso o ile wa rera ho eketsa karolo ena ho fihla ho 13.6 lekholong la naha, empa tshebetso ya ho reka mobu e ile ya dieha 'mme morero ona ha wa ka wa phethahatswa ka botlalo.

Ha [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokha oa Sechaba]] o fihla pusong ka 1948, Letona la ditaba tsa Baahi (le kamorao Letona-Kholo la Afrika Borwa) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd o ile a haha ho tswa ho sena, a hlahisa letoto la mehato ya &quot;ho khetholla batho ho tloha ho merabe e meng&quot; jwalo ka Group Areas Acts le Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 e ileng ya fetola sechaba sa Afrika Borwa hore ba bammala e be bongata ba baahi. Ho thehwa ha dinaha tsa habo kapa li-bantustans e ne e le karolo ya bohlokwa ya leano lena, kaha sepheo sa nako e telele e ne e tla ba ho etsa hore li-bantustan li ikemele. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba batšho ba ne ba tla lahlehelwa ke baahi ba bona ba Afrika Borwa le tokelo ya ho vouta, e leng se neng se tla dumella bammala hore ba dule ba laola Afrika Borwa.

Dipampiri tsa Ditaba di rehile morero oa Mokha oa Nationalist lebitso la &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Lentsoe lena le kopaneng le fosahetse haholo ka litsela tse ngata. Le amana le karohano ea India—kamora hore Borithane ba tsamaee ka ho hloka boikemisetso, 'me e le e 'ngoe ea maemo a ts'ebetso eo—likarolong tse peli tse ikemetseng: Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na papiso ea 'nete le litlhahiso tsa Mokha oa Nationalist, hobane (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse arohaneng ka botlalo le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a na le litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a na le litokelo tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea hlahisoa le ho amoheloa ke mahlakore ka bobeli, kapa bonyane ke lihlopha tse kholo le tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona. Merero ea 'Muso ha e rerelle ho arola naha ena likarolong tse ikemetseng le tse ipusang. Ha e rerelle ho fana ka litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, ho batho ba batšo ba lulang ka ntle ho libaka tse khethiloeng (li-reserve). Karohano ha ea ka ea amoheloa le ka mohla ke batho ba batšo, 'me e ke ke ea amoheloa le ka mohla. Ebile, ha ea ka ea hlahisoa kapa ea amoheloa ka botlalo ke batho ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka botlalo, 'me le mpa le thusa feela Mokha oa Nationalist ho phethahatsa bolotsana.

: &lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;Likoranta li ile tsa re morero oa Ba-Nationalist ke &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Ka litsela tse ngata lentsoe leo le khelosa haholo. E amana le ho aroloa ha India, ka mor'a ho tloha ha Brithani ka ho se tsotelle, le e le boemo ba eona, ho ba linaha tse peli tse arohaneng, Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na ho tšoana ha sebele le litlhahiso tsa Machaba, kaha (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a thabela litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a thabela litšoaneleho tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea fanoa le ho amoheloa ke mekha ka bobeli, kapa bonyane likarolo tse ngata tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Merero ea 'Muso ha e nahane ka ho arola naha ena ka linaha tse ikemetseng. Ha li na litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo leha e le life, bakeng sa Maafrika a ka ntle ho libaka tsa polokelo. Ho arohana ha naha ha ho mohla ho kileng ha amoheloa ke Maafrika ebile ho ke ke ha e-ba joalo. Tabeng eo ha ho mohla e kileng ea fetisetsoa kapa ea amoheloa ke ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka ho felletseng, mme le tloaetse feela ho thusa ba Bosetšhaba ho etsa bolotsana. 

Verwoerd o ile a pheha khang ea hore Mabantustans e ne e le &quot;malapeng a pele&quot; a batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Ka 1951, 'muso oa Daniel François Malan o ile oa hlahisa Molao oa Batho ba Banthu ho theha &quot;machaba&quot; a abetsoeng merabe e ntšo ea naha eo. Tsena li ne li lekana le 13% ea naha ea naha, 'me tse ling kaofela li ne li boloketsoe batho ba basoeu. Machaba a ne a busoa ke baeta-pele ba meloko ba sebelisanang, ha baeta-pe ba sa sebelisaneng ba ne ba tlosoa ka matla. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha se busang sa batho ba batšo se neng se thahasella ho sireletsa naha ea habo sona. Le hoja sena se ile sa thusa ho tsitsisa lipolotiki tsa linaha tsa habo bona ka tekanyo e itseng, boemo ba bona bo ne bo ntse bo itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka tšehetso ea Afrika Boroa.&lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;

Karolo ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands*) e ile ea atolosoa ka 1959 ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Puso ea Boipuso ba Batho ba Batšo (*Bantu Self-Government Act*), o ileng oa theha moralo o bitsoang &quot;Ntlafatso e Arohaneng&quot; (*Separate Development*). Sena se ile sa nolofalletsa libaka tsena ho itlhahisa ha nako e ntse e ea e le libaka tse ipusang, 'me qetellong e le linaha tse nkiloeng e le tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot; ka botlalo.

Ts'ebetso ena e ne e lokela ho finyelloa ka mehato e mene e meholo bakeng sa naha ka 'ngoe:

* Ho kopanya dibaka tsa polokelo tse behilweng ka thoko bakeng sa &quot;ditso&quot; tse sa tshwaneng (tse bitswang &quot;ditjhaba&quot; ka molao ho tloha ka selemo sa 1959) tlasa &quot;Bolaodi bo le bong ba Teritoriale&quot;
* Ho thehwa ha lekghotla la molao bakeng sa naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo e nang le matla a fokolang a ho ipusa
* Ho thehoa ha naha ya habo e le &quot;sebaka se ikemetseng&quot;
* Ho fana ka boipuso bo feletseng ba lebitso la naha ea habo

Ka kakaretso, ha ho mohla ho neng ho lateloa moralo ona ka tsela e hlakileng, empa hangata ho ne ho etswa mehato e mengata e bohareng le e fetang e le nngwwe.

Naha ya habo Transkei e ile ea sebetsa ka ditsela tse ngata e le &quot;sebaka sa teko&quot; bakeng sa maano a khethollo ea merabe; nts'etsopele ea eona ea mekhatlo e qalile pele ho molao wa selemo sa 1959, mme ka hona ho fihlella ha eona boipuso le boipuso ho ile ha kenngoa tshebetsong pele ho linaha tse ding tsa habo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780444862419501020&lt;/ref&gt;

Morero ona o ile oa matlafatsoa tlas'a mohlahlami oa Verwoerd e le tonakholo, John Vorster, e le karolo ea mokhoa oa hae oa &quot;ho hlasimoloha&quot; oa khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa 'nete sa leano lena e ne e le ho phethahatsa morero oa pele oa Verwoerd oa ho etsa hore batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e be baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona ho fapana le ba Afrika Boroa - ka hona ho tlosa litokelo tse fokolang tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona e le baahi. Linaha tsa habo bona li ile tsa khothalletsoa ho khetha boipuso, kaha sena se ne se tla fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea ho theha moralo oa molao oa morero ona e phethiloe ke Molao oa Boahi ba Linaha tsa Batho ba Batšo oa 1970, o ileng oa khetha Maafrika Boroa ohle a batšo e le baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona, leha ba ne ba lula &quot;Afrika Boroa e tšoeu&quot;, 'me oa hlakola boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa, le Molao oa Molao oa Motheo oa Linaha tsa Batho oa 1971, o faneng ka moralo o akaretsang oa mekhahlelo ea nts'etsopele ea molao oa motheo oa linaha tsohle tsa habo bona (ntle le Transkei) ho tloha ho thehoeng ha Bolaoli ba Libaka ho fihlela boipusong bo felletseng.

Ka selemo sa 1984, dinaha tsohle tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa di ne di se li ikemetse mme tse mnè tsa tsona (Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei) li ne li phatlalalitsoe ka botlalo pakeng tsa selemo sa  1976 le 1981.

Tafole e latelang e bontsha nako ya tswelo-pele ea litsi le ea molao ea Bantustans tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa ho latela mehato e mene e ka hodimo e boletsweng:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Naha ea habo
!Setjhaba/Sechaba
!Bolaoli ba tšimo&lt;br /&gt;
!Seboka sa Molao&lt;br /&gt;
!Boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Ho se ikarabelle ka lebitso&lt;br /&gt;
!Litokomane
|-
|Transkei
|Sesotho
|1956
|1963
|1963
|1976
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly existed since 1931 under the name &quot;United Transkeian Territories General Council&quot;.[12]
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|Tswana
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1977
|The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[17]
|-
|Venda
|Venda
|1962
|1971
|1973
|1979
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[22]
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|Sesotho
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1981
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly previously existed from 1934[27] to 1955[28] under the name &quot;Ciskeian General Council&quot;.The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[29]
|-
|Lebowa
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1962
|1971
|1972
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[33]
|-
|Gazankulu
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1962
|1971
|1973
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[38]
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1969
|1971
|1974
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaZulu
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1970
|1972
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaNdebele
|Ndebele
|1977
|1979
|1981
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KaNgwane
|Seswazi
|1976
|1977
|1984
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The homeland status was temporarily suspended between June and December 1982.[52]
|}
IKa nako e tšoanang le ho theoa ha libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands* kapa *Bantustans*), baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ba ile ba qobelloa ho kenya letsoho lenaneong le leholo la ho fallisoa ka likhoka. Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba limilione tse 3.5 ba ile ba qobelloa ho tloha mahaeng a bona pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1960 le bo-1980, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba isoa libakeng tsa *Bantustans*.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica-info.com/history/provinces-homelands-south-africa-1996/&lt;/ref&gt;

mMuso o ile wa hlakisa hore sepheo sa oona sa ho qetela e ne e le ho tlosa batho ba batsho Afrika Boroa ka ho feletseng. Connie Mulder, Letona la Dikamano le Ntsshetsopele ya Batho ba Bangata, o ile a bolella Ntlo ea Kopano ka la 7 Hlakola  1978:
 
Empa morero ona ha oa ka oa finyelloa. Ke karolo e nyane feela (e ka bang 39% ka 1986 ) ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e neng e lula Bantustans; ba setseng ba ne ba lula Afrika Boroa ka boeona, ba bangata ba lula litoropo, litoropong tsa mahaeng le libakeng tse tlase tse ka ntle ho metse ea Afrika Boroa.

== Ho amoheloa ha machabeng ==
Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ka hare ho meeli ea Afrika Boroa li ne li khetholloa e le tse &quot;ipusang&quot; kapa tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot;. Ka khopolo, libaka tsa Bantustan tse ipusang li ne li e-na le taolo holim'a likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ka hare, empa li ne li e-so be lichaba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ikemetseng (e leng Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei; tse tsejoang hape e le linaha tsa TBVC) li ne li reretsoe ho ba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tsena li ne li sa hlokomeloa haholo ke mebuso ea bokolone hammoho le mebuso ea hamorao ea Afrika Boroa, 'me li ne li ntse li sa tsoela pele ho hang. Boemo bona bo ile ba fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba linaha tsena ba ho ipusa, 'me ba etsa hore li itšetlehe haholo ka 'muso oa Afrika Boroa.

Ho pholletsa le boteng ba Ma-Bantustan a ikemetseng, Afrika Boroa e ile ea lula e le eona feela naha e ananelang boipuso ba bona. 'Muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso ba hore ba ananeloe. Ka 1976, ho isa qetong ea Ntlo ea Baemeli ea United States e khothalletsang Mopresidente hore a se ke a ananela Transkei, 'muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso bo matla ho baetsi ba molao ho hanyetsa molao ona.[1] Matšoao a mohala oa seea-le-moea a sa amoheloeng a ile a etsoa bakeng sa linaha tse ikemetseng 'me likarete tsa QSL li ile tsa romelloa ke basebetsi ba li sebelisang, empa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipuisano ha oa ka oa amohela liteishene tsena e le tse molaong.[2] Naha ka 'ngoe ea TBVC e ile ea atolosa kananelo ho Ma-Bantustan a mang a ikemetseng ha Afrika Boroa e bontša boitlamo ba eona khopolong ea boipuso ba TBVC ka ho haha ​​​​maemeli metseng e meholo ea TBVC.

== Bophelo ba Bantustans ==
Ka kakaretso, libaka tsa Bantustan li ne li futanehile 'me li e-na le menyetla e fokolang ea mesebetsi ea sebakeng seo.[1] Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le menyetla e meng ea tsoelo-pele bakeng sa batho ba batšo, hape ho ile ha e-ba le tsoelo-pele thutong le meralong ea motheo.[2] Libaka tse 'nè tsa Bantustan tse ileng tsa fumana boipuso ba lebitso feela (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei) li ile tsa hlakola melao eohle ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).

Melao yaa Bantustans e ne e fapane le ya Afrika Boroa. Sehlopha sa Afrika Boroa se ne se atisa ho sebelisa meeli ena hampe, mohlala ka ho haha di-casino tse kholo, joalo ka Sun City naheng ea habo Bophuthatswana. 

yaBophuthatswana e ne e boetse e na le di-depositi tsa platinamo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, tse ileng tsa e etsa morui ka ho fetisisa ho Bantustans. 

== Lintho tse ileng tsa etsahala hamorao ==
Ka Pherekhong 1985, Mopresidente oa Naha P. W. Botha o ile a phatlalatsa hore batho ba batšo ba lulang ka hare ho naha ea Afrika Boroa ba ke ke ba hlola ba amohuoa boahi ba Afrika Boroa molemong oa boahi ba li-Bantustan, le hore baahi ba batšo ba lulang li-Bantustan tse ikemetseng ba ka etsa kopo hape ea ho fumana boahi ba Afrika Boroa; nakong ea likhetho tsa naha tsa 1987, F. W. de Klerk o ile a bua lebitsong la National Party a re: &quot;Boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho thibela phallo [ea basebetsi ba batšo] ba kenang libakeng tsa litoropo bo hlolehile. Ha ho na thuso ho iphetisa ka taba ena. Moruo o hloka hore bongata ba batho ba batšo bo lule ka ho sa feleng libakeng tsa litoropo... Ba ke ke ba lula Afrika Boroa selemo le selemo ba se na boemeli ba lipolotiki.&quot;[1] Ka Hlakubele 1990, de Klerk—ea ileng a hlahlama Botha joaloka Mopresidente oa Naha ka 1989—o ile a phatlalatsa hore mmuso oa hae o ke ke oa fana ka boipuso ho li-Bantustan tse ding hape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.972mag.com/apartheid-bantustans-palestinian-statehood/&lt;/ref&gt;

Leha ho le jwalo, dipolelo tsena ha lia ka tsa bolelwa e le ho hana tsamaiso ea Bantustan ka kakaretso: sepheo sa puso ya kgethollo ea merabe nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea bo-1980 e ne e le ho &quot;matlafatsa&quot; moralo oa mokhatlo wa khethollo ea morabe ha o ntse o siea melao-motheo ea oona ea motheo, ho kenyeletsoa le linaha tsa habo bona, e sa fetohe.

Mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho amohela boteng bo sa feleng ba batho ba batšo libakeng tsa litoropo, hammoho le ho hlokomela hore mekhoa e neng e le matla haholo ea pele ea ho laola phallo ea batho (eo joale e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e bonolo haholoanyane) e ne e ke ke ea sebetsa; ho sa buuoa le ka taba ea hore ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho falla le ho isa batho bohle ba batšo libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa merabe ea bona (li-&quot;homelands&quot;), esita le nakong e telele e tlang. Mmuso o ne o tšepile ho khutsisa baahi ba batšo ba litoropong ka ho rala meralo e fapaneng ea ho ba fa litokelo tse lekanyelitsoeng maemong a lehae (empa e seng maemong a holimo a puso). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa bolulo litoropong (le mahaeng) li ile tsa lula li arohantsoe ho latela morabe, ho ea ka Molao oa Libaka tsa Merabe (Group Areas Act).

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batšo (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho ile ha boela ha nahanoa ka hara mekgatlo ea [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokga wa Setjhaba]] o busang ho theha mekhatlo e eketsehileng e ikemetseng ea lebitso libakeng tsa litoropo ka mokhoa oa &quot;metse-motse&quot; e ikemetseng e ntsho.

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batsho (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho tloha ka 1990 ho isa ho 1994, mehopolo ena ea &quot;mokhatlo oa linaha tse ikemetseng&quot; (confederation) e ne e ntse e tšehetsoa ka molao-motheo ke likarolo tse kholo tsa National Party (hammoho le mekha e meng le lihlopha tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu ba nang le maikutlo a tokoloho), empa motheo oa eona o neng o thehiloe pepenene khethollong ea morabe o ile oa qala ho fela butle-butle nakong ea lipuisano tsa ho felisa apartheid, 'me tlhokomelo ea fetoha ho sireletseng &quot;litokelo tsa lihlopha tse nyane&quot; (haholo-holo baahi ba basoeu) ka mor'a hore ho lebelletsoe ho fetisetsoa ha matla ho bongata ba batho ba batšo. Merero ea tsamaiso ea federal (federalist plans) e ile ea boela ea fumana tšehetso ho mebuso le mekha e meng ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (li-homeland), haholo-holo Inkatha Freedom Party, e neng e le mokha o busang KwaZulu. Empa kaha haholo-holo African National Congress e ile ea hlakisa hore melao-motheo ea &quot; motho a le mong - voutu e le 'ngoe&quot; le ea naha e kopaneng (unitary state) e ne e sa buisanoe ka eona, qetellong merero ea mofuta oa confederation e ile ea lahloa. Ka lebaka la sena, Inkatha Freedom Party e ile ea sokela ho hana ho nka karolo likhethong tsa naha tsa Mmesa 1994 tse ileng tsa felisa apartheid, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho nka karolo motsotsong oa ho qetela feela ka mor'a hore ho etsoe litumellano tse ba khotsofatsang, hammoho le ho National Party e neng e ntse e busa le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu.[1]

Nakong e lebisitseng dikeethong tsa 1994, baetapele ba mmaloa linaheng tse ikemetseng le tse ikemetseng (mohlala Boputhatswana), ba neng ba sa batle ho tela matla a bona, ba ile ba hanyetsa ka matla ho qhaqhoa ha Bantustans mme, ka ho etsa joalo, ba fumana tšehetso ho tsoa mekhatlong e tšoeu ea ho loka, likarolo tsa sesole sa naha sa apartheid le lihlopha tse matla tsa pro-apartheid tse kang Afrikaner Weerstands movement.

== Ho qhibiliha ==
Ka ho oa ha puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) Afrika Boroa ka 1994, libaka tsohle tsa Bantustan (e leng tse neng li nkuoa li ikemetse le tse neng li ipusa) li ile tsa qhaloa 'me libaka tsa tsona tsa khutlisetsoa ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa ho qala ka la 27 Mmesa 1994 (e leng letsatsi leo ka lona Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho, o ileng oa felisa khethollo ea morabe ka molao, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa le moo likhetho tsa pele tsa demokrasi li ileng tsa qala teng) ho latela karolo ea 1(2) le Lenane la 1 la Molao-motheo oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, 1993 (&quot;Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho&quot;).[1]

Bohato ba ho finyella sena bo ile ba etelletsoa pele ke [[African National Congress]] (ANC) e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lenaneo la eona la liphetoho. Ho kenngoa hape ho ile ha finyelloa ka tsela e nang le khotso, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khanyetso e itseng ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa batho ba moo, ba ileng ba lahleheloa ke menyetla ea leruo le matla a lipolotiki a fanoang ke linaha tsa habo bona. Ho qhaqhoa ha linaha tsa Bophuthatswana le Ciskei ho ne ho le thata haholo. Ciskei, mabotho a tšireletso a Afrika Boroa a ile a tlameha ho kenella ka March 1994 ho felisa koluoa ea dipolotiki.

Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994, likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li ile tsa aroloa bocha ka molao-motheo [[Diporofensi tsa Afrika Borwa|liprofinse]] tse ncha.

Leha ho le joalo, baetapele ba bangata ba libaka tseo ho thoeng ke 'Bantustans' kapa 'Homelands' (libaka tse neng li behiloe ka thoko bakeng sa batho ba batšo nakong ea khethollo ea morabe) ba bile le karolo lipolotiking tsa Afrika Boroa ho tloha ha libaka tseo li qhaloa. Ba bang ba ile ba kenya mekhatlo ea bona likhethong tsa pele tse neng li sa khetholle ka morabe, ha ba bang ba ile ba ikopanya le mokhatlo oa ANC. Mangosuthu Buthelezi e ne e le Tonakholo ea sebaka sa habo sa KwaZulu ho tloha ka 1976 ho isa ho 1994. Afrika Boroa ea kamora nako ea khethollo ea morabe, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa Inkatha Freedom Party le Letona la Litaba tsa Lehae. Bantubonke Holomisa, eo e neng e le general sebakeng sa Transkei ho tloha ka 1987, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Democratic Movement ho tloha ka 1997. General Constand Viljoen, e leng Mo-Afrikaner ea neng a sebeletsa e le molaoli oa Sesole sa Afrika Boroa (South African Defence Force), o ile a romela masole a hae a ka bang 1,500 ho ea sireletsa Lucas Mangope le ho hanyetsa ho felisoa ha Bophuthatswana e le sebaka se ikemetseng ka 1994. O ile a theha mokhatlo oa Freedom Front ka 1994. Lucas Mangope, eo e neng e le moetapele oa morabe oa Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane oa batho ba Tswana le hlooho ea Bophuthatswana, ke mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Christian Democratic Party, e leng mokhatlo o nkoang e le tsoelo-pele ea mokhatlo o neng o busa sebaka seo sa habo. Oupa Gqozo, e leng moetapele oa ho qetela oa Ciskei, o ile a kenya mokhatlo oa hae oa African Democratic Movement likhethong tsa 1994 empa a sa atleha. Mokhatlo oa Dikwankwetla, o neng o busa Qwaqwa, o ntse o e-na le tšusumetso khanseleng ea Maluti a Phofung moo e leng mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bohanyetsi. Mokhatlo oa Ximoko, o neng o busa Gazankulu, o na le boteng pusong ea lehae ea Giyani. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, eo e neng e le Tonakholo ea KwaNdebele, George Mahlangu, le ba bang ba ile ba theha mokhatlo oa Sindawonye Progressive Party, e leng o mong oa mekhatlo e meholo ea bohanyetsi ho la Thembisile Hani Local Municipality le Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality (dibaka tse akaretsang sebaka seo e neng e le 'homeland' pele).

== Lethathamo la Bantustans ==

=== Ba-bantustane Afrika Borwa ===
[[File:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|mMapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batšo Afrika Boroa qetellong ea khethollo ea merabe ka 1994]]
Dinaha tsa habo tsona di thathamisitsoe ka tlase le sehlopha sa merabe seo naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo eona e khethiloeng ho sona. Tse 'nè li ne li ikemetse ka lebitso (tse bitswang linaha tsa TBVC tsa Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei). Tse ding tse tsheletseng di ne di e-na le boipuso bo fokolang:

==== Litaba tsa lipopi ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Sehlopha sa batho
!Lilemo tsa boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Lilemo tsa boipuso tse boletsoeng&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Transkei
|Umtata
|Sesotho
|1963[1]–1976
|1976
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|
|Tswana
|1972[4]–1977
|1977
|-
|Venda
|
|Venda
|1973[6]–1979
|1979
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|
|Sesotho
|1972[8]–1981
|1981
|}

==== Mekgatlo e ikemetseng ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Setjhaba
!Lilemo
|-
|Lebowa
|[[Lebowakgomo]] (1974-1994) Sesego (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1974) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1974)
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1972
|-
|Gazankulu
|[[Giyani]]
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1973
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Phuthaditjhaba]] (ho fihlela ka 1974 e ne e bitsoa Witsieshoek) (until 1974 called Witsieshoek)
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1974
|-
|KwaZulu
|Ulundi (1980-1994) Nongoma (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1980)
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1977
|-
|KwaNdebele
|KwaMhlanga (1986-1994) Siyabuswa (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1986) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1986)
|Ndebele
|1981
|-
|KaNgwane
|Louieville Schoemansdal (ka nakoana, ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until the mid-1980s)
|Seswazi
|1984
|}
Bantustan ea pele e ne e le Transkei, e etelletsweng pele ke Moemphera e Moholo Daliwonga Matanzima Profinseng ea Cape bakeng sa setjhaba sa Xhosa. KwaZulu, e leng sechaba sa MaZulu se Profinse ea Natal, se ne se etelletswe pele ke setho sa Lelapa la borena la Mazulu hlooho Mangosuthu (&quot;Gatsha&quot;) Buthelezi ka lebitso la morena wa MaZulu.

[[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]] (eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le Swaziland) e ne e se batho ba Bantustans; e ne e le dinaha tse ikemetseng le tse neng di le mebuso ea Brithani. Dinaha tsena di pota-potilwe haholo-holo kapa ka ho feletseng ke naha ya Afrika Borwa mme di itshetlehile ka ho feletseng ka Afrika Borwa. Ha ho mohla ba kileng ba itshetleha ka dipolotiki ka tsela ea molao ka Afrika Borwa mme ba ile ba amohelwa e le linaha tse ikemetseng ke sechaba sa matjhaba ho tloha ha ba fuwa boipuso ba bona ke UK ka bo-1960.

=== Ba-Bantustane Afrika BorWa-bophirimela ===

==== Matjhaba ====
 
[[File:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg|thumb|'Mmapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho tsa [[Namibia]] ho tloha ka 1978]]
Lilemong tsa bo-1960, Afrika Borwa—e neng e laola South West Africa tlas’a taelo ea Mokhatlo oa Lichaba (League of Nations)—e ile ea tobana le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea machaba mabapi le puso ea eona ea batho ba basoeu (ba neng ba le mmalonyana) holim’a bongata ba batho ba batšo. Tharollo eo Afrika Borwa e neng e e rerile—e leng Moralo oa Odendaal—e ne e le ho arola batho ba basoeu le bao e seng basoeu, ho fa libaka tsa batho ba batšo tse arohaneng boipuso, e le hore ka tsela eo, batho ba basoeu e be bona ba bangata karolong e kholo e setseng ea naha. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ka ho arola lihlopha tsa merabe le ho qobella batho ka molao hore ba lule libakeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa bona, khethollo ea morabe e ne e tla nyamela ka boeona.Moralo oa Odendaal o ile oa bululeloa, karolong e 'ngoe, ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho (anthropologists) tsa Afrika Borwa.

Dibaka tse neng li khethiloe li ne li bitsoa ''li-bantustans'', 'me karolo e setseng ea naha e ne e bitsoa Police Zone. Ka mor'a moo, batho bohle bao e seng ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa sebakeng sa mapolesa ba ile ba fetoha ''basebetsi ba bajaki'', 'me ho ile ha thehoa melao ea ho fetisetsa mokhatlo oa mapolesa ho ea le ho tsoa bantustans. 

Sebaka se kopaneng sa batho bohle ba bantustan se ne se lekana le sebaka sa mapolesa. Leha ho le jwalo, batho bohle ba bantustans ba ne ba le mahaeng haholo mme ba sa kenyeletswe metseng e meholo. Dikou tsohle, boholo ba marang-rang a terene le meralo ea ditsela e nang le tarred, boema-fofane bohle bo boholo, libaka tse ruisang haholo tsa taemane le dirapeng tsa boikgathollo tsa naha di ne di le sebakeng sa Sepolesa.

Ho qala ka selemo sa 1968,ho latela likhothaletso tsa 1964 tse tsoang ho khomishene e neng e etelletsoe pele ke Fox Odendaal, ho ile ha theooa libaka tse leshome tsa bolulo ba merabe (tse tsejoang e le *homelands*) tse tšoanang le tse neng li le Afrika Boroa, sebakeng sa South West Africa (eo kajeno e leng Namibia). Lentswe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ha le nepahale hantle tabeng ena, kaha a mang a merabe e amehang e ne e le ea batho ba Khoisan, e seng ba Bantu, mme boemo ba batho ba Rehoboth Basters bo ne bo rarahane. Hara dibaka tsena tse leshome tsa bodulo ba merabe tsa South West Africa, ke tse tharo feela tse ileng tsa fuoa boipuso (bo tshwanang le ba li-Bantustan tsa Afrika Borwa) pakeng tsa 1973 le 1976.

==== Mekhatlo e Ts'oanang ====
Ka Phupu 1980, tsamaiso e ile ea fetoloa ho ba ea mebuso e arohaneng (&quot;makala a emelang batho&quot;) e sebetsang joalo ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa boemo ba bobeli (tse ikarabellang litabeng tse kang kabo ea mobu, temo, thuto ho fihlela boemong ba koetliso ea matichere a likolo tsa mathomo, litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, hammoho le litšebeletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba le penshene) ho latela morabe feela, eseng libaka tse hlalositsoeng ka meeli ea sebaka. Ho latela meaho ea tsamaiso e neng e se e ntse e le teng ho tloha ka 1925 le 1962, ho ile ha theoa makala a emelang batho bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba basoeu[2] le ba Coloured[3]. Ha ho na makala a joalo a emelang batho a ileng a theoa bakeng sa batho ba merabe ea Himba le San (ba lulang haholo libakeng tseo e neng e le mahae a bona a khale a Kaokoland le Bushmanland).

Mebuso ena ea boemo ba bobeli e thehiloeng merabeng e ile ea emisoa tšebetsong ka Mots'eanong 1989, qalong ea nako ea phetoho e lebisang boipusong, 'me ea hlakoloa ka molao ka la 21 Hlakubele 1990 (letsatsi leo Namibia e ileng ea fumana boipuso ka lona) ho latela Lenane la 8 la Molao-motheo oa Namibia.[1] Ba-Baster ba ile ba leka ka matla empa ba hlōleha ho boloka boemo ba boipuso ba Rehoboth—e leng sebaka se neng se e-na le boipuso nakong ea puso ea Jeremane—hammoho le Basterland. Sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan ea East Caprivi, batho ba tšehetsang boipuso ba sechaba sa Lozi ba ile ba qala boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho loantša 'muso ka 1999, ba batla ho ikarola ho Namibia le ho fumana boipuso.

Naha e libakeng tsa Bantustan e ile ea oela mmusong oa Namibia, 'me kajeno e bitsoa &quot;Lifapha tsa Sechaba&quot;.

==== Matjhaba (ho fihlela 1980) / Baemeli ba 'Muso (1980-1989/1990) ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo 
!Boholo ba moloko o emeloang
!Lekhotla la Molao le thehiloe
!Boipuso
!Lilemo tsa Bolaoli bo Ikemetseng
|-
|Linaha tsa Ovamboland
|Likhomo tsa limela
|Ovambo
|1968
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Kavangoland
|Rundu
|Kavango
|1970
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Bochabela ba Caprivi
|Katima Mulilo
|Lozi
|1972
|1976
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Namaland|Naha ea Namaland]]
|Keetmanshoop
|Nama
|1976
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Rehoboth
|Rehoboth
|Baster
|1977
|—
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Damaraland
|Li-Welwitschia
|Damara
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Hereroland]]
|Okakarara
|Herero
|—
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Tswanaland]]
|Li-aminois
|Tswana
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Naha ea Bushman]]
|Tsumkwe
|San
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|-
|Kaokoland
|Ohopoho
|Himba
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|}

== Tshebediso maemong a seng Afrika Borwa ==
Lentswe &quot;bantustan&quot; le fetohile lentswe le akaretsang ho supa ka kutlwisiso e nyatsang sebaka sefe kapa sefe moo batho ba qobellwang ho phela ntle le ditokelo tse felletseng tsa setjhaba le dipolotiki. 

=== Palestina ===
Botjhabela bo Hare, dibaka tsa Mapalestina tse ka hare ho West Bank le Gaza Strip hangata li hlalosoa e le &quot;bantustans&quot; ke ba nyatsang maano a Iseraele libakeng tsa Mapalestina.[1] Lentsoe lena le sebelisoa ho bolela libaka tse reriloeng West Bank bakeng sa Mapalestina tlas'a litlhahiso tse fapaneng tse etelletsoeng pele ke U.S. le Iseraele ho rarolla khohlano lipakeng tsa Iseraele le Palestina, kapa ho bolela &quot;lihlekehleke&quot; tse 165 tse seng li ntse li le teng—tse ileng tsa hlaha ka molao e le Libaka tsa A le B tlas'a Tumellano ea Oslo II ea 1995. Merero ea khotso ea Iseraele le U.S.—ho kenyeletsoa Morero oa Allon, morero oa Drobles oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Zionist, morero oa Menachem Begin, morero oa Benjamin Netanyahu oa &quot;Allon Plus&quot;, Seboka sa Camp David sa 2000, le pono ea Sharon ea naha ea Palestina—li ile tsa sisinya hore ho be le libaka tse arohaneng (tse kang li-enclave),[108][109] joalo ka ha morero oa khotso oa Trump oa 2020 le oona o entse. Sena se ile sa nyatsoa e le &quot;khetho ea Bantustan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebakeng sa subcontinent ea India, mmuso oa Sinhalese oa Sri Lanka o qositsoe ka ho fetola libaka tsa batho ba merabe ea Tamil hore e be &quot;li-bantustan&quot;.[1] Lentsoe lena le boetse le sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo ba batho ba sehlopha sa Dalit naheng ea India.

[[Nigeria]], mobishopo wa K'hatholike Matthew Hassan Kukah o bua ka boroa ba Kaduna State e le &quot;Bantustan e lenngwe e kgolo ea tlhokomeliso ea mmuso&quot;.

[[Canada]] le [[United States|Dinaheng tse Kppaneng tsa Amerikas]], dibaka tsa polokelo ea Maindia le libaka tsa poloko ea Maindie hangata li bapisoa le Bantustans ka lebaka la kamano e arolelanoeng lipakeng tsa ditsheebetso tsa khethollo ea merabe ya linaha tseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Bona hape ==

* Letswai
* Dihlekehleke tsa Palestina, tseo hangata di bitswang bantustans
* Dibaka Tsa Bohlweki
* Dikgetho tsa Maori
* [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Boemo ba kgethollo ya merabe]]
* Molao wa Boahi wa Mabatowa a Bantu, 1970
* Ho arohana ka morabe
* Volkstaat
* Passport ya ka hare
* Ho hlwekisa merabe
* Bolaodi ba ho fallisetsa dinaheng tse ding
* Ditumellano tsa Oslo
* Hamastan

== Ditlhaloso ==

[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="36457" sha1="6wrde9198g3zy1yq9b2yogh3ypck4t9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:South_Africa_&amp;_South_West_Africa_Bantustans_Map.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|'Mapa oa Afrika Boroa le Afrika Boroa-bophirimela (eo hona joale e leng Namibia). 'Mapa ona o bontša batho ba bantustan ba neng ba le libakeng tseo ka bobeli. 
&lt;br /&gt;'''Libaka tse sa keneng ka hara naha ea Bantustan'''{{Legend|#AEAEAE|South West Africa}}{{Legend|#8B8B8B|South Africa}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Afrika Boroa-bophirimela) '''{{Legend|#FD4756|[[Kaokoland]]}}{{Legend|#609979|[[Ovamboland]]}}{{Legend|#4E4B0D|[[Damaraland]]}}{{Legend|#901B35|[[Kavangoland]]}}{{Legend|#09A7B4|[[East Caprivi]]}}{{Legend|#43D99A|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Bushmanland]]}}{{Legend|#E4BC20|[[Hereroland]]}}{{Legend|#222560|[[Rehoboth (homeland)|Rehoboth]]}}{{Legend|#9B37F9|[[Tswanaland]]}}{{Legend|#8F6F68|[[Namaland]]}}'''Libaka tsa Bantustan (Aforika Boroa) '''{{Legend|#FB8072|[[KwaNdebele]]}}{{Legend|#B3DE69|[[Lebowa]]}}{{Legend|#FE951F|[[Gazankulu]]}}{{Legend|#FCCDE5|[[KaNgwane]]}}{{Legend|#80B1D3|[[KwaZulu]]}}{{Legend|#CCEBC5|[[QwaQwa]]}}'''Bantustans ea boemo ba lipopi'''{{Legend|#BC80BD|[[Bophuthatswana]]}}{{Legend|#FE85CE|[[Venda (Bantustan)|Venda]]}}{{Legend|#8AFE9D|[[Transkei]]}}{{Legend|#FED121|[[Ciskei]]}}]]
'''Bantustan''' (e neng e bo etse e tsejwa e le lehae la batho ba batsho kapa naha ya (batho ba batsho) e ne e le sebaka seo puso ya National Party ya Union of South Africa (1910–1961) le ha morao Republic of South Africa (1961–1994) e ileng ya se behela ka thoko bakeng sa baahi ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa le South West Africa (eo hona jwale e leng Namibia), e le karolo ya leano la yona la kgethollo ya morabe (apartheid).&lt;ref&gt;https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan&lt;/ref&gt;

Lereo lena, le ileng la qala ho sebediswa mafelong a dilemo tsa bo-1940 le entwse ka ho kopanya lentswe &quot;Bantu&quot; (le bolelang &quot;batho&quot; ka dipuo tse ding tsa Se-Bantu) le &quot;-stan&quot; (e leng karolo ya lentswe le bolelang &quot;naha&quot; ka Se-Persian le di puong tse ding tse susumetswang ke Se-Persian). Ha morao, le ile la nkwa e le lentswe le nyelisang ke bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba mehopolo ya 'mmuso wa nako eo ya  kgethollo ya morabe (apartheid) mabapi le dibaka tse bitswang &quot;homelands&quot; (dibaka tsa bodulo ba merabe e itseng). 'Mmuso wa Pretoria(pitoria) o ile wa theha dibaka tse leshome tsa &quot;Bantustan&quot; Afrika Borwa, le tse ding tse leshome naheng e haufi ya South West Africa (e neng e laolwa ke Afrika Borwa ka nako eo); sepheo e ne e le ho bokella ditho.

Mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore di-bantustans tse nnè tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di ikemetse - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei (tse bitswang &quot;Dinaha tsa TBVC&quot;), empa phatlalatso ena ha ya ka ya e-ba ya ananelwa ke mabotho a kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe Afrika Borwa kapa ke mmuso ofe kapa ofe wa matjhaba. Ba bang ba Bantustans (jwalo ka KwaZulu, Leboya le [[QwaQwa]]) ba ile ba fuwa &quot;boipuso&quot; empa ha ho mohla ba ileng ba fuwa &quot;tokoloho&quot;. Afrika Borwa-bophirimela, Ovamboland, Kavangoland le East Caprivi di ile tsa phatlalatswa e le dibaka tse ikemetseng, mme dinaha tse ding tse seng kae tse bonahalang e le tsa habo tsona ha dia ka tsa fuwa boipuso. Molao-theo wa nakwana o ile wa fedisa Bantustans ka ho feletseng ka ho fediswa ha kgethollo ya merabe was Afrika Borwa ka selemo sa 1994.

== Pōpo ==
[[File:South_Africa_racial_map,_1979.gif|right|thumb|350x350px|Mmapa wa Afrika Borwa wa merabe le baahi o phatlaladitsweng ke CIA ka selemo sa  1979 o nang le dintlha tse tswang ho palo ya batho ya Afrika Borwa ya selemo. ]]
Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1913, mebuso e latellanang ya Afrika Borwa e neng e buswa ke batho ba mmala ba fokolang palo, e ile ya theha dibaka tse khethehileng (tseo ho thweng ke &quot;reserves&quot;) bakeng sa batho ba batšho e le ho ba arola ka morabe ho batho ba mmala; sena se ne se tšhwana le ho thehwa ha dibaka tse khethehileng tsa Matswalla a Amerika (Indian reservations) naheng ya United States. Molao wa Naha wa Matswallwa (Natives Land Act) oa 1913 o ile wa lekanyetsa batho ba batšho ho ba le karolo ya 7 lekholong feela la naha. Ka 1936, 'mmuso o ile wa rera ho eketsa karolo ena ho fihla ho 13.6 lekholong la naha, empa tshebetso ya ho reka mobu e ile ya dieha 'mme morero ona ha wa ka wa phethahatswa ka botlalo.

Ha [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokha oa Sechaba]] o fihla pusong ka 1948, Letona la ditaba tsa Baahi (le kamorao Letona-Kholo la Afrika Borwa) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd o ile a haha ho tswa ho sena, a hlahisa letoto la mehato ya &quot;ho khetholla batho ho tloha ho merabe e meng&quot; jwalo ka Group Areas Acts le Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 e ileng ya fetola sechaba sa Afrika Borwa hore ba bammala e be bongata ba baahi. Ho thehwa ha dinaha tsa habo kapa li-bantustans e ne e le karolo ya bohlokwa ya leano lena, kaha sepheo sa nako e telele e ne e tla ba ho etsa hore li-bantustan li ikemele. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba batšho ba ne ba tla lahlehelwa ke baahi ba bona ba Afrika Borwa le tokelo ya ho vouta, e leng se neng se tla dumella bammala hore ba dule ba laola Afrika Borwa.

Dipampiri tsa Ditaba di rehile morero oa Mokha oa Nationalist lebitso la &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Lentsoe lena le kopaneng le fosahetse haholo ka litsela tse ngata. Le amana le karohano ea India—kamora hore Borithane ba tsamaee ka ho hloka boikemisetso, 'me e le e 'ngoe ea maemo a ts'ebetso eo—likarolong tse peli tse ikemetseng: Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na papiso ea 'nete le litlhahiso tsa Mokha oa Nationalist, hobane (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse arohaneng ka botlalo le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a na le litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a na le litokelo tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea hlahisoa le ho amoheloa ke mahlakore ka bobeli, kapa bonyane ke lihlopha tse kholo le tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona. Merero ea 'Muso ha e rerelle ho arola naha ena likarolong tse ikemetseng le tse ipusang. Ha e rerelle ho fana ka litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe, ho batho ba batšo ba lulang ka ntle ho libaka tse khethiloeng (li-reserve). Karohano ha ea ka ea amoheloa le ka mohla ke batho ba batšo, 'me e ke ke ea amoheloa le ka mohla. Ebile, ha ea ka ea hlahisoa kapa ea amoheloa ka botlalo ke batho ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka botlalo, 'me le mpa le thusa feela Mokha oa Nationalist ho phethahatsa bolotsana.

: &lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;Likoranta li ile tsa re morero oa Ba-Nationalist ke &quot;Bantustans&quot;. Ka litsela tse ngata lentsoe leo le khelosa haholo. E amana le ho aroloa ha India, ka mor'a ho tloha ha Brithani ka ho se tsotelle, le e le boemo ba eona, ho ba linaha tse peli tse arohaneng, Hindustan le Pakistan. Ha ho na ho tšoana ha sebele le litlhahiso tsa Machaba, kaha (a) India le Pakistan ke linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng le tse ikemetseng lipolotiking, (b) Mamosleme a thabela litokelo tse lekanang India; Mahindu a thabela litšoaneleho tse lekanang Pakistan, (c) Karohano e ile ea fanoa le ho amoheloa ke mekha ka bobeli, kapa bonyane likarolo tse ngata tse nang le tšusumetso ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Merero ea 'Muso ha e nahane ka ho arola naha ena ka linaha tse ikemetseng. Ha li na litokelo tse lekanang, kapa litokelo leha e le life, bakeng sa Maafrika a ka ntle ho libaka tsa polokelo. Ho arohana ha naha ha ho mohla ho kileng ha amoheloa ke Maafrika ebile ho ke ke ha e-ba joalo. Tabeng eo ha ho mohla e kileng ea fetisetsoa kapa ea amoheloa ke ba basoeu. Ka hona, lentsoe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ke lebitso le fosahetseng ka ho felletseng, mme le tloaetse feela ho thusa ba Bosetšhaba ho etsa bolotsana. 

Verwoerd o ile a pheha khang ea hore Mabantustans e ne e le &quot;malapeng a pele&quot; a batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa. Ka 1951, 'muso oa Daniel François Malan o ile oa hlahisa Molao oa Batho ba Banthu ho theha &quot;machaba&quot; a abetsoeng merabe e ntšo ea naha eo. Tsena li ne li lekana le 13% ea naha ea naha, 'me tse ling kaofela li ne li boloketsoe batho ba basoeu. Machaba a ne a busoa ke baeta-pele ba meloko ba sebelisanang, ha baeta-pe ba sa sebelisaneng ba ne ba tlosoa ka matla. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho ile ha hlaha sehlopha se busang sa batho ba batšo se neng se thahasella ho sireletsa naha ea habo sona. Le hoja sena se ile sa thusa ho tsitsisa lipolotiki tsa linaha tsa habo bona ka tekanyo e itseng, boemo ba bona bo ne bo ntse bo itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ka tšehetso ea Afrika Boroa.&lt;ref&gt;https://sahistory.org.za/article/homelands&lt;/ref&gt;

Karolo ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands*) e ile ea atolosoa ka 1959 ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Puso ea Boipuso ba Batho ba Batšo (*Bantu Self-Government Act*), o ileng oa theha moralo o bitsoang &quot;Ntlafatso e Arohaneng&quot; (*Separate Development*). Sena se ile sa nolofalletsa libaka tsena ho itlhahisa ha nako e ntse e ea e le libaka tse ipusang, 'me qetellong e le linaha tse nkiloeng e le tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot; ka botlalo.

Ts'ebetso ena e ne e lokela ho finyelloa ka mehato e mene e meholo bakeng sa naha ka 'ngoe:

* Ho kopanya dibaka tsa polokelo tse behilweng ka thoko bakeng sa &quot;ditso&quot; tse sa tshwaneng (tse bitswang &quot;ditjhaba&quot; ka molao ho tloha ka selemo sa 1959) tlasa &quot;Bolaodi bo le bong ba Teritoriale&quot;
* Ho thehwa ha lekghotla la molao bakeng sa naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo e nang le matla a fokolang a ho ipusa
* Ho thehoa ha naha ya habo e le &quot;sebaka se ikemetseng&quot;
* Ho fana ka boipuso bo feletseng ba lebitso la naha ea habo

Ka kakaretso, ha ho mohla ho neng ho lateloa moralo ona ka tsela e hlakileng, empa hangata ho ne ho etswa mehato e mengata e bohareng le e fetang e le nngwwe.

Naha ya habo Transkei e ile ea sebetsa ka ditsela tse ngata e le &quot;sebaka sa teko&quot; bakeng sa maano a khethollo ea merabe; nts'etsopele ea eona ea mekhatlo e qalile pele ho molao wa selemo sa 1959, mme ka hona ho fihlella ha eona boipuso le boipuso ho ile ha kenngoa tshebetsong pele ho linaha tse ding tsa habo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780444862419501020&lt;/ref&gt;

Morero ona o ile oa matlafatsoa tlas'a mohlahlami oa Verwoerd e le tonakholo, John Vorster, e le karolo ea mokhoa oa hae oa &quot;ho hlasimoloha&quot; oa khethollo ea morabe. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa 'nete sa leano lena e ne e le ho phethahatsa morero oa pele oa Verwoerd oa ho etsa hore batho ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e be baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona ho fapana le ba Afrika Boroa - ka hona ho tlosa litokelo tse fokolang tseo ba neng ba ntse ba e-na le tsona e le baahi. Linaha tsa habo bona li ile tsa khothalletsoa ho khetha boipuso, kaha sena se ne se tla fokotsa palo ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa haholo. Ts'ebetso ea ho theha moralo oa molao oa morero ona e phethiloe ke Molao oa Boahi ba Linaha tsa Batho ba Batšo oa 1970, o ileng oa khetha Maafrika Boroa ohle a batšo e le baahi ba linaha tsa habo bona, leha ba ne ba lula &quot;Afrika Boroa e tšoeu&quot;, 'me oa hlakola boahi ba bona ba Afrika Boroa, le Molao oa Molao oa Motheo oa Linaha tsa Batho oa 1971, o faneng ka moralo o akaretsang oa mekhahlelo ea nts'etsopele ea molao oa motheo oa linaha tsohle tsa habo bona (ntle le Transkei) ho tloha ho thehoeng ha Bolaoli ba Libaka ho fihlela boipusong bo felletseng.

Ka selemo sa 1984, dinaha tsohle tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa di ne di se li ikemetse mme tse mnè tsa tsona (Transkei, Boputhatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei) li ne li phatlalalitsoe ka botlalo pakeng tsa selemo sa  1976 le 1981.

Tafole e latelang e bontsha nako ya tswelo-pele ea litsi le ea molao ea Bantustans tse leshome tsa Afrika Boroa ho latela mehato e mene e ka hodimo e boletsweng:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Naha ea habo
!Setjhaba/Sechaba
!Bolaoli ba tšimo&lt;br /&gt;
!Seboka sa Molao&lt;br /&gt;
!Boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Ho se ikarabelle ka lebitso&lt;br /&gt;
!Litokomane
|-
|Transkei
|Sesotho
|1956
|1963
|1963
|1976
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly existed since 1931 under the name &quot;United Transkeian Territories General Council&quot;.[12]
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|Tswana
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1977
|The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[17]
|-
|Venda
|Venda
|1962
|1971
|1973
|1979
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[22]
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|Sesotho
|1961
|1971
|1972
|1981
|A forerunner of the Territorial Authority and the Legislative Assembly previously existed from 1934[27] to 1955[28] under the name &quot;Ciskeian General Council&quot;.The Territorial Authority established in 1961 was reorganised in 1968.[29]
|-
|Lebowa
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1962
|1971
|1972
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[33]
|-
|Gazankulu
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1962
|1971
|1973
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The Territorial Authority established in 1962 was reorganised in 1969.[38]
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1969
|1971
|1974
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaZulu
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1970
|1972
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KwaNdebele
|Ndebele
|1977
|1979
|1981
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|
|-
|KaNgwane
|Seswazi
|1976
|1977
|1984
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|The homeland status was temporarily suspended between June and December 1982.[52]
|}
IKa nako e tšoanang le ho theoa ha libaka tsa batho ba batšo (tseo ho thoeng ke *homelands* kapa *Bantustans*), baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa ba ile ba qobelloa ho kenya letsoho lenaneong le leholo la ho fallisoa ka likhoka. Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba limilione tse 3.5 ba ile ba qobelloa ho tloha mahaeng a bona pakeng tsa lilemo tsa bo-1960 le bo-1980, 'me ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba isoa libakeng tsa *Bantustans*.&lt;ref&gt;https://southafrica-info.com/history/provinces-homelands-south-africa-1996/&lt;/ref&gt;

mMuso o ile wa hlakisa hore sepheo sa oona sa ho qetela e ne e le ho tlosa batho ba batsho Afrika Boroa ka ho feletseng. Connie Mulder, Letona la Dikamano le Ntsshetsopele ya Batho ba Bangata, o ile a bolella Ntlo ea Kopano ka la 7 Hlakola  1978:
 
Empa morero ona ha oa ka oa finyelloa. Ke karolo e nyane feela (e ka bang 39% ka 1986 ) ea baahi ba batšo ba Afrika Boroa e neng e lula Bantustans; ba setseng ba ne ba lula Afrika Boroa ka boeona, ba bangata ba lula litoropo, litoropong tsa mahaeng le libakeng tse tlase tse ka ntle ho metse ea Afrika Boroa.

== Ho amoheloa ha machabeng ==
Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ka hare ho meeli ea Afrika Boroa li ne li khetholloa e le tse &quot;ipusang&quot; kapa tse &quot;ikemetseng&quot;. Ka khopolo, libaka tsa Bantustan tse ipusang li ne li e-na le taolo holim'a likarolo tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ka hare, empa li ne li e-so be lichaba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Libaka tsa Bantustan tse ikemetseng (e leng Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei; tse tsejoang hape e le linaha tsa TBVC) li ne li reretsoe ho ba tse ikemetseng ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tsena li ne li sa hlokomeloa haholo ke mebuso ea bokolone hammoho le mebuso ea hamorao ea Afrika Boroa, 'me li ne li ntse li sa tsoela pele ho hang. Boemo bona bo ile ba fokotsa haholo bokhoni ba linaha tsena ba ho ipusa, 'me ba etsa hore li itšetlehe haholo ka 'muso oa Afrika Boroa.

Ho pholletsa le boteng ba Ma-Bantustan a ikemetseng, Afrika Boroa e ile ea lula e le eona feela naha e ananelang boipuso ba bona. 'Muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso ba hore ba ananeloe. Ka 1976, ho isa qetong ea Ntlo ea Baemeli ea United States e khothalletsang Mopresidente hore a se ke a ananela Transkei, 'muso oa Afrika Boroa o ile oa etsa boipiletso bo matla ho baetsi ba molao ho hanyetsa molao ona.[1] Matšoao a mohala oa seea-le-moea a sa amoheloeng a ile a etsoa bakeng sa linaha tse ikemetseng 'me likarete tsa QSL li ile tsa romelloa ke basebetsi ba li sebelisang, empa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipuisano ha oa ka oa amohela liteishene tsena e le tse molaong.[2] Naha ka 'ngoe ea TBVC e ile ea atolosa kananelo ho Ma-Bantustan a mang a ikemetseng ha Afrika Boroa e bontša boitlamo ba eona khopolong ea boipuso ba TBVC ka ho haha ​​​​maemeli metseng e meholo ea TBVC.

== Bophelo ba Bantustans ==
Ka kakaretso, libaka tsa Bantustan li ne li futanehile 'me li e-na le menyetla e fokolang ea mesebetsi ea sebakeng seo.[1] Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le menyetla e meng ea tsoelo-pele bakeng sa batho ba batšo, hape ho ile ha e-ba le tsoelo-pele thutong le meralong ea motheo.[2] Libaka tse 'nè tsa Bantustan tse ileng tsa fumana boipuso ba lebitso feela (Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Ciskei) li ile tsa hlakola melao eohle ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid).

Melao yaa Bantustans e ne e fapane le ya Afrika Boroa. Sehlopha sa Afrika Boroa se ne se atisa ho sebelisa meeli ena hampe, mohlala ka ho haha di-casino tse kholo, joalo ka Sun City naheng ea habo Bophuthatswana. 

yaBophuthatswana e ne e boetse e na le di-depositi tsa platinamo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho, tse ileng tsa e etsa morui ka ho fetisisa ho Bantustans. 

== Lintho tse ileng tsa etsahala hamorao ==
Ka Pherekhong 1985, Mopresidente oa Naha P. W. Botha o ile a phatlalatsa hore batho ba batšo ba lulang ka hare ho naha ea Afrika Boroa ba ke ke ba hlola ba amohuoa boahi ba Afrika Boroa molemong oa boahi ba li-Bantustan, le hore baahi ba batšo ba lulang li-Bantustan tse ikemetseng ba ka etsa kopo hape ea ho fumana boahi ba Afrika Boroa; nakong ea likhetho tsa naha tsa 1987, F. W. de Klerk o ile a bua lebitsong la National Party a re: &quot;Boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho thibela phallo [ea basebetsi ba batšo] ba kenang libakeng tsa litoropo bo hlolehile. Ha ho na thuso ho iphetisa ka taba ena. Moruo o hloka hore bongata ba batho ba batšo bo lule ka ho sa feleng libakeng tsa litoropo... Ba ke ke ba lula Afrika Boroa selemo le selemo ba se na boemeli ba lipolotiki.&quot;[1] Ka Hlakubele 1990, de Klerk—ea ileng a hlahlama Botha joaloka Mopresidente oa Naha ka 1989—o ile a phatlalatsa hore mmuso oa hae o ke ke oa fana ka boipuso ho li-Bantustan tse ding hape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.972mag.com/apartheid-bantustans-palestinian-statehood/&lt;/ref&gt;

Leha ho le jwalo, dipolelo tsena ha lia ka tsa bolelwa e le ho hana tsamaiso ea Bantustan ka kakaretso: sepheo sa puso ya kgethollo ea merabe nakong ea halofo ea bobeli ea bo-1980 e ne e le ho &quot;matlafatsa&quot; moralo oa mokhatlo wa khethollo ea morabe ha o ntse o siea melao-motheo ea oona ea motheo, ho kenyeletsoa le linaha tsa habo bona, e sa fetohe.

Mmuso o ile oa qobelloa ho amohela boteng bo sa feleng ba batho ba batšo libakeng tsa litoropo, hammoho le ho hlokomela hore mekhoa e neng e le matla haholo ea pele ea ho laola phallo ea batho (eo joale e ileng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e bonolo haholoanyane) e ne e ke ke ea sebetsa; ho sa buuoa le ka taba ea hore ho ne ho ke ke ha khoneha ho falla le ho isa batho bohle ba batšo libakeng tse khethiloeng tsa merabe ea bona (li-&quot;homelands&quot;), esita le nakong e telele e tlang. Mmuso o ne o tšepile ho khutsisa baahi ba batšo ba litoropong ka ho rala meralo e fapaneng ea ho ba fa litokelo tse lekanyelitsoeng maemong a lehae (empa e seng maemong a holimo a puso). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa bolulo litoropong (le mahaeng) li ile tsa lula li arohantsoe ho latela morabe, ho ea ka Molao oa Libaka tsa Merabe (Group Areas Act).

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batšo (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho ile ha boela ha nahanoa ka hara mekgatlo ea [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|Mokga wa Setjhaba]] o busang ho theha mekhatlo e eketsehileng e ikemetseng ea lebitso libakeng tsa litoropo ka mokhoa oa &quot;metse-motse&quot; e ikemetseng e ntsho.

Molao-motheo oa &quot;ntlafatso e arohaneng&quot; o ile oa tsoela pele ho sebetsa, 'me puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) ea tsoela pele ho itšetleha ka libaka tsa batho ba batsho (Bantustans) e le e 'ngoe ea litšiea tsa mantlha tsa leano la eona la ho sebetsana le baahi ba batšo. Ho fihlela ka 1990, ho ile ha tsoelo-pele ho etsoa boiteko ba ho khothaletsa libaka tsena tse ipusang hore li nke qeto ea ho fumana boipuso (mohlala, Lebowa, Gazankulu le KwaZulu), 'me ka linako tse ling, mebuso ea libaka tsena tse ipusang (mohlala, KwaNdebele) ka boyona e ile ea bontša thahasello ea ho fumana boipuso nakong e tlang.

Ho tloha ka 1990 ho isa ho 1994, mehopolo ena ea &quot;mokhatlo oa linaha tse ikemetseng&quot; (confederation) e ne e ntse e tšehetsoa ka molao-motheo ke likarolo tse kholo tsa National Party (hammoho le mekha e meng le lihlopha tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu ba nang le maikutlo a tokoloho), empa motheo oa eona o neng o thehiloe pepenene khethollong ea morabe o ile oa qala ho fela butle-butle nakong ea lipuisano tsa ho felisa apartheid, 'me tlhokomelo ea fetoha ho sireletseng &quot;litokelo tsa lihlopha tse nyane&quot; (haholo-holo baahi ba basoeu) ka mor'a hore ho lebelletsoe ho fetisetsoa ha matla ho bongata ba batho ba batšo. Merero ea tsamaiso ea federal (federalist plans) e ile ea boela ea fumana tšehetso ho mebuso le mekha e meng ea libaka tsa batho ba batšo (li-homeland), haholo-holo Inkatha Freedom Party, e neng e le mokha o busang KwaZulu. Empa kaha haholo-holo African National Congress e ile ea hlakisa hore melao-motheo ea &quot; motho a le mong - voutu e le 'ngoe&quot; le ea naha e kopaneng (unitary state) e ne e sa buisanoe ka eona, qetellong merero ea mofuta oa confederation e ile ea lahloa. Ka lebaka la sena, Inkatha Freedom Party e ile ea sokela ho hana ho nka karolo likhethong tsa naha tsa Mmesa 1994 tse ileng tsa felisa apartheid, 'me ea etsa qeto ea ho nka karolo motsotsong oa ho qetela feela ka mor'a hore ho etsoe litumellano tse ba khotsofatsang, hammoho le ho National Party e neng e ntse e busa le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bahanyetsi ba basoeu.[1]

Nakong e lebisitseng dikeethong tsa 1994, baetapele ba mmaloa linaheng tse ikemetseng le tse ikemetseng (mohlala Boputhatswana), ba neng ba sa batle ho tela matla a bona, ba ile ba hanyetsa ka matla ho qhaqhoa ha Bantustans mme, ka ho etsa joalo, ba fumana tšehetso ho tsoa mekhatlong e tšoeu ea ho loka, likarolo tsa sesole sa naha sa apartheid le lihlopha tse matla tsa pro-apartheid tse kang Afrikaner Weerstands movement.

== Ho qhibiliha ==
Ka ho oa ha puso ea khethollo ea morabe (apartheid) Afrika Boroa ka 1994, libaka tsohle tsa Bantustan (e leng tse neng li nkuoa li ikemetse le tse neng li ipusa) li ile tsa qhaloa 'me libaka tsa tsona tsa khutlisetsoa ka hare ho Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa ho qala ka la 27 Mmesa 1994 (e leng letsatsi leo ka lona Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho, o ileng oa felisa khethollo ea morabe ka molao, o ileng oa qala ho sebetsa le moo likhetho tsa pele tsa demokrasi li ileng tsa qala teng) ho latela karolo ea 1(2) le Lenane la 1 la Molao-motheo oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa, 1993 (&quot;Molao-motheo oa Nako ea Phetoho&quot;).[1]

Bohato ba ho finyella sena bo ile ba etelletsoa pele ke [[African National Congress]] (ANC) e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lenaneo la eona la liphetoho. Ho kenngoa hape ho ile ha finyelloa ka tsela e nang le khotso, le hoja ho ne ho e-na le khanyetso e itseng ho tsoa ho lihlopha tsa batho ba moo, ba ileng ba lahleheloa ke menyetla ea leruo le matla a lipolotiki a fanoang ke linaha tsa habo bona. Ho qhaqhoa ha linaha tsa Bophuthatswana le Ciskei ho ne ho le thata haholo. Ciskei, mabotho a tšireletso a Afrika Boroa a ile a tlameha ho kenella ka March 1994 ho felisa koluoa ea dipolotiki.

Ho tloha ka selemo sa 1994, likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li ile tsa aroloa bocha ka molao-motheo [[Diporofensi tsa Afrika Borwa|liprofinse]] tse ncha.

Leha ho le joalo, baetapele ba bangata ba libaka tseo ho thoeng ke 'Bantustans' kapa 'Homelands' (libaka tse neng li behiloe ka thoko bakeng sa batho ba batšo nakong ea khethollo ea morabe) ba bile le karolo lipolotiking tsa Afrika Boroa ho tloha ha libaka tseo li qhaloa. Ba bang ba ile ba kenya mekhatlo ea bona likhethong tsa pele tse neng li sa khetholle ka morabe, ha ba bang ba ile ba ikopanya le mokhatlo oa ANC. Mangosuthu Buthelezi e ne e le Tonakholo ea sebaka sa habo sa KwaZulu ho tloha ka 1976 ho isa ho 1994. Afrika Boroa ea kamora nako ea khethollo ea morabe, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa Inkatha Freedom Party le Letona la Litaba tsa Lehae. Bantubonke Holomisa, eo e neng e le general sebakeng sa Transkei ho tloha ka 1987, o sebelitse e le mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Democratic Movement ho tloha ka 1997. General Constand Viljoen, e leng Mo-Afrikaner ea neng a sebeletsa e le molaoli oa Sesole sa Afrika Boroa (South African Defence Force), o ile a romela masole a hae a ka bang 1,500 ho ea sireletsa Lucas Mangope le ho hanyetsa ho felisoa ha Bophuthatswana e le sebaka se ikemetseng ka 1994. O ile a theha mokhatlo oa Freedom Front ka 1994. Lucas Mangope, eo e neng e le moetapele oa morabe oa Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane oa batho ba Tswana le hlooho ea Bophuthatswana, ke mopresidente oa mokhatlo oa United Christian Democratic Party, e leng mokhatlo o nkoang e le tsoelo-pele ea mokhatlo o neng o busa sebaka seo sa habo. Oupa Gqozo, e leng moetapele oa ho qetela oa Ciskei, o ile a kenya mokhatlo oa hae oa African Democratic Movement likhethong tsa 1994 empa a sa atleha. Mokhatlo oa Dikwankwetla, o neng o busa Qwaqwa, o ntse o e-na le tšusumetso khanseleng ea Maluti a Phofung moo e leng mokhatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa bohanyetsi. Mokhatlo oa Ximoko, o neng o busa Gazankulu, o na le boteng pusong ea lehae ea Giyani. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, eo e neng e le Tonakholo ea KwaNdebele, George Mahlangu, le ba bang ba ile ba theha mokhatlo oa Sindawonye Progressive Party, e leng o mong oa mekhatlo e meholo ea bohanyetsi ho la Thembisile Hani Local Municipality le Dr JS Moroka Local Municipality (dibaka tse akaretsang sebaka seo e neng e le 'homeland' pele).

== Lethathamo la Bantustans ==

=== Ba-bantustane Afrika Borwa ===
[[File:Bantustans_in_South_Africa.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|mMapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batšo Afrika Boroa qetellong ea khethollo ea merabe ka 1994]]
Dinaha tsa habo tsona di thathamisitsoe ka tlase le sehlopha sa merabe seo naha e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea habo eona e khethiloeng ho sona. Tse 'nè li ne li ikemetse ka lebitso (tse bitswang linaha tsa TBVC tsa Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda le Li-Ciskei). Tse ding tse tsheletseng di ne di e-na le boipuso bo fokolang:

==== Litaba tsa lipopi ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Sehlopha sa batho
!Lilemo tsa boipuso&lt;br /&gt;
!Lilemo tsa boipuso tse boletsoeng&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Transkei
|Umtata
|Sesotho
|1963[1]–1976
|1976
|-
|Bophuthatswana
|
|Tswana
|1972[4]–1977
|1977
|-
|Venda
|
|Venda
|1973[6]–1979
|1979
|-
|Li-Ciskei
|
|Sesotho
|1972[8]–1981
|1981
|}

==== Mekgatlo e ikemetseng ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo
!Setjhaba
!Lilemo
|-
|Lebowa
|[[Lebowakgomo]] (1974-1994) Sesego (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1974) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1974)
|Northern Sotho (Pedi) 
|1972
|-
|Gazankulu
|[[Giyani]]
|Tsonga (Shangane) 
|1973
|-
|QwaQwa
|[[Phuthaditjhaba]] (ho fihlela ka 1974 e ne e bitsoa Witsieshoek) (until 1974 called Witsieshoek)
|[[Basotho|Sotho e ka Boroa]]
|1974
|-
|KwaZulu
|Ulundi (1980-1994) Nongoma (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1980)
|[[Mazulu|MaZulu]]
|1977
|-
|KwaNdebele
|KwaMhlanga (1986-1994) Siyabuswa (ka nakoana, ho fihlela 1986) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until 1986)
|Ndebele
|1981
|-
|KaNgwane
|Louieville Schoemansdal (ka nakoana, ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-1980) &lt;br /&gt;(provisionally, until the mid-1980s)
|Seswazi
|1984
|}
Bantustan ea pele e ne e le Transkei, e etelletsweng pele ke Moemphera e Moholo Daliwonga Matanzima Profinseng ea Cape bakeng sa setjhaba sa Xhosa. KwaZulu, e leng sechaba sa MaZulu se Profinse ea Natal, se ne se etelletswe pele ke setho sa Lelapa la borena la Mazulu hlooho Mangosuthu (&quot;Gatsha&quot;) Buthelezi ka lebitso la morena wa MaZulu.

[[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]] (eo pele e neng e tsejwa e le Swaziland) e ne e se batho ba Bantustans; e ne e le dinaha tse ikemetseng le tse neng di le mebuso ea Brithani. Dinaha tsena di pota-potilwe haholo-holo kapa ka ho feletseng ke naha ya Afrika Borwa mme di itshetlehile ka ho feletseng ka Afrika Borwa. Ha ho mohla ba kileng ba itshetleha ka dipolotiki ka tsela ea molao ka Afrika Borwa mme ba ile ba amohelwa e le linaha tse ikemetseng ke sechaba sa matjhaba ho tloha ha ba fuwa boipuso ba bona ke UK ka bo-1960.

=== Ba-Bantustane Afrika BorWa-bophirimela ===

==== Matjhaba ====
 
[[File:Namibia_homelands_78.jpeg|thumb|'Mmapa wa dibaka tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho tsa [[Namibia]] ho tloha ka 1978]]
Lilemong tsa bo-1960, Afrika Borwa—e neng e laola South West Africa tlas’a taelo ea Mokhatlo oa Lichaba (League of Nations)—e ile ea tobana le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea machaba mabapi le puso ea eona ea batho ba basoeu (ba neng ba le mmalonyana) holim’a bongata ba batho ba batšo. Tharollo eo Afrika Borwa e neng e e rerile—e leng Moralo oa Odendaal—e ne e le ho arola batho ba basoeu le bao e seng basoeu, ho fa libaka tsa batho ba batšo tse arohaneng boipuso, e le hore ka tsela eo, batho ba basoeu e be bona ba bangata karolong e kholo e setseng ea naha. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ka ho arola lihlopha tsa merabe le ho qobella batho ka molao hore ba lule libakeng tse khethiloeng bakeng sa bona, khethollo ea morabe e ne e tla nyamela ka boeona.Moralo oa Odendaal o ile oa bululeloa, karolong e 'ngoe, ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho (anthropologists) tsa Afrika Borwa.

Dibaka tse neng li khethiloe li ne li bitsoa ''li-bantustans'', 'me karolo e setseng ea naha e ne e bitsoa Police Zone. Ka mor'a moo, batho bohle bao e seng ba basoeu ba neng ba sebetsa sebakeng sa mapolesa ba ile ba fetoha ''basebetsi ba bajaki'', 'me ho ile ha thehoa melao ea ho fetisetsa mokhatlo oa mapolesa ho ea le ho tsoa bantustans. 

Sebaka se kopaneng sa batho bohle ba bantustan se ne se lekana le sebaka sa mapolesa. Leha ho le jwalo, batho bohle ba bantustans ba ne ba le mahaeng haholo mme ba sa kenyeletswe metseng e meholo. Dikou tsohle, boholo ba marang-rang a terene le meralo ea ditsela e nang le tarred, boema-fofane bohle bo boholo, libaka tse ruisang haholo tsa taemane le dirapeng tsa boikgathollo tsa naha di ne di le sebakeng sa Sepolesa.

Ho qala ka selemo sa 1968,ho latela likhothaletso tsa 1964 tse tsoang ho khomishene e neng e etelletsoe pele ke Fox Odendaal, ho ile ha theooa libaka tse leshome tsa bolulo ba merabe (tse tsejoang e le *homelands*) tse tšoanang le tse neng li le Afrika Boroa, sebakeng sa South West Africa (eo kajeno e leng Namibia). Lentswe &quot;Bantustan&quot; ha le nepahale hantle tabeng ena, kaha a mang a merabe e amehang e ne e le ea batho ba Khoisan, e seng ba Bantu, mme boemo ba batho ba Rehoboth Basters bo ne bo rarahane. Hara dibaka tsena tse leshome tsa bodulo ba merabe tsa South West Africa, ke tse tharo feela tse ileng tsa fuoa boipuso (bo tshwanang le ba li-Bantustan tsa Afrika Borwa) pakeng tsa 1973 le 1976.

==== Mekhatlo e Ts'oanang ====
Ka Phupu 1980, tsamaiso e ile ea fetoloa ho ba ea mebuso e arohaneng (&quot;makala a emelang batho&quot;) e sebetsang joalo ka likarolo tsa tsamaiso tsa boemo ba bobeli (tse ikarabellang litabeng tse kang kabo ea mobu, temo, thuto ho fihlela boemong ba koetliso ea matichere a likolo tsa mathomo, litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle, hammoho le litšebeletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba le penshene) ho latela morabe feela, eseng libaka tse hlalositsoeng ka meeli ea sebaka. Ho latela meaho ea tsamaiso e neng e se e ntse e le teng ho tloha ka 1925 le 1962, ho ile ha theoa makala a emelang batho bakeng sa lihlopha tsa batho ba basoeu[2] le ba Coloured[3]. Ha ho na makala a joalo a emelang batho a ileng a theoa bakeng sa batho ba merabe ea Himba le San (ba lulang haholo libakeng tseo e neng e le mahae a bona a khale a Kaokoland le Bushmanland).

Mebuso ena ea boemo ba bobeli e thehiloeng merabeng e ile ea emisoa tšebetsong ka Mots'eanong 1989, qalong ea nako ea phetoho e lebisang boipusong, 'me ea hlakoloa ka molao ka la 21 Hlakubele 1990 (letsatsi leo Namibia e ileng ea fumana boipuso ka lona) ho latela Lenane la 8 la Molao-motheo oa Namibia.[1] Ba-Baster ba ile ba leka ka matla empa ba hlōleha ho boloka boemo ba boipuso ba Rehoboth—e leng sebaka se neng se e-na le boipuso nakong ea puso ea Jeremane—hammoho le Basterland. Sebakeng seo pele e neng e le Bantustan ea East Caprivi, batho ba tšehetsang boipuso ba sechaba sa Lozi ba ile ba qala boiteko bo sa atlehang ba ho loantša 'muso ka 1999, ba batla ho ikarola ho Namibia le ho fumana boipuso.

Naha e libakeng tsa Bantustan e ile ea oela mmusong oa Namibia, 'me kajeno e bitsoa &quot;Lifapha tsa Sechaba&quot;.

==== Matjhaba (ho fihlela 1980) / Baemeli ba 'Muso (1980-1989/1990) ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Bantustan
!Motse-moholo 
!Boholo ba moloko o emeloang
!Lekhotla la Molao le thehiloe
!Boipuso
!Lilemo tsa Bolaoli bo Ikemetseng
|-
|Linaha tsa Ovamboland
|Likhomo tsa limela
|Ovambo
|1968
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Kavangoland
|Rundu
|Kavango
|1970
|1973
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Bochabela ba Caprivi
|Katima Mulilo
|Lozi
|1972
|1976
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Namaland|Naha ea Namaland]]
|Keetmanshoop
|Nama
|1976
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Rehoboth
|Rehoboth
|Baster
|1977
|—
|1980 (1990)
|-
|Damaraland
|Li-Welwitschia
|Damara
|1977
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Hereroland]]
|Okakarara
|Herero
|—
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Tswanaland]]
|Li-aminois
|Tswana
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|1980 (1990)
|-
|[[Bushmanland (South West Africa)|Naha ea Bushman]]
|Tsumkwe
|San
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|-
|Kaokoland
|Ohopoho
|Himba
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
| - Ke ne ke sa tsebe.
|—
|}

== Tshebediso maemong a seng Afrika Borwa ==
Lentswe &quot;bantustan&quot; le fetohile lentswe le akaretsang ho supa ka kutlwisiso e nyatsang sebaka sefe kapa sefe moo batho ba qobellwang ho phela ntle le ditokelo tse felletseng tsa setjhaba le dipolotiki. 

=== Palestina ===
Botjhabela bo Hare, dibaka tsa Mapalestina tse ka hare ho West Bank le Gaza Strip hangata li hlalosoa e le &quot;bantustans&quot; ke ba nyatsang maano a Iseraele libakeng tsa Mapalestina.[1] Lentsoe lena le sebelisoa ho bolela libaka tse reriloeng West Bank bakeng sa Mapalestina tlas'a litlhahiso tse fapaneng tse etelletsoeng pele ke U.S. le Iseraele ho rarolla khohlano lipakeng tsa Iseraele le Palestina, kapa ho bolela &quot;lihlekehleke&quot; tse 165 tse seng li ntse li le teng—tse ileng tsa hlaha ka molao e le Libaka tsa A le B tlas'a Tumellano ea Oslo II ea 1995. Merero ea khotso ea Iseraele le U.S.—ho kenyeletsoa Morero oa Allon, morero oa Drobles oa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Zionist, morero oa Menachem Begin, morero oa Benjamin Netanyahu oa &quot;Allon Plus&quot;, Seboka sa Camp David sa 2000, le pono ea Sharon ea naha ea Palestina—li ile tsa sisinya hore ho be le libaka tse arohaneng (tse kang li-enclave),[108][109] joalo ka ha morero oa khotso oa Trump oa 2020 le oona o entse. Sena se ile sa nyatsoa e le &quot;khetho ea Bantustan&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sebakeng sa subcontinent ea India, mmuso oa Sinhalese oa Sri Lanka o qositsoe ka ho fetola libaka tsa batho ba merabe ea Tamil hore e be &quot;li-bantustan&quot;.[1] Lentsoe lena le boetse le sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa maemo a bophelo ba batho ba sehlopha sa Dalit naheng ea India.

[[Nigeria]], mobishopo wa K'hatholike Matthew Hassan Kukah o bua ka boroa ba Kaduna State e le &quot;Bantustan e lenngwe e kgolo ea tlhokomeliso ea mmuso&quot;.

[[Canada]] le [[United States|Dinaheng tse Kppaneng tsa Amerikas]], dibaka tsa polokelo ea Maindia le libaka tsa poloko ea Maindie hangata li bapisoa le Bantustans ka lebaka la kamano e arolelanoeng lipakeng tsa ditsheebetso tsa khethollo ea merabe ya linaha tseo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Bona hape ==

* Letswai
* Dihlekehleke tsa Palestina, tseo hangata di bitswang bantustans
* Dibaka Tsa Bohlweki
* Dikgetho tsa Maori
* [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Boemo ba kgethollo ya merabe]]
* Molao wa Boahi wa Mabatowa a Bantu, 1970
* Ho arohana ka morabe
* Volkstaat
* Passport ya ka hare
* Ho hlwekisa merabe
* Bolaodi ba ho fallisetsa dinaheng tse ding
* Ditumellano tsa Oslo
* Hamastan

== Ditlhaloso ==

[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Nketoana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42027</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-29T08:19:43Z</timestamp>
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        <username>TsheleCAT</username>
        <id>13263</id>
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      <comment>ke ya lokisa</comment>
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[[File:Liebenbergsvleirivier,_Bethlehem,_stroomaf,_b.jpg|thumb|Nketoana ka ntle ho [[Bethlehema, Afrika Borwa|Bohokong,Bethlehe,]], Foreisetata]]
[[File:Vaal_Basin_OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Nketoana sebakeng sa ho phalla ha Lekwa (bohareng bo ka ho le letona) ]]
'''Noka ya Nketoana''' ke molapo o ka lehlakoreng la Noka Namahadi, e phallang [[Foreisetata|Porofinse ya Foreisetata]] , [[Afrika Borwa]].

== Morero wa Metsi wa Lesotho Highlands ==
Nketoana ke motjha wa metsi o thusang Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Metsi a tshollwa ka Letamong la Molora, e ka leboya ho [[Clarens, Afrika Borwa|Clarens]], e ileng ya bulwa ka selemo sa 1998.&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/ejc-farmweek_v2024_n24015_a2&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;As e fana ka metsi ho letamo la Saulspoort le Dinoka tsa Nketoana le Nmahadi ka tlase ho molapo, moo metsi a kenang ka morao ho Letamo la Lekwa. Letamo la Lekwa le ka boela la atoloswa ho tloha Morerong wa Metsi wa Tugela-Vaal, ka ho lokolla metsi a tswang Letamong la Sterkfontein ka Noka ya Nuwejaarspruit le Namahadi.&lt;ref&gt;https://municipalities.co.za/overview/1052/nketoana-local-municipality&lt;/ref&gt;

== Marathon ya Dikepe ==
Marathon ya selemo le selemo ya Nketoana ke ketsahalo ya selemo le letsatsi e nang le mekgahlelo ya matsatsi a mabedi. E qala haufi le [[Reitz, Free State|Petsana,Reitz]], mme mohato wa pele o qetella ka dikhilomithara tse 33 ka tlase ho noka polasing ya Zorgvliet, haufi le Mafahlaneng. &amp;nbsp;Letsatsi la bobedi le qala polasing ya Bruinswick leboya ho Tweeling mme le fela [[Frankfort,Namahadi|Namahadi, Frankfort]]. 

Mmasepala wa Nketoana wa diteropo tse lateng : Petsana, Ntha, [[Mamafubedu]] le [[Leratswana]] o rehelletswe ka noka ena.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nketoana.fs.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Chapter-1-Annual-Report-Nketoana-2014-15-a.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ditlhaloso ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dikgetho tsa mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa tsa 2024</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42030</id>
      <parentid>41855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-29T08:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TsheleCAT</username>
        <id>13263</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>ke lokisa diphoso</comment>
      <origin>42030</origin>
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      <text bytes="1405" sha1="s519s2ux1dry2odpbep01ul22owszmt" xml:space="preserve">'''Dikgetho''' tse sa tobang Mopresidente wa [[Afrika Borwa]] ke seboka sa naha di  etsahetse ka la 14 Phuptjane 2024,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240611231843/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/south-african-political-party-led-zuma-seeks-halt-111027490&lt;/ref&gt;  kamora dikgetho tse akaretsang ka la 29 Motsheanong 2024, moo mokga wa [[African National Congress]] e ileng ya lahlehelwa ke bongata bo felletseng ba paramente boo e neng e bo tshwere ho tloha pheletsong ya kgethollo ya morabe .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240602-south-africa-s-anc-to-enter-coalition-talks-after-landmark-election&lt;/ref&gt; Mopresidente ya neng a le teng wa African National Congress Cyril Ramaphosa o hapile nako ya boraro.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cw55w4z3gqeo&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mopresidente wa mehleng [[Jacob Zuma]] o phepheditse diphetho tsa dikgetho tse akaretsang lekgotleng, mme o phatlaladitse boikemisetso ba hae ba ho hana dikgetho ka la 14 Phuptjane mme mopresidente wa mehleng o boetse a phatlalatsa hore a ke ke a ba karolo ya mmuso wa bonngwe ba Setjhaba (GNU).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  Letsatsi pele ho dikgetho tsa 2024, Palamente e thehilwe mokga wa boeletsi mabapi le diphetoho tsa dikgetho le ditshitsinyo tse tswang dipuisanong tsa setjhaba ho kenyeletswa le ho kgetha Mopresidente ka ho toba.&lt;ref&gt;https://static.pmg.org.za/ERCP_Original_Report.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ward (Afrika Borwa)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42029</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-29T08:40:17Z</timestamp>
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        <username>TsheleCAT</username>
        <id>13263</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>ke lokisa diphoso</comment>
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      <text bytes="1016" sha1="tel1474ssb08n0nrye09355cjk1t9v5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:South_Africa_electoral_wards_2016_blank.svg|thumb|300x300px|Mmapa wa di-ward tseo Afrika Borwa e arotsweng ka tsona]]

[[Afrika Borwa]], '''di-ward''' ke dikarolo tsa dipolotiki tsa geopolotiki tsa bomasepala tse sebedisetswang merero ya dikgetho. Masepala o mong le o mong wa ditoropo le wa lehae o arotswe ke boto ya meedi ya masepala ka halofo ya di-ward tse lekanang le ditulo tse teng lekgotleng la masepala (ho bokella haeba ho na le palo e sa tlwaelehang ya ditulo).

Wate e nngwe le e nngwe e kgetha lekhanselara le le leng ka ho toba, mme makhanselara a setseng a kgethwa ho tswa mananeng a mokga e le hore boemedi ba mokga ka kakaretso bo lekane le karolo ya dikgetho tse amohetsweng ke mokga ka mong.

Pele ho dikgetho tsa masepala tsa 2026, ho ne ho ena le di-wate tse 4,488 Afrika Borwa  keketseho ya 20 ho feta dikgetho tsa mmuso wa lehae tse fetileng, tse neng di tshwerwe ka 2021.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/ward-boundaries-finalised-ahead-local-elections&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leslie Casson</title>
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    <id>11124</id>
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      <text bytes="1671" sha1="btc4pku8zsvlseirt0z1b72wv8fqqpv" xml:space="preserve">'''Leslie Frank Casson''' (1903–1969) e ne e le setsebi sa ditaba tsa metjha ya phatlalatso le rahistori wa bonono. O hlahetse [[Engelane]], e ne e le moprofesa wa puo ya senyesemane le dingodilweng tsa mehleng e Bohareng Univesithing ya Cape Town, [[Afrika Borwa]], ho tloha ka 1952 ho isa ho 68,&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=_vkyAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22leslie+frank+casson%22&lt;/ref&gt;  moo e neng e boetse e le hlooho ya lefapha. &lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=jKYaAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22leslie+casson%22&lt;/ref&gt; Sebaka seo a neng a se thahasella se ne se tloha dibukeng tsa Selatine&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=4gkGNQAACAAJ&amp;q=%22leslie+frank+casson%22&lt;/ref&gt;  ho ya ho dithothokiso tsa Edmund Spenser.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=spLsNwAACAAJ&amp;q=%22leslie+frank+casson%22&lt;/ref&gt;  O boetse a sebetsa dingolweng tse ngotsweng Pokellong ya Grey,&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=H89hPQAACAAJ&amp;q=%22leslie+frank+casson%22&lt;/ref&gt;  laeborari e nehetsweng Laeborari ya Naha ya Afrika Borwa ke George Grey ; e na le dibolumo tse 5,000, ho kenyeletswa le dingolwa tse 115 tse tswang Mehleng e Bohareng le Renaissance .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20070824034607/http://www.nlsa.ac.za/NLSA/about-us/core%20functions/colman/special-collections#f&lt;/ref&gt;  Casson o fumane lengolo la PhD la dingodilweng Univesithing ya Edinburgh ka 1942.&lt;ref&gt;https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/30100&lt;/ref&gt;  Bakeng sa mokgatlo wa pele wa mongolo wa senyesemane, o hlophisitse pale ya lerato ya Senyesemane sa Bohareng ''Sir Degrevant'' .&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=WCMaDf6SLxcC&amp;pg=PA98&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=TMANAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA90&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bana ba Nongoloza</title>
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    <id>11142</id>
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        <username>TsheleCAT</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>ke atollotse leqhepe</comment>
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      <text bytes="2070" sha1="c9n5gxi8rx8fyn48gm43cc9lg1airxc" xml:space="preserve">'''''Bana ba Nongoloza: Dihlopha tsa Chankana ya Bophirimela ba Cape Nakong ya Kgethollo le Kamora Kgethollo''''', buka e ngotsoeng e le buka e buang ka dihlopha tsa chankana tse tswang ditjhankaneng tsa [[Kapa Bophirimela|Western Cape]] nakong ya kgethollo ya morabe le ka mora kgethollo ya morabe, e ngoletswe Setsi sa Thuto ya Pefo le Poelano ke Jonny Steinberg .   E hlahloba ho ata ha dihlopha tsa dikenke setjhabeng le diteronkong mme e fana ka dikgothaletso tsa ho rarolla dikgoka tsa dikenke tsa kamora [[Kgethollo ya merabe|kgethollo ya morabe]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://csvr.org.za/nongolozas-children-western-cape-prison-gangs-during-and-after-apartheid/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kakaretso ==
Mongodi o ngola hore o qetile dikgwedi tse robong a etsa dipatlisiso Setsing sa Kamohelo sa Teronko ya Pollsmoor. Moo, o ile a buisana le batshwaruwa, bao boholo ba bona ba neng ba emetse ho hlahiswa ka pela lekgotla. Ka nako ya dikgwedi tse 18, o ile a buisana ledlitho tse ka bang 30 tsa dihlopha tsa dinokwane (di-gang) tse nang le boiphihlelo ba nako e telele. Nakong ya dilemo tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990, bohle ba ile ba qeta nako ya bona ya kotlo diteronkong tse fapaneng sebakeng sa Western Cape.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.studocu.com/en-za/document/university-of-the-free-state/introduction-to-criminology/nongolozaschildren-number-gangs/70419910?sid=a9fe6c83-bcb1-4971-84e2-f5c11161829b1793261556&lt;/ref&gt;

Ho ea ka Steinberg, dihlopha tsena tse tsejwang e le &quot;The Numbers Gangs&quot; di fumana pululelo ho motho oa nalane ya bitswang Nongoloza Mathebula—eo lebitso la hae la tswalo e neng e le Mzuzephi Mathebula—e leng yena ya ileng a theha dihlopha tsena Afrika Borwa. Kaha e ne e le senokwane Johannesburg mehleng ya kgale, o ile a theha sehlopha sa batho ba tlolang molao se neng se hlophisitswe ka mokgwa o tshwanang le wa sesole; o ile a kopanya lebotho la hae le lenyenyane ka ho sebedisa filosofi e bonolo empa e matla, e neng e hlalosa diketso tsa botlokotsebe e le mofuta wa ho hanyetsa bokolone.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/nongoloza-king-ninevites&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ofisi ya ditaba tsa Merabe ya Afrika Borwa</title>
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      <id>42005</id>
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        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1666" sha1="a9a1ce0vvgcx2psgpi6x9qfapy6fe85" xml:space="preserve">'''Ofisi ya Afrika Borwa ya ditaba tsa Morabe''' ( '''SABRA''' ) ( [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]] : ''Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede'' ) e ne e le setsi sa litsebi sa Afrika Borwa se thehilweng Univesithing ya Stellenbosch . &lt;ref&gt;http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4154/1/John_Lazar_-_The_role_of_the_South_African_bureau_of_racial_affairs_in_the_formulation_of_apartheid_ideology,_1948-1961.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;   E thehilwe ka 1948 ka boithaopo ba Afrikaner Broederbond e le sebaka sa Setsi sa dikamano tsa Merabe sa Afrika Borwa se lokolohileng .  

Bathehi-mmoho le yona e ne e le barutehi ba Ma-afrikanere haholo-holo, mme ba ne ba kenyelletsa Eben Dönges, Ernest George Jansen, Nico Diederichs, le Andries Charl Cilliers. WE Barker le Nic Oliver le bona e ne e le ditho tse nang le tshusumetso ho SABRA. WE Barker ya buellang karohano e &quot;taolong&quot; e tshwenya haholo, kaha e fana ka maikutlo a boikemisetso ba ho boloka boetapele ba makgowa le ho busa dihlopha tse ding tsa merabe. Karohano e “tshekaletseng” e ka be e bolela mokgwa o lekanang haholwanyane, o ananelang ditokelo le seriti se lekanang sa batho bohle, ho sa tsotelehe morabe. Mokgwa ona o ne o tla ikemisetsa ho sebetsana le ho hloka toka ha nalane le ho khothaletsa tekano ya nnete le poelano.SABRA e ne e batla ho fana ka mabaka a thuto le a khopolo-taba bakeng sa leano la [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] la [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Apartheid]], mme e ile ea susumetsa ntshetsopele ya leano leo dilemong tsa bo-1950 le ho feta. Ditho tse mmalwa tsa SABRA Di bile le seabo sa bohlokwa Khomisheneng ya Tomlinson, e ileng ya theha leano la ho ntshetsapele Ma [[Bantustan|-Bantustan]] .</text>
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      <text bytes="1774" sha1="ighs0k8esuo8hvn17cvh8fvqmvsfqkn" xml:space="preserve">'''Ofisi ya Afrika Borwa ya ditaba tsa Morabe''' ( '''SABRA''' ) ( [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]] : ''Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede'' ) e ne e le setsi sa litsebi sa Afrika Borwa se thehilweng Univesithing ya Stellenbosch . &lt;ref&gt;http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4154/1/John_Lazar_-_The_role_of_the_South_African_bureau_of_racial_affairs_in_the_formulation_of_apartheid_ideology,_1948-1961.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03216.htm&lt;/ref&gt;  E thehilwe ka 1948 ka boithaopo ba Afrikaner Broederbond e le sebaka sa Setsi sa dikamano tsa Merabe sa Afrika Borwa se lokolohileng .  

Bathehi-mmoho le yona e ne e le barutehi ba Ma-afrikanere haholo-holo, mme ba ne ba kenyelletsa Eben Dönges, Ernest George Jansen, Nico Diederichs, le Andries Charl Cilliers. WE Barker le Nic Oliver le bona e ne e le ditho tse nang le tshusumetso ho SABRA. WE Barker ya buellang karohano e &quot;taolong&quot; e tshwenya haholo, kaha e fana ka maikutlo a boikemisetso ba ho boloka boetapele ba makgowa le ho busa dihlopha tse ding tsa merabe. Karohano e “tshekaletseng” e ka be e bolela mokgwa o lekanang haholwanyane, o ananelang ditokelo le seriti se lekanang sa batho bohle, ho sa tsotelehe morabe. Mokgwa ona o ne o tla ikemisetsa ho sebetsana le ho hloka toka ha nalane le ho khothaletsa tekano ya nnete le poelano.SABRA e ne e batla ho fana ka mabaka a thuto le a khopolo-taba bakeng sa leano la [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] la [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Apartheid]], mme e ile ea susumetsa ntshetsopele ya leano leo dilemong tsa bo-1950 le ho feta. Ditho tse mmalwa tsa SABRA Di bile le seabo sa bohlokwa Khomisheneng ya Tomlinson, e ileng ya theha leano la ho ntshetsapele Ma [[Bantustan|-Bantustan]] .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>42007</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-28T15:59:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <text bytes="1872" sha1="04lu0lodykzsir5iz4xtuk2f71iepl8" xml:space="preserve">'''Ofisi ya Afrika Borwa ya ditaba tsa Morabe''' ( '''SABRA''' ) ( [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]] : ''Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede'' ) e ne e le setsi sa litsebi sa Afrika Borwa se thehilweng Univesithing ya Stellenbosch . &lt;ref&gt;http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4154/1/John_Lazar_-_The_role_of_the_South_African_bureau_of_racial_affairs_in_the_formulation_of_apartheid_ideology,_1948-1961.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03216.htm&lt;/ref&gt;  E thehilwe ka 1948 ka boithaopo ba Afrikaner Broederbond e le sebaka sa Setsi sa dikamano tsa Merabe sa Afrika Borwa se lokolohileng .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

Bathehi-mmoho le yona e ne e le barutehi ba Ma-afrikanere haholo-holo, mme ba ne ba kenyelletsa Eben Dönges, Ernest George Jansen, Nico Diederichs, le Andries Charl Cilliers.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0798105623&lt;/ref&gt; WE Barker le Nic Oliver le bona e ne e le ditho tse nang le tshusumetso ho SABRA. WE Barker ya buellang karohano e &quot;taolong&quot; e tshwenya haholo, kaha e fana ka maikutlo a boikemisetso ba ho boloka boetapele ba makgowa le ho busa dihlopha tse ding tsa merabe. Karohano e “tshekaletseng” e ka be e bolela mokgwa o lekanang haholwanyane, o ananelang ditokelo le seriti se lekanang sa batho bohle, ho sa tsotelehe morabe. Mokgwa ona o ne o tla ikemisetsa ho sebetsana le ho hloka toka ha nalane le ho khothaletsa tekano ya nnete le poelano.SABRA e ne e batla ho fana ka mabaka a thuto le a khopolo-taba bakeng sa leano la [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] la [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Apartheid]], mme e ile ea susumetsa ntshetsopele ya leano leo dilemong tsa bo-1950 le ho feta. Ditho tse mmalwa tsa SABRA Di bile le seabo sa bohlokwa Khomisheneng ya Tomlinson, e ileng ya theha leano la ho ntshetsapele Ma [[Bantustan|-Bantustan]] .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>42008</id>
      <parentid>42007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-28T16:01:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Satane-mautlwa</username>
        <id>13259</id>
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      <comment>Ke kentse sengolwa</comment>
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      <text bytes="1905" sha1="hrsgvhmdukde9uhj75tur1cfolvc60d" xml:space="preserve">'''Ofisi ya Afrika Borwa ya ditaba tsa Morabe''' ( '''SABRA''' ) ( [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]] : ''Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede'' ) e ne e le setsi sa litsebi sa Afrika Borwa se thehilweng Univesithing ya Stellenbosch . &lt;ref&gt;http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4154/1/John_Lazar_-_The_role_of_the_South_African_bureau_of_racial_affairs_in_the_formulation_of_apartheid_ideology,_1948-1961.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03216.htm&lt;/ref&gt;  E thehilwe ka 1948 ka boithaopo ba Afrikaner Broederbond e le sebaka sa Setsi sa dikamano tsa Merabe sa Afrika Borwa se lokolohileng .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

Bathehi-mmoho le yona e ne e le barutehi ba Ma-afrikanere haholo-holo, mme ba ne ba kenyelletsa Eben Dönges, Ernest George Jansen, Nico Diederichs, le Andries Charl Cilliers.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0798105623&lt;/ref&gt; WE Barker le Nic Oliver le bona e ne e le ditho tse nang le tshusumetso ho SABRA. WE Barker ya buellang karohano e &quot;taolong&quot; e tshwenya haholo, kaha e fana ka maikutlo a boikemisetso ba ho boloka boetapele ba makgowa le ho busa dihlopha tse ding tsa merabe. Karohano e “tshekaletseng” e ka be e bolela mokgwa o lekanang haholwanyane, o ananelang ditokelo le seriti se lekanang sa batho bohle, ho sa tsotelehe morabe. Mokgwa ona o ne o tla ikemisetsa ho sebetsana le ho hloka toka ha nalane le ho khothaletsa tekano ya nnete le poelano.SABRA e ne e batla ho fana ka mabaka a thuto le a khopolo-taba bakeng sa leano la [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] la [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Apartheid]], mme e ile ea susumetsa ntshetsopele ya leano leo dilemong tsa bo-1950 le ho feta. Ditho tse mmalwa tsa SABRA Di bile le seabo sa bohlokwa Khomisheneng ya Tomlinson, e ileng ya theha leano la ho ntshetsapele Ma [[Bantustan|-Bantustan]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1897" sha1="5tpusq1dd18nn6zw31bw3pyoabcf1zr" xml:space="preserve">'''Ofisi ya Afrika Borwa ya ditaba tsa Morabe''' ('''SABRA''') ([[Seburu|Seafrikanse]]: ''Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede'') e ne e le setsi sa litsebi sa Afrika Borwa se thehilweng Univesithing ya Stellenbosch. &lt;ref&gt;http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4154/1/John_Lazar_-_The_role_of_the_South_African_bureau_of_racial_affairs_in_the_formulation_of_apartheid_ideology,_1948-1961.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03216.htm&lt;/ref&gt; E thehilwe ka 1948 ka boithaopo ba Afrikaner Broederbond e le sebaka sa Setsi sa dikamano tsa Merabe sa Afrika Borwa se lokolohileng .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

Bathehi-mmoho le yona e ne e le barutehi ba Ma-afrikanere haholo-holo, mme ba ne ba kenyelletsa Eben Dönges, Ernest George Jansen, Nico Diederichs, le Andries Charl Cilliers.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0798105623&lt;/ref&gt; WE Barker le Nic Oliver le bona e ne e le ditho tse nang le tshusumetso ho SABRA. WE Barker ya buellang karohano e &quot;taolong&quot; e tshwenya haholo, kaha e fana ka maikutlo a boikemisetso ba ho boloka boetapele ba makgowa le ho busa dihlopha tse ding tsa merabe. Karohano e “tshekaletseng” e ka be e bolela mokgwa o lekanang haholwanyane, o ananelang ditokelo le seriti se lekanang sa batho bohle, ho sa tsotelehe morabe. Mokgwa ona o ne o tla ikemisetsa ho sebetsana le ho hloka toka ha nalane le ho khothaletsa tekano ya nnete le poelano.SABRA e ne e batla ho fana ka mabaka a thuto le a khopolo-taba bakeng sa leano la [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] la [[Kgethollo ya merabe|Apartheid]], mme e ile ea susumetsa ntshetsopele ya leano leo dilemong tsa bo-1950 le ho feta. Ditho tse mmalwa tsa SABRA Di bile le seabo sa bohlokwa Khomisheneng ya Tomlinson, e ileng ya theha leano la ho ntshetsapele Ma [[Bantustan|-Bantustan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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    <title>Seitlhamo Motsapi</title>
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      <text bytes="1667" sha1="le13h6y7qxcz1iowu406mtu17pjlutd" xml:space="preserve">'''Seitlhamo Motsapi''', seroki sa [[Afrika Borwa]] seo mesebetsi ya sona e phatlaladitsweng dibukeng tse ngata tsa dibuka le dikoranteng tsa matjhaba, o hlahile ka selemo sa 1966 motseng wa  [[Bela-Bela|Bela Bela]], [[Limpopo]] .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.unpress.co.za/author.php?action=displayauthor&amp;conf%5Bauthorid%5D=222&lt;/ref&gt; Eo e kileng ya eba morupedi wa univesithi le setho sa ofisi ya Mo-presidente, o ile a itokolla mosebetsing wa ho ba mongodi wa dipuo wa Mo-presidente Thabo Mbeki ka 2002 kaha o ne a ikutlwa hore mosebetsi oo o &quot;beha melao-motheo ya hae kotsing&quot; (Meyer, 2018). O ile a ikgula bophelong ba setjhaba, kaha pejana o ne a 'tlohetse mosebetsi' dithothokisong.

Pokello wa Motsapi ya ''earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e phatlaladitswe ke Deep South ka 1995 mme ya hatiswa hape ka 2003. Thothokiso ya hae e kgethollwa ka boitlamo ba setjhaba le ba dipolotiki. 

Buka ya hae ya dithothokiso ya ''Earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e ile ea roriswa ha e hlaha e le &quot;se fapaneng haholo le dipuo tsa semmuso tsa pietistic tsa Afrika Borwa tsa poelano, pokello ena e kopanya ka bokgabane sesole sa Afrika-Bophirime, bomoya ba lerato, le tlhaselo e matla hodima neo-colonialism ka mefuta ya yona ya lefatsheng le ya lehae&quot; (Chrisman, 1996). Thothokiso ya hae e tsebahala ka boikemisetso ba yona le bokgoni ba yona ba ho kgeloha Senyesemaneng se tlwaelehileng, hammoho le dintho tse ding tsa bohlokwa tse ntjha tsa botekgeniki ho kenyeletswa le bokgoni ba ho &quot;kopanya maikutlo a pono, a molomo, a monko, a amang le a kutlo ka nako e telele ka mokhwa o ferekanyang wa synaesthesia, le ho roba meedi ya metsi le a tiileng&quot; (Chrisman, 1996).</text>
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      <text bytes="1750" sha1="g1xvi4fxax1g5q1lc5ozqjpwcltqdgn" xml:space="preserve">'''Seitlhamo Motsapi''', seroki sa [[Afrika Borwa]] seo mesebetsi ya sona e phatlaladitsweng dibukeng tse ngata tsa dibuka le dikoranteng tsa matjhaba, o hlahile ka selemo sa 1966 motseng wa  [[Bela-Bela|Bela Bela]], [[Limpopo]] .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.unpress.co.za/author.php?action=displayauthor&amp;conf%5Bauthorid%5D=222&lt;/ref&gt; Eo e kileng ya eba morupedi wa univesithi le setho sa ofisi ya Mo-presidente, o ile a itokolla mosebetsing wa ho ba mongodi wa dipuo wa Mo-presidente Thabo Mbeki ka 2002 kaha o ne a ikutlwa hore mosebetsi oo o &quot;beha melao-motheo ya hae kotsing&quot; (Meyer, 2018). O ile a ikgula bophelong ba setjhaba, kaha pejana o ne a 'tlohetse mosebetsi' dithothokisong.

Pokello wa Motsapi ya ''earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e phatlaladitswe ke Deep South ka 1995 mme ya hatiswa hape ka 2003. Thothokiso ya hae e kgethollwa ka boitlamo ba setjhaba le ba dipolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=4jUOAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22Seitlhamo+Motsapi%22&lt;/ref&gt; 

Buka ya hae ya dithothokiso ya ''Earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e ile ea roriswa ha e hlaha e le &quot;se fapaneng haholo le dipuo tsa semmuso tsa pietistic tsa Afrika Borwa tsa poelano, pokello ena e kopanya ka bokgabane sesole sa Afrika-Bophirime, bomoya ba lerato, le tlhaselo e matla hodima neo-colonialism ka mefuta ya yona ya lefatsheng le ya lehae&quot; (Chrisman, 1996). Thothokiso ya hae e tsebahala ka boikemisetso ba yona le bokgoni ba yona ba ho kgeloha Senyesemaneng se tlwaelehileng, hammoho le dintho tse ding tsa bohlokwa tse ntjha tsa botekgeniki ho kenyeletswa le bokgoni ba ho &quot;kopanya maikutlo a pono, a molomo, a monko, a amang le a kutlo ka nako e telele ka mokhwa o ferekanyang wa synaesthesia, le ho roba meedi ya metsi le a tiileng&quot; (Chrisman, 1996).</text>
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      <id>42004</id>
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      <text bytes="1765" sha1="aywfmvhanzfdj3mxcdm4h2vozzf8rsu" xml:space="preserve">'''Seitlhamo Motsapi''', seroki sa [[Afrika Borwa]] seo mesebetsi ya sona e phatlaladitsweng dibukeng tse ngata tsa dibuka le dikoranteng tsa matjhaba, o hlahile ka selemo sa 1966 motseng wa  [[Bela-Bela|Bela Bela]], [[Limpopo]] .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.unpress.co.za/author.php?action=displayauthor&amp;conf%5Bauthorid%5D=222&lt;/ref&gt; Eo e kileng ya eba morupedi wa univesithi le setho sa ofisi ya Mo-presidente, o ile a itokolla mosebetsing wa ho ba mongodi wa dipuo wa Mo-presidente Thabo Mbeki ka 2002 kaha o ne a ikutlwa hore mosebetsi oo o &quot;beha melao-motheo ya hae kotsing&quot; (Meyer, 2018). O ile a ikgula bophelong ba setjhaba, kaha pejana o ne a 'tlohetse mosebetsi' dithothokisong.

Pokello wa Motsapi ya ''earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e phatlaladitswe ke Deep South ka 1995 mme ya hatiswa hape ka 2003. Thothokiso ya hae e kgethollwa ka boitlamo ba setjhaba le ba dipolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=4jUOAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22Seitlhamo+Motsapi%22&lt;/ref&gt; 

Buka ya hae ya dithothokiso ya ''Earthstepper / lewatle le sa tebang haholo'' e ile ea roriswa ha e hlaha e le &quot;se fapaneng haholo le dipuo tsa semmuso tsa pietistic tsa Afrika Borwa tsa poelano, pokello ena e kopanya ka bokgabane sesole sa Afrika-Bophirime, bomoya ba lerato, le tlhaselo e matla hodima neo-colonialism ka mefuta ya yona ya lefatsheng le ya lehae&quot; (Chrisman, 1996). Thothokiso ya hae e tsebahala ka boikemisetso ba yona le bokgoni ba yona ba ho kgeloha Senyesemaneng se tlwaelehileng, hammoho le dintho tse ding tsa bohlokwa tse ntjha tsa botekgeniki ho kenyeletswa le bokgoni ba ho &quot;kopanya maikutlo a pono, a molomo, a monko, a amang le a kutlo ka nako e telele ka mokhwa o ferekanyang wa synaesthesia, le ho roba meedi ya metsi le a tiileng&quot; (Chrisman, 1996).

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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    <title>David Tlale</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323222765|David Tlale]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="706" sha1="p4wzmu8zm91p6irvzikrl1538hrdnhm" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.</text>
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      <text bytes="837" sha1="fjvrckaht3koe23h0lfe08zov3u9atf" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.</text>
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      <text bytes="958" sha1="6xwmttzkxm0wmzziyqciy00ufcn01xx" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.</text>
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      <text bytes="1050" sha1="8510vjjg8a9rq194gyye3118zor0i1j" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.</text>
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      <text bytes="1202" sha1="1qapseh001fa7fd6j3fb7b19vc0shw8" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1316" sha1="eh81e68ddg9hhbh4uj29upyx83ju90j" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho Cape Town Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/david-tlale-honourary-doctorate/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <origin>42018</origin>
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      <text bytes="1340" sha1="8d2se07kss6cmzrw6ys8u1uenc8culo" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa Afrika Borwa. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho [[Cape Town Setediamo|Cape Town]] Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/david-tlale-honourary-doctorate/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <origin>42019</origin>
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      <text bytes="1344" sha1="1mzo94lzbfml9gttocbr4x8lfd8wkz2" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa [[Afrika Borwa]]. O hlahetse Vosloorus Afrika Borwa . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho [[Cape Town Setediamo|Cape Town]] Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/david-tlale-honourary-doctorate/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1348" sha1="gp8070cpa4l9fm2tbjszllyvxrf99eg" xml:space="preserve">'''David Tlale''' (ya hlahileng ka la 29 Pherekgong 1975) ke moqapi wa feshene wa [[Afrika Borwa]]. O hlahetse Vosloorus [[Afrika Borwa]] . O hodisitswe ke mme ya se nang molekane. Mosebetsi wa hae o bile wa bontsha ho [[Cape Town Setediamo|Cape Town]] Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, le Paris Fashion Week . O boetse o entse dipokello bakeng sa barekisi ba baholo ba kang Edgars . Tlale e ne e le semi-final Tlhodisanong ya Elle New Talent Show ya Beke ya Feshene ya Afrika Borwa ka 2002. Ka Motsheanong 2003, Tlale o ile a qala di-studio tsa meralo [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]] le Johannesburg .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/lifestyle/David-Tlale-on-the-business-of-fashion/-/1214/2859234/-/uxv8baz/-/index.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150326141408/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-david-tlale&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/tlales-bridalwear-defies-tradition-1894072&lt;/ref&gt;   

Ka 2022 Tlale o ile a fuwa lengolo la tlhompho ke Univesithi ya Theknoloji ya Tshwane, mme a nehela lengolo leo ho mme ya hlokahetseng.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/news/david-tlale-dedicates-honorary-doctoral-degree-to-late-mom-joyce-20221027&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/david-tlale-honourary-doctorate/&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Mehlodi ==</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377163670|Warden, Free State]]&quot;</comment>
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|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |[[File:Dutch_Reformed_Church_Warden_Free_State.jpg|250x250px|Dutch Reformed Church in Warden.]]&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-caption&quot;&gt;Kereke ya Dutch Reformed e Warden.&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[File:South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Warden is located in Free State (South African province)]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:30.086%;left:82.029%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Warden]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pl&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;right:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mookameli&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Sebaka se ka hare ho Free State (provense ya Afrika Borwa) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Bontša 'mapa oa Free State (provense ea Afrika Boroa) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[File:South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Warden is located in South Africa]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:45.178%;left:75.388%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Warden]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pl&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;right:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mookameli&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Sebaka se ka hare ho Afrika Boroa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Bontša 'mapa oa Afrika Boroa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
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|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Naha
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Profinse
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Foreisetata|Naha e Lokolohileng]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Setereke
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Mmasepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana|Thabo Mofutsanyane]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Masepala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Masepala wa Sebaka wa Phumelela|Phumelela]]
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;• Kakaretso&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |17,0 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (6,6 sq mi) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Baahi&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt; (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;• Kakaretso&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Ho ata ha metsi&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |646/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,670/sq mi) &amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Litlolo tsa morabe (2011) &lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Batho ba Afrika e Ntšo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |92.1%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• E [[Coloureds|Mebala]]-bala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.4%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• India/Asia&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.5%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• E tšoeu&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |6.4%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Tse ling&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.5%
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Lipuo tsa pele (2011) &lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Sezulu|MaZulu]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |62.9%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Sesotho]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25.2%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |7.2%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Senyesemane]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1.6%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Tse ling&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3.0%
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nako ea nako&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |UTC+2 (SAST) 
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Khoutu ea poso (mmila) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data adr&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;9890&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Lebokose la poso
| class=&quot;infobox-data adr&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;9890&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Khoutu ea sebaka
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |058
|}
Warden ke toropo e profinseng ya Free State ea [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] tseleng e kholo ea N3 pakeng tsa Johannesburg le [[Thekong|Durban]].

Toropo e 56 km ka leboea ho  le 106 km (66 mi) ka boroa-botjhabela-botjhabele ho [[Villiers]].&amp;nbsp;E ile ya behwa polasing ea Rietvlei ka 1912, ea phatlalatsoa ka selemo sa 1913, mme ya fumana boemo ba masepala ka 1920.Ho boleloa hore e rehilwe ka Charles Frederick Warden, mookamedi wa mobu wa [[Harrismith]] ho tloha ka selemo sa 1884 ho isa ho 1900.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n467/mode/2up&lt;/ref&gt;

Mokhanni le Dirkie Uys School ba keteka dilemo tse lekholo tsa bona ka September 2013.Toropo ena e na le e nngwe ya dikereke tse kgōlō ka ho fetisisa tsa Dutch Reformed tse Afrika Borwa, tse nang le ditulo tse ka bang 1750

Ka mora hore African National Congress e be le matla ka 1994, mehaho ya motse eo e ile ea senyeha. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] Hona joale litsela tse ngata ha li na lithaelese 'me mehaho e mengata ea sechaba e ntse e senyeha. Sehlopha se senyenyane sa baahi se ile sa kenya letsoho ho tsosoloseng Warden.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho ile ha hahoa kapa ha ntlafatswa tsela e ncha e khōlō le mehaho e 'maloa.Ho boetse ho hahoa le le leng la matamo a maholo ka ho fetisisa a masepala.Sebaka sa Warden (bohareng ba SA le tseleng e kgōlō ya N3 e hokahanyang Gauteng le Durban), phepelo ya metsi, mobu oa indasteri le basebetsi di e etsa sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya indasteri.Matlo a Warden a theko e tlaase.Ho boetse ho na le dibaka tsa indasteri le tsa bolulo. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] 

Sebaka sa temo se haufi le Warden se hlahisa karolo e kgolō ya ditapole, poone le nama e kgubelu ya naha. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] 

== Baahi ba tummeng ==

== Ditlhaloso ==</text>
      <sha1>9rt52rr1bpdjsqi7auq95hb1goylb3b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>42022</id>
      <parentid>42021</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-29T07:11:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TsheleCAT</username>
        <id>13263</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ke lokisa diphoso</comment>
      <origin>42022</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8862" sha1="ee75yos7nomj9yttx83f5pxpzfb7ce5" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox ib-settlement vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;Mookameli&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |[[File:Dutch_Reformed_Church_Warden_Free_State.jpg|250x250px|Dutch Reformed Church in Warden.]]&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-caption&quot;&gt;Kereke ya Dutch Reformed e Warden.&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[File:South_Africa_Free_State_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Warden is located in Free State (South African province)]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:30.086%;left:82.029%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Warden]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pl&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;right:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mookameli&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Sebaka se ka hare ho Free State (provense ya Afrika Borwa) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Bontša 'mapa oa Free State (provense ea Afrika Boroa) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[File:South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Warden is located in South Africa]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:45.178%;left:75.388%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Warden]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pl&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;right:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mookamedi&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Sebaka se ka hare ho Afrika BorWa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Bontša 'mapa oa Afrika Boroa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |Likhoarete:&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Warden,_Free_State&amp;params=27_51_14_S_28_58_00_E_region:ZA_type:city(10977) &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;27°51′14′′S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;28°58′00′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;Ke ne ke sa tsebe .&amp;#x48;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x6C;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x68;&amp;#x61;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;27.85389°S 28.96667°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-27.85389; 28.96667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:11}}&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Warden,_Free_State&amp;params=27_51_14_S_28_58_00_E_region:ZA_type:city(10977) &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;27°51′14″S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;28°58′00″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;27.85389°S 28.96667°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-27.85389; 28.96667&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Naha
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Profinse
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Foreisetata|Naha e Lokolohileng]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Setereke
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Mmasepala wa Setereke sa Thabo Mofutsanyana|Thabo Mofutsanyane]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Masepala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Masepala wa Sebaka wa Phumelela|Phumelela]]
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Sebaka&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;• Kakaretso&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |17,0 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (6,6 sq mi) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Baahi&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt; (2011)&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;• Kakaretso&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |10,977
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Ho ata ha metsi&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |646/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,670/sq mi) &amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Litlolo tsa morabe (2011) &lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Batho ba Afrika e Ntsho&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |92.1%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• E [[Coloureds|Mebala]]-bala&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.4%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• India/Asia&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.5%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• E tšoeu&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |6.4%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Tse ling&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |0.5%
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Lipuo tsa pele (2011) &lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Sezulu|MaZulu]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |62.9%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Sesotho]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25.2%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |7.2%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• [[Senyesemane]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1.6%
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |• Tse ding&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3.0%
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nako
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |UTC+2 (SAST) 
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Khoutu ya poso (mmila) 
| class=&quot;infobox-data adr&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;9890&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedbottomrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Lebokose la poso
| class=&quot;infobox-data adr&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;9890&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Khoutu ya sebaka
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |058
|}
Warden ke toropo e profinseng ya Free State ya [[Afrika Borwa]] tseleng e kholo ea N3 pakeng tsa Johannesburg le [[Thekong|Durban]].

Toropo e 56 km ka leboea ho  le 106 km (66 mi) ka boroa-botjhabela-botjhabele ho [[Villiers]].&amp;nbsp;E ile ya behwa polasing ea Rietvlei ka 1912, ea phatlalatsoa ka selemo sa 1913, mme ya fumana boemo ba masepala ka 1920.Ho boleloa hore e rehilwe ka Charles Frederick Warden, mookamedi wa mobu wa [[Harrismith]] ho tloha ka selemo sa 1884 ho isa ho 1900.&lt;ref&gt;https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n467/mode/2up&lt;/ref&gt;

Mokhanni le Dirkie Uys School ba keteka dilemo tse lekholo tsa bona ka September 2013.Toropo ena e na le e nngwe ya dikereke tse kgōlō ka ho fetisisa tsa Dutch Reformed tse Afrika Borwa, tse nang le ditulo tse ka bang 1750

Ka mora hore African National Congress e be le matla ka 1994, mehaho ya motse eo e ile ea senyeha. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] Hona joale litsela tse ngata ha li na lithaelese 'me mehaho e mengata ea sechaba e ntse e senyeha. Sehlopha se senyenyane sa baahi se ile sa kenya letsoho ho tsosoloseng Warden.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho ile ha hahoa kapa ha ntlafatswa tsela e ncha e khōlō le mehaho e 'maloa.Ho boetse ho hahoa le le leng la matamo a maholo ka ho fetisisa a masepala.Sebaka sa Warden (bohareng ba SA le tseleng e kgōlō ya N3 e hokahanyang Gauteng le Durban), phepelo ya metsi, mobu oa indasteri le basebetsi di e etsa sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya indasteri.Matlo a Warden a theko e tlaase.Ho boetse ho na le dibaka tsa indasteri le tsa bolulo. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] 

Sebaka sa temo se haufi le Warden se hlahisa karolo e kgolō ya ditapole, poone le nama e kgubelu ya naha. [Tlhaloso e hlokehang] 

== Baahi ba tummeng ==

== Ditlhaloso ==</text>
      <sha1>ee75yos7nomj9yttx83f5pxpzfb7ce5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>