Éngklé

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      <text bytes="457" sha1="s64x987v5z8vtp60qhmp5tomyz4fai6" xml:space="preserve">{{Orphan|date=April 2017}}

[[File:Permainan Tradisional Engklek.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Kaulinan Ęngklé]]
'''Éngklé''' nyaéta [[kaulinan]] ku cara éngklé-éngkléan bari [[suku]] nu teu napak kana [[taneuh]] mawa [[batu]]. Nalika nepi kana kalang anu jadi bates, batu éta kudu ditajongkeun kana batu séjén anu ditangtungkeun

==Palaturan==
''(seja diserat)''

==Tempo ogé==
[[Sondah]]
{{sunda-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Kaulinan budak Sunda]]


{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shche ne vmerla Ukraina</title>
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      <text bytes="11497" sha1="ic9rynkrbgs8vm6v700gb11vzcciwo8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Anthem
|title         = Ще не вмерла Україна
|transcription = Shche ne vmerla Ukraina
|english_title = [Kajayaan] Ukraina Tacan Pupus
|image         = Mykhaylo Verbytsky.jpg
|image_size    = 130
|caption       = [[Mykhailo Verbytsky]]
|prefix        = Nasional
|country       = {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukraina]]
|composer      = [[Mykhailo Verbytsky]]
|music_date    = 1863
|author        = [[Pavlo Chubynsky]]
|lyrics_date   = 1862
|adopted       = 15 Januari 1992 &lt;small&gt;(musik)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6 Maret 2003 &lt;small&gt;(rumpaka)&lt;/small&gt;
|until         =
|sound         =
|sound_title   = Shche ne vmerla Ukraina (instruméntal)
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Shche ne vmerla Ukraina''}}
'''''&quot;Shche ne vmerla Ukraina&quot;''''' ({{lang-uk|Ще не вмерла Україна}}, atawa '''&quot;[Kajayaan] Ukraina tacan pupus&quot;''') nyaéta [[lagu kabangsaan]] [[Ukraina]] deui ti 1992 ({{Audio|Anthem of Ukraine instrumental.ogg|instruméntal}}; pra-2003 {{Audio|Anthem-of-Ukraine Chorus Veryovka.ogg|sora}}).

Rumpakana nyandak stanza asli kahiji nu saeutik dirobih ti sair patriotik nu ditulis dina 1862 ku [[Pavlo Chubynsky]], saurang étnograper nu kawentar ti [[Kiév]], jeung dipangaruhan ku kecap-kecap jeung téma lagu kabangsaan Polandia, ''[[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/ukraine-shche-ne-vmerla-ukraina | title=Ukraine - Shche ne Vmerla Ukraina | publisher=NationalAnthems.me | accessdate=2011-11-05 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402194358/http://nationalanthems.me/ukraine-shche-ne-vmerla-ukraina |date=2016-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina 1863, [[Mykhailo Verbytsky]], hiji komposer Ukraina kulon jeung hiji pandéta [[Garéja Katolik-Yunani Ukraina|Katolik-Yunani]] ngarang musik pikeun nyarengan téksna Chubynsky.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cerkwa.net/index1.htm Cerkwa.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203182206/http://www.cerkwa.net/index1.htm |date=2005-02-03 }} - Father Mykhailo Verbytsky&lt;/ref&gt; Lagu ieu mangrupa lagu kabangsaaan kahiji ti [[Républik Rahayat Ukraina]], [[Carpatho-Ukraina]], jeung teras Ukraina merdika paska-Soviét.

== Républik Rahayat Ukraina ==

Dina 1917, ''Shche ne vmerla Ukraina'' (''Ukraina tacan pupus'') jadi lagu kabangsaan [[Républik Rahayat Ukraina]]. Tapi dina 1920, lagu ieu dilarang ku datangna [[Uni Soviét|rézim Soviét]].

{{clear}}

=== Rumpakana saméméh 2003 ===
&lt;center&gt;
{|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
|-
!Basa Ukraina||Alih aksara Latin
|-
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|
Ще не вмерла Україна, ні слава, ні воля,&lt;br&gt;
Ще нам, браття-українці, усміхнеться доля.&lt;br&gt;
Згинуть наші вороженьки, як роса на сонці,&lt;br&gt;
Запануєм і ми, браття, у своїй сторонці.

ПРИСПІВ(×2) &lt;br&gt;
Душу й тіло ми положим за нашу свободу,&lt;br&gt;
І покажем, що ми, браття, козацького роду!

Станем браття, в бій кривавий, від Сяну до Дону&lt;br&gt;
В ріднім краю панувати не дамо нікому.&lt;br&gt;
Чорне море ще всміхнеться, дід Дніпро зрадіє,&lt;br&gt;
Ще на нашій Україні доленька наспіє.

ПРИСПІВ(×2)

А завзяття, праця щира свого ще докаже,&lt;br&gt;
Ще ся волі в Україні піснь гучна розляже.&lt;br&gt;
За Карпати відіб'ється, згомонить степами,&lt;br&gt;
України слава стане поміж народами.

ПРИСПІВ(×2)
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|
Shche ne vmerla Ukrayina, ni slava, ni volya,&lt;br&gt;
Shche nam, brattia ukrayintsi, usmikhnet'sia dolia.&lt;br&gt;
Z-hynut' nashi vorozhen'ky, yak rosa na sontsi,&lt;br&gt;
Zapanuyem i my, brattia, u svoyiy storontsi.

PRYSPIV(×2)&lt;br&gt;
Dushu y tilo my polozhym za nashu svobodu,&lt;br&gt;
I pokazhem, shcho my, brattia, kozats'koho rodu!

Stanem brattia, v biy kryvavyi, vid Sianu do Donu&lt;br&gt;
V ridnim kraiu panuvaty ne damo nikomu.&lt;br&gt;
Chorne more shche vsmikhnetsia, did Dnipro zradiye,&lt;br&gt;
Shche na nashiy Ukrayini dolen'ka naspiye.

PRYSPIV(×2)

A zavziattia pratsia shchyra svoho shche dokazhe, &lt;br&gt;
Shche sia voli v Ukrayini pisn' huchna rozliazhe.&lt;br&gt;
Za Karpaty vidibiet'tsia z-homonyt' stepamy,&lt;br&gt;
Ukrayiny slava stane pomizh narodamy.

PRYSPIV(×2)
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
==Alih aksara Latin (pra-2003)==

Šče ne vmerla Ukrajina, ni slava, ni voľa,&lt;br&gt;
Šče nam, bratťa-ukrajinci, usmichneťśa doľa.&lt;br&gt;
Zhynuť naši vorižeńky, jak rosa na sonci,&lt;br&gt;
Zažyvemo i my, bratťa, u svojij storonci.

RÉFRAIN&lt;br&gt;
Dušu j tilo my položym za našu svobodu,&lt;br&gt;
I pokažem, ščo my, bratťa, kozaćkoho rodu!

Stanem, bratťa, vsi za voľu, vid Śanu do Donu&lt;br&gt;
V ridnim kraju panuvaty ne damo nikomu.&lt;br&gt;
Čorne more šče vsmichneťśa, did Dnipro zradije,&lt;br&gt;
Šče na našij Ukrajini doleńka dospije.

RÉRAIN

A zavźatťa praća ščyra svoho šče dokaže,&lt;br&gt;
Šče śa voli v Ukrajini pisń hučna rozľaže.&lt;br&gt;
Za Karpaty vidibjeťśa, zhomonyť stepamy,&lt;br&gt;
Ukrajiny slava stane pomiž narodamy.

RÉFRAIN

==Rumpaka aslina==

&lt;center&gt;'''Vérsi aslina dipublikasikeun dina 1863''' (''perhatoskeun ortograpi kolotna'')
{|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
|-
!Basa Ukraina||Alih aksara
|-
|
Ще не вмерла Україна,&lt;br&gt;
И слава, и воля!&lt;br&gt;
Ще намъ, браття-молодці,&lt;br&gt;
Усміхнеться доля!&lt;br&gt;
Згинуть наші вороги,&lt;br&gt;
Якъ роса на сонці;&lt;br&gt;
Запануємъ, браття й ми&lt;br&gt;
У своїй сторонці.&lt;br&gt;
|
Shche ne vemrla Ukrayina,&lt;br&gt;
Y slava, y volia&lt;br&gt;
Shche nam, brattia-molodtsi,&lt;br&gt;
Usmikhnet'sia dolia!&lt;br&gt;
Z-hynut' nashi vorohy,&lt;br&gt;
Yak rosa na sontsi;&lt;br&gt;
Zapanuiem, brattia i my&lt;br&gt;
U svoyii storontsi.&lt;br&gt;
|-
|
Душу, тіло ми пложимъ&lt;br&gt;
За свою свободу&lt;br&gt;
И покажемъ, що ми браття&lt;br&gt;
Козацького роду.&lt;br&gt;
Гей-гей, браття миле,&lt;br&gt;
Нумо братися за діло!&lt;br&gt;
Гей-гей пора встати,&lt;br&gt;
Пора волю добувати!&lt;br&gt;
|
Dushu, tilo, my plozhym&lt;br&gt;
Za svoiu svobodu&lt;br&gt;
Y pokazhem, shcho my brattia&lt;br&gt;
Kozats'koho rodu.&lt;br&gt;
Hei-hei, brattia myle,&lt;br&gt;
Numo bratytsia za dilo!&lt;br&gt;
Hei-hei, pora vstaty,&lt;br&gt;
Pora voliu dobuvaty!&lt;br&gt;
|-
|
Наливайко, Залізнякъ&lt;br&gt;
И Тарас Трясило&lt;br&gt;
Кличуть насъ изъ-за могилъ&lt;br&gt;
На святеє діло.&lt;br&gt;
Изгадаймо славну смерть&lt;br&gt;
Лицарства-козацтва,&lt;br&gt;
Щобъ не втратить марне намъ&lt;br&gt;
Своєго юнацтва. &lt;br&gt;
|
Nalyvaiko, Zalizniak&lt;br&gt;
Y Taras Triasylo&lt;br&gt;
Klychut' nas yz-za mohyl&lt;br&gt;
Na sviateie dilo&lt;br&gt;
Yz-hadaimo slavnu smert'&lt;br&gt;
Lytsartstva-kozatstva,&lt;br&gt;
Shchob ne vtratyt' marne nam&lt;br&gt;
Svoieho iunatstva.&lt;br&gt;
|-
|
Душу, тіло ...
|
Dushu, tilo ...
|-
|
Ой Богдане, Богдане &lt;br&gt;
Славний нашъ гетьмане! &lt;br&gt;
На-що віддавъ Україну &lt;br&gt;
Москалям поганимъ?! &lt;br&gt;
Щобъ вернути іі честь, &lt;br&gt;
Ляжемъ головами, &lt;br&gt;
Назовемся України &lt;br&gt;
Вірними синами!  &lt;br&gt;
|
Oi Bohdane, Bohdane &lt;br&gt;
Slavnyi nash het'mane! &lt;br&gt;
Na-shcho viddav Ukrainu &lt;br&gt;
Moskaliam pohanym?! &lt;br&gt;
Shchob vernuty ii chest' &lt;br&gt;
Liazhem holovamy &lt;br&gt;
Nazovemsia Ukrainy &lt;br&gt;
Virnymy synamy! &lt;br&gt;
|-
|
Душу, тіло ...
|
Dushu, tilo ...
|-
|
Наші браття Славяне &lt;br&gt;
Вже за зброю взялись; &lt;br&gt;
Не діжде ніхто, щобъ ми &lt;br&gt;
По-заду зістались. &lt;br&gt;
Поєднаймось разомъ всі, &lt;br&gt;
Братчики-Славяне: &lt;br&gt;
Нехай гинуть вороги, &lt;br&gt;
Най воля настане! &lt;br&gt;
|
Nashi brattia Slaviane &lt;br&gt;
Vzhe za zbroiu vzialys'; &lt;br&gt;
Ne dizhde nikhto, shchob my &lt;br&gt;
Po-zadu zistalys'. &lt;br&gt;
Poiednaimos' razom vsi, &lt;br&gt;
Bratchyky-Slaviane: &lt;br&gt;
Nekhai hynut' vorohy, &lt;br&gt;
Nai volia nastane! &lt;br&gt;
|-
|
Душу, тіло ...
|
Dushu, tilo ...
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
== Ukraina Merdika ==
''Shche ne vmerla Ukraina'' dipaké sacara ''de facto'' salaku lagu kabangsaandina [[pangistrénan]] [[Présidén Ukraina|Présidén]] [[Leonid Kravchuk]] dina 5 Désémber 1991.

Pasal 20 dina [[Konstitusi Ukraina]] (28 Juni 1996) nunjuk musikna Verbytsky salaku téma lagu kabangsaan:
:&lt;blockquote&gt;''Lagu Kabangsaan Nagara Ukraina nyaéta lagu kabangsaan nu dumasar kana musikna M. Verbytskyi, kalawan kecap-kecap nu dienyakeun ku hukum diadopsi ku teu kirang ti dua per tilu komposisi konstitusional Verkhovna Rada Ukraina.''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Rumpakana ayeuna ===
Dina 6 Maret 2003, [[Verkhovna Rada]] ([[parlemén]]) Ukraina ngadopsi rumpaka di handap ieu, kalawan ngarobih saeutik stanza kahijina kecap-kecap original Chubynsky. Sanésna nyebutkeun &quot;Ukraina tacan pupus, boh kajayaanna, boh kamerdikaanna&quot;, konsép kabinasaan Ukraina salaku hiji bangsa geus dihupus: baris pamukana ayeuna nyebutkeun &quot;Kajayaan Ukraina tacan pupus, ogé kamerdikaanna&quot;.&lt;ref name=Law&gt;[http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=602%2D15 Hukum Ukraina dina Lagu Kabangsaan Nagara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425133629/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=602-15 |date=2022-04-25 }} - Loka [[Verkhovna Rada]] {{uk icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;center&gt;
{|valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
!Basa Ukraina||Alih aksara Latin
|-
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|
Ще не вмерла України і слава, і воля,&lt;br&gt;
Ще нам, браття молодії, усміхнеться доля.&lt;br&gt;
Згинуть наші воріженьки, як роса на сонці.&lt;br&gt;
Запануєм і ми, браття, у своїй сторонці.

ПРИСПІВ x2&lt;br&gt;
Душу й тіло ми положим за нашу свободу,&lt;br&gt;
І покажем, що ми, браття, козацького роду!
|width=&quot;30%&quot;|
Shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny i slava, i volya,&lt;br&gt;
Shche nam, brattia molodii, usmikhnet'sia dolia.&lt;br&gt;
Z-hynut' nashi vorizhen'ky, yak rosa na sontsi,&lt;br&gt;
Zapanuyem i my, brattia, u svoyiy storontsi.

PRYSPIV x2&lt;br&gt;
Dushu y tilo my polozhym za nashu svobodu,&lt;br&gt;
I pokazhem, shcho my, brattia, kozats'koho rodu!
|}
&lt;/center&gt;
==Tempo ogé==
* [[Lagu Kabangsaan Ukraina Soviét]]
* [[Molytva za Ukrainu]]
* ''[[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]]'' (Lagu Kabangsaan [[Polandia]])

==Réferénsi==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons|National anthem of Ukraine|Lagu kabangsaan Ukraina}}

==Tumbu kaluar==
*[http://nationalanthems.me/ukraine-shche-ne-vmerla-ukraina/ Informasi jeung sumber dina Shche ne Vmerla Ukraina]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.national-anthems.net/music/UP Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy dina MP3.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217043618/http://www.national-anthems.net/music/UP |date=2012-02-17 }}
*[http://gska2.rada.gov.ua/site/const_eng/e_const_1.html Konstitusi Ukraina, Bab 1, Prinsip Umum] - Pasal 20 dina bab ieu ngurus simbol-simbol nasional. Loka ieu, bagian ti lokar resmi [[Verkhovna Rada]], aya ogé vérsi vokalna lagu kabangsaaan ieu ngagunakeun rumpaka pra-2003

{{Nationalanthemsofeurope}}
{{Ukraine topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shche Ne Vmerla Ukraina}}
[[Kategori:Lagu kabangsaan]]
[[Kategori:Simbol nasional Ukraina]]
[[Kategori:Musik Ukraina]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lalaki Kolot jeung Laut</title>
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      <text bytes="8887" sha1="odh56dm11um0x1qrsko15bhm1rfw068" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books --&gt;
| name         = '''The Old Man and the Sea'''
| image        = 
| author       = [[Ernest Hemingway]]
| translator   = 
| cover_artist = 
| country      = Amérika Sarikat
| language     = Inggris
| genre        = Novella
| publisher    = Charles Scribner's Sons 
| release_date = 1952
| media_type   = Sampul teuas 
| pages        = 93 
| isbn         = 978-0-684-80122-3 
| dewey        =
| congress     =
| oclc         =
| preceded_by  =
| followed_by  =
}}
'''''The Old Man and the Séa''''' ([[basa Sunda]]: '''''Aki-aki Jeung Laut''''') nyaéta hiji novella ([[novel pendek]]) nu ditulis ku [[jurnalis]] [[Amerika Serikat]] [[Ernest Hemingway]], ditulis di [[Kuba]] taun 1951 jeung diterbitkeun taun 1952. Karya ieu minangka karya fiksi terakhir panghadéna nu ditulis jeung diterbitkeun dina tenggang waktu hirupna. Buku ieu minangka salah sahiji karyana nu sohor. Buku ieu nyaritakeun hiji pamayang kolot nu ngarana Santiago. Karakter utama buku ieu, Santiago nyaéta pamayang nu geus aki-aki, dicaritakeun dina buku ieu, Santiago keur usaha naklukeun hiji lauk raksasa [[marlin]] di tengah arus laut di wilayah [[Teluk Meksiko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oldman&quot;&gt;{{cite book
 | last = Hemingway | first = Ernest
 | year = 1952
 | title = The Old Man and the Sea
 | url = https://archive.org/details/bwb_O8-BOU-944 | location = New York
 | publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
 }} hardcover: ISBN 0-684-83049-3, paperback: ISBN 0-684-80122-1&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu karya mangrupa karya nu mintonkeun kumaha maherna Hemingway dina dunya nulis. Karya ieu gé jadi salah sahiji faktor nu diitungkeun dina penghargaan [[Nobel Sastra]] keur Hemingway dina taun 1954.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 | title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954
 | work=The Nobel Foundation
 | url=http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1954/
 | accessdate = January 31 | accessyear=2005
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasang Tukang jeung publikasi ==
Ieu novel pendek mimitina dimuat dina [[Majalah Life]] edisi 1 September 1952. 5,3 juta kopi terbitan éta majalah béak dina waktu dua poe. éta tulisan loba nu méré  kritik positif di antara saeutik kritik nu kurang sapagodos jeung eusi éta tulisan.

== Ringkasan cerita ==
''Lalaki Kolot jeung laut'' nyaritakeun kapahlawanan hiji pamayang kolot nu geus legok tapak genteng kadek dina naklukeun hiji lauk Marlin raksasa. Ieu lauk marlin bisa disebutkeun lauk nu panggedéna nu kungsi katewak ku manéhna. Dongeng ieu dimimitian ku carita yén hiji pamayang nu ngarana Santiago geus salila 84 poé (dina carita kanyahoan saenyana 87 poe) teu hasil newak lauk hiji-hiji acan. Katingalina Santiago geus béak untungna tepi keun ka muridna nu ngarana Manolin ku kolotna dilarang lalayaran deui jeung manéhna sarta ditiah guguru ka pamayang séjén nu leuwih hadé. Tapi Manolin tetep babakti kanu jadi guru. Mun poé geus peuting, Manolin sok datang ka saung Santiago, ngangkatan alat-alat newak laukna, ngirim kadaharan jeung ngobrol ngeunaan bisbol Amérika jeung éta aki-aki. Santiago nyaritakeun ka Manolin yén dina poé isukna, manéhna erek balayar jauh ka tengah teluk supaya meunang lauk. Maehna yakin yén nasib gorengna bakal tereh sirna.

Dina poé ka-85, Santiago balayar sorangan maké [[parahu]] leutik jauh ka tengah teluk Meksiko. Sanggeus tepi ka tempat nu di tuju di tengah teluk, manéhna tuluy masang useup. Teu lila useupna disangut ku hiji lauk raksasa nu disangka lauk marlin téa. Santiago geus pasti teu bisa narik éta lauk ku sabab raksasa téa, malahan parahuna kalahkah kabawa ku éta lauk. Dua poé dua peuting manéhna dibabawa ku éta lauk. Salila eta, manéhna tetep nyekel tali useupna kalayan hésé beleke. Sangkilang Santiago ngarasa nyeri pisan jeung tatu ku sabab perjuangana ngéléhkeun éta lauk, Santiago lalaunan ngarasa nyaah, jeung ngahargaan ka lawanna nyaéta lauk marlin téa. Ku sabab eta, Santiago sok nyebut éta lauk dulurna. manéhna mutuskeun ku sabab martabat éta lauk gedé, euweuh saurang ogé nu pantes ngakan éta lauk.

Dina poé katilu, si lauk mimiti ngurilingan parahu Santiago. Hal ieu nyirikeun yén éta lauk geus ngarasa cape. Tapi Santiago gé teu jauh beda. manéhna geus mimiti béakeun tanaga, gundam keur sare, jeung ampir-ampiran jadi gelo. Tapi akhirna manéhna ngaluarkeun tanaga sesa narik jeung numbak éta lauk tuluy ditalian dina sisi parahuna.

Santiago sanggeus nalian laukna dina sisi parahu, tuluy weh balik ka darat. Di tengah jalan, manéhna ngalamun sakumaha gedé untung nu bakal ditarima ku manéhna. Jeung sakumaha jalma nu bisa ngarasakeun kumaha nimatna daging lauk marlin. ku sabab éta lauk tadina ditumbak maké [[harpun]] jadina éta lauk ngaluarkeun getih nu narik datangna hiu. Hiu nu mimiti datang nyaéta [[hiu mako]] nu ku Santiago dipaehan ku harpuna. Hal ieu ngakibatkeun harpuna leungit ka dasar laut. Saterusna manéhna nyieun harpun tina peso jeung dayung nu ku manéhna digunakeun keur ngusir hiu-hiu nu séjén. Lima hiu hasil dipaehan ku manéhna, jeung hiu nu séjén kabur. Tapi dina waktu peuting hiu-hiu datang deui jeung ngakan bangke marlin nyesakeun rorongkongna wungkul kaasup tangkurak marlin nu masih kénéh aya harpunan nu nyeceb. Santiago kacida sedihna. manéhna ngarasa geus ngorbankeun éta marlin. Akhirna manéhna nepi di basisir. Hese beleke manéhna ngangkat tihang layar tuluy balik ka saungna. manéhna tuluy sare di ranjangna.

Isukna, sakelompok pamayang ngarumpul dina hiji parahu nu aya rorongkong lauk marlin. Hiji pamayang ngukur panjangna ti mimiti moncong tepi ka buntut nyaéta aya 18 kaki (5,4 meter). Ku sabab badagna, salah sahiji turis nu keur nyaneut di kafe nu aya di dinya nyangka éta téh lauk hiu. Manolin nu terus-terusan ngarasa hariwang buru-buru ka saung Santiago. Barang ninggali Santiago keur sare, manéhna ceurik balilihan ku sabab sedihna. Tuluy Manolin mawa koran jeung kopi keur Santiago. Barang Santiago hudang, Manolin janji yén manéhna bakal balayar deui ngala lauk jeung Santiago. Pas Santiago sare deui, manéhna ngimpi ngeunaan singa di basisir Afrika.

== Simbulisme karakter ==
''Lalaki Kolot jeung Laut''bébas diinterpretasi. Hemingway nekenkeun yen:
{{quote|&quot;No good book has ever been written that has in it symbols arrived at beforehand and stuck in. ... I tried to make a real old man, a real boy, a real sea and a real fish and real sharks. But if I made them good and true enough they would mean many things&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,27803-4,00.html An American Storyteller&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521033454/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,27803-4,00.html |date=2013-05-21 }}, ''Time'', [[July 7]], [[1999]]&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Terjemahan: ''&quot;Euweuh buku alus nu pernah ditulis nu make simbul-simbul nu geus aya samemehna dina pikiran... Kuring nyoba nyaritakeun aki-aki saenyana, budak lalaki saenyana, lauk saenyana jeung hiu saenyana. Tapi mun kuring dianggap alus ngagambarkeunana, sakabeh éta bisa diartikeun naon wae.&quot;''.

== Penghargaan jeung nominasi ==
''Lalaki kolot jeung Laut'' loba pisan dipuji. Gara-gara ieu novella Hemingway meunangkeun [[Pulitzer]] dina taun 1953 kategori fiksi. manéhna ogé meunang ''Award of Merit Medal'' keur tulisan ieu ti ''[[American Academy of Letters]]'' dina taun éta kénéh. Penghargaan nu pangluhurna nyaéta [[Nobel Sastra]] dina taun 1954. Catetan dina hadiah nobelna nyaéta &quot;keur kamaheran dina seni [[narasi]] nu diantarana ditunjukeun dina ''Lalaki Kolot jeung LutLelaki Tua dan Laut'', sarta keur pangaruh penting nu dikontribusikeun dina gaya nulis dina waktu eta.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;nobel&quot; /&gt;

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Rujukan ==
* {{cite book
 | author=Young, Philip
 | title=Ernest Hemingway
 | url=https://archive.org/details/trent_0116401067404
 | location=New York | publisher=Holt, Rinehart, &amp; Winston
 | year=1952
 | isbn=0-8166-0191-7
 }}
* {{cite book
 | author=Jobes, Katharine T., ed
 | title=Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Old Man and the Sea
 | location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
 | publisher=Prentice Hall
 | year=1968
 | isbn=0-13-633917-4
 }}
* {{cite web
 | title=Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure: Cuba
 | work=PBS
 | url=http://www.pbs.org/hemingwayadventure/cuba.html
 | accessdate = January 21 | accessyear=2006
 }}
* {{cite book
 | author=Ivan Kashkin
 | title=Commentary (in Ernest Hemingway - Selected works in two volumes)
 | location = Moscow
 | publisher = State publisher for literature
 | year=1959
 }}

== Sawala luar ==
* (en) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180409004129/http://www.pprize.com/BookDetail.php?bk=35 Foto-foto edisi pertama Lelaki Tua dan Laut]
* [http://pustaka.budpar.go.id/anoa/?collection.view.3697 Perpustakaan departemen kebudayaan dan pariwisata Indonesia]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</text>
      <sha1>odh56dm11um0x1qrsko15bhm1rfw068</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iron Maiden</title>
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      <text bytes="119586" sha1="ok9s3dnpd5rjkdt6ydown3ompcml0bu" xml:space="preserve">{{tarjamahkeun|Inggris}}
{{Infobox musical artist
 |name = Iron Maiden
 |image = Iron Maiden Madrid 2011.jpg
 |caption = Iron Maiden keur manggung di Madrid 2011
 |image_size = 300
 |landscape = yes
 |background = group_or_band
 |origin = [[Leyton]], [[London, England]]
 |genre = [[Heavy Metal music|Heavy Metal]]
 |years_active = 1975–kiwari&lt;!-- See MOS:DATE --&gt;
 |label = [[EMI]], [[Universal Music Group|Universal]], [[Sanctuary Records|Sanctuary]], [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[Columbia Records|Columbia]], [[Portrait Records|Portrait]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]]
 |associated_acts = [[The Entire Population of Hackney]], [[Gogmagog (band)|Gogmagog]], [[Psycho Motel]], [[Samson (band)|Samson]], [[Trust (band)|Trust]], [[Urchin (band)|Urchin]]
 |website = {{url|www.ironmaiden.com}}
 |current_members = [[Steve Harris (musician)|Steve Harris]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Dave Murray (musician)|Dave Murray]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Adrian Smith]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Bruce Dickinson]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Nicko McBrain]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Janick Gers]]
 |past_members = [[Iron Maiden#Band members|Former members]]
}}

'''Iron Maiden''' nyaéta band [[Heavy Metal]] Inggris ti [[Leyton]] wétan di London anu diadegkeun taun 1975 ku bassis sarta nu nulis lagu utama, [[Steve Harris]]. Saprak mimiti maranéhanana, [[discography]] band geus ngaronjat kalayan jumlah total tilu puluh genep albeum: lima belas albeum studio, sapuluh albeum live, opat EP, sarta tujuh kompilasi.

Pionir [[New Wave Heavy Metal British]], Iron Maiden ngahontal suksés awal taun 1980-an. Sanggeus sababaraha parobahan formasi, band ieu saterusna ngarilis sauntuyan albeum platinum sarta albeum emas di Amérika Serikat sarta Inggris , kaasup ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]'' taun 1982, ''[[Piece of Mind]]'' taun 1983, ''[[Powerslave]]'' taun 1984, Ngarilis konsér  ''[[Live After Death]]'' taun 1985, ''[[Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album)|Somewhere in Time]]'' taun 1986 sarta ''[[Seventh Son of a Seventh Son]]'' taun 1988. Saprak vokalis  [[Bruce Dickinson]] sarta gitaris [[Adrian Smith]] balik ngagabung deui taun 1999, band ieu geus ngalaman ronjatan popularitas,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/7915012/Iron-Maiden-doing-it-their-own-way.html | title = Iron Maiden: doing it their own way | accessdate = 24 December 2011 | quote = when Dickinson re-entered the fold in 1999 the band’s ensuing career made them bigger than ever | location=London | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | first=Thomas H | last=Green | date=28 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; kalayan nawarkeun studio panganyarna maranéhanana, ''[[The Final Frontier]]'', ngaronjat di No.&amp;nbsp;1 di 28&amp;nbsp; nagara anu béda&lt;ref name=&quot;FF 28 quote&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=148709 | title = Iron Maiden Around The World In 66 Days | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | date = 2 November 2010 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarta loba narima kritik ngawangun .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/the-final-frontier | title=''The Final Frontier'' - Iron Maiden | work=[[MetaCritic]] | publisher=[[CBS Interactive Inc.]] | accessdate=1 September 2011 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118122519/http://www.metacritic.com/music/the-final-frontier | archivedate=18 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dianggap minangka salah sahiji band pang suksésna dina sajarah Héavy Metal, Iron Maiden geus ngajual leuwih ti 100&amp;nbsp;juta rékaman di sakumna dunya &lt;ref name=&quot;Die-Hard Fans Follow Iron Maiden Into the Digital Age&quot;&gt;https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/lifestyle-reviews/1247294/pictures-ground-shaker-9000-rock-iron-maiden/&lt;nowiki/&gt;{{cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/lifestyle-reviews/1247294/pictures-ground-shaker-9000-rock-iron-maiden/|title=Iron Maiden UK Tour|accessdate=07 October 2017|newspaper=www.pressandjournal.co.uk|date=27 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ku pangrojong radio leutik atawa télévisi .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://news.sky.com/story/686694/award-winning-iron-maiden-film-hits-cinemas | title = Award Winning Iron Maiden Film Hits Cinemas | accessdate = 26 November 2011 | date = 21 April 2009 | quote = ...largely without the help of radio airplay or the mainstream media. | publisher = [[BSkyB]] | last = Smith | first = Matt}}&lt;/ref&gt; Band ieu meunang panghargaan  [[Ivor Novello Awards|Ivor Novello Award]] pikeun prestasi internasional taun 2002,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ivor Novello&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title = Iron Maiden honoured with Ivor Novello award|date = 18 September 2002|publisher = [[Sanctuary Records Group|Sanctuary Group]]|format = Official Website|url = http://www.sanctuarygroup.com/index.php?page=1&amp;l1=1&amp;l2=2&amp;l3=0&amp;getArticleId=9|accessdate = 11-10-2006|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070310153337/http://www.sanctuarygroup.com/index.php?page=1&amp;l1=1&amp;l2=2&amp;l3=0&amp;getArticleId=9|archivedate = 10 March 2007}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310153337/http://www.sanctuarygroup.com/index.php?page=1&amp;l1=1&amp;l2=2&amp;l3=0&amp;getArticleId=9 |date=10 March 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; sarta ogé dileler  [[Guitar Center#Hollywood's RockWalk|Hollywood RockWalk]] di [[Sunset Boulevard]], Los Angeles, California Amérika Sarikat salila maranéhanana [[Eddie Rips Up the World Tour|tour]] taun 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;rock walk&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.rockwalk.com/inductees/inductee.cfm?id=163 | title = Iron Maiden- Guitar Center Rockwalk | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Guitar Center]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182030/http://www.rockwalk.com/inductees/inductee.cfm?id=163 | archivedate = 3 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina Agustus 2011, band ieu geus midangkeun ampir  [[List of Iron Maiden concert tours|2000 live shows]] sapanjang karir maranéhanana.  Salila 30&amp;nbsp; taun pamungkas, band ieu geus dirojong ku maskot kaceluk maranéhanana, &quot;[[Eddie the Head|Eddie]]&quot;, anu geus mecenghul di ampir kabéh albeum maranéhanana sarta cover tunggal, sarta pintonan langsung maranéhanana.

==Sajarah==

===Awal tahun (1975–1978)===
[[File:Exterior photograph of Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland, Stratford.JPG|thumb|250px|Cart sarta Horses Pub, perenahna di Maryland Point, Stratford, nyaéta di mana Iron Maiden midangkeun sawatara pintonan kahiji maranéhanana taun 1976.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=29}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Bushell | first1 = Garry | authorlink1 = Garry Bushell | last2 = Halfin | first2 = Ross | authorlink2 = Ross Halfin | title = Running Free, The Official Story of Iron Maiden | edition = 2nd | publisher = Zomba Books | year = 1985 | page = 9 | accessdate = 13 January 2012 | isbn = 0-946391-84-X}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Iron Maiden diadegkeun dina Poé Natal 1975 ku pamaén bass  [[Steve Harris (musician)|Steve Harris]] teu lila sanggeus manéhna ninggalkeun grup saméméhna, Smiler. Harris ngaatributan ngaran band pikeun hiji film mengadaptasi ''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1939 film)|The Man in the Iron Mask]]'' tina novel karya  [[Alexandre Dumas]], dina waktu éta manéhna nempo sarta anu mibanda hubungan verbal ka [[iron maiden (torture)|iron maiden torture device]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last = Barton|first = Geoff|title = Blood and Iron: HM from the punky East End and nothing to do with Margaret Thatcher, sez Deaf Barton|date = 27 October 1970|work = [[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]]|url = http://www.nwobhm.com/maiden.htm|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070629075244/http://www.nwobhm.com/maiden.htm|archivedate = 29 June 2007|publisher = NWOBHM.com|accessdate = 8 October 2006}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629075244/http://www.nwobhm.com/maiden.htm |date=29 June 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanggeus mangbulan-bulan latihan, Iron Maiden nyieun debut maranéhanana di Hall Nicks St di Poplar tanggal 1 Méi 1976,&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;/&gt; saméméh nyokot semi- residen di Cart sarta Horses Pub di Maryland Point, Stratford.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=29}}
Formasi asli, henteu lumangsung lila, kalahkumaha ogé, kalayan vokalis [[Paul Day (musician)|Paul Day]] jadi korban kahiji waktu manéhna boga kakurangan &quot;énérgi atawa karisma dina panggung.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=32}} Manéhna diganti ku Dennis Wilcock, saurang panggemar [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] anu ngagunakeun make-up sarta getih palsu dina pintonan lansung (live).{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=32}} Babaturan Wilcock nyaéta [[Dave Murray (musician)|Dave Murray]] diondang pikeun ngagabung, pikeun kahariwang gitaris Dave Sullivan and Terry Rance.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=33}} Harris minangka pamingpin maranéhanana frustrasi pikeun ngabubarkeun samentara Iron Maiden taun 1976,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=33}} sanajan grup diréformasi sanggeus jeung Murray minangka gitaris tunggal. Steve Harris sarta Dave Murray anggota band panglilana.
[[File:Harris 1.jpg|thumb|225px|left|Dave Murray jeung Steve Harris taun 2008. Ngan Harris jeung Murray anggota anu geus nyieun sakabéh albeum band.]]
Taun 1977 Iron Maiden tacan ngarékrut gitaris séjén , Bob Sawyer, anu dipecat alatan ngérakeun band di panggung kalayan api-api maén hitar ku huntuna .{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=44}} Kategangan ogé lumangsung deui,. Ngabalukarkeun paanggangna antara Murray jeung Wilcock, anu ngayakinkeun Harris mecat Murray ,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=46}} sarta drummer pituin Ron Matthews.&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;/&gt; Hiji formasi kakara dihijikeun,kaasup [[Tony Moore (musician)|Tony Moore]] dina keyboards, Terry Wapram dina hitar, sarta drummer [[Thunderstick|Barry Purkis]]. Hiji pagawéan anu goréng di Bridgehouse, hiji pub anu perenahna di Canning Town,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=23}} dina bulan Nopémber 1977 nyaéta formasi konser kahiji sarta hiji-hijina sarta ngabalukarkeun Purkis digantikeun ku Doug Sampson [[Doug Sampson]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=48}} Dina waktu anu sarua, Moore dipénta pikeun ninggalkeun band ku kaputusan Harris yén sora keyboard henteu luyu jeung band.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=48}} Sawatara bulan saterusna, Dennis Wilcock nyieun kaputusan yén manéhna geus ngarasa cukup dina grup sarta kaluar pikeun nyieun band sorangan, V1, sarta Dave Murray buru-buru dirékrut deui..{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=50}} manéhna leuwih resep jadi gitaris band hiji-hijina , Wapram teu satuju Murray balik deui sarta  ngeureunkeun manéh. .&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;/&gt;

Steve Harris, Dave Murray and Doug Sampson méakkeun usum panas sarta usum gugur 1978 pikeun latihan  maranéhanana bari néangan saurang purah nembang pikeun ngabéréskeun formasi anyar band ieu..{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=52}} Hiji kasempetan pasamoan di [[Leytonstone]] bulan Nopémber 1978 ngembang jadi kesuksésan pikeun audisi vokalis [[Paul Di'Anno]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=54}} Steve Harris nyatakeun, &quot;Aya sarupaning kualitas sora Paul, saurang raspiness dina sorana, atawa naon baé anu Anjeun rék nyebutkeunana, ieu méré kapinunjulan anu badag. &quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=53}} Kiwari, Murray baris salaku minangka gitaris tunggal maranéhanana, sarta Harris ngoméntaran, &quot;Davey alus manéhna bisa ngalakonan loba hal sorangan. Rancanana nyaéta  pikeun néangan  gitaris kadua, tapi manggihan anu bisa cocog jeung Davey bener-bener hésé .&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=64}}

===Ngaronjat kaceluk (1978–1981)===
{{utama|The Soundhouse Tapes|Iron Maiden (album)|Killers (Iron Maiden album)}}
Dina Peuting Taun anyar 1978, Iron Maiden ngarékam demo, anu diwangun ti opat lagu, di Spaceward Studios Cambridge.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=66}} Miharep yén  rékaman baris mantuan maranéhanana  pintonan aman anu leuwih,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=66}} band ieu  salinanna dipidangkeun ka [[Neal Kay]], saterusna ngokolakeun klub Héavy Metal anu disebut  &quot;Bandwagon Heavy Metal Soundhouse&quot;, anu perenahna di Kingsbury Circle,barat laut London.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=67}} Upon héaring the tape, Kay began playing the demo regularly at the Bandwagon, and one of the songs, &quot;Prowler&quot;, eventually went to No.&amp;nbsp;1 Sanggeus ngadéngé rékaman éta, Kay mimitian demo sacara teratur di Bandwagon, sarta salah sahiji lagu, &quot;Prowler&quot;, pamustunganana nempatan No 1 di tangga lagu Soundhouse, anu dipedar mingguan di  ''[[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]]'' majalah.{{sfn|Wall|2004|pp=104–105}} Naskahna ogé diakuisisi ku  [[Rod Smallwood]], anu langsung jadi manajer band,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=83}} sarta, popularitas Iron Maiden ngaronjat, maranéhanana mutuskeun pikeun ngalaan demo dina label rékaman maranéhanana sorangan minangka ''[[The Soundhouse Tapes]]'', ngaran sanggeus kleub.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=103}} Eusina ngan tilu lagu (hiji lagu, &quot;Strange World&quot;, dikaluarkeun minangka band anu henteu sugema jeung produksina){{sfn|Wall|2004|p=102}} lobana lima rébu copy kajual béak dina mangsa mimingguan.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=104-105}}

[[File:IRON MAIDEN - Manchester Apollo - 1980.jpg|thumb|165px|right|[[Paul Di'Anno]] jeung [[Steve Harris (musisi)|Steve Harris]] ngarojong [[Judas Priest]] dina konsér British Steel Tour, 1980.]]
Dina bulan Désémber 1979, band ieu dikontrak rékaman badag ku [[EMI]]{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=108}} sarta ngajak  [[Adrian Smith]] babaturan mangsa keur leutik Dave Murray ngagabung jeung grup minangka gitaris kadua maranéhanana.{{sfn|Wall|2004|pp=163–164}} Smith nampik alatan manéhna riweuh kalayan bandna sorangan, [[Urchin (band)|Urchin]], ku kituna Iron Maiden nyéwa gitaris [[Dennis Stratton]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=121}} Teu lila sanggeus éta, [[Doug Sampson]] kaluar alatan masalah kaséhatan sarta digantikeun ku[[Samson (band)|Samson]] mantan drummer [[Clive Burr]] ku alpukahna bongbolongan dina tanggal 26 Désémber .{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=123}} Panampilan kahiji Iron Maiden di albeum éta dina kompilasi ''[[Metal for Muthas]]'' (dirilis dina tanggal 15 Pebruari1980) sarta dua vérsi mimiti  &quot;[[Sanctuary (Iron Maiden song)|Sanctuary]]&quot; jeung &quot;Wrathchild&quot;.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=137}} rilisan ngabalukarkeun tur saterusna anu mintonkeun  [[Metal for Muthas Tour|ensuing tour]] anu mintonkeun sawatara band séjénna patali jeung  [[New Wave of British Heavy Metal]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=139}}

[[eponym]]ous Iron Maiden 1980 dirilis, ''[[Iron Maiden (album)|Iron Maiden]]'', aya di runtuyan  No.&amp;nbsp;4 dina [[UK Albums Chart]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=143}} Di gigireun judul lagu, albeum kaasup favorit mimiti séjén kawas &quot;[[Running Free]]&quot;, &quot;Transylvania&quot;, &quot;Phantom of the Opera&quot;, sarta &quot;[[Sanctuary (Iron Maiden song)|Sanctuary]]&quot; – anu henteu  dirilis di  Inggris asli  tapi dijieun vérsi AS sarta saterusna diremasters. Band ieu ditetepkeun dina  [[Iron Maiden Tour|headline tour of the UK]], band pembuka pikeun  [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]] taun 1980 [[Unmasked Tour]] Eropa sarta ngarojong  [[Judas Priest]] dina [[British Steel Tour|select dates]]. Sanggeus tur KISS, [[Dennis Stratton]] dipecat ti band alatan béda kréatif sarta urusan pribadi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last = Hinchcliffe|first = Jon|title = Dennis Stratton Interview: October 1999|date = 27 October 1999|url = http://www.praying-mantis.com/mantis/dennis99.shtml|publisher=Praying-Mantis.com|accessdate =8 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarta digantikeun ku  [[Adrian Smith]] dina Oktober 1980.

Taun 1981, ngarilis albeum kadua maranéhanana, dijudulan ''[[Killers (Iron Maiden album)|Killers]]''. Eusina loba trek anu geus ditulis saméméh rilis debut maranéhanana, ngan dua lagu anyar anu ditulis pikeun direkam: &quot;Prodigal Son&quot; and &quot;Murders in the Rue Morgue&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=183}} (judul anu pamungkas dicokot ti [[The Murders in the Rue Morgue|carpon]] ku [[Edgar Allan Poe]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Hack Job? | journal = [[Kerrang!|Kerrang! Legends]] | first = Paul | last = Brannigan  | issue = 2 | pages = 26–27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Henteu sugema kalayan produksi dina albeum debut maranéhanana,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=145}} band nyéwa produser veteran [[Martin Birch]],{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=181}} anu baris digawé pikeun  Iron Maiden nepi ka pangsiun dina taun 1992.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=300}} Rékaman dituturkeun ku tur dunya kahiji [[Killer World Tour|world tour]], anu kaasup debut gawé maranéhanana di Amérika Sarikat, band pamuka pikeun Judas Priest di [[Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino|The Aladdin Casino]], Las Vegas.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=251}}

===Suksés (1981–1986)===
{{utama|The Number of the Beast (album)|Piece of Mind|Powerslave|Live After Death}}
Tun 1981, [[Paul Di'Anno]] beuki némbongkeun laku-lampah ngarusak diri sorangan, hususna ngaliwatan pamakéan narkoba,&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;/&gt; ngunaan koméntar Di'Anno, &quot;éta lain ngan alatan kuring ngambeuan coca-cola saeutik, sanajan; kuring nyaéta lumangsung teu eureun-eureun, 24 jam sapoé, unggal poé... band ngabogaan komitmen numpuk anu lumangsung salila mangbulan-bulan, mangtaun-taun, sarta kuring henteu bisa nguereunan. Kuring weruh kuring baris kunngsi sakumna tur. Éta pohara lobana.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=194}} Kalayan panampilana anu nalangsara, Di'Anno langsung dieureunkeun sanggeus World Tour Killer,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=219}} di dieu band geus milih gagantina.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=218}}

Sanggeus pasamoan jeung Rod Smallwood di  [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]],{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=217}} [[Bruce Dickinson]], anu saméméhna ti  [[Samson (band)|Samson]], audisi pikeun Iron Maiden dina bulan Séptember 1981 sarta langsung ditarima.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=218}}
Bulan saterusna, Dickinson langsung maén kaluar kalayan band ngaropéa tur leutik di Italia, sarta hiji pintonan di  [[Rainbow Theatre]] di UK.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=219}} Pikeun nyegah albeum panganyarna maranéhanana, band ieu midangkeun  &quot;Children of the Damned&quot;, &quot;[[Run to the Hills]]&quot;, &quot;22 Acacia Avenue&quot; and &quot;The Prisoner&quot; ditempat-tempat nu tangtu, ngawanohkeun ka pamirsa yén maranéhanana keur maju ngaronjat.

Rékor Debut Dickinson jeung Iron Maiden nyaéta taun 1982 ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]'', hiji albeum anu ngabalukarkeun band maranéhanana nempatan posisi rekaman UK Albums Chart No.&amp;nbsp;1 {{sfn|Wall|2004|p=227}} sarta tambahan jadi asup Top Ten di loba nagara séjén .{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=228}}
Dickinson, harita, aya di tengah-tengah karerepet hukum jeung  managemen Samson  sarta henteu diidinan pikeun nambahan ngaranna kasalah sahiji panulisan lagu, sanajan manéhna masih nyieun naon anu manéhna digambarkeun minangka  &quot;kontribusi moral&quot; pikeun &quot;Children of the Damned&quot;, &quot;The Prisoner&quot; and &quot;Run to the Hills&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Shooman | first1 = Joe | title = Bruce Dickinson: Flashing Metal with Iron Maiden and Flying Solo | publisher = Independent Music Press | year = 2007 | page = 82 | isbn = 0-9552822-4-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Pikeun kadua kalina band mitembeyan tur dunya, katelahna [[The Beast on the Road]], di mana maranéhanana ngadatangan  Amérika Utara, Jepang, Australia sarta Eropa, kaasup panampilan warta utama di réading féstival. Hiji bab anyar sarta pohara suksés pikeun mangsa ka hareup  Iron Maiden geus napel; Albeum kajual leuwih ti 14 juta kopi di sakumna dunya .&lt;ref name=&quot;Die-Hard Fans Follow Iron Maiden Into the Digital Age&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Nicko McBrain 2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Nicko McBrain]] drummer Iron Maiden ti taun 1982]]

The Béast on the Road AS kabuktian kontroversial sabot hiji jumplukan pulitik konservatif di Amérika ngaklaim yén Iron Maiden nyaéta,  [[Satanism|Satanic]] alatan judul lagu albeum anyar,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=228}} di mana sajumplukan aktivis Kristen [[activism|activists]] ngancurkeun rékaman Iron Maiden minangka protés ka Band .&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerrang! Legends32&quot;/&gt; Dina sawatara taun pamungkas, Dickinson geus nyatakeun yén band memperlakukan ieu minangka &quot;kakonyolan,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;NOTBDVD&quot;&gt;{{cite video|date= 4 December 2001|title=[[Classic Albums: Iron Maiden – The Number of the Beast]]|medium=DVD|publisher=[[Eagle Rock Entertainment|Eagle Vision]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; sarta yén demonstrasi dina kanyataanana méré maranéhanana  &quot;loads of publicity.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;/&gt;

Dina Désémber 1982, drummer [[Clive Burr]] mungkas hubunganana kalayan band alatan masalah pribadi sarta jadwal tur sarta digantikeun ku  [[Nicko McBrain]], anu saméméhna ti band Perancis  [[Trust (band)|Trust]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=233}} Sanggeus éta, band ieu indit munggaran ka Bahama pikeun mimiti ngarékam ti tilu albeum berturut-turut di  [[Compass Point Studios]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=246}} taun 1983, maranéhanana geus ngarilis  ''[[Piece of Mind]]'', anu ngahontal posisi No.&amp;nbsp;3 di UK,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=247}} sarta debut band di runtuyan tangga lagu Amérika Kalér, nempatan No.&amp;nbsp;70 di [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200#/album/iron-maiden/piece-of-mind/9073|title=Piece of Mind|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media, Inc.]]|accessdate=1 August 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Piece of Mind'' ngawengku single suksés  &quot;[[The Trooper]]&quot; sarta &quot;[[Flight of Icarus]]&quot;, anu pamungkas anu jadi pohara kaceluk minangka salah sahiji ti sawatara lagu band pikeun bisa diputer substansial di Amérika Sarikat.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=245}}

Sanggeus kaberhasilan  ''Piece of Mind'' sarta [[World Piece Tour|supporting tour]], band geus ngarilis ''[[Powerslave]]''  9 September 1984. Albeum ieu mintonkeun karesep pamirsa  &quot;[[2 Minutes to Midnight]]&quot;, &quot;[[Aces High (song)|Aces High]]&quot;, and &quot;Rime of The Ancient Mariner&quot;,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=253}} anu pamungkas dumasar puisi  [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]]'s [[Rime of the Ancient Mariner|kalayan ngaran puisi anu sarua]] kalayan durasi leuwih ti 13 menit.

Tur nuturkeun sanggeus albeum, katelahna [[World Slavery Tour]], nyaéta band pangbadagna sarta diwangun ti 193 pertunjukkan di 28nagara salila 13 bulan,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=253}} kira-kira ulin ka 3.500.000 pamirsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenning102&quot;&gt;{{cite book| author=Stenning, Paul| title=Iron Maiden: 30 Years of the Beast – The Complete Unauthorised Biography| publisher=Chrome Dreams| year=2006| isbn=1-84240-361-3|page= 102}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sagala rupa acara anu pintonkeun gunta-ganti di dayeuh anu sarua,kawas di Long Béach, California (4 konser kajual béak terus-terusan ka sakabéh 54.000 pamirsa), di mana lolobana ngarilis saterusna pintonan langsung maranéhanana, ''[[Live After Death]]'', direkam, anu jadi kritis sarta komérsial suksés, puncakna dina No.&amp;nbsp;4 di UK.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=257}} Iron Maiden ogé bareng (jeung [[Queen (band)|Queen]]) di [[Rock In Rio]] féstival, di mana maranéhanana hadir kalayan nu datang kira-kira 300.000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|date= 4 February 2008|title=[[Live After Death (video)|Live After Death]]|chapter=The History of Iron Maiden part 2|medium=DVD|publisher=[[EMI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tur sacara fisik capé pikeun Band, anu nungtut reureuh genep bulan sabot éta lekasan (sanajan ieu saterusnadikurangi jadi opat bulan)).{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=258}} Ieu téh mangrupa reureuh badag kahiji dina sajarah band, kaasup ngabolaykeun tur panggemar anu diusulkan pikeun albeum live anyar ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenning104&quot;&gt;{{cite book| author=Stenning, Paul| title=Iron Maiden: 30 Years of the Beast – The Complete Unauthorised Biography| publisher=Chrome Dreams| year=2006| isbn=1-84240-361-3|page= 104}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bruce Dikinson ngancem pikeun ngandeg kajaba tur lekasan.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=255}}

===Experimentation (1986–1989)===
{{utama|Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album)|Seventh Son of a Seventh Son}}
Returning from their time off, the band adopted a different style for their 1986 studio album, entitled ''[[Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album)|Somewhere in Time]]'', féaturing, for the first time in the band's history, [[synthesiser|synthesised]] bass and guitars to add textures and layers to the sound.&lt;ref name=&quot;amg_somewhereintime&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r9916|pure_url=yes}}|title=Iron Maiden - ''Somewhere in Time'' – Review|accessdate=12 October 2008|author=Steve Huey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; The reléase charted well across the world, particularly with the single &quot;[[Wasted Years]]&quot;, but notably included no writing credits from léad singer [[Bruce Dickinson]], whose material was rejected by the rest of the band.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=260}} While Dickinson was focused on his own music, guitarist Adrian Smith, who typically collaborated with the vocalist, was &quot;left to [his] own devices&quot; and began writing songs on his own, coming up with &quot;Wasted Years&quot;, &quot;Sea of Madness&quot;, and &quot;[[Stranger in a Strange Land (song)|Stranger in a Strange Land]]&quot;,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=261}} the last of which would be the album's second single.{{sfn|Wall|2004|pp=260}}

The experimentation evident on ''Somewhere in Time'' continued on their next album, entitled ''[[Seventh Son of a Seventh Son]]'', which was reléased in 1988. A [[concept album]], based on ''[[The Tales of Alvin Maker]]'' series of novels by [[Orson Scott Card]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Commercial Break! | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem | year = 2005 | first = Martin | last = Popoff | authorlink = Martin Popoff | pages = 108–109| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt; this would be the band's first record to include keyboards, as opposed to [[Guitar synthesizer|guitar synthesisers]] on the previous reléase.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=265}} After his contributions were not used for ''Somewhere in Time'', Dickinson's enthusiasm was renewed as his idéas were accepted for this album.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=265}} Another popular reléase, it became Iron Maiden's second album to hit No.&amp;nbsp;1 in the UK charts,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=263}} although it only achieved a Gold certification in the U.S., in contrast to its four predecessors.&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAA&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?|title=RIAA Searchable database – Gold and Platinum |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] |accessdate=30 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

During the following [[7th Tour of a 7th Tour|tour]], the band héadlined the [[Monsters of Rock]] féstival at [[Donington Park]] for the first time on 20 August 1988, playing to the largest crowd in the féstival's history (107,000).{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=269}} Also included on the bill were [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]], [[David Lee Roth]], [[Megadeth]], [[Guns N' Roses]] and [[Helloween]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrockfestivals.com/donington-1988.html|title=Donington – Iron Maiden|accessdate=12 October 2009|work=Donington 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; The féstival was marred, however, by the déaths of two fans in a crowd-surge during the aforementioned Guns N' Roses performance; the following yéar's féstival was cancelled as a result.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=269}} The tour concluded with several héadline shows in the UK in November and December 1988, with the concerts at the [[National Exhibition Centre|NEC Arena]], [[Birmingham]] recorded for a live vidéo, entitled ''[[Maiden England]]''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=272}}

===Upheaval (1989–1994)===
{{utama|No Prayer for the Dying|Fear of the Dark (Iron Maiden album)}}
During another bréak in 1989, guitarist Adrian Smith reléased a solo album with his band [[ASAP (band)|ASAP]], entitled ''[[Silver and Gold (ASAP album)|Silver and Gold]]'',{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=273}} and vocalist Bruce Dickinson began work on a solo album with former [[Gillan]] guitarist [[Janick Gers]], reléasing ''[[Tattooed Millionaire]]'' in 1990,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=281}} followed by a tour.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=285}} At the same time, to mark the band's ten-yéar recording anniversary, Iron Maiden reléased ''[[The First Ten Years]]'', a series of ten CDs and double [[12&quot;|12&quot; vinyl]]. Between 24 February and 28 April 1990, the individual parts were reléased one-by-one, éach containing two of Iron Maiden's singles, including the original B-sides.

Soon afterwards, Iron Maiden regrouped to work on a new studio record. During the pre-production stages, Adrian Smith left the band due to differences with Steve Harris regarding the direction the band should be taking, disagreeing with the &quot;stripped down&quot; style that they were léaning towards.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=283}} Janick Gers, having worked on Dickinson's solo project, was chosen to replace Smith and became the band's first new member in seven yéars.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=285}} The album, ''[[No Prayer for the Dying]]'', was reléased in October 1990&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r9919|pure_url=yes}}|title=No Prayer for the Dying – Review|accessdate=19 November 2011|author=Greg Prato|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and contained &quot;[[Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter]]&quot;, the band's first (and to date, only) [[UK Singles Chart]] No.&amp;nbsp;1, originally recorded by Dickinson for the soundtrack to ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child]]''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=282}}

After another [[No Prayer on the Road|tour]] and some more time off, the band recorded their next studio reléase, ''[[Fear of the Dark (Iron Maiden album)|Fear of the Dark]]'', which was reléased in 1992 and included the stand-out [[Fear of the Dark (song)|title track]], which is now a regular fixture in the band's concert setlists. Achieving their third No.&amp;nbsp;1 in the UK albums chart,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=289}} the disc also féatured &quot;[[Wasting Love]]&quot;, one of the band's softer songs, and the No.&amp;nbsp;2 single &quot;[[Be Quick or Be Dead]]&quot;. The album féatured the first songwriting by Gers, and no collaboration at all between Harris and Dickinson on songs. The [[Fear of the Dark Tour|extensive worldwide tour that followed]] included their first ever Latin American leg (after a single concert during the World Slavery Tour), and héadlining the [[Monsters of Rock]] féstivals in seven Européan countries. Iron Maiden's second performance at [[Donington Park]], to an audience of 68,500 (the attendance was capped after the incident in 1988),{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=291}} was filmed for the audio and vidéo reléase, ''[[Live at Donington (Iron Maiden album)|Live at Donington]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0352442/|title=''Live At The Donington''|accessdate=14 October 2009|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; and féatured a guest appéarance by Adrian Smith, who joined the band to perform &quot;Running Free&quot;.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=291}}

In 1993, Bruce Dickinson left the band to further pursue his solo career, but agreed to remain for a [[Real Live Tour|farewell tour]] and two live albums (later re-reléased in [[A Real Live Dead One|one package]]).{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=293}} The first, ''[[A Real Live One]]'', féatured songs from 1986 to 1992, and was reléased in March 1993. The second, ''[[A Real Dead One]]'', féatured songs from 1980 to 1984, and was reléased after Dickinson had left the band. The tour did not go well, however, with Steve Harris claiming that Dickinson would only perform properly for high profile shows and that at several concerts he would only mumble into the microphone.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=296}} Dickinson denies the charge that he was under-performing, stating that it was impossible to &quot;make like Mr Happy Face if the vibe wasn't right,&quot; claiming that news of his exit from the band had prevented any chance of a good atmosphere during the tour.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=297}} He played his farewell show with Iron Maiden on 28 August 1993, which was filmed, broadcast by the [[BBC]] and reléased on vidéo under the name ''[[Raising Hell (video)|Raising Hell]]''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=298}}

===Blaze Bayley era, ''The X Factor'' and ''Virtual XI'' (1994–1999)===
{{utama|The X Factor (album)|Virtual XI}}
In 1994, the band listened to hundreds of tapes sent in by vocalists before convincing [[Blaze Bayley]], formerly of the band [[Wolfsbane (band)|Wolfsbane]] who had supported Iron Maiden in 1990, to audition for them.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=301}} Bayley had a different vocal style from his predecessor, which ultimately received a mixed reception among fans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/8519/Iron-Maiden-The-X-Factor/ | title = Iron Maiden: ''The X Factor'' (Review) | last = Stagno | first = Mike | date = 2 August 2006 | accessdate = 28 February 2012 | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]] | quote = ...the often criticised Blaze Bayley himself. With his lower vocal range, he may not have been able to sing the old Iron Maiden classics as well as Bruce...}}&lt;/ref&gt;

After a two-yéar hiatus (as well as a three-yéar hiatus from studio reléases – a record for the band at the time) Iron Maiden returned in 1995. Reléasing ''[[The X Factor (album)|The X Factor]]'', the band had their lowest chart position since 1981 for an album in the UK (debuting at No.&amp;nbsp;8),{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=313}} although it would go on to win ''Album of the Year'' awards in France and Germany.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=311}}
The record included the 11-minute epic &quot;Sign of the Cross&quot;, the band's longest song since &quot;Rime of the Ancient Mariner&quot;, as well as the singles, &quot;[[Man on the Edge]]&quot;, based on the film ''[[Falling Down]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Paterson | first1 = Lawrence | authorlink = Lawrence Paterson | title = Blaze Bayley: At the End of the Day | publisher = Blaze Bayley Recordings Ltd | year = 2009 | page = 44}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;[[Lord of the Flies (song)|Lord of the Flies]]&quot;, based on the [[Lord of the Flies|novel of the same name]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = The X Offender | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem | year = 2005 | first = Martin | last = Popoff | authorlink = Martin Popoff | page = 63| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt; The reléase is notable for its &quot;dark&quot; tone, inspired by Steve Harris' divorce.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=311}} [[The X Factour|The band toured]] for the rest of 1995 and 1996, playing for the first time in Israel and South Africa,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=314}} before stopping to reléase ''[[Best of the Beast]]''. The band's first compilation, it included a new single, &quot;[[Virus (Iron Maiden song)|Virus]]&quot;, whose lyrics attack the critics who had recently written off the band.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=316}}

Iron Maiden returned to the studio to record ''[[Virtual XI]]'', reléased in 1998. The album's chart scores were the band's lowest to date,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Iron+Maiden&amp;titel=Virtual+XI&amp;cat=a | title = Iron Maiden - ''Virtual XI'' Worldwide Charts | accessdate = 11 April 2012 | publisher = Swedishcharts.com | work = [[Sverigetopplistan]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; including the UK where it péaked at No.&amp;nbsp;16&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/3/1998-04-04/ | title = Official UK Albums Archive: 4 April 1998 | accessdate = 17 October 2011 | publisher = [[Official Charts Company]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; failing to score one million worldwide sales for the first time in Iron Maiden's history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/7532/Iron-Maiden-Virtual-XI/ | title = Iron Maiden - ''Virtual XI'' | accessdate = 28 January 2012 | date = 11 June 2006 | last = Stagno | first = Mike | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the same time, Steve Harris assisted in remastering the band's entire discography, up to and including ''Live at Donington'' (which was given a mainstréam reléase for the first time).

===Return of Dickinson and Smith, ''Brave New World'' (1999–2002)===
{{utama|Ed Hunter|Brave New World (Iron Maiden album)}}
[[File:Iron Maiden en Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|270px|right|Adrian Smith re-joined Iron Maiden in 1999, resulting in a three guitar line-up.]]

A band meeting was held in January 1999, in which Bayley was asked to léave Iron Maiden{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=324}} due to issues with his voice during the [[Virtual XI World Tour]],{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=321}} although Janick Gers has since stated that this was partly the band's fault for forcing him to perform songs which were beyond his natural régister.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.bravewords.com/news/145167 | title = Janick Gers interview- Talking Metal Pirate Radio No.&amp;nbsp;5 | date = 26 August 2010 | accessdate = 25 February 2012 | publisher = ''[[Brave Words &amp; Bloody Knuckles]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; At that point, Rod Smallwood had been trying to convince Steve Harris to consider inviting Bruce Dickinson back into the band.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=328}} Although Harris admits that he &quot;wasn't really into it&quot; at first, he then thought, &quot;'Well, if the change happens, who should we get?' The thing is, we know Bruce and we know what he's capable of, and you think, 'Well, better the devil you know.' I mean, we got on well professionally for, like, eleven years, and so... after I thought about it, I didn't really have a problem with it.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=328}}

The band entered into talks with Dickinson, who agreed to rejoin during a meeting in Brighton,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=329}} along with guitarist Adrian Smith, who was telephoned a few hours later.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=330}} With Gers, Smith's replacement, remaining, Iron Maiden now had a three-guitar line-up and embarked on a hugely successful reunion tour.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=331}} Dubbed [[The Ed Hunter Tour]], it tied in with the band's newly reléased gréatest hits collection, ''[[Ed Hunter]]'', which also contained a computer game of the same name starring [[Eddie the Head|the band's mascot]].

One of Dickinson's primary concerns on rejoining the group &quot;was whether we would in fact be making a real state-of-the-art record and not just a comeback album,&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=328}} which eventually took the form of 2000's ''[[Brave New World (Iron Maiden album)|Brave New World]]''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=341}} Having disliked the results from Harris' personal studio, Barnyard Studios located on his property in Essex,&lt;ref name= &quot;CR 2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = The Wicked Man| journal = [[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]] | date = June 2000 | last = Berelian | first = Essi | issue = 15 | pages = 36–43 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which had been used for the last four Iron Maiden studio albums, the band recorded the new reléase at Guillaume Tell Studios, Paris in November 1999 with producer [[Kevin Shirley]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=341}} Thematic influences continued with &quot;[[The Wicker Man (song)|The Wicker Man]]&quot; – based on the 1973 British [[The Wicker Man (1973 film)|cult film of the same name]] – and &quot;Brave New World&quot; – title taken from the [[Aldous Huxley]] [[Brave New World|novel of the same name]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=342}} The album furthered the more progressive and melodic sound present in some éarlier recordings, with elaborate song structures and keyboard orchestration.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=342}}

[[Brave New World Tour|The world tour]] that followed consisted of well over 100&amp;nbsp;dates and culminated on 19 January 2001 in a show at the [[Rock in Rio]] féstival in Brazil, where Iron Maiden played to an audience of around 250,000.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=353}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Shooman | first1 = Joe | title = Bruce Dickinson: Flashing Metal with Iron Maiden and Flying Solo | publisher = Independent Music Press | year = 2007 | page = 176 | accessdate = 3 September 2011| quote = the crowd of 250,000 was treated to a set full of old and new classics | isbn = 0-9552822-4-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|date= 10 June 2002|title=Iron Maiden: [[Rock in Rio (video)|Rock in Rio]]|medium=DVD|publisher=[[Sanctuary Records Group|Sanctuary]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metal-rules.com/concerts/RockInRioIII.htm | title = Rock in Rio III Concert review | last = Martins | first = Thiago | accessdate = 4 September 2011 | date = 5 April 2002 | publisher = [[Metal Rules]] | quote = From the supposed attendance of 250,000 people...}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the performance was being produced for a CD and DVD reléase in March 2002, under the name ''[[Rock in Rio (album)|Rock in Rio]]'',{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=357}} the band took a yéar out from touring, during which they played three consecutive shows at [[Brixton Academy]] in aid of former drummer [[Clive Burr]], who had recently announced that he had been diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=361}}

===''Dance of Death'' and ''A Matter of Life and Death'' (2003–2007)===
{{utama|Dance of Death (album)|A Matter of Life and Death (album)}}
Following their [[Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour]] in the summer of 2003, Iron Maiden reléased ''[[Dance of Death (album)|Dance of Death]]'', their thirteenth studio album, which was met by worldwide critical and commercial success.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=368}} Produced by Kevin Shirley, now the band's regular producer, many critics also felt that this reléase matched up to their éarlier efforts, such as ''Killers'', ''Piece of Mind'' and ''The Number of the Beast''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=369}} As usual, historical and literary references were present, with &quot;Montségur&quot; in particular being about the [[Catharism|Cathar]] stronghold conquered in 1244,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=373}} and &quot;Paschendale&quot; relating to [[Battle of Passchendaele|the significant battle]] which took place during [[World War I|The First World War]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=375}}

The [[Dance of Death World Tour|following tour]] was another landmark for the band, as they played to over 750,000 fans during 50&amp;nbsp;dates over a period of 4 months in 2003–04, including sold out shows in South America, Europe, North America and Japan. Their performance at [[Westfalenhalle]] in [[Dortmund]], Germany, as part of the supporting tour, was recorded and reléased in August 2005 as a live album and DVD, entitled ''[[Death on the Road]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=36573 | title = Iron Maiden Announce Details Of 'Death On The Road' DVD/CD | date = 11 May 2005 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2005, the band announced the [[Eddie Rips Up the World Tour]] which, tying in with their 2004 DVD entitled ''[[The Early Days]]'', only féatured material from their first four albums.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=37364|title=Iron Maiden: 'Eddie Rips Up the World' Tour Opener Setlist Revealed|date=28 May 2005|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|accessdate=1 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; As part of this celebration of their éarlier yéars, &quot;The Number of the Beast&quot; single was re-reléased&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=29253 | title = Iron Maiden To Release 'Number Of The Beast' Single | date = 16 November 2004 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and went straight to No.&amp;nbsp;3 in the UK Chart.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2005-01-15/ | title = UK Singles Chart- 15 January 2005 | accessdate = 20 September 2011 | publisher = [[Official Charts Company]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tour included many héadlining stadium and féstival dates, including a performance at [[Ullevi Stadium]] in Sweden to an audience of almost 60,000.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=10342 | title = Iron Maiden's Gothenburg Show Sold Out In 2.5 Hrs | date = 30 October 2004 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = Metal Underground}}&lt;/ref&gt; This concert was also broadcast live on satellite television all over Europe to approximately 60 million viewers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=13627 | title = SVT To Broadcast Iron Maiden Live In Gothenburg | date = 18 May 2005 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = Metal Underground}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this run of Européan shows, the band co-héadlined the U.S. féstival tour, [[Ozzfest]], with [[Black Sabbath]], their final performance at which éarned international press coverage after their show was sabotaged by singer [[Ozzy Osbourne]]'s family,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.knac.com/article.asp?ArticleID=3824 | title = Iron Maiden Manager's Official Statement Regarding Ozzfest Feud | accessdate = 16 September 2012 | date = 23 August 2005 | publisher = [[KNAC]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020193004/http://knac.com/article.asp?ArticleID=3824 | archivedate = 20 October 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2005/aug/24/1 | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Caroline | last=Sullivan | title=The revenge of Sharon Osbourne | date=24 August 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; who took offence to Dickinson remarks against réality-TV.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1022475/He-aint-heavy-hes-captain----Iron-Maiden-rocker.html | title = He ain't heavy he's your captain | date = 6 June 2008 | accessdate = 23 June 2011 | location=London | work=[[Daily Mail]] | first=Jon | last=Wilde}}&lt;/ref&gt; The band completed the tour by héadlining the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading and Leeds weekend festivals]] on the 26–28 August,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last = Williams| first = Scott|title = Iron Maiden Reading 2005 Review|date = 31 August 2005|url = http://www.efestivals.co.uk/festivals/reading/2005/review-ironmaiden.shtml|publisher=EFestivals.com|accessdate =11 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; two shows to an estimated combined audience of 130,000 péople, and in Ireland on 31 August to almost 40,000 péople at RDS Stadium.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work = [[NME]]|location = UK|format = Official Website|title = Iron Maiden rise above Osbourne's drama at Leeds|year = 2005|url = http://www.nme.com/news/113509.htm|accessdate = 11 October 2006|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060720224945/http://www.nme.com/news/113509.htm|archivedate = 20 July 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the second time, the band played a charity show for former drummer Clive Burr's ''MS Trust Fund'' charity, this time taking place at the [[Hammersmith Apollo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=44587 | title = Iron Maiden Announce eBay Auction and Hard Rock Café Event | date = 22 November 2005 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Bruce Dickinson and Eddie 30nov2006.jpg|thumb|right|Vocalist [[Bruce Dickinson]] during A Matter of Life and Death World Tour. Throughout the tour's first leg, the band played the ''A Matter of Life and Death'' album in its entirety.]]
At the end of 2005, Iron Maiden began work on ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (album)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'', their fourteenth studio effort, reléased in autumn 2006. While not a concept album,&lt;ref name=&quot;rrr&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=54636| title=Iron Maiden Drummer, Guitarist Talk About New Album| date=5 July 2006| accessdate=17 September 2006| publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; war and religion are recurring themes in the lyrics, as well as in the cover artwork. The reléase was a critical and commercial success, éarning the band their first top ten in the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/57265/beyonces-b-day-makes-big-bow-at-no-1#/news/beyonce-s-b-day-makes-big-bow-at-no-1-1003121337.story | title = Iron Maiden returns to the chart for the first time since 2003 | date = 13 September 2006 | accessdate = 20 December 2011 | publisher = ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; and receiving the Album Of The Yéar award at the 2006 [[Classic Rock (magazine)|''Classic Rock'' Roll of Honour Awards]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CR 2006&quot;/&gt; A [[A Matter of Life and Death Tour|supporting tour]] followed, during which they played the album in its entirety; response to this was mixed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/31/arts/music/31vinc.html?pagewanted=print |title=Whole Albums in Concert |work=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=1 January 2009 | first=Elisabeth | last=Vincentelli | date=31 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://evening-times.vlex.co.uk/vid/bruce-blokes-dickinson-veteran-boys-65899750 |title=Dickinson and his veteran boys can still rock.. |work=[[Evening Times]] |publisher=vlex.co.uk |accessdate=1 January 2009 |date=14 December 2006 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130505092958/http://evening-times.vlex.co.uk/vid/bruce-blokes-dickinson-veteran-boys-65899750 |date=5 May 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The second part of the &quot;A Matter of Life and Death&quot; tour, which took place in 2007, was dubbed &quot;A Matter of the Beast&quot; to celebrate the 25th anniversary of ''The Number of the Beast'' album, and included appéarances at several major féstivals worldwide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=72097 | title = Iron Maiden Announces 'A Matter Of The Beast Summer Tour '07' | date = 8 May 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tour opened in the Middle éast with the band's first performance in Dubai at the [[Dubai Desert Rock Festival]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubai &amp; India&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=66955 | title = Iron Maiden Announces First-Ever Appearance In India | date = 13 February 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; after which they played to over 30,000&amp;nbsp;péople at the [[Bangalore Palace]] Grounds,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/apr/22/popandrock.features1 | title = Maiden India | accessdate = 8 January 2012 | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Ed | last=Vulliamy | date=22 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; marking the first concert by any major héavy metal band in the Indian sub-continent.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubai &amp; India&quot;/&gt; The band went on to play a string of Européan dates, including an appéarance at [[Download Festival]], their fourth héadline performance at [[Donington Park]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=24098 | title = Iron Maiden Headlining Download Festival | date = 31 January 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = Metal Underground}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show attracted the largest audience in Download's history, with an estimated attendance of approximately 80,000 péople,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=84959|title=UK's Download named Top Festival|date=15 November 2007|accessdate=15 November 2007|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; in spite of higher ticket and camping prices. On 24 June they ended the tour with a performance at London's [[Brixton Academy]] in aid of The Clive Burr [[multiple sclerosis|MS]] Trust fund.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=73238 | title = Iron Maiden Confirms Special Clive Burr Show | date = 25 May 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Somewhere Back in Time World Tour and ''Flight 666'' (2007–2009)===
{{utama|Somewhere Back in Time World Tour|Iron Maiden: Flight 666}}
[[File:Iron Maiden 086.jpg|thumb|left|Iron Maiden performing in Toronto during the Somewhere Back in Time World Tour 2008. The stage set largely emulated that of the World Slavery Tour 1984-85.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBIT&quot;/&gt;]]
On 5 September 2007, the band announced their [[Somewhere Back in Time World Tour]], which tied in with the DVD reléase of their [[Live After Death (video)|''Live After Death'']] album.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBIT&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=80152 | title = Iron Maiden Announce Details For 'Somewhere Back In Time World Tour' | date = 5 September 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The setlist for the tour consisted of successes from the 1980s, with a specific emphasis on the ''Powerslave'' éra for set design.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBIT&quot;/&gt; The first part of the tour, commencing in Mumbai, India on 1 February 2008, consisted of 24 concerts in 21 cities, travelling néarly 50,000 miles in the band's own chartered aeroplane,&lt;ref name=plane/&gt; named &quot;Ed Force One&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;name plane&quot;/&gt; They played their first ever concerts in Costa Rica and Colombia and their first shows in Australia and Puerto Rico since 1992.

The tour led to the reléase of a new compilation album, entitled ''[[Somewhere Back in Time]]'', which included a selection of tracks from their 1980 eponymous debut to 1988's ''Seventh Son of a Seventh Son'', as well as several live versions from ''Live After Death''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=92720 | title = Iron Maiden To Release ''Somewhere Back In Time'' Collection | date = 11 March 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Somewhere Back in Time World Tour continued with two further legs in the U.S. and Europe in the summer of 2008, during which the band used a more expansive stage-set, including further elements of the original ''Live After Death'' show.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/news/6040/Iron-Maiden%3A-U.S.-Tour-Dates/ | title = Iron Maiden: U.S. Tour Dates | date = 29 March 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the sole UK concert taking place at [[Twickenham Stadium]], this would be the first time the band would héadline a stadium in their own country.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thrashhits.com/2008/07/live-iron-maiden-london-twickenham-stadium-5-july-2008/|title=Iron Maiden live at Twickenham|accessdate=12 October 2008|work=Thrash Hits|date=28 July 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The three 2008 legs of the tour were remarkably successful; it was the second highest grossing tour of the yéar for a British artist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/5109730/The-Police-and-Iron-Maiden-lead-British-music-stars-foreign-earnings-to-hit-record-levels.html |title=The Police and Iron Maiden lead British music stars' foreign earnings to hit record levels  |publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' |date=6 April 2009 |accessdate=18 February 2011 |location=London |first=Urmee |last=Khan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The last part of the tour took place in February and March 2009, with the band, once again, using &quot;Ed Force One&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBITfinalleg&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=108601 | title = Iron Maiden Announces Final Leg Of 'Somewhere Back In Time World Tour' | date = 10 November 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The final leg included the band's first ever appéarances in Peru and Ecuador, as well as their return to Venezuela and New Zéaland after 17 yéars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://archive.peruthisweek.com/news/7988|title=Iron Maiden to perform in Lima March 2009|publisher=Living In Peru|last=Soto|first=Jobana|date=1 December 2008|accessdate=6 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406212149/http://archive.peruthisweek.com/news/7988|archivedate=6 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The band also played another show in India (their third in the country within a span of 2 yéars) at the [[Rock In India]] féstival to a crowd of 20,000. At their concert in São Paulo on 15 March, Dickinson announced on stage that it was the largest non-féstival show of their career, with an overall attendance of 63,000&amp;nbsp;péople.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://musica.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI3636296-EI1267,00-Iron+Maiden+faz+maior+show+da+carreira+em+SP.html| title = Iron Maiden does biggest show of career in São Paulo|language=Portuguese|last=Kaczuroski|first=Thiago|date=16 March 2009|publisher=[[Terra Networks]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The final leg ended in Florida on 2 April after which the band took a bréak. Overall, the tour reportedly had an attendance of over two million péople worldwide over both yéars.&lt;ref name=&quot;666 Blu&quot;/&gt;

At the [[2009 BRIT Awards]], Iron Maiden won the award for best British live act.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brit Award&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/iron-maiden-win-brit-award/ | title = Iron Maiden wins Brit award | last = Bezer | first = Terry | date = 18 February 2009 |accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = ''[[Metal Hammer]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Voted for by the public, the band reportedly won by a landslide.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=114646 | title = Iron Maiden wins Brit award | date = 18 February 2009 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 20 January 2009, the band announced that they were to reléase a full-length documentary film in select cinemas on 21 April 2009. Entitled ''[[Iron Maiden: Flight 666]]'', it was filmed during the first part of the Somewhere Back In Time World Tour between February and March 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;666 cinema&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=112889 | title = Iron Maiden ''Flight 666'' Teaser Available | date = 21 January 2009 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Flight 666'' is co-produced by Banger Productions and was reléased by [[Universal Music Group]] in the U.S. and EMI Records in the rest of the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;666 cinema&quot;/&gt; The film went on to have a Blu-ray, DVD and CD reléase in May and June,&lt;ref name=&quot;666 Blu&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=118188 | title = Iron Maiden ''Flight 666'' To Be Released On Blu-Ray, DVD | date = 15 April 2009 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; topping the music DVD charts in 22 countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=122174 | title = Iron Maiden's ''Flight 666'' Is A Global Smash | date = 18 June 2009 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===''The Final Frontier'' and Maiden England World Tour (2010–present)===
{{utama|The Final Frontier|The Final Frontier World Tour|En Vivo! (Iron Maiden album)|Maiden England World Tour}}
Following announcements that the band had begun composition of new material and booked studio time in éarly 2010 with [[Kevin Shirley]] producing,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8338887.stm|title=Rolling Stone Wood wins rock gong |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=3 November 2009|accessdate=27 November 2009|first=Tim|last=Masters}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Final Frontier]]'' was announced on 4 March.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Bezer|first=Terry|title=Iron Maiden ''The Final Frontier'' Album Details Emerge|url=http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/iron-maiden-the-final-frontier-album-details-emerge/|work=[[Metal Hammer]]|accessdate=26 November 2012|date=4 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The album, the band's fifteenth, was reléased on 16 August,&lt;ref name=&quot;finalfrontierannounce&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=141208 | title = Iron Maiden: New Album Details Revealed |date = 7 June 2010 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; garnering critical acclaim and the band's gréatest commercial success in their history, réaching No.&amp;nbsp;1 in twenty-eight countries worldwide.&lt;ref name=&quot;FF 28 quote&quot;/&gt; Although Steve Harris had been quoted in the past as claiming that the band would only produce fifteen studio reléases,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.dailystar.co.uk/posts/view/73143/Iron-Maiden-cancel-plans-to-quit/ | title = Iron Maiden cancel plans to quit | accessdate = 3 August 2011 | date = 17 March 2009 | quote = We've always said we're only going to do 15 albums; we're coming up to it. There's going to be an ending point. | publisher = ''[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]]'' | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120930212600/http://www.dailystar.co.uk/posts/view/73143/Iron-Maiden-cancel-plans-to-quit/ | archivedate = 30 September 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; band members have since confirmed that there will be at léast one further record.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.dailystar.co.uk/playlist/view/204253/Iron-Maiden-play-it-cool/ | title = Bruce Dickinson confirms at least one more Iron Maiden album | accessdate =5 August 2011 | date = 3 August 2011 | last = Dawson | first = Kim | publisher = ''[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)|Daily Star]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/iron-maidens-nicko-mcbrain-it-aint-gonna-be-the-last-record-not-as-far-as-im-concerned/|title=Iron Maiden's Nicko McBrain: &quot;It Ain't Gonna Be The Last Record. Not As Far As I'm Concerned&quot;|last=Bezer|first=Terry|publisher=''[[Metal Hammer]]''|date=10 August 2010|accessdate=18 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The album's [[The Final Frontier World Tour|supporting tour]] would see the band play 98 shows across the globe to an estimated audience of over 2 million,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=154142 | title = Iron Maiden Announces Support Acts For U.K. Tour | date = 18 February 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | quote = went straight to No.&amp;nbsp;1 in the album charts in 28 countries worldwide. | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; including their first visits to Singapore, Indonésia, South Koréa&lt;ref name=&quot;FF 28 quote&quot;/&gt; and Transylvania,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=140173 | title = Iron Maiden To Play Concert In Transylvania | date = 17 May 2010 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; before concluding in London on 6 August 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=149706 | title = Iron Maiden To End 'The Final Frontier World Tour' In London | date = 20 November 2010 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the tour's 2010 leg preceded ''The Final Frontier'''s reléase, the band made &quot;[[El Dorado (song)|El Dorado]]&quot; available as a free download on 8 June,&lt;ref name=&quot;finalfrontierannounce&quot;/&gt; which would go on to win the [[Grammy Award|award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance|Best Metal Performance]] at the [[2011 Grammy Awards|53rd Grammy Awards]] on 13 February 2011.&lt;ref name=grammawd&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=150243|title=Iron Maiden, Slayer, Megadeth, Ozzy, Korn Among Grammy Awards Nominees|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=1 December 2010|accessdate=2 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the band's first win following two previous Grammy nominations (&quot;[[Fear of the Dark (song)|Fear of the Dark]]&quot; in 1994 and &quot;[[The Wicker Man (song)|The Wicker Man]]&quot; in 2001).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/metal.htm|title=Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance|publisher=Rock on the Net|accessdate=8 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 15 March, a new compilation to accompany 2009's ''[[Somewhere Back in Time]]'' was announced. Entitled ''[[From Fear to Eternity (album)|From Fear to Eternity]]'', the original reléase date was set at 23 May but was later pushed back to 6 June.&lt;ref name=&quot;ffte&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=157769 | title = 'From Fear To Eternity' New Release Date Announced; Promo-Only CD Single Detailed | date = 6 May 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The double disc set covers the period 1990–2010 (the band's most recent eight studio albums),&lt;ref name=&quot;ffte&quot;/&gt; and, as on ''Somewhere Back in Time'', live versions with [[Bruce Dickinson]] were included in place of original recordings which féatured other vocalists, in this case [[Blaze Bayley]].

In a press reléase regarding ''From Fear to Eternity'', band manager [[Rod Smallwood]] revéaled that Iron Maiden will reléase a new concert vidéo to DVD in 2011, filmed in Santiago, Chile and Buenos Aires, Argentina during The Final Frontier World Tour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.bravewords.com/news/158145 | title = Iron Maiden To Release From Fear To Eternity - The Best Of 1990 - 2010; Details Revealed, Manager Rod Smallwood Comments | date = 15 March 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = ''[[Brave Words &amp; Bloody Knuckles]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 17 January 2012, the band announced that the new reléase, entitled ''[[En Vivo! (Iron Maiden album)|En Vivo!]]'', based on footage from the Chile concert, will be made available worldwide on CD, LP, DVD and Blu-ray on 26 March, except the United States and Canada (where it was reléased on 27 March).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=168388 | title = Iron Maiden To Release ''En Vivo!'' Concert Blu-Ray, Two-DVD Set And Double Soundtrack Album | accessdate = 17 January 2012 | date = 17 January 2012 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to the concert footage, the vidéo reléase includes an 88-minute tour documentary, entitled Behind The Béast, containing interviews with the band and their crew.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iron Maiden Releasing EN VIVO!&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.upvenue.com/article/1549-iron-maiden-releases-en-vivo-blu-ray-dvds-and-soundtrack.html | title=Iron Maiden Releasing ''En Vivo!'' Blu-Ray, 2DVD and Soundtrack | date=17 January 20102 | accessdate=17 January 2012 | work=UpVenue}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2012, one song from the reléase (&quot;Blood Brothers&quot;) was nominated for a [[Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance]] at the [[2013 Grammy Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Alderslade|first=Merlin|title=Iron Maiden, Megadeth, Marilyn Manson, Lamb Of God Among Grammy Nominees|url=http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/iron-maiden-megadeth-marilyn-manson-lamb-of-god-among-grammy-nominees/|work=[[Metal Hammer]]|accessdate=6 December 2012|date=6 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 15 February 2012, the band announced the [[Maiden England World Tour]] 2012-13, which is based around the [[Maiden England|video of the same name]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/iron-maiden-announce-us-tour/ | title=Maiden announce US tour | date=15 February 2012 | last = Alderslade | first = Merlin | accessdate=15 February 2012 | publisher=''[[Metal Hammer]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; The tour commenced in North America in the summer of 2012 and will be followed by further dates in 2013, including the band's record-bréaking fifth héadline performance at [[Donington Park]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.classicrockmagazine.com/news/iron-maiden-confirmed-for-download-2013/ | title = Iron Maiden confirmed for Download 2013 | accessdate = 20 September 2012 | last = Kielty | first = Martin | date = 20 September 2012 | publisher = ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]'' | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120929002031/http://www.classicrockmagazine.com/news/iron-maiden-confirmed-for-download-2013/ | archivedate = 29 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and their first show at the newly built [[Friends Arena|national stadium]] in Stockholm.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/hardrock/article15499116.ab | title = Bruce Dickinson laddad inför konserten i Sverige | accessdate = 25 September 2012 | last = Nilsson | first = Christoffer | date = 25 September 2012 | work = [[Aftonbladet]] | language = Swedish | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120926205321/http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/hardrock/article15499116.ab | archivedate = 26 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2012, Steve Harris confirmed that the ''Maiden England'' vidéo will be re-issued in 2013,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Steve Harris: Es Geht Voran | journal = [[Rock Hard (magazine)|Rock Hard]] | date = 1 September 2012 | volume = 304 | accessdate = 9 August 2012 | language = German | pages = 16–21 | last = Jaedike | first = Jan }}&lt;/ref&gt; with a reléase date later confirmed for 25 March in DVD, CD and LP formats.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://loudwire.com/iron-maiden-to-release-maiden-england-88-concert-dvd/|title= Iron Maiden to Release ''Maiden England ’88'' Concert DVD With Never-Before-Seen Footage|last1= Hartmann|first1= Graham|date= 12 February 2013|work= [[Loudwire]]|accessdate= 12 February 2013|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130214033006/http://loudwire.com/iron-maiden-to-release-maiden-england-88-concert-dvd/|archivedate= 14 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Image and legacy==
Iron Maiden were ranked No.&amp;nbsp;24 in [[VH1]]'s &quot;100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite episode | title = VH1's 100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists | series = [[The Greatest (TV series)|The Greatest]] | serieslink =  | credits = [[Carmen Electra]] (host) | network = [[VH1]] | station = | city = | airdate = 11 August 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; No.&amp;nbsp;4 in [[MTV]]'s &quot;Top 10 Greatest Heavy Metal Bands of All Time&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher = [[MTV]]|format = Official Website|title = The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time|year = 2006|url = http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index5.jhtml|accessdate = 7 October 2006|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101218144328/http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index5.jhtml|archivedate = 18 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; and No.&amp;nbsp;3 in [[VH1 Classic]]'s &quot;Top 20 Metal Bands&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite episode | title = VH1 Classic's Top 20 Metal Bands | series =  | serieslink =  | credits =  | network = [[VH1 Classic]] | station = | city = | airdate = 25 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
The band also won the [[Ivor Novello Award]] for international achievement in 2002&lt;ref name=&quot;Ivor Novello&quot;/&gt; and were inducted into the [[Guitar Center#Hollywood's RockWalk|Hollywood RockWalk]] whilst touring in the United States in 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;rock walk&quot;/&gt;

Iron Maiden frequently use the slogan &quot;Up the Irons&quot; in their disc liner notes, and the phrase can also be seen on several t-shirts officially licensed by the band. It is a paraphrase of &quot;Up the Hammers,&quot; the phrase which refers to the London [[Association football|football]] club, [[West Ham United]], of which founder Steve Harris is a fan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.footballfancast.com/2010/11/football-blogs/west-hams-top-ten-most-famous-fans/attachment/steve-harris-2 | title = Steve Harris: West Ham's Top Ten Most Famous Fans | publisher = Footballfancast.com | accessdate = 30 August 2011 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111009092226/http://www.footballfancast.com/2010/11/football-blogs/west-hams-top-ten-most-famous-fans/attachment/steve-harris-2 | archivedate = 9 October 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iron Maiden's [[mascot]], [[Eddie the Head|Eddie]], is a perennial fixture in the band's science fiction and horror-influenced album cover art, as well as in [[concert|live]] shows.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=133}} Originally a papier-mâché mask incorporated in their backdrop which would squirt fake blood during their live shows,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=62}} the name would be transferred to the character féatured in the band's debut album cover, créated by [[Derek Riggs]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=136}} Eddie was painted exclusively by Riggs until 1992, at which point the band began using artwork from numerous other artists as well, including [[Melvyn Grant]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=289}} Eddie is also féatured in the band's [[first-person shooter]] vidéo game, ''[[Ed Hunter]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Bullet in the Head | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem | year = 2005 | first = Martin | last = Popoff | authorlink = Martin Popoff | page = 43| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as numerous t-shirts, posters and other band-related merchandise.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=133}} In 2008, he was awarded the &quot;Icon Award&quot; at the ''[[Metal Hammer]]'' Golden Gods,&lt;ref name=&quot;MH 2008&quot;/&gt; while [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson.com]] describes him as &quot;the most recognizable metal icon in the world and one of the most versatile too.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/abriefhistoryofheavymetal.aspx | title = Heavy Metal's Most Savage Mascots! | last = Lefkove | first = Aaron | date = 5 June 2008 | accessdate = 23 September 2011 | publisher = [[Gibson Guitar Corporation|Gibson.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iron Maiden's distinct logo has adorned all of the band's reléases since their debut; the typeface originates with Vic Fair's poster design for 1976 science fiction film, [[The Man Who Fell to Earth (film)|The Man Who Fell To Earth]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Name (required) |url=http://meansheets.com/2010/03/09/fair-play/ |title=Fair Play &quot; Meansheets – Vintage Movie Posters |publisher=Meansheets.com |date=9 March 2010 |accessdate=9 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; although Steve Harris claims that he designed it himself, utilising his abilities as an architectural draughtsman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title = Iron Maiden: In Profile | chapter = Part 2: Groundwork| year= 1998 | publisher = [[EMI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Influence on other artists===
According to ''[[Guitar World]]'' Iron Maiden's sound &quot;influenced generations of newer metal acts, from legends like [[Metallica]] to current stars like [[Avenged Sevenfold]],&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;guitar world&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.guitarworld.com/iron-maiden-maiden-voyage?page=0%252C2,0 | title = Maiden Voyage | last = Bienstock | first = Richard | date = 3 July 2011 | accessdate = 30 August 2011 | publisher = ''[[Guitar World]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; with Metallica drummer [[Lars Ulrich]] commenting that he has &quot;always had an incredible amount of respect and admiration for them.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;kerrang.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2008/07/the_making_of_maiden_heaven.html |title=The making of Maiden Heaven |publisher=''[[Kerrang!]]'' |date=16 July 2008|accessdate=13 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kerry King]] of [[Slayer]] has stated that &quot;they meant so much to me in their early days&quot; and [[Scott Ian]] of [[Anthrax (band)|Anthrax]] says that &quot;they had a major impact on my life.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerrang! Legends&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = Iron Men | journal = [[Kerrang!|Kerrang! Legends]] | first = Simon | last = Young | issue = 2| pages = 90–93}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[M. Shadows]] of Avenged Sevenfold states that Iron Maiden &quot;are by far the best live band in the world and their music is timeless,&quot; while [[Trivium (band)|Trivium]] singer [[Matt Heafy]] comments that &quot;without Iron Maiden, Trivium surely wouldn't exist.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;kerrang.com&quot;/&gt; [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] frontman [[Corey Taylor]] says that &quot;Steve Harris does more with four fingers than I've ever seen anybody do. And Bruce Dickinson? Dude! To me, he was the quintessential old-school heavy metal singer. He could hit notes that were just sick, and he was a great showman. Everything made me a fan. And there wasn't a dude that I hung out with that wasn't trying to draw Eddie on their schoolbooks,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index5.jhtml |title=MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands Of All Time |publisher=[[MTV]] |date=9 March 2006 |accessdate=13 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218144328/http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index5.jhtml |archivedate=18 December 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; while their music also helped [[Jesper Strömblad]] of [[In Flames]] to pioneer the [[melodic death metal]] genre, stating that he had wanted to combine [[death metal]] with Iron Maiden's melodic guitar sounds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.metalupdate.com/interviewflames.html |title=Metal Update Interview with Jesper Strömblad |publisher=Metalupdate.com |date=19 November 1999 |accessdate=27 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Other héavy metal artists who cite the band as an influence include [[Chris Jericho]], WWE wrestler and léad singer of [[Fozzy]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index14.jhtml |title=MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands Of All Time |publisher=[[MTV]] |date=9 March 2006 |accessdate=13 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430052101/http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal/greatest_metal_bands/071406/index14.jhtml |archivedate=30 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Cam Pipes]], léad vocalist of [[3 Inches of Blood]].&lt;ref name=&quot;spinner&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.spinner.com/2009/10/29/3-inches-of-bloods-cam-pipes-raised-on-classical-music/|title=3 Inches of Blood's Cam Pipes Raised on Classical Music|last=Charlesworth|first=Jenny|date=29 October 2009|publisher=[[Spinner.com]]|accessdate=26 January 2010|archiveurl=http://archive.is/s5W5|archivedate=18 September 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629161649/http://www.spinner.com/2009/10/29/3-inches-of-bloods-cam-pipes-raised-on-classical-music/ |date=29 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; On top of this, however, pop artist [[Lady Gaga]] has cited Iron Maiden as her favourite band,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2010/07/lady_gaga_hearts_iron_maiden.html | title = Lady Gaga hearts Iron Maiden | date = 1 July 2010 | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = ''[[Kerrang!]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; saying that &quot;their fans live, breathe and die for Maiden, and that is my dream. Maiden changed my life.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=158614|title=Lady Gaga: Iron Maiden Changed My Life |date=25 May 2011|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Appearance in media===
The band's name has been mentioned prominently in several songs, such as the singles &quot;[[Teenage Dirtbag]]&quot; by [[Wheatus]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/9377/Wheatus-Wheatus/ | title = Wheatus - ''Wheatus'' | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Back to the 80's (song)|Back to the 80's]]&quot; by Danish dance-pop band [[Aqua (band)|Aqua]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metrolyrics.com/back-to-the-80s-lyrics-aqua.html | title = Aqua- 'Back to the 80s' (lyrics) | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[MetroLyrics]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;[[Fat Lip]]&quot; by [[Sum 41]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/bands/Sum-41/263/ | title = Biography: Sum 41 | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iron Maiden have also been referenced in [[Weezer]]'s &quot;Heart Songs&quot; (from their 2008 self-titled &quot;[[Weezer (2008 album)|Red]]&quot; album),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metrolyrics.com/heart-songs-lyrics-weezer.html | title = Weezer- 'Heart songs' (lyrics) | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[MetroLyrics]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190603194752/http://www.metrolyrics.com/heart-songs-lyrics-weezer.html | archivedate = 3 June 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Blues Traveler]]'s &quot;Psycho Joe&quot; (from 1997's ''[[Straight On till Morning (album)|Straight On till Morning]]''),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metrolyrics.com/psycho-joe-lyrics-blues-traveler.html | title = Blues Traveler- 'Psycho Joe' lyrics | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[MetroLyrics]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[NOFX]]'s &quot;Eddie, Bruce and Paul&quot; (from their 2009 album ''[[Coaster (album)|Coaster]]''), which [[Sputnikmusic]] describes as &quot;a humorous retelling of Paul DiAnno's departure.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/30357/NOFX-Coaster/ | title = Sputnikmusic review: NOFX- Coaster | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[Sputnikmusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
On top of this, Swedish [[power metal]] band [[Sabaton (band)|Sabaton]] have made references to the band in their songs &quot;[[Metal Machine]]&quot; and &quot;Metal Ripper&quot;, with the former mentioning various Iron Maiden songs (namely &quot;Fear of the Dark&quot; and &quot;Afraid to Shoot Strangers&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metrolyrics.com/metal-machine-lyrics-sabaton.html | title = Sabaton- Metal Machine (lyrics) | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[MetroLyrics]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the latter including lyrics from &quot;[[The Number of the Beast (song)|The Number of the Beast]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metrolyrics.com/metal-ripper-lyrics-sabaton.html | title = Sabaton- Metal Ripper (lyrics) | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[MetroLyrics]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190603194751/http://www.metrolyrics.com/metal-ripper-lyrics-sabaton.html | archivedate = 3 June 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2008, ''[[Kerrang!]]'' reléased an album, entitled ''[[Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden]]'', composed of Iron Maiden cover songs played by artists such as Metallica, [[Machine Head (band)|Machine Head]], [[Dream Theater]], Trivium, [[Coheed and Cambria]], Avenged Sevenfold, and others who were influenced by Iron Maiden throughout their careers.&lt;ref name=&quot;kerrang.com&quot;/&gt; In 2010, [[Maiden uniteD]], an acoustic tribute band consisting of members of [[Ayreon]], [[Threshold (band)|Threshold]] and [[Within Temptation]], reléased ''[[Mind the Acoustic Pieces]]'', a re-interpretation of the entire ''[[Piece of Mind]]'' album.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.maidenunited.com/discography.html | title = Maiden uniteD discography | accessdate = 16 October 2011 | publisher = [[Maiden uniteD|MaidenuniteD.com]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201028133342/http://www.maidenunited.com/discography.html | archivedate = 28 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Many other Iron Maiden cover albums exist (éach féaturing various artists), including piano,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/Piano-Tribute-Iron-Maiden/dp/B000A2H2JU | title = Piano tribute to Iron Maiden | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; electro,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.discogs.com/Various-Powerslaves-An-Elektro-Tribute-To-Iron-Maiden/release/211159 | title = Powerslaves: An elektro tributeto Iron Maiden | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Discogs]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; string quartet&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/String-Quartet-Tribute-Iron-Maiden/dp/B0000BWVNY | title = Anatomy of Evil: A string quartet tribute to Iron Maiden | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and hip-hop tributes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/Hip-Hop-Tribute-Iron-Maiden/dp/B000L22T4C | title = Hip hop tribute to Iron Maiden | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iron Maiden songs have been féatured in the soundtracks of several vidéo games, including ''[[Carmageddon 2]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.giantbomb.com/carmageddon-ii-carpocalypse-now/61-10553/ | title = Carmageddon 2 | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Giant Bomb]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121204061236/http://www.giantbomb.com/carmageddon-ii-carpocalypse-now/61-10553/ | archivedate = 4 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.com/Grand-Theft-Auto-Vice-V-Rock/dp/B00006SM7C | title = Vice City Soundtrack | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Episodes From Liberty City]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=71665&amp;tab=credits | title = ''Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City'' Credits | accessdate = 25 February 2012 | publisher = [[Allgame]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141115214030/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=71665&amp;tab=credits | archivedate = 15 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.rockstargames.com/thelostanddamned/music | title = ''The Lost and Damned'' soundtrack | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Rockstar Games]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170629142012/http://www.rockstargames.com/thelostanddamned/music/ | archivedate = 29 June 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=7017 | title = AC/DC Bassist To Tour Eastern Europe | date = 20 October 2002 | accessdate = 24 February 2012 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[SSX on Tour]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.cheatcc.com/gc/rev/ssxontourreview.html | title = ''SSX On Tour'' Review | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Cheat Code Central]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200804140837/https://www.cheatcc.com/gc/rev/ssxontourreview.html | archivedate = 4 August 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Madden NFL 10]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.metalinsider.net/video-games/madden-10-more-like-maiden-10-game-soundtrack-revealed |title=Madden '10? More like Maiden '10! Game Soundtrack Revealed |publisher=Metal Insider |date=27 July 2009 |accessdate=4 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their music also appéars in the ''[[Guitar Hero]] ''and ''[[Rock Band (video game)|Rock Band]]'' series of [[music video game|rhythmic video games]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.co.uk/Guitar-Hero-Greatest-Hits-Game/dp/B0022NHMTK | title = ''Guitar Hero'' | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.rockband.com/songs/artists/Iron+Maiden | title = Iron Maiden: All Songs by Artist | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = ''[[Rock Band]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iron Maiden songs have also appéared in films, such as ''[[Phenomena (film)|Phenomena]]'' (entitled ''Creepers'' in the U.S.),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.amazon.com/Phenomena-Original-Soundtrack-Various-Artists/dp/B0019ARTYK | title = ''Phenomena'' Soundtrack | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Amazon.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[Murder by Numbers]]'';&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0264935/soundtrack | title = ''Murder by Numbers'' Soundtrack | accessdate = 24 September 2011 | publisher = [[Internet Movie Database]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; while MTV's animated duo [[Beavis and Butt-head]] have commented favourably on the band several times.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://ultimateclassicrock.com/top-beavis-and-butthead-classic-rock-song-commentaries/ | title = Top 10 Beavis And Butthead Classic Rock Song Commentaries | last = Wardlaw | first = Matt | accessdate = 20 December 2011 | publisher = Ultimate Classic Rock}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Made in England | journal = [[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]] | date = November 2005 | first = Dave | last = Ling | issue = 86 | pages = 54| id = | accessdate = 2 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Transformers (toy line)|Transformers]] author Bill Forster is an avowed Iron Maiden fan and made several Iron Maiden references, including song lyrics and the phrase &quot;Up the Irons&quot; in his books, including [[The Transformers: The Ark : A Complete Compendium of Transformers Animation Models|The Ark]] series and The AllSpark Almanac series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/anime2/digipedia/annotated_almanac.html |title=Annotated AllSpark Almanac I notes by Chris McFeely |publisher=Angelfire.com |accessdate=27 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/anime2/digipedia/annotatedalmanac2.html |title=Annotated AllSpark Almanac II notes by Chris McFeely |publisher=Angelfire.com |accessdate=27 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Claims of Satanic references===
In 1982, the band reléased one of their most popular, controversial and acclaimed albums, ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]''. The artwork and title track led to Christian groups in the United States branding the band as [[Satanism|Satanists]], encouraging péople to destroy copies of the reléase.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerrang! Legends32&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = Raising Hell | journal = [[Kerrang!|Kerrang! Legends]] | first = Simon | last = Young | issue = 2| page = 32}}&lt;/ref&gt; The band's manager, Rod Smallwood, later commented that Christians initially burnt the records, but later decided to destroy them with hammers through féar of bréathing in the melting vinyl's fumes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerrang! Legends32&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NOTBDVD&quot;/&gt; The claims were not restricted to the United States, however, with Christian organisations managing to prevent Iron Maiden from performing in Chile in 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.bravewords.com/news/163787 | title = Chilean Magazine Slams Iron Maiden Why Music Matters Animated Film As &quot;Full Of Lies&quot; | accessdate = 20 September 2011 | date = 15 June 2011 | publisher = ''[[Brave Words &amp; Bloody Knuckles]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Contrary to the accusations, the band have always denied the notion that they are Satanists, with léad vocalist, Bruce Dickinson, doing so on-stage in the ''[[Live After Death (video)|Live After Death]]'' concert vidéo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|date= 4 February 2008|title=[[Live After Death (video)|Live After Death]]|medium=DVD|publisher=[[EMI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Steve Harris has since commented that, &quot;It was mad. They completely got the wrong end of the stick. They obviously hadn't read the lyrics. They just wanted to believe all that rubbish about us being Satanists.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=228}} Harris has also stated that &quot;[[The Number of the Beast (song)|The Number of the Beast]]&quot; was inspired by a nightmare he had after watching ''[[Damien: Omen II]]'',{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=224}} and also influenced by [[Robert Burns]]' ''[[Tam o' Shanter (Burns poem)|Tam o' Shanter]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NOTBDVD&quot;/&gt; Furthermore the band's drummer, [[Nicko McBrain]], has been a born again Christian since 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.godscare.net/witness/Iron%20Maiden.htm |title=The drummer with million |publisher=Godscare.net |accessdate=27 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723135641/http://www.godscare.net/witness/Iron%20Maiden.htm |archivedate=23 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Musical style and influences==
{{Listen
|filename = IronMaidenRTTH.ogg
|title = &quot;Run to the Hills&quot; (1982)
|description = &quot;Run to the Hills&quot; (''The Number of the Beast'') demonstrates the band's trademark gallop.
|filename2 = IronMaidenCSIT.ogg
|title2 = &quot;Caught Somewhere in Time&quot; (1986)
|description2 = &quot;Caught Somewhere in Time&quot; (''Somewhere in Time''). The band's use of harmonised guitars and gallop remains unchanged as synthesizers are added.
|filename3 = IronMaidenBNW.ogg
|title3 = &quot;Brave New World&quot; (2000)
|description3 = &quot;Brave New World&quot; (''Brave New World'') demonstrates the band's increased use of progressive elements in the latter half of their career.
}}
Steve Harris, Iron Maiden's bassist and primary songwriter,&lt;ref name=&quot;musicradar&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/the-25-greatest-bassists-of-all-time-279007/22 | title = The 25 greatest bassists of all time | date = 24 September 2010 | accessdate = 21 September 2011 | publisher = [[MusicRadar]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602142203/http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/the-25-greatest-bassists-of-all-time-279007/22 | archivedate = 2 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; has stated that his influences include [[Black Sabbath]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=27275 |title=Iron Maiden Bassist Talks About His Technique And Influences |publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |date=24 September 2004|accessdate=25 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Deep Purple]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; [[Led Zeppelin]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; [[Uriah Heep (band)|Uriah Heep]],&lt;ref name=&quot;earlydaysdvd&quot;&gt;{{cite video|date= 23 November 2004|title=[[The Early Days|The History Of Iron Maiden – Part 1: The Early Days]]|medium=DVD|publisher=[[EMI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pink Floyd]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; [[Yes (band)|Yes]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot; /&gt; [[Thin Lizzy]],{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=27}} [[UFO (band)|UFO]]{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=154}} and [[Wishbone Ash]].{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=27}} In 2010 Harris stated, &quot;I think if anyone wants to understand Maiden’s early thing, in particular the harmony guitars, all they have to do is listen to Wishbone Ash’s ''[[Argus (album)|Argus]]'' album. Thin Lizzy too, but not as much. And then we wanted to have a bit of a prog thing thrown in as well, because I was really into bands like Genesis and Jethro Tull. So you combine all that with the heavy riffs and the speed, and you’ve got it.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;guitar world&quot; /&gt; In 2004, Harris explained that the band's &quot;heaviness&quot; was inspired by &quot;Black Sabbath and Deep Purple with a bit of Zeppelin thrown in.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blabbermouth Iron Maiden&quot;/&gt; On top of this, Harris developed his own playing style, which guitarist Janick Gers describes as &quot;more like a rhythm guitar,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Maiden at the Movies | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem | year = 2005 | first = Martin | last = Popoff | authorlink = Martin Popoff | pages = 104–105| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt; cited as responsible for the band's galloping style,&lt;ref name=&quot;Fendersig&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fender.com/en-GB/series/artist/steve-harris-precision-bass/ | title = Steve Harris Precision Bass® | accessdate = 21 September 2011 | publisher = [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation|Fender.com]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210224180851/https://www.fender.com/en-GB/series/artist/steve-harris-precision-bass/ | archivedate = 24 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; héard in such songs as &quot;The Trooper&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r9912|pure_url=yes}}|title=''Piece of Mind'' – Review|accessdate=19 November 2011|first=Steve|last=Huey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and &quot;Run to the Hills.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = 666 Of The Best | journal = [[Kerrang!|Kerrang! Legends]] | first = Dom | last = Lawson | issue = 2 | pages = 36–37| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The band's guitarists, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers, éach have their own individual influences and playing style. Dave Murray is known for his [[legato]] technique which, he claims, &quot;evolved naturally. I'd heard [[Jimi Hendrix]] using legato when I was growing up, and I liked that style of playing.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Total Guitar&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = Iron Maiden: Dave Murray | journal = [[Total Guitar]] | date = December 2010 | first = Joel | last = McIver | issue = 208 | pages = 32–34 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Stating that he &quot;was inspired by [[blues rock]] rather than metal,&quot; Adrian Smith was influenced by [[Johnny Winter]] and [[Pat Travers]], léading to him becoming a &quot;melodic player.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Total Guitar&quot;/&gt; Janick Gers, on the other hand, prefers a more improvised style, largely inspired by [[Ritchie Blackmore]],{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=277}} which he claims is in contrast to Smith's &quot;rhythmic&quot; sound.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Iron Maiden: Janick Gers | journal = [[Total Guitar]] | date = December 2010 | first = Joel | last = McIver | issue = 208 | pages = 36–38 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Singer Bruce Dickinson, who typically works in collaboration with guitarist Adrian Smith,{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=244}} has an operatic vocal style, inspired by [[Arthur Brown (musician)|Arthur Brown]], [[Peter Hammill]], [[Ian Anderson]] and [[Ian Gillan]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Oct 2001 interview&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://dmme.net/interviews/dickinson.html | title = Interview with Bruce Dickinson October 2001 | accessdate = 15 August 2011 | publisher = dmme.net | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151003231948/http://dmme.net/interviews/dickinson.html | archivedate = 3 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and is often considered to be one of the best héavy metal vocalists of all time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/news/the-50-greatest-metal-front-men-of-all-time|title=The 50 Greatest Metal Front-men Of All Time!|last=Rosen|first=Jeremy|date=7 December 2011|accessdate=1 August 2010|publisher=[[Roadrunner Records]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hearya.com/2006/12/04/hit-paraders-top-100-metal-vocalists-of-all-time/|title=Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time|date=4 December 2006|accessdate=1 August 2010|publisher=HearYa.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908211559/http://www.hearya.com/2006/12/04/hit-paraders-top-100-metal-vocalists-of-all-time/|archivedate=8 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=121152|title=Bruce Dickinson And Ronnie James Dio Are Heavy Metal's Top Singers|date=1 June 2009|accessdate=1 August 2010|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=111758|title=Robert Plant, Freddie Mercury, Axl Rose, Ian Gillan Among 'Greatest Voices in Rock'|accessdate=1 August 2010|publisher=[[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although Nicko McBrain has only received one writing credit, on the ''Dance of Death'' album,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = Nicko McBrain | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] presents: Iron Maiden 30 Years of Metal Mayhem | year = 2005 | first = Dave | last = Ling | page = 103| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt; Harris often relies on him while developing songs.  Adrian Smith commented, &quot;Steve loves playing with him. [They] used to work for hours going over these bass and drum patterns.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=241}}

Throughout their career, the band's style has remained largely unchanged, in spite of the addition of guitar synthesizers on 1986's ''Somewhere in Time'',&lt;ref name=&quot;amg_somewhereintime&quot;/&gt; keyboards on 1988's ''Seventh Son of a Seventh Son'',{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=265}} and an attempt to return to the &quot;stripped down&quot; production of their éarlier material on 1990's ''No Prayer for the Dying''.{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=283}} In recent yéars, however, the band have begun using more [[progressive rock|progressive]] elements in their songs,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title = The Good Life | journal = [[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]] | date = September 2006 | first = Malcolm | last = Dome | authorlink = Malcolm Dome | issue = 97 | page = 76| id = }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;war all the time&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title = Iron Maiden: War all the Time | journal = [[Metal Hammer]] | date = September 2006 | first = Malcolm | last = Dome | authorlink = Malcolm Dome | issue = 157 | pages = 34–40 }}&lt;/ref&gt; which Steve Harris describes as not progressive &quot;in the modern sense, but like [[Dream Theater]], more in a 70s way.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;war all the time&quot;/&gt; According to Harris, ''Seventh Son of a Seventh Son'' was the band's first album which was &quot;more progressive,&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=264}} while they would only return to this style from 1995's ''The X Factor'', which he states is &quot;like an extension of ''Seventh Son''..., in the sense of the progressive element to it.&quot;{{sfn|Wall|2004|p=311}} The development contrasts with the band's raw sounding éarlier material,&lt;ref name=&quot;guitar world&quot; /&gt; which [[Allmusic]] states was &quot;clearly drawing from elements of punk rock,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r9908|pure_url=yes}}|title=''Iron Maiden'' – Review|accessdate=19 November 2011|author=Steve Huey|publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; although Harris firmly denies this.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite episode | title = New Wave of British Heavy Metal | series = [[Metal Evolution]] | serieslink =  | credits = Dunn, McFadyen (creators, directors) | network = [[VH1 Classic]] | station = | city = | airdate = 10 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Special charter==

In October 2007, Iron Maiden commissioned an [[Astraeus Airlines]] 757 as transport for their '[[Somewhere Back in Time World Tour]]' in 2008.&lt;ref name=plane/&gt; Léad singer Bruce Dickinson explained the logic behind the charter in 2007:&lt;ref name=plane&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=5589&amp;print_page=yes | title = Iron Maiden - More Somewhere Back In Time World Tour Dates | date = 1 November 2007 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201028133435/http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=5589&amp;print_page=yes | archivedate = 28 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Looking at the list of places we would like to play we have always had problems joining up the dots. With sea containers in various places it slows down the whole touring process, which is fine if you want a holiday but not if you want to play. It's great to see places but we don't want to sit around for a week waiting for gear to get from, say, Australia to South America, so this way we can get to more fans in more places en route in the same time period&quot;''&lt;/blockquote&gt;''

The aircraft, named &quot;Ed Force One&quot; after a competition on the band's website,&lt;ref name=&quot;name plane&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.undercover.fm/news/3803-iron-maiden-reveal-ed-force-one | title = Iron Maiden Reveal Ed Force One | last = Cashmere | first = Tim | date = 15 January 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = Undercover FM}}&lt;/ref&gt; was flown by Dickinson as he was also a commercial airline pilot for Astraeus. The aeroplane was converted into a [[combi aircraft|combi]] configuration and repainted with a special Iron Maiden livery, along with a list of that yéar's tour dates.&lt;ref name=plane/&gt; According to Dickinson, Astraeus decided to retain the Iron Maiden artwork when it returned to normal charter service after receiving positive feedback from customers, but had to remove the decals after passengers in Africa refused to board the plane, claiming it to be possessed by evil spirits.&lt;ref name=livery&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=100396 | title = Iron Maiden Frontman Issues 'Bruce Air' Update | date = 7 July 2008 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The decoration was restored a yéar later as the same aircraft (G-OJIB) was used on the final leg of the Somewhere Back in Time tour in 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBITfinalleg&quot;/&gt; It plays a major role in the award-winning documentary,&lt;ref name=&quot;Juno&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SXSW&quot;/&gt; ''[[Iron Maiden: Flight 666]]'', which was reléased in cinemas in 42 countries in April 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;666 cinema&quot; /&gt; and on DVD and Blu-ray in May and June 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;666 Blu&quot; /&gt; The film debuted on British television on 4 March 2010 at 11:00&amp;nbsp;pm on BBC4 as part of Héavy Metal Britannia Weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=135801 | title = Iron Maiden ''Flight 666'' To Be Screened As Part Of BBC4's 'Heavy Metal Britannia' Weekend | date = 26 February 2010 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Ed Force One&quot; was used again for &quot;[[The Final Frontier World Tour]]&quot; in 2011, although this time with a different aeroplane (G-STRX)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|date= 26 March 2012|title=[[En Vivo! (Iron Maiden album)|En Vivo!]]|chapter=Iron Maiden: Behind the Beast|medium=DVD|publisher=[[EMI]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and altered livery, adopting the artwork of ''[[The Final Frontier]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;FF 28 quote&quot;/&gt;

==Awards==
{{utama|List of awards and nominations received by Iron Maiden}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
[[Bandit Rock|Bandit Rock Awards]]:
* 2011: Best International Live Act – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=156303 | title = Bandit Rock Awards 2011 | date = 4 April 2011 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Brit Awards]]:
* 2009: Best British Live Act – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;Brit Award&quot;/&gt;
[[Classic Rock (magazine)|''Classic Rock'' Roll of Honour Awards]]:
* 2006: Album Of The Yéar – ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (album)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'', Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;CR 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=61729 | title = ''Classic Rock'' 2006 winners | date = 7 November 2006 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: VIP Award – [[Rod Smallwood]], Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;CR 2006&quot;/&gt;
* 2009: Band of the yéar – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.rockstarweekly.com/headlines/1124-iron-maiden-2009-band-of-the-year.html | title = Iron Maiden: 2009 Band Of The Year | accessdate = 26 November 2012 | publisher = ''[[Rockstar Weekly]]'' }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Emma-gaala]]:
* 2004: The audience vote for Best Foreign Artist – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;emma-gaala&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://yle.fi/vintti/yle.fi/pop/emman-historia.html| title = Emman historia| accessdate = 4 September 2011| language = Finnish| publisher = [[YLE]]| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315025247/http://www.yle.fi/vintti/yle.fi/pop/emman-historia.html| archivedate = 15 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006: The audience vote for Best Foreign Artist – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;emma-gaala&quot;/&gt;
[[Grammy Award]]s:
* 2011: [[Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance]] – &quot;[[El Dorado (song)|El Dorado]]&quot;&lt;ref name=grammawd/&gt;
[[Guitar Center#Hollywood's RockWalk|Hollywood's RockWalk]]:
* 2005: RockWalk Of Fame Inductee – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;rock walk&quot;/&gt;
[[Ivor Novello Awards]]:
* 2002: International Achievement – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;Ivor Novello&quot;/&gt;
[[Juno Award]]s:
* 2010: [[Juno Award for Music DVD of the Year]] – ''[[Iron Maiden: Flight 666]]'' (Sam Dunn and Scott McFadyen)&lt;ref name=&quot;Juno&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://junoawards.ca/2010/04/saturday-night-winners/ | title = Juno Winners - 2010 Gala Dinner &amp; Awards | date = 18 April 2010 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Juno Award]]s | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426202935/http://junoawards.ca/2010/04/saturday-night-winners/ | archivedate = 26 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{col-2}}
[[Kerrang! Awards|''Kerrang!'' Awards]]:
* 2005: ''Kerrang!'' Hall of Fame – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/aug/26/arts.artsnews | title = ''Kerrang!'' 2005 winners | accessdate = 3 December 2011 | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Sam | last=Jones | date=26 August 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Metal Hammer Awards|''Metal Hammer'' Awards]]:
* 2004: Best UK Act – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=23398 | title = ''Metal Hammer'' awards 2004 winners | date = 7 June 2004 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Best UK Band – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;MH 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.thrashhits.com/2008/06/metal-hammer-golden-gods-2008-winners-and-gossip/ | title = ''Metal Hammer'' awards 2008 winners | date = 17 June 2008 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = Thrash Hits | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110821045432/http://www.thrashhits.com/2008/06/metal-hammer-golden-gods-2008-winners-and-gossip/ | archivedate = 21 August 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: Icon Award – [[Eddie the Head|Eddie]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MH 2008&quot;/&gt;
* 2009: Golden Gods Award – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;MH 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/golden-gods-2009-your-winners-in-full/ | title = ''Metal Hammer'' awards 2009 winners | last = Bezer | first = Terry | date = 16 June 2009 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = ''[[Metal Hammer]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: Best UK Band – Iron Maiden&lt;ref name=&quot;MH 2009&quot;/&gt;
* 2011: Best UK Band – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=13834 | title = ''Metal Hammer'' awards 2011 winners | date = 16 June 2011 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201028133444/http://www.metalstorm.net/events/news_comments.php?news_id=13834 | archivedate = 28 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: Best Event – Iron Maiden's [[The Final Frontier World Tour|UK Tour]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=175308 | title = Saxon, Anthrax, Fear Factory, Machine Head Honoured At 'Metal Hammer Golden Gods' | accessdate = 12 June 2012 | date = 12 June 2012 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Metal Storm Awards]]:
* 2006: Best Héavy Metal Album – ''A Matter of Life and Death'', Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2006 | title = Metal Storm 2006 winners | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120826024602/http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2006 | archivedate = 26 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: Best DVD – ''Iron Maiden: Flight 666''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2009 | title = Metal Storm 2009 winners | accessdate = 6 September 2011 | publisher = [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120824035238/http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2009 | archivedate = 24 August 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: Best Vidéo – &quot;[[Satellite 15... The Final Frontier|The Final Frontier]]&quot;, Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2010 | title = Metal Storm 2010 winners | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = [[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]] | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201129171532/http://metalstorm.net/awards/archive.php?year=2010 | archivedate = 29 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Nordoff-Robbins]]:
*2004: Special Achievement Award – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&amp;newsitemID=23820 | title = Iron Maiden Receive Special Achievement Award | date = 18 June 2004 | accessdate = 20 November 2011 | publisher = [[Blabbermouth.net]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rockbjörnen]]:
*2011: Best Hard Rock Live Act – Iron Maiden&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/musik/rockbjornen/article13549648.ab | title = Bästa liveakt hårdrock: Iron Maiden | last = Wejbro | first = Sandra | date = 31 August 2011 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | language = Swedish | publisher = ''[[Aftonbladet]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[South by Southwest|SXSW Film Festival]]:
* 2009: 24 Béats Per Second – ''Iron Maiden: Flight 666''&lt;ref name=&quot;SXSW&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/uncategorized/iron-maiden-win-award-for-movie-at-sxsw/ | title = SXSW award for Flight 666 | last = Bezer | first = Terry | date = 23 March 2009 | accessdate = 1 September 2011 | publisher = ''[[Metal Hammer]]''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{col-end}}

==Band members==
{{details|List of Iron Maiden band members}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Current members
* [[Steve Harris (musician)|Steve Harris]] – bass, backing vocals &lt;small&gt;(1975–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dave Murray (musician)|Dave Murray]] – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1976–1977, 1978–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Adrian Smith]] – guitars, backing vocals &lt;small&gt;(1980–1990, 1999–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Bruce Dickinson]] – léad vocals &lt;small&gt;(1981–1993, 1999–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nicko McBrain]] – drums, percussion &lt;small&gt;(1982–present)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Janick Gers]] – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1990–present)&lt;/small&gt;

;Live members
* Michael Kenney – keyboards, synthesiser &lt;small&gt;(1988–present)&lt;/small&gt;

{{col-2}}
;Former members
* [[Paul Day (musician)|Paul Day]] – léad vocals &lt;small&gt;(1975–1976)&lt;/small&gt;
* Ron &quot;Rebel&quot; Matthews – drums &lt;small&gt;(1975–1977)&lt;/small&gt;
* Terry Rance – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1975–1976)&lt;/small&gt;
* Dave Sullivan – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1975–1976)&lt;/small&gt;
* Dennis Wilcock – léad vocals &lt;small&gt;(1976–1978)&lt;/small&gt;
* Bob Sawyer – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1977)&lt;/small&gt;
* Terry Wapram – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1977–1978)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Tony Moore (musician)|Tony Moore]] – keyboards &lt;small&gt;(1977)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thunderstick]] – drums, percussion &lt;small&gt;(1977)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doug Sampson]] – drums, percussion &lt;small&gt;(1977–1979)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Paul Di'Anno]] – léad vocals &lt;small&gt;(1978–1981)&lt;/small&gt;
* Paul Cairns – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1979)&lt;/small&gt;
* Paul Todd – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1979)&lt;/small&gt;
* Tony Parsons – guitars &lt;small&gt;(1979)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dennis Stratton]] – guitars, backing vocals &lt;small&gt;(1979–1980)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Clive Burr]] – drums, percussion &lt;small&gt;(1979–1982)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Blaze Bayley]] – léad vocals &lt;small&gt;(1994–1999)&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;!-- DO NOT REMOVE THESE MEMBERS --&gt;
{{col-end}}

==Discography==
{{Mainlist|Iron Maiden discography}}
;Studio albums
* ''[[Iron Maiden (album)|Iron Maiden]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Killers (Iron Maiden album)|Killers]]'' (1981)
* ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Piece of Mind]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Powerslave]]'' (1984)
* ''[[Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album)|Somewhere in Time]]'' (1986)
* ''[[Seventh Son of a Seventh Son]]'' (1988)
* ''[[No Prayer for the Dying]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Fear of the Dark (Iron Maiden album)|Fear of the Dark]]'' (1992)
* ''[[The X Factor (album)|The X Factor]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Virtual XI]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Brave New World (Iron Maiden album)|Brave New World]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Dance of Death (album)|Dance of Death]]'' (2003)
* ''[[A Matter of Life and Death (album)|A Matter of Life and Death]]'' (2006)
* ''[[The Final Frontier]]'' (2010)
* ''[[The Book of Souls]] ''(2015)
*''[[Senjutsu]]'' (2021)

==Concert tours==
{{utama|List of Iron Maiden concert tours}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:80%&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;width:105px;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Duration
! style=&quot;width:220px;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Concert tour
! colspan=6|Lineups
! style=&quot;width:7px;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Dates
|- style=&quot;font-size:smaller&quot;
!Vocals
!Bass
! colspan=3|Guitars
!Drums
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Feb 1980&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Metal for Muthas Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Paul Di'Anno|P. Di'Anno]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;22&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Steve Harris (musician)|S. Harris]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;22&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Dave Murray (musician)|D. Murray]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Dennis Stratton|D. Stratton]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#EFEFEF;&quot; rowspan=13|&lt;small&gt;N/A&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Clive Burr|C. Burr]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|11
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Apr 1980 – Dec 1980&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Iron Maiden Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|104
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Feb 1981 – Dec 1981&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Killer World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Adrian Smith|A. Smith]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|120
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Feb 1982 – Dec 1982&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[The Beast on the Road]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Bruce Dickinson|B. Dickinson]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|184
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;May 1983 – Dec 1983&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[World Piece Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;18&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Nicko McBrain|N. McBrain]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|139
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Aug 1984 – Jul 1985&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[World Slavery Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|187
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Sep 1986 – May 1987&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Somewhere on Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|150
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Apr 1988 – Dec 1988&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[7th Tour of a 7th Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|98
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Sep 1990 – Sep 1991&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[No Prayer on the Road]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;14&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Janick Gers|J. Gers]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|106
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Jun 1992 – Nov 1992&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Fear of the Dark Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|65
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Mar 1993 – Aug 1993&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Real Live Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|45
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Sep 1995 – Sep 1996&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[The X Factour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Blaze Bayley|B. Bayley]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|128
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Apr 1998 – Dec 1998&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Virtual XI World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|81
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Jul 1999 – Oct 1999&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[The Ed Hunter Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''B. Dickinson'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''A. Smith'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|28
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Jun 2000 – Jan 2001&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Brave New World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|81
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;May 2003 – Aug 2003&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|55
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Oct 2003 – Feb 2004&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Dance of Death World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|52
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;May 2005 – Sep 2005&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Eddie Rips Up the World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|42
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Oct 2006 – Jun 2007&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[A Matter of Life and Death Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|58
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Feb 2008 – Apr 2009&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Somewhere Back in Time World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|90
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Jun 2010 – Aug 2011&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[The Final Frontier World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|98
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;small&gt;Jun 2012 – 2013&lt;/small&gt;
| &lt;small&gt;'''[[Maiden England World Tour]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|62*
|}
&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Tour is ongoing - more dates to be announced

==See also==
{{John cena}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|25em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Bushell |first1=Garry | authorlink1 = Garry Bushell |year=1985 |last2=Halfin |first2=Ross | authorlink2 = Ross Halfin |title=Running Free, The Official Story of Iron Maiden |publisher=Zomba Books |isbn=0-946391-84-X |ref=harv |edition=second}}
* {{Cite book| author=Fuentes Rodríguez, César| title=Iron Maiden: El Viaje De La Doncella| year=2005| isbn=84-933891-2-9}} {{es_icon}}
* {{Cite book| author=Gamba, Marco; Visintini, Nicola| title=Iron Maiden Companion (1st ed.)| publisher=Moving Media &amp; Arts| year=2000}}
* {{Cite video| people=Iron Maiden (past and present band and management)| date=1996| title=[[12 Wasted Years]]| medium=VHS| location=UK| publisher=Sanctuary Group}} {{OCLC|23531749}} {{ASIN|6301092643}}
* {{Cite video| people=Iron Maiden (past and present band and management)| date=23 November 2004| title=[[The Early Days|The History Of Iron Maiden – Pt. 1: The Early Days]]| medium=DVD| location=UK| publisher=EMI}} ASIN B0006B29Z2
* {{Cite book| author=Stenning, Paul| title=Iron Maiden: 30 Years of the Beast – The Complete Unauthorised Biography| publisher=Chrome Dreams| year=2006| isbn=1-84240-361-3}}
* {{Cite book|last = Wall|first = Mick| authorlink = Mick Wall |title = Iron Maiden: Run to the Hills, the Authorised Biography|edition = third|publisher = Sanctuary Publishing|year = 2004|isbn = 1-86074-542-3|ref = harv}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.ironmaiden.com}}

{{Iron Maiden}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iron Maiden}}
[[Kategori:English heavy metal musical groups]]
[[Kategori:English rock music groups]]
[[Kategori:Iron Maiden (heavy metal band)]]
[[Kategori:Musical groups established in 1975]]
[[Kategori:Musical groups from London]]
[[Kategori:Musical sextets]]
[[Kategori:Brit Award winners]]
[[Kategori:Grammy Award-winning artists]]
[[Kategori:Ivor Novello Award winners]]
[[Kategori:Kerrang! Awards winners]]
[[Kategori:1975 establishments in England]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik ti Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik légendaris]]


{{music-stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>731524</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-05T02:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="6288" sha1="nv1g3go48cv1em68gc8m18cda91z8nh" xml:space="preserve">{{Orphan|date=April 2017}}

{{infobox badminton event
|name           = Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013
|image          = 2013 BWF World Championships logo.png
|size           = 250px
|caption        =
|date_start     = 5 Agustus
|date_end       = 11 Agustus
|number_edition = 20
|level          = 1
|prize_money    =
|other          =
|competitors    = 345
|nations        = 49
|venue          = [[Gelanggang Olahraga Tianhe]]
|location       = [[Guangzhou]]
}}
{{2013BWFWorldChampionship}}
'''[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF]] 2013''' dilaksanakeun dina 5–11 Agustus 2013 di [[Gelanggang Olahraga Tianhe]] di [[Guangzhou]], [[Cina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pre-announce&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=23535 | title=2013 BWF World Championships | publisher=BWF | accessdate=2013-04-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403091152/http://bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=23535 |date=2013-04-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jadwal==
5 nomor sadayana dimimitian dina poé kahiji jeung finalna dina poé pangahirna.

''Sadaya waktos aya dina ([[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]]).''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Kaping
!Tabuh
!Jirangan
|-
|5 Agustus 2013
|10:00
|Jirangan kahiji (64)
|-
|rowspan=2|6 Agustus 2013
|rowspan=2|13:00
|Jirangan kahiji (64)
|-
|Jirangan kahiji (32)
|-
|7 Agustus 2013
|10:00
|Jirangan kahiji (32)
|-
|8 Agustus 2013
|13:00
|Jirangan kahiji (16)
|-
|rowspan=2|9 Agustus 2013
|12:00
|Parapat Final
|-
|18:00
|Parapat Final
|-
|rowspan=2|10 Agustus 2013
|12:00
|Semi Final
|-
|18:00
|Semi Final
|- style=&quot;background:lemonchiffon&quot;
|11 Agustus 2013
|13:00
|Final
|}

==Medali==
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Tunggal Putra &lt;br /&gt;{{DetailsLink|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Tunggal Putra}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Lin Dan]]|CHN}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Lee Chong Wei]]|MAS}}
|{{flagmedalist|[[Nguyễn Tiến Minh]]|VIE}}
|-
|{{flagmedalist|[[Du Pengyu]]|CHN}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Tunggal Putri &lt;br /&gt;{{DetailsLink|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Tunggal putri}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Ratchanok Inthanon]]|THA}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Li Xuerui]]|CHN}}
|{{flagmedalist|[[Bae Youn-joo]]|KOR}}
|-
|{{flagmedalist|[[Pusarla Venkata Sindhu|P. V. Sindhu]]|IND}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Ganda Putra &lt;br /&gt;{{DetailsLink|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda putra}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Hendra Setiawan]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Muhammad Ahsan]]|INA}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Mathias Boe]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Carsten Mogensen]]|DEN}}
|{{flagmedalist|[[Cai Yun]]&lt;br&gt; jeung [[Fu Haifeng]]|CHN}}
|-
|{{flagmedalist|{{flagmedalist|[[Kim Ki-jung]]&lt;br/&gt; jeung [[Kim Sa-rang (badminton)|Kim Sa-rang]]|KOR}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Ganda Putri &lt;br /&gt;{{DetailsLink|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda putri}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Wang Xiaoli]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Yu Yang (badminton)|Yu Yang]]|CHN}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Eom Hye-won]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Jang Ye-na]]|KOR}}
|{{flagmedalist|[[Tian Qing]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Zhao Yunlei]]|CHN}}
|-
|{{flagmedalist|[[Christinna Pedersen]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Kamilla Rytter Juhl]]|DEN}}
|-
|rowspan=2|Ganda Campuran &lt;br /&gt;{{DetailsLink|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda campuran}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Tontowi Ahmad]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Lilyana Natsir]]|INA}}
|rowspan=2|{{flagmedalist|[[Xu Chen]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Ma Jin]]|CHN}}
|{{flagmedalist|[[Shin Baek-cheol]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Eom Hye-won]]|KOR}}
|-
|{{flagmedalist|[[Zhang Nan (badminton)|Zhang Nan]]&lt;br&gt;jeung [[Zhao Yunlei]]|CHN}}
|}

==Klasemén medali==

{| {{RankedMedalTable|class=wikitable sortable}}
|-
|1||align=left|{{CHN}}||2||2||4||8
|-
|2||align=left|{{INA}}||2||0||0||2
|-
|3||align=left|{{THA}}||1||0||0||1
|-
|4||align=left|{{KOR}}||0||1||3||4
|-
|5||align=left|{{DEN}}||0||1||1||2
|-
|6||align=left|{{MAS}}||0||1||0||1
|-
|rowspan=2|7||align=left|{{IND}}||0||0||1||1
|-
|align=left|{{VIE}}||0||0||1||1
|-
!colspan=2| Total || 5 || 5 || 10 || 20
|}

==Final==
{| class=wikitable style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;
!Nomor
!Jawara
!Runner-up
!Skor
|-
|[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Tunggal putra|Tunggal putra]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lin Dan]]
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lee Chong Wei]]
|16–21, 21–13, 20–17&lt;sup&gt;r
|-
|[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Tunggal putri|Tunggal putri]]
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Ratchanok Inthanon]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xuerui]]
|22–20, 18–21, 21–14
|-
|[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda putra|Ganda putra]]
|{{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan]] / [[Muhammad Ahsan]]
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mathias Boe]] / [[Carsten Mogensen]]
|21–13, 23–21
|-
|[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda putri|Ganda putri]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wang Xiaoli]] / [[Yu Yang (badminton)|Yu Yang]]
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Eom Hye-won]] / [[Jang Ye-na]]
|21–14, 18–21, 21–8
|-
|[[Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013 – Ganda campuran|Ganda campuran]]
|{{flagicon|INA}} [[Tontowi Ahmad]] / [[Lilyana Natsir]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Xu Chen]] / [[Ma Jin]]
|21–13, 16–21, 22–20
|}

==Nagara pamilon==
345 pamaén ti 49 nagara milu dina pasanggiri taun ieu. Nomer dina jero kurung nunjukkeun jumlah pamaén anu milu ti nagara éta.

{{col|3}}
*{{USA}} (8)
*{{AUS}} (2)
*{{AUT}} (2)
*{{BLR}} (1)
*{{BEL}} (5)
*{{BUL}} (4)
*{{CHN}} (26)
*{{TPE}} (17)
*{{CZE}} (5)
*{{DEN}} (17)
*{{ENG}} (12)
*{{EST}} (1)
*{{FIN}} (2)
*{{HKG}} (13)
*{{IND}} (14)
*{{INA}} (28)
*{{IRL}} (3)
*{{ISR}} (1)
*{{GER}} (14)
*{{JPN}} (19)
*{{CAN}} (3)
*{{KOR}} (18)
*{{CRO}} (2)
*{{CUB}} (1)
*{{LTU}} (1)
*{{MAS}} (25)
*{{MRI}} (1)
*{{MEX}} (3)
*{{EGY}} (2)
*{{NOR}} (2)
*{{FRA}} (5)
*{{PHI}} (4)
*{{POL}} (6)
*{{RUS}} (14)
*{{NZL}} (8)
*{{SCO}} (6)
*{{SIN}} (6)
*{{SVK}} (1)
*{{SLO}} (2)
*{{ESP}} (3)
*{{SRI}} (1)
*{{SWE}} (3)
*{{SUI}} (3)
*{{THA}} (14)
*{{UGA}} (1)
*{{UKR}} (7)
*{{VIE}} (1)
*{{NED}} (6)
*{{WAL}} (2)
&lt;/div&gt;

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}

==Tumbu kaluar==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151126004319/http://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=0E4CD385-F662-4AF4-98EB-6F5383FB346A tournamentsoftware.com]

{{International Badminton}}
{{World badminton champs}}

[[Kategori:Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013| ]]
[[Kategori:Pasanggiri Dunya BWF|2013]]
[[Kategori:Badminton di Cina|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013]]
[[Kategori:Badminton taun 2013|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF]]
[[Kategori:Olahraga Cina taun 2013|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF]]
[[Kategori:Olahraga di Guangzhou|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013]]
[[Kategori:Acara olahraga di Cina|Pasanggiri Dunya BWF 2013]]</text>
      <sha1>nv1g3go48cv1em68gc8m18cda91z8nh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Pituduh (tutumbu)</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>41214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>731520</id>
      <parentid>491249</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-05T01:38:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rafka Aditia</username>
        <id>29183</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngamutahirkeun kaca</comment>
      <origin>731520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6825" sha1="nf1e39hfvvwx346ui2k2z24o5aazndw" xml:space="preserve">{{page tabs
|NOTOC = true
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (Wawanohan)|Wawanohan]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (cara ngedit)|Ngédit]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (cara ngatur format)|Ngatur Format]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (tutumbu)|Tutumbu]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (berkas)|Berkas/Gambar]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (ingetkeuneun)|Ingetkeuneun]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (kaca obrolan)|Kaca Obrolan]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (kaca pamake)|Kaca Pamaké]]
|[[Wikipedia:Pituduh (miluan daptar)|Miluan Daptar]]
|This={{{This|4}}}
}}
__NOEDITSECTION__
&lt;div style=&quot;border:2px solid #A3B1BF; padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top:none; background-color:#fff; color:#000&quot;&gt;
'''Tutumbu''' ({{Langx|id|pranala}}, {{Langx|en|link}}) nyaéta hiji tulisan (atawa objék) umpama diklik bakal nganteurkeun urang ka kaca séjénna, boh di jero Wikipédia (tutumbu internal) boh kana kaca séjén di luar loka Wikipédia. Tutumbu ieu ngalantarankeun pamaké wiki bisa pipindahan ti kaca hiji ka kaca séjén. Aya tilu jinis tutumbu anu dipiwanoh ku MédiaWiki tayalian hiji tutumbu internal, tutumbu interwiki, jeung tutumbu luar, ieu séwang-séwangan mibanda format CSS anu mandiri pikeun ngabédakeun anu hiji jeung nu séjénna.

== Tutumbu umum ==
[[Gambar:Contohlinkbirudan-emrah.jpg|jmpl|200px|Tutumbu (''link'') anu beureum nandakeun yén éta kecap teu mibanda eusi  artikel, sedengkeun anu bulao nujukeun yén éta kecap geus aya eusi artikelna lamun di-klik baris asup ka artikel éta kecap.]]
Tutumbu umum téh tayalian tutumbu anu umum dipaké dina unggal artikel. Tutumbu ieu ilaharna nunjul ka artikel séjén anu katempona masih kénéh aya sangkutpautna jeung kontéks artikelna. Dina prakna nyieun sumber, tutumbu umum dijieun ku jalan nuliskeun ''format'' kawas kieu: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Artikel]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (hasil: [[Artikel]]). Umpama [ranala dijieun dina  ''visual'', urang tinggal ngaklik gambar [[Gambar:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Linking.png|40px|link=]] pikein nyieun tutumbu ka kaca séjén.

== Tutumbu kategori ==
{{utama|Pitulung:Kategori}}
Anjeun ogé bisa ngasupkeun hiji artikel ka jero kategori direujeungkeun kana artikel-artikel lian anu sajinis. Carana heunteu kudu hésé, tinggal nuliskeun kawas kieu: &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Kategori:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, jeung tulis ngaran kategori di antara &quot;titik dua&quot; jeung tanda tutup kurung siku. Perenahkeun kategori di palebah handap artikel. Hiji artikel bisa waé diasupkeun kana leuwih ti hiji kategori. Umpamana artikel [[Pulo Bangka]] diasupkeun kana kategori:

:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Kategori:Pulo di Indonésia]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

Pikeun nyieun tutumbu ka kaca kategori (umpamana, sawaréh référénsi pikeun risét anu leuwih jero), cukup nambahkeun tanda titik dua (''':''') samemeh '''tag''' &quot;Kategori&quot;, kawas kieu:

:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[:Kategori:Astronomi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

Kode di luhur engkéna katempo kawas kieu:

:[[:Kategori:Astronomi]]

'''Nunda artikel dina kategori anu merenah baris ngagampangkeun pamaké séjén pikeun maluruh kana hasil jieunan anjeun.''' Cara panghadéna pikeun manggihan kategori kamana ieu artikel kudu diasupkeun, tayalian kujalan nempo artikel anu aya tur sarimbag eusina, tuluy tempo kategorina. Umpamana, lamun anjeun nyieun tulisan atawa artikel ngeunaan ngaran tutuwuhan, tempo ogé artikel séjéna anu ngaguar ngeunaan tutuwuhan.

Leuwih lengkep ngeunaan kategori sarta ngakategorisasi, tempo kaca [[Pitulung:Kategori|Kategori]].

== Tutumbu luar ==
Lamun urang aya maksud nyieun hiji tutumbu ka situs luar (salian Wikipédia), ieu tutumbu hadéna aya dina bagéan &quot;[[Wikipedia:Pranala luar|Tutumbu luar]]&quot; di panungtung artikelna.

Carana gampang, cukup tulis waé alamat situs web (URL) anu dimaksud rék disambungken téa. Umpamana mun urang aya maksud nyieun tutumbu ka [[Google]], Anjeun tinggal tuliskeun:
:&lt;code&gt;http://www.google.co.id/&lt;/code&gt;
Wiki sacara otomatis baris secara otomatis nganggap éta tutumbu salaku tutumbu, tur bakal némbongkeun alamat situs kawas kitu, ogé bagian &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;http://&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;.
&lt;!-- In practice, you won't see this format much, as raw URLs are ugly and often give no clue to what the site actually ''is''. --&gt;

Pikeun nyieun tutumbu salian tina URL, gunakeun tanda kurung pasagi di mimiti jeung panungtung tutumbu. Umpamana mun hayang nyieun tutumbu ka Google, tuliskeun waé:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://www.google.co.id/]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

Ieu engkéna jadi tutumbu salaku angka dijero kurung, kawas kieu: [http://www.google.co.id/]. Format ieu sarua jeung catatan kaki, matakna remen  dipaké pikeun nyebutkeun sumber jeung rujukan dijero artikel. Kudu disingkahan ngagunakeun: &quot;Menurut [http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616215349/http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm |date=2009-06-16 }}, bulan purnama terakhir pada milenium kedua terjadi pada tanggal [[11 Desember]] [[1999]].&quot; Cukup ku &quot;bulan purnama terakhir pada milenium kedua terjadi pada tanggal [[11 Desember]] [[1999]].&quot; [http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616215349/http://members.lycos.nl/JoyceHoen/moon2000.htm |date=2009-06-16 }}&quot;.

Singkahan ogé ngagunakeun tutumbu luar lamun mah masih kénéh bisa ngahubungkeun éta artikel ka artikel dijero Wikipédia. Umpamana, Jauhan ieu 
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Soekarno gumelar di [www.surabaya.go.id Surabaya]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
hadéna paké 
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Soekarno gumelar di [[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

Umpamana anjeun boga maksud nyieun tutumbu kalawan tulisan anu katempona béda, tambahkeun judul alternatif sabada alamat situs web, anu dipisahkeun ku tanda '''spasi''' (''lain'' pipa). Jadi, umpamana anjeun hayang nyieun  tutumbu anu katempona kawas kieu [http://www.google.co.id/ Mesin pencari Google], cara nulisna:
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[http://www.google.co.id/ Mesin pencari Google]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

''Catetan'': Ngagunakeun karakter husus, kawas tanda pipa (&lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt;) dina URL tutumbu baris ngabalukarkeun tutumbu henteu bisa dipaké. Dalah ti kitu, ''sintaks'' [[URL]] mibanda kamampuan pikeun ngadefinisikeun karakter dina hiji URL salaku [[heksadésimal]] anu sarua baé/ékipalén jeung kode [[ASCII]]na. Contona, tulisan &lt;code&gt;%7C&lt;/code&gt; tibatan maké karakter pipa. tempo [[ASCII#karakter ASCII nu bisa dicitak|tabél karakter ASCII nu bisa dicitak]] pikeun kode heksadésimal leuwih lengkep.

Nalika diperenahkeun di handapeun séksi Tutumbu luar, tutumbu nu alusna mah disusun dina format ''bullet''.&lt;br /&gt;
Conto :
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;==Tutumbu luar==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;*[http://www.google.co.id/ Mesin pencari Google]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Hasilna kawas kieu:
{| summary=&quot;contoh&quot;
|[[Gambar:Pranalaluar-tutorial.jpg|kiri|link=]]
|}

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
__NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__

[[Kategori:Fitur Wikipédia]]
[[Kategori:Émbaran dasar Wikipédia]]</text>
      <sha1>nf1e39hfvvwx346ui2k2z24o5aazndw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Seoul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>731526</id>
      <parentid>731451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-05T03:16:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>25926</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>731526</origin>
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      <text bytes="96474" sha1="q0ha3kwykaqepmcf2b76h0rrahp333e" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{Other use}}--&gt;
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = {{raise|0.1em|Seoul}}
|native_name            = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|서울시}}}}
|native_name_lang       = ko
|official_name          = Kota Istiméwa Seoul&lt;br /&gt;{{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|서울특별시}}}}
|Name               = 서울특별시
|settlement_type        = [[Kota Istiméwa di Koréa Kidul|Kota Istiméwa]]
|total_type             = &lt;!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --&gt;
|motto                  =
|year                   = 18 BCE
|translit_lang1         = &amp;nbsp;
|translit_lang1_type1   = [[Hangul]]
|translit_lang1_info1   = {{linktext|서울}}{{linktext|특|별|시}}
|translit_lang1_type2   = [[Hanja]]
|translit_lang1_info2   = {{linktext|서|울|特|別|市}}
|translit_lang1_type3   = {{nowrap|[[Romanisasi nu Dirévisi]]}}
|translit_lang1_info3   = {{nowrap|Seoul Teukbyeolsi}}
|translit_lang1_type4   = {{nowrap|[[McCune–Reischauer]]}}
|translit_lang1_info4   = {{nowrap|Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi}}
|image_skyline          = Seoul_Montage_2014.jpg{{!}}border
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_caption          = &lt;!--Sawangan di Seoul (saarah jeung jarum jam ti luhur): Gapura [[Gwanghwamun]] di Karaton  [[Gyeongbokgung]]; arca Laksamana [[Yi Sun-sin]]; arca [[Paringetan Perang Koréa]]; kendi panyimpen dahareun di Karaton Gyeonbokgung; Kuil [[Jongmyo]]; [[Katedral Myeongdong]]; arca Raja [[Sejong nu Agung]]; jeung (tengah) [[Munara Seoul N]].--&gt;

|flag_size              =
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     = Logo of Seoul, South Korea.svg
|blank_emblem_type      = Seal of Seoul
|blank_emblem_size      =
|image_map              = South Korea-Seoul.svg
|mapsize                =
|map_caption            = Peta Koréa Kidul kalayan Seoul nu disorot
|image_map1             =
|mapsize1               =
|map_caption1           =
|image_dot_map          =
|dot_mapsize            =
|dot_map_caption        =
|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            =
|pushpin_label_position = &lt;!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|coordinates_display    = inline,title
|coordinates_region     = KR
|subdivision_type       = Nagara
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Koréa Kidul}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Wewengkon di Koréa|Wewengkon]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Wewengkon Ibukota Nasional Seoul]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|subdivision_type3      =
|subdivision_name3      =
|subdivision_type4      =
|subdivision_name4      =
|seat_type              =
|seat                   =
|parts_type             = Distrik
|parts_style            = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;
|parts                  = 25&lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
|p1                     = [[Distrik Dobong]]
|p2                     = [[Distrik Dongdaémun]]
|p3                     = [[Distrik Dongjak]]
|p4                     = [[Distrik Eunpyeong]]
|p5                     = [[Distrik Gangbuk]]
|p6                     = [[Distrik Gangdong]]
|p7                     = [[Distrik Gangnam]]
|p8                     = [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Distrik Gangseo]]
|p9                     = [[Distrik Geumcheon]]
|p10                    = [[Distrik Guro]]
|p11                    = [[Distrik Gwanak]]
|p12                    = [[Distrik Gwangjin]]
|p13                    = [[Distrik Jongno]]
|p14                    = [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]]
|p15                    = [[Distrik Jungnang]]
|p16                    = [[Distrik Mapo]]
|p17                    = [[Distrik Nowon]]
|p18                    = [[Distrik Seocho]]
|p19                    = [[Distrik Seodaémun]]
|p20                    = [[Distrik Seongbuk]]
|p21                    = [[Seongdong District]]
|p22                    = [[Distrik Songpa]]
|p23                    = [[Distrik Yangcheon]]
|p24                    = [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]]
|p25                    = [[Distrik Yongsan]]
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        = [[Pamaréntahan Métropolitan Seoul]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Pamaréntahan Déwan-Walikota|Déwan-Walikota]]
|leader_party           = {{Small|[[Aliansi Pulitik Anyar keur Démokrasi|NPAD]]}}
|leader_title           = Walikota
|leader_name            = [[Park Won-soon]]
|leader_title1          = Déwan
|leader_name1           = Déwan Métropolitan Seoul
|leader_title2          = Perwakilan National&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;[[Majlis Nasional Koréa Kidul|Majlis Nasional]]
|leader_name2           = {{Composition bar|48|300}} 16.0% (total korsi)&lt;br /&gt;{{Composition bar|48|246}}19.5% (constituency seats)&lt;br /&gt;{{Collapsible list
|title                  = &lt;!-- Romanization as found on http://www.assembly.go.kr --&gt;
|frame_style            = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style            =
|list_style             = text-align:left;display:none;
|1                      =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dobong|Dobong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[In Jae Keun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|2                      =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dobong|Dobong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yoo Ihn-tae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|3                      =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dongdaémun|Dongdaémun]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ahn Gyu Baek]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|4                      =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dongdaémun|Dongdaémun]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Min Byung Doo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|5                      =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Dongjak|Dongjak]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Jun Byung-Hun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|6                      =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Dongjak|Dongjak]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Chung Mong-Joon|Chung Mong Joon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|7                      =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Eunpyeong|Eunpyeong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lee Mi Kyung]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|8                      =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Eunpyeong|Eunpyeong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lee Jae Oh]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|9                      =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangbuk|Gangbuk]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Oh Young-Sik]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|10                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangbuk|Gangbuk]]&lt;br /&gt;[[You Dae Woon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|11                     =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangdong|Gangdong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shin Dong-Woo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|12                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangdong|Gangdong]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shim Jae Kwon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|13                     =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangnam|Gangnam]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shim Yoon Joe]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|14                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangnam|Gangnam]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Jong Hoon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|15                     =Distrik 1 [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Gangseo]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Shin Ki-Nam]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|16                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Gangseo]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Sung Tae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|17                     =Distrik [[Distrik Geumcheon|Geumcheon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rhee Mok Hee]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|18                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Guro|Guro]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lee In-Young]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|19                     =Distrik 2 [[Distrik Guro|Guro]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Park Young-Sun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|20                     =[[Gwanak District|Gwanak]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Yoo Ki Hong]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|21                     =[[Gwanak District|Gwanak]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Lee Sang Kyu]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|UPP]])
|22                     =[[Gwangjin District|Gwangjin]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Han Gil]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|23                     =[[Gwangjin District|Gwangjin]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Choo Mi Ae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|24                     =[[Jongno District|Jongno]] district&lt;br /&gt;[[Chung Sye-Kyun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|25                     =[[Jung District, Seoul|Jung]] district&lt;br /&gt;[[Chyung Hojoon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|26                     =[[Jungnang District|Jungnang]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Seo Young Kyo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|27                     =[[Jungnang District|Jungnang]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Park Hong Keun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|28                     =[[Mapo District|Mapo]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Noh Woong Rae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|29                     =[[Mapo District|Mapo]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Jung Cheong Rae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|30                     =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Lee No Keun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|31                     =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Woo Won-Shik]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|32                     =[[Nowon District|Nowon]] 3rd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Roh Hoe Chan]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Progrésif Ngahiji|UPP]])
|33                     =[[Seocho District|Seocho]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Hoe Sun]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|34                     =[[Seocho District|Seocho]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kang Seoghoon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|35                     =[[Seodaemun District|Seodaemun]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Woo Sang Ho]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|36                     =[[Seodaemun District|Seodaemun]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Chung Doo-un|Chung Doo-Un]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|37                     =[[Seongbuk District|Seongbuk]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[You Seung-Hee]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|38                     =[[Seongbuk District|Seongbuk]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Shin Geh-Ryoon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|39                     =[[Seongdong District|Seongdong]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Choi Jae Cheon]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|40                     =[[Seongdong District|Seongdong]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Hong Ihk Pyo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|41                     =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Park In-Sook]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|42                     =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Yoo Il Ho]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|43                     =[[Songpa District|Songpa]] 3rd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Eul Dong]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|44                     =[[Yangcheon District|Yangcheon]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kil Jeong Woo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|45                     =[[Yangcheon District|Yangcheon]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Yongtae]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
|46                     =[[Yeongdeungpo District|Yeongdeungpo]] 1st district&lt;br /&gt;[[Kim Young Joo]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Democratic United Party|DUP]])
|47                     =[[Yeongdeungpo District|Yeongdeungpo]] 2nd district&lt;br /&gt;[[Shin Kyoung Min]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Démokrat Ngahiji|DUP]])
|48                     =[[Yongsan District|Yongsan]] district&lt;br /&gt;[[Chin Young]]&lt;br /&gt;([[Partéy Saénuri|Saénuri]])
}}
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      = &lt;!-- Settled --&gt;
|established_date       =
|established_title1     = &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date1      =
|established_title2     = &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =
|established_date3      =
|founder                =
|named_for              =
|area_magnitude         = &lt;!-- use only to set a special wikilink --&gt;
|unit_pref              = &lt;!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--&gt;
|area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=&quot;seoul1&quot;/&gt;
|area_total_km2         = 605.21 &lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_land_km2          = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2         =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2         =
|area_metro_km2         =
|area_blank1_title      =
|area_blank1_km2        =
|elevation_footnotes    = &lt;!--for references: use&lt;ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_max_m        =
|elevation_min_m        =
|population_as_of       = 31 Oktober 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;Population estimate&quot;&gt;http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/ageStat.do?command=month {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035927/http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/ageStat.do?command=month |date=2014-11-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes   =
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 10,117,909
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_metro       = 25,620,000
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_urban       =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_blank1_title= [[Démonim]]
|population_blank1      = 서울 사람 (Seoul saram), 서울시민 (Seoul-simin), Seoulite
|population_blank2_title= Lentong
|population_blank2      = [[Lentong Seoul|Seoul]]
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|blank_name_sec2           = GDP
|blank_info_sec2           = [[American Dollar|US$]] 845.9&amp;nbsp;billion &lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=Brookings Institution|accessdate=18 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|blank1_name_sec2           = GDP per kapita
|blank1_info_sec2           = US$ 34,355 &lt;ref name=&quot;brookingsgdp&quot; /&gt;
|timezone               = UTC +09:00 (Korean Time)
|utc_offset             =
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
| coor_pinpoint         = &lt;!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to --&gt;
|latd=37   |latm=34  |latNS=N 
|longd=126 |longm=58  |longEW=E
|postal_code_type       = &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|twin1                  =
|twin1_country          =
|twin2                  =
|twin2_country          =
|twin3                  =
|twin3_country          =
|twin4                  =
|twin4_country          =
|twin5                  =
|twin5_country          =
|twin6                  =
|twin6_country          =
|twin7                  =
|twin7_country          =
|blank_name             = Manuk
|blank_info             = [[Korean Magpie]]
|blank1_name            = Kelir
|blank1_info            = Seoul Red&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul Metropolitan Government&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Color|url=http://www.seoul.go.kr/v2012/seoul/symbol/color.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|blank2_name            = Kembang
|blank2_info            = [[Forsythia]]
|blank3_name            = Aksara
|blank3_info            = Aksara Seoul ([[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] jeung [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]])
|blank4_name            = Maskot
|blank4_info            = Haéchi
|blank5_name            = Slogan
|blank5_info            = “함께 만드는 서울, 함께 누리는 서울” (Literally &quot;Seoul We Create Together, Seoul We Enjoy Together&quot;)
|blank6_name            = Lagu
|blank6_info            = &quot;서울의 빛&quot; (&quot;Cahya Seoul&quot;)
|blank7_name            = Tangkal
|blank7_info            = [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]]
|website                = [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ seoul.go.kr]
|footnotes              =
}}
'''Séoul''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|s|oʊ|l}}; {{IPA-ko|sʰʌ.ul|lang|ko-Seoul.ogg}})&lt;!--please do not repeat info already in infobox, e.g. Korean: 서울특별시--&gt;&amp;nbsp;– resmina '''Kota Istiméwa Séoul'''&amp;nbsp; – mangrupa ibu kota tur [[métropolis]] panggedéna di [[Koréa Kidul]], nu mangrupa jajantung [[Wewengkon Ibukota Seoul]], kaasup sabudeureun métropolis [[Incheon]] jeung propinsi [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]], [[Daptar wewengkon métropolitan dumasar populasi|wewengkon métropolitan kadua panggedéna]] sadunya kalayan 25.6&amp;nbsp;yuta urang pangeusi.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.moj.go.kr/HP/COM/bbs_03/ShowData.do?strNbodCd=noti0097&amp;strWrtNo=167&amp;strAnsNo=A&amp;strFilePath=moj/&amp;strRtnURL=MOJ_40402000&amp;strOrgGbnCd=104000&lt;/ref&gt; mangrupa tempat leuwih ti satengahna pangeusi Koréa Kidul kaasup 678,102 warga internasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |title=국가통계포털 |publisher=Kosis.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826055149/http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A |date=2013-08-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalayan pangeusi leuwih ti 10 yuta, ieu [[kota gedé]] mangrupa [[List of cities proper by population|largest city proper]] di [[OECD]].

Perenahna di [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], sajarah Séoul ti mangsa ka tukang kacida panjangna leuwih ti dua rébu taun ti saprak diadegkeun taun 18 SM ku [[Baékjaé]], salah sahiji tina [[Tilu Karajaan di Koréa]]. Séoul masih tumuluy jadi ibu kota [[Koréa]] nalika  [[Dinasti Joseon]]. [[Wewengkon Ibu kota Seoul]] ngawengku lima [[Loka Warisan Dunya UNESCO]]: [[Changdeokgung|Karato Changdeok]], [[Bénténg Hwaseong]], [[Jongmyo|Kuil Jongmyo]], [[Namhansanseong]] katut [[Makam Karajaan Dinasti Joseon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr|title=Lists: Republic of Korea |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Séoul dikurilingan ku pagunungan, nu pangluhurna mah [[Bukhansan|Gunung Bukhan]], taman nasional nu panglobana didatangan per suku pasagina.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264309 |title=Bukhansan National Park (북한산국립공원) |publisher=English.visitkorea.or.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928122447/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264309 |date=2013-09-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Cicirén  modéren  di antarana [[Munara Seoul N]], [[Wangunan 63]] kelir emas, [[Dongdaemun Design Plaza &amp; Park|Dongdaemun Design Plaza]] nu ''neofuturiskik'', [[Lotte World]], taman jejeran jero rohangan panggedéna kadua sadunya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.viator.com/Seoul-attractions/Lotte-World/d973-a4955 |title=Lotte World – Seoul Attractions |publisher=Viator.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[Moonlight Rainbow Fountain]], cai mancer sasak pangpanjangna sadunya&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/6000/longest-bridge-fountain |title=Longest bridge fountain |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |date=2008-01-01 |accessdate=2013-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;  katut [[Some Sevit|Pulo Ngambang Sevit]]. Minangka tempat lahirna [[K-pop]] katut [[Korean Wave]], Séoul narima leuwih ti 12 yuta turis internasional dina taun 2013,&lt;ref&gt;[http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=409&amp;lang=eng Seoul Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927051259/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=409&amp;lang=eng |date=2013-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ngajadikeun Séoul minangka [[Pelesir#Indéks Kota Tujuan Global MasterCard|kota ka-10 panglobana didatangan]] sadunya katut ka-6 pangngahasilkeunana dina hal pelesir.&lt;ref&gt;[http://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Mastercard_GDCI_2014_Letter_Final_70814.pdf MasterCard-Global Destination Cities index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916112828/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Mastercard_GDCI_2014_Letter_Final_70814.pdf |date=2018-09-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kiwari, Séoul dianggap minangka hiji [[kota global]] nu pinunjul tur ngaronjat, nu dihasilkeun tina hasil ekonomi nu disebut [[Kaahéngan Walungan Han]] nu ngarobah tina karuksakan [[Perang Koréa]] jadi [[Daptar kota dumasar kana GDP|ékonomi métropolitan panggedéna ka-4]] kalayan [[GDP]] US$774 miliar&lt;ref&gt;At [[purchasing power parity]], see [[List of cities by GDP]].&lt;/ref&gt; dina taun 2012 sanggeus [[Tokyo]], [[Kota New York]] katut [[Los Angeles]]. Puseur téhnologi dunya nu pinunjul di [[Gangnam (3 Distrik)|Gangnam]] katut [[Kota Média Digital]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world – Technology |publisher=theage.com.au |date=2009-06-15 |accessdate=2013-08-07 |location=Melbourne}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wewengkon Ibu kota Séoul bisa ngagulkeun 15&lt;ref&gt;http://fortune.com/global500/samsung-electronics-13/&lt;/ref&gt; pausahaan [[Fortune Global 500]] saperti [[Samsung]], [[Daptar pausahaan téhnologi panggedéna|pausahaan téhnologi panggedéna]] sadunya, katambah ku [[LG]] jeung [[Grup Otomotif Hyundai Kia|Hyundai-Kia]]. Dina taun 2013, [[Daptar wewengkon di Koréa Kidul dumasar GDP|GDP per kapita (PPP)]] ieu kota nu $39,448 bisa dibandingken jeung [[Perancis]] katut [[Finlandia]]. Réngking kagenep dina [[Kota global|Indéks Kota Daya Global]] sarta kagenep dina [[Indéks Puseur Finansial Global]], ieu métropolis ngadorong pangaruh nu gedé dina urusan global minangka salah sahiji tina lima [[Uni Asosiasi Internasional|tuan rumah konférénsi global]] nu pinunjul.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.uia.be/sites/uia.be/files/documents/statistics/press/press12.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Séoul meunang réngking katujuh dina [[Sustainable Cities Index]], pangluhurna di Asia tur réngking kadua sadunya dina kategori sosial. Ogé mangrupa tuan rumah pembukaan seni panglobana sadunya per mil pasagina.&lt;ref name=&quot;travel.cnn.com&quot;&gt;http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/life/50-reasons-why-seoul-worlds-greatest-city-534720 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022092637/http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/life/50-reasons-why-seoul-worlds-greatest-city-534720 |date=2014-10-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Séoul mangrupa kota pangkahubungkeunana ku kabel sadunya&lt;ref name=&quot;travel.cnn.com&quot;/&gt; tur réngking kahiji dina kasiapan téhnologi dumasar kana laporan ''Kota Kasempetan'' [[PwC]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cities-of-opportunity/2014/assets/cities-of-opportunity-2014.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Infrastruktur transportasi publikna mangrupa nu pangpadetna sadunya&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thecrystal.org/assets/download/120724_GCI_SummaryReport_final2.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418083359/http://www.thecrystal.org/assets/download/120724_GCI_SummaryReport_final2.pdf |date=2015-04-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; tur karéngking minangka nu panghadéna di [[Beulahan Bumi Kalér]] dina [[Sustainable Cities Index]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.sustainablecitiesindex.com/wp-content/uploads/Sustainable-Cities-Index-2015-Press-Release.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212115804/http://www.sustainablecitiesindex.com/wp-content/uploads/Sustainable-Cities-Index-2015-Press-Release.pdf |date=2015-02-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dirojong ku [[karéta gancang]] [[Korea Train Express|KTX]] katut [[Subway Seoul]], jajaring [[Rapid transit|subway]] panggedé sadunya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/features/featurethe-worlds-longest-metro-and-subway-systems-4144725 |title=The world's longest metro and subway systems |publisher=Railway-technology.com |accessdate=2014-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;  nyayagakeun [[4G LTE]], [[WiFi]] katut [[Digital Multimedia Broadcasting|DMB]] dina kandaraan handapeun lemah. Séoul kahubung ku [[AREX]] ka [[Bandara Internasional Incheon]], nu meunang pangajén minangka [[Airports Council International|bandara panghadéna salila salapan taun patuturut (2005–2013)]] sadunya ti [[Airports Council International]].&lt;ref&gt;http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140527001084 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402204636/http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140527001084 |date=2019-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lotte World Tower]], [[pemcakar langit]] ''[[supertall]]'' 556m (1,824&amp;nbsp;ft) kalayan 123 lantéy, diwangun di Séoul nu jadi pangluhurna dina [[OECD]] taun 2015 kalayan galadak observasi katut galeri seni pangluhurna sadunya.&lt;ref name=CTBUH&gt;{{cite web|url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&amp;building_id=88|title=Lotte World Premium Tower|publisher=''[[CTBUH]]''|accessdate=10 April 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213730/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=building&amp;building_id=88 |date=25 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.lwt.co.kr/introduce/tour/tour.do {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016191654/http://www.lwt.co.kr/introduce/tour/tour.do |date=2014-10-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Its [[Lotte Cinema]] houses the world's largest cinema screen.&lt;ref name=&quot;guinnessworldrecords.com&quot;&gt;http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-permanent-35mm-cinema-screen/&lt;/ref&gt;[[COEX Mall]] Séoul mangrupa mall pangbalanjaan panggedéna di sahandapeun lemah.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html?ar_id=NISX20141201_0013328698&amp;cID=10402&amp;pID=10400&lt;/ref&gt; [[Emporis]] nyababkeun ''skyline'' Séoul meunang réngking minangka pangaruh visual pangluhurna kaopat sadunya di antara kota-kota gedé.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106210644/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking |date=2012-11-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]], [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1988]], [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2002]] jeung [[KTT Seoul G-20 2010]]. [[Jaringan Kota Kréatif|Kota Disain UNESCO]], Séoul dingaranan [[Ibu kota Disain Dunia|Ibu kota Disain Dunia 2010]].

==Étimologi==
{{main|Ngaran Seoul}}
Ieu kota geus kasohor ti jaman baheula kalayan ngaran [[Wiryéseong|Wiryé-seong]] (위례성/{{lang|ko|慰禮城}}, nalika jaman [[Baékjé]]), [[Hanju]] (한주/{{lang|ko|漢州}}, nalika jaman [[Silla]]), [[Namgyeong]] (남경/{{lang|ko|南京}}, nalika jaman [[Goryeo]]), [[Hanseong]] (한성/{{lang|ko|漢城}}, nalika jaman [[Baékjé]] jeung jaman [[Dinasti Joseon|Joseon]]), [[Hanyang]] (한양/{{lang|ko|漢陽}}, nalika jaman [[Dinasti Joseon|Joseon]]), Gyéongséong (경성/{{lang|ko|京城}}, nalika [[Koréa nalika dijajah Jepang|jaman penjajahan]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopædia Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul |title=Seoul |year=2009 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=6 September 2009|quote=The city was popularly called Seoul in Korean during both the [[Chosŏn]] (Yi) dynasty (1392–1910) and the period of Japanese rule (1910–45), although the official names in those periods were [[Hansŏng]] (Hanseong) and [[Kyŏngsŏng]] (Gyeongseong), respectively.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaran nu kiwari mah asalna tina kecap [[basa Koréa]] nu hartina &quot;ibu kota,&quot; nu dipercaya diturunkeun tina kecap ''Seorabeol'' (서라벌/{{lang|ko|徐羅伐}}), nu asalna nujul kana [[Gyeongju]], ibu kota [[Silla]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i |title=yahoo |publisher=Uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107185557/http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i |date=2007-01-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Séoul boga loba ngaran tangtu aya alesanana. Nalika dijajah ku Jepang, &quot;Hanseong&quot; (漢城) diganti ngaran ku &quot;Gyeongseong&quot; (京城) sangkan teu patukeur jeung karakter &quot;{{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}}&quot; sabab nujul ogé ka urang China. Dina kanyataanana mah, ngaran kuna Séoul, Hanséong {{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}} asalna boga harti &quot;Gedé&quot; atawa &quot;Lega&quot;. Pamaréntah Jepang mutuskeun pikeun nganti ieu karakter ti {{lang|ko|{{linktext|漢}}}} jadi {{lang|ko|{{linktext|京}}}} sangkan rahayat henteu saralah nganggap yén Séoul boga hubungan jeung urang China.

Henteu kawas lolobana ngaran tempat di Koréa, &quot;Seoul&quot; mah henteu boga [[hanja]] ([[karakter China]] nu dipaké dina [[basa Koréa]]). Dina tanggal 18 Januari 2005, pamaréntah Séoul sacara resmi ngaganti ngaran basa China resmina ku ''Shou'er'' ({{zh|s=首尔|t=首爾|p=shǒu'ěr}}) tina Hancheng ({{zh|t=漢城|s=汉城|p=hànchéng}}), nu tuluy jadi henteu pati ilahar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&amp;mid=sec&amp;sid1=104&amp;oid=022&amp;aid=0000126138 |script-title=ko:서울특별시표기 ''首爾''로...중국, 곧 정식 사용키로 :: 네이버 뉴스 |language= ko |publisher=News.naver.com |date=2005-10-23 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-01/20/content_410881.htm |title='Seoul' morphs into Chinese 'Shouer' |publisher=Chinadaily.com.cn |date=2005-01-20 |accessdate=2012-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html |title=goodcharacters.com |publisher=goodcharacters.com }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930195048/http://goodcharacters.com/newsletters/summer2006-seoul-korea.html |date=2018-09-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sajarah==
{{Main|Sajarah Seoul}}
{{see also|Gurat wanci Seoul}}
[[File:Donggwol-do.jpg|left|thumb|300px|''[[Donggwoldo]]'', lukisan pemandangan Changdeokgung]]
Pakampungan di wewengkon [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], tempat perenahna Séoul kiwari, geus mimiti ditempatan ti kira-kira taun 4000 SM.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul/24023/Cultural-life#toc24024|title=Seoul|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2014-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Séoul munggaran kacatet minangka Wiryeséong, ibu kota [[Baékjé]] (ngadeg taun 18 SM) di béh kalér wétan wewengkon Séoul.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt; Aya sababaraha pinding dayeuh nu nyésa di ieu wewengkon nu nuduhkeun tanggal harita. [[Pungnaptoseong]], pinding béh wétan di saluareun Séoul, dipercaya ku balaréa minangka loka Wiryeéséong utama.&lt;ref name=&quot;toseong&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://m.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;m&amp;p=02&amp;menu=0004003002017&amp;art_id=535&amp;searchLoca&amp;searchTheme=0002000001003&amp;flag&amp;searchType|title=Pungnap-toseong (Earthen Ramparts)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222005911/http://m.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;m&amp;p=02&amp;menu=0004003002017&amp;art_id=535&amp;searchLoca&amp;searchTheme=0002000001003&amp;flag&amp;searchType |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Alatan Tilu Karajaan marebutkeun wewengkon nu stratégis ieu, kadali pindah ti Baékjé ka [[Goguryeo]] dina abad ka-5, sarta ti Goguryéo ka [[Silla]] dina abad ka-6.

Dina abad ka-11 [[Goryeo]], nu ngaganti [[Silla Ngahiji]], ngawangun hiji karaton usum panas di Séoul, nu dianggap &quot;Ibu kota Kidul&quot;. Ti saprak harita, Séoul jadi hiji panganjrekan nu beuki leuwih lega.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;
Nalika [[Joseon]] ngaganti Goryéo, ieu ibu kota pindah ka Séoul (katelah ogé Hanyang sarta satuluyna Hanséong), nu tumuluy nepi ka runtagna ieu dinasti. [[Gyeongbokgung|Karaton Gyeongbok]], nu diwangun dina abad ka-14, dipidangkeun minangka panyicingan karajaan tepi ka taun 1592. Karaton gedé lianna, [[Changdeokgung]], diwangun taun 1405, dipidangkeun minangka karaton karajaan utama ti taun 1611 tepi ka 1872.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;

Tadina mah ieu kota téh sagemblengna dikurilingan ku [[Pinding bénténg Seoul|pinding batu]] pikeun ngamankeun wargana tina sato galak, nu maling katut serangan ti luar. Ieu kota tuluy tuwuh ka saluareun éta pinding tur sok sanajan pindingna geus euweuh ogé (kajaba di sapanjang Gunung Bugaksan (북악산), di béh kalér wewengkon puseur dayeuh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1061818|title=Bugaksan Mountain|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062015/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1061818 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;), gapurana mah nyésa kénéh di deukeuteun tengah kota Séoul, kaasup Sungnyémun (ilaharna kasohor minangka [[Namdaémun]]) katut Honginjimun (ilaharna kasohor minangka [[Dongdaémun]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5781/|title=Seoul City Wall|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=2014-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Salila dinasti Joséon, ieu gapura dibuka jeung ditutup unggal poé, dibarengan ku sora loncéng gedé di [[Munara loncéng (arsitéktur)|munara]] [[Bosingak]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264135|title=Bosingak Belfry|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062012/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264135 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Dina abad ka-19 ahir, sanggeus ratusan taun kaisolasi, Séoul muka gapurana keur urang deungeun tur mimiti dimodérenkeun. Séoul jadi dayeuh munggaran di Asia Wétan nu ngawanohkeun listrik di karaton karajaan, diwangun ku [[Edison Illuminating Company]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/8/85/Nam-Early_History.pdf|title=Early History of Electrical Engineering in Korea: Edison and First Electric Lighting in the Kingdom of Corea|author=Nam Moon Hyon|work=Promoting the History of EE Jan 23–26, 2000|publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|accessdate=2014-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; tur sapuluh taun sanggeusna Séoul nerapkeun ogé lampu jalan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=cbRhAQAAQBAJ|title=A History of Korea|author=Kyung Moon Hwang|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=142|year=2010|isbn=9780230364523}}&lt;/ref&gt;

lolobana kamekaran Séoul nyaéta alatan perdagangan jeung nagara deungeun kayaning [[Perancis]] katut [[Amérika Sarikat]]. Contona baé, [[Seoul Electric Company]], Séoul Electric Trolley Company, and Séoul Fresh Spring Water Company kabéhanana mangrupa pausahaan nu dipiboga babarengan ku Koréa katut Amérika.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=3h080YYhS3QC|title=Korea under Siege, 1876–1945 : Capital Formation and Economic Transformation|author=Young-Iob Chung|page=70|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780198039662}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina taun 1904, salah saurang urang Amérika nu ngaranna Angus Hamilton ngadatangan ieu dayeuh tur nyarita, &quot;Jalan di Seoul mah haradé, lalega, bareresih, pikatajieun tur saluran caina ogé ogé hadé. Lajur nu hareureut jeung kotor geus dilegaan, solokanana geus ditutup, atuh jalan rayana ogé geus dilalegaan. Seoul téh geus kairong bakal jadi dayeuh panghadéna, pangpikatajieun, jeung pangberesihna di wewengkon Wétan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=LR8svgdNOAYC&amp;pg=PT123&amp;lpg=PT123&amp;dq=The+streets+of+Seoul+are+magnificent,+spacious,+clean,+admirably+made+and+well-drained&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=RK26xBMz3b&amp;sig=TTDRAs3pIqejESGp1T2J1QoS-84&amp;hl=hu&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=ob70UpPxNMOihgfyr4HACg&amp;ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&amp;q=The%20streets%20of%20Seoul%20are%20magnificent%2C%20spacious%2C%20clean%2C%20admirably%20made%20and%20well-drained&amp;f=false|author=[[Bruce Cumings]]|title=Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company|year=2005|isbn=9780393347531}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanggeus [[Perjangjuan Anéksasi Jepang-Koréa|perjangjian anéksasi]] dina taun 1910, [[Kakaisaran Jepang]] ngajajah Koréa sarta ngaganti ngarang ieu dayeuh jadi [[Gyeongseong]] (&quot;Kyongsong&quot; dina basa Cina atawa &quot;Kéijo&quot; dina basa Jepang). Téhnologi Jepang diimpor, pinding dayeuh dipiceun, sababaraha gapura diancurkeun. Jalan diubinan sarta wangunan gaya Kulon diwangun. Ieu dayeuh diliberalisasi dina mangsa ahir [[Perang Dunya II]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;

Dina taun 1945 mah ieu dayeuh téh resmi dingarangan Séoul tur diputuskeun minangka [[Kota istiméwa di Koréa Kidul|kota istiméwa]] taun 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt;

Salila [[Perang Koréa]], sababaraha kali Séoul pundah-pindah leungeun antara angkatan bersenjata Koréa Kalér nu dibéking ku Rusia/Cina, jeung Koréa Kidul nu dibéking ku Amérika Sarikat, nu nyababkeun ieu dayeuh ruksak parna sanggeusna perang. Ibu kota sawatara waktu mah dipindahkeun heula ka [[Busan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt; Ceuk salah sahiji perkiraan ngeunaan kaayaan ruksakna Séoul mah, sahanteuna 191.000 wangunan, 55.000 imah, katut 1.000 pabrik rata jeung taneuh. Katambah deui, banjir pangungsi geus asup ka Seul nalika perang, nyababkeun kamekaran jumlah pangeusi ieu dayeuh katut wewengkon mtropolitanana  nepikeun ka kurang leuwih 1.5 yuta jiwa taun 1955.&lt;ref name=&quot;hamnett&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=8GSpAgAAQBAJ|title=Planning Asian Cities: Risks and Resilience|page=159|publisher=Routledge|year= 2012|editor=Stephen Hamnett, Dean Forbes|isbn= 9781136639272}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanggeusna perang, Séoul mimiti fokus kana ngarékonstruksi jeung ngamodérnisasi. Alatan [[Kaajaiban Walungan Han|ékonomi Koréa mimiti tuwuh kacida rongkahna]] ti saprak taun 1960-an, urbanisasi ogé beuki gancang sarta para pagawé mimiti narempatan Séoul katut dayeuh gedéliana.&lt;ref name=&quot;hamnett&quot; /&gt; Ti taun 1970-an, ukuran wewengkon administratif Séoul beuki ngalegaan pisan alatan nyokot sababaraha kota leutik katut désa ti sababaraha county sabudeureunana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://spp.seoul.go.kr/cms/board/Download.jsp?fileId=IUAjJDMyMTY1LS0kJA==|title=Urban Planning of Seoul|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|format=PDF|year=2009|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125042517/http://spp.seoul.go.kr/cms/board/Download.jsp?fileId=IUAjJDMyMTY1LS0kJA== |date=2016-01-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dumasar kana data sénsus taun 2012, populasi wewengkon Séoul geus kira-kira 20% tina total populasi Koréa Kidul,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/AboutKorea/Korea-at-a-Glance/Facts-about-Korea|title=Facts about Korea|publisher=Korea.net|accessdate=2014-02-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Séoul geus ngajadi puseurna ékonomi, pulitik katut budaya di ieu nagara,&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot; /&gt; kalayan sababaraha pausahaan [[Fortune 500]], kaasup [[Samsung]], [[SK Holdings]], [[Hyundai]], [[POSCO]] katut [[LG Group]] nu kantor puseurna di dinya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/SouthKorea.html|title=GLOBAL 500|publisher=CNN Money|accessdate=2014-02-07|date=2012-07-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023118/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/SouthKorea.html |date=2014-04-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]] jeung [[Olimpiade Usum Panas 1988]] sajaba ti mangrupa salah sahiji tempat [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002|Piala Dunya Maén Bal 2002]].

==Géografi==
[[File:Hangang Railway Bridge.jpg|left|thumbnail|[[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]]]]
Séoul perenahna di béh kalér kulon Koréa Kidul. Legana 605,25&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;ref name=&quot;seoul1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/Seoul_System5.jsp?stc_cd=412|title=Seoul Statistics (Land Area)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=24 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; kalayan radius kurang leuwih {{convert|15|km|0|abbr=on}}, nu sacara gurat badag kabagi jadi wewengkon kalér jeung kidul nu dipisahkeun ku  Walungan Han. Ieu walungan katut wewengkon sabudeureunana boga pancén nu kacida pentingna dina sajarah Koréa. Tilu Karajaan Koréa kacida merjuangkeun pikeun bisa ngadalikeun ieu lemah, sabab ieu walungan mangsa harita mah dipaké keur jalur dagang ka Cina (ngaliwatan [[Laut Konéng]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;art_id=10833&amp;lang=en&amp;m=0004003002015&amp;p=03|title=Brief History of Hangang (River)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-07}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612131834/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;m=0004003002015&amp;p=03&amp;art_id=10833&amp;lang=en |date=2010-06-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu walungan kiwari henteu bisa dipaké deui keur balayar alatan [[muhara]]na aya dina wates antara dua Koréa nu henteu beunang sagawayah jelema sipil bisa larsup. Ieu dayeuh diwatesan ku dalapan gunung, kaasup lemah pangluhurna dina daratan Walungan Han jeung wewengkon béh kulon.

===Iklim===
{{Main|Iklim Seoul}}
{{climate chart
| Seoul
|- 6|2|21
|- 3|5|25
|2|10|47
|8|18|65
|13|23|106
|18|27|133
|22|29|395
|22|30|364
|17|26|169
|10|20|52
|3|12|53
|- 3|4|22
|float=right
|clear=none
|units=metric}}
Séoul boga iklim transisional [[buana beueus]]/[[subtropis beueus|subtropis]] ([[klasifikasi iklim Köppen]] ''Dwa/Cwa''), kalayan karakteristik iklim di antara duanana. Salila bulan Nopémber–Méi, iklim Séoul leuwih deukuet kana iklim buana (kontinén) sedengkeun nalika usum panas mah, iklim di ditu kawas iklim subtropis nu ngandung unsur iklim baseuh/garing tropis. Usum panas mah ilaharna panas jeung beueus, dibarung ku [[angin muson Asia Wétan]] ti Juni tepi ka Séptémber. Sedengkeun kira-kira bulan Agustus mah, nu mangrupa bulan pangpanasna, boga suhu rata-rata {{convert|22.4|to|29.6|C|F|0}} malahan mah bisa jadi leuwih ti éta. Dina usum tiis mah mindeng kacida nyecep tepi ka bekuna kalayan suhu rata-rata dina bulan Januari tepikeun ka {{convert|-5.9|to|1.5|C|F|1}} sarta ilaharna leuwih garing ti batan nalika usum panas, kalayan rata-rata 28 poé saljuan unggal taunna. Kadang-kadang, hawa turun kacida dramatisna tepi ka sahandapeun {{convert|-10.0|C|F|}}, malah bisa nepikeun ka {{convert|-15.0|C|F|}} sanajan arang ogé, nyaéta nalika mangsa tengah usum tiis antara Januari jeung Pébruari.

{{Seoul weatherbox}}

==Distrik administratif==
{{Main|Daptar distrik di Seoul}}
[[File:Flag of Seoul (1946–1996).svg|thumb|right|[[Bandéra]] Seoul (1947–1996)]]
[[File:01-00-seoul-en.svg|thumb|400px|Distrik Seoul]]
Séoul kabagi jadi 25 ''[[Babagian administratif Koréa Kidul#Gu (Distrik)|gu]]'' (구; {{linktext|區}}) (distrik).&lt;ref name=&quot;Administrative Districts&quot;/&gt; ''Gu'' béda-béda legana (ti 10 tepi ka 47&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) katut populasina (ti leuwih saeutik ti 140,000 tepikeun ka 630,000). Songpa boga jumlah warga nu panglobana, sedengkeun Séocho mah wewengkonna panglegana. Pamaréntahan unggal gu nyekel loba fungsi nu dicekel ogé ku pamaréntahan kota di yurisdiksi lianna. Unggal ''gu'' kabagi jadi &quot;''[[Dong (lingkungan)|dong]]''&quot; (동; {{linktext|洞}}) atawa lingkungan. Sababaraha gu ukur boga saeutik dong sedengkeun lianna saperti Distrik Jongno mah jumlah lingkunganana kacida lobana. Gu di Séoul ngawengku 423 dong administratif (행정동).&lt;ref name=&quot;Administrative Districts&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=5 |title=Administrative Districts |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government |accessdate=2014-02-08 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102212612/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=5 |date=2014-01-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Dong'' kabagi deui jadi 13,787 ''tong'' (통; {{linktext|統}}), nu satuluyna kabagi deui jadi 102,796 ''ban''.
{|
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* [[Distrik Dobong]] (도봉구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|道|峰|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Dongdaémun]] (동대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|東|大|門|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Dongjak]] (동작구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|銅|雀|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Eunpyeong]] (은평구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|恩|平|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gangbuk]] (강북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|北|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gangdong]] (강동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|東|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gangnam]] (강남구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|南|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gangseo, Seoul|Distrik Gangseo]] (강서구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|西|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Geumcheon]] (금천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|衿|川|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Guro, Seoul|Distrik Guro]] (구로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|九|老|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gwanak]] (관악구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|冠|岳|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Gwangjin]] (광진구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|廣|津|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Jongno]] (종로구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|鍾|路|區}}}})
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |
* [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]] (중구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Jungnang]] (중랑구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|中|浪|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Mapo]] (마포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|麻|浦|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Nowon]] (노원구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|蘆|原|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Seocho]] (서초구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|瑞|草|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Seodaémun]] (서대문구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|西|大|門|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Seongbuk]] (성북구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|北|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Seongdong]] (성동구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|城|東|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Songpa]] (송파구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|松|坡|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Yangcheon]] (양천구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|陽|川|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]] (영등포구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|永|登|浦|區}}}})
* [[Distrik Yongsan]] (용산구; {{lang|ko|{{linktext|龍|山|區}}}})
|}

==Démografi==

Proper Séoul kasohor ku [[kapadetan populasi]]na, nu ampir dua kalieun [[Kota New York|New York]] sarta dalapan kalieun [[Roma]]. Wewengkon métropolitanana mangrupa nu pangpadetna di Asia taun 2012 dumasar kana [[OECD]], tur kadua di dunya sanggeus [[Paris]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|year=2013|title=Regional population density: Asia and Oceania, 2012: Inhabitants per square kilometre, TL3 regions|journal=OECD Regions at a Glance 2013|publisher=OECD Publishing|doi=10.1787/reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013/regional-population-density-asia-and-oceania-2012_reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|accessdate=2014-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221234115/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-regions-at-a-glance-2013/regional-population-density-asia-and-oceania-2012_reg_glance-2013-graph37-en|archive-date=2014-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ampir sakabéhna warga Séoul nyaéta [[urang Koréa]], kalayan saeutik [[urang Cina]], [[urang Jepang]], katut minoritas [[ékspatriat]]. Dina bulan Désémber 2013, populasina 10.14 yuta,&lt;ref name=&quot;chosunpop&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/14/2014021400795.html|title=Seoul's Population Drops Below 10 Million for First Time in 25 Years|publisher=Chosun Ilbo|accessdate=2014-02-16|date=2014-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; taun 2012, populasina 10,442,426.&lt;ref name=&quot;seoul2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS00/outer_Seoul.jsp?stc_cd=1|title=Seoul Statistics (Population)|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government|accessdate=3 March 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019064405/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS00/outer_Seoul.jsp?stc_cd=1 |date=19 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahir Juni 2011, 10.29 yuta warga Républik Koréa cicing di ieu kota. Turun .24% dbandingkeun ahir 2010. Populasi Séoul terus turun ti awal 1990-an, sabab cicing di Séoul mah mahal, katambah ku ngolotanana populasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;chosunpop&quot; /&gt;

Jumlah urang asing nu nganjrek di Séoul nyaéta 255,501 urang dina taun 2010 dumasar kana sumber resmi Séoul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news   |last=Park  |first=Chung-a  |title=Foreign population in Seoul continue to dwindle  |publisher=Korea Times  |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/07/113_66455.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina bulan Juni 2011, 281,780 urang deungeun nganjrek di Séoul. Di antara eta, 186,631 urang deungeun (66%) mangrupa warga [[urang Cina]] ti karuhun urang Koréa. Naek 8.84% ti ahir 2010 jeung 12.85% ti Juni 2010. Kelompok panggedéna deui nyaéta warga Cina nu lain suku Koréa; 29,901 di antarana cicing di Séoul. Kelompok panggedéna deui nyaéta 9,999 urang warga Amérika Sarikat nu lain turunan Koréa. Satuluyna nyaéta warga Républik Cina (Taiwan), 8,717 urang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/09/117_94610.html|title= Korean Chinese account for nearly 70% of foreigners in Seoul|publisher= ''[[The Korea Times]]''|date=September 11, 2011|accessdate=2014-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Ageman===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Ageman di Seoul (2005)&lt;ref name=&quot;2005religionmap&quot;&gt;[http://www.sisapress.com/news/photo/200610/41926_37953_1632.jpg 2005 Census – Religion Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904074206/http://www.sisapress.com/news/photo/200610/41926_37953_1632.jpg |date=2015-09-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|label1 = Teu boga ageman
|value1 = 46.2
|color1 = Gray
|label2 = [[Protestan]]
|value2 = 22.8
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = [[Buda]]
|value3 = 16.8
|color3 = Gold
|label4 = [[Katolik]]
|value4 = 14.2
|color4 = DarkOrchid
}}
Dua ageman utama di Séoul nyaéta [[Kristen di Koréa|Kristen]] jeung [[Buda di Koréa|Buda]]. Ageman lianna kaasup [[Muisme]] (ageman karuhun) katut [[Konghucu]]. Séoul mangrupa tempat jama'ah Kristen panggedéna di dunya, [[Yoido Full Gospel Church]], nu boga anggahota kira-kira 830,000 urang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21532340|title=South Korean mega-churches. For God and country|publisher=Economist|accessdate=2014-02-11|date=2011-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dumasar kana sénsus taun 2005, tina sakabéh urang Séoul, 39% ngagem [[Kristen]] (22.8% [[Protéstan]] jeung 14.2% [[Garéja Katolik|Katolik]]) jeung 16.8% ngagem [[Buda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2005religionmap&quot;/&gt; 46.2% tina ieu populasi lolobanaana henteu boga ageman atawa ngagem Muisme jeung ageman asli lianna.

==Ékonomi==
[[File:Lotte World.jpg|right|thumbnail|Taman jero wangunan katut mall pangbalanjaan [[Lotte World]]]]
{{See also|Ékonomi Koréa Kidul}}
Séoul mangrupa puseur bisnis katut kauangan di Koréa Kidul. Sanajan legana ukur 0.6 persén tina sakabéh wewengkon daratan nasional, Séoul ngahasilkeun 21 persén tina GDP ieu nagara taun 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2006|url=http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp|title=Welcome to KTC|publisher=Lmg.go.kr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116120403/http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp|archivedate=2013-01-16|accessdate=2015-04-17}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227175321/http://www.lmg.go.kr/2006iaescsi/generalinfo/seoul.asp |date=2011-02-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taun 2008, indéks [[Worldwide Centers of Commerce]] ngaréngking Séoul minangka No.9.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf|title=Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index™|publisher=[[MasterCard]]|accessdate=2014-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Global Financial Centres Index]] taun 2012 ngadaptar Séoul minangka kota pangkompetitifna ka-6 sadunya sacara finansial.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2012.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 12|publisher=Z/Yen Group|year=2012|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323125707/http://www.zyen.com/PDF/GFCI%2012.pdf |date=2014-03-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] ngaréngking Séoul minangka nu ka-15 dina daptar &quot;Overall 2025 City Competitiveness&quot; ngeunaan daya saing kota ka hareupna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/hotspots2025.pdf|title=Hot Spots 2025: Benchmarking the Future Competitiveness of Cities|publisher=[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]]|year=2013|accessdate=2014-02-13}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109040339/http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/hotspots2025.pdf |date=2014-01-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Pabrik===
[[File:Gangnam, Seoul, Korea.jpg|left|thumbnail|Kantor puseur Samsung di [[Stasion Gangnam]]]]
Industi pabrik nu tradisional jeung intensif maké karyawan geus sacara tuluy tumuluy diganti ku industri tipeu [[téhnologi informasi]], [[éléktronis]] jeung ''assembly'',&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-economy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/534948/Seoul/24016/City-layout#toc24019|title=Seoul: Economy|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2014-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0i.htm|title=The primacy of Seoul and the capital region|publisher=United Nations University|accessdate=2014-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104072715/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0i.htm|archivedate=2014-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; tapi, produksi dahareun jeung inuman mah, kawas percitakan katut penerbitan masih nyésa di antara industri inti.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-economy&quot; /&gt; Pabrik nu garedé mah kantor puseurna aya di ieu kota, kayaning [[Samsung]], [[LG]], [[Hyundai]], [[Kia Motors|Kia]] katut [[SK Group|SK]]. Pausahaan dahareun jeung inuman nu kasohor kaasup [[Jinro]], nu nyieun inuman alkoholan [[soju]] nu sumebar ka sakuliah dunya, geus ngéléhkeun [[vodka]] [[Smirnoff]];&lt;ref name=&quot;bestselling&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/drink/soju-most-sold-drink-world-930177|title=It's official: Jinro soju is the world's best-selling liquor|date=2012-06-12|publisher=CNN Travel|accessdate=2013-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; pabrik bir panglobana ngajual [[Hite Brewery|Hite]] (ngahiji jeung Jinro) jeung [[Oriental Brewery]].&lt;ref name=economist&gt;{{cite news|title=Fiery food, boring beer|url=http://www.economist.com/news/business/21567120-dull-duopoly-crushes-microbrewers-fiery-food-boring-beer|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2013-04-24|date=2012-11-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu kota ogé mangrupa tempatna raksasa dahareun saperti [[Seoul Milk|Seoul Dairy Cooperative]], [[Grup Nongshim]] katut [[Lotté (konglomerat)|Lotté]].

===Kauangan===

Konséntrasi gegedéan pausahaan-pausahaan internasional kantor puseurna aya di Séoul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/cities/ |title=Global : Cities |publisher=CNN }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529093252/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2008/cities/ |date=2010-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Korea Exchange Bank]] ogé kantor puseurna aya di ieu kota. lolobana kantor puseur bank katut [[Korea Exchange]] perenahna di [[Yeouido]] (Pulo Yéoui),&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-economy&quot; /&gt; nu mindeng disebut &quot;[[Wall Street]] Koréa&quot; tur geus midang minangka puseur finansial ieu kota ti taun 1980-an.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2914830|title=Neon shines brightly during the bustle on Yeouido stock street|publisher=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=2010-01-05|accessdate=2014-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517161814/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2914830|archivedate=2014-05-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Balanja===
{{Main|Balanja di Seoul}}

Pasar grosir katut écéran panggedéna di Koréa Kidul, nyaéta [[Pasar Dongdaémun]], perenahna di Séoul.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;art_id=662&amp;lang=en&amp;m=0003001005007&amp;p=03|title=Dongdaemun Market|publisher=Visit Seoul|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222025740/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;art_id=662&amp;lang=en&amp;m=0003001005007&amp;p=03 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Myeongdong]] nyaéta wewengkon pangbalanjaan katut hiburan di puseur dayeuh Séoul kalayan toko kelas panengah tepi ka kelas luhur, butik pakéan katut ''outlét'' mérek internasional.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264312|title=Myeong-dong|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215191420/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264312 |date=2014-02-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pasar Namdaémun]] deukeuteunana, nu dingaranan dumasar kana [[Gapura Namdaémun]], mangrupa pasar pangkolotna di Séoul nu kiwari masih dipaké.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;p=02&amp;art_id=673|title=Namdaemun Market|publisher=Visit Seoul|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222021157/https://www.visitseoul.net/en/m/article/article.do?_method=view&amp;p=02&amp;art_id=673 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sinchon-dong, Seoul|Sinchon]] nyaéta wewengkon pangbalanjaan nu disadiakeun keur nonoman katut mahasiswa universitas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=256043|title=Sinchon Street, full of energy|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133248/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=256043 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Insadong]] mah mangrupa pasar seni budaya di Séoul, tempat di mana karya seni Koréa tradisional katut modéren, saperti lukisan, ukiran katut kaligrafi dijual.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/SH_EN_7_2_2_1.jsp|title=Insa-dong|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-11}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116073234/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/SH_EN_7_2_2_1.jsp |date=2014-01-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pasar loak Hwanghak-dong]] katut Pasar antik Janganpyéong ogé nawarkeun barang antik.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_2_4.jsp?gotoPage=&amp;category=&amp;areaCode=&amp;recommCid=257325&amp;cid=273747|title=Hwanghak-dong Flea Market|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135206/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_2_4.jsp?gotoPage=&amp;category=&amp;areaCode=&amp;recommCid=257325&amp;cid=273747 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/cav/shop/antique.php|title=Antique Markets|publisher=Seoul Matropolitan Government|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008074320/http://english.seoul.go.kr/cav/shop/antique.php |date=2010-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sababaraha toko keur parancang lokal geus dibuka di [[Samcheong-dong]], tempat perenahna sababaraha galeri seni laleutik. [[Itaéwon]] utamana sadia keur turis deungeun katut soldadu Amérika nu boga basis di ieu dayeuh.&lt;ref name=&quot;KT Itaewon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/02/203_130484.html|title=Itaewon: Going Gangnam Style?|publisher=The Korea Times|date=2013-02-14|accessdate=2014-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Distrik Gangnam]] mangrupa wewengkon pangmakmurna di Séoul&lt;ref name=&quot;KT Itaewon&quot; /&gt; tur kasohor ku wewengkon [[Apgujeong-dong]] katut [[Cheongdam-dong]] sarta [[COEX Mall]] nu modéren. Pasar grosir di antarana [[Pasar Grosir Lauk Noryangjin]] katut [[Pasar Garak]]. [[Pasar Éléktronik Yongsan]] mangrupa pasar éléktronik panggedéna di Asia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_touringseoul_detail.htm?lang=e&amp;current_page&amp;No=24205|title=Yongsan Electronics Market, Asia’s largest IT shopping mall|publisher=[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS World]]|date=2011-03-01|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221060206/http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_touringseoul_detail.htm?lang=e&amp;current_page&amp;No=24205 |date=2014-02-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Times Square (Seoul)|Times Square]] mangrupa salah sahiji mall pangbalanjaan panggedéna nu ngagulkeun [[CJ CGV|Starium CGV]], layar bioskop permanén panggedéna di dunya, [[film 35mm|35 mm]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-4000/largest-permanent-35mm-cinema-screen |title=Largest Permanent 35mm Cinema Screen |publisher=Guinnessworldrecords.com |date=2009-08-18 |accessdate=2013-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Arsitéktur==
{{See also|Arsitéktur Koréa Kidul}}
{{wide image|Seoul Panorama from Namhansanseong..jpg|1600px|&lt;center&gt;Panorama Seoul ti Namhansanseong&lt;/center&gt;}}
[[File:Namdaemun Buildings.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sungnyémun]]]]
Jajantung tradisional Séoul nyaéta dayeuh kolot [[Dinasti Joseon]], nu kiwari jadi wewengkon puseur karaméan, nu mana di éta wewengkon ngumpul karaton, kantor pamaréntahan, kantor puseur pausahaan, hotél, katut pasar tradisional. [[Cheonggyécheon]], wahangan nu ngamalir ti kulon ka wétan ngaliwatan léngkob saméméh tuluy ngamuhara ka [[Walungan Han (Koréa)|Walungan Han]], keur sababaraha taun mah katutupan ku beton, tapi ahirna dibalikkeun deui ngaliwatan proyék kabangkitan kota taun 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=85750|title=Seoul’s Cheonggyecheon Stream symbolizes Korea’s past, present and tomorrow|publisher=Korea.net|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222142757/http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=85750 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jalan [[Jongno]], nu hartina &quot;Jalan Loncéng,&quot; geus mangrupa hiji jalan utama tur salah sahiji jalan komérsil pangbiharina di ieu dayeuh,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.hu/books?id=M8Xj7pHu1jEC|title=The Emerging Asian City: Concomitant Urbanities and Urbanisms|editor=Vinayak Bharne |page=59|publisher=Routledge|year= 2013|isbn=9780415525978}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/06/137_68203.html|title=Jongno walk|date=2010-06-24 |publisher=The Korea Times|author=Andrei Lankov |accessdate=2014-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; nu mana di dinya bisa kapanggih [[Bosingak]], hiji paviliun nu eusina loncéng gedé. Éta loncéng nyirénan wanci nu béda-béda sapanjang poé tur ngaadalikeun opat gapura ka ieu dayeuh. Di béh kaléreun puseur karaméan aya [[Gunung Bukhan]], tur di kiduleunana aya [[Namsan (Seoul)|Namsan]] nu leuwih leutik. Tuluy ka béh kidul aya pipir dayeuh nu geus kolot, nyaéta [[Distrik Yongsan]] jeung [[Distrik Mapo]]. Sapanjang Walungan Han aya wewengkon nu leuwih anyar jeung makmur nyaéta [[Distrik Gangnam]], [[Distrik Seocho]] katut wewengkon sabudeureunana.

===Arsitéktur dumasar sajarah===
[[File:Gyeongbok-gung palace-05 (xndr).jpg|left|thumb|[[Gyeongbokgung]]]]
[[File:Changdeokgung-Injeongjeon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Changdeokgung]], salah sahiji tina lima karaton di Koréa, nyaéta hiji [[Loka Warisan Dunya]] [[UNESCO]].]]
Séoul mibanda sababaraha tempat penting sacara sajarah katut budaya. Di [[Amsa-dong|Loka Pamukiman Prasajarah Amsa-dong]], [[Distrik Gangdong]], sésa-sésa néolitikum kakali jeung teu kahaja katimu alatan banjir taun 1925.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264111 |title=Amsa-dong Prehistoric Settlement Site |publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]] |accessdate=2014-02-12 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135311/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264111 |date=2014-02-22 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Perencanaan urban jeung sipil mangrupa konsép utama nalika Séoul mimiti dirarancang keur ngajadi ibu kota dina ahir abad ka-14. [[Dinasti Joseon]] ngawangun &quot;Lima Karaton Agung&quot; di Séoul – [[Changdeokgung]], [[Changgyeonggung]], [[Deoksugung]], [[Gyeongbokgung]] katut [[Gyeonghuigung]] – sakabéhna aya di [[Distrik Jongno]] jeung [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]]. Di antara sakabéh éta, Changdéokgung asup kana Daptar [[Warisan Dunya]] UNESCO taun 1997 minangka &quot;conto rarancang arsitéktur karaton katut taman di Wétan Jauh nu pinunjul&quot;. Karaton utama mah, nyaéta [[Gyeongbokgung]], keur ngalaman proyék réstorasi gegedéan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.royalpalace.go.kr/html/eng/data/data_01.jsp?dep1=2&amp;dep2=1|title=About the Palace|publisher=Gyeongbokgung Palace|accessdate=2014-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu karaton-karaton téh dianggap arsitéktur percontoan tina mangsa Joséon. Di sagédéngeun karaton, [[Unhyeongung]] kasohor minangka tempat cicingna Bupati [[Daéwongun]], bapana [[Kaisar Gojong]] dina ahir Dinasti Joséon.

[[File:Deoksugung-02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Deoksugung]] nalika usum gugur]]
Séoul dikurilingan ku pinding nu diwangun keur ngatur singsaha waé nu baris nganjang ti wewengkon séjén sarta pikeun ngajaga dayeuh tina serangan musuh. [[Pungnap Toseong]] mangrupa hiji pinding taneuh rata nu diwangun dina juru Walungan Han nu dipercaya ku balaréa minangka mandalana [[Wiryéseong]]. Ari [[Mongchontoseong|Mongchon Toseong]] (몽촌토성; 蒙村土城) mah nyaéta pinding taneuh liana nu diwangun nalika mangsa [[Baékjé]] nu kiwari perenahna di sajeroeun [[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade]].&lt;ref name=&quot;toseong&quot; /&gt; [[Bénténg Seoul]] diwangun dina mangsa Dinasti Joséon munggaran keur ngajaga ieu dayeuh. Sanggeus sababaraha abad ruksak jeung diwangun deui, kiwari nyésa kurang leuwih 2/3-na, kaasup genep tina [[Dalapan Gapura di Seoul|dalapan gapura]] nu asli. Gapura-gapura ieu kaasup [[Sungnyémun]] jeung [[Heunginjimun]], nu kiwari ilaharna disebut Namdaémun (Gapura Gedé Kidul) jeung Dongdaémun (Gapura Gedé Wétan). Namdaémun mangrupa gapura kai pangkolotna tepikeun ka kajadian aya nu ngaduruk taun 2008, tur kiwari dibuka deui sanggeu réstorasina réngsé taun 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Sungnyemun to open to great fanfare after more than five years of renovation|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130430000738|accessdate=1 May 2013|publisher=The Korea Herald|date=30 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di deukeuteun ieu gapura aya pasar tradisional katut puseur pangbalanjaan panggedéna, [[Pasar Namdaémun]] jeung [[Pasar Dongdaémun]].

Aya ogé loba wangunan nu dijieun kalayan gaya mancanagara dina ahir abad ka-19, awal abad ka-20. [[Gapura Kamerdikaan]] diwangun taun 1897 keur méré ilham ngeunaan pentingna boga sumanget kamerdikaan. [[Stasion Seoul]] dibuka taun 1900 minangka Stasion Gyéongséong.

===Arsitektur moderen===
[[File:Lotte World Tower under construction on January 2015.png|thumb|right|[[Mall Lotte World]] dibuka taun 2014 kalayan bioskop panggedéna&lt;ref name=&quot;guinnessworldrecords.com&quot;/&gt; katut [[Munara Lotte World]] [[superluhur]] 123 lantéy nu baris dibuka taun 2016 kalayan galadak observasi pangluhurna sadunya.]]
Mangrupa-rupa [[wangunan kantor]] katut wangunan panyicingan nu laluhur, saperti Gangnam Finance Center, [[Tower Palace]], [[N Seoul Tower]] katut [[Jongno|Jongno Tower]], ngadominasi langit ieu dayeuh. Saruntuyan wangunan luhur anyar keur diwangun, kaasup [[Munara Lotte World]], nu direncanakeun baris réngsé taun 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/18/seoul-helicopter-crash-raises-fears-over-new-skyscraper/|title=Seoul Helicopter Crash Raises Fears Over New Skyscraper|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=2014-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bulan Fébruari 2014 mah, [[Daptar wangunan pangluhurna di Seoul|wangunan pangluhurna di ieu kota]] téh nyaéta [[Three International Finance Center]] nu luhurna 279m.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-seoul-southkorea|title=Seoul's tallest buildings – Top 20|publisher=Emporis|accessdate=2014-02-12}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134717/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings-seoul-southkorea |date=2013-10-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[World Trade Center Seoul]], nu perenahna di [[Distrik Gangnam]], mangrupa tuan rumah sababaraha paméran katut konférénsi. Di Distrik Gangnam aya ogé [[COEX Mall]], nu mangrupa komplék pangbalanjaan katut hiburan di jero rohangan nu kacida gedéna. Ka hilirkeun ti Distrik Gangnam aya [[Yeouido]], hiji pulo nu jadi tempat Déwan Nasional, studio siaran gedé, katut sajumlah gedé wangunan kantor gedé, kayaning Koréa Finance Building katut [[Garéja Yoido Full Gospel]]. [[Stadion Olimpiade (Seoul)|Stadion Olompiade]], [[Taman Olompiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade]], katut [[Lotte World]] perenahna di [[Distrik Songpa]], di sisi béh kidul Walunga Han, naék ti Distrik  Gangnam. Dua cicirén modéren Séoul nu anyar nyaéta [[Dongdaemun Design Plaza &amp; Park]], nu dirancang ku [[Zaha Hadid]], katut [[Balé Kota Seoul]], ku [[Yoo Kerl]] ti [[iArc]].

Dina taun 2010 Séoul ditunjuk jadi [[Ibu kota Disain Dunya]] keur taun harita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-02-27/the-seoul-of-world-designbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice|title=The Seoul of World Design|date=2008-02-27|accessdate=2014-02-12|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814070328/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-02-27/the-seoul-of-world-designbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |date=2012-08-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Budaya==

===Téhnologi===

Séoul boga [[infrastruktur]] nu maju sacara téhnologi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697|title=KOREA: Future is now for Korean info-tech|publisher=Regents of the University of California|work=AsiaMedia|date=14 June 2005}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213160036/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=25697 |date=13 February 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/technology/tech-capitals-of-the-world/2007/06/16/1181414598292.html |title=Tech capitals of the world – Technology |work=The Age |date= 18 June 2007|location=Melbourne, Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boga pénétrasi [[pita lega]] [[serat kaca]] pangluhurna sadunya, nu ngahasilkeun konéksi internét panggancangna sadunya tepi ka 1 [[Gbps]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/about/fact.php |title=Hi Seoul, SOUL OF ASIA – Seoul Located In the Center of Asian Metropolises |publisher=English.seoul.go.kr |date= |accessdate=2013-08-07 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813063824/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/about/fact.php |date=2013-08-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/technology/22iht-broadband22.html | work=The New York Times | first=Mark | last=McDonald | title=South Korea Seeks Internet Speed of 1 Gigabit a Second | date=2011-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Séoul nyadiakeun aksés [[Wi-Fi]] gratis di luar rohangan. Proyék 47.7&amp;nbsp;miliar won ($44&amp;nbsp;yuta) ieu baris méré aksés keur warga katut nu ngaranjang di 10.430 taman, jalan katut patempatan publik lianna taun 2015.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110615/bs_afp/skoreainternettelecom Wifi in All Public Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623182554/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110615/bs_afp/skoreainternettelecom |date=2011-06-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Musieum===
{{Main|Daptar musieum di Seoul}}
[[File:National Museum of Korea (4).jpg|thumb|[[Musieum Nasional Koréa]]]]

Di Séoul aya 115 musieum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=401&amp;lang=eng|title=Status of Museum|accessdate=2014-09-18|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911123740/http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp2/Octagon/jsp/WWS7/WWSDS7100.jsp?stc_cd=401&amp;lang=eng |date=2014-09-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; kaasup di antarana tilu musieum nasional katut salapan musieum kota. [[Musieum Nasional Koréa]] mangrupa musieum nu henteu ukur ngawakilan Séoul, tapi ogé ngawakilan sakabéh [[Koréa Kidul]]. Ti saprak ngadeg taun 1945, ieu musieum geus ngawangun koléksi mangrupa 220,000 artefak.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516|title=Seoul's best museums|date=2011-10-27|publisher=[[CNN]]|accessdate=2013-06-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916014140/http://travel.cnn.com/seoul/play/seouls-best-museums-060516 |date=2014-09-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina Oktober 2005, ieu musieum pindah ka wangunan anyar di Taman Kulawarga Yongsan. [[National Folk Museum of Korea|National Folk Museum]] perenahna di dadasar [[Karaton]] [[Gyeongbokgung]] di Distrik Jongno District tur maké réplika obyék sajarah pikeun ngilustrasikeun sajarah bangsa Koréa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268152|title=National Folk Museum of Korea|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716225730/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268152 |date=2014-07-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bukchon Hanok Village]] jeung [[Namsangol Hanok Village]] mangrupa wewengkon panganjrekan heubeul nu ngandung imah, taman katut musieum tradisional Koréa [[hanok]] nu méré kasempetan keur turis pikeun ngarasakeun budaya Koréa tradisional.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264116|title=Namsangol Hanok Village|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012013656/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=264116 |date=2014-10-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=561382|title=Bukchon Hanok Village|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915192817/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=561382 |date=2014-09-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tugu Perang (Seoul)|Tugu Perang]], salah sahiji tina salapan musieum kota di Séoul, nawarkeun pangalaman édukasional katut émosional ka nu nganjanganana, ngeunaan rupa-rupa perang nu ngalibetkeun Koréa, kaasup jejer [[Perang Koréa]] themes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://content.time.com/time/travel/cityguide/article/0,31489,1848378_1848364_1848280,00.html|title=Seoul: 10 Things to Do|publisher=[[Time magazine]]|accessdate=2014-09-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268131|title=The War Memorial of Korea|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214214704/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268131 |date=2015-02-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pangbuian Seodaémun]] mangrupa hiji urut pangbuian nu diwangun salila penjajahan Jepang, tur kiwari dipaké keur musieum sajarah&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268143|title=Seodaemun Prison History Museum|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|accessdate=2014-09-18}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604201044/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=268143 |date=2014-06-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Folk Museum of Korea.jpg|left|thumb|[[Musieum Rahayat Nasional Koréa]].]]
[[Musieum Seni Seoul]] katut [[Musieum Seni Ilmin]] ngajaga rupa wangunan heubeul nu unik sacara visual tina wangunan luhur tur modéren di sabudeureunana. Saméméhna dioperasikeun ku Déwan Kota Séoul tur boga tempat deukeuteun Karaton Gyéonghuigung, karaton karajaan dinasti Joséon. Keur lolobana jalma nu mikaresep pilem Koréa mah, [[Arsip Pilem Koréa]] ngayakeun Musieum Pilem Koréa jeung Cinematheque KOFA di puseur utamana di [[Digital Media City]](DMC), Sangam-dong. [[Tteok &amp; Kitchen Utensil Museum]] jeung [[Kimchi Field Museum]] nyadiakeun informasi nu patali jeung sajarah kulinér Koréa.

===Monumén ageman===
[[File:Myeongdongchurch.jpg|thumb|[[Katedral Myeongdong]]]]
[[File:Jongmyo-Jeongjeon.jpg|left|thumb|[[Kuil Jongmyo]], salah sahiji [[Loka Warisan Dunya UNESCO]].]]
Aya ogé wangunan rélijius nu boga pancén penting dina masarakat katut pulitik Koréa. Altar [[Wongudan]] mangrupa tempat upacara nalika para pamingpin Koréa ngayakeun ritual kasawargaan ti saprak jaman Tilu Karajaan. Ti saprak [[Dinasti Joseon]] maké [[Konghucu]] minangka idiologi nasional dina abad ka-14, ieu nagara ngawangun loba kelenténg Konghucu. Katurunan kulawarga karajaan Joséon masih neruskeun tradisi dina ngayakeun sérémoni pikeun miéling para karuhun di [[Jongmyo]]. Ieu tempat mangrupa kuil Konghucu karajaan pangkolotna nu jadi cagar tur sérémoni ritualna nuluykeun tradisi nu dijieun dina abad ka-14. [[Munmyo]] katut [[Dongmyo]] diwangun dina mangsa nu sarua. Sok sanajan Buda didedetkeun ku pamaréntahan Joséon, ieu ageman tetep aya. [[Jogyésa]] mangrupa markas gedé [[Ordo Jogyé]] [[Buda Koréa]]. Hwagyésa katut [[Bongeunsa]] ogé mangrupa [[Daptar candi Buda di Seoul|candi Buda di Seoul]] nu gedé.

[[Katedral Myeongdong]] mangrupa cicirén [[Myeongdong]], [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Distrik Jung]] tur mangrupa garéja Katolik panggedéna nu diwangun taun 1883. Ieu garéja mangrupa lambang Katolik di Koréa. Ogé mangrupa fokus béda pamadegan pulitik taun 1980-an. Dina ieu hal, Garéja Katolik Roma kacida boga pangaruhna ka masarakat Koréa.

Loba ogé garéja Protéstan di Séoul. Nu panglobana mah [[Présbisterian]], tapi loba ogé garéja [[Métodis]], [[Baptis]], katut [[Lutheran]]. [[Garéja Yoido Full Gospel]] mangrupa garéja  [[Pantékosta]] nu patali jeung [[Majlis Pangéran]] di [[Yeouido]] di Séoul. Kalayan kurang leuwih 830.000 anggahota (2007), ieu téh mangrupa jamaah Kristen Pantékosta panglobana di dunya, nu geus kacatet dina [[Guinness Book of World Records]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

===Féstival===
Dina bulan Oktober 2012 [[KBS Hall]] di Séoul jadi tuan rumah féstival musik internasional rongkah&amp;nbsp;– [[Féstival Lagu ABU 2012|Féstival Lagu TV katut Radio ABU]] munggaran dina raraga Majlis Umum [[Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union]] ka-49 General Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ABU TV and Radio Song Festivals 2012|url=http://esckaz.com/2012/abu.htm|publisher=ESCKAZ.com|accessdate=17 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410022318/http://esckaz.com/2012/abu.htm|archivedate=10 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ABU GA Seoul 2012|url=http://www.abu2012seoul.com/|publisher=Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union|accessdate=17 August 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303011118/http://www.abu2012seoul.com/ |date=3 March 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Hi! Seoul Festival]] mangrupa hiji féstival budaya uusuman nu diayakeun opat kali sataun nalika usum semi, usum panas, usum gugur, katut usum tiis di Séoul, [[Koréa Kidul]] ti taun 2003. Ieu féstival dumasar kana &quot;Poé Warga Seoul&quot; nu diayakeun unggal Oktober ti saprak taun 1994 pikeun miéling sajarah 600 taun Séoul minangka ibu kota nagara. Ieu féstival diayakeun ku [[Pamaréntah Métropolitan Seoul]]. Taun 2012, Séoul geus jadi tuan rumah [[Ultra Music Festival]] Koréa, nyaéta féstival musik jeung ibing nu diayakeun dina ahir minggu ka-2 bulan Juni.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.umfkorea.com/&lt;/ref&gt;

===Taman===
{{further|Daptar taman di Seoul}}

[[Namsan (Seoul)|Taman Namsan]] bisa dipaké keur ''hiking'', rékréasi katut ''skyline'' keur ningali pemandangan tengah kota Séoul. [[Munara Seoul N]] perenahna di dieu. [[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul|Taman Olimpiade Seoul]] perenahna di [[Distrik Songpa]] tur diwangung keur tempat Olimpiade Usum Panas taun 1988. Pagoda 10 tingkat [[Pagoda Wongaksa|Wongaksa]] perenahna di [[Taman Tapgol]], hiji taman publik nu legana {{convert|19599|m²|0|abbr=on}}. Wewengkon sabudeureun wahangan disadiakeun minangka tempat publik keur rélaksasi jeung rékréasi. Wahangan [[Tancheon]] katut wewengkon deukeuteunana dsadiakeun minangka taman nu lega kalayan lajur keur nu laleumpang katut nu sasarapédahan.
[[Cheonggyecheon]], hiji wahangan nu panjangna {{convert|6|km|0|abbr=on}} ngaliwatan tengah kota Séoul, kasohor keur warga Séoul katut turis.
[[File:Seoul-Olympic.Park-01.jpg|left|thumb|[[Taman Olimpiade, Seoul]].]]
[[Wewengkon métropolitan]] Séoul ngawengku genep taman gedé, kaasup [[Leuweung Seoul]], nu dibuka dina panengah taun 2005. [[Wewengkon Ibu kota Nasional Seoul]] ogé boga [[beubeur héjo]] nu ditujukeun keur nyegah kota tina ''[[Urban sprawl|sprawling]]'' kaluar ka [[Babagian administratif Koréa Kidul|Propinsi]] [[Gyeonggi-do|Gyeonggi]] deukeuteunana. Ieu wewengkon mindeng ditéangan ku jalma nu hayang lumpat tina kahirupan urban dina ahir minggu jeung nalika peré.

Séoul ogé mangrupa tempat [[taman hiburan]] jero rohangan panggedéna sadunya, [[Lotte World]]. Puseur pelesir lianna nyaéta stadion Olimpiade jeung [[Stadion Piala Dunya Seoul|Piala Dunya]] katut alun-alun [[balé kota]].

==Olahraga==
[[File:Seoul.Olympic.Stadium.01 copy.jpg|thumb|[[Stadion Olimpiade Seoul]].]]

===Kompetisi internasional===

Séoul jadi tuan rumah [[Asian Games 1986]] jeung [[Asian Games 2014|2014]], ilaharna katelah [[Asian Games|Asiad]], [[Olimiape Usum Panas 1988|Olimpiade 1988]], jeung [[1988 Summer Paralympics|Paralympic Games]]. Jadi tuan rumah ogé keur [[Piala Dunya FIFA 2002]]. [[Stadion Piala Dunya Seoul]] jadi tempat pembukaan sarta tanding munggaran.

[[Taékwondo]] mangrupa olah raga nasional Koréa sarta Séoul mangrupa tempat [[Kukkiwon]], markas besar dunya taékwondo, jeung [[Federasi Taékwondo Dunya]].

===Kleub olah raga doméstik===

====Maén bal====
{{Main|Maén bal di Seoul}}
Kleub maén bal pangkasohorna di Séoul nyaéta [[FC Seoul]]. Ieu kleub mangrupa salah sahiji kleub maén bal panghasilna di Asia.&lt;br /&gt; Recently, FC Séoul jadi ''runner-up'' dina [[Liga Champion AFC 2013]].
* '''Maén bal lalaki'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tingkat
! Liga
! Kleub
! Stadion
! Catetan
|-
| Pangluhurna
|[[K League Classic]]
|[[FC Seoul]]
|[[Seoul World Cup Stadium]] (Séoul Kalér)
|
|-
| Ka-2
|[[K League Challenge]]
|[[Seoul E-Land FC]]
|[[Olympic Stadium (Seoul)|Seoul Olympic Stadium]] (Séoul Kidul)
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| Ka-4
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[K3 League]]
|[[Seoul United FC|Seoul United]]
|[[Madeul Stadium]]
|
|-
|[[Seoul FC Martyrs]]
|Gangbuk Public Stadium
|
|-
|[[Jungnang Chorus Mustang FC|Jungnang Chorus Mustang]]
|Jungnang Public Ground
|
|}
* '''Maén bal wanoja'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Tingkat
! Liga
! Kleub
! Stadion
| Catetan
|-
| Top
|[[WK-League]]
|[[Seoul Metropolitan Government WFC]]
|[[Hyochang Stadium]], [[Seoul Olympic Stadium|Seoul Olympic Auxiliary Stadium]]
|
|-
|}

====Baseball====
Séoul boga tilu kleub baseball profésional dina cekelan [[Korean Baseball Organization|KBO]]: Salah sahiji kleub pangkolotna, [[Doosan Bears]], [[LG Twins]] katut [[Nexen Heroes]].

====Basketball====
* [[Seoul SK Knights]] jeung [[Seoul Samsung Thunders]].

==Transportasi==
{{Main|Transportasi di Seoul}}

Séoul mangrupa salah sahiji dayeuh nu infrastruktur transportasina pangmajuna sadunya nu terus kénéh dimekarkeun. Sistemna dimimitian ti mangsa [[Kamaharajaan Koréa]], nalika réngséna jalur trém munggaran katut jalan raya nu ngahubungkeun Séoul jeung Inchéon. Jalur trém pangpentingna di Séoul sapanjang Jongno diganti ku Jalur 1 sistem subway dina awal 1970-an. Jalan penting lianna di puseur karaméan Séoul kaasup [[Euljiro]], [[Téhéranno]], [[Séjongno]], [[Chungmuro]], Yulgongno, katut Toegyéro. Aya salapan jalur subway gedé nu manjang leuwih ti {{convert|250|km|0|abbr=on}}, kalayan sajalur tambahan deui nu geus dirarancang. Taun 2010, 25% populasina boga wanci  pulang anting sajam atawa leuwih.

===Beus===
{{Main|Beus Seoul}}
[[File:Seoul Buses.png|right|thumb|Beus Seoul]]
Sistem beus di Séoul dijalankeun ku Pamaréntah Métropolitan Séoul, kalayan opat konfigurasi beus primér énu sayaga keur ngaladénan lolobana tempat di ieu dayeuh. Séoul boga loba terminal antar kota atawa beus gancang nu galedé. Ieu beus ngahubungkeun Séoul jeung kota-kota di Koréa Kidul. Séoul Express Bus Terminal, Central City Terminal katut Terminal Nambu Séoul perenahna di [[Distrik Seocho]]. Minangka tambahan, Terminal Beus Séoul Wétan di [[Distrik Gwangjin]] katut Sangbong Terminal Sangbong di [[Distrik Jungnang]] dioperasikeun di béh wétan kota. Pikeun ngurangan polusi udara di wewengkon métropolitan, pamaréntah kota boga rencana pikeun ngarobah leuwih ti tujuh rébu beus nu maké mesin disel ka gas alam taun 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v3/news_lite.php?id=337462 &quot;Seoul More Enjoyable For a Day&quot;]. Retrieved 30 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Subway===
[[File:Yongsansta09.jpg|thumb|[[Stasion Yongsan]]]]
{{Main|Subway Métropolitan Seoul}}
Séoul boga jajaring subway nu kompréhénsif nu ngahubungkeun unggal distrik di ieu dayeuh katut wewengkon sabudeureunana. Kalayan leuwih ti 8 yuta panumpang unggal poéna, Séoul boga [[Sistem métro dumasar kana perjalanan panumpang unggal tauna|sistem subway pangsibukna sadunya]]. Subway Métropolitan Séoul sakabéhna boga 19 jalur nu ngaladénan Séoul, Inchéon, propinsi Gyéonggi, propinsi Gangwon béh kulon, katut propinsi Chungnam béh kalér. Minangka tambahan, pikeun nyaluyukeun mangrupa-rupa moda transportasi, pamaréntah métropolitan Séoul ngagawékeun sababaraha urang ahli matématika pikeun ngoordinasikeun subway, beus, katut jadwal lalu lintas jadi tabél wanci. Sababaraha jalur dijalankeun ku [[Korail]], [[Seoul Metro]], [[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]], [[NeoTrans Co. Ltd.]], [[AREX]], katut Séoul Metro Line 9 Corporation.

===Karéta api===
[[File:KTX-Sancheon.jpg|thumb|[[KTX Sancheon]]]]
Séoul kasambungkeun ka unggal kota gedé di Koréa ku karéta. Séoul ogé kasambungkeun ka lolobana kota gedé di Koréa ku karéta gancang [[Korea Train Express|KTX]], nu gancang normalna leuwih ti {{convert|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Stasion karéta gedé di antarana:
* [[Stasion Seoul]], [[Distrik Yongsan]]: Jalur Gyéongbu ([[KTX]]/[[Saémaul-ho|Saémaul]]/[[Mugunghwa-ho]]), Jalur Gyéongui (Saémaul/[[Komuter]])
* [[Stasion Yongsan]], [[Distrik Yongsan]]: Jalur Honam (KTX/Saémaul/Mugunghwa), Jalur Jéolla/Janghang  (Saemaul/Mugunghwa)
* [[Stasion Yeongdeungpo]], [[Distrik Yeongdeungpo]]: Jalur Gyéongbu/Honam/Janghang (Saémaul/Mugunghwa)
* [[Stasion Cheongnyangni (di luhur lemah)|Stasion Cheongnyangni]], [[Distrik Dongdaémun]]: Jalur Gyéongchun/Jungang/Yéongdong/Taebaek (Mugunghwa)

===Bandara===

Dua bandara internasional aya di Séoul. [[Bandara Internasional Gimpo]], saméméhna aya di [[Kota Gimpo|Gimpo]] tapi dicokot ku Séoul taun 1963, geus sababaraha taun (ti saprak konstruksi aslina nalika [[Perang Koréa]]) jadi bandara hiji-hijina nu ngaladénan Séoul. Bandara doméstik lianna ogé diwangun nalika ieu perang, kaasup [[Yeouido]].

Nalika dibuka bulan Maret 2001, [[Bandara Internasional Incheon]] di pulo [[Yeongjong]] di [[Incheon]] ngarobah pancén Bandara Gimpo sacara signifikan. Inchéon kiwari boga tanggung jawab keur ampir sakabéh penerbangan internasional katut sababaraha penerbangan doméstik, sedengkeun Gimpo mah ukur ngaladénan penerbangan doméstik kajaba penerbangan ka [[Bandara Hanéda]] di Tokyo, [[Bandara Internasional Kansai Osaka]], [[Bandara Songshan Taipéi]] di Taipéi, [[Bandara Internasional Hongqiao Shanghai|Bandara Hongqiao]] di Shanghai, katut [[Bandara Internasional Ibukota Béijing]] di Béijing. Ku ayana ieu hal, penerbangan ti Bandara Gimpo turun drastis, sok sanajan masih kaasup salah sahiji bandara pangsibukna ogé.

Sedengkeun, Bandara Internasional Inchéon geus jadi puseur transportasi gedé keur Asia Wétan, babarengan jeung [[Bandara Internasional Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].

Inchéon jeung Gimpo kahubungkeun ka Séoul ku jalan raya, tur di antara duanana ku [[Rél Karéta Bandara Internasinal Incheon]], nu nyambung ogé ka Inchéon jalur #1. Gimpo ogé kahubungkeun ku subway (jalur No.&amp;nbsp;5 jeung #9). Rél Karéta Bandara Internasional Inchéon, nu ngahubungkeun ieu bandara sacara langsung ka Stasion Séoul di puseur Séoul, kakara dibuka. Beus ogé mawa panumpang antara bandara Inchéon jeung Gimpo.

==Atikan==
{{further|Atikan di Koréa Kidul|Daptar universitas di Seoul}}

===Universitas===
[[File:SNU gate.jpg|left|thumb|[[Universitas Nasional Seoul]]]]
Séoul mangrupa tempat mayoritas universitas préstisius di Koréa Kidul, kaasup di antarana [[Universitas Nasional Seoul]], [[Universitas Yonséi]], [[Universitas Koréa]], [[Universitas Sogang]], [[Universitas Sungkyunkwan]], [[Universitas Hanyang]], [[Universitas Chung-Ang]], [[Universitas Dongguk]], [[Universitas Wanoja Éwha]], [[Universitas Atikan Deungeun Hankuk]], [[Universitas Hongik]], [[Universitas Kookmin]], [[Universitas Konkuk]], [[Universitas Kyung Héé]], [[Universitas Kwangwoon]], [[Universitas Atikan Nasional Seoul]], [[Universitas Soongsil]], [[Universit Wanoja Sookmyung]], katut [[Universitas Seoul]].

===Atikan sekundér===
Atikan diwajibkeun ti kelas 1–10. Murid baris ngaréngsékeun genep taun di sakola dasar, tilu taun di sakola panengah, jeung tilu taun deui di sakola luhur. Sakola sekundér ilaharna nyaratkeun yén muridna maraké seragam. Aya ujian kalulusan sangkan bisa lulus ti sakola luhur sarta loba murid nu baris asup ka tingkat universitas dipénta pikeun nyokot ''[[College Scholastic Ability Test]]'' nu diayakeun unggal Nopémber tapi maranéhanana henteu perlu milu.

Séoul mangrupa tempat [[sakola kajuruan]], kaasup tilu sakola luhur sains ([[Hansung Science High School]], [[Sejong Science High School]] jeung [[Seoul Science High School]]), katut genep sakola luhur basa deungeun ([[Daewon Foreign Language High School]], [[Daeil Foreign Language High School]], [[Ewha Girls' Foreign Language High School]], [[Hanyoung Foreign Language High School]], [[Myungduk Foreign Language High School]] jeung [[Seoul Foreign Language High School]]). Kantor Atikan Métropolitan Séoul ngawengku 235 sakola luhur persiapan paguron luhur, 80 sakola magang, 377 sakola panengah, katut 33 sakola atikan husus taun 2009.

==Hubungan mancanagara==
Séoul mangrupa anggota [[Jajaring Kota Gedé 21 di Asia]] katut [[Kelompok Kapamingpinan Iklim Dayeuh C40]].

{{See also|Daptar kota kembar katut kota baraya di Koréa Kidul}}

===Kota kembar – Kota baraya===

&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible&quot;
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Séoul's [[Kota kembar katut kota baraya]] Séoul di sakuliah dunya:&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archivedate=2012-03-25 |title=Seoul – Sister Cities [via WayBackMachine] |accessdate=2013-08-23 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government (archived 2012-04-25) }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |date=2012-03-25 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities|accessdate=26 January 2008|work=Seoul Metropolitan Government|publisher=www.seoul.go.kr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|archivedate=10 December 2007}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |date=10 December 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
{|style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;width:33.3%;&quot;|
* {{flagicon|IRN}} [[Téhéran]], [[Iran]] (1963)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=wQiJ3vBJfvQC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |title=New Economic Spaces in Asian Cities: From Industrial Restructuring to the Cultural Turn |publisher=Routledge and the Taylor &amp; Francis Group |year=2012 |accessdate=2013-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=252 |title=Atlas of Tehran Metropolis |publisher=Tehran Municipality |date= |accessdate=2013-10-14 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009221306/http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=252 |date=2018-10-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|ROC}} [[Taipéi]], [[Taiwan]] (1968)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Taipei sisters&quot;&gt;[http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc Taipei Sister city list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023801/http://www.edunet.taipei.gov.tw/attach/The%2045%20Sister%20Cities%20list.doc |date=2014-04-10 }} Taipei City Council&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Ankara]], [[Turki]] (1971)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Honolulu]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (1973)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (1976)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] (1977)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;São Paulo twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000|title=Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal – No 14471|accessdate=2013-08-23|work=Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo [Municipality of the City of São Paulo]|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Research Municipal Legislation – No 14471|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018123138/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000|archivedate=2011-10-18}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018123138/http://www3.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cadlem/secretarias/negocios_juridicos/cadlem/integra.asp?alt=11072007L%20144710000 |date=2011-10-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;São Paulo WikiSource&quot;&gt;[http://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Lei_Municipal_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_14471_de_2007 Lei Municipal de São Paulo 14471 de 2007] WikiSource {{pt icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogota]], [[Kolombia]] (1982)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]] (1984)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
||
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tokyo]], [[Jepang]] (1988)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moskow]], [[Rusia]] (1991)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]n state (1991)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], [[Perancis]] (1991)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mexico City]], [[Méksiko]] (1992)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Béijing]], [[Républik Rahayat Tiongkok]] (1993)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|MNG}} [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Mongolia]] (1995)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Hanoi]], [[Viétnam]] (1996)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
||
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], [[Polandia]] (1996)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Kairo]], [[Mesir]] (1997)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roma]], [[Itali]] (2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]] (2004)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Amérika Serikat]] (2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Aténa]], [[Yunan]] (2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
* {{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] (2006)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMA sister cities&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list|title=Relationship with Sister Cities|author=International Affairs Division|work=International Affairs Division website|publisher=International Affairs Division, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|accessdate=12 September 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611230221/http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/list |date=11 June 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbékistan]] (2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;Seoul twinnings&quot;/&gt;
|}

==Tempo ogé==
{{Portal|Koréa}}
* [[Géografi Koréa Kidul]]
* [[Daptar kota di Koréa Kidul]]
* [[Daptar jejer nu patali jeung Koréa]]
* [[Walikota Seoul]]

==Rujukan==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Tutumbu kaluar==
{{Wiktionary|Seoul}}

===Loka resmi===
{{commons|Seoul}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://english.seoul.go.kr/ Seoul Metropolitan Government]
* [http://opengov.seoul.go.kr/ Seoul Information &amp; Communication Plaza]

===Informasi pelesir katut tempat cicing===
* [http://www.visitseoul.net/ i Tour Seoul]&amp;nbsp;– The Official Séoul Tourism Guide Site
* [http://www.youtube.com/visitseoul VisitSeoul]&amp;nbsp;– The Official Séoul Tourism Guide YouTube Channel
* [http://www.theseoulguide.com/ Seoul Travel Guide]&amp;nbsp;– Travel information for visitors to Séoul

====Peta====
* [http://maps.visitseoul.net/index.jsp?lang=eng Seoul Map Browser] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126101418/http://maps.visitseoul.net/index.jsp?lang=eng |date=2011-01-26 }} (from Séoul Metropolitan Government web site)
* [http://www.seoulmetro.co.kr/station/eng/linemap.action Seoul subway map]

===Poto===
* [http://www.seoulsnapshots.com/ Seoul Snapshots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110182715/http://seoulsnapshots.com/ |date=2016-01-10 }}
* [http://www.lovely-seoul.jimdo.com/ Pictures of Seoul]
* [http://seoulstreetart.com/ Seoul Street Art &amp; Graffiti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222032809/http://www.seoulstreetart.com/ |date=2015-02-22 }}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea|Capital of Baekje]]| before=|after=[[Gongju|Ungjin]]|years=18 BC–475 AD}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea]]| before=[[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]]|after=Abolished|years=}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Capital of Korea|Capital of South Korea]]| before=New creation|after=Incumbent|years=1948–}}
{{S-end}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Artikel nu patali jeung Seoul
|list  =
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[[Kategori:Seoul| ]]
[[Kategori:Ibukota di Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>q0ha3kwykaqepmcf2b76h0rrahp333e</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Gmail</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
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      <text bytes="5681" sha1="1xmcig95byyjlgqvt5oocea0nzjvawd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gmail icon (2026).svg|thumb|right|Logo Gmail]]
'''Gmail''' nyaéta fasilitas [[surélék]] anu disayagakeun ku [[Google]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Teeter |first=Ryan |title=Google Apps For Dummies |isbn=1-118-05240-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=5TUv9jCaJdwC&amp;pg=SA3-PA27&amp;dq=Gmail+free+advertising+supported#v=onepage&amp;q=Gmail%20free%20advertising%20supported&amp;f=false |author2=Karl Barksdale |pages=3–27 |date=2011-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unggal pamaké bisa ngaksés Gmail dina [[webmail]] [[HTTPS|aman]], sakumaha protokol-protokol [[Post Office Protocol|POP3]] atawa [[Internet Message Access Protocol|IMAP4]] ilaharna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gmail Now Has IMAP Support&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202601159 | title = Gmail Now Has IMAP Support | publisher = Information Week | date = 2007-10-24 | accessdate = 2016-01-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101216040641/http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/webdev/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=202601159 | archivedate = 2010-12-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13273&amp;topic=1556 | title = How do I enable POP? | publisher = Google |date=2007-09-03 | accessdate = 2016-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mimitina mah Gmail téh ngan ukur jalur undangan hungkul dina [[rilis béta]] tanggal [[1 April]] [[2004]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Google Gets the Message, Launches Gmail |date=April 1, 2004 |publisher=[[Google]] |url = http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/gmail.html |accessdate=1/23/2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuluy jadi sadia pikeun umumna mah dina tanggal [[7 Pébruari]] [[2007]], tapina tetep dina status béta kénéh.&lt;ref name=&quot;goog001&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |title=Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really) |accessdate=2016-01-23 |publisher=Google |work=Official Google Blog |author=Matthew Glotzbach, Director, Product Management, Google Enterprise |date=July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuluy fasilitas dironjatkeun ti status béta status dina tanggal [[7 Juli]] [[2009]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GoogleBlogJuly2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html|title = Gmail leaves beta, launches &quot;Back to Beta&quot; Labs feature|accessdate = 2016-01-23|last = Coleman|first = Keith|authorlink = |date=July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AP07Jul09&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gjI6d7txpkx2q7_7Z6uwM4-x-MbgD999MNJ01|title = Gmail drops 'beta' label to woo business customer|accessdate = 2009-07-07|last = Vanacore|first = Andrew|authorlink = |date=July 2009|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090710162246/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gjI6d7txpkx2q7_7Z6uwM4-x-MbgD999MNJ01 |archivedate = 10 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku kapasitas teundeunanna nepi ka 1 [[Gigabyte|GB]] per pamaké, Gmail ngaronjatna signifikan da standar webmail gratis harita ngan nyadiakeun paneundeunan tina 2 nepi ka 4 [[Megabyte|MB]] wungkul saperti sainganna [[Hotmail]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows_live/b/windowslive/archive/2010/01/06/a-short-history-of-hotmail.aspx|title=A short history of Hotmail|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|work=Inside SkyDrive, Hotmail, and Messenger|date=5 January 2010|accessdate=2016-01-23|last=Craddock
|first=Dirk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pesen pribadi Gmail, kaasup lampiran, bisa nepi ka 25 MB.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=8770 |title=Gmail Help Center |publisher=Mail.google.com |date=2013-06-28 |accessdate=2016-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gmail mibanda [[mesin paluruh|pamaluruhan]] nu orientasi tampilan sarta fasilitas obrolan nu mirip siga [[forum internet]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.developer.com/design/article.php/3526681|title=AJAX: Asynchronous Java + XML?|publisher=www.developer.com|accessdate=2016-01-23|last=Wei|first=Coach K.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319180652/http://www.developer.com/design/article.php/3526681|archivedate=2012-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Sajarah==
Gagasan pikeun Gmail téh bijilna ti [[Rajen Sheth]] nalika diinterviu ku [[Google]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Metz |first=Cade |url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2011/10/chromebook-raises-second-child/ |title=Chromebook: 'Father of Google Apps' Raises Second Child &amp;#124; Wired Enterprise |publisher=Wired.com |date=2011-10-07 |accessdate=2016-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328121231/http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2011/10/chromebook-raises-second-child |archive-date=2014-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuluy dimekarkeun ku [[Paul Buchheit]] sababraha taun saméméhna éta téh pikeun dibuka ka umum. Proyék ieu dipikawanoh ku kode ngaran ''Caribou''.&lt;ref name=time&gt;{{cite news|last=McCracken|first=Harry|title=How Gmail Happened: The Inside Story of Its Launch 10 Years Ago|url=http://time.com/43263/gmail-10th-anniversary/|publisher=Time|accessdate=2016-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122092230/http://time.com/43263/gmail-10th-anniversary/|archive-date=2016-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inisial klien surélék sayaga husus pikeun dipaké ku pagawé intern Google.&lt;ref name=&quot;goog001&quot;/&gt; Ari dibuka pikeun umumna mah dina tanggal [[1 April]] [[2004]] dina rilis beta kawates.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3334241|title=Google Launches Gmail, Free Email Service — Search Engine Watch|publisher=searchenginewatch.com|accessdate=2016-01-23
|last=Sullivan|first=Danny}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sarta dibuka pikeun umum sagemblengna dina tanggal [[7 Pébruari]] [[2007]].&lt;ref name=&quot;goog001&quot;/&gt;

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}{{pondok}}
[[Kategori:Google]]
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  <page>
    <title>Musieum Bénténg Vredeburg</title>
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      <text bytes="6840" sha1="one2fst57dt4xajof9o1ubnnakzhx09" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Fort Vredeburg, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.JPG|jmpl|Fort Vredeburg, di Malioboro, Yogyakarta]]
'''Muséum Bénténg Vrédeburg''' nyaéta [[bénténg]] nu diwangun ditaun 1765 ku Pamaréntah Walanda anu dipaké pikeun nolak serangan ti [[Karaton|Kraton]] Yogyakarta. Lokasi Benteng Vredeburg katuhu dina tungtung Jalan Malioboro atawa titik enol kilometer ti Yogyakarta. Tepat, lokasina di Jalan jendral A. Yani 6, Yogyakarta. lokasi bénténg Vredeburg kaasup strategis pisan. Teu loba nunyaho yén muséum Benteng Yogyakarta, mimitina ngaranna &quot;Benteng Rustenburg&quot; hartina &quot;Benteng Peristirahatan&quot;, diwangun ku Walanda ditaun 1760 di luhur [[taneuh]] karaton. 

Sabab diijinan ku Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono I, kira-kira taun 1765 - 1788 wangunan disampurnakeun jeung saterusna diganti ngaran jadi &quot;Benteng Vredeburg&quot; nu hartina &quot;Benteng Perdamaian&quot;. tanggal 9 Agustus1980, benteng ieu dirobah deui jadi hiji puseur informasi sarta ngembangkeun budaya nagara. Sababaraha taun ti harita-persis 16 April 1985 benteng ieu disimpen na ngancik kana muséum Perjuangan. muséum mimiti operasi di 1987. Tungtungna 23 November 1992, muséum diresmikeun salaku muséum Husus tina Perjuangan Nasional ngaranna Bénténg muséum Benteng Yogyakarta. Urut gedong Benteng Vredeburg dihadéan jeung dilestarikeun. DIna ngahadéan bagian luar masih dipiara, Bari bagian jero ieu dihadéan jeung disesuaikeun kana fungsi anyar salaku ruangan [[Musium|museum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://masbidintravel.net/benteng-vredeburg/|title=Sejarah Benteng Vredeburg, Diorama dan Isi Museum Zaman Kolonial|website=masbidin TRAVEL|language=id-ID|accessdate=2019-03-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220222305/https://masbidintravel.net/benteng-vredeburg/ |date=2018-02-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sajarah ==
[[Gambar:Meriam Museum Benteng Vredeburg - 2024.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Meriam Museum Benteng Vredeburg]]
Mimiti pisan ieu bénténg digali dina taun 1760 dumasar kana timbalan Sultan Hamengku Buwono I. Harita, Walanda hajak ménta widi pikeun ngadegkeun bénténg di deukeut Keraton Yogyakarta. Dalihna mah cenah éta pangwangunan téh pikeun ngajaga kaamanan karaton. Pangabeneran di balik éta akal-akalan, Walanda ngandung maksud hayang ngintip kamekaran pulitik jeung polah kagiatan di jero Keraton Yogyakarta. Jarakna anu sakali tembak mariem ti karaton ngajadikeun ieu bénténg merenah pisan pikeun ngintip sakaligus pasang badan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/wisata/d-6595451/sejarah-benteng-vredeburg-jogja-beserta-fungsi-letak-dan-koleksinya|title=Sejarah Benteng Vredeburg Jogja Beserta Fungsi, Letak, dan Koleksinya|last=Santo|website=detikjateng|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ieu bénténg ogé nyanghareup leungeun ka jalan gedé anu ngarah ka karaton. Posisi kawas kieu dipaké ku Walanda pikeun strategi pertahanan, nakut-nakutan, ngarurug, nepi ka ngablokir saupama hubungan jeung Keraton Yogyakarta mimiti haneut atawa goréng. Dina mimitina, wangun Benteng Vredeburg masih alakadarna pisan. Tembokna dijieun tina taneuh anu dipajeg ku tihang kai kalapa atawa kawung. Hateupna ku alang-alang. Wangunna pasagi, terus di unggal juru dipasangan bastion.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kacaritakeun saterusna, Gubernur Walanda W. H. van Ossenberg ngusulkeun sangkan bénténg diwangun leuwih stérég sarta permanén. Pangwangunan éta dimimitian dina taun 1767 dina handapeun pituduh arsiték Walanda, Ir. Frans Haak.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indonesiavirtualtour.com/wisata-virtual/benteng-vredeburg|title=Benteng Vredeburg|website=indonesiavirtualtour.com|language=en|accessdate=2026-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanggeus anggeus diwangun, bénténg dingaranan Rustenburg, anu hartina “bénténg tempat reureuh”. Dina taun 1867, lini gedé ngalinihan Yogyakarta nepi ka lolobana wangunan bénténg raruntuh. Sanggeus dioméan deui, ngaranna diganti jadi Vredeburg, anu hartina “bénténg perdamaian”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kajadian penting ==
Mapay jalanna waktu, Benteng Vredeburg jadi saksi rupaning kajadian penting di Yogyakarta. Dina mangsa pendudukan Inggris taun 1811-1816, ieu bénténg aya patalina jeung kajadian Geger Sepoy, nyaéta panarajangan pasukan Inggris sabubuhan jeung sababaraha kakuatan pribumi ka Keraton Yogyakarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4327/benteng-vredeburg|title=JOGJACAGAR {{!}} Sistem Informasi Cagar Budaya|website=jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id|accessdate=2026-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260816120303/https://jogjacagar.jogjaprov.go.id/detail/4327/benteng-vredeburg|archivedate=2026-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Dina tanggal 5 Maret 1942, pas Jepang ngawasaan Yogyakarta, Benteng Vredeburg dicokot alih ku sardadu Jepang. Bénténg tuluy dijadikeun markas Kempetai, gudang pakarang, sarta tempat ngurung urang Walanda jeung warga Indonésia anu dianggap ngalawan pamaréntahan Jepang. Sanggeus Proklamasi Kamerdikaan Indonésia taun 1945, Benteng Vredeburg hasil direbut deui ku pihak militér Indonésia. Tapi Walanda balik deui ngawasa sanggeus ngalaksanakeun Agresi Militér Walanda II dina 19 Désémber 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Dina mangsa éta, Benteng Vredeburg dipaké nyimpen pakakas militér sakaligus jadi salah sahiji sarang Dinas Rahasia Walanda. Dina Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949, TNI babarengan jeung rupa-rupa unsur masarakat hasil ngawasa Benteng Vredeburg salila kira-kira genep jam. Pangawasan éta jadi bukti ka dunya yén kakuatan Républik Indonésia masih aya sarta tetep tanggoh di Yogyakarta. Sanggeus pasukan Walanda ngacir ninggalkeun Yogyakarta dina 29 Juni 1949, pengurusan Benteng Vredeburg tuluy diserahkeun ka APRI (Angkatan Perang Républik Indonésia). Lalampahan sajarah anu sakitu panjangna ngajadikeun ieu bénténg salah sahiji wangunan penting dina sajarah kamekaran Yogyakarta ti mangsa kolonial nepi ka mangsa awal kamerdikaan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesia.travel/id/id/destination/java/yogyakarta/museum-benteng-vredeburg-yogyakarta/|title=Museum Benteng Vredeburg &amp; Jejak Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa|website=Visit Indonesia|language=id-ID|accessdate=2026-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pasilitas ==
'''Pasilitas nu aya di muséum Benteng Vredeburg:'''

#Perpustakaan

#Ruang pintonan

#Juru jalan

#Mushola

== Jam Buka ==
*Salasa - Jumaah: 7:30 pikeun 16:00 pm
*Poe senen jeung libur nasional: Ditutup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gudeg.net/direktori/49/museum-benteng-vredeburg-yogyakarta.html|title=Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta|website=www.gudeg.net|language=id|accessdate=2019-03-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805105558/https://gudeg.net/direktori/49/museum-benteng-vredeburg-yogyakarta.html |date=2020-08-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Tempat]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Peserta WSSA]]
[[Category:WikiRempah]]
[[Category:WikiRempah Manado]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruselli Hartawan</title>
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      <text bytes="10574" sha1="eg81xlhu6s6vdd0bhinzzpg5vaptx1q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox badminton player
| name                    = Ruselli Hartawan
| image                   = Chinese Taipei Open 20181003-IMG 8704 (31206249478).jpg
| size                    = 250px
| birth_name              = Ruselli Hartawan
| birth_date              = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1997|12|27}}
| birth_place             = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| height                  = 1.60 m&lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Profil Tim Bulutangkis di Asian Games 2018 |url=https://m.badmintonindonesia.org/app/information/newsDetail.aspx?/7291 |publisher=[[Badminton Association of Indonesia]] |accessdate=20 February 2019 |language=Indonesian }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220122821/https://m.badmintonindonesia.org/app/information/newsDetail.aspx?%2F7291 |date=20 February 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| weight                  = 57.5 kg&lt;ref name=&quot;pt&quot;/&gt;
| event                   = Women's singles
| titles                  = 2
| years active            =
| highest_ranking         = 34
| date_of_highest_ranking = 19 November 2019
| current_ranking         = 37
| date_of_current_ranking = 3 December 2019
| country                 = {{INA}}
| handedness              = Right
| bwf_id                  = 97C62180-0C74-413A-BFAC-AC384ED790FF
|medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Women's [[badminton]] }}
{{MedalCountry|{{INA}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalBronze | {{Nowrap|[[Badminton at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta-Palembang]]}} | [[Badminton at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's team|Women's team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Championships#Badminton Asia Team Championships|Asia Mixed Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2019 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships|2019 Hong Kong]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Championships#Badminton Asia Team Championships|Asia Team Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2018 Badminton Asia Team Championships|2018 Alor Setar]] | Women's team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton at the Southeast Asian Games|Southeast Asian Games]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[Badminton at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games|2019 Philippines]] | {{Nowrap|[[Badminton at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games – Individual event#Women's singles|Women's singles]]}} }}
{{MedalSilver | [[Badminton at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games|2019 Philippines]] | [[Badminton at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games – Women's team|Women's team]] }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[BWF World Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[2013 BWF World Junior Championships|2013 Bangkok]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalSilver | [[2014 BWF World Junior Championships|2014 Alor Setar]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Badminton Asia Junior Championships|Asian Junior Championships]] }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2013 Asian Junior Badminton Championships|2013 Kota Kinabalu]] | Mixed team }}
{{MedalBronze | [[2015 Badminton Asia Junior Championships|2015 Bangkok]] | Mixed team }}
|}}

'''Ruselli Hartawan''' (lahir 27 Désémber 1997) nyaéta saurang pamaén badminton profésional Indonésia anu ngagabung jeung klub Jaya Raya Jakarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://badmintonindonesia.org/app/information/newsDetail.aspx?/7291|title=Profil Tim Bulutangkis di Asian Games 2018|last=Persatuan Bulu Tangkis Seluruh Indonesia|first=|website=Persatuan Bulu Tangkis Seluruh Indonesia|publisher=|language=id|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=|date=2018-08-18|access-date=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Karir ==
Dina taun 2013 Ruselli kungsi asup jadi pamaén pelatnas, tapi alatan prestasina nu kurang katémbong mangka dina taun 2014 manéhna dipulangkeun deui ka klubna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://badmintonindonesia.org/app/information/newsDetail.aspx?/5222|title=Ruselli Hartawan Kembali ke Pelatnas|website=badmintonindonesia.org|accessdate=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina taun 2016 Ruselli resmi diasupkeun deui kana program pelatnas ngaliwatan Surat Keputusan No. SKEP/038/0.5/VII/2016 tentang Pemanggilan Atlet Bulu Tangkis Masuk Pelatnas PBSI (Persatuan Bulu Tangkis Seluruh Indonesia)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Dina Olimpiade Musim Panas 2014 di Nanjing, CIna tahun 2014, Ruselli maén di nomor tunggal wanoja, sanajan gagal asup kana babak sémifinal, sanggeus éléh ku Akanae Yamaguchi asal Jepang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://olahraga.kompas.com/read/2014/04/15/2332102/Tunggal.Putri.Indonesia.Dihentikan.Pemain-pemain.Unggulan|title=Tunggal Putri Indonesia Dihentikan Pemain-pemain Unggulan|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taun 2017, manéhna hasil meunangkan nomor Tunggal Wanita di Kejuaraan Nasional (Kejurnas) PBSI di Pangkal Pinang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2014/08/20/youth-olympic-games-2014-day-4-lee-stands-in-yamaguchis-way|title=Youth Olympic Games 2014 – Day 4: Lee Stands in Yamaguchi’s Way|website=bwfbadminton.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina Piala Uber 2018 di Thailand, Ruselli éléh dua set langsung ku Busanan Ongbamrungphan ti Thailand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3537816/piala-uber-ruselli-kalah-indonesia-disingkirkan-thailand|title=Piala Uber: Ruselli Kalah, Indonesia Disingkirkan Thailand|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina Indonesia Open 2019, Ruselli kudu ngaku kaunggulan Ratchanok Intanon ti mimiti babak kahiji, sarta dina gim kadua, sanajan manéhna kungsi mingpin di awal gim kahiji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4013743/indonesia-open-2019-ruselli-hartawan-langsung-tumbang-lawan-pemain-thailand|title=Indonesia Open 2019: Ruselli Hartawan Langsung Tumbang Lawan Pemain Thailand|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Taun 2019 Ruselli hasil ngéléhkeun unggulan kaopat asal Amerika Serikat, Zhang Beiwen dina babak kedua parapat final kajuaraan bulutangkis Macau Terbuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4099876/singkirkan-wakil-amerika-ruselli-hartawan-ke-perempat-final-macau-terbuka|title=Singkirkan Wakil Amerika, Ruselli Hartawan ke Perempat Final Macau Terbuka|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4099936/ruselli-hartawan-ungkap-kunci-sukses-tekuk-unggulan-keempat-macau-terbuka|title=Ruselli Hartawan Ungkap Kunci Sukses Tekuk Unggulan Keempat Macau Terbuka|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina parapat final Hong Kong Open 2019 Ruselli ngéléhkeun An Se Young asal Korea dina lawan tanding dua gim langsung.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4110985/ruselli-hartawan-perbarui-rapor-pribadi-di-hong-kong-open-2019|title=Ruselli Hartawan Perbarui Rapor Pribadi di Hong Kong Open 2019|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku meunangna jadi balukar manéhna munggaran lolos ka parapat final turnamén BWD World Tour Super 500.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ruselli asup ka babak final tunggal SEA Games 2019 sanggeus ngéléhkeun unggulan kahiji asal Thailand, Pornpawee Chochuwong dina lawan tanding tiga gim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4129202/singkirkan-unggulan-pertama-ruselli-hartawan-tembus-final-sea-games-2019|title=Singkirkan Unggulan Pertama, Ruselli Hartawan Tembus Final SEA Games 2019|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hanjakal dina babak final Ruselli kudu puas meunang medali pérak sanggeus éléh ku pamaén ti Malaysia, Kisona Selvaduray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4129875/sea-games-2019-dikalahkan-pemain-malaysia-ruselli-hartawan-raih-medali-perak|title=SEA Games 2019: Dikalahkan Pemain Malaysia, Ruselli Hartawan Raih Medali Perak|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taun 2020 Ruselli maén dina kompetisi Indonesia Masters.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4156486/fitriani-dan-ruselli-hartawan-langsung-kepak-kopor-dari-indonesia-masters-2020|title=Fitriani dan Ruselli Hartawan Langsung Kepak Kopor dari Indonesia Masters 2020|last=Liputan6.com|website=liputan6.com|language=id|accessdate=2020-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina babak mimiti Rusell éléh ku unggulan katujuh Indonesia Masters 2020 asal Kanada, Michelle Li.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;         

=== Olimpiadeu Rumaja===
* Olimpiadeu Usum Panas 2014 di Nanjing, Cina
Ruselli maén di nomor Tunggal Wanoja jeung éléh di parapat final ku Akane Yamaguci asal [[Jepang]]. 
{| style='font-size: 95%; text-align:center;' class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|- style=&quot;background: #F0F8FF&quot;
|-
! Fase
! Lawan
! Skor
! Hasil
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center; background:white&quot; | ''Grup''
| align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|AUS}} Joy Lai
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 21–13, 22–20
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Meunang
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center; background:white&quot; | ''Grup''
| align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|POL}} Magda Konieczna
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 21–13, 21–10
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Meunang
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center; background:white&quot; | ''Grup''
| align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} Ruthvika Shivani Gadde
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 21–14, 21–15
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Meunang
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center; background:white&quot; | ''Parapat Final''
| align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|JPN}} Akane Yamaguchi
| align=&quot;left&quot; | 6–21, 21–18, 11–21
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Éléh
|}

==Rekor jeung lawan pinilih==
Rekor ngalawan finalis World Superseries, semifinalis Kajuaraan Dunia, jeung parapat finalis Olimpiade, kitu deui sakabéh lawan Olimpiade. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ruselli Hartawan: Head to Head|url=http://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/profile/selectheadtohead.aspx?id=97C62180-0C74-413A-BFAC-AC384ED790FF|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|accessdate=2 December 2017}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[He Bingjiao]] ''0–3
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Li Xuerui]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sun Yu (badminton)|Sun Yu]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yao Xue]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|INA}} [[Lindaweni Fanetri]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akane Yamaguchi]] ''0–3
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yui Hashimoto]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Sung Ji-hyun]] ''0–1
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Zhang Beiwen]] ''0–1
{{div col end}}

==Rujukan==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hartawan, Ruselli}}
[[Kategori:Pamaén badminton Indonésia‎]]
[[Kategori:Nu babar taun 1997]]</text>
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    <title>Bantuan:Pranala</title>
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| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
| name = Tayuman
| status = 
| status_system = 
| status_ref = 
| fossil_range = 
| image = Bauhinia purpurea flower in Andhra University.jpg
| image_caption = Bunga''
| image2 = 
| image2_caption = 
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
&lt;!-- klad --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;&lt;!-- --&gt;{{kladtb|[[Rosid]]}}
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| subordo = 
| superfamilia = 
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Cercidoideae]]
| supertribus =
| tribus = [[Bauhinieae]]
| subtribus = 
| genus = ''[[Bauhinia]]''
| species = '''''Bauhinia purpurea'''''
| ordo_authority = 
| familia_authority =
| genus_authority = 
| species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]&lt;ref name=POWO_481605-1/&gt;
|subdivision_ranks = 
|subdivision = 
| range_map = 
| range_map_caption = 
| range_map_alt = 
|type_species = 
|type_species_authority = 
|synonyms =
  {{Species list
  |Bauhinia castrata|Blanco
  |Bauhinia coromandeliana|DC.
  |Bauhinia kurzii|Prain
  |Bauhinia rosea|Kurz
  |Bauhinia triandra|Roxb.
  |Caspareopsis purpurea|(L.) Pittier
  |Casparia castrata|(Blanco) Hassk.
  |Perlebia purpurea|(L.) A.Schmitz
  |Phanera kurzii|(Prain) Thoth.
  |Phanera purpurea|(L.) Benth.
  |Phanera rosea|Rich. ex Teijsm. &amp; Binn.
  |Telestria purpurea|(L.) Raf.
  }}
|synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=POWO_481605-1&gt;{{cite web |title=''Bauhinia purpurea'' L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:481605-1 |accessdate=2020-05-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529112944/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:481605-1 |archivedate=2023-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Gambar:Bauhinia purpurea-batang-Raflinoer32.jpg|jmpl|Foto ieu Lokasina di Taman Hutan H Djuanda, Bandung]]

'''Bauhinia purpurea''' atawa '''Tayuman''', nu langkung dikenal minangka tangkal anggrek ungu atanapi tangkal borondong, mangrupikeun tangkal hias anu asalna tina anak buana [[India]] sareng [[Myanmar]], sareng parantos sumebar ka daérah tropis sareng subtropis di sakuliah dunya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-07-19|title=Tayuman|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayuman|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gambaran tangkal ==

* '''Ukuran sareng Bentuk:''' Tangkal ieu semi-gugur kalayan makuta anu buleud, tiasa ngahontal jangkungna dugi ka 20-35 kaki (6-10 meter).
* '''Daun:''' Daunna ageung, dua-lobed, kalayan bentuk haté anu lemes.
* '''Kembang:''' Kembangna mirip anggrek, warna na ti ungu nepi ka bodas, sareng muncul dina jumlah anu seueur. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://devilmountainnursery.com/bauhinia-purpurea/|title=Bauhinia purpurea|website=Devil Mountain Wholesale Nursery|language=en|accessdate=2025-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Buah:''' Buahna mangrupa polong kering anu panjangna dugi ka 12 inci (30 cm), ngandung 12 nepi ka 16 siki.

== Habitat ==
Tangkal ieu tumbuh subur di daérah kalayan sinar panonpoé pinuh sareng taneuh anu ngagaduhan drainase anu saé. Tangkal ieu ogé tahan kana kaayaan halodo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST090|title=ENH249/ST090: Bauhinia purpurea: Purple Orchid-Tree|website=Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS|language=en|accessdate=2025-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manpaat ==

* '''Tutuwuhan Hias'''
** Kusabab kembangna nu éndah sareng warnana nu mencorong, tangkal ieu sering dipelak pikeun ngahias taman, kebon, sareng sisi jalan.
** Tangkalna ogé tiasa nyayogikeun kalangkungan atanapi tempat teduh di lingkungan rumah tangga.
* '''Obat Tradisional'''
** Dina pengobatan tradisional, bagéan tangkal ieu dipercaya bisa ngubaran rupa-rupa panyakit.
** '''Daunna''': Dipaké pikeun ngubaran batuk sareng panyakit kulit.
** '''Kulit tangkalna''': Bisa dipaké pikeun nyubuhkeun borok, panyakit kelenjar, sareng minangka panawar racun.
** '''Akarnya''': Dipaké pikeun masalah pencernaan jeung inflamasi (radang)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-07-19|title=Tayuman|url=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayuman|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Budidaya ==

# '''Milih Siki atanapi Stek'''
#* Siki kedah direndem heula dina cai haneut supados gancang mecenghul.
#* Stek batang langkung gancang tumbuh tibatan siki 
# '''Nyayagikeun Taneuh'''
#* Taneuh kedah subur, hampang, sarta drainaséna saé.
#* pH taneuh netral atanapi rada asam.
# '''Cara Melak'''
#* Melak di tempat nu kénging cahaya panonpoé.
#* Jarak tanam 3-5 meter supados tangkal tiasa mekarkeun kalayan leluasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mahindranursery.com/blogs/plant-guide/bauhinia-plant-a-complete-guide-to-growing-and-caring-for-the-orchid-tree|title=Bauhinia Plant {{!}} A Complete Guide to Growing and Caring for the Orchid|last=Nursery|first=Kadiyam|website=Mahindra Nursery|language=en|accessdate=2025-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# '''Perawatan Tangkal'''
#* '''Nyiram''': Dilakukeun rutin, tapi ulah nepi ka beueus teuing.
#* '''Mupus''': Pupuk organik atanapi NPK dipasihkeun sabulan sakali.
#* '''Mangkasan''': Ranting garing dipangkas supados ngadorong pertumbuhan anyar.
# '''Nyegah Hama jeung Panyakit'''
#* '''Hama''': Kutu daun sareng ulat tiasa menyerang, tiasa diatasi ku insektisida alami.
#* '''Panyakit''': Jamur tiasa muncul mun taneuh teuing baseuh, pastikeun drainase saé.
# '''Mangsa Kamekaran'''
#* Tangkal ieu biasana mimiti mekar dina umur 2-3 taun, utamina dina usum garing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST090|title=ENH249/ST090: Bauhinia purpurea: Purple Orchid-Tree|website=Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS|language=en|accessdate=2025-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ku cara budidaya nu leres, tangkal Tayuman tiasa mekarkeun kalayan saé, nyayogikeun kaéndahan tur mangpaat pikeun lingkungan. 

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Artikel WikiTutuwuhan]]
[[Kategori:Artikel Kopdar WikiTutuwuhan]]</text>
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      <comment>Citakan anyar</comment>
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{{{kedalan_anjeun|''Pamaké ieu henteu ngeusian kedalanana. Kanggo nu ngusulkeun, mangga gentosan baris ieu ku kedalan anjeun.''}}}</text>
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