Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk Kigermanik 0 2044 1237853 952893 2022-08-01T13:34:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lugha za Kigermanik''' ni kikundi cha [[lugha]] zenye asili ya [[Ulaya ya Kaskazini]]. Lugha za Kigermanik zenye wasemaji wengi ni [[Kiingereza]] ([[milioni]] 380) na [[Kijerumani]] (milioni 120). Lugha nyingine za Kigermanik ni lugha za [[Skandinavia]], halafu [[Kiholanzi]] na [[Kiafrikaans]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. ==Historia== Mwanzo wa lugha hizi uko gizani. [[Wataalamu]] wamejaribu kutambua sifa za lugha asilia kwa kulinganisha lugha mbalimbalimbali zilizo karibukaribu ikiwa habari zao zimejulikana. Kutokana na makisio hayo Kigermanik kilianza Ulaya ya Kaskazini, labda [[Sweden]] ya Kusini katika miaka [[elfu]] ya kwanza [[K.K.]]. Wasemaji wa Kigermanik walianza kuhamahama wakati wa [[Dola la Roma]] na ndipo habari za kwanza za kihistoria zimepatikana. Matembezi ya [[Wagermanik]] yalifika hadi [[Urusi]] wa Kusini na [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]]. [[Picha:Kigermanik.PNG|200px|thumb|left|<small>'''Lugha za Kigermanik katika Ulaya'''; buluu: Kigermanik cha kaskazini; njano: Kigermanik cha magharibi tawi la Kifrisia-Kiingereza; kibichi: Kigermanik cha magaharibi tawi la Kusini</small>]] Lugha za Kigermanik hugawanywa katika aina tatu: '''a) Kigermanik ya Kaskazini''': [[Kiswidi]], [[Kidenmark]], [[Kinorwei]], [[Kiiceland]] na [[Kifaroe]] '''b) Kigermanik ya Magharibi''': [[Kiingereza]], [[Kijerumani]] ([[Kidachi]]), [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kiafrikaans]], [[Kijerumani ya Kaskazini]], [[Kifrisia]], [[Kiyiddish]] ([[Kiyahudi]] cha Ulaya) '''c) Kigermanik ya Mashariki''': lugha hizi kama [[Wavandali|Kivandali]] au [[Wagoti|Kigoti]] zimekufa zote zinajulikana kama lugha za kihistoria tu [[Jamii:Lugha za Kigermanik|*]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya|Germanik]] [[Jamii:Makabila ya Wagermanik]] qajggws08oqh50xydy09zly5s3ole1t Wagadugu 0 2820 1237854 875815 2022-08-01T13:35:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Wagadugu |picha_ya_satelite = |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Burkina Faso]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |website = }} [[Picha:ouagadougou_place_nations_unies.JPG|thumb|250px|Barabara katika kitovu cha Wagadugu karibu na uwanja wa Umoja wa Mataifa.]] '''Wagadugu''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] huandikwa '''Ouagadougou''') ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burkina Faso]], na pia mji mkubwa kabisa wa nchi hiyo. Mwaka 2005 idadi ya wakazi ilikuwa milioni 1,2. Mji unakua haraka. Wagadugu iko katika jimbo la Kadiogo. Kuna ofisi za serikali na viwanda kadhaa vya nguo na vyakula. Mji ni pia kitovu cha usafiri na mawasiliano. Kuna kiwanja cha kimataifa cha ndege na njia ya reli kwenda [[Abidjan]] ([[Côte d'Ivoire]]), halafu barabara za kwenda [[Lome]] ([[Togo]]), [[Bamako]] ([[Mali]]), [[Niamey]] ([[Niger]]), [[Accra]] ([[Ghana]]). Wagadugu ina chuo kikuu kilichokuwa chuo cha mwanahistoria maarufu [[Joseph Ki-Zerbo]]. Tamasha la kimataifa la filamu za Afrika ([[FESPACO]]) hufanyiwa Wagadugu. {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Wagadugu| ]] gxoq3k2ue9059gkwvcewvixrclct144 1237858 1237854 2022-08-01T13:38:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Wagadugu |picha_ya_satelite = |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Burkina Faso]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |website = }} [[Picha:ouagadougou_place_nations_unies.JPG|thumb|250px|Barabara katika kitovu cha Wagadugu karibu na uwanja wa Umoja wa Mataifa.]] '''Wagadugu''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] huandikwa '''Ouagadougou''') ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Burkina Faso]], na pia [[mji]] mkubwa kabisa wa nchi hiyo. Mwaka 2005 [[idadi]] ya wakazi ilikuwa [[milioni]] 1,2, lakini mji unakua haraka. Wagadugu iko katika [[jimbo la Kadiogo]]. Kuna [[ofisi]] za [[serikali]] na viwanda kadhaa vya nguo na vyakula. Mji ni pia [[kitovu]] cha [[usafiri]] na [[mawasiliano]]. Kuna kiwanja cha kimataifa cha ndege na njia ya [[reli]] kwenda [[Abidjan]] ([[Côte d'Ivoire]]), halafu [[barabara]] za kwenda [[Lome]] ([[Togo]]), [[Bamako]] ([[Mali]]), [[Niamey]] ([[Niger]]), [[Accra]] ([[Ghana]]). Wagadugu ina [[chuo kikuu]] kilichokuwa chuo cha mwanahistoria maarufu [[Joseph Ki-Zerbo]]. Tamasha la kimataifa la filamu za Afrika ([[FESPACO]]) hufanyiwa Wagadugu. {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Ouagadougou| ]] 9uv9s1814l2qhw872yyk32lfozwu618 Conakry 0 3521 1237952 876175 2022-08-02T00:40:52Z Aboubacarkhoraa 55227 #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Conakry |picha_ya_satelite = |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Guinea]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |website = }} [[Picha:Guinea.png|thumb|right|250px|Conakry katika Guinea]] '''Conakry''' (pia: Konakry) ina wakazi 2,000,000 (mwaka 2002) ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Guinea]]. Mji una bandari mwambaoni wa [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. == Historia == Chanzo cha Conakry ni kwenye kisiwa cha Tombo kilicho karibu sana na rasi ya [[Kaloum]]. Mji ulianzishwa baada ya kisiwa kuhamishwa kutoka utawala wa Uingereza chini ya Ufaransa. Wafaransa waliunganisha mwaka 1887 vijiji vinne vya Conakry, Boulbinet, Krutown na Tombo. Mwaka 1889 Conakry ilikuwa makao makuu ya utawala wa koloni ya « Mito ya Kusini (Rivières du Sud) » na tangu 1891 ya Guinea ya Kifaransa ikakua kwa sababu ya bandari yake hasa baada ya kujengwa kwa reli kwenda Kankan. == Conakry leo == Leo kisiwa cha Tumbo kimeunganishwa na rasi ya Kaloum kwa barabara. Mji umeenea kufunika rasi yote. Kuna beledi tano mjini ambayo ni Kaloum (kitovu cha mji), Dixinn (penye chuo kikuu na balozi nyingi), Ratoma (penye vilabu na mabaa), Matam na Matoto penye uwanja wa ndege wa Gbessia. Mahali pa kuangalia ni makumbusho ya kitaifa, masoko, jengo la Jumba la Watu, msikiti mkuu na visiwa vya Los. [[Faili:Entre principal du palais du peuple conakry.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Jumba la Watu katika Conakry]] [[Faili:Stade Général Lansana Conté de Nongo 04.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Guinea]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Conakry| ]] prm0x1xs9mub8xow9w4r5rpfodspemx 1237975 1237952 2022-08-02T06:18:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Conakry |picha_ya_satelite = |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Guinea]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |website = }} [[Picha:Guinea.png|thumb|right|250px|Conakry katika Guinea.]] [[Faili:Entre principal du palais du peuple conakry.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Jumba la Watu mjini Conakry]] [[Faili:Stade Général Lansana Conté de Nongo 04.jpg|left|thumb|Uwanja wa michezo Lansana Conte.]] '''Conakry''' (pia: Konakry) ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Guinea]] wenye wakazi 2,000,000 (mwaka 2002). Mji una [[bandari]] mwambaoni wa [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. == Historia == Chanzo cha Conakry ni kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha Tombo kilicho karibu sana na [[rasi]] ya [[Kaloum]]. Mji ulianzishwa baada ya kisiwa hicho kuhamishwa kutoka utawala wa [[Uingereza]] kwenda chini ya [[Ufaransa]]. Wafaransa waliunganisha mwaka 1887 vijiji vinne vya Conakry, Boulbinet, Krutown na Tombo. Mwaka 1889 Conakry ilikuwa makao makuu ya utawala wa koloni ya « Mito ya Kusini (Rivières du Sud) » na tangu 1891 ya Guinea ya Kifaransa ikakua kwa sababu ya bandari yake hasa baada ya kujengwa kwa reli kwenda Kankan. == Conakry leo == Leo kisiwa cha Tumbo kimeunganishwa na rasi ya Kaloum kwa [[barabara]]. Mji umeenea kufunika rasi yote. Kuna beledi tano mjini ambayo ni Kaloum (kitovu cha mji), Dixinn (penye chuo kikuu na balozi nyingi), Ratoma (penye vilabu na mabaa), Matam na Matoto penye uwanja wa ndege wa Gbessia. Mahali pa kuangaliwa ni makumbusho ya kitaifa, masoko, jengo la Jumba la Watu, msikiti mkuu na visiwa vya Los. [[Jamii:Miji ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Guinea]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Conakry| ]] 80kjabqwjvb12yh454jct1v0ckd4bd3 Bariadi 0 6915 1237993 1179728 2022-08-02T06:45:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Maandishi yaliyokuwepo yalichukuliwa nafasi na ''''Bariadi''' ni [[jina]] la: *[[Bariadi (kata)]] *[[Bariadi (mji)]] *[[Wilaya ya Bariadi Vijijini]] {{maana}}' wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bariadi''' ni [[jina]] la: *[[Bariadi (kata)]] *[[Bariadi (mji)]] *[[Wilaya ya Bariadi Vijijini]] {{maana}} t6zu1dyohzedtb4vhylywknwcl5y5ch Kigezo:Afrikamap 10 7297 1237845 443679 2022-08-01T13:23:00Z Nairobi123 9809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Image label begin|image=BlankMap-Africa.png|width={{{width|400}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.29|y=0.125|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Algeria|Aljeria]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.28|y=0.3975|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Togo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.3025|y=0.375|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Benin]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.2375|y=0.4775|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Guinea ya Ikweta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.4925|y=0.295|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Chadi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.6175|y=0.1275|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Misri]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.7375|y=0.385|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Uhabeshi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.745|y=0.2925|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Eritrea]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.0|y=0.28|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Cabo Verde|<span style="line-height: 13px;">Cabo<sup>*</sup><br/>Verde</span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.4775|y=0.1375|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Libya]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.245|y=0.275|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Mali]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.245|y=0.4325|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Ghana]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.1875|y=0.385|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Kodivaa]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.245|y=0.3275|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Burkina Faso|Burkina<br/>Faso]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.09|y=0.2425|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Mauritania]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.15|y=0.07|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Moroko]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.12|y=0.515|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Sao Tome na Principe|<span style="line-height: 11pt;">Sao Tome na Principe<sup>*</sup></span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.385|y=0.2695|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Niger|Nijeri]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.385|y=0.515|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Gabon]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.365|y=0.365|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Nigeria|Naijeria]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.455|y=0.49|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Jamhuri ya Kongo|Kongo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.82|y=0.4325|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Somalia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.4925|y=0.9185|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Afrika Kusini]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.44|y=0.7825|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Namibia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.6175|y=0.3025|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Sudan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.035|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Tunisia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.0575|y=0.15|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Sahara ya Magharibi|Sahara<br/>ya Magharibi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.07|y=0.295|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Senegal]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.1275|y=0.3195|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Gambia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.0225|y=0.34|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Guinea Bisau|Guinea<br/>Bisau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.1275|y=0.36|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Guinea]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.125|y=0.43|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Liberia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.775|y=0.7725|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Madagaska]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.4925|y=0.415|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati|Jamhuri ya<br/>Afrika ya Kati]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.7295|y=0.49|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Kenya]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.645|y=0.4775|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Uganda]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.6875|y=0.585|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Tanzania]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.6675|y=0.55|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Burundi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.675|y=0.525|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Rwanda]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.640|y=0.415|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Sudan Kusini|Sudan<br/>Kusini]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.47|y=0.66|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Angola]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.045|y=0.715|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Saint Helena|<span style="line-height: 11pt;">Saint Helena (UK)<sup>*</sup></span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.435|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Kamerun]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.08|y=0.385|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Sierra Leone|Sierra<br/>Leone]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.645|y=0.90|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Lesoto]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.585|y=0.69|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Zambia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.5975|y=0.7475|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Zimbabwe]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.5385|y=0.795|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Botswana]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.9125|y=0.76|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Morisi|Morisi*]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.89|y=0.7975|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Réunion|Réunion*]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.82|y=0.655|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Komori|*Komori]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.8625|y=0.6175|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Shelisheli]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.5165|y=0.5195|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Jamhuri ya<br/>Kidemokrasia<br/>ya Kongo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.68|y=0.8525|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Uswazi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.7025|y=0.735|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Msumbiji]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.68|y=0.67|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Malawi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.8225|y=0.3395|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Jibuti]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.01|y=0.045|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Atlantiki|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Bahari ya<br/>Atlantiki</span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.1625|y=0.6075|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Atlantiki|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Bahari ya<br/>Atlantiki</span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.9125|y=0.5375|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Bahari ya Hindi|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Bahari<br/>ya Hindi</font></span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.115|y=0.01|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar</span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.455|y=0.0235|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Bahari ya Mediteranea|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Bahari ya Mediteranea</span>]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.725|y=0.1975|scale={{{width|400}}}|text=[[Bahari ya Shamu|<span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Bahari<br/>ya Shamu</span>]]}} {{Image label end}} <noinclude> [[Jamii:Afrika|*]] [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Afrika]] </noinclude> di1ksl22jd003v3cdpqmr5ta2sji4cf Msenge 0 10153 1238141 1236847 2022-08-02T11:49:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Msenge''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: [[:simple:Transgender|Transgender]]) ni aina ya [[watu]] ambao hujisikia, hujifikiria na kujiona au kujiigiza tofauti na [[jinsia]] zao za kuzaliwa nazo<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/restoring-america/courage-strength-optimism/the-science-behind-gender-ideology-is-bunk?inf_contact_key=5abbd48be3010479e456fd743760b06cf651f238aa2edbb9c8b7cff03e0b16a0</ref>. [[Kundi]] hili dogo hujumlisha watu wanaokusudia [[Tendo la ndoa|kujamiana]] sawa na wengine, yaani [[mume]] na [[mke]], lakini wao ni [[mwanamume]] kwa mwanamume na kujidai kuwa sawa na wenzao ilhali si sawa na wenzao. Wasenge wengi ni [[mashoga]] ambao huona kwamba jinsia waliyozaliwa nayo si sahihi, hivyo wanadai kutambulika katika [[jamii]] kwa jinsi wanavyojisikia, kwa mfano waweze kutumia [[Choo|vyoo]] vya jinsia wanayoipenda, kushiriki [[michezo]] ya jinsia wanayotaka na kufungwa [[gereza|gerezani]] pamoja na watu wa jinsia wanayojisikia ingawa sivyo walivyo<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2021/06/24/poll-voters-hate-the-equality-act-when-they-hear-what-it-actually-does/?inf_contact_key=cc4291bcdec480a3b5378486f91fce9b4dfbc39d7283b2cb89d5189540b69330</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/05/31/rights-of-transgender-rapists-being-prioritised-over-women-and-victims-report/?inf_contact_key=06a622a83ca0ece0b35a02c3e99e14d41b0a3f0fd3ee5d9b43fb34c6613498d7</ref>. Pia kuna wale wanaoitwa kwa Kiingereza [[:simple:Transsexual|Transsexual]]: hawa ni miongoni mwa watu waliozaliwa na jinsia ya kiume wakataka wafanyiwe [[upasuaji]] ili wawe kama [[wanawake]] au kinyume chake. Mara nyingi wanaume ndio hutaka kuwa na viungo kama vya kike. Hata hivyo hadi sasa jinsia haiwezi kubadilishwa. Upasuaji katika viungo vya uzazi unaishia upande wa nje bila kubadili wala kuathiri [[DNA]] ya mhusika <ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/restoring-america/community-family/transgenderisms-lies-have-a-cost?inf_contact_key=85dbb5dbad3a2d09d53b67d7734f91e6cc0558ed5d4c28cbfab114022b1ec50d</ref><ref>https://townhall.com/columnists/armstrongwilliams/2022/04/21/biological-sex-isnt-up-for-debate-n2606122?inf_contact_key=2f31b53ada49cfa4ed96319e6198f3bb4dfbc39d7283b2cb89d5189540b69330</ref><ref>Pope Benedict XVI denounced gender studies, warning that it blurs the distinction between male and female and could thus lead to the "self-destruction" of the human race. He warned against the manipulation that takes place in national and international forums when the term "gender" is altered. "What is often expressed and understood by the term 'gender,' is definitively resolved in the self-emancipation of the human being from creation and the Creator", he warned. "Man wants to create himself, and to decide always and exclusively on his own about what concerns him." The Pontiff said this is humanity living "against truth, against the creating Spirit". Taz. [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20190202_maschio-e-femmina_en.pdf Hati ya Idara ya Malezi ya Kikatoliki kuhusu Jinsia] All the same, the Roman Catholic Church has been involved in the outreach to LBGT community for several years and continues doing so in a variety of ways such as through Franciscan urban outreach centers, namely, the "Open Hearts" outreach in Hartford, CT.</ref><ref>https://www.spectator.com.au/2022/07/uk-the-tide-turns-in-favour-of-women/?inf_contact_key=e966ab69b26518a2e8b064b7d172db2109c74070ac2bf3cfa7869e3cfd4ff832</ref>. Wasenge huwa wanafariki [[dunia]] mapema kuliko watu wengine, pengine kwa [[kujiua]], na si tu kwa sababu ya kubaguliwa katika baadhi ya mazingira <ref>https://www.hcplive.com/view/mortality-rate-higher-transgender-people</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2021/09/07/study-transgender-twice-likely-die-than-no-gender-dysphoria/?inf_contact_key=84ea09711f8567840660e6883773a33bcc0558ed5d4c28cbfab114022b1ec50d</ref><ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/06/13/study-connects-jump-in-youth-suicide-with-transgender-treatments-lack-of-parental-consent/?inf_contact_key=52c5d855ea18910d25fdd65d9dc7222b4dfbc39d7283b2cb89d5189540b69330</ref><ref>https://www.heritage.org/gender/report/puberty-blockers-cross-sex-hormones-and-youth-suicide?inf_contact_key=86b22e8dd681576dcc0588920cc6f65d842e902fbefb79ab9abae13bfcb46658</ref>. Kadiri wasenge wanavyoongezeka, wanazidi kupatikana pia wanaojuta hatua walizochukua kujibadilisha<ref>Vandenbussche, Elie (2021-04-30). "Detransition-Related Needs and Support: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey". Journal of Homosexuality: 1–19. doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1919479. ISSN 1540-3602. PMID 33929297. S2CID 233459164. “The most common reported reason for detransitioning was realized that my gender dysphoria was related to other issues (70%). The second one was health concerns (62%), followed by transition did not help my dysphoria (50%), found alternatives to deal with my dysphoria (45%), unhappy with the social changes (44%), and change in political views (43%). At the very bottom of the list are: lack of support from social surroundings (13%), financial concerns (12%) and discrimination (10%) (see Figure 1).”</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2022/04/22/new-york-times-admits-experimenting-on-trans-kids-has-horrifying-irreversible-consequences/?inf_contact_key=a633a20ae73514fffdaed35f1138abec16358d5485884e2f31e6019a0d26c8b0</ref> na wanaolaumu waliowashauri vibaya <ref>https://www.christian.org.uk/news/detransitioner-the-internet-influences-young-people-to-believe-they-are-trans/?inf_contact_key=2cbe5a484b658310f13b4d12dcac1548d18a532c4142cb79caf2b269de1401fa</ref><ref>https://bioedge.org/featured/trans-narrative-under-fire-in-sweden/?inf_contact_key=1dde33ce1018ec1cfb5609705a02583e1b0a3f0fd3ee5d9b43fb34c6613498d7</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/restoring-america/patriotism-unity/how-i-was-trapped-by-gender-ideology?inf_contact_key=29cecfa416e4edd34cce67dc346fdc16b7af0999dac2af6212784c39e05d2aef</ref><ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/detransitioner-tells-all-in-horrifying-account-of-what-gender-affirmation-really-means/?inf_contact_key=a28629619b5d284fa10d2bd9b221e534f651f238aa2edbb9c8b7cff03e0b16a0</ref><ref>https://mercatornet.com/chloe-cole-gender-transition/80073/?inf_contact_key=951eb98f391dd8eed1f27ffb9427625716358d5485884e2f31e6019a0d26c8b0</ref>, hasa waliopewa haraka [[dawa za kuzuia ubalehe]] na hatimaye kufanyiwa upasuaji <ref>https://bioedge.org/featured/are-children-capable-of-giving-informed-consent-to-puberty-blockers/?inf_contact_key=77fd2362e31e73cca0274fb6015104d87e470d92b8b75168d98a0b8cac0e9c09</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/07/31/transgender-clinic-prescribed-puberty-blockers-to-children-after-one-meeting-report/?inf_contact_key=b0e53cb91174a9f0bd3b6c000041d676b7af0999dac2af6212784c39e05d2aef</ref>. Baadhi wamefungua kesi dhidi yao <ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/youtube-censors-tucker-carlson-interview-with-woman-who-experienced-fallout-of-trans-dogma/</ref> na kulazimisha wenye [[mamlaka]] katika nchi mbalimbali kuchukua hatua <ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/fda-adds-warning-label-to-puberty-blockers-after-report-shows-serious-side-effects/</ref><ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/fda-officials-warn-of-brain-swelling-vision-loss-in-minors-using-puberty-blockers?inf_contact_key=5767e8a1b0de0dec6113515d48961e50842e902fbefb79ab9abae13bfcb46658</ref><ref>https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2022/july/not-safe-britains-tavistock-sex-change-clinic-for-children-closed-after-damning-report?inf_contact_key=655fffc2ab1dbe55f38031b75db7e6c7cc0558ed5d4c28cbfab114022b1ec50d</ref><ref>https://mercatornet.com/the-uks-transgender-castle-comes-tumbling-down/80134/?inf_contact_key=60c3b9c659a75f42423164931b19827609c74070ac2bf3cfa7869e3cfd4ff832</ref><ref>https://www.commonsense.news/p/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-gender?inf_contact_key=a26075592f96e4fbf31828ab720e56abb7af0999dac2af6212784c39e05d2aef&triedSigningIn=true</ref><ref>https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/8c0567ae-0ea6-11ed-a4af-79eb4b98fc31?shareToken=4c9eedb2b0768afd98bb557f0a2d879a&inf_contact_key=f07c6bdbcfd7e16e42f5adeb74c2d478cc0558ed5d4c28cbfab114022b1ec50d</ref><ref>https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a8875ebe-0f73-11ed-93cf-b011fa7fe86b?shareToken=09f3ecefc46052d35d2da037da4b17c4&inf_contact_key=1933659e2fb3b2efad0b43364bda830ff651f238aa2edbb9c8b7cff03e0b16a0</ref>. Wengine kati yao wanalaumu uhamasishaji wa ushoga katika jamii<ref>https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2022/05/23/transsexual-activist-slams-transgender-indoctrination-on-children-n2607651?inf_contact_key=304d6edd55c386ddbd30e74277fd8249d18a532c4142cb79caf2b269de1401fa</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20190202_maschio-e-femmina_en.pdf Hati ya Idara ya Malezi ya Kikatoliki kuhusu Jinsia] * [https://www.persuasion.community/p/keira-bell-my-story?inf_contact_key=489c48e0a8d5a7a99a8ed4932c7f4983d18a532c4142cb79caf2b269de1401fa Keria Bell akieleza alivyojuta kujaribu kuwa mwanamume] * [https://www.womensforumaustralia.org/uk_court_of_appeal_overturns_decision_restricting_puberty_blockers_for_under_16s Kesi ya Keria Bell inavyoendelea] * [https://www.christianpost.com/news/trans-doctor-warns-against-puberty-blockers-for-kids.html?inf_contact_key=ea3c4c24b2413d6b2ffb850df508b95f842e902fbefb79ab9abae13bfcb46658 Madaktari wasenge wanatoa angalisho kuhusu dawa za kuzuia watoto wasibalehe] * [https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-04-12/a-transgender-psychologist-reckons-with-how-to-support-a-new-generation-of-trans-teens Mwanasaikolojia msenge anachunguza sababu za mlipuko wa watoto na vijana wanaoomba msaada wa kujibadilisha] * [http://www.ifge.org/ International Foundation for Gender Education] * [http://www.hbigda.org/ HBIGDA] * [http://www.pfc.org.uk/ Press For Change] * [http://www.nctequality.org/ National Center for Transgender Equality] * [http://www.gender.org/remember/ Remembering Our Dead] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gender.org/remember/ |date=20141129043944 }} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Jinsia]] [[Jamii:Saikolojia]] 4rp8bxb4nhfln608intq72xjcaotqx8 Dr. Dre 0 13414 1238111 1228880 2022-08-02T11:01:26Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = Dr. Dre |Img =Dr. Dre in 2011.jpg |Img_capt = Dr. Dre mnamo 2011 |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Andre Romelle Young |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1965|2|18|df=yes}} |Amekufa = |Asili yake = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[Marekani]] |Ala = [[Sauti]], [[synthesizer]], [[Kinanda]], [[fonografia]], [[mashine ya ngoma]] |Aina = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]], [[West Coast hip hop]], [[Electronic rap]], [[Gangsta funk]], [[Gangsta rap]] |Kazi yake = [[Rapa]], [[mtayarishaji wa rekodi]] |Miaka ya kazi = 1984–hadi leo |Studio = [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[Ruthless Records|Ruthless]], [[Priority Records|Priority]], [[Death Row Records|Death Row]], [[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]], [[Interscope]] |Ameshirikiana na= [[Eazy E]], [[Ice Cube]], [[The D.O.C]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[N.W.A]], [[Tupac Shakur|2Pac]], [[Eminem]], [[50 Cent]], [[The Game]], [[Shade Sheist]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Xzibit]], [[Royce Da 5'9"]], [[Jay-Z]], [[Nas]], [[Blackstreet]], [[Stat Quo]], [[Bishop Lamont]], [[MC Ren]], Obie Trice |Tovuti = [http://www.dre2001.com Dre2001.com] }} '''Andre Romelle Young''' (alizaliwa tar. [[18 Februari]] [[1965]]) ni [[mtayarishaji wa rekodi]], [[rapa]], na mmiliki wa studio ya rekodi za muizki kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Dr. Dre'''. Dre ni mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa sasa [[Aftermath Entertainment]] na mmiliki mshiriki-msanii wa zamani wa studio ya [[Death Row Records]], na pia kutayarisha albamu kadhaa kwa ajili yake na wasanii wengine kadhaa wa rekodi hiyo kama vile [[Snoop Dogg]] na [[Eminem]]. Akiwa kama mtayarishaji, amejipatia sifa sana kwa kuukuza muziki wa [[West Coast hip hop|West Coast]] [[G-funk]], staili ya muziki wa rap unaotengenezwa na [[synthesizer]]-yenye ya taratibu, na mdundo wa nguvu. Dr.&nbsp;Dre alianza shughuli za muiki akiwa kama mmoja kati ya wanamchama wa kundi la muziki la [[World Class Wreckin' Cru]] na kisha baadaye akaanzisha kundi lenye athira kubwa ya [[gangsta rap]] la [[N.W.A]], ambayo ilivuma sana kwa mashairi yake mazito yenye kutaja maisha ya kiharifu na mtaani kwa ujumla.<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web|last=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|title=Dr. Dre - Biography|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dr-dre-p26119|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|year=2000|accessdate=2007-09-22}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1992, alitoa albamu kama msanii wa kujitegemea. Na albamu ilikwenda kwa jina la ''[[The Chronic]]'', ilitolewa ikiwa chini ya Death Row Records, na kumpelekea kuwa mmoja katia ya wasanii waliouza rekodi bora za muziki wa Marekani kwa mwaka wa 1993<ref name="pop life">{{cite news|last=Holden|first=Stephen|title=The Pop Life|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9905E3D61231F931A25752C0A962958260&scp=22&sq=%22Dr.+Dre%22&st=nyt|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1994-01-14|accessdate=2008-03-03}}</ref> na kushinda [[Tuzo ya Grammy]] kwa ajili ya single ya "[[Let Me Ride]]". Mnamo mwaka wa 1996, aliondoka Death Row na kwenda kuanzisha studio yake mwenyewe ya Aftermath Entertainment, na kutoa albamu ya mchanganyiko ya ''[[Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath]]'', kunako 1996, na ksiha baadaye akatoa albamu yake nyingine iliyokwendwa kwa jina la ''[[2001 (albamu)|2001]]'', kunako 1999, ambayo ili mfanya ashinde Tuzo ya Grammy akiwa kama mtayarisha bora. Kunako miaka ya 2000, aliekeza shughuli zake za utayarishaji wa muziki kwa wasanii wengine, wakati muda huo akawa anashiriki katika kutia sauti kwenye baadhi ya nyimbo za wasanii wengine. ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wamemwita ni mmoja kati ya wasanii waliolipwa pesa nyingi sana kwa mwaka wa 2001<ref name="wealth 2001">{{cite web|last=LaFranco|first=Robert|coauthors=Binelli, Mark; Goodman, Fred|title=U2, Dre Highest Earning Artists|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5933378/u2_dre_highest_earning_artists|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=2002-06-13|accessdate=2006-12-08|archivedate=2008-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222024659/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5933378/u2_dre_highest_earning_artists|=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222024659/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5933378/u2_dre_highest_earning_artists}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5933378/u2_dre_highest_earning_artists |date=20080222024659 }}</ref> na 2004.<ref name="wealth 2004">{{cite web|last=LaFranco|first=Robert|title=Money Makers|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6959138/money_makers/print|date=2005-02-10|accessdate=2006-12-08|archivedate=2008-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402071008/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6959138/money_makers/print|=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402071008/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6959138/money_makers/print}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6959138/money_makers/print |date=20080402071008 }}</ref> Dr.&nbsp;Dre also had acting roles in the 2001 films ''[[The Wash (film)|The Wash]]'' and ''[[Training Day]]''.<ref name="hip hop musical">{{cite news|last=Moss|first= Corey|title=Dr. Dre's Final Album Will Be Hip-Hop Musical |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1453255/20020403/dr_dre.jhtml |work=MTV News|date=2002-04-03|accessdate=2007-08-09}}</ref> == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali === Alizaliwa akiwa kama mtoto wa kwanza wa Verna na Theodore Young, Dr.&nbsp;Dre alizaliwa na jina la André Romelle Young mnamo tar. [[18 Februari]] [[1965]], wakati mama yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. Ameolewa na baba yake, Theodore Young, baada ya kuzaliwa kwake. Jina lake la kati, "Romelle," linatoka katika jina la Theodore Young, ambalo ni jina la kundi la kuimba muziki wa R&B wa lidhaa, The Romells. Mnamo mwaka wa 1968 mama yake akatarikiwa na Theodore Young na kisha baadaye akaja kuoelewa na Curtis Crayon. Kwa pamoja wakaja kuzaa tena mitoto mitatu, wawili wa kiume Jerome na Tyree (wote wamefariki) na binti mmoja aliyeitwa Shameka. Mnamo mwaka wa 1976 Young akapata kujiunga na shule ya Vanguard Junior High School, lakini kwa kufuatia vurugu, fujo na uhuni uliojaa katika shule ya Vanguard, akahamishwa katika kitongoji kilichosalama kabisa katika shule ya Roosevelt Junior High School.<ref>{{harvnb|Ro|2007|p=9}}</ref> Baadaye Verna akajakuolewa na Warren Griffin, ambaye alikutana naye katika eneo la kazi yake mpya huko Long Beach,<ref>{{harvnb|Ro|2007|p=10}}</ref> ambaye yeye ndiye aliongeza madada wengine watu na mkaka mmoja katika familia. Huyo ndugu wa kiume, Warren Griffin III, ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa na rapa na kujiita [[Warren G]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Kenyatta|2000|p=14}}</ref> Young alielekeza zake tena katika shule ya Centennial High School ya mjini Compton wakati wa ujana wake mnamo mwaka wa 1979, lakini alihamisha katika shule ya Fremont High School kwa kufuatia viwango vidogo. Young akathubutu kujiandikisha katika kampuni moja iitwayo Northrop Aviation Company kwa mpango wa kujiendeleza kivitendo, lakini viwango vidogo vya shuleni vimefanya awe hafai. Baada ya hapo, akaamua kulenga maisha yake ya kijamii katika masuala ya burudani kwa ajili ya maisha yake ya shule.<ref>{{harvnb|Ro|2007|p=2}}</ref> Young akapata mtoto wa kiume, Curtis, aliyezaliwa tar. [[15 Desemba]] [[1981]], na Lisa Johnson. Curtis Young alilelewa na mama yake na hajaonana na baba yake hadi Curtis alipokuja kuwa rapa akiwa na umri wa miaka 20 hapo baadaye, akiwa na jina la kisanii la Hood Surgeon.<ref>{{harvnb|Ro|2007|p=11}}</ref> == Muziki == === Albamu === ===Albamu za studio=== * ''[[The Chronic]]'' (1992) * ''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]'' (1999) * ''[[Compton (album)|Compton]]'' (2015) ===Albamu za filamu=== * ''[[The Wash (soundtrack)|The Wash]]'' (2001) ===Albamu za ushirikiano=== '''akishirikiana na World Class Wreckin' Cru''' * ''[[World Class]]'' (1985) * ''[[Rapped in Romance]]'' (1986) '''akishirikiana na N.W.A.''' * ''[[N.W.A. and the Posse]]'' (1987) * ''[[Straight Outta Compton]]'' (1988) * ''[[100 Miles and Runnin']]'' (1990) * ''[[Niggaz4Life]]'' (1991) ==Tuzo na mapendekezo== ===[[Tuzo za Grammy]]=== Dr. Dre ameshinda Tuzo za Grammy mara sita. Tatu kati ya hizo ni kwa kazi yake ya utayarishaji.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=dr.+dre&title=&year=All&genre=All|title=Past Winners Search – Dr. Dre|publisher=Grammy.com|accessdate=February 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=andre+young&title=&year=All&genre=All|title=Past Winners Search – Andre Young|publisher=Grammy.com|accessdate=February 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/index.htm |title=Grammy Awards History |publisher=Rock On The Net |date= |accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- |align=center|[[33rd Annual Grammy Awards|1990]] |"[[We're All in the Same Gang]]" |rowspan="2"| [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 1994|1994]] |"[[Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang]]" <small>(with [[Snoop Dogg|Snoop Doggy Dogg]])</small> |{{nom}} |- |"[[Let Me Ride]]" |rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance|Best Rap Solo Performance]] |{{won}} |- |align=center|[[Grammy Awards of 1996|1996]] |"[[Keep Their Heads Ringin']]" |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[Grammy Awards of 1997|1997]] |"[[California Love]]" <small>(with [[Tupac Shakur|2Pac]] & [[Roger Troutman]])</small> |Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group |{{nom}} |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 1998|1998]] ||"[[No Diggity]]" <small>(with [[Blackstreet]] & [[Queen Pen]])</small> |[[Grammy Award for Best R&B Song|Best R&B Song]] |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2000|2000]] |"[[Still D.R.E.]]" <small>(with [[Snoop Dogg]])</small> |rowspan="4"|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group |{{nom}} |- |"[[Guilty Conscience (song)|Guilty Conscience]]" <small>(with [[Eminem]])</small> |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2001|2001]] |"[[Forgot About Dre]]" <small>(with Eminem)</small> |{{won}} |- |"[[The Next Episode]]" <small>(with Snoop Dogg, [[Kurupt]] & [[Nate Dogg]])</small> |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2"|''[[The Marshall Mathers LP]]'' <small>(as engineer)</small> |[[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Album|Best Rap Album]] |{{won}} |- |''[[2001 (Dr. Dre album)|2001]]'' |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="3"|Himself |rowspan="3"|[[Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical|Producer of the Year, Non-Classical]] |{{won}} |- |align=center|[[Grammy Awards of 2002|2002]] |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2003|2003]] |{{nom}} |- |"[[The Knoc|Knoc]]" <small>(with [[Knoc-turn'al]] & [[Missy Elliott]])</small> |[[Grammy Award for Best Music Video|Best Music Video, Short Form]] |{{nom}} |- |''[[The Eminem Show]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> |Album of the Year |{{nom}} |- |style="text-align:center;"|[[46th Annual Grammy Awards|2004]] |"[[In da Club]]" <small>(as songwriter)</small> |[[Grammy Award for Best Rap Song|Best Rap Song]] |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2006|2006]] |''[[Love. Angel. Music. Baby.]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> |Album of the Year |{{nom}} |- |"[[Encore (Eminem song)|Encore]]" <small>(with Eminem & [[50 Cent]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2010|2010]] |"[[Crack a Bottle]]" <small>(with Eminem & [[50 Cent]])</small> |{{won}} |- |''[[Relapse (Eminem album)|Relapse]]'' <small>(as engineer)</small> |Best Rap Album |{{won}} |- |style="text-align:center;"|[[53rd Annual Grammy Awards|2011]] |''[[Recovery (Eminem album)|Recovery]]'' <small>(as producer)</small> |Album of the Year |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[Grammy Awards of 2012|2012]] |rowspan="2"|"[[I Need a Doctor]]" <small>(with Eminem & [[Skylar Grey]])</small> |[[Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration|Best Rap/Sung Collaboration]] |{{nom}} |- |Best Rap Song |{{nom}} |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[56th Annual Grammy Awards|2014]] |''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|good kid, m.A.A.d city]]'' <small>(as featured artist)</small> |Album of the Year |{{nom}} |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[58th Annual Grammy Awards|2016]] |''[[Compton (album)|Compton]]'' |Best Rap Album |{{nom}} |- | style="text-align:center;"|[[59th Annual Grammy Awards|2017]] |''[[Straight Outta Compton: Music from the Motion Picture|Straight Outta Compton]]'' | [[Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media|Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media]] |{{nom}} |- {{end}} ===[[MTV Video Music Award]]s=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Mwaka !Kazi iliyopendekezwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |align=center|[[1993 MTV Video Music Awards|1993]] |"Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" |rowspan="4"|[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video|Best Rap Video]] |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[1994 MTV Video Music Awards|1994]] |"Let Me Ride" |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[1995 MTV Video Music Awards|1995]] |"Keep Their Heads Ringin'" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[1997 MTV Video Music Awards|1997]] | rowspan="2"|"Been There, Done That" |{{nom}} |- |[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography in a Video]] |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|[[1999 MTV Video Music Awards|1999]] |"My Name Is" |[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]] |{{nom}} |- |"Guilty Conscience" |[[MTV Video Music Award – Breakthrough Video|Breakthrough Video]] |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[2000 MTV Video Music Awards|2000]] |"The Real Slim Shady" |[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction|Best Direction in a Video]] |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[2000 MTV Video Music Awards|2000]] |"Forgot About Dre" |[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video|Best Rap Video]] |{{won}} |- |align=center|[[2001 MTV Video Music Awards|2001]] |"Stan" |[[MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction|Best Direction in a Video]] |{{nom}} |- |align=center|[[2009 MTV Video Music Awards|2009]] |"Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" |Best Video (That Should Have Won a Moonman) |{{nom}} |} ==Filamu== {| class="wikitable" |+ Films ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Nafasi ! Maelezo |- | 1992 | ''[[Niggaz4Life: The Only Home Video]]'' | Himself | Documentary |- | 1996 | ''[[Set It Off (film)|Set It Off]]'' | Black Sam | Minor Role |- | 1999 | ''Whiteboyz'' | Don Flip Crew #1 | Minor Role |- | 2000 | ''[[Up In Smoke Tour]]'' | Himself | Concert Film |- | 2001 | ''[[Training Day]]'' | Paul | Minor Role |- | 2001 |''[[The Wash (2001 film)|The Wash]]'' | Sean | Main Role |- | 2015 | ''[[Unity (film)|Unity]]''<ref>{{cite web|author1=Dave McNary|title=Documentary 'Unity' Set for Aug. 12 Release with 100 Star Narrators|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/documentary-unity-set-for-aug-12-release-with-100-star-narrators-1201477200/|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=May 1, 2015|date=April 22, 2015}}</ref> | Narrator | Documentary |- | 2017 | ''[[The Defiant Ones (documentary)|The Defiant Ones]]''<ref>{{IMDb title|6958022|The Defiant Ones}}</ref> | Himself | Documentary |} {|class="wikitable" |+ Michezo ya video |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Nafasi ! Maelezo |- | 2005 | ''[[50 Cent: Bulletproof]]'' | Grizz | Voice role and likeness |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Filamu za wasifu |- ! Mwaka !! Jina !! Mwigizaji !! Maelezo |- | | 2015 || ''[[Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)|Straight Outta Compton]]'' || [[Corey Hawkins]] || Biographical film about [[N.W.A]] |- | | 2016 || ''Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le'' || Chris Hamilton || Biographical film about [[Michel'le]] |- |rowspan="2"|2017 | ''DPG 4 Life: Tha Movie'' || Curtis Young<ref>{{cite web|title="DPG 4 Life" Movie Cast Released |url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.35403/title.dpg-4-life-movie-cast-released |publisher=hiphopdx.com}}</ref> || Biographical film about [[Tha Dogg Pound]] |- | ''[[All Eyez on Me (film)|All Eyez on Me]]'' || Harold Moore<ref>{{cite web |title=Harold House Moore plays to Dr. Dre in All Eyez on Me |url=http://www.lamanagement.co/harold-house-moore-plays-dr-dre-in-all-eyez-on-me/ |publisher=www.lamanagement.co |access-date=February 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084516/http://www.lamanagement.co/harold-house-moore-plays-dr-dre-in-all-eyez-on-me/ |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all |accessdate=2019-06-17 |archivedate=2016-03-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305084516/http://www.lamanagement.co/harold-house-moore-plays-dr-dre-in-all-eyez-on-me/ }}</ref> || Biographical film about [[Tupac Shakur]] |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.dre2001.com Tovuti rasi] * {{IMDb name|id=0236564|name=Dr. Dre}} * [http://ifihavent.wordpress.com/2007/01/20/moving-target-dr-dre-feature-in-the-source-1992/ Moving Target : article in The Source] by Ronin Ro, Novemba 1992 * [http://www.detox-drdre.com/ Blogu rasmi ya ''Detox''] * [http://www.beatsbydre.com Beats by Dr. Dre] tovuti rasmi * {{IMDb name|0236564}} {{Dr. Dre}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dr Dre}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa N.W.A.]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Los Angeles]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] omr9b3dsyua08sj37k6j7evvhxsyvro 50 Cent 0 13646 1238109 1195014 2022-08-02T10:58:03Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | Jina = 50 Cent | Img = 50 Cent (Cropped).jpg | Img_capt = 50 Cent, mnamo 2006 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Curtis James Jackson III | Pia anajulikana kama = | Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1975|6|6|df=yes}} | Amekufa = | Asili yake = [[New York|Queens, New York]] [[Marekani]] | Ala = | Aina ya sauti = | Aina = Hip hop | Kazi yake = Rapa<br />Mwigizaji<br />Mtayarishaji | Mika ya kazi = 1998&nbsp; | Studio = [[Jam Master Jay Records]]<br /> [[Columbia Records]]<br /> [[Aftermath Records]]<br /> [[G-Unit Records]]<br /> [[Interscope Records]]<br /> [[Shady Records]]<br /> [[Violator Records]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[G-Unit]]<br /> [[Eminem]]<br /> [[Dr. Dre]]<br /> [[Mobb Deep]]<br /> [[Sha Money XL]] | Tovuti = [http://www.50cent.com/ 50cent.com] }} '''Curtis James Jackson III''' (amezaliwa tar. [[6 Juni]] [[1975]]) ni mwanamuziki wa rap-hip hop, mwigizaji na mtayarishaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''50 Cent'''. Ameanza kupata umaarufu zaidi baada ya kutoa albamu yake ya "[[Get Rich or Die Tryin (albamu)|Get Rich or Die Tryin]]" na '[[The Massacre]]'. 50 Cent amepata Plantinam nyingi na mafanikio makubwa katika albamu zake mbili, aliuza nakala zaidi ya Mil. 21 kwa hesabu ya dunia nzima. == Masha ya awali na muziki == 50 Cent alizaliwa mjini [[South Jamaica]], Queens ndani ya [[New York]], [[Marekani]]. 50 Cent ameanza kujishughulisha na masuala ya uuzaji wa dawa za kulevya toka akiwa na umri wa miaka 12, hiyo ilikuwa kwenye miaka ya '80', akiwa anajushughulisha na masuala ya uuzaji wa dawa za kulevya. 50 Cent pia akawa anajaribu kidogo masuala ya muziki wa rap na hip hop. 50 Cent alipigwa risasi tisa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2000]]. Kadri miaka inavyozidi kwenda 50 Cent akabahatika kutoa tepu ya nyimbo mchanganyiko ilyokuwa inaitwa "''Guess Who's Back?''" mnamo [[mwaka]] wa [[2002]]. 50 Cent aligunduliwa kipaji chake na mwanamuziki '[[Eminem]]' na kumwingiza katika studio ya [[Interscope Records]] kwa msaada wa [[Eminem]] na [[Dr. Dre]], ambaye ndiye aliye tayarisha albamu ya kwanza ya 50 Cent na kumpa mafanikio makubwa katika ulimwengu wa muziki. == Studio binafsi == Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2003]] 50 Cent alianzisha Studio yake iitwayo [[G-Unit Records]], ambayo iliingiza Marapa maarufu kama vile [[Young Buck]], [[Lloyd Banks]], na [[Tony Yayo]], kitu ambacho kilipelekea kupata uhasama na chuki nzito na baadhi ya wasanii nchini [[marekani]], moja kati ya wasanii hao ni [[Ja Rule]], [[The Game]], na [[Fat Joe]]. Pia 50 Cent alikuwa akiibia masuala ya uigizaji na kuonekana kwenye baadhi ya [[filamu]] zenye kuhusu albamu yake na [[filamu]] illitwa "Get Rich or Die Tryin" na akashiriki pia kwenye [[filamu]] ya "Iraq War" na [[filamu]] ya "Home of the Brave" iliyotoka [[mwaka]] [[2006]]. == Albamu alizotoa == * 2003: ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (album)|Get Rich or Die Tryin']]'' * 2005: ''[[The Massacre]]'' * 2007: ''[[Curtis (50 Cent album)|Curtis]]'' * 2009: ''[[Before I Self Destruct]]'' == Filamu alizotoa == {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="left" ! Mwaka !! Jina la Filamu !! Jina Aliotumia !! Maelezo |- | 2003 || ''[[50 Cent: The New Breed]]'' || 50 Cent || Makala za Documentary [[DVD]] |- |rowspan="3"| 2005 || "[[Pranksta Rap]]" || 50 Cent || ''[[The Simpsons]]'' Sehemu ya 16.9 |- | ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)|Get Rich or Die Tryin']]'' || Marcus ||Toleo la Motion picture |- | ''[[50 Cent: Bulletproof]]'' || 50 Cent || [[Video game]], Sauti tu. |- | 2006 || ''[[Home of the Brave (2006 film)|Home of the Brave]]'' || Jamal Aiken || |- | 2007 || ''[[The Dance (film)|The Dance]]'' || — || |- |rowspan="3"| 2008 || ''[[The Ski Mask Way]]'' || Seven || Ipo kwenye Maandalizi |- | ''[[Righteous Kill]]'' || — || Inatengenezwa |- | ''[[Live Bet]]'' || — || |- |} == Tuzo alizopata == * [[Orodha ya Tuzo na Uteuzi wa 50 Cent]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons}} * [http://www.50cent.com Tovuti Binafsi ya 50 Cent] * [http://sessions.aol.ca/?id=507 50 Cent] {{Wayback|url=http://sessions.aol.ca/?id=507 |date=20081217204401 }} Katika AOL Sessions * [http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/50_cent/artist.jhtml 50 Cent] Katika [[:en:MTV|MTV]] {{50 Cent}} {{DEFAULTSORT:50 Cent}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:New York City]] [[Jamii:50 Cent]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] 653mowp58xoqdp317i5b3g9piz5u76m Pierce Brosnan 0 13736 1237872 955775 2022-08-01T13:51:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | picha = Pierce Brosnan Deauville 2014.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Bond kwenye Cannes Film Festival, 2002 | jina la kuzaliwa = Pierce Brendan Brosnan | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1953|5|16|df=yes}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Navan]], [[County Meath]], [[Ireland]] | kazi yake = Mwigizaji, mtayarishaji | tovuti = http://www.piercebrosnan.com/ | ndoa = [[Cassandra Harris]]<br /><small>(1977–1991) (kifo chake)</small><br />[[Keely Shaye Smith]]<br /><small>(2001–hadi leo)</small> | miaka ya kazi = 1979–hadi leo }} '''Pierce Brendan Brosnan''' (amezaliwa [[16 Mei]] [[1953]], [[Drogheda]], [[Ireland]]) ni mwigizaji [[filamu]] na [[Mtayarishaji|mtaarishaji]] wa [[Ireland|Kiireland]]-[[Marekani]]. Labda anafahamika zaidi kwa kuigiza kama '[[James Bond]]' katika [[filamu]] nne alizocheza kuanzia mwaka [[1995]] hadi [[2002]], ambazo ni ''GoldenEye'', ''Tomorrow Never Dies'', ''The World Is Not Enough'' na ''Die Another Day''. Tangu atumie jina James bond Brosnan, pia amecheza [[filamu]] zingine tofauti ikiwemo ile ya "Evelyn" na "Seraphim Falls". Pia Brosnan ana kampuni yake inayojishughulisha na maswala ya utengenezaji wa [[filamu]], moja kati ya [[filamu]] walizotengeneza ni 'Butterfly on a Wheel, Mamma Mia! na The Topkapi Affair, toka mwaka [[1999]] alivyo anza ile filamu ya The Thomas Crown Affair. == Maisha ya awali == '''Brosnan''' ni Mtoto wa pekee wa Thomas na May, alizaliwa [[Drogheda]], [[County Louth]], [[Ireland]], Brosnan alipelekwa karibu kidogo na mji wa [[Navan]], [[County Meath]] ambako huko ndiko alipo kuwa anasoma, alisoma katika shule flani ya kawaida iliyokuwa inaendeshwa na "De La Salle Brothers. Brosnan na Mama yake walihamia mjini [[London]], [[Uingereza]] kwa ajili ya kazi baada ya baba yake kuitelekeza familia yake, [[mwaka]] [[1964]], bond alivyofika umri wa miaka kumi na moja baba yake aliirudia familia yake. Kwa bahati mbaya mama yake akadai taraka, hivyo walikatarikiana na mama yake kuolewa na mzee wa kiingeza alyepigana [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] mzee William Charmichael, ambaye alimlea Bond kama mwanae wa kumzaa yeye hali ya kuwa ni mtoto wa kufikia. Charmichael alikuwa wa kwanza kumchukua brosnan na kumpeleka kutazama [[filamu]] za James Bond, [[filamu]] hiyo ilikuwa ile ya "Gold Finger". Brosnan alisoma katika shule ya 'The Elliot School' ya mjini London, baadae 'secondary modern school', Putney, ilyopo magharibi mwa mji wa London. Brosnan alikuwa na mahusiano ya karibu sana na mwalimu wake wa Jiografia wakati yupo shule anasoma. Alivyomaliza shule jina lake la utani likuwa 'Irish'. Baada ya masomo Brosnan alitamani sana kuwa msaniii na ndipo alipo anza maelekezo hayo kibiashara katika chuo cha "Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. Alivyofika umri wa miaka 16 wakala wa sarakasi alimuona Brosnan akachezea moto huku akifanya kama ana ula wakala huyo aka mkodi Brosnan. Baadae alipata mafunzo ya sanaa kwa muda wa miaka mitatu katika chuo cha "The Drama Centre" cha mjini [[London]] [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha binafsi == Brosnan alimuoa muigizaji [[filamu]] wa Ki[[australia]] "[[Cassandra Harris]]" hiyo ilikuwa mwaka [[1980]] na kumlelea watoto wake wawili, ambaye ni Charlotte,(alyezaliwa, [[1971]]) na Christopher (Aliyezaliwa, [[1972]]) kwa bahati mbaya baba yao alikuja kufa hiyo ilikuwa mnamo mwaka [[1986]]. Brosnan na Harris walizaa mtoto mmoja wa kiume aliyeitwa "Sean" (Alizaliwa, [[1983]]). Ilivyofika mwaka [[1991]] Harris alifariki dunia kwa ugonjwa wa Saratani, Miaka kumi na Moja toka waoane. Mwaka [[2001]] Brosnan akamuoa [[Mwandishi]] wa [[habari]] wa ki[[marekani]] [[Keely Shaye Smith]], Wamezaa watoto wawili wa Kiume Mmoja Dylan Thomas (Aliz. [[1997]]) na mwingine Paris Beckett (Aliz. [[2001]]). Tarehe [[23 Septemba]] [[2004]], Brosnan amekuwa raia wa [[marekani]], na kwa sasa anaishi mjini [[Malibu]], [[California]] na ana nyumba mjini [[Hawaii]] na Kaskazini mwa [[Dublin]] nchini [[Uingereza]]. == Filamu alizoigiza == * The Long Good Friday (1980) * The Mirror Crack'd (1980) * Nomads (1986) * Taffin (1987) * The Fourth Protocol (1987) * The Deceivers (1988) * Noble House (1988) * Around the World in Eighty (1989) * Mister Johnson (1990) * The Lawnmower Man (1992) * Live Wire (1992) * Mrs. Doubtfire(1993) * Death Train(1993) * Love Affair (1994) * Night Watch (1995) * GoldenEye (1995) * Mars Attacks (1996) * The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) * Robinson Crusoe The Movie (1997) * Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) * Dante's Peak (1997) * Quest for Camelot (1998) * Grey Owl (1999) * The World Is Not Enough (1999) * The Thomas Crown Affair (1999) * The Tailor of Panama (2001) * Die Another Day (2002) * Evelyn (2002) * After the Sunset (2004) * Laws of Attraction (2004) * The Matador (2005) * Seraphim Falls (2007) * Butterfly on a Wheel (2007) * Married Life (2007) * The Topkapi Affair (2008) * Mamma Mia (2008) * Caitlin (2008) * The Greatest (2009) * The Ghost Writer (2010) * Remember Me (2010) * Oceans (2010) * Salvation Boulevard (2011) * I Don't Know How She Does It (2011) * Bag of Bones (2011) * Love Is All You Need (2013) * The World's End (2013) * The Love Punch (2014) * A Long Way Dow (2014) * The November Man (2014) * Some Kind of Beautiful (2015) * Survivor (2015) * No Escape (2015) * Urge (2015) * The Moon and The Sun == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Pierce Brosnan}} * [http://www.piercebrosnan.com Tovuti Rasmi ya Pierce Brosnan] {{James Bond-Waigizaji}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brosnan, Pierce}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Eire]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tfhejul8iz4z3xwuscdqv77whkvmwtt Tia Carrere 0 14425 1237873 1154107 2022-08-01T13:52:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Tia Carrere | picha = Tia Carrere.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Tia Carrere | jina la kuzaliwa = Althea Rae Duhinio Janairo | alizaliwa = [[2 Januari]] [[1967]] <br />[[Hawaii]] | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = Mwigizaji, mwanamitindo na mwimbaji. | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = '''[http://www.tiacarrere.com Tia Carrere]''' }} '''Tia Carrere''' (Jina la kuzaliwa: Althea Rae Duhinio Janairo alizaliwa tar. [[2 Januari]] [[1967]]) ni mwigizaji filamu wa [[Hawaii|Kihawaii]], mwanamitindo na pia mwimbaji, anafahamika sana kwa jina la Cassandra kutoka katika filamu alioshirikishwa iitwayo Wayne's World na katika mfululizo wa kipindi cha TV kiitwacho Relic Hunter. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali === Tia alizaliwa mjini [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]] na wazazi wa [[Ufilipino|Filipino]], Carrere toka mtoto alikuwa na ndoto za kuwa mwimbaji, japokuwa alianguka katika mzunguko wa mwanzo wakati wa kumtafuta nyota bora wa uimbaji kwa mwaka wa [[1985]], hapo alikuwa na umri wa miaka 17. Mwaka uliofuatia alibahatika kuwa mmoja wa washiriki wa kampunini ya kutengeneza filamu na kudhamini maarufu kama Broadway, filamu ilikwenda kwa jina la ''Zombie Nightmare'' iliyofanyika mwaka <nowiki>[[1986]]</nowiki> == Maisha binafsi == Mnamo mwezi wa [[Februari]] ya [[mwaka]] wa [[2000]] Carrere alitalakiana na mumewe wa kwanza aitwae Elie Samaha; na kuolewa tena na mwandishi wa picha bwana Simon Wakelin mnamo tarehe [[31 Desemba]] ya mwaka [[2002]]. Kwa pamoja wana mtoto mmoja wa kike aitwae Bianca, aliezaliwa tarehe [[25 Septemba]] ya mwaka [[2005]]. Kwa sasa Carrere anaishi mjini [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]]. == Filamu alizoigiza == * Zombie Nightmare (1986) * Noble House (1988) * Aloha Summer (1988) * Fine Gold (1989) * The Road Raiders (1989) * Fatal Mission (1990) * Instant Karma (1990) * Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991) * Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991) * Little Sister (1992) * Intimate Stranger (1992) * Wayne's World (1992) * Rising Sun (1993) * Quick (1993) * Wayne's World 2 (1993) * Hostile Intentions (1994) * Treacherous (1994) * True Lies (1994) * My Teacher's Wife (1995) * The Immortals (1995) * The Daedalus Encounter (1995) (voice) * Jury Duty (1995) * Hollow Point (1996) * High School High (1996) * Top of the World (1997) * Kull the Conqueror (1997) * 20 Dates (1998) * Dogboys (1998) * Scar City (1998) * Merlin: The Return (1999) * Meet Prince Charming (1999) * Five Aces (1999) * The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999) (voice) * Lilo & Stitch (2002) (voice) * Stitch! The Movie (2003) (voice) * Torn Apart (2004) * Back in the Day (2005) * Aloha, Scooby-Doo! (2005) (voice) * Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has A Glitch (2005) (voice) * Supernova—The Day the World Catches Fire (2005) * Leroy & Stitch (2006) (voice) * Saints Row (2006) (game voice) * Dark Honeymoon (2007) == Mwonekano wa katika Televisheni == * Cover Up * Airwolf * General Hospital * The A-Team * Tour of Duty * MacGyver * Anything But Love * Friday the 13th: The Series * Quantum Leap * Married... with Children * Tales from the Crypt * Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (voice) * Murder One * Veronica's Closet * Hercules: The Animated Series (voice) * Relic Hunter * Duck Dodgers (voice) * Lilo & Stitch: The Series (voice) * Megas XLR (voice) * Johnny Bravo (voice) * American Dragon: Jake Long (voice) * Dancing with the Stars - season 2 * The O.C. * Curb Your Enthusiasm * Nip/Tuck * Back To You ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.tiacarrere.com Tovuti rasmi ya Tia Carrere] * {{IMDb name|id=0000119|name=Tia Carrere}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carrere, Tia}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hawaii]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu wa Ufilipino]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 90oskq8c0qk8r6jztapxv1l6oskmwv1 Ice Cube 0 14461 1238122 1140675 2022-08-02T11:19:43Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Ice Cube | Img = Ice-Cube 2014-01-09-Chicago-photoby-Adam-Bielawski.jpg | Img_capt = Cube, [[Januari]] [[2012]] | Background = solo_singer | Amezaliwa = [[15 Juni]] [[1969]] | Asili yake = [[Marekani]] | Aina = Rap na Hip Hop | Kazi yake = Mmwanamuzi, mtaarishaji wa muziki, mtunzi, mwongozaji wa filamu na mtaarishaji wa filamu. | Miaka ya kazi = 1984-mpaka leo | Ameshirikiana na = C.I.A.<br> [[N.W.A.]]<br> [[Public Enemy]]<br> [[Westside Connection]]<br> Da Lench Mob<br> [[Snoop Doggy|Snoop Dogg]]<br> Crazy Toones<br> [[WC]] | ala = Sauti, Kinanda na Guitar. | kampuni = Ruthless<br> Priority<br> Lench Mob<br> [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] }} '''O'Shea Jackson''' (anajulikana sana kwa [[jina la kisanii|jina lake la kisanii]] kama '''Ice Cube'''; amezaliwa [[15 Juni]] [[1969]]) ni [[rapa]] , [[mwigizaji]] na pia [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] wa [[Marekani]]. Anatazamika kama ni [[msanii]] mkubwa [[duniani]] wa [[muziki]] aina ya [[hip hop]]. Ice Cube alianza shughuli zake za kimuziki kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama N.W.A., baadae akaanza shughuli za kuimba muziki akiwa peke yake bila ushirika wowote ule huku kwa mbali anaigiza filamu, kitu ambacho kilimpa mafanikio makubwa sana. Mnamo mwaka wa [[1992]], akamuoa Kimberly Woodruff, kwa pamoja wamezaa watoto wanne. Mwaka huohuo wa [[1992]], Ice Cube akabadili [[dini]] na kuwa [[Uislamu|Mwislamu]]. Kuanzia kati kati mwa miaka ya 1990 na kuendelea, Cube aliegemea sana katika shughuli za uigizaji, na shughuli zake za kimuziki zikawa zinafiriwa kama zina fifia kwakuwa hakuwa anaangaikia sana muziki kama alivyokuwa mwanzo. Cube akabaki kuwa kama mmoja wa waonekanao kuwa ni marapa wa West Coast rappers, kwa kuwa alikuwa akitoa msaada mkubwa sana katika vikundi vya rap. Anafahamika hasa kwa uimbaji wake vile akizungumzia siasa na sela za kibaguzi, kwasababu nyimbo nyingi za Ice zilikuwa zikifiriwa kama tiba kwa watu weusi wa [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha na muziki== Ice Cube alizaliwa kama O'Shea Jackson mjini South Central [[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]], ni mtoto wa Doris, karani wa hospitalini, na Andrew Jackson, ambae baadae alikuja kufanya kazi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], [[Los Angeles]] (kwa Kiing: University of [[California]], [[Los Angeles]], kwa kifupi: UCLA). Alizaliwa na kukulia mjini South Central [[Los Angeles]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na sita, akawa na shauku saana na muziki wa hip hop, na akaanza kuandika nyimbo za rap akiwa shuleni huku akiwa anatumia kinanda cha darasani alipokuwa anasoma. Alihitimu masoma yake katika tasisi ya teknolijia maarufu kama "Phoenix Institute of Technology" mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1987, na alisomea masomo ya kuchora ramani za majengo (kwa kiing: Architectural Drafting). Cube na rafiki yake wa karibu aitwae Sir Jinx, wakaunda kundi la muziki lililojulikana kwa jina la C.I.A., wakaimba nyimbo fulani hivi na baadhi ya sehemu katika nyimbo hiyo wakamshirikisha [[Dr. Dre]]. ==Albamu alizotoa== Makala ya [[albamu za Ice Cube]] ===Msanii binafsi=== * AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted (1990) * Kill at Will (EP) (1990) * Death Certificate (1991) * The Predator (1992) * Lethal Injection (1993) * War & Peace - Volume 1 (The War Disc) (1998) * War & Peace - Volume 2 (The Peace Disc) (2000) * Laugh Now, Cry Later (2006) ==Filamu alizoigiza== * [[Boyz n the Hood]] (1991) kama "Doughboy" Darin Baker * Trespass (1992) kama Savon * CB4 (1993) as himself in segment * The Glass Shield (1994) kama Teddy Woods * Higher Learning (1995) kama Fudge * [[Friday]] (1995) kama Craig Jones * Dangerous Ground (1997) kama Vusi Madlazi * Anaconda (1997) kama Danny Rich * The Players Club (1998) kama Reggie * I Got the Hook Up (1998) kama Gun Runner * Three Kings (1999) kama SSgt. Chief Elgin * Thicker Than Water (1999) kama Slink * Next Friday (2000) kama Craig Jones * Ghosts of Mars (2001) kama James 'Desolation' Williams * All About the Benjamins (2002) kama Bookum * BarberShop (2002) kama Calvin Palmer * Friday After Next (2002) kama Craig Jones * Torque (2004) kama Trey * BarberShop 2: Back in Business (2004) kama Calvin * Are We There Yet? (2005) kama Nick Persons * xXx: State of the Union (2005) kama Darius Stone * Are We Done Yet? (2007) kama Nick Persons * Pirate Island (2008) * The Extractors (2008) * First Sunday (2008) * Welcome Back, Kotter: The Movie (????) kama Gabe Kotter ==Filamu alizoongozaj/kutaarisha na kutunga== * Friday (1995) mtunzi, mtaarishaji * Dangerous Ground (1997) mtaarishaji * The Players Club (1998) mtunzi, mwongozaji na mtaarishaji * Next Friday (2000) mtunzi, mtaarishaji * All About The Benjamins (2002) mtaarishaji * Friday After Next (2002) mtunzi, mtaarishaji * BarberShop 2: Back in Business (2004) mtaarishaji * BarberShop: The Series (2005) mtaarishaji * Are We There Yet? (2005) mtaarishaji * Beauty Shop (2005) mtaarishaji * Black. White. (2006) mtaarishaji * Are We Done Yet? (2007) mtaarishaji * Friday: The Animated Series (2007) mtaarishaji * Pirate Island (2008) mtaarishaji * First Sunday (2008) mtaarishaji ==Tuzo== ===Historia ya tuzo za filamu=== Ice Cube alipokea tuzo mbambali za filamu kipindi cha nyuma na kuteuliwa kuwa mwigizaji bora wa filamu. Hivi kalibuni ameshinda tuzo mbili: *2000: Blockbuster Entertainment Award: Tuzo ilitolewa kwa ajili ya filamu ya '''Three Kings''' *2002: Tuzo za filamu za Makka (MECCA Movie Award) Tuzo ya uigizaji. ===Tuzo za muziki=== *VH1 Hip Hop Honors 2006 ** 2006 Honoree *2005 Tuzo ya muziki Soul Traid (Soul Train Music Awards) **Tuzo ya Lifetime Achievement (Lifetime Achievement Award) *2000 Tuzo ya muziki wa Hip Hop (Hip Hop Music Awards) **Tuzo ya Lifetime Achievement (akiwa na [[Dr. Dre]]) ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons}} *[http://www.icecube.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya Ice Cube] *[http://hiphop.sh/cube {{Wayback|url=http://hiphop.sh/cube |date=20121016060405 }} The full biography on Ice Cube [authored by Balance: 411@hiphop.sh] *[http://www.myspace.com/icecube katika Myspace Site] *{{imdb name|id=0001084|name=Ice Cube}} *{{amg|id=11:t9q8b5c4tsqj|label=Ice Cube}} *[http://edition.cnn.com/2006/TRAVEL/12/15/losangeles.qa/ CNN interview with Ice Cube, December 2006] *[http://entertainment-news-network-archive.blogspot.com/2006/05/interview-ice-cube.html Interview: Ice Cube - Laugh Now, Cry Later] *[http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1526043/03142006/story.jhtml MTV News article], [[14 Machi]] [[2006]] *[http://www.therapcella.com/pages/artists/1349.htm Ice Cube - Who he's worked with + discography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.therapcella.com/pages/artists/1349.htm |date=20071207194837 }} *http://www.PressArchive{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} .net/a.php?id=4774291/ Ice Cube interview for Barbershop {{DEFAULTSORT:Ice Cube}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa N.W.A.]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Los Angeles]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] qdvszaraucc7fkno1wcgx3sibk955hd Rodrigo Santoro 0 15353 1237868 891669 2022-08-01T13:47:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Rodrigo Santoro.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Rodrigo Santoro.]] '''Rodrigo Junqueira dos Reis Santoro''' (amezaliwa [[22 Agosti]] [[1975]]) ni mwigizaji filamu na tamthilia kutoka nchi ya [[Brazil]]. Hapo awali alikuwa akiigiza katika baadhi ya tamthilia za kilatini zinazojulikana kwa jina [[telenovela]], zilizopo nchini kwake. Kunako mwaka wa 2003 akaanza kujipatia umaarufu baada ya kucheza katika filamu ya ''[[Love actually]]'' na ''[[300 (filamu)|300]]'' iliyochezwa mwaka 2007. ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0763928|name=Rodrigo Santoro}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Santoro, Rodrigo}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hw2ozmlknncr1e7mwq3zl2mjn3p4mdh Eminem 0 15590 1238112 1195202 2022-08-02T11:02:06Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki | rangi = Khaki | jina = Eminem | picha = Eminem live at D.C. 2014 (cropped).jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Eminem mnamo Novemba 2014 | jina la kiraia = Marshall Bruce Mathers III | jina la kisanii = Eminem | alizaliwa = {{birth date and age|1972|10|17|df=yes}} | alikufa = | nchi = [[Marekani]] | aina ya muziki = Hip Hop<br />Gangsta Rap<br />Midwest Hip Hop<br />Detroit Hip Hop<br />Horrorcore<br /><br />Hardcore Hip Hop<br />Rapcore | kazi yake = Rapa<br />Mwigizaji<br />Mtayarishaji | miaka ya kazi = 1995-hadi leo | ameshirikiana na = [[D12]]<br />[[Dr. Dre]]<br />The Alchemist<br /> T.I.<br />[[50 Cent]]<br />Stat Quo<br />Bobby Creekwater<br />Cashis<br />[[Akon]]<br />Obie Trice | ala = Sauti<br />Kinanda | kampuni = Mashin' Duck<br />Web<br />Aftermath<br />Interscope<br />Shady }} '''Marshall Bruce Mathers III''' (amezaliwa tar. [[17 Oktoba]] [[1972]]) anafahamika zaidi kama '''Eminem''' na '''Slim Shady''', ni mshindi wa tuzo ya Academy na tuzo nyinginyingi za Grammy-msanii bora wa muziki wa rap wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Amewahi kuuza albamu zake zaidi ya milioni sabini kwa hesabu ya dunia nzima. Pia ni miongoni mwa wanamuziki waliokuwa na mauzo ya juu kabisa katika kipindi cha miaka ya 2000. Kuimba kwake kisela-sela na kuihusia jamii ya watu wa chini kumemfanya pia awe na mauzo ya juu na kuwa kama msanii bora wa muda wote. Eminem aligunduliwa na rappa vilevile mtayarishaji wa muziki wa Kimarekani Bw. [[Dr. Dre]], ambaye baadaye alimwingiza Eminem katika studio yake ya kurekodia muziki-Aftermath Entertainment. == Albamu zake == Eminem ana albamu 7 ambazo ziko chini yake na zilitolewa dunia nzima. Albamu hizo ni: * ''Infinite'' * ''The Slim Shady LP'' * ''The Marshall Mathers LP'' * ''The Eminem Show'' * ''Encore'' * ''Curtain Call: The Hits'' * ''Eminem Presents the Re-Up'' * ''Relapse'' * ''Recovery'' Kwa sasa anafanyia kazi albamu mpya iitwayo: * ''King Mathers'' Vilevile alitoa albamu mbili alizoshrikiana na kikundi chake cha muziki cha [[D12]]: * ''Devil's Night'' * ''D12 World'' * ''Haijapewa jina bado inakuja'' == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb name |id=0004896|name=Eminem}} * [http://www.eminem.com Official website] * [http://aftermath-entertainment.com Official Aftermath Entertainment website] * [http://www.shadyrecords.com Official Shady Records website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shadyrecords.com/ |date=20200917171210 }} * [http://myspace.com/eminem Eminem's official MySpace] {{Commons}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eminem}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji muziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Detroit, Michigan]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] gd263jfgyczsgpf9jay79dduwqrbqal Sarah Bernhardt 0 15665 1237879 947974 2022-08-01T13:59:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sarah Bernhardt-Nadar.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sarah Bernhardt.]] '''Sarah Bernhardt''' ([[23 Oktoba]] [[1844]] - [[26 Machi]] [[1923]]) alikuwa mwigizaji tamthilia wa [[Ufaransa|Kifaransa]], na mara nyingi hufikiriwa kama miongoni mwa waigizaji maarufu zaidi katika historia ya uigizaji tamthilia duniani. Mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20, aliigiza pia katika filamu za kwanza. Bernhardt ameanza kujibebea umaarufu katika Ulaya kunako miaka ya 1870, na baada ya muda mchache akawa anafanya shughuli hizo [[Ulaya]] na [[Marekani|Amerika]] pia. Aliendeleza heshima yake kama mwigizaji aliyepania katika shughuli hizo, na akapewa jina la utani kama "Mtukufu Sarah". == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Sarah Bernhardt}} * [http://www.sarah-bernhardt.com/ The Sarah Bernhardt Pages] * {{Find A Grave|id=1333}} * {{gutenberg author|id=Sarah_Bernhardt|name=Sarah Bernhardt}} * {{ibdb name|9688|Sarah Bernhardt}} * {{IMDb name|0076800|Sarah Bernhardt}} * [http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=%40attr+1%3D1016+&query=sarah+bernhardt Sarah Bernhardt cylinder recordings], from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bernhardt, Sarah}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1844]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1923]] lmwi7unronry3vfhia2xy68gpklkxhp Game 0 17365 1238114 1236986 2022-08-02T11:05:02Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | Jina = [[Picha:Game (rapper) Logo.png|100px]] | Img = The Game by Mikko Koponen.jpg | Img_capt = Game akiwa katika utayarishaji wa video yake. | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Jayceon Terrell Taylor<ref name="About"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Game pleads not guilty in LA|url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/2007-09-25-4146972801_x.htm|work=USA Today|publisher=Associated Press|date=2007-09-25|accessdate=2008-08-06}}</ref> | Pia anajulikana kama = Chuck Taylor<br />Hurricane Game<br />Murda Game<br />Starface | Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1979|11|29|df=yes}}<br />[[Los Angeles, California]]<ref name="About">{{cite web|last=Adaso|first=Henry|title=Game|url=http://rap.about.com/od/artists/p/TheGame.htm|publisher=About.com|accessdate=2008-08-06}}</ref> | Amekufa = | Asili yake = [[California|Compton, California]] | Ala = | Aina ya sauti = | Aina = [[West Coast hip hop]] | Kazi yake = [[Rapa]]<br />[[Mwanamuziki]]<br />[[Mwigizaji]] | Mika ya kazi = 2002 – hadi leo | Studio = [[Geffen Records|Geffen]]<br /> [[Interscope]]<br /> [[The Black Wall Street Records|The Black Wall Street]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[The Black Wall Street Records|The Black Wall Street]]<br />[[Snoop Dogg]]<br />[[Busta Rhymes]]<br />[[Dr. Dre]]<br />[[Nas]]<br />[[Keyshia Cole]]<br />[[Westside Connection]]<br /> [[Lil Wayne]]<br />[[Kanye West]] | Tovuti = [http://www.ThisIzGame.com www.ThisIzGame.com] }} '''Jayceon Terrell Taylor''' (amezaliwa tar. [[29 Novemba]] [[1979]]) ni rapa na mwigizaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Game'''. Game alianza kujipatia umaarufu wake kunako mwaka wa 2005, pale alipotoa albamu yake ya kwanza " the documentary" iliyompatia mafanikio makubwa kabisa.the game pia yupo kwenye kikundi cha west coast ambacho pia wapo wakina snoop dogg na muazilishi wake tupac na imrani mashanga <ref>{{cite web |url= http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2005/02/18/18129758.aspx |title= XXL Spotlights West Coast Hip-Hop In March Issue |accessmonthday= [[20 Julai]] |accessyear= 2007 |author= Clover Hope |date= [[18 Februari]] [[2007]] |work= Allhiphop |accessdate= 2008-08-25 |archivedate= 2007-11-06 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071106065519/http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2005/02/18/18129758.aspx }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dubcnn.com/features/editorials/2005wrapup/ |title= The West Coast Rap Up: 2005 |accessmonthday= [[27 Januari]] |accessyear= 2007 |author= Conan Milne |date= 2005 |work= Dubcnn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bet.com/Music/GAME+Playtime+Is+Over.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished |title= XXL Game: Playtime Is Over |accessmonthday= [[8 Oktoba]] |accessyear= 2007 |author= Kim Osorio |date= [[21 Machi]] [[2006]] |work= BET |accessdate= 2008-08-25 |archivedate= 2006-03-24 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060324060932/http://www.bet.com/Music/GAME+Playtime+Is+Over.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished }}</ref> Albamu ilikwenda kwa jina la [[The Documentary]],na ikaweza kujishindia Tuzo mbili za Grammy ikiwa kama albamu bora ya rap na hip hop kwa mwaka wa 2005. Tangu hapo, akawa anafikiriwa kuwa anarudisha kwa nguvu ule muziki wa hip hop wa West Coast kwa mashindano na majigambo na baadhi ya rapa wengine wa East Coast. Mbali na kutoa albamu ya kwanza na ya pili na pia kuweza kushika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati za Billboard 200 bora, Game amepata kuhusishwa na masuala ya ugomvi na baadhi ya marapa wenzake. Muziki anaofanya ni ule muziki wa kihuni sana ambao mara nyingi unafanywa na kujulikana zao katika mji wa kwao wa huko [[California|Compton, California]]. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali === game amezaliwa kwa jina la Jayceon Terrell Taylor huko los angeles, california na kukulia compton,california.Alitumia maisha yake mengi kukaa kwenye crip gang eneo ambalo linaitwa Santana Blocc.Ingawa alikulia kwenye jamiii ya '''''bloods'''''.Baada ya kumaliza shule ya secoundary compton mwaka 1999 the game alijiunga na chuo cha washington state kutokana na basketball lakini alifukuzwa shule wakati wa mwaka wa kwanza kutokana na madawa ya kulevyia hapa ndipo akaaanza maisha ya mtaani kwa kuuuza madawa ya kulevyia na pastola.Wakati akiwa na miaka kumi na nane the game alianza kufuata nyayo za kaka yake wa kambo '''big face 100'''ambaye alikuwa ni mkumbwa wa kundi lake linaloitwa Cedar Block Pirus. == Maisha binafsi == ==Muziki== === Albamu zake === {{kuu|Albamu za The Game}} * 2005: ''[[The Documentary]]'' * 2006: ''[[Doctor's Advocate]]'' * 2008: ''[[L.A.X.]]'' == Filamu == {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="left" ! Mwaka !! Jina la filamu !! Jina alilotumia !! Maelezo |- |rowspan="2"| 2004 || [[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]] || B Dup || [[Video game]], sauti tu |- | ''Life in a Day: The DVD'' || The Game || kipande kidogo |- |rowspan="2"| 2005 || ''[[The Documentary]]'' DVD || The Game || |- | ''[[Beef 3]]'' || The Game || kipande kidogo |- |rowspan="3"| 2006 || ''[[Stop Snitchin, Stop Lyin']]'' DVD || The Game || |- | ''[[Waist Deep]]'' || Big Meat || |- | ''[[Doctor's Advocate]]'' DVD || The Game || |- |rowspan="3"| 2007 || ''[[Def Jam: Icon]]'' || The Game || Video game, sauti tu |- | ''Tournament of Dreams'' || — || |- | ''Beef 4'' || The Game|| kipande kidogo |- |rowspan="2"| 2008 || ''[[Street Kings]]'' || Grill || |- |''[[Belly 2: Millionaire Boyz Club]]'' || G || |} == Tuzo == * BET Awards 2005, Mwanamiziki bora mpya [alichaguliwa] 2005, mshirikishaji bora wa nyimbo("Hate It or Love It") kwa kumshirikisha 50 cent [alichaguliwa] * Grammy Awards 2006, nyimbo bora ya rap ("Hate It or Love It") kwa kumshirikisha 50 Cent [alichaguliwa] 2006, uigizaji bora wa rap kwenye kundi ("Hate It or Love It") kwa kumshirikisha 50 Cent [alichaguliwa] * MTV Video Music Awards 2005,video bora ya rap ("Hate It or Love It") kwa kumshirikisha 50 Cent [alichaguliwa] * Ozone Awards 2008, Mwanamuziki bora wa west Coast rap [alishinda] 2007,Albumi bora ya West Coast rap("Doctor's Advocate") [alishinda] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.comptongame.com Official website run by Geffen Records] * [http://www.thegame360.com Official website run by Game] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thegame360.com/ |date=20090105230943 }} * {{Ning|thisizgame|Game}} * [http://www.theblackwallstreet.com Black Wall Street Records website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theblackwallstreet.com/ |date=20181208071010 }} * [https://archive.is/20121205232106/billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?pid=635871 Game] at ''Billboard'' * [http://www.inkedmag.com/inked_people/50/ Game discusses his tattoos with Inked Magazine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.inkedmag.com/inked_people/50/ |date=20080614002318 }} * {{myspace|thegame|Game}} * {{imdb name |1667139|Game}} {{The Game}} {{commons}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Game, The}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Geffen Records]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] 70h8s2h38qhu8b8o07do9jykojfi1zc Amaury Nolasco 0 18548 1237897 1204113 2022-08-01T14:24:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Amaury Nolasco | picha = Amaury Nolasco 10-13-2008.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Amaury Nolasco Garrido | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1970|12|24|df=yes}} | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]] | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Amaury Nolasco''' ('''Amaury Nolasco Garrido''' amezaliwa tar. [[24 Desemba]] [[1970]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] anayejulikana sana kwa kuigiza kama [[Fernando Sucre]] kwenye [[tamthiliya]] ''Prison Break''. == Maisha ya awali == Nolasco alizaliwa [[Puerto Rico]], aliposoma baiolojia muda wote katika chuo cha Puerto Rico ili aje kuwa daktari. Kwa ufupi hakuwa na mpango wa kuja kuwa muigizaji. Baada ya kufanya shughuli ndogondogo za uigizaji, Nolasco alihamia New York, ambapo alipata mafunzo katika American British Dramatic Arts. Rafiki wa utotoni wa Nolasco ni Jorge Posada, walikutana darasa la kwanza. Alifanya kazi kama kwenye klabu moja Los Angeles kama mhudumu. == Wasifu == Punde tu, Nolasco alishiriki katika tamthiliya kadhaa kama vile ''Arli$$'', ''Crime Scene Investigation'' na ''ER''. Alishiriki kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye filamu kama ''Orange Julius'' kwenye ''2 Fast 2 Furious'' ya Universal. Baadae akashirikia kama ''Bernie Mac'' kwenye ''Mr. 3000''. Pia amecheza kwenye baadhi ya tamthilya na filamu kama ''George Lopez'', ''CSI: NY'' na '' Benchwarmers''. Ameuza sura kwenye ''Mind of Mencia'', [[Aprili]] 29, 2007. Nolasco ameigiza kwenye filamu ''Transformers'' iliyoachiwa kwenye majira ya joto [[2007]]. Lakini amefanya vizauri zaidi na kujitambulisha zaidi baada ya akuigiza kwenye tamthilia ''Prison Break'' ya FOX Network. Nolasco ameuza sura kwenye video ya muziki ''Yes We Can'' ya ''Will.I.Am'',<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjXyqcx-mYY&feature=related YouTube - Yes We Can - Barack Obama Music Video<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ambayo inaonesha kumuunga mkono mgombea urais wa marekani 2008, [[Barack Obama]]. == Magizo == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Kama |- | 2000 | ''Brother'' | Victor |- | 2002 | ''Final Breakdown'' | Hector Arturo |- | rowspan="2"| 2003 | ''The Librarians'' | G-Man |- | ''2 Fast 2 Furious'' | Orange Julius |- | 2004 | ''Mr. 3000'' | Minadeo |- | 2006 | ''The Benchwarmers'' | Carlos |- | 2007 | ''Transformers'' | Figueroa |- | rowspan="2"| 2008 | ''Street Kings'' | Santos |- | ''Max Payne'' | Jack Lupino |- | 2009 | ''Armored'' | Palmer |- | 2011 | ''The Rum Diary'' | Segurra |- | rowspan="2"| 2013 | ''A Good Day to Die Hard'' |Murphy |- | ''El Teniente Amado'' |Amado García Guerrero |- |2014 | ''In the Blood'' |Silvio Lugo |- |2014 |''Animal'' |Douglas |- | 2015 | ''Criminal'' | |- |} === Tamthiliya === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Kama |- | rowspan="2"| 1999 | ''Arli$$'' | Ivory Ortega |- | ''Early Edition'' | Pedro Mendoza |- | rowspan="2"| 2000 | ''The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood'' | Cypriano |- | ''The Huntress'' | Flaco Rosario |- | 2001 | ''CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'' | Hector Delgado |- | 2002 | ''ER'' | Ricky |- | 2003 | ''George Lopez'' | Young Manny |- | 2004 | ''Eve'' | Adrian |- | 2005 | ''CSI: NY'' | Ruben DeRosa |- | 2005 - present | ''Prison Break'' | Fernando Sucre |- | 2007 | ''Mind of Mencia'' | Amaury Nolasco |- | 2009 | ''CSI: Miami'' | Nathan Cole |- | 2010 | ''Southland'' | Detective Rene Cordero |- | 2010 | ''Chase'' | Marco Martinez |- |2012 |''Work It'' | Angel Ortiz |- |2013 |''Rizzoli & Isles'' | Rafael Martinez |- |2013 | ''Burn Notice'' | Mateo |- |2014 | ''Justified'' | Elvis Manuel Machado |- |2014 | ''Gang Related'' | Matias |- |TBA |''Hot & Bothered'' |Rodrigo |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb name|id=1004774}} * {{Tvtome person|id=47348}} * [http://amaurynolasco.wetpaint.com/ Wiki Page] {{Wayback|url=http://amaurynolasco.wetpaint.com/ |date=20080807115901 }} * [http://www.fox.com/prisonbreak/bios/bio_nolasco.htm Amaury Nolasco's biography] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fox.com/prisonbreak/bios/bio_nolasco.htm |date=20090505221201 }} at ''Prison Break'''s official site {{DEFAULTSORT:Nolasco, Amaury}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Puerto Rico]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f54qljtxs2bno9807abi41mrst0qjhg G-Unit 0 18692 1238133 1210062 2022-08-02T11:30:48Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = G-Unit |Img = 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks & Tony Yayo at Rider Pt 2 video shoot.jpg |Img_capt = Kutoka kushoto: [[Tony Yayo]], [[50 Cent]] na [[Lloyd Banks]] mnamo mwaka wa 2008. |Background = group_or_band |Asili yake = [[New York City]] |Aina = [[Hip hop]] |Miaka ya kazi = 2002–hadi leo |Studio = [[G-Unit Records|G-Unit]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] |Ameshirikiana na = [[Dr. Dre]], [[Eminem]], [[G-Unit Records|Wasanii wa G-Unit Records]], [[DJ Whoo Kid]], [[Snoop Dogg]] |Tovuti = [http://www.g-unitsoldier.com www.g-unitsoldier.com] |Wanachama wa sasa =[[50 Cent]]<br />[[Lloyd Banks]]<br />[[Tony Yayo]]<br /><!-- WAHARIRI: Msiongeze mtu mwingine yeyote. G-Unit ina wanachama watatu tu. Waliobakia ni moja kati wasanii wa studio yao tu--> |Wanachama wa zamani = [[The Game]]<br />[[Young Buck]]<!--WAHARIRI: Msimwingize Olivia. Aliingia mkataba na studio ya G-Unit Records, na wala hakuwa mmoja kati wanachama wa kundi hili --> }} '''G-Unit''' ni kundi la [[muziki wa hip hop]] nchini [[Marekani]] lenye asili yake kamili kutoka mjini [[New York City]]. G-Unit walianza kuiteka eneo la [[New York]] ni baada ya kutoa tepu zap kadhaa mchanganyiko. Jina hili la kikundi ni kifupi cha kutaja neno '''Guerilla Unit''' na vilevile kama '''Gangsta Unit'''.<ref>Williams, Houston; Diva, Amanda (12 Aprili 2005). [http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2005/04/12/18129910.aspx "50 Cent’s Ideal World Is "Peaceful", Rapper Explains Gorilla Unit] {{Wayback|url=http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2005/04/12/18129910.aspx |date=20071105235654 }}. AllHipHop. Accessed 29 Julai 2007.</ref> == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali === Kundi lilianzishwa na na wanachama kama, [[50 Cent]], [[Lloyd Banks]], na [[Tony Yayo]] ambao wote walikulia katika nyumba moja, walirapa na waliuza dawa za kulevya pamoja<ref>[http://www.g-unitsoldier.com/main.html Tony Yayo, in an interview, explains their past]. G-Unit Soldier. Accessed 16 Julai 2007</ref>.. Wakati 50 Cent alipojipanga na kuingia mkataba studio fulani, wote Lloyd Banks na Tony Yayo wakawa wana fanya kazi za kutoa tepu zao mchanganyiko kwa bidii ili waweze kujipatia mwamko wao wenyewe. Baadaye 50 Cent aliachia ngazi katika studio ni baada ya kutandikwa risasi mara tisa mbele ya nyumba ya bibi yake mzaa mama.<ref name=RS>Touré (3 Aprili 2003).[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939379/the_life_of_a_hunted_man/1 The Life of a Hunted Man] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939379/the_life_of_a_hunted_man/1 |date=20090505195936 }}. ''Rolling Stone''. Accessed 29 Julai 2007.</ref><ref>Adam Matthews (24 Mei 2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070510054015/http://www.sohh.com/articles/article.php/56 SOHH Exclusive: "50 Cent Shot in New York"]. SOHH. Accessed 18 Septemba 2007.</ref> Kwa upande wao, wakawa wanamwona mwenzao amezongwa na matatizo kibao. == Muziki == ==Albamu zao== {{Kuu|Orodha ya Nyimbo na Albamu za G-Unit}} * 2003: ''[[Beg for Mercy]]'' * 2008: ''[[T.O.S: Terminate on Sight]]'' == Tuzo == * '''Tuzo za Vibe''' ** 2004 - Kundi Bora - G-Unit * '''Tuzo za AVN''' ** 2005 - Toleo Bora la DVD - Groupie Love ** 2005 - Muziki Bora - Groupie Love by Lloyd Banks == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * [http://www.thisis50.com Official 50 Cent website] on [[Ning]] (registration required} * [http://www.G-UnitSoldier.com Official G-Unit site] * {{amg|id=11:acfoxqr0ldae|label=G-Unit}} * {{MySpace|GUnit|G-Unit}} * [http://www.GUnityFoundation.org/about.html G-Unity Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gunityfoundation.org/about.html |date=20061107211604 }} {{G-Unit}} [[Jamii:Makundi ya muziki ya miaka ya 1990]] [[Jamii:miaka ya 2000]] [[Jamii:G-Unit]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] rofoiloczitgdnfdvm9uy68yt7b5h65 T-X 0 29290 1237884 886887 2022-08-01T14:07:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | jina = ''T-X'' | picha = [[Picha:Terminatrix1001.jpg|230px]] | maelezo ya picha = The '''T-X''', imechezwa na [[Kristanna Loken]] | kwanza = ''[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]]'' | mchezaji = [[Kristanna Loken]], washiki wengine, vionjo maalum | aliyebuni = [[Jonathan Mostow]] | spishi = [[Android]] | mtaalam wa = Kuua | lbl21 = Mtengenezaji | data21 = [[Skynet]] }} '''T-X''' (kifupi cha '''"Terminatrix"''') ni jina la mwanamke roboti mwuaji wa. Huyu ni ndiye adui mkubwa kabisa katika filamu ya ''[[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines]]''. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[Kristanna Loken]]. T-X ana uwezo wa kuchukua mwonekano wa wahusika wengine; kwa hiyo, wahusika wengine walioenekana mara kadhaa kwenye filamu kwa kufuatia mwonekano mwingine wa T-X. Uwezo wa kubadili umbo lake ni sawa tu na la [[T-1000]], adui mkubwa katika filamu ya ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. == Viungo vya Nje == * {{imdb character|0000932}} {{Terminator}} [[Jamii:Wahusika]] [[Jamii:Kifupi]] 1ryf8h9t2ztxxw6k93kp2fuwmwjr2ln Mapinduzi ya Viwandani 0 30433 1237819 1237414 2022-08-01T12:14:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:Maquina vapor Watt ETSIIM.jpg|250px|thumb|Injini ya [[Mvuke ya Watt]], [[Injini ya Mvuke]] iliyoendeshwa hasa kutumia [[makaa]] ambayo ilisukuma Mapinduzi ya Viwanda nchini [[Uingereza]]na Duniani.<ref>[[Watt steam engine]] image: located in the lobby of into the Superior Technical School of Industrial Engineers of a the UPM ([[Madrid]])</ref>]] '''Mapinduzi ya Viwandani''' yalikuwa kipindi kutoka [[karne ya 18]] hadi [[karne ya 19]] ambapo yalitokea mabadiliko makubwa katika [[kilimo]], [[utengenezaji]] wa [[bidhaa]], [[uchimbaji]] wa [[madini]] na [[uchukuzi]] yakiwa na matokeo makubwa kwa hali ya [[kiuchumi]], ya kijamii na ya [[kitamaduni]]. Yalianzia [[Uingereza]] na hatimaye kuenea [[Ulaya]] nzima, [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] na mwishowe [[duniani]] kote. Mwanzo wa Mapinduzi ya viwanda ulidokeza mabadiliko muhimu katika [[historia]] ya [[binadamu]]; karibu kila kipengele cha maisha ya kila siku hatimaye yaliathirika kwa njia fulani. Mwanzo wa wakati wa mwisho wa karne ya 18 mabadiliko katika baadhi ya sehemu za [[Uingereza]] yalianza na kazi ambazo hapo awali zilikuwa za mkononi na uchumi uliotumia wanyama kuendesha kazi kulibadilishwana uundaji bidhaa uliotegemea [[mashine]]. Ilianza na utumizi wa [[mashine]] katika viwanda vya [[nguo]], uundaji kwa mbinu za kutengeneza chuma na kuzidi kutegemea makaa ya mawe yaliyosafishwa.<ref>{{cite book | last = Beck B. | first = Roger | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = World History: Patterns of Interaction | publisher = McDougal Littell | date = 1999 | location = Evanston, Illinois | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}</ref> Upanuzi wa biashara uliwezeshwa na kuanzishwa kwa [[mifereji]], uboreshaji wa barabara na [[reli]]. Kuvumbuliwa kwa [[nguvu za mvuke]] kuliowezeshwa hasa na makaa ya mawe, utumizi mwingi wa [[gurudumu la maji]] na mashine za nguvu (hasa katika [[kutengeneza nguo]]) kulisisimua kuongezeka kukubwa wa uwezo wa uzalishaji.<ref>Business and Economics. ''Leading Issues in Economic Development'', Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-511589-9 [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0195115899&id=CX9kBaVx4JkC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&sig=V0eO27c7koD8rrIV2EKv6-guB5s Read it]</ref> Kuundwa kwa [[vifaa vya mashine]] ambavyo vilikuwa vya chuma pekee katika miongo miwili ya kwanza ya karne ya 19 kuliwezesha kutengenezwa kwa mashine zaidi za kuunda vifaa katika viwanda vingine. Matokeo yalienea kote katika [[Ulaya ya Magharibi]] na [[Marekani ya Kaskazini]] wakati wa karne ya 19, na hatimaye kuathiri karibu Dunia yote, mchakato ambao unaendelea katika [[kuenea kwa viwanda]]. Athari ya matokeo kwa jamii ilikuwa kubwa sana.<ref>Russell Brown, Lester. ''Eco-Economy'', James & James / Earthscan. ISBN 1-85383-904-3 [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN1853839043&id=5aCyfUsHM6kC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&sig=1dsUat9P_-9dWWVRMpPt1udT8DQ Read it]</ref> Mapinduzi ya Viwanda ya Kwanza, ambayo yalianza katika karne ya 18, yaliingia katika [[Mapinduzi ya Pili ya Viwanda]] mnamo mwaka wa 1850, ambapo maendeleo ya kiteknolojia na kiuchumi yalizidi kuendelea huku [[meli]] zinazotumia mvuke, reli, na baadaye katika karne ya 19 [[injini ya mwako ya ndani]] na [[uzalishaji wa nguvu za umeme]]. Urefu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda unatofautiana na wanahistoria mbalimbali. [[Eric Hobsbawm]] anasisitiza kwamba 'yalianza' nchini [[Uingereza]] katika miaka ya 1780 na hayakuonekana kikamilifu hadi miaka ya 1830 au 1840,<ref>Eric Hobsbawm, ''The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd. ISBN 0-349-10484-0</ref> ilhali [[T. S. Ashton]] anaamini kwamba ilifanyika, kwa kukadiria, kati ya mwaka wa 1760 na 1830.<ref>Joseph E Inikori. ''Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England'', Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-01079-9 [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0521010799&id=y7rhKYWhCyIC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&sig=zOPr9UkQv258KyhCkuFM0abERnI Read it]</ref> Baadhi ya wanahistoria wa karne ya ishirini kama vile [[John Clapham]] na [[Nicholas Crafts]] wamedokeza kuwa mchakato wa mabadiliko ya kiuchumi na kijamii yalifanyika hatua kwa hatua na kuwa neno ''[[mapinduzi]]'' halifai kuelezea yaliyofanyika. Hii bado ni mada inayojadiliwa na wanahistoria.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2598327 |title=Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_economic-history-review_1992-02_45_1/page/24 |year=1992 |author=Berg, Maxine |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=45 |pages=24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html |date=20061109022755 }} by Julie Lorenzen, Central Michigan University. Retrieved Novemba 2006.</ref> [[Mapato ya Kijumla ya Nchi]] ya kila mtu kwa upana yalikuwa imara kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani na kuibuka kwa uchumi wa kisasa wa [[kibepari]].<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis | url = http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm | title = The Industrial Revolution | accessdate = 2007-11-14 | author = [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]] | year = 2003 | quote = it is fairly clear that up to 1800 or maybe 1750, no society had experienced sustained growth in per capita income. (Eighteenth century population growth also averaged one-third of 1 percent, the same as production growth.) That is, up to about two centuries ago, per capita [[real income|incomes]] in all societies were stagnated at around $400 to $800 per year. | archivedate = 2008-05-16 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516211911/http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm }}</ref> Mapinduzi ya viwanda yalianzisha zama za [[ustawi wa kiuchumi]] na unatalenga mapato ya kila mtu katika nchi zenye uchumi wa kibepari.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm | title = The Industrial Revolution ''Past and Future'' | first = Robert | last = Lucas | year = 2003 | quote = [consider] annual growth rates of 2.4 percent for the first 60 years of the 20th century, of 1 percent for the entire 19th century, of one-third of 1 percent for the 18th century | accessdate = 2010-01-14 | archivedate = 2008-05-16 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516211911/http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm }}</ref> Wanahistoria wanakubaliana kwamba Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalikuwa mojawapo ya matukio muhimu sana Kihistoria.<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/IndustrialRevolutionandtheStandardofLiving.html Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics], Library of Economics and Liberty</ref> == Historia ya jina == [[Arnold Toynbee]] ndiye anayetambulika kuyafanya maneno ''Mapinduzi ya Viwandani'' kuwa maarufu, na ambaye hotuba zake zilizotolewa mnamo mwaka wa 1881 zilikuwa na maelezo ya kina. Matumizi ya kwanza kabisa ya maneno "Mapinduzi ya Viwandani", ambayo ushahidi wake bado hujapatikana, kulingana na mwanahistoria [[David Landes]], yalikuwa katika barua ya mnamo tarehe 6 Julai mwaka wa 1799 iliyoandikwa na mjumbe wa Kifaransa Louis-Guillaume Otto [http://books.google.com/books?id=vyLhAnukIMkC&pg=PP8&dq=industrial+revolution+origin+of+phrase&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=5#v=onepage&q=&f=false]. Maneno ''Mapinduzi ya Viwandani'' yalitumika kumaanisha mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia yalikuwa yanazidi kuwa ya kawaida katika miaka ya mwisho ya 1830, kama katika maelezo ya [[Louis-Auguste Blanqui]] ya 1837 ya ''la révolution industrielle''. [[Friedrich Engels]] katika ''[[Hali ya Daraja la Watu Linalofanya Kazi nchini Uingereza mnamo mwaka wa 1844]]'' alizungumzia "mapinduzi ya viwandani, mapinduzi ambayo katika wakati mmoja yalibadilisha jamii nzima ya kiraia." Katika kitabu chake ''[[Maneno muhimu: Msamiati wa Utamaduni na Jamii]]'', [[Raymond Williams]] anataja katika sehemu ya [[Viwanda]]: ''Wazo la utaratibu mpya wa kijamii wenye msingi katika mabadiliko makubwa ya viwandani yalikuwa wazi katika [[Robert Southey|Southey]] na [[Robert Owen|Owen]], kati ya mwaka wa 1811 na mwaka wa 1818, na ulikuwa wazi pia wakati wa mapema wa malenga [[William Blake|Blake]] katika miaka ya mapema ya 1790 na katika mashairi ya [[William Wordsworth|Wordsworth]] kufikia mwisho wa karne.'' == Vyanzo == [[Picha:World GDP Capita 1-2003 A.D.png|300px|thumb| [[Mapato ya Kijumla]] ya kila mtu katika maeneo mbalimbali hayakubadilika sana katika historia ya binadamu kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani. (sehemu tupu zinamaanisha kuwa hakuna deta, si viwango vidogo sana. Kuna deta ya miaka 1, 1000, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, 1900, and 2003)]] Vyanzo vya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani ni vigumu kuelezea na vinabaki kuwa swala la kujadiliwa, huku baadhi ya wanahistoria wakiamini kuwa Mapinduzi hayo yalikuwa sehemu ya mabadiliko ya kijamii na kitaasisi yaliyosababishwa na kuisha kwa [[Ubwana]] nchini [[Uingereza]] baada ya [[Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Uingereza]] katika karne ya 17. Kadiri udhabiti wa mipaka ya kitaifa ulivyozidi kufanikiwa, kuenea kwa magonjwa kulipunguzwa, hivyo basi kuzuia [[magonjwa ya kuenea katika sehemu kubwa]] yaliyokuwa kawaida katika nyakati zilizotangulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/voices/voices_salisbury.shtml |title=BBC – Plague in Tudor and Stuart Britain |publisher=bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2008-11-03}}</ref> Asilimia ya watoto ambao waliishi kuzidi miaka ya utotoni ilongezeka pakubwa, kupelekea kuwa na wafanyikazi wengi. Harakati ya [[nyumba]] na [[Mapinduzi ya Kilimo ya Uingereza]] yalifanya uzalishaji wa chakula kuwa rahisi zaidi na kutotegemea wafanyakazi wengi, hivyo kulazimisha idadi ya watu ambao hawengeweza kupata kazi katika kilimo wajiunge na [[viwanda vya karakana]],kwa mfano [[ushonaji]], na baada ya kipindi kirefu wakajiunga na miji na [[viwanda]] vilivyokuwa vimejengwa upya wakati huo.<ref>[http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England]</ref> [[Upanuzi wa kikoloni]] wa karne ya 17 ulioambatana na maendeleo ya biashara ya kimataifa, kuundwa kwa [[masoko ya kifedha]] na kukusanywa kwa [[mtaji]] pia zinatajwa kama sababu, kama tu [[mapinduzi ya kisanyansi]] ya karne ya 17.<ref>"[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509067/Scientific_Revolution.html Scientific Revolution] {{Wayback|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509067/Scientific_Revolution.html |date=20091028110638 }}". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. 2009-10-31.</ref> Hadi miaka ya 1980, iliaminika Ulimwenguni kote na wasomi wa kihistoria kuwa uvumbuzi wa kiteknolojia ulikuwa chanzo muhimu cha Mapinduzi ya Viwanda ni kuwa teknolojia msingi iliyowezesha haya ilikuwa uundaji na uboreshaji wa [[injini ya mvuke]].<ref>Hudson, Pat. ''The Industrial Revolution'', Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-7131-6531-6</ref> Hata hivyo, utafiti wa hivi karibuni kuhusu [[zama ya Masoko]] imeibua changamoto dhidi ya tafsiri ya jadi ya Mapinduzi ya Viwanda inayotegemea usambazaji.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Fullerton | first = Ronald A. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = How Modern Is Modern Marketing? Marketing's Evolution and the Myth of the "Production Era" | journal = The Journal of Marketing | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 108–125 | publisher = [[American Marketing Association]] | location = New York City, NY | date = Januari 1988 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-marketing_1988-01_52_1/page/108 | doi = 10.2307/1251689 | id = | accessdate = }}</ref> [[Lewis Mumford]] amependekeza kuwa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda yana asili yao katika [[Zama za Mapema za Kati]], mapema zaidi kuliko makadirio mengi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/015688254X/ref=sib_fs_top?ie=UTF8&p=S00Q&checkSum=udoW5CVmUdy3Y45ns0wtGk7Wesh6yWx220dcukbd7VE%3D#reader-link |title=Technics & Civilization |publisher=Lewis Mumford |accessdate=2009-01-08}}</ref> Anaelezea kuwa mfano wa mfumo huo wa [[uzalishaji mkubwa]] kwa kawaida ulikuwa [[mashine ya uchapishaji]] na kuwa "dhana ya mfano wa zama za viwanda ulikuwa ni saa". Pia anasisitiza kuhusu msisitizo wa [[kimonastiki]]kuhusu mpangilio mwema na kuweka-wakati, na pia ukweli kwamba katika [[miaka ya karne ya 13]] katikati ya miji kulikuwa na kanisa ambapo kengele kilipigwa baada ya saa chache kama mahitaji muhimu ya mambo kufanyika kwa mpangilio maalum uliohitajika baadaye kwa, vifaa vya kimwili zaidi, vilivyoweza kudhihirika, maka vile injini ya mvuke. Kuwepo kwa soko kubwa la ndani pia unapaswa kutiliwa maanani kama chanzo muhimu cha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani , hasa katika kuelezea mbona yakafanyika nchini Uingereza. Katika mataifa mengine, kama vile Ufaransa, masoko yalipasuliwa na kimkoa, mikoa ambayo mara nyingi ilituza ushuru na [[kodi]] kwa bidhaa zilizouzwa miongoni mwao.<ref>Deane, Phyllis. ''The First Industrial Revolution'', Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29609-9 [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN0521296099&id=eMBG_soDdNoC&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&sig=xzXl17mm0GYiH80TH-V0lR7JVAk Read it]</ref> Serikali kuwapa wavumbuzi [[uwezo wa kipekee wa kuuza]] ambao ulipimwa chini ya mfumo uliokuwa ukiendelezwa wa [[patenti]] ( [[Katiba ya Uwezo wa Kipekee wa Kuuza 1623]]) inatambulika kama sababu muhimu.Matokeo ya patenti, mabaya na mazuri, ya maendeleo ya viwanda yanaonyeshwa wazi katika historia ya injini ya mvuke, teknolojia muhimu ya kuwezesha mapinduzi hayo. Kama malipo ya kuonyesha wazi mbele ya umma jinsi kifaa kilichovumbuliwa kilivyofanya kazi mfumo wa patenti uliwalipa wavumbuzi kama [[James Watt]] kwa kuwaruhusu kuwa na uwezo wa kipekee wa kuunda injini za kwanza za mvuke, hivyo basi kuwalipa wavumbuzi na kuongeza kasi ya maendeleo ya kiteknolojia. Hata hivyo uwezo wa kipekee wa kuuza kawaida husababisha madhara yanayoweza kuondoa, au hata kuzidi kwa umbali, matokeo mazuri ya kufanya uvumbuzi uwe wazi mbele ya umma na kuwalipa wavumbuzi.<ref>Eric Schiff, ''Industrialisation without national patents: the Netherlands, 1869-1912; Switzerland, 1850-1907'', [[Princeton University]] Press, 1971.</ref> Uwezo wa kipekee wa Watt wa kuunda injini za mvuke huenda kulizuia wavumbuzi wengine, kama vile [[Richard Trevithick]], [[William Murdoch]] au [[Jonathan Hornblower]], kuunda injini za mvuke bora zaidi, hivyo basi kuchelewesha maendeleo ya mapinduzi ya viwandani kwa takriban miaka 16.<ref>Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine, [http://www.dklevine.com/general/intellectual/againstfinal.htm Against Intellectual Monopoly], {{PDFlink|[http://www.dklevine.com/papers/imbookfinal01.pdf Chapter 1, final online version January 2, 2008]|55&nbsp;KB}}, page 15. Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN-13: 9780521879286</ref> === Sababu za Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kufanyika Barani Ulaya === [[Picha:Vereinigte Ostindische Compagnie bond - Middelburg - Amsterdam - 1622.jpg|thumb|A 1623 [[Hundi (Kifedha)|Hundi]] ya [[Kampuni ya Kiholanzi ya Uhindi Mashariki]].<br /> Upanuzi wa kikoloni wa Ulaya wa karne ya 17, biashara ya kimataifa, na kuundwa kwa masoko ya kifedha yalizalisha mazingira mapya ya kisheria na kifedha, ambayo yaliwezesha kuendelea kwa viwanda katika karne ya 18.]] Swali moja linalowasumbua sana wanahistoria ni mbona mapinduzi ya viwanda yakafanyika Barani Ulaya lakini si sehemu zingine za Dunia katika karne ya 18, hasa [[Uchina]], [[Uhindi]], na [[Mashariki ya Kati]], au katika zama zingine kama [[zama za Kale za Kihistoria]]<ref>[http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/archives/000891.html Why No Industrial Revolution in Ancient Greece? ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/archives/000891.html |date=20110927042849 }} J. Bradford DeLong, Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 20 Septemba 2002. Retrieved Januari 2007.</ref> au [[Zama za Kati]].<ref>[http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England] | The History Guide, Steven Kreis, 11 Oktoba 2006 – Accessed Januari 2007</ref> Sababu nyingi zimependekezwa, ikiwemo elimu na mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia<ref>Jackson J. Spielvogel (2009). "''[http://books.google.com/books?id=fwxLkRmd-4QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Western Civilization: Since 1500]''". p.607.</ref> (angalia [[Mapinduzi ya Kisayanis]] barani Ulaya), serikali ya "kisasa", mitazamo ya "kisasa" ya kikazi, kiikolojia, na utamaduni.<ref>[http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/causes.html The Industrial Revolution – Causes]</ref> [[Zama za Kutaalamika]] hazikumaanisha tu idadi kubwa zaidi ya watu walioelimika lakini pia mitazamo ya kisasa kuhusu kazi. Hata hivyo, wanahistoria wengi wanakataa madai kuwa Ulaya na Uchina zilikuwa karibu sawa kwa sababu makadirio ya kisasa ya mapato ya wastani ya kila mtu katika Ulaya ya magharibi katika miaka ya mwisho ya karne ya 18 ni takriban dola 1,500 za [[nguvu sawa za ununuzi]] (na Uingereza ilikuwa na [[mapato ya wastani ya kila raia]] ya takriban dola 2,000<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.iisg.nl/research/jvz-cobbdouglas.pdf Cobb-Douglas in pre-modern Europe1 – Simulating early modern growth]|254&nbsp;KB}} Jan Luiten van Zanden, International Institute of Social History/University of Utrecht. Mei 2005. Retrieved Januari 2007.</ref>) huku Uchina, kwa kulinganisha, ikiwa na dola 450 pekee. Pia, [[kiwango cha riba]] cha wastani kilikuwa karibu 5% nchini Uingereza na zaidi ya 30% nchini Uchina, jambo linaloonyesha jinsi mtaji ulivyokuwa mwingi zaidi nchini Uingereza.{{Citation needed|date=Oktoba 2009}} Baadhi ya wahistoria kama vile [[David Landes]]<ref name=Landes>{{cite book | last = Landes | first = David | authorlink = David Landes | coauthors = | title = The Wealth and Poverty of Nations | publisher = Abacus | date = 1999 | location = London | pages = 38–9 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0349111669}}</ref> na [[Max Weber]] wanaashiria mitazamo mbalimbali nchini Uchina na Ulaya na kuamuru mahali ambapo mapinduzi yalitokea. Dini na imani za Ulaya zilikuwa haswa chanzo cha [[Ukristo wa Kiyudea]], na dhana za Kigiriki. Jamii ya Kichina ilikuwa na msingi wake katika watu kama vile [[Confucius]], [[Mencius]], [[Han Feizi]] ([[Matendo bila Imani]]), [[Lao Tzu]] ([[Utao]]), and [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] ([[Ubudha]]). Watu wa Ulaya walipoamini kuwa ulimwengu ulitawaliwa na sheria za kimantiki na za milele, watu wa Mashariki, waliamini kuwa ulimwengu ulibadilika kila uchao na, kwa Wabudha na Watao, haungeweza kueleweka kimantiki. {{Citation needed|tarehe=Oktoba 2009}} Kuhusu Uhindi, mwanahistoria wa Kimaksi [[Rajani Palme Dutt]] alisema: "Mtaji wa kuyawezesha Mapinduzi ya Viwanda nchini Uhindi yalitumika kuwezesha Mapinduzi ya Viwanda nchini Uingereza kifedha."<ref>[https://archive.is/20121208215606/india_resource.tripod.com/colonial.html South Asian History] -Pages from the history of the Indian subcontinent: British rule and the legacy of colonisation. Rajni-Palme Dutt ''India Today'' (Indian Edition published 1947). Retrieved Januari 2007.</ref> Ikitofautishwa na Uchina, nchi ya Uhindi iligawanywa katika milki mbalimbali zilizokuwa zikishindana, huku milki tatu kuu zikiwa [[Marathas]], [[Sikhs]] na [[Mughals]]. Isitoshe, uchumi ulitegemea pakubwa—kilimo cha nyumbani na pamba, na kunaonekana kuwa na uvumbuzi mchache sana wa kiufundi. Inaaminika kuwa idadi kubwa ya mali mara nyingi ilifichwa katika hazina za makasri na wafalme au malkia ambao waliendesha serikali za kiimla kabla ya Uingereza kuchukua mamlaka. Uongozi wa [[Kiimla]] nchini Uchina, Uhindi, na Mashariki ya Kati kulishindwa kusisimua utengenezaji wa bidhaa na uuzaji wa bidhaa nje ya nchi, na kulionyesha nia kidogo ya kuwajali waliotawaliwa.<ref>[http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.2/br_5.html Monarchies 1000–2000. By W. M. SPELLMAN. London: Reaktion Books, 2001.]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Journal of World History.</ref> === Sababu ya Mapinduzi ya Viwanda kufanyika nchini Uingereza === [[Picha:graph rel share world manuf 1750 1900 02.png|300px|thumb|Kadiri Mapinduzi ya Viwanda yalivyoendelea ndivyo idadi ya vyombo vilivyoundwa Uingereza ilivyopanda na kushinda vya uchumi wa nchi zingine]] Mjadala kuhusu mwanzo wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda pia unahusisha jinsi [[Uingereza]] ilivyozitangulia inchi zingine na kuzishinda kwa mbali. Kuna watu ambao wamesisitiza umuhimu wa rasilimali za kiasili au za kifedha ambazo Uingereza ilipokea kutoka nchi nyingi za nje [[ilizozitawala]] au faida kutokana na [[biashara ya utumwa]] ya Uingereza, kati ya Afrika na eneo la Karibiani, iliyosaidia kuendesha uwekezaji wa viwandani. Imedokezwa kuwa, mbali na hayo, kuwa biashara ya Utumwa na mashamba makubwa ya Uhindi ya Magharibi yalitoa 5% pekee ya mapato ya kitaifa ya Uingereza wakati wa miaka ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/con_economic.cfm |title=Was slavery the engine of economic growth? Digital History |accessdate=2010-01-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513025327/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/con_economic.cfm |archivedate=2012-05-13 }}</ref> Ingawa utumwa ulikuwa chanzo cha faida cha kiasi kidogo cha kiuchumi nchini Uingereza wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, mahitaji kutoka eneo la Karibiani yaliambatana na 12% ya pato la viwanda vya Uingereza.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Bh7HVl92bVMC&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=Industrial+Revolution,+slavery&source=bl&ots=zBje8eBxGe&sig=vEZVgz3EL-kzaYWVZAkmRqenBho&hl=en&ei=lTIxSoTdMoOyNP6h1LcH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=12#PPA198,M1 The Industrial Revolution by Pat Hudson, pg. 198]</ref> Kwa upande mwingine, biashara kufanywa huru zaidi kutokana na msingi mkubwa wa wabepari huenda ikawa uliruhusu ncgi ya Uingereza kutengeneza na kutumia maendeleo ya kisayansi na kiteknolojia vizuri zaidi kuliko nchi zilizokuwa na milki zenye nguvu zaidi, hasa Uchina na Urusi. Uingereza iliinuka kutoka [[Vuta vya Kinapolioni]] kama taifa pekee Ulaya ambalo halikuwa limeharibiwa na utumizi mbaya wa fedha na kuharibika kwa uchumi, na ikiwa meli za kibiashara kubwa za kipekee (Meli za kibiashara za Ulaya zilikuwa zimeharibiwa katika kipindi cha vita na [[Jeshi la Uingereza la Wanamaji]]<ref>The Royal Navy itself may have contributed to Britain's industrial growth. Among the first complex industrial manufacturing processes to arise in Britain were those that produced material for British warships. For instance, the average warship of the period used roughly 1000 pulley fittings. With a fleet as large as the Royal Navy, and with these fittings needing to be replaced ever 4 to 5 years, this created a great demand which encouraged industrial expansion. The industrial manufacture of rope can also be see as a similar factor.</ref>). Viwanda vingi vya Uingereza vya kuunda bidhaa ndogo ndogo na kuziuza pia zilihakikisha kuwa masoko yalikuwa tayari kwa aina nyingi ya bidhaa zilizokuwa za kwanza kuundwa.Mgogoro ulisababisha vita vingi vilivyohusisha nchi ya Uingereza kufanywa katika nchi geni, hivyo basi kupunguza madhara mabaya ya utekaji wa maeneo zaidi, jambo lililoaliadhiri inchi nyingi Barani Ulaya. Jambo hili liliwezeshwa zaidi na maumbile ya Kijiografia ya Uingereza—kwani Uingereza ni kisiwa kilichotengwa na nchi zingine Barani Ulaya. Nadharia nyingine ni kuwa Uingereza iliweza kufanikiwa katika Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kwa sababu ya kuwa na rasilimali muhimu. Nchi ya Uingereza Ilikuwa na idadi kubwa ya wakazi katika kila eneo mraba ikilinganishwa na umbo lake ndogo la kijiografia. [[Kupimwa]] kwa ardi iliyotumika na kila mtu na mapinduzi ya kilimo yanayohusiana na hili kulisababisha kupatikana kwa wafanyikazi kuwe rahisi. Kulikuwa na bahati ya kupata maliasili katika maeneo ya [[Kasakazini mwa Uingereza]], [[Maeneo ya Kati ya Uingereza]], [[Wales ya Kusini]] na [[maeneo tambarare ya Scotland]]. Usambazaji wa makaa ya mawe, chuma, risasi, shaba, bati, chokaa mawe na nguvu za maji, kulisababisha mazingira bora ya kuendeleza na kupanua viwanda. Pia, hali za hewa ya unyevunyevu, na hali ya hewa isiyo kali ya eneo la Kaskazini Magharibi mwa Uingereza zilikuwa mazingira bora ya kuzungusha pamba, huku zikiwapatia Waingereza sehemu ya kimaumbile ya kuanza kuanzisha kiwanda cha nguo. Hali tulivu ya kisiasa nchini Uingereza tangu miaka ya 1688, na nia zaidi ya jamii ya Kiingereza kukubali mabadiliko (ikilinganishwa na nchi zingine za Ulaya) inaweza pia kusemwa kuwa sababu iliyowezesha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani. Kwa sehemu kubwa, kwa sababu ya Harakati ya Kufungiwa, watu maskini waliangamizwa kama chanzo kubwa cha upinzani dhidi ya kuenea kwa viwanda, na watu wa madaraja ya juu waliendesha maslahi ya biashara yaliyosababisha watu wa kwanza katika kuondoa vikwazo dhidi ya ukuaji wa ubepari.<ref>[[Barrington Moore, Jr.]], ''Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World'', pp. 29-30, Boston, Beacon Press, 1966.</ref> (Wazo hili pia limedokezwa katika kitabu cha [[Hilaire Belloc]], [[Nchi ya Kitumishi]].) ==== Maadili ya kazi ya Kiprotestanti ==== {{Main|Maadili ya kazi ya Kiprotestanti}} Nadharia nyingine ni kwamba mafanikio ya Waingereza yalikuwa kwa sababu ya kuwepo kwa daraja la [[Kijasiriamali]] ambalo liliamini kuwa kulikuwa na maendeleo, teknolojia na kazi ngumu.<ref> {{Cite book | title = Capital and Innovation: How Britain Became the First Industrial Nation | isbn = 0951838245 | year = 2004 | first = Charles | last = Foster | publisher = Arley Hall Press | location = Northwich }} Argues that capital accumulation and [[wealth concentration]] in an entrepreneurial culture following the [[commercial revolution]] made the industrial revolution possible, for example.</ref> Kuwepo kwa daraja hili mara nyingi huusishwa na maadili ya kazi ya Kiprotestanti (tazama [[Max Weber]]) na hasa hadhi ya [[Wabatizi]] na madhehebu yanayopingana nao ya Kiprotestanti, kama vile [[Jamii ya Kidini ya Marafiki|Wakweka]] na [[Wapresbiteri]] ambazo zilikuwa zimenawiri wakati wa [[Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Uingereza]]. Kuimarishwa kwa imani ya watu katika utawala wa sheria, ambao ulifuata kuundwa kwa mfano wa Milki ya Kikatiba nchini Uingereza katika [[Mapinduzi ya Kitukufu]] ya 1688, na kuibuka kwa soko dhabiti la kifedha nchini Uingereza lililokuwa na msingi katika usimamizi wa [[deni la kitaifa]] na [[Benki ya Uingereza]], kulichangia katika uwezo wa, na hamu ya, uwekezaji wa kibinafsi wa kifedha katika biashara za viwanda. [[Wapingamizi wa Kiingereza|Wapingamizi]] walijipata wakiwa wamekatzwa au kukatishwa tamaa kutoka ofisi karibu zote za umma, au elimu katika [[Oxbridge|vyuo vikuu viwili vywa kipekee]] nchini Uingereza wakati huo (ingawa wapingamizi bado walikuwa huru kusoma katika [[Vyuo Vikuu vya Jadi vya Scotland|vyuo vinne vikuu]]) vya Scotland. Marejesho ya milki yalipofanyika na uanachama katika [[Kanisa la rasmi la Kianglikana]] ulipofanywa lazima kwa sababu ya [[Sheria ya Jaribio]], wao baada ya hapo walijibidiisha na shughuli za kibenki, viwanda na elimu. [[Wanaumoja]], haswa, walihusika sana katika elimu, kwa kuwa na Mashule ya Wapingamizi, ambapo, ikitofautishwa na vyuo vya Oxford na Cambridge na mashule kama Eton na Harrow, kipaumbele kilipewa kwa masomo ya hisabati na sayansi—taaluma muhimu kwa maendeleo ya teknolojia ya utengenezaji bidhaa. Wanahistoria wakati mwingine hutazama kipengele hiki cha kijamii kuwa muhimu sana, pamoja na hali ya uchumi wa mataifa yanayohusika. Ingawa wanachama wa madhehebu haya walitengwa mbali na duru fulani za kiserikali, walitazamwa na Waprotestanti wenzao kama, kwa kiwango kidogo, na wengi katika [[daraja la kati]], wakopaji pesa wa jadi au wanabiashara wengine. Kutokana na kuvumilia huku, kiasi na usambazaji wa mtaji, njia ya kimaumbile ya watu wenye nia ya ujasirimali ya haya madhehebu ingekuwa kutafuta nafasi mpya katika teknolojia zilizoundwa wakati wa mapinduzi ya kisayansi ya karne ya 17. == Maendeleo ya uvumbuzi == [[Picha:Mule-jenny.jpg|thumb|Mfano wa kipekee ambao bado unaweza kupatikana wa kifaa cha Farasi mdogo cha kushona kilichojengwa na mvumbuzi Samuel Crompton]] Mwanzo wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kunahusishwa kwa karibu na idadi ndogo ya maendeleo ya uvumbuzi<ref>[http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html The Industrial Revolution – Innovations]</ref> yaliyofanywa katika nusu ya pili ya karne ya 18: * '''Vitambaa''' – [[Uzungushaji]] wa [[pamba]] kwa kutumia [[mashine ya maji]] ya [[Richard Arkwright]], mashine ya [[Punda Mdogo wa Kuzungusha]] ya James Hargreaves, na mashine ya [[Farasi Mdogo wa Kuzungusha]] ya Samuel Crompton (machanganyiko wa mashine za Farasi Mdogo wa Kuzungusha na Mashine ya Maji). Hii ilisajiliwa chini ya patenti mnamo mwaka wa 1769 na kwa hivyo patenti hiyo iliisha mnamo mwaka wa 1783. Mwisho wa patenti ulifuatwa kwa haraka na ujenzi wa viwanda vingi vya [[Kutengeneza pamba]]. Teknolojia sawa mwishowe ilitumika kwa kushona [[nyuzi]] za [[worsted]] kwa nguo mbalimbali na [[lin]] badala ya [[sanda]]. * '''Nguvu za Mvuke''' – [[Injini ya mvuke]] iliyoboreshwa na kuvumbuliwa na [[James Watt]] hapo awali ilitumika kwa kusukumia nje [[migodi]], lakini tangu miaka ya 1780 ilitumika kwa mashine za nguvu. Jambo hili liliwezesha maendeleo ya haraka ya viwanda vilivyofanya kazi vizuri na vilivyotumia mashine kufanya baadhi ya kazi katika kiwango ambacho hapo awali hakingewezekana katika mahala ambapo [[nguvu za maji]] hazikuwepo. * '''Kutengeneza Chuma''' – katika [[kiwanda cha Chuma]], [[koki]] mwishowe ilitumika kwa hatua zote za [[kufua chuma]], huku zikikomesha utumizi wa [[makaa]]. Hili lilikuwa limefanywa mapema zaidi kwa [[risasi]] na [[shaba]] na pia kwa kutengeneza [[chuma ya nguruwe]] ndani ya [[tanuri]], lakini hatua ya pili ya uzalishaji [[kipande-chuma]] ilitegemea matumizi ya [[kuweka ndani ya chungu na kufinyilia]] (ambayo [[patenti]] yake ilikuwa imekwisha mnamo mwaka wa 1786) au [[Kupudulu]] (Kulipatentiwa na [[Henry Cort]] mnamo mwaka wa 1783 na 1784). Haya yanawakilisha maeneo ''matatu ya mbele'', yaliyokuwa na maendeleo muhimu ya uvumbuzi, na ambayo yaliruhusu kuinuka kiuchumu ambao ndio sehemu maalum ya Mapinduzi ya Viwanda. Huku si kupuuza uvumbuzi mwingine mwingi, hasa katika kiwanda cha [[nguo]]. Bidhaa zingine za mapema, kama vile [[punda mdogo wa kuzungusha]] na [[kifaa cha kupaa]] katika kiwanda cha nguo na kuyeyushwa kwa chuma ya nguruwe na koki, mafanikio haya yote hayangewezekana. Uvumbuzi wa baadaye kama vile [[mashine ya ushonaji]] ya nguvu na [[injini ya mvuke]] wenye shinikizo ya [[Richard Trevithick]] pia yalikuwa muhimu katika kuenea kwa viwanda nchini Uingereza. Kutumika kwa injini za mvuke katika uendeshaji wa [[viwanda vya kutengeneza pamba]] na katika [[kazi za kuunda vifaa vya chuma]] kuliwezesha vifaa hivi kujengwa katika maeneo yaliyofaa zaidi kwa sababu rasilimali zingine zilipatikana hapo kwa urahisi, badala ya mahali ambapo ingelazimika maji yapatikane ili kuwezesha [[mashine ya kusaga maji]] ifanye kazi. Katika sekta ya viwanda ya nguo, mashine kama hizo zilikuwa mfano wa mpangilio wa ajira ya binadamu katika viwanda, iliyoonyeshwa bayana na [[“Cottonopolis”]], jina lilopewa idadi kubwa ya [[viwanda vya pamba]], [[viwanda vya kawaida]] na ofisi za usimamizi zilizopatikana mjini [[Manchester]]. Pia mfumo wa kuunda vifaa vilivyosonga mstarini uliboresha sana kazi, katika kiwanda hiki na viwanda vinginevyo. Huku wanaume wengi wakipewa mafunzo ya kufanya huduma moja bidhaa Fulani, halafu kufanya bidhaa hiyo isongeshwe mbele hadi kwa mfanyikazi mwingine, idadi ya bidhaa zilizomalizika iliongezeka pakubwa. Jambo lingine muhimu lilikuwa uvumbuzi wa [[kokoto]] mnamo mwaka wa 1756 (iliyoundwa kwa kutumia [[Chokaa ya kujenga iliyofinyiliwa]]) na mhandisi Mwingereza [[John Smeaton]], ambayo ilikuwa imepotea kwa muda wa karne 13.<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2008) "Building construction: the reintroduction of modern concrete"</ref> === Uhamishaji wa maarifa === [[Picha:Wright of Derby, The Orrery.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mwanafalsafa akitoa hotuba katika eneo la Orrery]] (ca. 1766)<br />iJamii za kifalsafa ambazo hazikuwa na muundo maalum ziliendeza uvumbuzi wa kisayansy]] Maarifa kuhusu undelezaji wa uvumbuzi ulienezwa kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali. Wafanyikazi ambao walipewa mafunzo katika mbinu fulani huenda walisonga kwenda kwa mwajiri mwingine au wakachukuliwa na mwajiri fulani kumfanyia kazi. Mbinu ya kawaida ilikuwa mtu kutembea na kujifunza, huku akikusanya taarifa kila mahali lipoweza. Wakati wa Mapinduzi yote ya Viwanda na kwa karne ya awali, nchi zote za Ulaya na Marekani zilitumia mbinu ya masomo ya kutembea; nchi fulani, kama [[Uswidi]] na Ufaransa, ziliweza hata kuwapa watumishi wa umma au mafundi kufanya masomo hayo kama sera ya kiserikali. Katika nchi zingine, hasa Uingereza na Marekani, mwenendo huu ulifanywa na watengenezaji bidhaa wa kibinafsi waliokuwa na wasiwasi na kwa hivyo waliotaka kuboresha mbinu zao. Kusafiri ili kuyapata masomo kulikuwa maarufu wakati huo, kama ilivyo maarufu siku za leo kwa watu kuandika kumbukumbu za safari zao mbalimbali. Kumbukumbu zilizoandikwa na waanzishaji viwanda na mafundi wa wakati huo ni chanzo kisichoweza kulinganishwa na chochote kingine kuhusu mbinu zao. Njia nyingine ya kueneza uendelezaji wa uvumbuzi ilikuwa mtandao wa jamii za kifalsafa ambazo hazikuwa rasmi, kama vile [[Jamii ya Kimwezi]] ya [[Birmingham]], ambapo wanachama walikutana kuzijadili 'falsafa za kimaumbile' (''yaani sayansi'') na mara kwa mara jinsi ingeweza kutumika katika utengenezaji wa bidhaa. Jamii ya Kimwezi ilinawiri kutoka mnamo mwaka wa 1765 hadi mwaka wa 1809, na imesemekana hivi kuhusu wanachama wa jamii hiyo, "Walikuwa, ukipenda, kamati ya kimapinduzi ya mapinduzi makubwa zaidi ya karne ya 18, ambayo ni Mapinduzi ya Viwandani".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080207075746/http://jquarter.members.beeb.net/morelunar.htm The Lunar Society] at Moreabout, the website of the ''Birmingham Jewellery Quarter'' guide, Bob Miles.</ref> Jamii zingine kama hii zilivichapisha vitabu vingi vya mikutano yao na biashara. Kwa mfano, [[Jamii ya Kimilki ya Sanaa]] iliyokuwa na makao yake mjini London, ilichapisha kitabu chenye picha za vifaa vipya vilivyovumbuliwa, na majarida kuhusu vifaa hivyo katika mikutano yao ya kila mwaka ya ''Kibiashara''. Kulikuwa na vitabu walivyovichapisha vilivyoelezea kuhusu teknolojia. [[Kamusi elezo]] kama vile ''[[Lexicon Technicum]]'' (1704) ya Harris na ''[[Cyclopaedia]]'' ya Daktari Abraham Rees (1802-1819) zina vitu vingi vya maana. ''Cyclopaedia'' inayo idadi kubwa ya taarifa kuhusu sayansi na teknolojia ya nusu ya kwanza ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, zinazoambatana na picha nzuri za kuchongwa. Vyanzo toka nchi geni kama vile ''[[Descriptions des Arts et Métiers]]'' na ''[[Encyclopédie]]'' ya Diderot zilielezea mbinu za kigeni zikitumia picha kwenye vijisahani vya kuchongwa. Kulikuwa na machapisho mengi ya mara kwa mara kuhusu utengenezaji wa bidhaa na teknolojia yaliyoanza katika muongo wa mwisho wa karne ya 18, na mara kwa mara yalihusisha taarifa kuzihusu patenti mpya. Machapisho ya nchi geni, kama vile [[Annales des Mines]], zilizichapisha taarifa kuhusu safari zilizofanywa na wahandisi wa Kifaransa ambao walitazama mbinu za Kiingereza walipokuwa katika safari zao za kujifunza. === Maendeleo ya kiteknolojia nchini Uingereza === ==== Utengenezaji wa nguo ==== {{Main|Utengenezaji wa nguo wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwanda}} [[Picha:Spinning jenny.jpg|thumb|right|Mfano wa mashine ya [[punda mdogo wa kuzungusha]] katika makavazi mjini [[Wuppertal]],Ujerumani. Mashine ya punda mdogo wa kuzungusha ilikuwa mojawapo ya uvumbuzi ulioanzisha Mapinduzi ya Viwanda]] Mapema katika karne ya 18, utengenezaji nguo wa Kiingereza ulitegemea [[sufu]] ambayo ilitengenezwa na [[mafundi]] wa kibinafsi, [[waliozungusha]] na [[kushona]] nyumbani mwao. Mfumo huu unajulikana kama [[karakana ndogo]]. [[Lin]] na [[pamba]] pia zilitumika kutengeneza vitambaa laini, lakini njia ya kuunda ilikuwa gumu, kwa sababu ya shughuli iliyohitajika kufanyika kabla ya kuunda, na kwa sababu hiyo bidhaa zilizotengenezwa na vifaa hivi zilichangia sehemu ndogo tu ya pato. Utumizi wa [[gurudumu la kuzungusha]] na [[mashine ya mkono ya kushona]] uliweka vikwazo dhidi ya uwezo wa uzalishaji wa kiwanda hicho cha nguo, lakini maendeleo yaliyozidi kufanyika yaliongeza uzalishaji hadi kufikia kiwango ambapo bidhaa za kutengenezwa zikawa bidhaa zenye umuhimu zaidi zilizouzwa katika nchi geni kufikia miongo ya mapema ya karne ya 19. Uhindi iling’olewa kama muuzaji mkuu wa bidhaa za pamba. [[Lewis Paul]] aliandikisha patenti ya mashine ya kuzungusha ya kubingiria na mashine ya mfumo wa [[“flyer and bobbin”]] ya kutengeneza sufu iwe na umbo laini, iliyoundwa na usaidizi wa John Wyatt mjini [[Birmingham]]. Paul and Wyatt walifungua kiwanda cha nguo mjini Birmingham ambacho kilitumia mashine yao mpya ya kubingiria iliyoendeshwa na [[punda]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 1743, kiwanda kilifunguliwa mjini [[Northampton]] kikiwa na mbao za kushona hamsini katika kila moja kati ya mashine tano za Paul na Wyatt. Upanuzi huu uliendelea hadi mwaka wa 1764. Kiwanda sawa cha nguo kilijengwa na [[Daniel Bourn]] katika mji wa [[Leominster]], lakini kilichomeka. Lewis Paul na Daniel Bourn wote walipatenti mashine za [[kadi]] mnamo mwaka wa 1748, zIkitumia mipangilio miwili ya mibingirio ambayo ilizunguka kwa mbio tofauti, baadaye zilitumika katika kiwanda cha kwanza cha pamba kuzungushia pamba. Uvumbuzi wa Lewis baadaye uliendelezwa na kuboreshwa na [[Richard Arkwright]] katika [[fremu ya maji]] na [[Samuel Crompton]] katika mashine yake ya [[farasi mdogo wa kuzungushia]]. Wavumbuzi wengine waliboresha kila hatua ya uzungushaji (hatua ya kadi, kusuka and kuzungusha, na kubingirisha) na kuwezesha ugavi wa [[uzi]] kuongezeka vilivyo, jambo lililowezesha kiwanda cha ushonaji kilichokuwa kikizidi kuendelea kuboresha [[mashine ya kushona ya shato]] na lumu au 'fremu'. Uzalishaji bidhaa wa kila mfanyikazi mmoja uliongezeka vilivyo, na kusababisha mashine hizo mpya kuonekana kama tisho kwa ajira, na wavumbuzi wa awali walivamiwa na vifaa walivyokuwa wamevumbua kuharibiwa. Ili kuchukua fursa ya kupata faida kutokana na maendeleo haya, ilikuwa ni zamu ya daraja la [[wajasiriamali]], maarufu kwa wote akiwa ni [[Richard Arkwright]]. Arkwright anatambulika kwa orodha kubwa ya uvumbuzi, lakini vifaa hivyo si yeye aliyevivumbua bali ni watu kama [[Thomas Highs]] na [[John Kay]]; Arkwright aliwakuza wavumbuzi hawa, akasajili patenti za mawazo yao, akawapa usaidizi wa kifedha kwa wale waliojitolea kuvumbua vifaa, na akalinda mashine. Aliunda [[kiwanda cha pamba]] ambacho kilileta hatua za untengenezaji hadi viwandani kutoka manyumbani, na alitengeneza utumizi wa nguvu—kwanza [[nguvu za farasi]] kisha [[nguvu za maji]]— uliofanya utengenezaji wa pamba uambatane na utumizi wa mashine viwandani. Baada ya kipindi kifupi [[nguvu za mvuke]] zilitumika kuendesha mashine za viwanda vya nguo. ==== Ufuaji wa Chuma ==== [[Picha:Philipp Jakob Loutherbourg d. J. 002.jpg|left|thumb|[[mji wa Coalbrookdale wakati wa usiku]], 1801, [[Philip James de Loutherbourg|Philipp Jakob Loutherbourg mdogo]]<br />Tanuri kubwa zinawasha mji wa kufua chuma wa [[Coalbrookdale]]]] [[Picha:Reverberatory furnace diagram.png|thumb|right|Tanuri hii ya kirevaberatori ingeweza kuunda [[chuma nzito]] ikitumia makaa ya mawe yaliyochimbwa kutoka ardhini. Makaa ya mawe yalibaki kando na chuma iliyofuliwa ma kwa hivyo hayakuchafua chuma na uchafu kama vile madini ya kiberiti. Jambo hili liliwezesha ufuaji mwingi zaidi wa chuma.]] Mabadiliko makuu katika viwanda vya chuma wakati wa zama za Mapinduzi ya Viwanda yalikuwa kukoma kutumia kuni ya vitu vilivyokuwa hai hapo awali kama vile [[mbao]] na badala yake kutumia [[kuni za kifosili]] zilizopatikana kutoka makaa ya mawe. Mengi kati ya haya yalifanyika kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, yakitumia maendeleo ya kiuvumbuzi ya [[Clement Clerke]] na wengine tangu mwaka wa 1678, kwa kutumia [[tanuri za kireveberatori]] za makaa ya mawe zilizojulikana kama kupola. Hizi ziliendeshwa kwa kutumia mioto, ambayo ilikuwa na [[kaboni monoksaidi]], ikiingia ndani ya [[mawe ya madini]] na [[kupunguza]] [[oksaidi]] ili iwe chuma. Hii ina faida ya kutohamisha uchafu (kama vile madini ya kiberiti) yanayopatikana ndani ya makaa ya mawe hadi yaiingie ndani ya chuma. Teknolojia hii ilitumika na [[risasi]] kuanzia mwaka wa 1678 na [[shaba]] kuanzia mwaka wa 1687. Pia ilitumika katika kazi ya kuunganisha vifaa vya chuma katika miaka ya 1690, lakini tanuri ya kireveberatori ilijulikana kama tanuri ya hewa. Kupola la kuunganisha chuma ni maendeleo ya uvumbuzi (ya baadaye) na tofauti. [[Abraham Darby]] alifuata na kufanya maendeleo makubwa kwa kutumia koki kama kuni ya [[tanuri za kulipua]] katika mji wa [[Coalbrookdale]] mnamo mwaka wa 1709. Hata hivyo, [[chuma ya nguruwe]] aliyotengeneza na koki ilitumika hasa kwa utengenezaji wa vifaa vigumu vya chuma kama vile masufuria na mabirika. Alikuwa amewashinda washirika wake kwani sufuria zake, zilizoundwa na mchakato wa patenti, zilikuwa konde zaidi na za bei rahisi kuliko zingine. Chuma ya nguruwe ya koki ilitumika nadra sana kutengeneza vipande vya chuma kwa kuchomelea hadi miaka ya kati ya 1750, mwanawe [[Abraham Darby II]] alipojenga tanuri za [[“Horsehay”]] na [[Ketley]] (karibu na Coalbrookdale). Kufikia wakati huo, chuma ya koki ya nguruwe ilikuwa ikiuzwa kwa bei rahisi kuliko chuma ya nguruwe ya makaa. [[Chuma ya Kipande]] iliyotumiwa na wafua chuma ili kutengeneza bidhaa za kutumika bado iliundwa katika [[viwanda vya kuchoma]], kama ilivyokuwa ikifanyika tangu jadi. Hata hivyo, mbinu mpya zilianza kutumika katika miaka iliyofuata. Ya kwanza hivi leo inajulikana kama [[kuweka ndani ya chungu na kukanyaga]], lakini mbinu hii ilipitwa na wakati na baadaye mbinu ya [[Henry Cort]] ya [[“kupudulu”]] ikawa maarufu. Kuanzia mwaka wa 1785, labda kwa sababu mchakato huu ulioboreshwa wa kuweka ndani ya chungu na kukanyaga ulikuwa karibu kuachwa kulindwa chini ya patenti, upanuzi mkubwa katika pato la kiwanda cha chuma cha Uingereza ulianza. Mchakato mpya haukutegemea [[makaa]] na kwa hivyo watu hawakudhibitiwa na kutoweza kupata makaa. Hadi wakati huo, watengenezaji chuma wa Uingereza walikuwa wametumia idadi kubwa ya chuma kutoka nchi geni kuongozea ile iliyopatikana nchini. Chuma hii hasa ilitoka [[Uswdi]] kutoka miaka ya kati ya karne ya 17 na baadayeilitoka hata Urusi kuanzia mwisho wa miaka ya 1720. Hata hivyo, kuanzia mwaka wa 1785, idadi ya bidhaa za kuagizwa ilipungua kwa sababu ya teknolojia mpya ya kutengeneza chuma, na Uingereza ikawa muuzaji nje wa chuma ya vipande vipande na pia mtengenezaji wa [[vifaa vya matumizi vya nyumbani]] vya [[chuma nyepesi]]. Kwa sababu chuma ilikuwa inazidi kuuzwa kwa bei nafuu and kuongezeka zaidi, pia iliifanya kuwa nyenzo muhimu ya ujenzi kufuatia ujenzi wa kibunifu wa [[daraja la chuma]] [[Abraham Darby III]]mnamo mwaka wa 1778. [[Picha:Ironbridge 6.jpg|thumb|[[Daraja la Chuma]], [[Shropshire]], Uingereza]] Uboreshaji ulifanywa katika uzalishaji wa [[stili]], ambayo ilikuwa kifaa cha bei ghali kilichotumika tu ambapo chuma haingefaa, kama vile makali ya vifaa na spring’i. [[Benjamin Huntsman]] alitengeneza mbinu yake ya [[chungu cha stili]] katika miaka ya 1740. Mali ghafi kwa ajili ya kufanya hivi yalikuwa stili ya kijipu, iliyoundwa kwa [[machakato wa kuongeza simiti]]. Usambazaji wa chuma ya bei nafuu zaidi na stili kulisaidia mapipa ya kuchemsha na injini za mvuke yatengenezwe vizuri zaidi, na hatimaye kukawezesha kuundwa kwa barabara za reli. Kuboreshwa kwa [[vyombo vya mashinel]] kuliruhusu chuma na stili kutumika kufanyiwa kazi vizuri na kuliongeza zaidi ukuaji wa viwanda wa Uingereza. ==== Uchimbuzi wa madini ==== [[Uchimbuzi wa makaa ya mawe]] nchini uingereza, hasa katika eneo la [[Wales ya Kusini]] ulianza mapema. Kabla ya injini ya mvuke, [[mashimo]] yalikuwa mafupi na yalifuata maeneo lenye makaa ya mawe juu ya ardhi, ambayo yaliwacha kutumika kadiri makaa ya mawe yalivyochimbwa. Wakati mwingine, ikiwa jiolojia ilikuwa nzuri, makaa ya mawe yalichimbuliwa kwa kutumia [[mgodi wa kiaditi]] au [[mgodi wa kusonga]] uliochimbwa katika upnde wa mlima. [[uchimbuzi wa madini kutoka mashimo yaliyochimbwa]] ulifanywa katika maeneo kadhaa, lakini kikwazo kilukuwa kuyatoa maji. Ingefanywa kwa kutumia ndoo kuyachota maji kutoka mashimo hayo au kwa [[“sough”]] (shimo lililochimbwa katika upande wa mlima ili kutoa mawe yenye madini kutoka kwa mgodi). Kwa kutumia mbinu yoyote ile, maji lazima yangeelekezwa kwa mkondo au chimbuko ambapo yangeweza kutiririka yakitumia mvuto. Kuanzishwa kwa utumizi wa injini ya mvuke kuliwezesha pakubwa kuondoa maji na kuliwezesha mashimo kuchimbwa kwa undani zaidi, na pia kuwezesha makaa ya mawe zaidi kutolewa. Haya yalikuwa maendeleo ambayo yalikuwa yameanza kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, lakini yalitumika kwa injini ya mvuke ya James Watt iliyokuwa bora zaidi kuanzia miaka ya 1770 ambapo yalipunguza bei ya kuni ya injini, na kufanya migodi iwe yenye faida zaidi. Uchimbuzi wa makaa ya mawe ulikuwa wa kihatari sana kwa sababu ya kuwepo kwa [[motonyevunyevu]] katika maeneo mengi yenye makaa ya mawe ardhini. Usalama kidogo ulipatikana kwa kutumia [[taa ya usalama]] iliyovumbuliwa mnamo mwaka wa 1816 na [[Humphry Davy]] na kuvumbuliwa na [[George Stephenson]] akiwa peke yake. Hata hivyo, taa hizo hazikusaidia sana kwani zilisababisha hatari kwa haraka sana na pia zilitoa mwanga dhaifu. Milipuko ya Motonyevunyevu iliendelea, na kuwezesha wakati mwingine [[milipuko]] ya [[vumbi ya makaa ya mawe]], kwa hivyo idadi majeruhi ilizidi kupanda katika kipindi chote cha karne ya kumi na nane. Mazingira ya kikazi yalikuwa mabaya sana, huku kukiwa na visa vingi vya majeruhi kutokana na mawe kuanguka. ==== Nguvu za mvuke ==== {{Main|Nguvu za Mvuke}} [[Picha:Savery-engine.jpg|upright|thumb|left|''Injini ya Savery'' ya mwaka wa 1698– [[Injini]] ya kwanza iliyojengwa na [[Thomas Savery]] kwa mujibu wa picha za [[Denis Papin]].]] Utengenezaji wa [[injini ya mvuke isiyosonga]] ilikuwa kipengele muhimu cha wakati wa mapema cha Mapinduzi ya Viwanda; hata hivyo, kwa muda wa kipindi kirefu wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, viwanda vingi bado vilitegemea nguvu za upepo na maji na hata nguvu za farasi na binadamu ili kuendesha mashine ndogo. Jaribio halisi la kwanza la kutumia nguvu za mvuke lilifanywa na [[Thomas Savery]] mnamo mwaka wa 1698. Alijenga na kupatenti mjini London pampu ya kuinua maji kwa kiwango kidogo iliyojumuisha utupu na shinikizo, na iliyoweza kutoa karibu [[nguvu za farasi]] (HP kwa Kiingereza) moja na iliyotumika katika kazi nyingi zilizohusisha maji na katika migodi michache (ambapo ilipata "jina la kimaarufu", ''Rafiki wa mchimba mgodi''), lakini haikufanikiwa kwa sababu haikuweza kuyapeleka maji juu zaidi ya urefu fulani na sehemu yake ya kuchemshia maji ililipuka kwa urahisi. [[Picha:Newcomens Dampfmaschine aus Meyers 1890.png|thumb|upright|[[Injini ya mvuke ya Newcomen]] ilikuwa injini ya kwanza iliyoweza kufanya kazi vyema. Injini zilizofuata za mvuke ndizo ambazo zingeendesha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani]] Kituo cha kwanza salama ambacho kilizalisha nguvu kutokana na mvuke kilianzishwa na [[Thomas Newcomen]] kabla ya mwaka wa 1712. Newcomen inaonekana aliunda [[Injini ya mvuke ya Newcomen]] bila kumtegemea Savery, lakini kwa sababu Savery alikuwa na patenti pana sana, ilimbidi Newcomen na na washirika wake kufanya mpango naye, wakiitafutia soko injini hiyo pamoja hadi mwaka wa 1733 chini ya patenti moja.<ref>Hulse, David H: The Early Development of the Steam Engine; TEE Publishing, Leamington Spa, U.K., 1999 ISBN 1-85761-107-1</ref><ref>L.T.C. Rolt and J. S. Allen, ''The Steam engine of Thomas Newcomen'' (Landmark, Ashbourne, 1997), 44.</ref> Injini ya Newcomen inaonekana ni kana kwamba iliundwa kwa kuyafuata majaribio ya [[Denis Papin|Papin]] yaliyokuwa yamefanywa miaka 30 hapo awali, na ilitumia pistoni na mtungi, sehemu moja ya mwisho ikiwa imewachwa wazi na anga juu ya pistoni. Mvuke ambao ulikuwa juu ya shinikizo la anga (ambalo ndilo kiasi pekee ambacho mtungi wa kuchemshia maji ungeweza kuhimili) uliingizwa chini nusu ndani ya mtungi ikilaliwa na pistoni wakati wa kusonga kwenda juu kuliowezeshwa na mvuto; mvuke hapo ulikuwa baridi na maji baridi yaliyoingizwa katika nafasi ya mvuke ili kutengeneza nafasi tupi; tofauti ya shinikizo kati ya anga na nafasi tupu katika pande mbili za pistoni ziliifanya pistoni kusonga chini na kuingia katika mtungi, hivyo basi kuinua sehemu ya mwisho ya kifaa kilichokuwa kikisonga juu na chini ambacho kilikuwa kimeunganishwa na pampu nyingi za nguvu zilizotumia mvuto zilizokuwa ndani ya kifaa maalum. Kusonga chini kwa kifaa fulani cha nguvu ndani ya injini, kuliilanisha na kuitayarisha kwa hatua ya kutengeneza shinikizo. Mwanzoni hatua hizo zilifanywa kwa kutumia mkono, lakini baada ya miaka mikumi eneo la kutorosha lilikuwa limetengezwa na lilitumia ''mti wa kuziba'' uliosimama wima ukishikiliwa kichuma fulani ambacho kilifanya injini kufanya kazi peke yake. Injini nyingi za Newcomen zilifanikiwa kutumika nchini Uingereza kwa kutoa maji katika migodi ambayo hapo awali haingeweza kuchimbwa, huku injini ikiwa juu; hizi zilikuwa mashine kubwa, zilihitaji mtaji mengi kujenga na zilizalisha takriban nguvu 5 za farasi (kilowati 3.7). Zilikuwa zinapoteza nguvu nyingi zikilinganishwa na mashine za kisasa, lakini katika maeneo ambapo makaa ya mawe yalikuwa yanapatikana kwa virahisi katika sehemu za mwisho za mashimo, ziliwezesha upanuzi wa uchimbaji wa makaa ya mawe kwa kuruhusu migodi kuenda chini zaidi. Ijapokuwa ya hasara zao, injini za Newcomen zilikuwa za kutegemewa na rahisi kudumisha na ziliendelea kutumika katika migodi ya makaa ya mawe hadi miaka ya mwanzo ya karne ya kumi na tisa. Kufikia mwaka wa 1729, Newcomen alipokufa, injini zake kwanza zilikuwa zimeenea (kwanza) hadi nchini [[Hungary]] mnamo mwaka wa 1722 , Ujerumani , [[Austria]], na [[Uswidi]]. Jumla ya mashine hizo 110 zinajulikana kujengwa kufikia mwaka 1733 ambapo patenti ya pamoja ilipokwisha, 14 kati ya mashine hizo zote zilikuwa katika nchi geni. Katika miaka ya 1770, mhandisi [[John Smeaton]] alijenga mifano mikubwa sana na kuanzisha maboresho. Jumla ya injini 1,454 zilikuwa zimejengwa kufikia mwaka wa 1800.<ref>Rolt and Allen, 145</ref> [[Picha:Watt James von Breda.jpg|thumb|upright|James Watt]] Mabadiliko makubwa katika kanuni za kufanya kazi yalifanywa na [[James Watt]]. Akishirikiana kwa karibu na [[Matthew Boulton]], kufikia mwaka wa 1778 alikuwa amefanikiwa kuboresha [[injini ya Watt ya mvuke|injini yake ya mvuke]], iliyokuwa na mabadiliko mengi makubwa, hasa kufungwa kwa sehemu ya juu ya mtungi hivyo basi kufanya kiendeshaji mvuke kiwe juu ya pistoni badala ya anga, matumizi ya kifungo cha mvuke na chumba maarufu cha kupoesha mvuke. Haya yote yalimaanisha kuwa kiwango cha joto sawa zaidi kingeweza kudumishwa ndani ya mtungi na kuwa kufanya kazi kwa injini kuliwacha kutegemea hali ya anga. Maboresho haya yaliongeza ufanisi wa injini kwa karibu mara tatu, na hivyo kuokoa 75% ya gharama ya makaa ya mawe. Injini ya kianga haingeweza kutumika kwa urahisi kuendesha gurudumu lizunguke, ingawa Wasborough na Pickard walifanikiwa kufanya hivyo kufikia mwaka wa 1780. Hata hivyo, kufikia mwaka wa 1783 injini ya mvuke ya Watt yenye kuokoa pesa zaidi ilikuwa imetengenezwa kikamilifu kuwa aina ya kuzungusha katika sehemu mbili, jambo ambalo lilimaanisha kuwa ingeweza kutumika kuendesha moja kwa moja mashine za kuzunguka za viwanda. Aina zote mbili za injini msingi za Watt zilifanikiwa kununuliwa kwa wingi, na kufikia mwaka wa 1800, kampuni ya [[Boulton na Watt]] ilikuwa imejenga injini 496, zikiwa na pampu 164 za kubadilishana, [[tanuri za kulipuka]] 24 , na mashine 308 za kuwezesha viwanda vya nguo; injini nyingi zilitoa kati ya nguvu za farasi 5 na 10 (kilowati 7.5) Utengenezaji wa [[vifaa vya mashine]], kama vile mashine za lethi, randa na kutengeneza maumbo ziliwezeshwa na injini hizi, zilifanya sehemu zote za chuma za injini kukatwa kwa urahisi na umakini na hivyo basi zikafanya kujenga injini kubwa na zenye uwezo mkubwa kuwezekane. Hadi mwaka wa 1800, muundo wa kawaida sana wa injini ya mvuke ulikuwa [[injini ya boriti]], iliyojengwa kama sehemu muhimu ya nyumba ya mawe au matofari injini, lakini baada ya muda mfupi miundo mbalimbali ya injini ambazo zilizokuwa za kijitegemea za kusongezwa (zilizoweza kutolewa kwa urahisi lakini ambazo hazikuwa na magurudumu) ziliundwa, kama vile [[injini ya meza]]. Kuelekea mwisho wa karne ya 19, mhandishi wa Kikorni [[Richard Trevithick]], na Mumarekani, [[Oliver Evans]] walianza kujenga injini zenye shinikizo nyingi ambazo hazikubadilisha maji kuwa mvuke, na kutoa mvuke kinyume na anga. Kufanya hivi kuliruhusu injini na mtungi wa kuchemsha kujumuishwa pamoja katika kitengo kimoja kilichokuwa kidogo kiasi cha kutumika katika [[garimoshi]] zilizotumia reli na barabara na [[meli za mvuke]]. Katika karne ya mapema ya 19 baada ya patenti ya Watt kumalizika, injini ya mvuke ilipitia mabadiliko mengi yaliyofanywa na wavumbuzi wengi na wahandisi. ==== Kemikali ==== [[Picha:Thamestunnel.jpg|right|thumb| [[Shimo la Thames]] (lililofunguliwa mnamo mwaka wa 1843)<br />Simiti ilitumika katika shimo la kwanza Duniani la chini ya maji]] Uzalishaji mkubwa wa kemikali ulikuwa mojawapo ya maendelo muhimu wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani. Ya kwanza kati yao ikiwemo uzalishaji wa [[asidi sulfuriki]] kupitia [[mchakato wa chumba cha risasi]] iliyovumbuliwa na Muingereza [[John Roebuck]] (mwenziwe wa kwanza wa James Watt) mnamo mwaka wa 1746. Aliweza kuongeza pakubwa kiwango cha utengenezaji kwa kuondoa mitungi ghali ya vioo iliyotumika hapo awali na vyumba vikubwa, na ambavyo havikuwa ghali vilivyoundwa na vipande vya [[risasi]]. Badala ya kutengeneza kiasi kidogo kila wakati, aliweza kutengeneza karibu paundi 100 (kilo 50) katika kila chumba, ongezeko la angalau mara kumi. Uzalishaji wa [[alkali]] kwa kiasi kikubwa ulikuwa lengo muhimu pia, na [[Nicolas Leblanc]] alifanikiwa mnamo waka wa 1791 kuanzisha njia ya kuzalisha [[sodiamu kabonati]]. [[Machakato wa Leblanc]] ulikuwa mmenyuko wa asidi sulfiriki na sodiamu kloridi ili kupata sodiamu salfeti na [[asidi haidrokloriki]]. [[Sodiamu salfeti]] ilichomwa na [[chokaa mawe]] ([[kalsiamu kaboneti]]) na makaa ya mawe ili kupata mchanganyiko wa [[sodiamu kaboneti]] na [[kalsiamu salfaidi]]. Kuongeza maji kulitenganisha sodiamu kaboneti mmunyifu kutoka kwa kalsiamu salfaidi. Mchakato ulisababisha idadi kubwa ya mchafuko wa mazingira (asidi kloriki wakati wa kwanza ilitolewa hewani, na kalsiamu salfaidi ilikuwa bidhaa taka ya bure). Hata hivyo, hii, [[jivu ya kisoda]] ilionekana kuwa yenye gharama ndogo ya kiuchumi ikilinganishwa na kuchomwa kwa mimea maalum ([[barilla]]) au kutoka kwa [[kelp]], ambazo zilikuwa vyanzo vikuu vya hapo awali vya jivu ya kisoda,<ref name="Clow52">{{cite |last1=Clow|first1=Archibald |last2=Clow|first2=Nan L. |date=Juni 1952 |title=Chemical Revolution |publisher=Ayer Co |pages=65–90 |isbn=0-8369-1909-2}}</ref> Na pia kwa [[potashi]] ([[potasiamu kaboneti]]) iliyotolewa kwa majivu ya miti migumu. Kemikali hizi mbili zilikuwa muhimu sana kwa sababu ziliwezesha kuanzishwa kwa uvumbuzi mwingi zaidi, zikichukua mahala pa oparesheni nyingi zilizofanywa kwa maeneo madogo na michakato yenye kuokoa pesa na kudhibitiwa kwa urahisi zaidi. Sodiamu kaboneti ilikuwa na matumizi mengi katika viwanda vya vioo, nguo, sabuni na karatasi. Matumizi ya mapema ya asidi sulfuriki ni kama vile usafishaji wa chuma na stili, na [[kufanya vitambaa kwa vieupe zaidi]]. Kutengenezwa kwa poda ya kufanya vifaa view vieupe zaidi ([[kalsiamu haipoklorati]]) na mwanakemia wa Kiskoti [[Charles Tennant]] karibu mwaka wa 1800, ulikuwa na msingi katika uvumbuzi wa mwanakemia wa Kifaransa [[Claude Louis Berthollet]], na ulisababisha mapinduzi katika mchakato wa kufanya vifaa kuwa viupe zaidi kwa kuupunguza muda uliohitajika (kutoka miezi hadi masiku) ikilinganishwa na mbinu ya kijadi iliyokuwa ikitumika wakati huo, iliyohitaji mfiduo unaorudiwa kwa jua katika mashamba maalum baada ya kulowesha nguo na alkali pamoja na maziwa yaliyoganda. Kiwanda cha Tennant kilichokuwa katika mji wa St Rollox, [[Glasgow]] ya kaskazini, kikawa kiwanda kikubwa zaidi cha kemikali duniani kote. Mnamo mwaka wa 1824 [[Joseph Aspdin]], muwekaji matofari katika nyumba aliyebadilika kuwa mjenzi, alipatenti mchakato wa kikemikali wa kutengeneza [[simiti ya aina ya “Portland”]] ambayo ilikuwa muhimu katika ujenzi. Mchakato huu unahusisha [[kuchoma]] mchanganyiko wa matope na makaa ya chokaa hadi kipimo joto cha 1400&nbsp;°C, alafu kusaga hadi kutengeza vumbi laini inayochanganishwa na maji, mchanga na changarawe ili kuzalisha [[konkreta]]. Simiti ya Portland ilitumika na mhandisi mashuhuri wa Kiingereza [[Marc Isambard Brunel]] miaka mingi baadaye alipokuwa akiunda [[Shimo la Thames]].<ref>[http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/concrete_properties_slides.pdf ''Properties of Concrete''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/concrete_properties_slides.pdf |date=20100628235936 }} Published lecture notes from University of Memphis Department of Civil Engineering. Retrieved 2007-10-17.</ref> Simiti pia ilitumika vilivyo katika katika ujenzi wa [[mfumo wa kupitishia maji machafu wa London]] kizazi baadaye. ==== Vifaa vya mashine ==== [[Picha:Joseph whitworth.jpg|thumb|left|upright| Joseph Whitworth]] Mapinduzi ya viwanda hayangewezekana bila [[vifaa vya mashine]], kwani viliwezesha vifaa vya utengenezaji bidhaa kuundwa. Vina asili katika vifaa vilivyoundwa katika karne ya 18 na waundaji saa na waundaji wa vyombo vya kisayansi kuwawezesha kuzalisha mashine ndogo ndogo. Sehemu za ufundi za mashine za mwanzo za nguo wakati mwingine ziliitwa “kazi ya saa” kwa sababu ya vyuma na vijigurudumu vilivyokuwa ndani. Uundaji wa mashine za nguo ulitumia mafundi wa kazi za saa na ndiyo asili ya viwanda vya kihandisi vya kisasa. Mashine zilijengwa na mafundi mbalimbali—[[maseremala]] walitengeneza vizingiti vya mbao, na wafua vyuma na wapindushaji walitengeneza sehemu za vyuma. Mfano mzuri kuhusu jinsi vifaa vya mashine vilivyobadilisha utengenezaji bidhaa ulifanyika mjini Birmingham, Uingereza, mnamo mwaka wa 1830. Uvumbuzi wa mashine mpya na [[Joseph Gillott]], [[William Mitchell]] na [[James Stephen Perry]] uliwezesha kuunda kwa wingi kwa sehemu za mbele za kalamu dhabiti kwa bei nafuu; mchakato huo hapo awali ulikuwa mgumu na ghali. Kwa sababu ya ugumu wa kufanya kazi na chuma na ukosefu wa vifaa vya mashine, utumizi wa chuma ulikuwa mdogo. Vizingiti vya mbao vilikuwa na hasara ya kubadilisha vipimo kulingana na kiwango cha kipimo joto na unyevunyevu, na viungo mbalimbali mara nyingi viliharibika. Kadiri Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalivyoendelea, mashine zenye vizingiti vya chuma vilikuwa nyingi zaidi, lakini vifaa vya mashine vilihitajika ili kuvinda kwa njia ambayo ingeokoa pesa. Kabla ya ujio wa zana za chuma, chuma ilitumika kazini na mikono na vifaa vya kimsingi kama vile nyundo, faili, vigwaruzo, misumeno na vifaa vya kuchonga. Sehemu ndogo za chuma zilitengenezwa kwa urahisi kwa kutumia mbinu hii, lakini si sehemu kubwa za mashine, uzalishaji ulikuwa mgumu sana na ghali. [[Picha:Lathe.PNG|thumb|right|Lethi ya mwaka wa 1911. Hii ni zana ya mashine inayoweza kutumika kuunda mashine zingine]] Mbali na [[lethi]] za maduka ya kiufundi zilizotumika na mafundi, zana ya kwanza ya mashine ilikuwa [[mashine ya mtungi ya kutoboa mashimo]] iliyotumika kutoboa mashimo makubwa katika mitungi ya awali ya injini za mvuke. [[Mashine ya randa]], [[mashine ya kutoboa mashimo]] na mashine ya [[kutengeneza maumbo]] zilivumbuliwa katika miongo ya kwanza ya karne ya 19. Ingawa [[mashine ya kusaga]] ilivumbuliwa wakati huu, haikutengenezwa kama zana ya maana Katika maduka ya kiufundi hadi Mapinduzi ya Pili ya Viwandani. Uzalishaji wa kijeshi ulikuwa muhimu katika maendeleo ya zana za mashine. [[Henry Maudslay]], ambaye aliipa mafunzo shule ya watengenezaji wa zana za mashine mapema katika karne ya 19, aliajiriwa katika eneo la [[Royal Arsenal]], [[Woolwich]], kama kijana ambapo aliona mashine kubwa za mbao zilizoendeshwa na farasi za kutoboa [[kanoni]] zikitengenezwa na [[Waverbruggans]]. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa [[Joseph Bramah]] kuunda vifuli vya chuma, na baadaye alianza kufanya kazi peke yake. Alikuwa akijibidiisha kuunda mashine za kujenga vifaa vya meli vya kuvutia vitu vya [[Wajeshi Wanamaji]] katika kiwanda cha ufundi cha [[Portsmouth]]. Hizi zote zilikuwa chuma na zilikuwa mashine za kwanza [[kutengenezwa kwa wingi]] na za kutengeza sehemu zenye uwezo wa [[kubadilika]]. Maudslay aliyatumia mafunzo aliyoyapata kuhusu haja ya kuwa na utulivu na umakini kwa kutengeneza zana za mashine, na katika maduka yake ya kiufundi alikipa mafunzo kizazi cha watu wengi kuendeleza kazi yake, kama vile [[Richard Roberts (mhandisi)|Richard Roberts]], [[Joseph Clement]] na [[Joseph Whitworth]]. [[James Fox (mhandisi)|James Fox]] wa [[Derby]] alikuwa na biashara nzuri ya kuuza nje bidhaa za zana za mashine katika theluthi ya kwanza ya karne, kama tu [[Matthew Murray]] wa Leeds. Roberts alikuwa muundaji wa zana za mashine za hali ya juu na mwanzilishi wa kutumia jigi na vipimaji kwa mapimo ya ufasaha katika maduka ya ufundi. ==== Taa ya gesi ==== {{Main|Taa ya gesi}} Kiwanda kingine kikubwa cha kipindi cha baadaye cha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kilikuwa cha [[taa ya gesi]]. Ingawa wengine waliweza kubuni vifaa sawa kwingeneko, kuanzishwa kwa kazi hii katika eneo kubwa kulifanywa na [[William Murdoch]], mfanyikazi wa [[Boulton na Watt]], waanzilishaji wa [[injini ya mvuke ya Watt|injini za mvuke]] za [[Birmingham]]. Mchakato ulihusu kupitisha gesi kwa tanuri kubwa zenye makaa ya mawe, kuisafisha gesi (kutoa kiberiti, amonia na haidrokaboni nzito), kisha uhifadhi na usambazaji wake. Vifaa vya kwanza vilivyowashwa na gesI vilianzishwa mjini London kati ya miaka ya 1812 na 1820. Baadaye vilikuwa mojawapo ya watumiaji wakubwa wa makaa ya mawe nchini Uingereza. Taa ya gesi ilisababisha mabadiliko makubwa katika mipango ya kijamii na ya viwanda kwa sababu iliviruhusu viwanda na maghala kubaki wazi kwa muda mrefu zaidi kuliko kupitia mishumaa na mafuta taa. Kutumika kwake kuliwezesha maisha ya usiku kunawiri mijini kwa sababu miji na maeneo ya ndani ya manyumba yaliweza kumulikwa kwa njia kubwa sana ambayo haikuwezekana miaka ya awali. ==== Kuunda Vioo ==== [[Picha:Crystal Palace interior.jpg|thumb|Kasri la Vioo lilikuwa na [[Maonyesho Makuu]] ya mwaka wa 1851]] Mbinu pmya ya kuzalisha vioo, iliyojulikana kama mchakato wa mtungi, ilitengenezwa Barani Ulaya katika karne ya 19. Mnamo mwaka wa 1832, mchakato huu ulitumika na [[Mandugu wa Chance]] kutengeneza vioo vyembaba. Walikuwa wwazalishaji wakuu wa vioo vya dirisha na kijisahani. Maendeleo haya yaliruhusu vioo vikubwa kutengenezwa bila usumbufu, hivyo basi kukomboa nafasi ya kupanga ndani na pia kuundwa kwa majengo yenye vioo vingi. [[Kasri ya Vioo]] ndioyo mfamo mkuu wa utumiaji wa vioo vyembamba katika njia mpya na ujenzi wa kibunifu. ==== Mapinduzi yalivyoathiri kilimo ==== [[Picha:JohnFowlerTractionEngine.JPG|thumb| Injini ya kulima ya [[John Fowler na Kampuni yake.]]]] Uvumbuzi wa mitambo kulisaidia pakubwa katika kuendesha mbele Mapinduzi ya Kilimo ya Kiingereza. Uboreshaji wa kilimo ulianza katika karne chache kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwanda yalipoanza na huenda ilisaidia kwa kukomboa ajira kutoka ardhi ili ifanye kazi katika viwanda vipya vya karne ya kumi na nane. Kadiri mapinduzi katika viwanda yalipoendelea mfululizo wa mitambo ulipatikana na kuongeza uzalishaji wa chakula kwa kutumia wafanyikazi wachache kuliko hapo awali. [[Kitoboaji mbegu]] cha [[Jethro Tull]] kilichovumbuliwa mnamo mwaka wa 1731 kilikuwa kifaa cha kupanda mbegu ambacho kilizisambaza mbegu vizuri katika ardhi. Jembe ya Rotherham ya [[Joseph Foljambe]] ya mnamo mwaka wa 1730, ndiyo iliyokuwa jembe ya chuma ya kwanza kufanikiwa kibiashara. [[mashine ya kupura]] ya [[Andrew Meikle]] ya 1784 ilikuwa ndiyo mwisho kwa wafanyikazi wengi wa mashamba, na ilisababisha uasi wa kilimo wa [[Maandamano ya Swing]] ya mnamo mwaka 1830. Katika miaka ya 1850 na 1860 [[John Fowler (mhandisi wa kilimo)|John Fowler]], aliyekuwa mhandisi na mvumbuzi, alianza kutafuta uwezekano wa kutumia injini za mvuke kwa kulima na kuchimba mifereji ya kupitishia maji. Mfumo aliovumbua ulihusisha injini moja ambayo haikusonga katika sehemu moja ya shamba ikivuta majembe kwa kutumia kamba au injini mbili ziliwekwa katika pande mbili za mwisho za shamba zinazovuta jembe mbele na nyuma. Mfumo wa kulima wa Fowler ulipunguza gharama ya kulima mashamba pakubwa ikilinganishwa na majembe yaliyovutwa na farasi. Pia, mbinu yake ya kilimo , ilipotumika kuchimba mifereji ya kupitishia maji, ilifanya ardhi yenye maji mengi ambayo haingeweza kutumika hapo awali iweze kutumika. [[Injini ya kuvutwa]] baadaye ilikuwa inaonekana kwa wingi ikitumika pamoja na [[mashine za kupura]] wakati wa kutengeneza nyasi ya mifugo na wakati wa kuyalima mashamba. === Uchukuzi nchini Uingereza === {{Main|Uchukuzi wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani}} Katika mwanzo wa Mapinduzi ya Kilimo, mapinduzi ndani ya nchi yalitumia mito na barabara za kuoitika, huku vyombo vya pwani vikitumika kusafirisha bidhaa nzito baharini. Reli ilitumika kusafirisha makaa ya mawe hadi mitoni ili yasafirishwe tena, lakini mifereji bado haikuwa imejengwa. Wanyama ndio walisaidia katika kusafiri ardhini, na mashua zikisaidia katika usafiri majini. Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yaliboresha miundombinu ya usafiri huku ikewezesha kuwepo kwa mtandao wa mabarabara, mfereji na mtandao wa majini na hata mtandao wa reli. Malighafi na bidhaa zilizokamilika zingewezwa kusongeshwa haraka na kwa bei nafuu kuliko hapo awali. Kuboreshwa kwa uchukuzi pia kuliruhusu mawazo mapya kuenea haraka. ==== Coastal sail ==== Vyombo vya majini kwa muda mrefu vilikuwa vimetumika kwa kusafirisha bidhaa katika eneo la pwani ya Uingereza. Biashara ya kusafirisha makaa ya mawe kutoka London hadi Newcastle ilikuwa imenaza katika [[Zama za Kati]]. Usafirishaji wa biashara katika pwani kwa kutumia bahari nchini Uingereza ulikuwa jambo la kawaida wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, kama ilivyokuwa karne nyingi za awali. Hili lilizidi kuwa jambo la maana reli zilipokuwa katika mwisho wa kipindi. ==== Mito inayoweza kupitika ==== {{See also|Orodha ya mito nchini Uingereza}} Mito yote mikubwa nchini Uingereza iliweza kupitika wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani. Mingine iliweza kupitika katika zama za kale, hasa mto wa [[Severn]], [[Thames]], and [[Trent]]. Mito mingine iliboreshwa, au urambazaji uliweza kufanyika katika maeneo fulani, lakini katika kipindi kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, bali si wakati wa kipindi hicho. Mto Severn, haswa, ulitumika kwa usafirishaji wa bidhaa hadi maeneo ya kati ambazo zilikuwa zimeagizwa hadi Bristol kutoka nje, na kwa uuzaji wa bidhaa nje kutoka vituo vya uzalishaji mjini [[Shropshire]] (kama vile bidhaa za chuma kutoka [[Coalbrookdale]]) na [[Nchi Nyeusi]]. Uchukuzi ulitumia [[trowi]]—vyombo vidogo vya maji ambavyo vingeweza kupita katika katika maeneo mbalimbali ambayo na madaraja katika mito. Trowi zingeweza kupita Mto wa Bristol na kuingia katika bandari za Wales na Somerset Kusini, kama vile [[Bridgwater]] na hata maeneo ya mbali kama vile Ufaransa. ==== Mifereji ==== {{Main|Historia ya mfumo wa mifereji wa Uingereza}} [[Picha:WalesC0047.jpg|thumbnail|[[Daraja la Pontcysyllte]], [[Llangollen]], [[Wales]]]] Mifereji ilianza kujengwa mwishoni mwa karne ya kumi na nane kuunganisha maeneo makubwa ya utengenezaji bidhaa katika Maeneo ya kati na kaskazini na bandari za bahari na mji wa London, amabyo wakati kuo ilikuwa kituo kikubwa zaidi cha utengenezaji bidhaa nchini. Mkifereji ndiyo iliyokuwa teknoljia ya kwanza kuruhusu vifaa vikubwa kusafirishwa kwa urahisi kote nchini. Farasi mmoja wa mfereji angeweza kuvuta mzigo mkubwa mara nyingi kuliko mkokoteni haraka zaidi. Kufikia miaka ya 1820, mtandao wa kitaifa ulikuwepo. Ujenzi wa mifereji ulikuwa kama mfano wa mipango na mbinu ambazo baadaye zilitumika katika ujenzi wa reli. Hatimaye mifereji ilipitwa kama biashara yenye faida na ujenzi wa reli kuanzia miaka ya 1840 na kuendelea. Mtandao wa mifereji wa Uingereza, pamoja na majengo yaliyobaki ya viwanda vya kinu vilivyobaki, ndiyo mojawapo ya dhihirisho bayana la zama za mapema za Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yanayoweza kuonekana nchini Uingereza. ==== Barabara ==== Barabara nyingi za awali za mfumo wa barabara za Uingereza zilitunzwa vibaya na maelfu ya maparokia ya mitaa, lakini kuanzia miaka ya 1720 (na mara chache mapema zaidi) mashirika ya kifedha ya [[turnpike]] yaliundwa kutozwa kodi ili na kudumisha baadhi ya barabara. Kuongezeka kwa idadi ya barabara kuu ziliwekewa vituo vywa “turnpike” kuanzika miaka ya 1750 hadi kiwango ambacho kila barabra kuu ya Uingereza na Wales ilikuwa jukumu la [[shirika la kifedha la “turnpike”]]. Barabara mpya zilizotengenezwa na wahandisi zilijengwa na [[John Metcalf (mhandisi wa kiraia)|John Metcalf]], [[Thomas Telford]] na [[John Loudon McAdam|John Macadam]]. “Turnpike” zilitoka katika katika eneo la mji wa London na zilikuwa mbinu iliyotumika na huduma za Kimiliki za posta kufikia nchi yote. Usafirishaji wa bidhaa nzito katika barabara hizi ulitumia mikokoteni iliyoenda polepole, na yenye miguu pana iliyovutwa na farasi. Bidhaa nyepesi zilisafirishwa kwa kutumia mikokoteni midogo zaidi au kwa kutumia [[farasi]] wengi. Farasi zenye kuvuta majigari madogo yalibeba matajiri, na wale ambao hawakuwa matajiri wangeweza kulipa kuendeshwa katika [[kikokoteni ya kubebewa]]. ==== Njia za reli ==== {{Main|Historia ya uchukuzi wa reli nchini Uingereza}} Njia za reli za mikokoteni za kubeba makaa ya mawe katika maeneo ya uchimbuzi wa madini ulikuwa umenaza kaika karne ya 17 na mara kwa mara yalihusishwa na mifumo ya mifereji au mito kwa usafirishaji zaidi wa makaa ya mawe. Hizi zote zilivutwa na farasi au zilitegemea mvuto , huku zikiwa na injini ya mvuke ambayo haikusonga ya kuivuta mkokoteni maalum juu hadi kilele cha mlima. Matumizi ya kwanza ya [[garimoshi]] ya mvuke yalikuwa katika mkokoteni maalum au njia za sahani (zilivyoitwa mara kwa mara wakati huo kwani ziliundwa na mfano wa vijisahani vya chuma nzito). Reli za umma zilizovutwa na farasi hazikuanza hadi miaka ya mapema ya karne ya 19. Reli za umma zilizovutwa na mvuke zilianza na Reli ya [[Stockton na Darlington]] na mnamo mwaka wa 1825 na reli za [[Liverpool na Manchester]] mnamo mwaka wa 1830. Ujenzi wa reli kuu ukiunganisha miji mikubwa ulianza katika miaka ya 1830 lakini ilizidi kwa kasi katika mwisho kabisa wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani. Baada ya wafanyikazi wengi kumaliza reli, hawakurudi katika maisha yao ya vijijini lakini badala yake walibaki katika miji, wakitoa nyongeza zaidi ya wafinyikazi katika viwanda vya uundaji wa bidhaa. Barabara za reli ziliusaidia uchumi wa nchi ya Uingereza pakubwa, kwa kutoa njia rahisi nay a haraka ya uchukuzi na niia rahisi ya kusafirisha barua na habarii. == Athari za kijamii == Kwa mujibu wa muundo wa kijamii, Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalishuhudia ushindi wa watu wa [[daraja la kati]] ya wanaviwanda na wafanyabiashara ambao waliwashinda daraja la watu lenye ardhi ya mabwana wakubwa. Watu wa kawaida walipata fursa nyingi zaidi za kufanya kazi katika viwanda vipya vya kutengeneza bidhaa, lakini hizi zilikuwa chini ya mazingira magumu ya kikazi yakiwa na masaa marefu ya kazi yaliyotawaliwa na mbio za kufanya kazi za mashine. Hata hivyo, hali ngumu za kikazi yalikuwa miaka mingi kabla ya ujio wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kufanyika. Jamii ya kabla ya viwanda haikuwa na mabadiliko mengi na mara nyingi ilikuwa na uhasama mwingi—[[watoto kufanya kazi]], hali hafu za maisha, na masaa marefu yalikuwa kwa wingi hata kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani.<ref>R.M. Hartwell, ''The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth'', Methuen and Co., 1971, page 339-341 ISBN 0-416-19500-8</ref> === Viwanda na upanuzi wa miji === [[Picha:Cottonopolis1.jpg|thumb|left|Manchester, Uingereza ("[[Cottonopolis]]"), katika picha ya mwaka wa 1840, ikionyesha idai kubwa ya vifaa vya kutoa moshi katika viwanda vya untegenezaji wa bidhaa]] Ueneaji wa viwanda ulisababisha kuanzishwa kwa [[kiwanda cha kuuza bidhaa]]. Cha kwanza ilikuwa ya [[John Lombe]] ya [[Makavazi ya Derby Viwanda|kiwanda cha kuunda nduo kwa kutumia maji]] mjini [[Derby]], kilichoanza mnamo mwaka wa 1721. Hata hivyo, kuibuka kwa kiwanda cha kuunda bidhaa ulifanyika baadaye kidogo wakati uzungushaji wa pama ulipoanza kutumia mitambo maalum. Mfumo wa viwandani uliwajibika pakubwa katika kuibuka kwa [[mji]] wa kisasa, kwani idadi kubwa ya wafanyikazi walihamia miji wakitafuta ajira katika viwanda vya kuunda bidhaa. Hili halikuwa dhahiri popote pengine kama ilivyokuwa katika viwanda vya kinu na viwanda vilivyohusika na kiwanda cha aina hii mjini [[Manchester]], ikipewa jina "[[Cottonopolis]]", na kuwa mji wa kwanza wa viwanda duniani. Kwa kipidindi kikubwa cha karne ya 19, uzalishaji ulifanywa katika viwanda vidogo vya kinu, ambavyo kwa kawaida, vilitumia [[maji]] kufanya kazi na ambavyo vilijengwa kutumikia mahitaji ya mitaa. Baadaye kila kiwanda cha utengenezaji wa bidhaa kilikuwa na injini yake ya mvuke na kifaa cha kupitishia moshi kuiufanya mtungi wa kuchemshia maji uweze kufanya kazi bora zaidi. Mpito wa kuingia zama za upanuzi wa viwanda haukukosa shida. Kwa mfani, kikundi cha wafayikazi wa Kiingereza kilichojulikana kama [[Waludaiti]] kiliundwa ili kuandamana dhidi ya upanuzi wa viwanda na wakati mwingine [[kuharibu]] viwanda. Katika viwanda vingine mpito wa kuingia katika zama ya viwanda haukuibua mgawanyiko. Baadhi ya wanaviwanda wenyewe walijaribu kuboresha maish katika viwanda vya utengenezaji bidhaa na hali ya maisha ya wafanyikazi wao. Mmmoja wa watu aliyeanazisha mabadiliko viwandani alikuwa [[Robert Owen]], aliyejulikana kwa jitihada zake za kwanza za kuboresha maisha ya wafanyikazai katika [[Viwanda vya kinu vya New Lanark]], na mara kwa mara yeye hutazamwa kama mmoja wa wanafalsafa wa [[Uyutopia wa Kisosholista|harakati ya mapema ya kisosholista]]. Kufikia mwaka wa 1746, kiwanda cha kujumuishwa cha kinu cha brasi kilikuwa kikifanya kazi katika mji wa [[Warmley]] karibu na [[Bristol]]. Malighafi yaliingia katika upande mmoja, yakafuliwa kuwa brasi na kubadilishwa kuwa pani, oinim waya na bidhaa nyingenezo. Makazi yalipewa kwa wafanyikazi katika kiwanda. [[Josiah Wedgwood]] na [[Matthew Boulton]] walikuwa wanaviwanda wengine maarufu, amaboa waliotumia mfumo wa viwanda vya utengenezaji bidhaa. === Ajira ya watoto === [[Picha:coaltub.png|right|frame|"Mvutaji"mwenye umri mdogo anavuta sanduku la makaa ya mawe katika shimo la kuchimba madini]] Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalisababisha ongezeko la idadi ya watu, lakini uwezekano wa kuishi kupita miaka ya utotoni haukuboreshwa kupitia kipindi chote cha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani (ingawa vifo vya ''watoto wachanga'' vilipungua sana).<ref name = "Buer"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Demographic Transition and Industrial Revolution: A Macroeconomic Investigation | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2007-11-05 | url = http://www.unc.edu/~oksana/Paper1.pdf | first1 = Michael last1 = Bar | first2 = Oksana | format = PDF | last2 = Leukhina | quote = The decrease [in mortality] beginning in the second half of the 18th century was due mainly to declining adult mortality. Sustained decline of the mortality rates for the age groups 5-10, 10-15, and 15-25 began in the mid 19th century, while that for the age group 0-5 began three decades later | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071127160733/http://www.unc.edu/~oksana/Paper1.pdf | archivedate = 2007-11-27 }}. Although the survival rates for infants and children were static over this period, the birth rate & overall life expectancy increased. Thus the population grew, but the [[demographics|average Briton was about as old]] in 1850 as in 1750 (see figures 5 & 6, page 28). Population size statistics from [http://www.mortality.org/ mortality.org] put the mean age at about 26.</ref> Bado kulikuwa na nafasi ndogo ya elimu, na watoto walitarajiwa kufanya kazi. Waajiri waliweza kumplipa motto kiasi kidogo kuliko mtu mzima ingawa uzalishaji wao ulikawa sawa; hakukuwa na haja ya nguvu katika utumizi wa mashine za viwandani, na kwa sababu mfumo wa viwandani ulikuwa mpya kabisa vibarua waliokuwa watu wazima wenye uzoefu hawakuwepo. Jambo hili lilifanya ajira ya watoto kupendwa katika awamu za kwanza za Mapinduzi ya Viwandani kati ya karne za 18 na 19. [[Ajira ya watoto]] ilikuwa kabla ya miaka ya Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, lakini kufuatia ongezeko la idadi ya watu na elimu iliweza kuwa dhahiri zaidi. Watoto wengi walilazimishwa kufanya kazi katika mazingira mabaya na kulipwa kiasi kidogo kuliko watu wazima.<ref>"[http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/victorian/history/workers1.html The Life of the Industrial Worker in Ninteenth-Century England]".</ref> Ripoti ziliandikwa zikielezea kuhusu dhuluma iliyofanywa, hasa katika migodi ya mawe ya makaa<ref>{{cite web | title = Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2008-03-22 | url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/ashley.html}}</ref> na viwanda vya nguo <ref>{{cite web | title = The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England | year = 2008 | accessdate = 2008-03-22 | url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html}}</ref> na ripoti kama hizi zilisaidia watu kujua zaidi kuhusu mateso waliyofanyiwa watoto. Malalamiko ya umma, hasa katika watu wa daraja la kati na daraja la juu, kulisaidia kufanya mabadiliko katika ustwai wa wafanyikazi. Wanasiasa na serikali zilijaribu kukomesha ajira ya watoto kisheria, lakini wamiliki wa viwanda walikataa; wengi walihisi kuwa walikuwa wakiwasaidia watoto maskini kwa kuwapa pesa za kununua chakula ili kujiepusha na [[kufa njaa]], na wengine walikaribisha tu wafanyikazi wa bei nafuu. Mnamo mwaka wa 1833 na 1844, sheria za kwanza za jumla dhidi ya ajira ya watoto, [[Sheria za viwanda vya Utengenezaji wa Bidhaa]], zilipitishwa nchini Uingereza: Watoto wenye umri mdogo kuliko miaka tisa hawakuruhusiwa kufanya kufanya kazi, watoto hawakuruhusiwa kufanya kazi usiku, na siku ya kazi kwa kijana mwenye umri wa chini ya miaka 18 ulikuwa usizidi masaa kumi na mawili.Wasimamizi wa viwanda vya utengenezaji bidhaa walihakikisha sheria hiyo imetekelezwa. Miaka kumi baadaye, utumiaji wa watoto na wanawake ulipigwamarufuku. Sheria hizi zilipunguza idadi ya vibarua waliokuwa watoto; hata hivyo, ajira ya watoto ilibaki Barani Ulaya na nchini Marekani hadi karne ya 20.<ref>"[http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hine-photos/ Photographs of Lewis Hine: Documentation of Child Labor]". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 1900, kulikuwa na watoto milioni 1.7 walioripotiwa katika viwanda vywa Marekani chini ya umri wa miaka kumi na mitano.<ref>"[http://webinstituteforteachers.org/%7Ebobfinn/2003/industrialrevolution.htm The Industrial Revolution]". The Web Institute for Teachers.</ref> === Makazi === [[Picha:Dore London.jpg|thumb|right|''Juu ya mji wa London kwa Reli''. Picha iliyochorwa na [[Gustave Doré]] katika miaka ya 1870. Inaonyesha mazingira yenye watu wengi na yaliyochafuliwa yaliyoibuka katika miji mipya ya viwanda]] Hali ya maisha wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalitofautiana kutoka kwa mapambo ya manyumba ya wenye viwanda hadi ufukara wa maisha ya wafanyikazi. [[Cliffe Castle]], [[Keighley]], ni mfano mzuri wa jinsi walikuwa wametajirika wakati huo walichagua kuishi. Hii ni nyumba kubwa inayofanana na kasri ikiwa na minara na nyuta za bustani. Nyumba yenyewe ni kubwa sana na imezingirwa na bustani kubwa, Kasri la sasa limefunguliwa kwa umma kama makavazi. Watu masikini waliishi katika nyumba ndogo sana katika vitongji vilivyosongamana. Makazi haya yangetumia vyoo kwa kushiriki, kuwa na mitaro ya uchafu na iliyokuwa wazi na iliyokuwa katika hatari ya [[unyevunyevu]]. Magonjwa yalienezwa kupitia mfumo wa kusambaza maji uliochafuliwa. Hali hii iliboreshwa katika kipindi cha karne ya 19 kadiri sheria za umma za afya zilivyoanzishwa kushughulikia mambo kama vile mitaro ya maji machafu, usafi na kutengeneza kwa vizuizi fulani kuhusu ujenzi wa nyumba. Si watu wote walioishi katika nyumba kama hizi. Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalitengeneza idadi kubwa zaidi ya watu wa daraja la kati katika kazi kama vile mawakili na madakitari. Hali ya maisha za watu masikni ziliboreshwa katika kipindi cha karne ya 19 kwa sababu ya mipango ya serikali nay a mitaa iliyosababisha miji kuwa maeneo masafi zaidi, lakini maisha ya maskini hayakuwa rahisi kwa watu masikkini kabla ya kuenea kwa viwanda. Hata hivyo, kama chanzo cha Mapinduzi ya viwandani, watu wengi wa daraja la kufanya kazi walikufa kwa sababu ya magonjwa yaliyoenea kupitia hali ya maisha ya msongamano. Magonjwa ya kifua, [[kipi ndupindu]] kutoka maji machafu na homa ya kuharisha yalikuwa kawaida, kama tu ugonjwa wa “smallpox”. Ajali katika viwanda vya kutengeneza bidhaa zilizohusisha wafanyikazi watoo na wanawake yalikuwa mengi. Riwaya za [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]] zinaashiria hili; hata baadhi ya vongozi wa kiserikali walistaajabishwa na kile walichokiona{{Citation needed|date=Oktoba 2008}}. Migomo na maandamano ya wafanyikazi yalikuwa pia yalikuwa kawaida. === Waludaiti === {{Main|Uludaiti}} [[Picha:Luddite.jpg|thumb|right|''Kiongozi wa Waludaiti'', picha ya kuchongwa ya mnamo mwaka wa 1812]] Kukuwa kwa haraka kwa uchumi wa Uingereza kuliwagharimu wafanyikazi wengi wa rejareja kazi zao. Harakati ilianza kwanza na wafanyikazi wa [[lesi]] and [[kofia]] karibu na mji wa [[Nottingham]] na kuenea hadi pande zingine za viwanda vya nguo kwa sababu ya kuibuka kwa viwanda mapema. Washonaji wengi pia walijipata kighafla bila ajira kwa sababu hawangeweza kushindana na mashine ambazo zilihitaji tu kuhudumiwa kidogo ( na bila kuhitaji uzoefu) ili kuzalisha nguo zaidi kuliko mshonaji mmoja. Wafanyikazi wengi wa aina hiyo waliokuwa wamepoteza kazi zao, waligeuza hasira yao kwa mashine ambazo zilikuwa zimnyakua kazi zao na wakaanza viwanda vywa utengenezaji bidhaa na mitambo. Washambuliaji hawa walijulikana kama Waludaiti, wafuasi wa aliyesemekana kuitwa [[Ned Ludd]], ambaye alikuwa mtu wa kihadithi tu. Mshambulizi ya kwanza ya harakati ya Waludaiti yalianza mnamo mwaka wa 1811. Waludaiti walipata umaarufu haraka, na serikali ya Uingereza ilichukua hatua kubwa kwa kutumia [[wanamigambo]] au [[majeshi]] kuvilinda viwanda. Waandamanaji waliokamatwa walifikishwa kotini na kuyongwa, au [[hukumu ya kusafirishwa|kusafirishwa]] kwa maisha. Migogoro iliendelea katika sekta myingi kadiri zilivyozidi kuongeza viwanda, kama vile vibarua wa kilimo katika miaka ya 1830, ambapo idadi kubwa ya Uingereza ya kusini iliadhiriwa na usumbufu wa [[Kapteni Swing]]. Mashine za upuraji ndizo zilizolengwa haswa, na kuchoma riki za mashine kulikuwa maarufu. Maandamano hayo hata hivyo, yalisababisha kuundwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwa [[vyama vya wafanyikazi]], na shinikizo zaidi la kufanya mabadiliko. === Mpangilio wa ajira === {{See also|Vyama vya wafanyakazi}} [[Picha:Chartist meeting, Kennington Common.jpg|thumb|Mkutano Mkuu wa Wachatisti iliyofanywa katika eneo la Kennington Common, mnamo mwaka wa 1848]] Mapinduzi ya viwandani yalifanya ajira kukolea katika viwanda vya vinu, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa bidhaa na migodi, hivyo basi kuwezesha mipango ya ''mchanganyiko'' au [[vyama vya wafanyikaz]] ili kusaidia kuendeleza maslahi ya watu waliokuwa wakifanya kazi. Nguvu za vyama vya wafanyikazi ungeweza kudai msharti bora kwa kuondoa ajira yote na kusababisha kukomeshwa kwa uzalishaji. Iliwabidi waajiri kuamua kati ya kukubali matakwa ya vyama vya wafanyikazi ambapo wangelipa gharama au kupitia gharama ya uzalishaji uliopotea. Ilikuwa vigumu kupata wafanyikazi wengine wenye ujuzi wa kufanya kazi ya wale ambao walikuwa wamekataa kufanya kazi, na hivi vilikuwa vikundi vya kwanza kufanikiwa kutetea haki zao kupitia mbinu hii. Njia kuu iliyotumika na vyama vya wafanyikazi kufanya mabadiliko zilikuwa [[hatua za migomo]]. Migomo mingi ilikuwa chanzo cha uchungu mwingi kwa pande zote mbili, vyama vywa wafanyikazi na wasimamizi. Nchini Uingereza, [[Sheria ya Pamoja]] iliwazuia wafanyikazi wasitengeneza aina yoyote ile ya chama cha wafanyikazi kuanzia mwaka wa 1799 hadi ilipofutiliwa mbali mnamo mwaka wa 1824. Hata baada ya hili, vyama vya wafanyikazi bado viliwekewa vikwazo vingi. Mnamo mwaka wa 1832, mwaka wa [[Sheria ya Mageuzi]] ambayo iliendeleza kura nchini Uingereza lakini haikuwezesha upigaji kura kwa wote, wanaume sita kutoka mtaa wa [[Tolpuddle]] mjini Dorset walianzisha Jamii ya Kirafiki ya Vibarua wa Kilimo kupinga kupungua kwa kiwango cha mishahara katika miaka ya 1830. Walikataa kufanya kazi kwa kiasi kilichopungua shilingi 10 kila wiki, ingawa kufikia wakati huu mishahara ilikuwa imepunguzwa hadi shilingi saba na zilikuwa zimepangwa kupungzwa zaidi hadi shilingi sita. Mnamo mwaka wa 1834 James Frampton, mwenye ardhi wa mtaa, alimandikia Waziri mkuu, [[Bwana Melbourne]], kulalamika kuhusu chama cha wafanyikazi, na kusababisha kutumika kwa sheria ya zamani ya 1797 iliyowakataza watu kula viapo kati yao, jambo ambalo wanachama wa Jamii ya Kirafiki ya Vibarua wa Kilimo walikuwa wamefanya. James Brine, James Hammett, George Loveless, James Loveless ndugu yake George, ndugu yake George kisheria Thomas Standfield, na John Standfield mwanawe Thomas walikamatwa, wakapatikana na hatia, na kusafirishwa hadi nchini Australia. Walikuja kujulikana kama [[Mameta wa Tolpuddle]]. Katika miaka ya 1830 na 1840 harakati ya [[Kimkataba]] ilikuwa mkutano wa kwanza mkubwa wa kupangwa wa wafanyikazi wa kisiasa uliofanya kampeni za kutetea usawa wa kisiasa na haki ya kijamii. Mkataba wake wa mageuzi ulipokea zaidi ya saini milioni tatu lakini ilikatiliwa na Bunge bila kuzingatiwa. Watu waliokuwa wakifanya kazi pia waliunda [[Jamii ya Kirafiki|jamii za kirafiki]] na [[Shirika|mashirika ya kijamii]] kama vikundi vya kutoa usaidizi dhidi ya wakati mgumu wa kiuchumi. Wanaviwanda waliotaalamika, kama vile [[Robert Owen]] pia waliunga mkono mashirika haya ili kuboresha hali za watu wa daraja la kufanya kazi. Vyama vya wafanyikazi polepole vilishinda vikwazo vya kisheria dhidi ya haki ya kugoma. Mnamo mwaka wa 1842, [[Mgomo wa Kijumla]] uliohusisha wafanyikazi wa pamba na wafanyikazi wa kuchimba mawe ya makaa ulipangwa kupitia harakati ya [[Kimkataba]] ambayo ilikomesha uzalishaji wa bidhaa kote nchini Uingereza.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609204531/http://www.chartists.net/General-Strike-1842 General Strike 1842] From chartists.net. Retrieved 13 Novemba 2006.</ref> Hatimaye mpango wa kisiasa wneye unfanisi kwa watu wenye kufanya kazi ulifikiwa kupitia vyama vya wafanyikazi ambavyo, baada ya upanuzi wa kibiashara mnamo mwaka wa 1867 na mwaka wa 1885, ulianza kuunga mkono vyama vya kisiasa vya kisosholista ambavyo viliibuka baadaye ili kuwa [[Chama cha Kavi (Uingereza)|Chama cha Kazi]] cha Uingereza. === Athari nyingine === Utumizi wa nguvu za mvuke katika michakato ya viwandani ya [[uchapashaji]] uliwezesha upanuzi mkubwa wa uchapishaji wa magazeti na vitabu maarufu, jambo ambalo liliwezesha kuongezeka kwa idadi ya watu wenye uwezo wa kusoma na mahitaji ya kushiriki kukubwa kwa watu kisiasa. Wakati wa Upanuzi wa Viwandani, [[urefu wa maisha]] wa watoto uliongezeka pakubwa. Asilimia ya watoto waliozaliwa mjini London waliokufa kabla ya kutimiza umri wa miaka ilipunguka kutoka 74.5% mnamo mwaka wa 1730–1749 hadi 31.8% mnamo mwaka wa 1810–1829.<ref name=Buer>Mabel C. Buer, ''Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution'', London: George Routledge & Sons, 1926, page 30 ISBN 0-415-38218-1</ref> Pia, kulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa la mishahara ya wafanyikzai wakati wa kipindi cha mwaka 1813 hadi mwaka 1913.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/exeh.1994.1007 |title=Trends in Real Wages in Britain, 1750-1913 |year=1994 |author=Crafts, N |journal=Explorations in Economic History |volume=31 |pages=176}}</ref><ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/IndustrialRevolutionandtheStandardofLiving.html Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living] From www.econlib.org, downloaded 17 Julai 2006.</ref><ref>R.M. Hartwell, ''The Rising Standard of Living in England, 1800-1850'', Economic History Review, 1963, page 398 ISBN 0-631-18071-0</ref> Kulingana na Robert Hughes katika kitabu chake ''The Fatal Shore'', [[idadi ya wakazi wa Uingereza]] na Wales, ambayo ilikuwa imebaki katika kiwango bila kusonga cha milioni 6 kutoka mwaka wa 1700 hadi mwaka wa 1740, kiliongezeka pakubwa baada ya mwaka wa 1740. Idadi ya watu wa Uingereza ilikuwa imeongezeka kwa zaidi ya mara mbili kutoka milioni 8.3 mnamo mwaka wa 1801 hadi milioni 16.8 mnamo mwaka wa 1851 na, kufikia mwaka wa 1901, ilikuwa imeongezeka karibu mara mbili hadi milioni 30.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060215211500/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fom2005/01_FOPM_Population.pdf The UK population: past, present and future]" (PDF). Statistics.gov.uk</ref> Kadiri hali ya maisha na huduma za kiafya zilivyoboreka wakati wa karne ya 19, ndivyo idadi ya watu nchini Uingereza ilivyoongezeka maradufu kila miaka 50.<ref>"[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/a-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html A portrait of Britain in 2031]". The Independent. 24 Oktoba 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_medicine_01.shtml BBC - History - Victorian Medicine - From Fluke to Theory]. Published: 2002-02-01.</ref> Idadi ya watu ya Bara [[Ulaya]] iliongezeka maradufu wakati wa kipindi cha karne ya 18, kutoka takriban milioni 100 hadi karibu milioni 200, na kuongezeka maradufu tena wakati wa kipindi cha karne ya 19, hadi karibu milioni 400.<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization/12022/Population-change Modernization - Population Change]". Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref> Ukuaji wa sekta ya kisasa ya viwanda tangu kipindi cha mwisho cha karne ya 18 kuendelea kulisababisha [[kukuwa kwa miji mikubwa]] na kuibuka kwa [[mji|miji]] mipya mikubwa, kwanza Barani Ulaya na baadaye katika maeneo mengine, kwani fursa mpya zilileta idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji kutoka jamii za mashambani hadi maeneo mjini. Mnamo mwaka wa 1800, 3% tu ya idadi ya watu duniani iliishi katika miji,<ref>"[http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx Human Population: Urbanization] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx |date=20091026040409 }}". Population Reference Bureau.</ref> takwimu ambayo imeongezeka hadi 50% kufikia kipidindi cha mwanzo cha karne ya 21.<ref>"[http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx Human Population: Population Growth: Question and Answer] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx |date=20130406023303 }}". Population Reference Bureau.</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1717 [[Manchester]] ilikuwa mji mdogo wa kibiashara tu wa takriban watu 10,000, lakini kufikia mwaka wa 1911 mji wa Manchester ulikuwa na idadi ya watu milioni 2.3.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/361363/Manchester Manchester (England, United Kingdom)]. Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref> Sababu ya vifo vingi zaidi katika miji ilikuwa ni [[kifua kikuu]].<ref>"[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/diseases_industrial_revolution.htm Diseases in industrial cities in the Industrial Revolution]". Historylearningsite.co.uk.</ref> Kufikia kipindi cha mwisho cha karne ya 19, kati ya 70 hadi 90% ya wakazi wa miji wa Ulaya na Amerika ya Kaskazini walikuwa wameambukizwa ugonjwa wa ''M. tuberculosis'', na karibu 40% ya vifo vya watu wa daraja la kufanya kazi katika maeneo ya mijini yalisababishwa na kifua kikuu.<ref>"[http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/tuberculosis.html Tuberculosis in Europe and North America, 1800–1922]". ''The Harvard University Library, Open Collections Program: Contagion.''</ref> == Bara la Ulaya == Mapinduzi ya Viwandani katika maeneo yanayopatikana katika Bara la [[Ulaya]] yalifanyika muda mchache baada ya kufanyika nchini [[Uingereza]]. Katika viwanda vingi, jambo hili lilihusisha matumizi ya teknolojia iliyokuwa na asili yake nchini Uingereza ambapo iliendelezwa katika maeneo mapya. Mara nyingi teknoljia hiyo ilinunuliwa kutoka nchini Uingereza au wahandisi wa Uingereza na wajasiriamali walihamia nchi za ng’ambo wakitafuta fursa mpya. Kufikia mwaka wa 1809 sehemu ya [[Eneo la Ruhr|Bonde la Ruhr]] katika jimbo la Westphalia liliitwa 'Uingereza Ndogo' kwa sababu ya kufanana na maeneo ya viwanda nchini Uingereza. Serikali za Kijerumani, Kirusi na Kibegiji zote zilitoa fedha ili kukuza viwanda vipya. Kwa baadhi ya bidhaa (kama vile [[chuma]]), upatikanaji tofauti wa rasilimali nchini kulimaanisha kuwa nit u baadhi ya vipengele vya teknolojia ya Uingereza vilivyotumika. === Wallonia, Ubelgiji === [[Picha:Houding1.jpg|thumb| [[Vifaa vya kuinua meli katika Mfereji mzee wa Canal du Centre]]mwaka wa 1900 [[Eneo la Kitamaduni la Dunia]]]] [[Picha:Bois-du-Luc CM3JPG.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya wafanyikazi katika eneo la Bois-du-Luc (1838-1853) katika [[La Louvière]]]] Maarufu kwa makaa yake ya mawe na chuma yake ya aina ya stili, [[Wallonia]] imekuwa na uzoefu mkubwa wa viwanda tangu Zama za Kati. Kwa miaka mingi, viwanda vya kuunda bidhaa nzito nzito ndivyo vilivyokuwa kiendeshaji cha uchumi wa kanda hiyo. Hakika, mji wa Wallonia ndio uliokuwa eneo la kuzaliwa kwa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani katika Bara la Ulaya: <blockquote>Kabla ya ujenzi wa reli katika Bara Ulaya lilihitaji idadi kubwa ya chuma iliyoweza kuchomwa na kufanywa kuwa umbo lolote kwa urahisi ili kuunda chuma za reli, ambapo chuma dhaifu za bei ya rejareja zilitumika, Wallonia ilikuwa eneo la kipekee Barani Ulaya kufanikiwa katika kuufuata mfano wa Uingereza. Tangu miaka ya kati ya 1820, vifaa vingi vilivyojumuisha tanuri za kulipua za koki na hata viwanda vya vinu vya “puddling” na kubingirisha zilijengwa katika maeneo ya kuchimba makaa ya mawe karibu na miji ya [[Liège]] na [[Charleroi]]. Ikishinda vingine vyote, viwanda vya [[John Cockerill]] katika mji wa [[Seraing]] vilijumisha hatua zote za uzalishaji, kuanzia uhandisi hadi utoaji wa malighafi, kufikia mwaka wa 1825.<ref>Chris Evans, Göran Rydén, ''The Industrial Revolution in Iron; The impact of British Coal Technology in Ninenteenth-Century Europe'' Published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., Farnham2005, pp. 37-38 ISBN 0-7546-3390-X.</ref></blockquote> Mji wa Wallonia ulikuja kutazamwa kama mfano wa mabadiliko makuu ya upanuzi wa viwandani. Kwa sababu ya makaa ya mawe (jina la Kifaransa "houille" lilibuniwa mjini Wallonia),<ref>a word from [[Walloon language|Walloon]] origin</ref> kanda hiyo ilijitayarisha kuwa nguvu ya pili katika eneo la kiwandani baada ya Uingereza. Lakini pia inadokezwa na watafiti wengi kuwa, pamoja na ''[[Sillon industriel]]'' yake, haswa katika maeneo la [[Haine]], [[Sambre]] na Bonde la [[Mto Meuse|Meuse]], kati ya [[Borinage]] na [[Liège (mji)|Liège]], (...) kulikuwa na maendeleo makubwa ya viwandani yaliyotegemea uchimbaji wa makaa ya mawe na utengenezaji wa chuma...'<ref>Muriel Beven and Isabelle Devos, 'Breaking stereotypes', in M.Beyen and I.Devos (editors), 'Recent work in Belgian Historical Demography', in ''Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine'', XXXI, 2001, 3-4, pages 347-359 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070610160338/http://www.flwi.ugent.be/btng-rbhc/pdf/BTNG-RBHC,%2031,%202001,%203-4,%20inhoud.pdf]</ref>. Philippe Raxhon aliandika kuhusu kipindi hicho baada ya mwaka wa 1830: "Haikuwa propaganda lakini ukweli kuwa maeneo ya Walloon yalikuwa yakielekea kuwa nguvu za pili za viwandandani nchini kote baada ya Uingereza."<ref>Philippe Raxhon, ''Le siècle des forges ou la Wallonie dans le creuset belge (1794-1914)'', in B.Demoulin and JL Kupper (editors), ''Histoire de la Wallonie'', Privat, Toulouse, 2004, pages 233-276, p. 246 ISBN 2-7089-4779-6</ref> "Kituo cha pekee cha viwandani nje ya migodi ya mawe ya makaa na tanuri za kulipuka za Walloon yalikuwa kijiji cha zamani za kutengeneza nguo cha [[Ghent]]."<ref>[European Route of Industrial Heritage http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=114 {{Wayback|url=http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=114 |date=20130731024244 }}]</ref> Michel De Coster, Profesa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Liège]] pia aliandika: "Wanahistoria na wanauchumi wanasema kuwa Ubelgiji ilikuwa nchi ya pili duniani ya nguvu viwandani, kulingana na na wakazi wake na wilaya yake(…) Lakini safu hii ni ile ya Wallonia ambapo migodi ya mawe ya makaa, tanuri za kulipua, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa chuma na zinki. Kiwanda cha sufu, kiwanda cha vioo, kiwanda cha silaha ... vyote vilikolea " <ref>Michel De Coster, ''Les enjeux des conflits linguistiques'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007, ISBN 978-2-296-0339-8 , pages 122-123</ref> ==== Matokeo ya Kidemografia ==== [[Picha:Belgium resources 1968.jpg|thumb| [[Sillon industriel]] ya mji wa [[Wallonia]] tilia maanani eneo la buluu katika pande ya kaskazini]] [[Picha:Chassis à molette de Crachet à Frameries vue large.JPG|thumb| ''Gallow frame'' ya ''Crachet'' katika [[Frameries]] katika lugha ya Kifaransa ya Wallonia ''Châssis à molettes''au ''Belfleur'' (Kifaransa ''Chevalement'' ]] [[Picha:Affiche 1905.jpg|thumb|Picha rasmi ya maonyesho ya Dunia ya [[Liège]] ya mwaka wa 1905]] Wallonia ilikuwa eneo la kuzaliwa kwa chama chenye nguvu cha Kisosholista na vyama vyenye nguvu vya wafanyikazi katika mandhari fulani ya kijamii. Kushoto, kuna ''Sillon industriel'', ambayo inapatikana kutoka eneo la [[Mons]] katika eneo la Magharibi, hadi [[Verviers]] katika eneo la mashariki (isipokuwa sehemu ya Flanders ya Kaskazini, katika kipindi kingine cha Mapinduzi ya Viwandani, baada ya mwaka wa 1920). Hata kama Wallonia ndiyo nchi ya pili ya viwandani baada ya Uingereza, athari ya mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalikuwa tofauti. Katika kitabu cha 'Kuvunja dhana za Kiakili', Muriel Beven na Isabelle Devos wanasema: <blockquote>Mapinduzi ya Viwandani yalibadilisha jamii iliyokuwa ya mashambani kuwa jamii ya mjini, lakini kukiwa na tofauti kubwa kati ya [[Ubelgiji]] ya kaskazini nay a kusini. Wakati wa [[Zama za Kati]] na Kipindi cha Mapema cha Kisasa, eneo la Flanders lilikuwa na sifa ya kuwa na vituo vikubwa vya mji (...) katika kipindi cha mwanzo cha karne ya kumi na tisa eneo hili (Flanders), likiwa na kiwango cha muwa mji cha asilimia 30, kilibaki kuwa mojawapo ya maeneo yenye miji mikubwa zaidi duniani. Kwa kulinganisha, uwiano huu ulifikia asilimia 17 katika eneo la Wallonia, na chini ya asilimia 10 katika maeneo mengi ya Ulaya ya Magharibi, 16 nchini Ufaransa na asilimia 25 nchini Uingereza. Kuenea kwa viwanda katika karne miundomsingi ya kijadi ya miji, isipokuwa katika mji wa [[Ghent]] (...) Pia, katika mji wa [[Wallonia]] mtandao wa mji wa kijadi haukuathiriwa pakubwa na mchakato wa upanuzi wa viwanda, hata ingawa uwiano wa wakazi wa miji ulipanda kutoka asilimia 17 hadi asilimia 45 kati ya mwaka wa 1831 na mwaka wa 1910. Hasa katika maeneo ya [[Haine]], [[Sambre]] na mabonde ya [[Mto Meuse|Meuse]], kati ya [[Borinage]] na [[Liège (mji)|Liège]], ambapo palikuwa na maendleo mengi ya viwandani yaliyotegemea uchimbuzi wa migodi ya makaa na uundaji wa chuma, kuenea kwa miji kulikuwa haraka. Katika miaka hii themanini idadi ya manisipaa zenye zaidi ya wakazi 5,000 ilipanda kutoka 21 tu hadi zaidi ya mia, huku zikijaza zaidi ya nusu ya idadi ya watu wa Kiwaluni katika eneo hili. Hata hivyo, kuenea kwa viwanda ulibaki kuwa wa aina ya kijadi hakukusababisha kukuwa kwa miji mikubwa ya kisasa, lakini kuishi kwa watu wengi katika vijiji vyenye viwanda na miji kulifanyika karibu na mgodi wa makaa ya mawe au kiwanda cha utengenezaji wa bidhaa. Njia za mawasiliano kati ya vito hivi vidogo zilikuja tu kuwa na watu wengi baadaye na ziliunda umbo dogo zaidi la mji, kwa mfano, eneo linalozingira Liège ambapo mji mzee ulikuwa kuelekeza mitiririko ya wahamiaji.<ref>Muriel Beven and Isabelle Devos, ''Breaking stereotypes'', art. cit., pages 315-316</ref></blockquote> ==== Matokeo ya kisiasa na kijamii ==== Wallonia ilikuwa nchi ya [[mgomo wa kijumla]]. Mgomo wwa kijumla ni wakati ambapo wafanyikzi wengi wanawacha kufanya kazi katika viwanda vyote katika eneo fulani au nchi fulani. Kuwacha kufanya kazi kwa namna hii ni wa kiuchumi ikiwa lengo lake ni kurekebisha shida fulani au kumsukuma mwajiri mfululizo wa madai ya kiuchumi. Ni wa kisiasa ikiwa umeitwa kwa lengo kuilazimisha serikali kufanya jambo fulani au ikiwa lengo ni kuipindua serikali iliyopo. Mgomo wa aina ya kisiasa umeungwa mkono na wasindiketi na kwa kiwango fulani na harakati za kianakisti".<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-generals.html The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2008]</ref> Migomo ya kijumla ilifanyika katika eneo la Wallonia mnamo mwaka wa 1885 (mgomo huu ulianza kusherehekea [[Commune de Paris]]), 1902, 1913 (ili kuweza kupata haki ya kupiga kura kwa wote), 1932, 1936 (ili kupata likizo ambapo wafanyikazi wanalipwa), 1950 (dhidi ya [[Leopold III wa Ubelgiji|Leopold III]]), katika majira ya baridi ya 1960-1961 ili kupata uhuru wa eneo la Wallonia, wakati kushuka kwa uchumi wa Walloon ulipokuwa wazi na wkati ilipokuwa (au wakati ilipoonekana) wazi kwa baadhi ya viongozi wa vyama vya wafanyikazi, kuwa serikali uya Ubelgiji haingeweza kufanya chochote kusaidia uchumi wa Wallonia usaidike. === Ufaransa === [[Picha:Barricade18March1871.jpg|thumb|Kufungwa kwa barabara katika Commune de Paris—ilifanywa mnamo mwezi Machi mwaka wa 1885 katika eneo la Wallonia kupitia mgomo wa kijumla wa tarehe 18 Machi, mwaka wa 1871.]] Mapinduzi ya viwandani nchini Ufaransa ulikuwa mchakato fulani kwani haukufuata mtindo mkuu uliofuatwa na nchi nchi zingine.Haswa, wahistoria wengi wa Kifaransa huwa na mtazamo kuwa Ufaransa haikupitia enzi ''ya kupanda''<ref>Jean Marczewski, « Y a-t-il eu un "''take-off''" en France ? », 1961, dans les ''Cahiers de l'ISEA''</ref>.Badala yake, kukuwa kwa uchumi wa Ufaransa na mchakato wa upanuzi wa viwanda ulikuwa polepole na wa makini katika karne za kumi na nane na kumi na tisa. Hata hivvyo, hatua fulani zilitambuliwa na Maurice Lévy-Leboyer : * Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa na Vita vya Napolia (1789-1815), * Upanuzi wa viwanda, pamoja na Uingereza (1815-1860), * Uchumi kukuwa polepole (1860-1905), * marekebisho ya ukuaji baada ya 1905. == Marekani == {{Main|Historia ya viwanda na teknolojia ya Marekani}} [[Picha:SlaterMill.JPG|thumb|left|Kiwanda cha kinu cha Slater]] Awali, Marekani ilitumia mashine zilizotumia farasi kwa mahitaji ya nguvu katika viwanda vyake, lakini mwishowe ilianza kutumia nguvu za maji, na matokeo yakasababisha upanuzi wa viwandani kimsingi ulibaki katika eneo la [[Uingereza Mpya]] na upande uliosalia wa [[Kaskazini-mashariki mwa Marekani]], ambapo mito yenye maji yaliyosonga kwa kasi yanapatikana. Uzalishaji unaotegemea farasi kuvuta vitu ilionekana kuwa yenye changamoto nyingi na mbinu ya mbadala iliyokuwa gumu zaidi kuliko mbinu mpya ya kuunda bidhaa viwandani iliyotumia maji. Hata hivyo, malighafi (pamba) ilitoka eneo la [[Marekani Kusini]]. Haikuwa hadi baada ya [[Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Marekani|Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe]] katika miaka ya 1860 ambapo utengenezaji bidhaa uliotumia mvuke ulipita utengenezaji bidhaa uliotumia maji, hivyo basi kuruhusu kiwanda kuenea nchini kote. [[Samuel Slater]] (1768–1835) ni maarufu kama mwanzilishi wa sekta ya pamba nchini Marekani. Kama kijana mwanafunzi katika mji wa [[Derbyshire]], Uingereza, alijifunza mbinu mpya za kiwanda cha nguo na alizipuuza sheria dhidi ya uhamiaji wa wafanyikazi wenye ujuzi kwa kuelekea mji wa New York mnamo mwaka wa 1789, akitumaini kupata pesa na maarifa yake. Slater, alijiunga na [[Mandugu wa Cabot]] na wawekezaji, ma kuanzisha [[Kiwanda cha Utengenezaji Pamba cha Beverly]] mjini [[Beverly, Massachusetts]]. Hiki kilikuwa kiwanda cha kinu cha kwanza cha pamba nchini Marekani. Kiwanda hichi cha kinu kiliundwa kutumia nguvu za farasi. Wafanyikzai wa kinu walijifunza haraka kuwa utulivu wa kiuchumi wa kifaa chao kilichovutwa na farasi haukuwa dhabiti, na walikuwa na maswala ya kifedha miaka mingi baada ya ujenzi. Ijapokuwa ya hasara, kiwanda hicho kilikuwa kama eneo la kukuza ubunifu, kwa kutengeneza idadi kubwa ya pamba na pia kwa kutengeneza muundo wa kinu wa kutengeneza pamba uliotumika katika kinu cha pili cha Slater<ref>"Made In Beverly-A History of Beverly Industry", by Daniel J. Hoisington. A publication of the Beverly Historic District Commission. 1989.</ref>, [[Kinu cha Slater]] katika eneo la [[Pawtucket, Kisiwa cha Rhode]], mnamo mwaka wa 1793. Alizidi na kuendelea ambapo alikuwa na vinu kumi na vitatu vya nguo.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica (1998): ''Samuel Slater''</ref> [[Daniel Day]] alianzisha kinu cha kukadi katika [[Bonde la Blackstone]] mjini [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]] mnamo mwaka wa 1810, kinu cha sufi cha tatu kilichoanzishwa nchini Marekani (Cha kwanza kilikuwa katika mji wa [[Hartford, Connecticut]], na cha pili katika mji wa [[Watertown, Massachusetts]].) makavazi ya [[John H. Chafee]] ya [[Bonde la Mto Blackstone la Kitamaduni]] inafuata historia ya "Mto wa Marekani uliofanya Kazi Nyingi Zaidi', Mto Blackstone. [[Mto Blackstone]] na vijito vyake, vinavyopita katika eneo la zaidi ya maili 45 (kilomita 72) kutoka [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]] hadi [[Providence, Kisiwa cha Rhode|Providence]], ilikuwa eneo ambapo Mapinduzi ya Viwandani ya Amerika yalifanyika. Katika kilele chake cha vuwanda vya vinu 1100 vilivyofanya kazi katika bonde hilo, ikiwemo kiwanda cha kinu cha Slater, na pamoja nayo mwanzo wa mapema kabisa wa Maendeleo ya Kiteknolojia na Viwanda ya Amerika. Wakati aliposafiri kwenda Uingereza mnamo mwaka wa 1810, Mfanyibiashara [[Francis Cabot Lowell (mfanyibiashara)|Francis Cabot Lowell]] wa [[Newburyport, Massachusetts|Newburyport]] aliruhusiwa kutembelea viwanda vya [[nguo]] vya Uingereza, lakini bila ya kuandika chochcote. Alipogundua kuwa [[Vita vya mwaka 1812]] vilkuwa vimeharibu biashara yake ya uagizaji bidhaa kuttoka nchi geni lakini soko la vitambaa vilivyokamilika vya nyumbani lilikuwa likiibuka nchini Marekani, alikumbuka muundo wa mashine za nguo, na aliporudi nchini Marekani, alianzisha [[Kampuni ya Utengenezaji]] bidhaa. Lowell na wenziwe walijenga kiwanda cha pili cha kinu cha Marekani cha kubadilisha pamaba iwe kitambaa katika eneo la [[Waltham, Massachusetts]], ikija nafasi ya pili baada ya [[Kiwanda cha Utengenezaji Pamba cha Beverly]]. Baada ya kifo chake mnamo mwaka wa 1817, wenzake wa kibiashara walijenga mji wa kwanza Marekani wa viwanda vya utengenezaji bidhaa vua kupangwa, ambao waliupa jina lake. Biashara hii ilipata mtaji wake kutoka [[Utoaji Hisa kwa Umma]], mojawapo ya matumizi yake ya awali nchini Marekani. [[Lowell, Massachusetts]], ikitumia maili 5.6 (kilomita 9) za mifereji na nguvu za farasi elfu kumi iliyosafirishwa na [[Mto Merrimack]], hutazamwa kuwa kama is considered the 'Mwanzo wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani nchini Marekani'. [[Mfumo wa Lowell]] uliofanana Yutopia na uliokaa kwa kipindi muda mchache ulitengeneza, kama jibu la moja kwa moja la hali duni za kikazi za Uingereza. Hata hivyo, kufikia mwaka wa 1850, hasa kufuatia [[Ukame wa Viazi wa nchi ya Ireland]], mfumo huo ulikuwa umebadilishwa na ajira ya wahamiaji maskini. Kuundwa katika viwanda kwa saa pia kulianza katika mwaka wa 1854 pia katika eneo la Waltham, Massachusetts, katika [[Kampuni ya Saa ya Waltham]], pamoja na maendeleo ya zana za mashine, zana, vipimaji, na mbinu za kuunda bidhaa zilizotumiwa katika ufasaha mdogo unaohitajika kuunda saa. == Ujapani == {{Main|Matengenezo ya Meiji |Historia ya Kiuchumi ya Ujapani}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1871 kikundi cha wanasiasa wa Kijapani waliojulikana kama [[Mishoni ya Iwakura]] walitembelea nchi ya Ulaya na Marelani kujifunza mbinu za magharibi. Chanzo kilikuwa sera uundaji wa viwanda za kimakusudi zilizoanzishwa na serikali zilizonuiwa kuzuia Ujapani isachwe nyuma. [[Benki ya Ujapani]], iliyoanzishwa mnamo mwaka wa 1877, ilitumia kodi kulipia mifano ya viwanda vya utengenezaji wa stili na nguo. Elimu ilipanuliwa na wanafunzi wa Kijapani walitumwa magharibi kusoma. == Mapinduzi ya Pili ya Viwandani na mabadiliko ya baadaye == {{Main|Mapinduzi ya Pili ya Viwandani}} [[Picha:ConverterB.jpg|thumb|Kibadilishaji cha Bessemer]] Mahitaji makubwa ya barabara za reli ya reli ambayo ingeweza kudumu zaidi ilisababisha kuvumbuliwa kwa mbinu za kuzalisha kwa bei nafuu idadi kubwa ya stili. Stili mara nyingi hutajwa kama eneo ya kwanza kati ya maeneo mengi ya uzalishaji wa kiasi kikubwa viwandani, ambazo zinasemekana kuwa sifa ya "Mapinduzi ya Viwandani ya Pili ", kuanzia mwaka wa 1850, ingawa mbinu ya kutengeneza [[stili]] kwa kiwango kikubwa haikuvumbuliwa hadi mnamo miaka ya 1860, wakati ambapo [[Henry Bessemer]] aliundwa tanuri mpya ambayo ingeweza kutengeneza [[chuma nzito]] na stili kwa kiwango kikubwa. Hata hivyo, iliweza tu kupatikana kwa wingi katika miaka ya 1870. Mapinduzi haya ya pili ya Viwandani yalikua ya polepole na ya kujumuisha [[kiwanda cha kemikali|viwanda vywa kemikali]], usafishaji na usambazaji wa [[mafuta]], [[viwanda vya umeme]], na, katika karne ya ishirini, [[kiwanda cha magari|viwanda vya magari]], na ilikuwa na mpito ya uongozi wa kiteknolojia kutoka nchi ya Uingereza hadi nchi Mrekani na Ujerumani. Kuanzishwa kwa kizazi cha [[nguvu za umeme za maji]] katika milima ya [[Alps]] kuliwezesha kuenea kukubwa kwa eneo la kaskazini la Italy ambalo halikuwa na viwanda, kuanzia miaka ya 1890. Kuzidi kongezeka kwa bidhaa za mafuta za bei nafuu pia kulipunguza umuhimu wa makaa ya mawe na kulipanua zaidi uwezo wa kuwa na viwanda zaidi. [[Marshall McLuhan]] aliyachambua matokeo ya kijamii na kitamaduni ya [[zama za umeme]]. Ingawa zama ya awali ya [[mashine]] ilikuwa imeeneza wazo la kugawa kila mchakato uwe mtiririko, hili lilimalizwa na kuanzishwa kwa kasi ya mara moja ya umeme ambayo iliwezesha mambo kufanyika mara moja. Jambo hili lilileta mabadiliko ya kitamaduni kutoka kwa mtazamo wa kuangalia "maeneo maalum " (kushikilia mtazamo maalum), hadi kwa dhana ya "kujua mara moja kwa kuhisi kuhusu yote", na umakini kwa "eneo jumla", "hisia ya muundo mzima". Ilifanya iwe dhahiri na dhana ya "umbo na umoja", an "dhana muhimu ya muundo na kufanya kazi". Hii ilikuwa na athari kubwa katika masomo ya uchoraji (na [[ukiubi]]), fizikia, ushairi, mawasiliamo na [[nadharia ya elimu]].<ref>[[Marshall McLuhan]] (1964) ''[[Understanding Media]]'', p.13 [https://web.archive.org/web/20071218071224/http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/McLuhan-Understanding_Media-I-1-7.html]</ref> Kufikia miaka ya 1890, kuenea kwa viwanda katika maeneo haya ulikuwa umeunda mashirika ya kwanza makubwa yaliyokuwa na maslahi ya kimataifa, kama vile kampuni kama vile [[Shrika la Marekani la Stili|U.S. Steel]], [[General Electric]],na [[Bayer|Bayer AG]] yaliyojiunga kampuni za njia za reli katika [[masoko ya hisa]] ya Dunia. == Dhana za kielimu na ukosoaji == === Ubepari === {{Main|Ubepari}} Ujio wa [[Enzi ya Kutaalamika]] ulitoa miundomsingi ya kitaaluma ambayo iliambayo ilikaribisha kutumika bayana kwa mwili wa maarifa ya kisayansi—chanzo kinachothibitika wazi maendeleo ya kimfumo ya injini ya mvuke, iliyoongzwa kwa kutumia uchunguzi wa kisayansi, na maendeleo katika uchunguzi wa kisiasa na katika [[elimu ya kijamii]], iliyofikia upeo wake katika kitabu cha [[Adam Smith]] kilichoitwa ''[[Utajiri wa Mataifa]]''. Mojawapo ya hoja za kuunga mkono ubepari, iliyoandikwa katika kitabu ''[[Kuboresha Hali ya Dunia]]'', ni kuwa kuenea kwa viwanda kunaongezea kila mtu utajiri, kama inavyothibitishwa na kuongezeka kwa urefu wa maisha ya watu, kupunguka kwa masaa ya kazi, na watoto na watu wazee kutofanya kazi. === Umaksi === {{Main|Umaksi}} Umaksi ulianza kimsingi kama mmenyuko wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandani.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.mises.org/journals/rae/pdf/rae4_1_5.pdf Karl Marx: Communist as Religious Eschatologist]|3.68&nbsp;MB}}</ref> Kulingana na [[Karl Marx]], kuenea kwa viwanda kulifanya jamii kutengana na kuwa [[“bourgeoisie”]] (wale ambao wanamiliki [[mbinu za uzalishaji]], viwanda vya utengenezaji bidhaa na ardhi) na kundi la [[“proletariat”]] lenye watu zaidi (watu wanaofanya kazi na amabo hufanya kazi [[ajira (uchumi)|ajira]] inayotakikana kutoa kitu cha thamani kutoka kwa mbinu za uzalishaji). Aliona mchakato wa kuenea kwa viwanda kama umantiki wa [[dialectics|dialectical]] progression of feudal economic modes, necessary for the full development of capitalism, which he saw as in itself a necessary precursor to the development of [[socialism]] and eventually [[communism]]. ===Romanticism===<!-- This section is linked from [[And did those feet in ancient time]] --> {{Main|Uromantiki}} Wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Viwandanu uadui dhidi wa kitaaluma na kisanii dhidi ya kuenea kwa viwanda kulitokea. Jambo hili lilijulikana kama harakati ya Kiromantiki. Baadhi ya Wafuasi wake nchini Uingereza walikuwa msanii na malenga [[William Blake]] na malenga [[William Wordsworth]], [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], [[John Keats]], [[Byron]] na [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]]. Harakati ilizisitiza umuhimu wa "maumbile" katika sanaa na lugha, ikitofautishwa na mashine na viwanda vya "kizimwi"; "Viwanda vyenye giza" katika shairi la Blake "[[Na hiyo miguu ilifanya katika muda wa kale]]". Riwaya ya [[Mary Shelley]] ya ''[[Frankenstein]]'' iliangazia wasiwasi kuwa maendeleo ya kisayansi yanaweza kuwa mwenye pande mbili za kukata. == Tazama pia == * [[Karatasi]] * [[Mapinduzi ya kisayansi]] * [[Samuel Slater]] * [[Viwanda]] * [[Historia]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Soma zaidi == * {{cite |title=An Introduction to the Industrial History of England |date=1920 |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00224415&id=WiQEAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1 |accessdate=2009-07-26}} * {{cite |last=Ashton|first=Thomas S. |authorlink=T. S. Ashton |title=The Industrial Revolution (1760-1830) |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1948 |isbn10=0195002520 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77198082 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |editor-last=Berlanstein|editor-first=Lenard R. |title=The Industrial Revolution and work in nineteenth-century Europe |publisher=[[Routledge]] |publication-place=London and New York |date=1992 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107622068 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |first=J. H.|last=Clapham |title=An Economic History of Modern Britain: The Early Railway Age, 1820-1850 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=1926 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=83597738 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Clark|first=Gregory |title=A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |date=2007 |isbn10=0691121354 }} * {{cite |first=M. J.|last=Daunton |title=Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain, 1700-1850 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1995 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100599398 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Dunham|first=Arthur Louis |title=The Industrial Revolution in France, 1815-1848 |publisher=[[Exposition Press]] |publication-place=New York |date=1955 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14880719 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00295_21.x |title=Farm to factory: a reinterpretation of the Soviet industrial revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_economic-history-review_2004-11_57_4/page/794 |year=2004 |author=Gatrell, PETER |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=57 |pages=794 }} * {{cite |first=Margaret C.|last=Jacob |title=Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |publication-place=Oxford, UK |date=1997 }} * {{cite |first=Herbert|last=Kisch |title=From Domestic Manufacture to Industrial Revolution The Case of the Rhineland Textile Districts |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1989 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78932320 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |first=Paul|last=Mantoux |authorlink=Paul Mantoux |title=The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century |date=First English translation 1928, revised 1961 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=22792856 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |first=Constance|last=McLaughlin Green |title=''[[Holyoke, Massachusetts]]: A Case History of the Industrial Revolution in America |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |publication-place=New Haven, CT |date=1939 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8893044 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Mokyr|first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Mokyr |title=The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective |date=1999 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98674232 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=More|first=Charles |title=Understanding the Industrial Revolution |publisher=[[Routledge]] |publication-place=London |date=2000 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102816164 online edition |accessdate=2009-04-17 }} * {{cite |first=Sidney|last=Pollard |title=Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization of Europe, 1760-1970 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1981 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23488627 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |authorlink=Neil Smelser |last=Smelser|first=Neil J. |title=Social Change in the Industrial Revolution: An Application of Theory to the British Cotton Industry |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |date=1959 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=55370383 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Stearns|first=Peter N. |title=The Industrial Revolution in World History |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |date=1998 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6967400 online version |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |first=Vaclav|last=Smil |title=Energy in World History |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |date=1994 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=94468450 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Snooks|first=G.D. |title=Was the Industrial Revolution Necessary? |publication-place=London & New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=2000 }} * {{cite |last=Szostak|first=Rick |title=The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution: A Comparison of England and France |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |publication-place=[[Montréal]] |date=1991 |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101607770 online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Toynbee|first=Arnold |authorlink=Arnold Toynbee |title=Lectures on the Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in England |url=http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/toynbee/indrev |year=1884 |publication-place=[[Whitefish, Montana]] |publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing]] |edition-paperback edition 2004 |isbn10=1-4191-2952-X |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * {{cite |last=Uglow|first=Jenny |authorlink=Jenny Uglow |title=The Lunar Men: The Friends who made the Future 1730-1810 |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |publication-place=London |date=2002 }} * {{cite |last=Usher|first=Abbott Payson |title=An Introduction to the Industrial History of England |date=1920 |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |pages=529 |accessdate=2009-04-17 |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00224415&id=WiQEAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1- online edition |accessdate=2009-07-26 }} * Chambliss, William J. (editor), ''Problems of Industrial Society'', Reading, Massachusetts : Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, Desemba 1973. ISBN 978-0-201-00958-3 == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Industrial revolution|{{PAGENAME}}}} * {{dmoz|Society/History/By_Time_Period/Eighteenth_Century/Industrial_Revolution/}} * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Industrial Revolution] * [http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270 "The Day the World Took Off" Six part video series from the University of Cambridge tracing the question "Why did the Industrial Revolution begin when and where it did."] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/enlightenment/features_enlightenment_industry.shtml BBC History Home Page: Industrial Revolution] * [http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/ National Museum of Science and Industry website: machines and personalities] * [http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/IndustrialRevolutionandtheStandardofLiving.html ''Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living''] by Clark Nardinelli – the debate over whether standards of living rose or fell. * [http://www.galbithink.org/fw.htm Factory Workers in the Industrial Revolution] * [http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm Revolutionary Players website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm |date=20060308154827 }} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Mapinduzi]] [[Jamii:Historia]] pxjt36nwbmwngqjdcmoq5jl30g48n7n Raekwon 0 31395 1238116 1147817 2022-08-02T11:08:53Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Jina = Raekwon The Chef |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Corey Woods |Img = Rae gotta get a plate now.JPG |Img_capt = |Amezaliwa = |Asili yake = [[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States]] |Aina = [[Hip hop]] |Miaka ya kazi = 1993 - mpaka sasa |Studio = [[Loud Records|Loud]], [[Universal Records|Universal]], [[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]], [[EMI]]<br>[[Legion of D.O.O.M.]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[Wu-Tang Clan]] |Tovuti = [http://www.myspace.com/raekwon www.myspace.com/raekwon] }} '''Corey Woods''' (amezaliwa [[12 Januari]], [[1970]]) ni msanii wa [[muziki wa hip hop|rap na hip hop]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Raekwon''' (pia huitwa "Raekwon the Chef"). Huyu ni mmoja kati ya wanaounda kundi zima la muziki wa hip la [[Wu-Tang Clan]]. Alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza akiwa kama msanii wa kujitegemea mnamo mwaka wa 1995. Albamu ilikwenda kwa jina la ''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...]]'', na akaendelea kufanya shughuli zake akiwa kama msanii wa kujitegemea huku akiwa na washikaji zake wa Wu-Tang Clan. Mnamo mwaka wa 2009, Raekwon ametoa toleo la pili la albamu yake ya kwanza na kuipa sifa ileile, ''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx... Pt. II]]''. ==Diskografia== ===Albamu=== {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"| Mwaka !rowspan="2"| Jina !colspan="3"| Nafasi ya Chati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/raekwon-p144748|title=Raekwon > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums|publisher=allmusic|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref> !rowspan="2"| RIAA certifications<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=raekwon&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&Imetolewaate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&Studio=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=CertificationDate&perPage=25|title=Gold & Platinum - Raekwon|publisher=RIAA|accessdate=2008-09-08}}</ref> |- !width="40"|<small>[[Billboard 200|U.S.]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|U.S. R&B]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Top Rap Albums|U.S. Rap]]</small> |- |1995 |'''''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...]]''''' * Imetolewa: 1 Agosti 1995 * Studio: [[Loud Records|Loud]] |align="center"|4 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|* |align=center|Gold |- |1999 |'''''[[Immobilarity]]''''' * Imetolewa: 16 Novemba 1999 * Studio: Loud |align="center"|9 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|* |align=center|Gold |- |2003 |'''''[[The Lex Diamond Story]]''''' * Imetolewa: 16 Desemba 2003 * Studio: [[Universal Music Group|Universal]] |align="center"|102 |align="center"|18 |align="center"|* |align=center|- |- |2009 |'''''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx… Pt. II|Only Built 4 Cuban Linx... Pt. II]]''''' * Imetolewa: 8 Septemba 2009 * Studio: [[EMI]] |align="center"|4 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|2 |align=center|210,000<ref>http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.9931/title.hip-hop-album-sales-the-week-ending-10-4-2009</ref> |} ===Kandamseto=== {| class="wikitable" ! width="350"|Jina la Albamu ! width="150" align="center"|Tarehe ya Kutolewa |- |''Only Built 4 the Streets'' |2003 |- |''Heroin Only'' |2006 |- |''R.A.G.U. (Rae and Ghost United)'' |2006 |- |''The Vatican Mixtape Vol. 1'' |2007 |- |''The Vatican Mixtape Vol. 2: The DaVinci Code'' |2007 |- |''The Vatican Mixtape Vol. 3: House of Wax'' |2007 |- |''R.A.G.U. Vol. 2 (Raekwon and Ghostface United Pt. 2)'' |2008 |- |''Blood On Chefs Apron'' |2009 |- |''Staten Go Hard''<ref>[http://www.welivethis.com/newsfeed/2009/03/23/raekwon-staten-hard-mixtape-cover Raekwon - Staten Go Hard Mixtape] {{Wayback|url=http://www.welivethis.com/newsfeed/2009/03/23/raekwon-staten-hard-mixtape-cover |date=20090327145117 }}. ''WeLiveThis.com''. Accessed [[23 Machi]] [[2009]]</ref> |2009 |} ===Single zake=== {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"| Mwaka !rowspan="2"| Jina !colspan="3"| Nafasi ya Chati !rowspan=2|Albamu |- !width="40"|<small>[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S.]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|U.S. R&B]]</small> !width="40"|<small>[[Hot Rap Tracks|U.S. Rap]]</small> |- |1994 |"[[Heaven & Hell]]" <small>(akimshirikisha [[Ghostface Killah]])</small> |align=center|— |align=center|102<ref>{{citation|title=Bubbling Under Hot R&B Singles|date=1995-01-14|work=Billboard|volume=107|number=2|page=19|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tQsEAAAAMBAJ}}</ref> |align=center|32 |align=left|''Fresh'' soundtrack and ''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...'' |- |rowspan=2|1995 |"Incarcerated Scarfaces" / "[[Ice Cream]]" <small>(akimshirikisha Ghostface Killah, [[Method Man]], na [[Cappadonna]])</small> |align=center|37 |align=center|37 |align=center|5 |align=left rowspan=2|''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...'' |- |"Glaciers of Ice" <small>(akimshirikisha Ghostface Killah, [[Masta Killa]], and [[Blue Raspberry]])</small>/ "[[Criminology (song)|Criminology]]" <small>(akimshirikisha Ghostface Killah)</small> |align=center|43 |align=center|32 |align=center|5 |- |1999 |"Live From New York" |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|30 |align=left|''Immobiliarity'' |- |2003 |"Smith Bros." |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=left rowspan=2|''The Lex Diamond Story'' |- |2004 |"The Hood" <small>(akimshirikisha [[Tiffany Villarreal]])</small> |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— |- |rowspan=3|2009 |"New Wu" <small>(akimshirikisha Ghostface Killah and Method Man)</small> |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=left rowspan=2|''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx... Part II'' |- |"House of Flying Daggers" <small>(akimshirikisha GZA, Method Man, Inspectah Deck, Ghostface Killah)</small> |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— |- |"Catalina" <small>(akimshirikisha [[Lyfe Jennings]])</small> |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— |- |} ====Akiwa kama mwimbaji mshirikishwa==== {|class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"| Mwaka !rowspan="2"| Jina !colspan="3"| Nafasi ya Chati !rowspan=2|Albamu |- !width="40"|<small>U.S.</small> !width="40"|<small>U.S. R&B</small> !width="40"|<small>U.S. Rap</small> |- |2000 |"Apollo Kids" <small>(Ghostface Killah akimshirikisha Raekwon)</small> |align=center|— |align=center|121 |align=center|32 |''[[Supreme Clientele]]'' |- |2001 |"[[Never Be the Same Again]]" <small>(Ghostface Killah akimshirikisha [[Carl Thomas]] na Raekwon)</small> |align=center|— |align=center|65 |align=center|21 |''[[Bulletproof Wallets]]'' |- |2008 |"[[Royal Flush]]" <small>([[Big Boi]] akimshirikisha [[Andre 3000]] na Raekwon)</small> |align=center|— |align=center|68 |align=center|— |''Sir Luscious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty'' |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{Myspace|raekwon}} * [http://www.wutangcorp.com/ Wu-Tang Clan website] * [http://hhcdigital.net/blog1/2009/05/14/hhc-digital-002/ HHC Digital interview with Raekwon about 'Only Built 4 Cuban Linx 2'] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20090516051302/http://hhcdigital.net/blog1/2009/05/14/hhc-digital-002/ |date=2009-05-16 }} * {{IMDb name|id=0706095|name=Raekwon}} * [http://blacksheepmag.com/issue/hip-hop/features-and-interviews/373-the-new-wu Raekwon video interview] {{Wayback|url=http://blacksheepmag.com/issue/hip-hop/features-and-interviews/373-the-new-wu |date=20090822201330 }} Agosti 2009 on Black Sheep Magazine * [http://mixeryrawdeluxe.tv/index.php/News/Index/style/pastshows/id/5427 Raekwon video interview] {{Wayback|url=http://mixeryrawdeluxe.tv/index.php/News/Index/style/pastshows/id/5427 |date=20090922190714 }} Septemba 2009 / Only Built 4 Cuban Linx 2 {{Raekwon}} {{Wu-Tang Clan}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Wu-Tang Clan]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] gthrsn0ftqas1vxffq1qiefd0hhnbhc Mads Mikkelsen 0 33877 1237870 1147154 2022-08-01T13:49:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | name = Mads Mikkelsen | image = Mads Mikkelsen.jpg | imagesize = 180px | caption = Mads Mikkelsen, 2009 | birthname = Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1965|11|22|df=yes}} | birthplace = [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]] | occupation = Actor | yearsactive = 1996–present }} [[Picha:mads.jpg|thumb|right|Mads Mikkelsen, amezaliwa 22 Novemba 1965 mjini Copenhagen.]] '''Mads Mikkelsen''' (kwa [[(Kiingereza:]] ''Matthew Dittmann Michaelson''; amezaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Denmark]]. Mikkelsen alizaliwa katika eneo la [[Østerbro, jijini Copenhagen.]] Baada ya kuhudhuria Shule ya Uigizaji ya [[Århus]], ali filamu yake ya kwanza katika movie ''[[Pusher.]]'' Yeye ameigiza katika filamu maarufu za Kideni kama ''[[Flickering Lights]]'' (Kideni: ''Blinkende Lygter), [[The Green Butchers]]'' (Kideni: ''De Grønne Slagtere),'' na filamu yake ya kwanza ''[[Pusher]],'' na ''[[Pusher II.]]'' Mikkelsen ameigiza katika jukumu maarufu la Askari katika kipindi cha Kideni cha ''[[Unit One]]'' (Kideni: ''Rejseholdet).'' Yeye pia aliigiza katika kipindi cha [[King Arthur]] kilichotayarishwa na Jerry Bruckheimer [[Tristan.]] Yeye pia aliigiza kama adui aitwaye [[Le Chiffre]] katika filamu ya 21 ya [[James Bond]] iitwayo, ''[[Casino Royale.]]'' Mwaka wa 2008, Mikkelsen alialikwa na mtengezaji saa wa Uswizi aitwaye [[Swatch]] jijini Bregenz, Austria kwenye maonyesho ya Swatch 007 Villain Collection akiwa pamoja na adui wa James Bond mwingine, aitwaye [[Richard Kiel]]. Moja kati ya saa 22 imetengwa kwa "Le Chiffre", mchezaji kamari maarufu kwenye kipindi cha ''Casino Royale.'' == Filamu == * [[Café Hector|''Café Hector'']] (1996) ... kama Anders * [[The Glass House Prisoner|''The Glass House Prisoner'']] (1996) ... kama Max * [[Pusher|''Pusher'']] (1996) ... kama Tonny * [[Wildside|''Wildside'']] (1998) ... kama Jimmy * ''[[Angel of the Night]]'' (1998) ... kama Ronnie * [[Tom Merritt|''Tom Merritt'']] (1999) ... kama Tom Merritt * [[Bleeder|''Bleeder'']] (1999) ... kama Lenny * [[Flickering Lights|''Flickering Lights'']] (2000) ... kama Arne * [[Monas verden|''Monas verden'']] (2001) ... kama Casper * [[Shake It All About|''Shake It All About'']] (2001) ... kama Yakobo * [[I Am Dina|''I Am Dina'']] (2002) ... kama Niels * ''[[Open Hearts]] (Kideni: elsker dig for evigt), (2002) ... kama Niels'' * ''[[Wilbur wants to kill himself]]'' (2002) ... kama Dr Horst * ''[[Now]]'' (2003) ... kama Jakob (unga) * ''[[The Boy Below]]'' (2003) ... kama dad * ''[[The Green Butchers]]'' (2003) ... kama Svend * [[Torremolinos 73|''Torremolinos 73'']] (2003) ... kama Magnus * [[King Arthur|''King Arthur'']] (2004) ... kama [[Tristan]] * [[Pusher II|''Pusher II'']] (2004) ... kama Tonny * [[Adam's Apples|''Adam's Apples'']] (2005) ... kama Ivan * [[Baada ya Wedding|''Baada ya Wedding'']] (2006) ... kama Yakobo * [[Prague|''Prague'']] (2006) ... kama Christoffer * [[Exit|''Exit'']] (2006) ... kama Thomas Skepphult * [[Casino Royale|''Casino Royale'']] (2006) ... kama [[Le Chiffre]] * ''[[Flame &amp; Citron]]'' (2008) ... kama Citronen [[(Jorgen Haagen Schmith)]] * [[Die Tur|''Die Tur'']] (2009) ... kama Daudi * [[Valhalla Rising|''Valhalla Rising'']] (2009) ... kama One-Eye * [[Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky|''Coco Chanel &amp; Igor Stravinsky'']] (2009) ... kama Igor Stravinsky * ''[[Clash of the Titans]]'' (2010) ... Draco == Runinga == * [[Julie|''Julie'']] (2005 ).... kama Julie's Dad * [[Klovn|''Klovn'']] - Str. 44 (2005 ).... kama Footballplayer * [[Bertelsen - de uaktuelle Nyheder|''Bertelsen - de uaktuelle Nyheder'']] - Episode # 1,7 (2002 ).... kama Allan Fischer * [[Banjo's Likørstue|''Banjo's Likørstue'']] (2002 ).... kama mwenyewe * [[Rejseholdet|''Rejseholdet'']] (2000-2004 ).... kama Allan Fischer == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Mads Mikkelsen}} * {{IMDb name|id=0586568 |name=Mads Mikkelsen}} * [http://www.madsonline.net MadsOnline.net] * [http://www.madsmikkelsen.org Mads Mikkelsen Fansite] {{Wayback|url=http://www.madsmikkelsen.org/ |date=20190927000529 }} * [http://www.mmiffs.madmooseforum.com Mads Mikkelsen International Fan Forum Site] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mikkelsen, Mads}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Copenhagen]] irh34wujepay86l7dtpgd0id3qadc6v Ingvar Kamprad 0 34521 1237838 1207527 2022-08-01T13:17:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Celebrity | jina = Ingvar Kamprad | picha = | maandishi ya picha = Ingvar Kamprad akiongelesha kundi la wanafunzi katika chuo kikuu cha Växjö University (23 Machi 2004). | siku ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1926|03|30}} | pahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Älmhult Municipality|Älmhult]], [[Kronoberg County]] | kazi = Mfanyibiashara | salary = | thamani = [[United States dollar|US$]]'''22 billion'''<ref name="forbes">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Ingvar-Kamprad-family_BWQ7.html|title=The World's Billionaires 2009 – #5 Ingvar Kamprad|publisher=[[Forbes]]|date=2009-03-11|accessdate=2009-03-11}}</ref> | spouse = | children = | website = }} '''Feodor Ingvar Kamprad''' (amezaliwa [[30 Machi]] [[1926]] - [[27 Januari]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Uswidi]] ambaye ni mwasisi wa kampuni ya kurembesha nyumba ya '''IKEA'''. Katika 2009 yeye ndiye tajiri zaidi Ulaya na wa tano tajiri zaidi duniani, kulingana na gazeti la ''[[Forbes]]'', kwa wastani wa thamani ya karibu [[dola]] bilioni 22 <ref name="forbes" /> == Maisha ya Awali == Ingvar Kamprad alizaliwa Pjätteryd katika [[Manispaa]] ya [[Älmhult]] alikulia katika shamba iitwayo Elmtaryd (sasa huandikwa ''Älmtaryd'' ), karibu na kijiji kidogo cha [[Agunnaryd]] katika Manispaa ya [[Ljungby]] katika jimbo la [[Småland]], [[Sweden]]. ==Kazi== Kamprad alianza kuendeleza biashara kama kijana, akiuza [[viberiti]] kwa majirani akitumia [[baiskeli]] yake. Akakuta kwamba angeweza kununua viberiti kwa wingi sana kutoka [[Stockholm]] kwa bei ya chini sana, na kuviuza kwa bei ya chini na bado kutengeneza faida nzuri Kutoka viberiti, alipanua biashara yake kwa kuuza [[samaki]], marembesho ya miti ya krismasi, mbegu , na baadaye s [[kalamu za ballpoint]] na [[penseli]] . Alipokuuwa na miaka 17, baba yake alimpa fedha kama zawadi kwa kupita masomo yake.<ref>Ingvar Kamprad: Mwanzilishi wa IKEA na Mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi Duniani [http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/famousentrepreneur/p/ingvarkamprad.htm (wafanyibiashara About.com])</ref> Alitumia pesa hizi kuanzisha iliyo sasa, IKEA. IKEA ni jina la kifupi linaloundwa na mianzo ya jina lake ('''I''' ngvar '''K''' amprad) plus yale ya '''E''' lmtaryd, shamba la falimia alikozaliwa, na kijiji jirani '''A''' gunnaryd. Kamprad alikiri kwamba ugonjwa wa [[dyslexia]] ulicheza sehemu kubwa katika utendaji kazi ndani ya kampuni. Kwa mfano, majina yaliyo na sauti ya uswidi ya samani iliyouzwa na IKEA awali yalikuwa yamechaguliwa na Kamprad kwa sababu alikuwa na ugumu wakukumbuka vitengo vya namba vya kuhifadhia hisa. Kamprad ameishi katika mji wa [[Epalinges]], [[Uswisi]] tangu 1976. Kulingana na mahojiano na TSR, Televisheni ya Uswisi iliyo na lugha ya kifaransa, Kamprad huendesha [[Volvo]] ya miaka 15, hutumia daraja la Economy anapopanda ndege na anahamasisha wafanyakazi wa IKEA kuandika pande zote ya karatasi.<ref> {{Toter Link | date= 2017-05-19 | url=http://www.nzz.ch/2006/03/27/eng/article6579085.html | text="Bei ya chini ni njema, anasema tajiri wa samani"}} NZZ Online, 27 Machi 2006</ref> Pia, Kamprad hutembelea IKEA kupata chakula cha bei ya chini. Yeye pia hujulikana kwa kununua makaratasi na zawadi za krismasi katika promotion za baada ya krismasi. Hata kama kutopenda kutumia pesa kwa Kamprad kunajulikana vizuri, pia ni sehemu muhimu picha iliyotunzwa vizuri kwa makini picha ya wafanyakazi wa IKEA na umma. Yeye huwa hataji mara nyingi kwamba yeye anamiliki nyumba ya kifahari katika sehemu ya Uswisi ya matajiri, ardhi kubwa ya mashambani huko uswidi, na [[mizabibu]] katika eneo la [[Provence]], [[Ufaransa]], au kwamba aliendesha gari la [[Porsche]] kwa miaka kadhaa.<ref>[http://www.expressen.se/index.jsp?a=174191 Ikea-Kamprads lyxvillor,] Expressen, 22 Agosti 2004</ref><ref>[http://di.se/Nyheter/?page=%2fAvdelningar%2fArtikel.aspx%3fO%3dIndex%26ArticleId%3d2006%5c03%5c29%5c181779 Folkhemsmöbleraren 80 år,] Dagens Industri, 29 Machi 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=678&amp;previousRenderType=5&amp;d=678&amp;a=300679 Lyxhusen som vill tala Kamprad om tyst,] Dagens Nyheter, 19 Agosti 2004</ref> Alipokuwa akifanya kazi ya kutengeneza samani huko Poland, alipenda kunywa pombe sana lakini sasa amesema kuwa unywaji pombe wake uko chini ya udhibiti. == Thamani ya jumla == Kulingana na gazeti la biashara la Uswidi ka kila wiki, ''[[Veckans Affärer]]'' ,<ref> [http://money.cnn.com/2004/04/06/news/newsmakers/worldswealthiestupdate/ "Nani tajiri zaidi duniani wa kweli?"] CNNMoney.com, 6 Aprili 2004</ref> yeye ndiye tajiri zaidi duniani. Ripoti hii ina msingi katika dhana kwamba Kamprad anamiliki kampuni yote, msingi ambao IKEA na familia yake inakataa. Kamprad binafsi anamiliki kidogo katika kampuni, baada ya kuhamishwa kwa maslahi yake kwa [[Stichting INGKA Foundation]] na [[INGKA Holding]] kama sehemu ya mpango tata wa kutolipa kodi ambao huacha udhibiti wake usijulikane hasa.<ref name="flatpack">{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6919139|title=IKEA: Flat-pack accounting| accessdate=2007-01-02 | publisher=The Economist}}</ref> Mwezi Machi 2005, thamani inayoshuka ya [[dola ya Marekani]] ilimweka Kamprad kama mtu tajiri zaidi duniani katika ripoti nyingine. Mwezi Machi 2009, Forbes magazine ilikadiriwa thamani yake kama bilioni US $ 22 ,likimfanya mtu wa tano tajiri zaidi duniani. == Stichting INGKA Foundation == Kampuni iliyosajiliwa kiholanzi ya ushonaji ya INGKA Foundation imepewa jina baada ya Kamprad na inamiliki INGKA Holding, kampuni-mzazi ya duka zote za IKEA. Kampuni hii ya msaada iliripotiwa na gazeti la biashara la ''[[The Economist]]'' Mei 2006 kuwa tajiri zaidi duniani - kwa wastani wa thamani ya angalau US $ 36 bilioni mwaka 2006 (kubwa kuliko [[Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation]]) - lakini lengo lake la msingi linaaminika na kadhaa kuwa kuhepa kulipa ushuru na kukinga IKEA isinyakuliwe. Kamprad ni mwenyekiti wa Kampuni hii. == Kazi nyingine == Hata kama kwa ujumla alikuwa mtu wa kibinafsi, amechapisha vitabu kadhaa mashuhuri. Aliandika kuhusu kina dhana ya IKEA ya kutotumia pesa nyingi na shauku katika kitabu, ''A Testament of a Furniture Dealer'' . Kilichoandikwa mwaka 1976, tangu kimechukuliwa kama itikadi ya msingi ya dhana ya samani ya rejareja ya IKEA . Alifanya kazi pia na mwandishi wa habari mswisi Bertil Torekull kwenye kitabu ''Leading by Design: The IKEA Story'' . Katika kitabu hiki, anaeleza zaidi kuhusu falsafa yake na majaribio na ushindi katika uanzilishi wa IKEA.<ref> Kamprad, Ingvar na Torekull, Bertil ''Leading By Design: The Story IKEA'' Harper Collins, Sept.1, 1999. ISBN 978-0066620381</ref> == Kuhusika katika Nazi == Mwaka 1994, barua binafsi za mwanaharakati mswisi [[Per Engdahl]] yalitolewa kwa umma baada ya kifo chake, na ilibainiwa kuwa Kamprad alijiunga na muungano wa Engdahl wa [[pro-Nazi New Swedish Movement]] mwaka 1942. Kamprad alikusanya fedha na kuwaingiza wengine katika kundi hili hado mwezi Septemba 1945. Wakati Kamprad aliachana na kikundi haujulikani, lakini alisalia marafiki na Engdahl hadi mapema 1950. Tangu ufunuo kwa umma, Kamprad amesema kuwa yeye anjuta sehemu hiyo ya maisha yake, akiuita "kosa kubwa" na yeye hatimaye aliandika barua ya kuomba msamaha kwa wafanyakazi wote wa IKEA [[Wayahudi]] . == Marejeo == {{Marejeo|2}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/famousentrepreneur/p/ingvarkamprad.htm Ingvar Kamprad: Mwanzilishi wa IKEA na Mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi Duniani] [[(wafanyibiashara About.com]]) *[http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&amp;passYear=2004&amp;passListType=Person&amp;uniqueId=BWQ7&amp;datatype=Person Forbes.com: Watu tajiri zaidi duniani wa Forbe's.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=BWQ7&datatype=Person |date=20120721012521 }} *[http://www.myviplife.com/lifestories/vipbusiness/Ingvar_Kamprad_wa.php?c=10 Ingvar Kamprad's Timeline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.myviplife.com/lifestories/vipbusiness/Ingvar_Kamprad_wa.php?c=10 |date=20070927043211 }} [http://www.myviplife.com/lifestories/vipbusiness/Ingvar_Kamprad_ch.php?c=10 na Quotes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.myviplife.com/lifestories/vipbusiness/Ingvar_Kamprad_ch.php?c=10 |date=20070927043134 }} *[http://www.thelocal.se/5962/20070102/ Mitaa - Introducing Ingvar Kamprad] (ujumbe mdogo unaochekesha) {{Persondata | name=Kamprad, Ingvar | alternative names=Kamprad, Ingvar Feodor | short description=Entrepreneur | date of birth=30 Machi 1926 | place of birth=[[Älmtaryd]], [[Sweden]] | date of death=27 Januari 2018 | place of death= }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamprad, Ingvar}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] pcy8lnbio9twz03usb91z9gec06qbiw Eneo Bunge la Kitutu Masaba 0 34690 1238023 1164078 2022-08-02T07:06:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Eneo bunge la Kitutu Masaba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Eneo bunge la Kitutu Masaba]] rlyoe1fm0igipucxtmo1rgerilzorkp Chris Hughes (Facebook) 0 34734 1237846 1176884 2022-08-01T13:26:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chris Hughes Updated.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Chris Hughes (2018)]] '''Chris R. Hughes''' (aliyezaliwa 26 Novemba 1983) ni mmoja wa waanzishi na alitumikia kama msemaji wa tovuti ya kijamii, [[Facebook]], na wenzake wa [[Harvard]] [[Mark Zuckerberg]] na [[Dustin Moskovitz]]. Alikuwa mratibu wa tovuti rasmi ya kampeni ya [[Barack Obama]] ya rais ya mwaka 2008 ya My.BarackObama.com. Hughes kwa sasa ni mfanyabiashara katika kampuni ya [[General Catalyst Partners]], kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoko [[Cambridge]], na mshauri wa mikakati katika kampuni ya GMMB, kampuni ya ushauri wa kisiasa ambayo ilifanya kazi katika kampeni ya Obama mwaka 2008. <ref>GMMB (2009). [http://www.gmmb.com/news/Hughes_NewsRelease.pdf Digital Pioneers, Facebook Co-Founder Chris Hughes joins Progressive Communications Firm GMMB.]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Rudishwa 8 Oktoba 2009.</ref> Hughes alizaliwa mjini Hickory, North Carolina. Yeye ni msomi wa [[Phillips Academy]] Andover na [[Harvard College]]. Alimaliza kutoka Harvard mwaka 2006 akiwa na shahada ya Sanaa katika historia na fasihi. Chris alikuwa kwenye makala kuu ya nakala ya ''[[Fast Company]]'' ya mwezi Aprili 2009, chini ya kichwa "Kijana aliyemfanya Obama Rais; Jinsi mmoja wa waanzishi wa Facebook Chris Hughes alizindua nguvu za Barak na kubadilisha Siasa Milele". Chris ni [[mpenda wavulana]] <ref> {{citeweb|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/boy-wonder.html?page=0%2C1|title=How Chris Hughes Helped Launch Facebook and the Barack Obama Campaign}} na Ellen McGirt, Fastcompany.com. ''"Mimi walikwenda shule ya bweni ya Kusini, kidini, na sawa, na mimi kushoto shule za bweni si kuwa wakati wote wa kidini na kutokuwa sawa."'' </ref> na yuko katika uhusiano na Sean Eldridge. <ref> Advocate.com. [http://www.advocate.com/article.aspx?id=102977&amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AdvocatecomDailyNews+%28Advocate.com+Daily+News%29/ "Mahali kwenye State Dinner Jedwali".]</ref> Katika nakala ya ''[[The Advocate]]'' yeye anasema kuwa harakati za [[ushoga]] hazijanyonya nguvu za [[mtandao wa kijamii]], kama vile Facebook na kampeni Obama zilivyofanya, kwa kuhusisha umma pakubwa na "kuwaambia hadithi siyo tu ya siasa za gay, lakini ya watu wa kila siku ambao hudhulumiwa katika maisha yao ya kila siku. <ref> {{citeweb|url=http://www.advocate.com/issue_story_ektid102115.asp?page=5|title=Hope and History}} na Michael Joseph Pato la. The Advocate.</ref> Aliwahi kutumikia katika bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya [[Taasisi ya Roosevelt]] mwaka 2005 na 2006. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Marejeo zaidi == * [http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/boy-wonder.html Fast Company, "Jinsi Chris Hughes alisaidia uzinduzi wa Facebook na Kampeni ya Barack Obama"] * [http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB118011947223614895-iSeQ_DC8SbZxiNLhtHwJyIftJN0_20070625.html?mod=tff_main_tff_top Wall Street Journal, "BO, UR Basi Gr8: Jinsi kijana wa teknolojia alitafsiri Barack Obama katika idiom wa Facebook"] * [http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-sun_obama_websep23,0,4824579.story Chicago Tribune, "Tovuti za kijamii zajiingiza katika siasa," 09/23/07] na [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030102604/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-090723obama-photogallery,0,3772716.photogallery hifadhi ya picha] * [http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jul2004/sb20040721_8133.htm BusinessWeek, 7/21/04] * [http://www.pehub.com/34567/campaign-capitalist-chris-hughes-joins-general-catalyst, peHUB " mwanzilishi msaidizi wa Facebook ajiunga na kampuni ya uwekezaji"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pehub.com/34567/campaign-capitalist-chris-hughes-joins-general-catalyst, |date=20100327225601 }} * [http://www.out.com/power50/covers.asp?category=32.%20Chris%20Hughes Nguvu ya 3 ya mwaka 50, # 32 Chris Hughes] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.facebook.com/ChrisHughes Ujumbe mdogo kuhusu Facebook] * [http://www.facebook.com/press.php Ujumbe rasmi wa vyombo vya habari kuhusu facebook] * [http://www.generalcatalyst.com/team/chris_hughes Ujumbe mdogo kutoka General Catalyst Partners] {{Wayback|url=http://www.generalcatalyst.com/team/chris_hughes |date=20120414100843 }} {{Facebook}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hughes, Chris}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] mazeuzy4p388zo3hxswotf5jlu1csm0 1237847 1237846 2022-08-01T13:27:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chris Hughes Updated.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Chris Hughes (2018)]] '''Chris R. Hughes''' (aliyezaliwa 26 Novemba 1983) ni mmoja wa waanzishi na alitumikia kama msemaji wa [[mtandao wa kijamii]], [[Facebook]], na wenzake wa [[Harvard]] [[Mark Zuckerberg]] na [[Dustin Moskovitz]]. Alikuwa mratibu wa tovuti rasmi ya kampeni ya [[Barack Obama]] ya rais ya mwaka 2008 ya My.BarackObama.com. Hughes kwa sasa ni mfanyabiashara katika kampuni ya [[General Catalyst Partners]], kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoko [[Cambridge]], na mshauri wa mikakati katika kampuni ya GMMB, kampuni ya ushauri wa kisiasa ambayo ilifanya kazi katika kampeni ya Obama mwaka 2008. Hughes alizaliwa mjini Hickory, North Carolina. Yeye ni msomi wa [[Phillips Academy]] Andover na [[Harvard College]]. Alimaliza kutoka Harvard mwaka 2006 akiwa na shahada ya Sanaa katika historia na fasihi. Chris alikuwa kwenye makala kuu ya nakala ya ''[[Fast Company]]'' ya mwezi Aprili 2009, chini ya kichwa "Kijana aliyemfanya Obama Rais; Jinsi mmoja wa waanzishi wa Facebook Chris Hughes alizindua nguvu za Barak na kubadilisha Siasa Milele". Chris ni [[mpenda wavulana]] <ref> {{citeweb|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/boy-wonder.html?page=0%2C1|title=How Chris Hughes Helped Launch Facebook and the Barack Obama Campaign}} na Ellen McGirt, Fastcompany.com. ''"Mimi walikwenda shule ya bweni ya Kusini, kidini, na sawa, na mimi kushoto shule za bweni si kuwa wakati wote wa kidini na kutokuwa sawa."'' </ref> na yuko katika uhusiano na Sean Eldridge. <ref> Advocate.com. [http://www.advocate.com/article.aspx?id=102977&amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AdvocatecomDailyNews+%28Advocate.com+Daily+News%29/ "Mahali kwenye State Dinner Jedwali".]</ref> Katika nakala ya ''[[The Advocate]]'' yeye anasema kuwa harakati za [[ushoga]] hazijanyonya nguvu za [[mtandao wa kijamii]], kama vile Facebook na kampeni Obama zilivyofanya, kwa kuhusisha umma pakubwa na "kuwaambia hadithi siyo tu ya siasa za gay, lakini ya watu wa kila siku ambao hudhulumiwa katika maisha yao ya kila siku. <ref> {{citeweb|url=http://www.advocate.com/issue_story_ektid102115.asp?page=5|title=Hope and History}} na Michael Joseph Pato la. The Advocate.</ref> Aliwahi kutumikia katika bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya [[Taasisi ya Roosevelt]] mwaka 2005 na 2006. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Marejeo zaidi == * [http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/boy-wonder.html Fast Company, "Jinsi Chris Hughes alisaidia uzinduzi wa Facebook na Kampeni ya Barack Obama"] * [http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB118011947223614895-iSeQ_DC8SbZxiNLhtHwJyIftJN0_20070625.html?mod=tff_main_tff_top Wall Street Journal, "BO, UR Basi Gr8: Jinsi kijana wa teknolojia alitafsiri Barack Obama katika idiom wa Facebook"] * [http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-sun_obama_websep23,0,4824579.story Chicago Tribune, "Tovuti za kijamii zajiingiza katika siasa," 09/23/07] na [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030102604/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-090723obama-photogallery,0,3772716.photogallery hifadhi ya picha] * [http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jul2004/sb20040721_8133.htm BusinessWeek, 7/21/04] * [http://www.pehub.com/34567/campaign-capitalist-chris-hughes-joins-general-catalyst, peHUB " mwanzilishi msaidizi wa Facebook ajiunga na kampuni ya uwekezaji"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pehub.com/34567/campaign-capitalist-chris-hughes-joins-general-catalyst, |date=20100327225601 }} * [http://www.out.com/power50/covers.asp?category=32.%20Chris%20Hughes Nguvu ya 3 ya mwaka 50, # 32 Chris Hughes] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.facebook.com/ChrisHughes Ujumbe mdogo kuhusu Facebook] * [http://www.facebook.com/press.php Ujumbe rasmi wa vyombo vya habari kuhusu facebook] * [http://www.generalcatalyst.com/team/chris_hughes Ujumbe mdogo kutoka General Catalyst Partners] {{Wayback|url=http://www.generalcatalyst.com/team/chris_hughes |date=20120414100843 }} {{Facebook}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hughes, Chris}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] 9owdzxfuqc1wdgo7p76gopogol3837n Carl Ross 0 35084 1237849 1139430 2022-08-01T13:30:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tsukiji.FrozenTuna.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Uuzaji wa samaki huko [[Tokyo]], 2002]] '''(John) Carl Ross''' ([[29 Julai]] [[1901]] huko [[Cleethorpes]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[Uingereza]] - [[9 Januari]] [[1986]] [[Grimsby]]) alikuwa mfanyibiashara wa samaki aliyefanikiwa sana. Alikuwa pia mwanzilishi wa kampuni iliyokuja kuwa [[Young's Bluecrest]], kampuni inayoongoza katika sekta ya uuzaji wa samaki waliohifadhiwa nchini Uingereza]]. ==Maisha ya Awali== Alikuwa mwana wa nne katika watoto sita wa Thomas Ross, mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya kuuza samaki ya [[Kundi la Ross|Ross]].Carl Ross alisoma katika [[Shule ya Culford]](alikocheza mpira wa magongo) na akafanya kazi na Kikosi cha Jeshi la Wanamaji kabla ya kuhusika katika biashara ya familia katika mwaka wa 1918 alipotoka jeshi. Thomas alistaafu mapema katika mwaka wa 1928 na kutoka hapo Carl akawa mkuu wa kampuni ya familia.Carl aliingia na mipango na mawazo mapya kama kununua samaki waliohifadhiwa katika barafu kutoka [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] - hii ilisababisha upanuzi wa biashara yao baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]]. ==Kazi yake== Ross alipokuwa akijenga biashara ya uuzaji wa samaki,alitambua kuwa mustakabali ya sekta iliyohusu samaki ilikuwa katika kuunganisha michakato ya uvuvi , usindikaji na uuzaji wa samaki.Hivyo basi,akaunda mashua ya mafuta ya dizeli ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1930. Yeye alinunua mashua tisa katika mwaka wa 1943 na kununua hisa nyingi kabisa katika kampuni ya kuunda mashua ya Trawlers Grimsby Ltd,katika mwaka wa 1944. Hii ilikuwa msingi wa lile lilichokuja likawa [[Kundi la Ross]]. Kulingana na makala ya gazeti la ''The Times'' (14 Januari 1986) alikuwa bila masomo yoyote rasmi katika uhasibu ,Ross alionyesha talanta kubwa katika kuelewa na kusoma hesabu na akapata heshima nyingi katika jiji lao. Kubadilika sana kwa usimamizi kwa kampuni zilizohusika na sekta ya kuvua na kuuza samaki huko mji wa [[Hull]] kulipea Kundi la Ross soko zuri huko Humber. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950, Carl Ross alitambua kwamba sekta ya samaki imo katika ya sekta ya chakula, yeye alipanua biashara ya Kundi la Ross kutoka uuzaji wa samaki pekee na kuwa Kundi la Ross Foods. Aliongeza sehemu nyingine katika biashara ya Ross Foods aliponunua Kampuni ya Young Shellfish. Katika mwaka wa 1956,Ross aliweza kuajiri nahodha ishirini bora katika eneo la North Sea na mpango wake wa kuunda mashua ya madaraja ya Bird na Cat ulikuwa na mafanikio mengi sana. Rekodi ya faida ya vyombo vya maji vya Ross vikajulikana na kundi hilo likajenga vyombo vingine vingi sana hapo [[Selby]]. Carl Ross alianzisha Ross Poultry,iliyokuwa muhimu sana katika kuanzisha msingi wa biashara ya aina hiyo huko Uingereza.Akaunda kampuni kubwa kabisa ya kusambaza viazi nchini Uingereza na akaanzisha kampuni mbalimbali kama Ross Motorway Services(1965). Katika ukuaji wa haraka wa Kundi la Ross, kikwazo kilikuwa kimoja tu katika mwaka wa 1966, Tume ya Monopolies ilimkataza kununua Associated Fisheries, kampuni nyinge maarufu katika sekta ya uuzaji samaki. Carl Ross aliachana na kampuni yake baada ya mgogoro katika bodi,hapo mwisho wa miaka ya 1960. Ingawa alikuwa akikaribia umri wa miaka sabini, yeye alienda na kuwa mwenyekiti wa kuendeleza kampuni ya Cosalt plc ya kuendeleza vifaa vya marina. Aliendelea kujihusisha na masuala ya kampuni hiyo hadi alipokufa. ==Maisha ya binafsi== Ross alikuwa amemwoa Elsie Hartley, binti ya mfanyibiashara wa pamba wa [[Blackburn]] katika mwaka wa 1928. Walikuwa wana wawili na mabinti wawili. Alifurahia mchezo wa kupiga risasi na alimiliki farasi za mbio kadhaa. Alipata kibali cha kuwa rubani wa ndege na akajihusisha katika kundi la kujitolea ya ''Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve'' katika Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia. Miongoni mwa tuzo nyingine alikuwa rais wa zamani na mwanachama wa Muungano wa Sekta ya Uuzaji Samaki wa Michezo.Alikuwa karimu sana huku akitoa udhamini katika vituo vingi vya misaada. Alikuwa rais wa Chama cha Kihafidhina cha Grimsby kwa miaka ishirini na mitano kuanzia mwaka wa 1954. Mjukuu wake ni David Ross, mwanzilishi mshiriki wa kampuni ya kuuza simu za mkono, [[Carphone Warehouse]], akiwa na mali ya takriban £ 312m [0] ==Angalia pia== * [[Kundi la Ross]] ==Marejeo== # [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/richlist/person/0,,33738,00.htmlSunday Times] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.mmc.gov.uk/rep_pub/reports/1960_1969/fulltext/030c04.pdf Ripoti juu ya kundi la Ross] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mmc.gov.uk/rep_pub/reports/1960_1969/fulltext/030c04.pdf |date=20070928073013 }} * [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AAA0348 Bendera za mashua ya Kundi la Ross] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=AAA0348 |date=20070930033452 }} * {{cite book|last=Matthew|first=H.C.G.|title=[[Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN 978-0198614111}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ross, Carl}} [[Category:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Category:Watu kutoka Cleethorpes]] [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1986]] r17xj8ptfj54g615pe9ah9nw63xyh9j Donald Gordon (mfanyabiashara) 0 35854 1237860 1204341 2022-08-01T13:40:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Gordon''', CC, CMG ([[11 Desemba]] [[1901]] - [[2 Mei]] [[1969]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Kanada]] na rais wa zamani wa Shirika la Kitaifa la reli la Kanada (''Canadian National Railway'' - CNR) kutoka mwaka wa 1950 hadi mwaka wa 1966. Alizaliwa Oldmedrum, [[Scotland]] akahamia Kanada akiwa umri mdogo sana. Akiwa umri wa miaka 15,alijiunga na Benki ya Nova Scotia jijini [[Toronto]], kabla ya kuwa naibu wa mhasibu mkuu na naibu wa meneja wa tawi la benki hiyo jijini Toronto. Katika mwaka wa 1935, aliteuliwa kama Katibu wa Benki ya Kanada na akawa naibu wa gavana wa benki hiyo hapo baadaye. Kati ya miaka ya 1941-1947, alikuwa Mwenyekiti wa bodi ya ''War-Time Prices and Trade Board''. Alikuwa mkuu wa Shirika la Kitaifa la reli la Kanada katika miaka ya 1950 - 1966. Alihusika katika mgogoro mkali wa kuipa jina [[Hoteli ya Queen Elizabeth]] ilipoundwa jijini [[Montreal]]. Wapenzi wa [[Quebec]] walitaka hoteli hiyo iitwe Château Maisonneuve kwa makumbusho ya mwanzilishi wa Montreal,Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve. Gordon, alisisitiza sana hoteli iitwe jina la Malkia Elizabeth ,ambaye alikuwa amepanda na kuchukua kiti cha utawala kwa ghafla katika mwaka wa 1952. Wakati huu, ndio mipango ya hoteli hiyo ikiwa ikifikiriwa na kuchorwa na wasanii na wataalam. Katika mwaka wa 1944, yeye alituzwa tuzo ya Amri ya Mtakatifu Michael na Mtakatifu George(''Order of St. Michael & St. George''). Katika mwaka wa 1968, alipewa tuzo ya Amri ya Kanada (''Order of Canada''). [[Chuo Kikuu cha Queen]] katika mji wa [[Kingston]], [[Ontario]] ilimpa heshima kubwa Gordon ilipoamua kuiita nyumba za makazi ya wanafunzi Donald Gordon House na jumba lao la mikutano likaitwa Donald Gordon Centre. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Wafanyibiashara Maarufu wa Kanada. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003321 Donald Gordon] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003321 |date=20110607184941 }} katika [[Kamusi ya Kanada]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Gordon, Donald}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1969]] [[Category:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Category:Watu wa Uskoti]] isac4p8twgai2gtfnjtqud750s7eq33 1237862 1237860 2022-08-01T13:41:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Donald Gordon (Mfanyibiashara)]] hadi [[Donald Gordon (mfanyabiashara)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Gordon''', CC, CMG ([[11 Desemba]] [[1901]] - [[2 Mei]] [[1969]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Kanada]] na rais wa zamani wa Shirika la Kitaifa la reli la Kanada (''Canadian National Railway'' - CNR) kutoka mwaka wa 1950 hadi mwaka wa 1966. Alizaliwa Oldmedrum, [[Scotland]] akahamia Kanada akiwa umri mdogo sana. Akiwa umri wa miaka 15,alijiunga na Benki ya Nova Scotia jijini [[Toronto]], kabla ya kuwa naibu wa mhasibu mkuu na naibu wa meneja wa tawi la benki hiyo jijini Toronto. Katika mwaka wa 1935, aliteuliwa kama Katibu wa Benki ya Kanada na akawa naibu wa gavana wa benki hiyo hapo baadaye. Kati ya miaka ya 1941-1947, alikuwa Mwenyekiti wa bodi ya ''War-Time Prices and Trade Board''. Alikuwa mkuu wa Shirika la Kitaifa la reli la Kanada katika miaka ya 1950 - 1966. Alihusika katika mgogoro mkali wa kuipa jina [[Hoteli ya Queen Elizabeth]] ilipoundwa jijini [[Montreal]]. Wapenzi wa [[Quebec]] walitaka hoteli hiyo iitwe Château Maisonneuve kwa makumbusho ya mwanzilishi wa Montreal,Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve. Gordon, alisisitiza sana hoteli iitwe jina la Malkia Elizabeth ,ambaye alikuwa amepanda na kuchukua kiti cha utawala kwa ghafla katika mwaka wa 1952. Wakati huu, ndio mipango ya hoteli hiyo ikiwa ikifikiriwa na kuchorwa na wasanii na wataalam. Katika mwaka wa 1944, yeye alituzwa tuzo ya Amri ya Mtakatifu Michael na Mtakatifu George(''Order of St. Michael & St. George''). Katika mwaka wa 1968, alipewa tuzo ya Amri ya Kanada (''Order of Canada''). [[Chuo Kikuu cha Queen]] katika mji wa [[Kingston]], [[Ontario]] ilimpa heshima kubwa Gordon ilipoamua kuiita nyumba za makazi ya wanafunzi Donald Gordon House na jumba lao la mikutano likaitwa Donald Gordon Centre. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Wafanyibiashara Maarufu wa Kanada. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003321 Donald Gordon] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003321 |date=20110607184941 }} katika [[Kamusi ya Kanada]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Gordon, Donald}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1969]] [[Category:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Category:Watu wa Uskoti]] isac4p8twgai2gtfnjtqud750s7eq33 Frank Martin 0 37396 1237883 895155 2022-08-01T14:03:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | color =#bfdfff | jina =Frank Martin | picha =[[Image:JasonStathamFrank.jpg]] | maelezo ya picha =[[Jason Statham]] kama Frank Martin katika [[The Transporter]]. Mwigizaji filamu wa Kitaiwani [[Shu Qi]] kacheza kama Lai Kwai. | kwanza =''[[The Transporter]]'' | jina lingine =Driver<br>'''The Transporter''' | jinsia =Male | umri =Haujulikani | amezaliwa =Haijulikani | kufa = | kazi yake =Usafirishaji na Mpanda baiskeli | cheo =The Transporter | familia = | ndoa = | watoto = | ndugu = | sehemu = | mwigizaji =[[Jason Statham]] | mbunifu = }} '''Frank Martin''' ni uhusika uliochezwa na [[Jason Statham]], hasa katika mfululizo wa filamu za ''[[The Transporter]]''. Martin amecheza kama dereva wa kulipwa-kujitegemea, anapatika kwa jamii ya wateja matajiri au hata wale wa uhalifu, ambaye anaishi hasa kwa kupata fedha kutoka katika shughuli za usafirishaji wa vitu. Jason Statham yeye mwenyewe ni mhitimu wa mafunzo ya [[martial arts]], inamruhusu kufanya michezo ya hatari ikiwa ni pamoja na nyusika za Frank Martin. Hii imeifanya filamu kuwa na vipande vya kupiga visivyokatwa katika na alama za ukweli zilizoongozwa na [[Cory Yuen]]. ==Historia ya uhusika== Martin anacheza kama opereta wa zamani wa kikosi maalumu ambapo alikuwa kiongozi wa kikosi cha utafiti na maangamizi. Historia yake ya kijeshi inaonesha kwamba alisha-zuru katika operesheni kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]] na [[Sudan]]. Amejizuru katika kazi hii ni baada ya kukasirishwa na moja ya wakubwa zake kwa kudharau kazi yake na kuona hana analolifanya, lakini kwa ufupi ni kwamba amechoshwa kuona juhudi zake za dhati zinageuka kuwa si kitu na watu walewale wanaomlipa kufanya kazi, halafu kutumia maarifa yake kufanyia shughuli za kishenzi. Nchi na asili ya Martin bado haieleweki - mbali na kazi, Statham ameathiriwa na lafudhi za "Kiatlantiki", anakichanganya mwenyewe na lahaja ya Kiingereza cha Mashariki na lafudhi ya Kiingereza cha Kimarekani, huenda akawa labda Mwigingereza au Mwamerika, lakini ni mtu ambaye anatumia muda wake mwingi kuishi katika nchi nyingine. Katika [[The Transporter]], ameonekana kupata [[Nyota ya Shaba]]. ===Usuli=== Inawezekana kwamba awali wakati akiwa jeshini, Martin alicheza kama mtaalamu wa milipuko, upelelezi, mkali wa kupiga mkono kwa mkono, mpishi na mwendeshaji gari kwa kuhepahepa. Akisisitiza kwamba yeye ni dereva mhitimu, anaweza kufanya maujanja na nguvu za kudhibiti chombo pindi aendeshapo gari lake. Martin mara nyingi hujiingiza kwenye ngumi za mkono kwa mkono, uwezo wa kubuni na kutumia silahi zisizo za kawaida dhidi ya mpinzani. Martin pia ni mhitimu wa kupiga risasi haraka sana. ===Sheria=== Martin hufanya shughuli zake kwa sheria kadhaa,<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0293662/plotsummary Plot summary for The Transporter]</ref> ambazo hataki kuzivunja katakata, na kutarajia wateja wake zake kuzitekeleza kwa njia ya kuonana au kwa simu. Sheria zake ni pamoja na: # "The deal is the deal" = Makubaliano ni makubaliano # "No names" = Hakuna kutaja majina # "Never open the package" = Hakuna kufungua mzigo # "Never Make A Promise You Can't Keep" = Usiweke Ahadi Usiyoweza-Kuitimiza Wakati wa mwanzoni kabisa mwa sheria hizi zimeonekana kutokuwa na umuhimu, umuhimu wake ulionekana pale Frank alipokodishwa kama dereva mtoroshaji, na mwanachama mwingine wa ujambazi akaongezeka. Akamweleza mkubwa wa majambazi kwamba idadi kamili ya abiria ilishakubaliwa kwa maana hiyo Martin anaweza kurekebisha mpango mzima, kiongozi wa majambazi akalazimika kumwua jambazi mmoja ili kuweka idadi kamili ya abiria, au achukue hatua kwa kuvunja sheria. Martin ameonekana akivunja sheria zake mwenyewe kuhusu kutofungua mzigo katikati mwa filamu ya ''The Transporter''. Sheria nyingine zimedokezwa na tabia ya Frank katika mfululizo yake ya kazi. Sheri hizo ni pamoja na, lakini hazina kikomo kuwa ndiyo mwisho, la: # "Always buckle up" = Daima funga mkanda # "Just say no to drugs" = Pinga madawa ya kulevya # "Never have friends who can speak English" = Kamwe -siwe na rafiki asiyeweza kuonge Kiingereza # "Never hit a woman, even if she's messing around with your car keys for a good five minutes" = Usimpige mwanamke, hata kama anavuruga funguo za gari lako hata kwa dakika tano # "50% discount if not delivered in specified time" = Punguzo la 50% iwapo mzigo utafika kwa muda usio-mwafaka # "Drive your own car, unless the other guy's are faster" = Endesha gari lako mwenyewe, isipokuwa la vijana wengine ambao wanaenda kwa fujo Sheria za gari: # "Respect a man's car, and the man will respect you" = Heshimu gari la mtu, na huyo mtu atakuheshimu # "Greet the Man" = Salimia mtu # "Seat belt" = Funga mkanda ===Mwonekano=== Martin hujali mpangilio wa sare, kwa kuvaa suti nyeusi, shati leupe, na tai nyeusi. Martin pia hujali suala la muda. ===Magari=== Martin anaonekana kupenda magari ya milango minne, kwa kutumia [[BMW 7 Series|BMW 735i]] [[BMW E38|E38]] na [[Mercedes-Benz W140]] katika ''[[The Transporter]]'', 2004 [[:en:Audi A8#D3 (Typ 4E, 2003-present)|Audi A8 6.0 W12]] katika ''[[Transporter 2]]'' na 2008 [[:en:Audi A8#D3 (Typ 4E, 2003-present)|Audi A8 6.0 W12]] kwenye ''[[Transporter 3]]''. Hata hivyo, wakati utengeneza wa moja ya sehemu ya filamu ya [[Transporter 2]], aliindesha [[Lamborghini Murcielago Roadster]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0293662/ The Transporter at imdb.com] *[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0388482/ Transporter 2 at imdb.com] *[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1129442/ Transporter 3 at imdb.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Frank}} [[Jamii:Wahusika]] snjx0ajnmwvzufmf9gohby6m60bo8yf AZ (rapa) 0 39907 1238113 1202675 2022-08-02T11:03:09Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ongezea}} {{Infobox musical artist | Jina = AZ | Img = Az-03.jpg | Img_capt = AZ, mjini New York, mnamo 1998 | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Anthony Cruz | Amezaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1972|9|5|df=yes}} | Asili yake = [[East New York, Brooklyn]], [[New York]] | Aina = [[Hip hop]] | Kazi yake = [[MC]], [[rapa]] | Miaka ya kazi = 1992–mpaka sasa | Studio = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[Motown]], [[Koch Records|Koch]], | Ameshirkiana na = [[Nas]], [[The Firm]], [[Cormega]], [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[DJ Premier]], [[Half A Mill]], [[Begetz]] | Tovuti = [http://www.doeordie2.com/ www.doeordie2.com] }} '''Anthony Cruz''' (amezaliwa tar. [[9 Mei]] [[1972]] mjini [[Brooklyn]]) ni [[rapa]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Dominika]]. anafahamika zaidi kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''AZ'''. Pia, hujulikana zaidi na zaidi kwa kuwa rafiki mkubwa wa kitambo wa rapa mwenzi - [[Nas]] na kuwa mmoja kati ya wanachama wa kundi bab-kubwa la hip hop, [[The Firm]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Nas]], [[Nature]] na [[Foxy Brown]]. AZ anafahamika sana kwa maudhui yake ya uimbaji wa kina na silabasi mbalimbali. AZ alianza kujipatia umaarufu baada ya kuonekana kwenye albamu ya [[Nas]]' ya ''[[Illmatic]]'' katika wimbo wa "[[Life's a Bitch]]" (1994)—tena alikuwa msanii mgeni pekee kuonekana kwenye albamu hiyo. Baada ya vita ya zabuni, AZ amesaini mkataba na EMI, na muda mfupi baadaye akatoa albamu ya ''[[Doe Or Die]]'' (1995) ikatamba sana, lakini ilipata mafanikio madogo kibiashara. Single kiongozi ya albamu, "Sugar Hill", imekuwa kibao pekee kupata mafanikio makubwa kibiashara kwa AZ akiwa kama msanii wa kujitegemea, kwa kufikia nafasi ya 25 kwenye chati za [[Billboard Hot 100]], na kutunukiwa hadhi ya [[RIAA certification|Gold]]. Mkataba wa AZ na EMI ulihamishiwa katika studio enzi ya [[Noo Trybe Records]]/[[Virgin Records]] wakati EMI Label Group imefungwa. Mnamo mwaka wa 1997, yeye na [[Nas]] wameonekana kwenye tangazo la biashara la [[Sprite]] . AZ akaingia mkataba na [[Motown]]/[[Universal Music Group|Universal Records]] na kutoa albamu ya ''[[9 Lives (albamu ya AZ)|9 Lives]]''.<ref name="ALLMUSIC">[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/az-p14943 allmusic Biography]</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, ametoa ''[[Aziatic]]''. Single kutoka katika albamu, "The Essence," (akishirikiana na [[Nas]]) imepata kuchaguliwa kwenye ugawaji wa [[Tuzo za Grammy]] wa mara ya 45 kwa Ajili ya Rap Bora ya Wawili au Kundi. Mnamo mwaka wa 2004, AZ alikuwa akipanga kutoa albamu - inge-kuwa albamu yake ya nne, ''Final Call'', hata hivyo, lakini hatimaye ikatiwa kapuni kwa kufuatia kuvuja kwa ajabu na imetolewa kama [[Final Call (The Lost Tapes)]] mnamo 2008. Ametoa albamu zake za 4 na 5 ''[[A.W.O.L. (albamu)|A.W.O.L.]]'' na ''[[The Format]]'' mnamo 2005 na 2006, kwa pamoja. Halafu ''[[Undeniable]]'' ilitolewa mnamo 2008. Na kwa mwezi wa Oktoba wa 2009, anafanyia kazi albamu yake yake ya 10 iitwayo ''Doe or Die 2'' itakayotolewa mwanzoni mwa mwaka wa 2010.<ref name="AllHipHop.com">{{cite web|url=http://allhiphop.com/stories/features/archive/2009/12/01/22049258.aspx|title=AZ: From Brooklyn to Hollywood|last=Davis|first=Meosha|date=2009-12-01|work=|publisher=[[AllHipHop]]|accessdate=2009-12-26|archivedate=2010-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104080547/http://www.allhiphop.com/stories/features/archive/2009/12/01/22049258.aspx}}</ref>. Ana matumaini ya kuwaingiza kikosi cha utayarishaji cha awali cha [[Doe Or Die]] kama vile [[L.E.S.]], [[Pete Rock]], [[DR Period]] na [[Buckwild]]. Ametibitisha hata kwamba amefanya nyimbo mbili na Pete Rock, ikiwa ni pamoja na "Rather Unique Part II". AZ pia ana mpango wa kuchukua biti kutoka kwa [[DJ Toomp]], [[Dr. Dre]] na [[Kanye West]] kwa ajili ya DOD2 ikiwa ni pamoja na kumwingiza mkali wake wa mistari wa zamani [[Nas]], pia kwa mujibu wa akaunti yake kwenye Twitter ametaja ya kwamba ameomba biti kutoka kwa [[RZA]] vilevile na kupanga kuitoa albamu kunako mwezi wa Mei au Juni 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.10323/title.az-wants-dr-dre-kanye-west-and-nas-for-doe-or-die-2|title=AZ Wants Dr. Dre, Kanye West And Nas For Doe Or Die 2|last=Arnold|first=Paul W|date=2009-12-22|work=|publisher=HipHopDX|accessdate=2009-12-26}}</ref> Single ya kwanza kutoka albamu itakuwa "Feel My Pain" iliyotayarishwa na Frank Dukes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://limelinx.com/files/b96ba295f9a05e205cea2df3008e1392 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-27 |archivedate=2012-03-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301084222/http://limelinx.com/files/b96ba295f9a05e205cea2df3008e1392 }}</ref> ==Diskografia== {{col-start}} {{col-2}} ===Albamu za studio=== * ''[[Doe or Die]]'' (1995) * ''[[Pieces of a Man]]'' (1998) * ''[[9 Lives (albamu ya AZ)|9 Lives]]'' (2001) * ''[[Aziatic]]'' (2002) * ''[[A.W.O.L. (albamu)|A.W.O.L.]]'' (2005) * ''[[The Format (album)|The Format]]'' (2006) * ''[[Undeniable]]'' (2008) * ''Doe or Die 2'' (2010) ===Albamu za ushirika=== * ''[[The Firm: The Album]]'' <small>(akiwa pamoja na kundi zima la [[The Firm]])</small> (1997) ===Kompilesheni albamu na Mixtapes=== * ''[[S.O.S.A. (Save Our Streets AZ)]]'' (2000) * ''[[Decade 1994–2004]]'' (2004) * ''The Return Of S.O.S.A. (Part 1)'' (2005) * ''The Memphis Sessions: The Remix-Tape'' (2007) * ''Niggaz 4 Life'' (2008) * ''[[Final Call (The Lost Tapes)]]'' (2008) * ''Anthology (B-Sides & Unreleased)'' (2008) * ''The Return Of S.O.S.A. (Part 2)'' (2008) * ''[[Legendary (AZ Album)|Legendary]]'' (2009) * ''[[G.O.D. (Gold, Oil & Diamonds)]]'' (2009) {{col-end}} ===Mionekano=== * 1992: "Understanding" [[Nas]] ''Pre-Illmatic Demo Tape'' * 1994: "The Genesis", "Life's A Bitch" [[Nas]] ''[[Illmatic]]'' * 1995: "Wake Up Show Anthem" With Big L, Chino XL, Doug E. Fresh & Masta Ace [[Sway & King Tech]] ''Wake Up Show 2'' * 1996: "A+Z" [[A+ (rapper)|A+]] ''[[The Latch-Key Child]]'' * 1996: "When The Cheering Stops" With Zhané, Ray Buchanan & Scott Galbraith (from ''[[NFL Jams (Import)]]'') * 1996: "Lady [DJ Premier Remix]" [[D'Angelo]] ''Lady 12"'' * 1996: "Album Intro", "Affirmative Action" With Foxy Brown & Cormega [[Nas]] ''[[It Was Written]]'' * 1996: "La Familia" [[Foxy Brown]] ''I'll Be 12"'' * 1996: "I Miss U [Come Back Home Remix]" [[Monifah]] ''Moods... Moments LP/ Miss U 12"/You 12"'' * 1996: "[[Something About You]] (Darkchild Remix)" [[New Edition]] single * 1998: "Head Over Heels [Trackmaster's Remix]" [[Allure]] ''Head Over Heels 12"'' * 1998: "Rock Me [JD Remix]" [[V.A.]] ''Caught Up OST'' * 1998: "Promises" With LaTocha Scott Of Xscape & Ray Buchanan (from ''[[NFL Jams (Intersound)]]'') * 1999: "Let's Live" With Animal [[The Union]] ''[[Hard Labor]]'' * 1999: "24/7 [Remix]" [[Kevon Edmonds]] ''24/7 12"'' * 1999: "Thug Connection" With Kool G Rap [[Papoose]] ''Alphabetical Slaughter 12"'' * 2000: "Takin' Ova Da Streets" The Bleach Brothers ''Takin' Ova Da Streets 12"'' * 2000: "Groove On [Remix]" [[Half-A-Mil]] ''Groove On 12"'' * 2000: "Quiet Money" [[Half-A-Mil]] ''[[Million]]'' * 2000: "Quiet Money [Blood Money]" With Animal & Half-A-Mil [[The Union]] ''Organized Rhymes'' * 2000: "It's War" [[DJ Skribble]] ''Traffic Jams'' * 2001: "Layaway" [[Jon B.]] ''[[Pleasures U Like]]'' * 2001: "The Flyest" [[Nas]] ''[[Stillmatic]]'' * 2002: "Holla Back" With Nawz & Tito [[Kool G Rap]] ''[[The Giancana Story]]'' * 2002: "Keep On Lovin' You [Remix]" [[Dave Hollister]] ''Keep On Lovin' You 12"'' * 2004: "Redemption" [[Cormega]] ''[[Legal Hustle]]'' * 2006: "Professional Style" [[The Alchemist (producer)|The Alchemist]] ''Chemistry Files'' * 2006: "The Hardest Pt. I" [[Styles P]] ''The Ghost Sessions - Mixtape'' * 2007: "No Holding Back" With Cormega Statik Selektah ''Spell My Name Right: The Album'' * 2007: "Who Am I?" with Cormega & Nature [[Cormega]] ''Who Am I?: The Soundtrack'' * 2008: "Too Real" [[Foxy Brown (rapper)|Foxy Brown]] ''[[Brooklyn's Don Diva]]'' * 2008: "It's So Hard" with [[Ali Vegas]], [[Styles P]] & Danny McClane * 2008: "Road To Success" ASN * 2008: "On The Road" ASN With Keisha Shontelle & Fuc That * 2009: "Harbormasters" with [[Ghostface Killah]] & [[Inspectah Deck]] ''[[Chamber Music (Wu-Tang Clan album)|Chamber Music]]'' * 2009: "D.O.A." (Death of Autotune) [Remix]" [[Jay-Z]] * 2010: "I'm Ill" [[Doe or Die 2]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{MySpace|azofficialmyspace|AZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Az}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a4u72mdtk7yw3bxvdthxqku6y9evfpv Herbert Grönemeyer 0 55028 1237866 899140 2022-08-01T13:45:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- Kwa habari za mmoja-mmoja; tazama Wikipedia:Mradi wa Wanamuziki--> | Jina = Herbert Grönemeyer | Img = Groenland Labelnight 30.09.04.jpg | Img_alt = | Img_capt = Herbert Grönemeyer, 2004 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Herbert Arthur Wiglev Clamor Grönemeyer | Amezaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1956|04|12|df=yes}} | Asili yake = [[Göttingen]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Ujerumani]] | Ala = | Aina = [[muziki wa rock|Rock]], [[muziki wa pop|Pop]], [[Soft rock]] | Kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]], [[Mwigizaji]], [[Mtunzi]] | Miaka ya kazi = 1978–1988, 1990–mpaka sasa | Studio = [[EMI]], [[Co.KG]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[Pop 2000]] | Tovuti = http://www.groenemeyer.de/ }} '''Herbert Arthur Wiglev Clamor Grönemeyer''' (amezaliwa tar. [[12 Aprili]] [[1956]]) ni mwigizaji na mwanamuziki maarufu kutoka nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Anafahamika sana kwa nchi ya [[Ujerumani]], [[Austria]] na [[Switzerland]]. Amecheza kama mwandishi wa habari wa vita Lieutenant Werner kwenye filamu ya [[Wolfgang Petersen]] ''[[Das Boot]]'', lakini baadaye akazingatia zaidi shughuli zake za kimuziki. Albamu yake ya tano inaitwa ''[[4630 Bochum]]'' (1984) na albamu yake ya ishirini inaitwa ''[[Mensch (albamu)|Mensch]]'' (Binadamu) (2002) ni rekodi za lugha ya Kijerumani zilizouza vizuri kwa muda wote. ==Maisha ya awali== Grönemeyer mara nyingi huelezea asili ya maisha yake binfasi kwamba yamelala katika mji wa Kijerumani wa [[Bochum]] ambapo ametumia maisha yake ya utotoni kwa kiasi kikubwa, ujana na utu uzima wa awali. Hadi leo, wimbo wa ''Bochum'', aliutoa kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo mwaka wa 1984, ni moja kati ya nyimbo za alama yake, hasa wakati anatumbuiza kwenye makumbi. Kuzaliwa kwake mjini [[Göttingen]] na sio mjini Bochum ana maelezo yake mwenyewe: "Nimezaliwa mjini Göttingen tu kwa sababu mama yangu alikuwa akizimia mara kwa mara wakati ana ujauzito wangu. Amefanya hivi kila mara amejigeuza upande wake wa kushoto, na hakuna hata mmoja aliyemwamini. Mjini Göttingen kulikwa na profesa, mtaalamu, naye hakumwamini vilevile, kwa kilele hicho kalala chini, kazimia, na kuniletea mimi kwenye ulimwengu huu. Hii ndiyo sababu nimezaliza mjini Göttingen." ==Kazi== ==Diskografia== === Albamu=== * 1978 &mdash; ''Ocean Orchestra'' * 1979 &mdash; ''Grönemeyer '' * 1980 &mdash; ''Zwo'' * 1982 &mdash; ''Total egal'' * 1983 &mdash; ''Gemischte Gefühle'' * 1984 &mdash; ''Bochum'' * 1986 &mdash; ''Sprünge'' * 1988 &mdash; ''Ö'' * 1988 &mdash; ''What's all this'' * 1990 &mdash; ''Luxus'' * 1991 &mdash; ''Luxus'' (English) * 1992 &mdash; ''So gut'' * 1993 &mdash; ''Chaos'' * 1994 &mdash; ''Cosmic Chaos'' * 1995 &mdash; ''Unplugged'' * 1995 &mdash; ''Live'' * 1996 &mdash; ''Chaos'' (English) * 1998 &mdash; ''Bleibt alles anders'' * 2000 &mdash; ''Stand der Dinge'' (Double DVD/CD) * 2002 &mdash; ''[[Mensch (albamu)|Mensch]]'' * 2003 &mdash; ''Mensch live'' (Double DVD) * 2006 &mdash; "Zeit, dass sich was dreht" / "Celebrate the day" (Official [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] Anthem) (Maxi CD) * 2007 &mdash; ''[[12 (Herbert Grönemeyer)|12]]'' * 2008 &mdash; ''Was muss muss'' == Filmografia == * 1976 &mdash; ''Die Geisel'' (imeongozwa na [[Peter Zadek]]) * 1978 &mdash; ''Von Tag zu Tag'' (imeongozwa Ulrich Stein) * 1978 &mdash; ''Uns reicht das nicht'' (imeongozwa na Juergen Flimm) * 1979 &mdash; ''Daheim unter Fremden'' (imeongozwa na Peter Keglevic) * 1981 &mdash; ''[[Das Boot]]'' (imeongozwa na [[Wolfgang Petersen]]) * 1982 &mdash; ''Doktor Faustus'' (imeongozwa na Franz Seitz) * 1982 &mdash; ''Frühlingssinfonie'' (imeongozwa na Peter Schamoni) * 1984 &mdash; ''Die ewigen Gefühle'' (imeongozwa na Peter Beauvais) * 1985 &mdash; ''Väter und Söhne'' (imeongozwa na [[Bernhard Sinkel]]) * 2007 &mdash; ''[[Control (2007 film)|Control]]'' (imeongozwa [[Anton Corbijn]]) * 2010 &mdash; ''[[The American (2010 film)|The American]]'' (imeongozwa na Anton Corbijn) ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commons|Herbert Grönemeyer|Herbert Grönemeyer}} * http://www.groenemeyer.de Official site * http://www.groenland.com Grönemeyer's record label * http://www.letzte-version.de Fan site * [http://www.europopmusic.eu/Germany_pages/Gronemeyer_def.html Herbert Grönemeyer on Europopmusic.eu] (English) * {{ imdb name | id = 0344963 | name = Herbert Grönemeyer }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gronemeyer, Herbert}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ujerumani]] e630f1fj8bae4puoqkorivq6n7j9m9c Jadakiss 0 55265 1238123 1140973 2022-08-02T11:20:09Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Img = Jadakiss in 2014.jpg|320px |Maelezo ya picha = Jadakiss mnamo 2014 |Jina = Jadakiss |Background = solo_singer |Amezaliwa = Jason Phillips |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1975|5|27|df=yes}}<br /> [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]], [[New York]], [[United States|U.S.]] |Aina = [[Hip hop]] |Kazi yake = Rapper |Miaka ya kazi = 1993–hadi leo |Studio = [[D-Block Records|D-Block]], [[Ruff Ryders Entertainment|Ruff Ryders]], [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] |Ameshirikiana na = [[The LOX]], [[Styles P]], [[Sheek Louch]], [[DMX]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[Raekwon]], [[Jay-Z]], [[Fat Joe]], [[Rick Ross]], [[Pharrell]] }} '''Jason Phillips''' (amezaliwa tar. [[27 Mei]] [[1975]]),<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jadakiss-p379194|title=Jadakiss > Biography|last=Smith|first=Kerry L.|date=2004|publisher=allmusic|accessdate=20 Oktoba 2008}}</ref> anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Jadakiss''', ni rapa kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Huyu ni mwanachama wa kundi zima la [[The LOX]]. Jadakiss ni mmoja kati ya wamiliki wa chapa ijulikanayo kama D-Block. ==Maisha binafsi== Akiwa na umri wa 16, Jadakiss alikuwa rapa wa michano huru. Yeye na baadhi ya marafiki zake walipewa fursa ya kushiriki kwenye shindano la "Jack the Rapper Competition" huko mjini [[Florida]], ambapo Jadakiss aligunduliwa kipaji chake cha kupambana kirap. Akakutana na Dee na Wah wa [[Ruff Ryders]] (halafu kuongoza kampuni), na kuanza kazi kuzura kimapambano ya michano nje ya studio ya Ruff Ryders ambapo baadhi ya wasanii kama vile [[DMX]] wamefanya vibao vyao kwa mara ya kwanza. ==Kazi== Jadakiss ameanzisha kundi la The Warlocks kunako mwaka wa 1994 akiwa na washkaji zake Sheek Louch, Chris "Lil Mac" Pelkey, na Styles P. Baadaye wakaingia mkataba na [[Bad Boy Entertainment]], ambapo walishauriwa kubadili jina lao liwe fupi kuwa "The LOX", ambayo inasimama kama Living Off eXperience. Wameanza kuonekana kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo mwaka wa kwenye LP ya The Main Source mnamo 1994 ''[[Fuck What You Think]]'' katika wimbo wa "Set it Off". Kundi, hasa Jadakiss, amejenga uhusiano wa karibu sana na [[The Notorious B.I.G.]], kipindi hicho Jadakiss yupo begani mwa Biggie. Kibao cha kwanza cha The LOX kilitolewa kama ukumbusho wa Biggie kiliitwa "We'll Always Love Big Poppa" (upande wa pili wa wimbo wa [[Puff Daddy]] "I'll Be Missing You") mnamo 1997.Mwaka wa 1998, kina LOX wametoa kibao cha [[Money, Power & Respect]]. Baada ya albamu hii, wameondoka [[Bad Boy Records]]. ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Jadakiss }} ;Studio albums *2001: ''[[Kiss tha Game Goodbye]]'' *2004: ''[[Kiss of Death]]'' *2009: ''[[The Last Kiss (albamu)|The Last Kiss]]'' ==Tazama pia== *[[The LOX]] *[[Ruff Ryders]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.jadakiss.com/ Official website] * {{MySpace|jadakiss}} * [http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/67/jaheim-ft-jadakiss---everytime-i-think-about-her-%28official.html Jaheim ft. Jadakiss- Every time I think About Her Official Music Video] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/67/jaheim-ft-jadakiss---everytime-i-think-about-her-%28official.html |date=20100504143418 }} * [http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/540/jadakiss-coogi-photo-shoot.html Jadakiss at his Coogi Photo Shoot] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/540/jadakiss-coogi-photo-shoot.html |date=20100504143412 }} * [http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/643/backstage-w-jadakiss-at-the-highline-ballroom.html Backstage with Jadakiss at the Highline Ballroom] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hoodtmz.com/videos/643/backstage-w-jadakiss-at-the-highline-ballroom.html |date=20100504135459 }} * [http://www.phrequency.com/genres/hip_hop/SXSW_Jadakiss_.html Photos from Jadakiss' set at SXSW 2009 from Phrequency.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.phrequency.com/genres/hip_hop/SXSW_Jadakiss_.html |date=20110511164317 }} * [http://hhcdigital.net/blog1/2009/04/19/jadakiss-interview/ Jadakiss interview with HHC Digital magazine] {{Wayback|url=http://hhcdigital.net/blog1/2009/04/19/jadakiss-interview/ |date=20110515004209 }} * [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638594/20100506/jadakiss.jhtml/ Jadakiss top 5 dead or alive] {{Jadakiss}} {{D-Block}} {{Roc-A-Fella Records}} {{Def Jam}} {{Ruff Ryders}} [[Jamii:Marapa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ruff Ryders]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa D-Block Records]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] pm9usctk9n6e6cwm6ky6pzltq2gadji Leonard Roberts 0 55772 1237865 899598 2022-08-01T13:45:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | jina = Leonard Roberts | picha = Leonard Roberts, 2006.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Roberts (kushoto) akiwa na mshirika mwenzake wa [[Heroes]] [[Noah Gray-Cabey]] (kulia) mnamo 2006 | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1972|11|17|df=yes}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], <br /> Marekani }} '''Leonard Roberts''' (amezaliwa [[17 Novemba]] [[1972]]) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. ==Wasifu== Leonard Roberts alizaliwa mnamo 17 Novemba 1972, mjini [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. Mwaka wa 1995, Roberts amehitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sanaa na Maigizo cha DePaul akiwa na Shahada ya Sanaa katika uigizaji.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0731346/ | title = Leonard Roberts (1990-2010) | work = IMDb | publisher = Amazon.com | accessdate = 2010-03-19 }}</ref> Anafahamika zaidi kwa nyusika zake kama vile Sean Taylor kwenye ''[[Drumline (filamu)|Drumline]]'' na [[Forrest Gates]] kwenye msimu wa nne wa ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]''. Naye pia anafahamika zaidi kuwa miongoni mwa mashabiki wakubwa wa ''[[Smallville]]'' kwa kucheza uhusika wa Nam-Ek, na [[D.L. Hawkins]] kwenye tamthilia ya ubunifu wa kisayansi wa [[NBC]], ''[[Heroes]]''. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * {{imdb name|0731346|Leonard Roberts}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roberts, Leonard}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 5boczb7wxykrmtcjju7yu55tsl9f36l Chuo Kikuu cha McGill 0 56494 1237907 1179377 2022-08-01T14:39:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mcgill_University_(Arts_Buildings,_closeup).jpg|thumb|Chuo Kikuu Cha McGillt]] '''Chuo Kikuu cha McGill''' ni [[chuo kikuu]] mjini [[Montreal]], [[Kanada]]. Kilianzishwa mwaka wa 1821, na kupata jina lake kutoka kwa [[James McGill]], mfanyabiashara hodari wa mji wa Montreal. {{mbegu-elimu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McGill, Chuo Kikuu}} [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Montreal]] eu4rq0s1frn3s03m7tmn3z4gsmni7vb 1237908 1237907 2022-08-01T14:40:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mcgill_University_(Arts_Buildings,_closeup).jpg|thumb|Chuo Kikuu Cha McGillt]] '''Chuo Kikuu cha McGill''' ni [[chuo kikuu]] mjini [[Montreal]], [[Kanada]]. Kilianzishwa mwaka wa 1821, na kupata jina lake kutoka kwa [[James McGill]], mfanyabiashara hodari wa mji wa Montreal. {{mbegu-elimu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McGill, Chuo Kikuu}} [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Montreal, Quebec]] lexkh4xujk18giyslk955tducjx7kfj Oliver Queen (Smallville) 0 57461 1237887 1202945 2022-08-01T14:08:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character |main |picha= [[File:OQueenFinale.jpg|300px]] |jina = Oliver Queen |familia = [[Chloe Sullivan]] (mke), Robert Queen na Laura Queen (wazazi, wamefariki) |kazi = CEO wa ([[Queen Industries]]), <br>Mwanahisa wa [[LuthorCorp]], <br>Mwanzilishi, mfadhili, na kiongozi wa zamani wa kina [[Justice League (Smallville)|Justice League]] |nguvu=Super dexterity <br>Skilled hand to hand combatant |mchezaji = [[Justin Hartley]] |hali = Yu-hai }} '''Oliver Jonas Queen''' <ref>Oliver's middle name is spoken by his father in Volume 1 of the ''Oliver Queen Chronicles''</ref> ni jina la mmiliki bilionea na ni CEO wa [[Queen Industries]], ambaye pia anajulikana kwa jina la '''Green Arrow'''. Huyu pia ni mume wa [[Chloe Sullivan (Smallville)|Chloe Sullivan]]. Akiwa kama Green Arrow, Oliver anavaa vazi la kijani na nyeusi na kuamuru aina mbalimbali za mishare na zana kwa ajili ya ulinzi. Oliver amepata kuwa na mahusiano marefu kiasi na [[Lex Luthor]]. Uhusiano ambao ulianza wakati wanasoma wote katika shule ya bweni. Pia amewahi kuwa na mahusiano ya kimahaba-kiutatanishi na mfuasi wa Lex Luthor, [[Tess Mercer]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa [[Justice League (Smallville)|kikosi cha mashujaa-bab-kubwa]], ambamo ni kikosi cha watu kilichojianzisha kwa ajili ya kuilinda Metropolis. Pale Oliver alivyoingiwa na huzuini baada ya kugundua ya kwamba Lionel ndiye aliyewauwa wazazi wake, akabadili maisha yake kwa kuwa mtu wa wanawake, ulevi, na kujirusha. Haitoshi tena ameacha hadi kazi zake za Green Arrow na kutumia miezi mingi kwa kutengeneza kurasa za umbeya kufuatia kifo cha Jimmy Olsen, lakini baadaye akaamua kurudi katika hali ya kawaida kama jinsi alivyokuwa hapo awali (ilikuwa kwa msaada wa [[Chloe Sullivan (Smallville)|Chloe Sullivan]]. ==Uhusiano wake== '''Uhusiano wa Kirafiki na Wanaume''' * [[Clark na Oliver]]: Inaelezea urafiki wao wa mashaka. * [[Oliver na Lex|Lex na Oliver]]: Inaelezea uhasama wao tangu kitambo. * [[Oliver and Jimmy]]: Inaelezea urafiki wao. '''Uhusiano wa Kirafiki na Wanawake''' * [[Chloe na Oliver]]: Inaelezea jinsi walivyokutana na kuhusiana kikazi na hadi hapo baadaye kimapenzi. * [[Lois na Oliver]]: Inaelezea uhusiano wao mfupi wa kimahaba na urafiki wa kufa na kuzikana. * [[Tess na Oliver]]: Inaelezea utatanishi wa urafiki wao. * [[Clark, Lois na Oliver]]: Inaelezea mapenzi-kizungu-mkuti waliogawana na urafiki wao wa kina. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.dccomics.com/dcu/heroes_and_villains/?hv=origin_stories/green_arrow&p=1 Green Arrow] - DC Comics * [http://www.cwtv.com/thecw/smallville-legends-1 ''The Oliver Queen Chronicles'' on CW.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cwtv.com/thecw/smallville-legends-1 |date=20081006214623 }} * [http://dcanimated.wikia.com/wiki/Green_Arrow Green Arrow] on DCAU Wikia * [http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Green_Arrow Green Arrow] on DC Comics Database * [http://www.kryptonsite.com/greenarrow.htm Oliver Queen on KryptonSite] * [http://youngjustice.wikia.com/wiki/Green_Arrow Green Arrow] on ''Young Justice'' Wikia {{Smallville}} [[Jamii:Wahusika]] rk4qqbe4gvzxigf3hy4js0ii5pcvsec Man with No Name 0 57522 1237885 899835 2022-08-01T14:07:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya Nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox character | jina = Man with no name<br />({{lang-it|Uomo senza nome}}) | mfululizo = [[Dollars Trilogy]] | picha = [[Picha:Eastwood Good Bad and the Ugly.png|250px]] | maelezo ya picha = | kwanza = ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' | mwisho = ''[[The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly]]'' | sababu = | mtunzi = [[Sergio Leone]] | mchezaji = [[Clint Eastwood]] | sehemu = | jina la utani = "Joe" (''A Fistful of Dollars'') <br /> "Manco" (''For a Few Dollars More'')<br /> "Blondie" (''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly''), The Man From Nowhere, ''"Señor Ninguno"'' ("Mr. Nobody"), Mr. Sudden Death, Nameless | jina lingine = The Stranger, The Hunter, The Bounty Killer | spishi = | jinsia = | umri = | amezaliwa = | kifo = | specialty = | kazi yake = [[Bounty Hunter]]/Bounty Killer | title = | callsign = | familia = | spouse = | significantother= | children = | relatives = | residence = | religion = | utaifa = American }} The '''Man With No Name''' ({{lang-it|Uomo senza nome}}) ni jina la kutaja uhusika katika [[filamu za western]], lakini istilahi hii kikawaida hutumika mahususi kwa uhusika uliochezwa na [[Clint Eastwood]] kwenye filamu zilizoongozwa na [[Sergio Leone]] "[[The Dollars Trilogy]]." Kunako mwaka wa 2008, ''[[Empire (jarida)|Empire]]'' limechagua "The Man With No Name" kama uhusika mkali wa 43 katika filamu kwa muda wote.<ref>http://www.empireonline.com/100-greatest-movie-characters/default.asp?c=43</ref> == Mionekano == === Filamu === * ''[[A Fistful of Dollars]]'' (1964) * ''[[For a Few Dollars More]]'' (1965) * ''[[The Good, the Bad and the Ugly]]'' (1966) Katika filamu ya ''[[Back to the Future Part III]]'', [[Marty McFly]] kajiita kama "Clint Eastwood", mavazi na kofia aliyoivaa inafanana fika na "The Man with No Name", na kuiba baadhi ya maujanja kutoka katika filamu ya ''A Fistful of Dollars'' ili kumshinda "Mad Dog" Tannen. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{IMDb title|0250570|Man with No Name}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Man With No Name}} [[Jamii:Wahusika]] [[jamii:Spaghetti Western]] lqgdqpvqrb6rg6ndjnd16mwk8zbc3mb Mbu 0 69398 1237835 1208552 2022-08-01T13:10:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = pink | jina = Mbu | picha = Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Mbu wa aina ya anofelesi (''Anopheles gambiae'') akifyonza damu | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] (Wanyama) | faila = [[Arthropoda]] (Wanyama wenye miguu yenye viungo) | nusufaila = [[Hexapoda]] (Wanyama wenye miguu sita) | ngeli = [[Insecta]] (Wadudu) | ngeli_ya_chini = [[Pterygota]] (Wadudu wenye mabawa) | oda = [[Diptera]] (Wadudu wenye mabawa mawili tu) | nusuoda = [[Nematocera]] (Diptera wenye vipapasio kama nyuzi) | bingwa_wa_nusuoda = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1825 | subdivision = '''Oda za chini 7''': *[[Axymyiomorpha]] <small>[[Raymond Corbett Shannon|Shannon]], 1921</small> *[[Bibionomorpha]] <small>[[Willi Hennig|Hennig]], 1954</small> *[[Blephariceromorpha]] <small>[[David Keith Yeates|Yeates]] ''et al.'', 2007</small> *[[Culicomorpha]] <small>Hennig, 1948</small> *[[Psychodomorpha]] <small>Hennig, 1968</small> *[[Ptychopteromorpha]] <small>Yeates ''et al.'', 2007</small> *[[Tipulomorpha]] <small>[[Boris Borisovitsch Rohdendorf|Rohdendorf]], 1961</small> }} '''Mbu''' ni [[wadudu]] wadogo wa [[nusuoda]] [[Nematocera]] katika [[oda]] [[Diptera]] (yaani “wenye [[bawa|mabawa]] mawili”). Kwa asili jina hili limetumika kwa wadudu wa [[familia (biolojia)|familia]] [[Culicidae]], lakini kwa sababu [[spishi]] nyingi za Nematocera hazina majina ya [[Kiswahili]], “mbu” linapendekezwa kama jina kwa Nematocera wote. Nusuoda nyingine ya Diptera, [[Brachycera]], inashirikisha [[nzi]] na jamaa wao. Spishi ndogo za Nematocera huitwa usubi au [[kisubi (mdudu)|visubi]]. Diptera wote wana mabawa mawili tu yaliyopo kwa [[toraksi|mesotoraksi]]. Mabawa ya nyuma ya asili yamepunguzika na kubadilika kuwa [[rungu|virungu]] ([[w:Halteres|halteres]]) ambavyo vinasaidia mdudu ajue mkao wake na mabadiliko ya mwelekeo (kama aina ya [[gurudumu tuzi]]). Vipapasio vya Nematocera ni virefu kiasi na vina mapingili mengi kuliko Brachycera. Madume ya spishi nyingi zinabeba nywele nyingi juu ya vipapasio. Sehemu za kinywa za mbu zimetoholewa kwa kufyunza. Mara nyingi zinaweza kudunga, k.m. katika spishi zinazofyunza [[damu]]. Spishi za mbu zinazojulikana sana ni zile ambazo hufyunza [[damu]]. Ni majike ambao wanafyunza damu, kwa sababu lazima wakuze [[yai|mayai]]. Madume na spishi nyingine za mbu hufyunza [[mbochi]] au utomvu. Mbu waladamu hurithisha [[ungonjwa|magonjwa]] mara nyingi, k.m. [[malaria]] (spishi za [[anofelesi]] (''[[Anopheles]]'')), [[homanyongo]], [[homa ya vipindi]], [[chikungunya]] (spishi za ''[[Aedes]]'') na [[matende]] (spishi za [[kuleksi]] (''[[Culex]]'')). [[Lava]] wa spishi nyingi zaidi huishi katika maji ambapo hula [[algae|viani]], [[bakteria]] na vijidudu wengine. Lava waambua ngozi mara nne kabla ya kuwa [[bundo]]. Akikomaa bundo aelea juu ya maji au apanda juu ya mmea wa maji na [[mdumili]] atoka. ==Spishi kadhaa za Afrika== * ''[[w:Aedes aegypti|Aedes aegypti]]'', [[Mbu wa Homanyongo]] * ''[[w:Aedes albopictus|Aedes albopictus]]'', [[Mbu-misitu]] * ''[[w:Anopheles funestus|Anopheles funestus]]'', [[Anofelesi Kamata]] * ''[[w:Anopheles gambiae|Anopheles gambiae]]'', [[Anofelesi wa Gambia]] * ''[[w:Culex quinquefasciatus| Culex quinquefasciatus]]'', [[Kuleksi Mabaka-matano]] * ''[[w:Culex thalassius|Culex thalassius]]'', [[Kuleksi-pwani]] ==Picha== <gallery> Bibio lanigerus.jpg|Bibionomorpha/ Bibionidae (''Bibio lanigerus'') Aedes aegypti during blood meal.jpg|Culicomorpha/Culicidae (mbu wa homanyongo ''Aedes aegypti'') CulexNil.jpg|Culicomorpha/Culicidae (kuleksi mabaka-matano''Culex quinquefasciatus'') Black Fly.png|Culicomorpha/Simuliidae (kisubi mweusi ''Simulium'' sp.) Psychodidae Moth Fly (11058663864).jpg|Psychodomorpha/ Psychodidae (kisubi-nondo ''Psychoda'' sp.) Phlebotomus pappatasi bloodmeal continue2.jpg|Psychodomorpha/ Psychodidae (kisubi-homa ''Phlebotomus pappatasi'') Phantom crane fly - Faltenmücke (10136285735).jpg|Ptychopteromorpha/ Ptychopteridae (''Ptychoptera contaminata'') Tipula.fascipennis.male.jpg|Tipulomorpha/Tipulidae (''Tipula fascipennis'') </gallery> {{Mbegu-mdudu}} [[Jamii:Nzi na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wadudu waambukizao magonjwa]] 29nvt1ih8b3ra8vq04j6ix9x9xn7aq5 Kibali (Indonesia) 0 72947 1237824 996651 2022-08-01T12:41:11Z Mashkawat.ahsan 35133 video imeongezwa #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WIKITONGUES - Ni Luh speaking Balinese.webm|thumb|250px|Kibali (Indonesia)]] '''Kibali''' ni [[Lugha za Kiaustronesia|lugha ya Kiaustronesia]] nchini [[Indonesia]] inayozungumzwa na [[Wabali]] kwenye visiwa vya [[Bali]] na [[Nusa Penida]]. Pia Wabali wamehamia visiwa vya [[Sulawesi]] na vya [[Lombok]]. Mwaka wa 2000 idadi ya wasemaji wa Kibali imehesabiwa kuwa watu 3,330,000. Kufuatana na uainishaji wa lugha kwa ndani zaidi, Kibali iko katika kundi la Kibali-Sasak-Sumbawa. Isichanganywe na lugha nyingine ziitwazo Kibali nchini za [[Kibali (Kongo)|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na [[Kibali (Nigeria)|Nigeria]]. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://multitree.org/codes/ban lugha ya Kibali kwenye Multitree] *[http://www.language-archives.org/language/ban makala za OLAC kuhusu Kibali] *[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bali1278 lugha ya Kibali katika Glottolog] *[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ban lugha ya Kibali kwenye Ethnologue] {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bali}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Indonesia]] 069l0fghgqcjb37b1pq90ku4z0jgme2 Kigezo:Infobox settlement/sandbox 10 81487 1237979 1237812 2022-08-02T06:22:41Z BevoLJ 53014 + fomu_idadi_wakazi1, jina_la_watu, kanda_muda, iso_namba wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;">'''<span class="fn org">{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}|<br><span class="nickname">{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}</span>}}'''</td> </tr> <!-- ***** Picha ya makazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}| <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;;"> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwawapicha|}}}|{{{ukubwawapicha}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_picha|Skyline ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Bendera, Nembo, Ngao na Logo***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0"> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}|1|0}}}}|2| <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small>|{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} }} </table></td></tr>}} <!-- ***** Ramani ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|}}}{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}{{{map_caption|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani1|{{{image_map1|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|{{{mapsize1|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }}}} <!--***** Ramani yenye nukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">{{superimpose |base = {{{image_dot_map|{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}}}} |base_width = {{#if:{{{dot_mapsize|}}}{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}|{{{dot_mapsize|{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}|180px}} |base_caption = {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} |float = Red pog.svg |float_width = 9px |float_caption = <!--{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}--> |x = {{{dot_x|}}} |y = {{{dot_y|}}} }} {{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}|<small>{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Ramani yenye pini ***** --> {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{ramani_pini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"> {{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|{{{ramani_pini|}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|{{{mahali_pa_jina_la_pini|}}}}}} }} | none | | {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} }} |lat = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{latNS|n}}} }} | s={{#expr:0-({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} | n={{#expr:({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} }} |long = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{longEW|e}}} }} | w={{#expr:0-({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} | e={{#expr:({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} }} |float = none |caption = |border = none |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | right }} |width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }} }} {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}|<small>{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}}}}</small>|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small> }} }} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Majiranukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{latd|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">[[Majiranukta]]: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{{coordinates_type|type:city}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kaulimbiu ***** --> {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{kaulimbiu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Kaulimbiu: {{{motto|{{{kaulimbiu|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!--***** Established *****--> {{#if:{{{established_title|}}}{{{lililowekwa|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>{{{established_title|{{{lililowekwa|}}}}}}: {{{established_date|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{established_title2|{{{jina_lililowekwa2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{established_date2|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Utawala ***** --> {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name|{{{jina_la_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type1|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name1|{{{jina_la_serikali1|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type2|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name2|{{{jina_la_serikali2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type3|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name3|{{{jina_la_serikali3|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type4|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name4|{{{jina_la_serikali4|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Serikali ***** --> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Serikali]]'''{{#if:{{{government_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}|{{{government_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Type</th> <td>{{{government_type|{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title1|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title2|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Eneo ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Eneo]]'''{{#if:{{{area_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo}}}}}|{{{area_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> &nbsp;-&nbsp;Jumla</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}} }}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |<!--SN OR ELSE use unit_pref way-->{{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) |({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or Blank then show-->= {{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}} }} }} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kavu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Maji</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Urban</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank1_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank2_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Mwinuko ***** --> {{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>Mwinuko{{#if:{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Idadi ya Wakazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{idadi_ya_mijini|}}}{{{idadi_ya_metro|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|}}} <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''Idadi ya wakazi''' {{#if:{{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|}}}{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|}}}{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|{{{population_as_of|}}}}}}}}}){{#if:{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi|}}}|{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi kwa ujumla {{#if:{{{aiana_ya_makazi|}}}|{{{aina_ya_makazi}}} }}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|{{{population_total|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{sq_mi_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{km2_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi wa mijini</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_urban|{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu wa mijini <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1}}}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}{{{jina_la_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td>&nbsp;Jina la watu</td> <td><small>{{{population_demonym|{{{jina_la_watu}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_note|}}}{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{population_note|{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Kanda muda ***** --> {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}{{{timezone1|}}}{{{kanda_muda|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{kanda_muda|{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{Kanda muda|}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset|{{{utc_offset1|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC|}}}}}}}}}]]) </tr> {{#if:{{{timezone_DST|}}}{{{kanda_muda_DST|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</th> <td>{{{timezone_DST|{{{kanda_muda_dst|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset_DST|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST|}}}}}}]])</td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Msimbo wa Posta ***** --> {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{msimbo_posta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Msimbo wa posta</th> <td>{{{postal_code|{{{msimbo_posta|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kodi ya Simu ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_code|}}}{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Kodi ya simu</th> <td>{{{area_code|{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji ***** --> {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}{{{iso_namba|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>[[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|ISO namba]]</th> <td>{{{iso_code|{{{iso_namba|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!--*****Blank Fields*****--> {{#if:{{{blank_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{fomu_jina|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{blank_name|{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{fomu_jina|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank_info|{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{fomu_taarifa|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank1_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}{{{fomu_jina1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank1_name|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_jina1|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_taarifa1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank2_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec3|}}}{{{fomu_jina2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank2_name|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_jina2|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank2_info|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_taarifa2|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank3_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec4|}}}{{{fomu_jina3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank3_name|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_jina3|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank3_info|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_taarifa3|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}}} }}}} <!-- ***** Maelezo ya chini ***** --> {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{footnotes|{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Tovuti ***** --> {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{tovuti|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">[[Tovuti]]:&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{website|{{{tovuti|}}}}}} </tr> }}</table><!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- --><!-- {{esoteric}} --><!-- -->{{/hati}}<!-- --></noinclude> moz1v1fcn1djw00i7rcbw9s0cu0jw0d 1238041 1237979 2022-08-02T07:18:27Z BevoLJ 53014 marejeleo_ya_eneo| wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;">'''<span class="fn org">{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}|<br><span class="nickname">{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}</span>}}'''</td> </tr> <!-- ***** Picha ya makazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}| <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;;"> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwawapicha|}}}|{{{ukubwawapicha}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_picha|Skyline ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Bendera, Nembo, Ngao na Logo***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0"> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}|1|0}}}}|2| <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small>|{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} }} </table></td></tr>}} <!-- ***** Ramani ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|}}}{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}{{{map_caption|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani1|{{{image_map1|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|{{{mapsize1|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }}}} <!--***** Ramani yenye nukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">{{superimpose |base = {{{image_dot_map|{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}}}} |base_width = {{#if:{{{dot_mapsize|}}}{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}|{{{dot_mapsize|{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}|180px}} |base_caption = {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} |float = Red pog.svg |float_width = 9px |float_caption = <!--{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}--> |x = {{{dot_x|}}} |y = {{{dot_y|}}} }} {{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}|<small>{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Ramani yenye pini ***** --> {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{ramani_pini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"> {{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|{{{ramani_pini|}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|{{{mahali_pa_jina_la_pini|}}}}}} }} | none | | {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} }} |lat = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{latNS|n}}} }} | s={{#expr:0-({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} | n={{#expr:({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} }} |long = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{longEW|e}}} }} | w={{#expr:0-({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} | e={{#expr:({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} }} |float = none |caption = |border = none |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | right }} |width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }} }} {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}|<small>{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}}}}</small>|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small> }} }} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Majiranukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{latd|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">[[Majiranukta]]: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{{coordinates_type|type:city}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kaulimbiu ***** --> {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{kaulimbiu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Kaulimbiu: {{{motto|{{{kaulimbiu|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!--***** Established *****--> {{#if:{{{established_title|}}}{{{lililowekwa|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>{{{established_title|{{{lililowekwa|}}}}}}: {{{established_date|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{established_title2|{{{jina_lililowekwa2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{established_date2|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Utawala ***** --> {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name|{{{jina_la_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type1|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name1|{{{jina_la_serikali1|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type2|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name2|{{{jina_la_serikali2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type3|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name3|{{{jina_la_serikali3|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type4|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name4|{{{jina_la_serikali4|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Serikali ***** --> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Serikali]]'''{{#if:{{{government_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}|{{{government_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Type</th> <td>{{{government_type|{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title1|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title2|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Eneo ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Eneo]]'''{{#if:{{{area_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}}}|{{{area_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> &nbsp;-&nbsp;Jumla</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}} }}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |<!--SN OR ELSE use unit_pref way-->{{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) |({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or Blank then show-->= {{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}} }} }} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kavu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Maji</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Urban</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank1_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank2_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Mwinuko ***** --> {{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>Mwinuko{{#if:{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Idadi ya Wakazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{idadi_ya_mijini|}}}{{{idadi_ya_metro|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|}}} <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''Idadi ya wakazi''' {{#if:{{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|}}}{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|}}}{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|{{{population_as_of|}}}}}}}}}){{#if:{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi|}}}|{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi kwa ujumla {{#if:{{{aiana_ya_makazi|}}}|{{{aina_ya_makazi}}} }}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|{{{population_total|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{sq_mi_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{km2_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi wa mijini</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_urban|{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu wa mijini <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}{{{jina_la_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Jina la watu'''</td> <td><small>{{{population_demonym|{{{jina_la_watu}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_note|}}}{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{population_note|{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Kanda muda ***** --> {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}{{{timezone1|}}}{{{kanda_muda|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{kanda_muda|{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{Kanda muda|}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset|{{{utc_offset1|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC|}}}}}}}}}]]) </tr> {{#if:{{{timezone_DST|}}}{{{kanda_muda_DST|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</th> <td>{{{timezone_DST|{{{kanda_muda_dst|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset_DST|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST|}}}}}}]])</td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Msimbo wa Posta ***** --> {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{msimbo_posta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Msimbo wa posta</th> <td>{{{postal_code|{{{msimbo_posta|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kodi ya Simu ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_code|}}}{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Kodi ya simu</th> <td>{{{area_code|{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji ***** --> {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}{{{iso_namba|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>[[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|ISO namba]]</th> <td>{{{iso_code|{{{iso_namba|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!--*****Blank Fields*****--> {{#if:{{{blank_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{fomu_jina|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{blank_name|{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{fomu_jina|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank_info|{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{fomu_taarifa|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank1_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}{{{fomu_jina1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank1_name|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_jina1|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_taarifa1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank2_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec3|}}}{{{fomu_jina2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank2_name|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_jina2|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank2_info|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_taarifa2|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank3_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec4|}}}{{{fomu_jina3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank3_name|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_jina3|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank3_info|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_taarifa3|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}}} }}}} <!-- ***** Maelezo ya chini ***** --> {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{footnotes|{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Tovuti ***** --> {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{tovuti|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">[[Tovuti]]:&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{website|{{{tovuti|}}}}}} </tr> }}</table><!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- --><!-- {{esoteric}} --><!-- -->{{/hati}}<!-- --></noinclude> mfbi95atzyavkuhqqpzlarlyjcpmwdp 1238052 1238041 2022-08-02T07:37:17Z BevoLJ 53014 marejeleo_ya_eneo, Idadi ya wakazi, Kanda muda, Msimbo wa posta, Kodi ya simu wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;">'''<span class="fn org">{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}|<br><span class="nickname">{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}</span>}}'''</td> </tr> <!-- ***** Picha ya makazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}| <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;;"> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwawapicha|}}}|{{{ukubwawapicha}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_picha|Skyline ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Bendera, Nembo, Ngao na Logo***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0"> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}|1|0}}}}|2| <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small>|{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} }} </table></td></tr>}} <!-- ***** Ramani ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|}}}{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}{{{map_caption|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani1|{{{image_map1|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|{{{mapsize1|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }}}} <!--***** Ramani yenye nukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">{{superimpose |base = {{{image_dot_map|{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}}}} |base_width = {{#if:{{{dot_mapsize|}}}{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}|{{{dot_mapsize|{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}|180px}} |base_caption = {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} |float = Red pog.svg |float_width = 9px |float_caption = <!--{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}--> |x = {{{dot_x|}}} |y = {{{dot_y|}}} }} {{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}|<small>{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Ramani yenye pini ***** --> {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{ramani_pini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"> {{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|{{{ramani_pini|}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|{{{mahali_pa_jina_la_pini|}}}}}} }} | none | | {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} }} |lat = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{latNS|n}}} }} | s={{#expr:0-({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} | n={{#expr:({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} }} |long = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{longEW|e}}} }} | w={{#expr:0-({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} | e={{#expr:({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} }} |float = none |caption = |border = none |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | right }} |width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }} }} {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}|<small>{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}}}}</small>|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small> }} }} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Majiranukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{latd|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">[[Majiranukta]]: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{{coordinates_type|type:city}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kaulimbiu ***** --> {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{kaulimbiu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Kaulimbiu: {{{motto|{{{kaulimbiu|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!--***** Established *****--> {{#if:{{{established_title|}}}{{{lililowekwa|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>{{{established_title|{{{lililowekwa|}}}}}}: {{{established_date|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{established_title2|{{{jina_lililowekwa2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{established_date2|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Utawala ***** --> {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name|{{{jina_la_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type1|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name1|{{{jina_la_serikali1|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type2|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name2|{{{jina_la_serikali2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type3|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name3|{{{jina_la_serikali3|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type4|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name4|{{{jina_la_serikali4|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Serikali ***** --> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Serikali]]'''{{#if:{{{government_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}|{{{government_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Type</th> <td>{{{government_type|{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title1|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title2|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Eneo ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Eneo]]'''{{#if:{{{area_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}|{{{area_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> &nbsp;-&nbsp;Jumla</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}} }}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |<!--SN OR ELSE use unit_pref way-->{{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) |({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or Blank then show-->= {{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}} }} }} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kavu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Maji</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Urban</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank1_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank2_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Mwinuko ***** --> {{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>Mwinuko{{#if:{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Idadi ya Wakazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{idadi_ya_mijini|}}}{{{idadi_ya_metro|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|}}} <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Sensa|Idadi ya wakazi]]''' {{#if:{{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|}}}{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|}}}{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|{{{population_as_of|}}}}}}}}}){{#if:{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi|}}}|{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi kwa ujumla {{#if:{{{aiana_ya_makazi|}}}|{{{aina_ya_makazi}}} }}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|{{{population_total|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{sq_mi_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{km2_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi wa mijini</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_urban|{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu wa mijini <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}{{{jina_la_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Jina la watu'''</td> <td><small>{{{population_demonym|{{{jina_la_watu}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_note|}}}{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{population_note|{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Kanda muda ***** --> {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}{{{timezone1|}}}{{{kanda_muda|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{kanda_muda|{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{Kanda muda|}}} (UTC{{{utc_offset|{{{utc_offset1|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC|}}}}}}}}}) </tr> {{#if:{{{timezone_DST|}}}{{{kanda_muda_DST|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</th> <td>{{{timezone_DST|{{{kanda_muda_dst|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset_DST|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST|}}}}}}]])</td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Msimbo wa Posta ***** --> {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{msimbo_posta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Msimbo wa posta]]</th> <td>{{{postal_code|{{{msimbo_posta|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kodi ya Simu ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_code|}}}{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Namba za simu Tanzania|Kodi ya simu]]</th> <td>{{{area_code|{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji ***** --> {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}{{{iso_namba|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>[[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|ISO namba]]</th> <td>{{{iso_code|{{{iso_namba|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!--*****Blank Fields*****--> {{#if:{{{blank_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{fomu_jina|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{blank_name|{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{fomu_jina|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank_info|{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{fomu_taarifa|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank1_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}{{{fomu_jina1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank1_name|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_jina1|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_taarifa1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank2_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec3|}}}{{{fomu_jina2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank2_name|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_jina2|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank2_info|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_taarifa2|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank3_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec4|}}}{{{fomu_jina3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank3_name|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_jina3|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank3_info|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_taarifa3|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}}} }}}} <!-- ***** Maelezo ya chini ***** --> {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{footnotes|{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Tovuti ***** --> {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{tovuti|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">[[Tovuti]]:&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{website|{{{tovuti|}}}}}} </tr> }}</table><!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- --><!-- {{esoteric}} --><!-- -->{{/hati}}<!-- --></noinclude> 41gyct24nv55ry128otjgallhcenlgi 1238060 1238052 2022-08-02T08:13:36Z BevoLJ 53014 maelezo_serikali, maelezo_eneo, maelezo_utawala wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;">'''<span class="fn org">{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}|<br><span class="nickname">{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}</span>}}'''</td> </tr> <!-- ***** Picha ya makazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}| <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;;"> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwawapicha|}}}|{{{ukubwawapicha}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_picha|Skyline ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Bendera, Nembo, Ngao na Logo***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0"> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}|1|0}}}}|2| <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small>|{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} }} </table></td></tr>}} <!-- ***** Ramani ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|}}}{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}{{{map_caption|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani1|{{{image_map1|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|{{{mapsize1|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }}}} <!--***** Ramani yenye nukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">{{superimpose |base = {{{image_dot_map|{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}}}} |base_width = {{#if:{{{dot_mapsize|}}}{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}|{{{dot_mapsize|{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}|180px}} |base_caption = {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} |float = Red pog.svg |float_width = 9px |float_caption = <!--{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}--> |x = {{{dot_x|}}} |y = {{{dot_y|}}} }} {{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}|<small>{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Ramani yenye pini ***** --> {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{ramani_pini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"> {{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|{{{ramani_pini|}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|{{{mahali_pa_jina_la_pini|}}}}}} }} | none | | {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} }} |lat = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{latNS|n}}} }} | s={{#expr:0-({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} | n={{#expr:({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} }} |long = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{longEW|e}}} }} | w={{#expr:0-({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} | e={{#expr:({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} }} |float = none |caption = |border = none |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | right }} |width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }} }} {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}|<small>{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}}}}</small>|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small> }} }} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Majiranukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{latd|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">[[Majiranukta]]: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{{coordinates_type|type:city}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kaulimbiu ***** --> {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{kaulimbiu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Kaulimbiu: {{{motto|{{{kaulimbiu|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!--***** Established *****--> {{#if:{{{established_title|}}}{{{lililowekwa|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>{{{established_title|{{{lililowekwa|}}}}}}: {{{established_date|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{established_title2|{{{jina_lililowekwa2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{established_date2|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Utawala ***** --> {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name|{{{jina_la_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type1|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name1|{{{jina_la_serikali1|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type2|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name2|{{{jina_la_serikali2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type3|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name3|{{{jina_la_serikali3|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type4|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name4|{{{jina_la_serikali4|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{admin_note|}}}{{{maelezo_utawala|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{admin_note|{{{maelezo_utawala|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Serikali ***** --> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Serikali]]'''{{#if:{{{government_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}|{{{government_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Type</th> <td>{{{government_type|{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title1|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title2|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} }} {{#if:{{{government_note|}}}{{{maelezo_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{government_note|{{{maelezo_serikali|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Eneo ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Eneo]]'''{{#if:{{{area_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}|{{{area_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> &nbsp;-&nbsp;Jumla</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}} }}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |<!--SN OR ELSE use unit_pref way-->{{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) |({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or Blank then show-->= {{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}} }} }} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kavu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Maji</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Urban</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank1_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank2_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Mwinuko ***** --> {{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Mwinuko{{#if:{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{area_note|}}}{{{maelezo_eneo|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{area_note|{{{maelezo_eneo|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Idadi ya Wakazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{idadi_ya_mijini|}}}{{{idadi_ya_metro|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|}}} <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Sensa|Idadi ya wakazi]]''' {{#if:{{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|}}}{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|}}}{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|{{{population_as_of|}}}}}}}}}){{#if:{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi|}}}|{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi kwa ujumla {{#if:{{{aiana_ya_makazi|}}}|{{{aina_ya_makazi}}} }}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|{{{population_total|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{sq_mi_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{km2_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi wa mijini</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_urban|{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu wa mijini <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}{{{jina_la_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Jina la watu'''</td> <td>{{{population_demonym|{{{jina_la_watu}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_note|}}}{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{population_note|{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Kanda muda ***** --> {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}{{{timezone1|}}}{{{kanda_muda|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{kanda_muda|{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{Kanda muda|}}} (UTC{{{utc_offset|{{{utc_offset1|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC|}}}}}}}}}) </tr> {{#if:{{{timezone_DST|}}}{{{kanda_muda_DST|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</th> <td>{{{timezone_DST|{{{kanda_muda_dst|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset_DST|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST|}}}}}}]])</td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Msimbo wa Posta ***** --> {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{msimbo_posta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Msimbo wa posta]]</th> <td>{{{postal_code|{{{msimbo_posta|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kodi ya Simu ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_code|}}}{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Namba za simu Tanzania|Kodi ya simu]]</th> <td>{{{area_code|{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji ***** --> {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}{{{iso_namba|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>[[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|ISO namba]]</th> <td>{{{iso_code|{{{iso_namba|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!--*****Blank Fields*****--> {{#if:{{{blank_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{fomu_jina|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{blank_name|{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{fomu_jina|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank_info|{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{fomu_taarifa|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank1_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}{{{fomu_jina1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank1_name|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_jina1|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_taarifa1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank2_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec3|}}}{{{fomu_jina2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank2_name|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_jina2|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank2_info|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_taarifa2|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank3_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec4|}}}{{{fomu_jina3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank3_name|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_jina3|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank3_info|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_taarifa3|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}}} }}}} <!-- ***** Maelezo ya chini ***** --> {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{footnotes|{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Tovuti ***** --> {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{tovuti|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">[[Tovuti]]:&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{website|{{{tovuti|}}}}}} </tr> }}</table><!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- --><!-- {{esoteric}} --><!-- -->{{/hati}}<!-- --></noinclude> j0semz35py4kqfzbcrcqzjodfetacvp 1238061 1238060 2022-08-02T08:15:03Z BevoLJ 53014 - } wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em;"> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;">'''<span class="fn org">{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}</span>{{#if:{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}|<br><span class="nickname">{{{nickname|{{{jina_lingine|}}}}}}</span>}}'''</td> </tr> <!-- ***** Picha ya makazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}| <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em;;"> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_mji|}}}{{{picha_ya_makazi|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwawapicha|}}}|{{{ukubwawapicha}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_picha|Skyline ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_picha|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Bendera, Nembo, Ngao na Logo***** --> {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 0"> <table style="width:100%; background:none"> {{#ifeq:{{#expr:{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|1|0}}+{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha|}}}|1|0}}}}|2| <tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small>|{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center">{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small>}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> |{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_bendera}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_bendera}}}|100px}}|border|alt={{{flag_alt|}}}|Bendera ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{bendera_link|}}}|[[{{{bendera_link}}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Bendera ya {{PAGENAME}}|Bendera]]|{{#ifexist:Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Bendera ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Bendera]]|Bendera}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{picha_ya_nembo|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_bendera|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}> [[Picha:{{{picha_ya_nembo}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_nembo}}}|80px}}|alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|Nembo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{seal_link|}}}|[[{{{seal_link}}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Nembo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Nembo]]|{{#ifexist:Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Nembo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Nembo]]|Nembo}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}{{{image_blank_emblem| }}}| <tr>{{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|{{#if:{{{shield_size|}}}|{{{shield_size}}}|80px}}|alt={{{shield_alt|}}}|Ngao ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{shield_link|}}}|[[{{{shield_link}}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Ngao ya {{PAGENAME}}|Ngao]]|{{#ifexist:Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Ngao ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Ngao]]|Ngao}}}}}}'''</small></td>}}{{#if:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}| <td style="vertical-align:middle" align="center" {{#if:{{{picha_ya_ngao|}}}|width="50%"|colspan="2"}}>[[Picha:{{{nembo_tupu_ya_picha| }}}|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_size| }}}|100px}}|alt={{{blank_emblem_alt|}}}|Logo ya {{#if:{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}]]<br /><small>'''{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|[[{{{blank_emblem_link| }}}|{{{blank_emblem_type|Logo}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|[[Logo ya {{PAGENAME}}|Logo]]|{{#ifexist:Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|[[Logo ya {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}|Logo]]|{{#if:{{{blank_emblem_type|}}}|{{{blank_emblem_type}}}|Logo}}}}}}}}'''</small></td>}} </tr> }} }} </table></td></tr>}} <!-- ***** Ramani ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_map|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani|{{{image_map|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|}}}{{{mapsize|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani|{{{mapsize|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}{{{map_caption|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> {{#if:{{{image_map1|}}}{{{picha_ya_ramani1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">[[Picha:{{{picha_ya_ramani1|{{{image_map1|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{mapsize1|}}}|{{{ukubwa_ya_ramani1|{{{mapsize1|}}}}}}|250px}}|none|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|Mahali pa{{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}|<small>{{{maelezo_ya_ramani1|}}}{{{map_caption1|}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }}}} <!--***** Ramani yenye nukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{image_dot_map|}}}{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">{{superimpose |base = {{{image_dot_map|{{{picha_ramani_nukta|}}}}}} |base_width = {{#if:{{{dot_mapsize|}}}{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}|{{{dot_mapsize|{{{ukubwa_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}|180px}} |base_caption = {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} |float = Red pog.svg |float_width = 9px |float_caption = <!--{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}--> |x = {{{dot_x|}}} |y = {{{dot_y|}}} }} {{#if:{{{dot_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}|<small>{{{dot_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_nukta|}}}}}}</small>}} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Ramani yenye pini ***** --> {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{ramani_pini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"> {{Location map|{{{pushpin_map|{{{ramani_pini|}}}}}} |label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|{{{mahali_pa_jina_la_pini|}}}}}} }} | none | | {{{jina_rasmi|{{{name|}}}}}} }} |lat = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{latNS|n}}} }} | s={{#expr:0-({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} | n={{#expr:({{{latd}}}+{{{latm|0}}}/60+{{{lats|0}}}/3600)}} }} |long = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{longEW|e}}} }} | w={{#expr:0-({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} | e={{#expr:({{{longd}}}+{{{longm|0}}}/60+{{{longs|0}}}/3600)}} }} |float = none |caption = |border = none |position = {{#if:{{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} | right }} |width = {{#if:{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}} | 250 }} }} {{#if:{{{pushpin_map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}|<small>{{{pushpin_map_caption|{{{maelezo_ramani_pini|}}}}}}</small>|{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}|<small>{{{map_caption|{{{maelezo_ya_ramani|}}}}}}</small> }} }} </td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Majiranukta ***** --> {{#if:{{{latd|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">[[Majiranukta]]: {{Geobox coor|{{{latd|}}}|{{{latm|}}}|{{{lats|}}}|{{{latNS|}}}|{{{longd|}}}|{{{longm|}}}|{{{longs|}}}|{{{longEW|}}}|{{{coordinates_type|type:city}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kaulimbiu ***** --> {{#if:{{{motto|}}}{{{kaulimbiu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>Kaulimbiu: {{{motto|{{{kaulimbiu|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!--***** Established *****--> {{#if:{{{established_title|}}}{{{lililowekwa|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><small>{{{established_title|{{{lililowekwa|}}}}}}: {{{established_date|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{established_title2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{established_title2|{{{jina_lililowekwa2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{established_date2|{{{tarehe_iliyoanzishwa2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Utawala ***** --> {{#if:{{{subdivision_type|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name|{{{jina_la_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type1|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type1|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name1|{{{jina_la_serikali1|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type2|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type2|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name2|{{{jina_la_serikali2|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type3|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type3|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali3|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name3|{{{jina_la_serikali3|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{subdivision_type4|}}}{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{subdivision_type4|{{{ngazi_ya_serikali4|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{subdivision_name4|{{{jina_la_serikali4|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{admin_note|}}}{{{maelezo_utawala|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{admin_note|{{{maelezo_utawala|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Serikali ***** --> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Serikali]]'''{{#if:{{{government_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}|{{{government_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_serikali|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{government_type|}}}{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Type</th> <td>{{{government_type|{{{aina_ya_serikali|}}}}}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name|{{{jina_la_kiongozi|}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{leader_party|}}}|({{Polparty|{{{subdivision_name}}}|{{{leader_party}}}}})}}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title1|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi1|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name1|{{{jina_la_kiongozi1|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}}{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;{{{leader_title2|{{{cheo_cha_kiongozi2|}}}}}} <td>{{#ifexist: {{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}|[[{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}]]|{{{leader_name2|{{{jina_la_kiongozi2|}}}}}}}} </td> </tr>}} }} {{#if:{{{government_note|}}}{{{maelezo_serikali|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{government_note|{{{maelezo_serikali|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Eneo ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Eneo]]'''{{#if:{{{area_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}|{{{area_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_eneo|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> &nbsp;-&nbsp;Jumla</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}} }}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total|}}}{{{area_total_km2|}}}{{{eneo_jumla|}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) ({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |<!--SN OR ELSE use unit_pref way-->{{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_total_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) |({{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_total_sq_mi|{{{TotalArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}}) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or Blank then show-->= {{#if:{{{area_magnitude|}}}|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[{{{area_magnitude}}}_m²|km²]]|{{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}}|{{{area_total_km2|{{{area_total|{{{eneo_jumla|}}}}}}}}} }} }} [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]}} }} }} </td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kavu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_land|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}|{{{area_land_km2|{{{area_land|{{{eneo_la_nchi_kavu|}}}}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_land_sq_mi|{{{LandArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Maji</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_water|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}|{{{area_water_km2|{{{area_water|{{{eneo_la_maji|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{area_water_sq_mi|{{{WaterArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]]&nbsp; }} {{#if:{{{area_water_percent|}}}| &nbsp;{{{area_water_percent}}}%}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_urban_km2|}}}{{{area_urban|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Urban</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_urban|}}}{{{area_urban_km2|}}}|{{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_urban_sq_mi|{{{UrbanArea_sq_mi|}}} }}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_urban_km2|{{{area_urban|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_metro_km2|}}}{{{area_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_metro|}}}{{{area_metro_km2|}}}|{{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_metro_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_metro_sq_mi|{{{MetroArea_sq_mi|}}}}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_metro_km2|{{{area_metro|}}}}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}{{{area_blank1_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank1_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank1_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} {{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}{{{area_blank2_title|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{area_blank2_title}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{area_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{area_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{area_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{area_blank2_km2}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi}})}} }}</td> </tr>}} }} <!-- ***** Mwinuko ***** --> {{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{elevation_ft|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Mwinuko{{#if:{{{elevation_footnotes|}}}{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_footnotes|{{{marejeleo_ya_mwinuko|}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{elevation|}}}{{{elevation_m|}}}{{{mwinuko|}}}|{{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{elevation_ft}}} * 0.305 round 1}} }} }}&nbsp;[[metre|m]]&nbsp;({{#if:{{{elevation_ft|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{elevation_ft}}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{elevation_m|{{{elevation|{{{mwinuko|}}}}}} }}} div 0.305 round 1}} }}&nbsp;[[Futi|ft]]}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{area_note|}}}{{{maelezo_eneo|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{area_note|{{{maelezo_eneo|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Idadi ya Wakazi ***** --> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}{{{idadi_ya_mijini|}}}{{{idadi_ya_metro|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|}}} <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2">'''[[Sensa|Idadi ya wakazi]]''' {{#if:{{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|}}}{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|}}}{{{population_as_of|}}}|({{{idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa|{{{idadi_wakazi_mwaka|{{{population_as_of|}}}}}}}}}){{#if:{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi|}}}|{{{marejeo_ya_wakazi}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|}}}{{{population_total|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi kwa ujumla {{#if:{{{aiana_ya_makazi|}}}|{{{aina_ya_makazi}}} }}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{wakazi_kwa_ujumla|{{{population_total|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{sq_mi_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{km2_density_ya_wakazi|}}}{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}|{{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_sq_mi|{{{population_density_mi2|}}}}}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_km2|{{{population_density|{{{mtawanyiko_wa_watu|}}}}}} }}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_urban|}}}{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Wakazi wa mijini</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_urban|{{{wakazi_wa_mijini|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Mtawanyiko wa watu wa mijini <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->&nbsp;{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_urban_km2|}}}{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}|{{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_urban_sq_mi|{{{population_density_urban_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_urban_km2|{{{mtawanyiko_watu_mijini|}}}}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_metro|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_metro}}}}}</td> </tr> }}{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- Metro Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_metro_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_metro_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}}{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|}}}|<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_metro_sq_mi|{{{population_density_metro_mi2|}}} }}}}}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_metro_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank1|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi1|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank1|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi1|}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_blank2|}}}{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|{{{jina_la_fomu_wakazi2|}}}}}}</th> <td>{{formatnum:{{{population_blank2|{{{fomu_idadi_wakazi2}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank1_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank1_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank1_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank1_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>&nbsp;- {{{population_blank2_title|}}} Density</th> <td>{{#switch:{{{subdivision_name|}}}|[[United States]]|[[United Kingdom]]|United States|United Kingdom|[[United States of America]]|United States of America|[[United States|United States of America]]= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |<!--IF NOT SN Then use unit pref method--> {{#switch:{{{unit_pref|}}}|Imperial|English|UK|US|U.S.|US Customary|U.S. Customary|Standard|imperial|English= {{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) |<!--OR ELSE-->{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp;({{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²) }} |Metric|SI|<!--If unit pref Metric or BLANK--then show-->= {{formatnum:{{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_km2|}}}|{{{population_density_blank2_km2}}}|{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} div 2.589988110336 round 1}} }} }}/km²&nbsp;({{#if:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi|}}} |<!--THEN-->{{formatnum:{{{population_density_blank2_sq_mi}}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi|{{formatnum:{{#expr: {{{population_density_blank2_km2}}} * 2.589988110336 round 1}} }}/sq&nbsp;mi}}) }} }}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_demonym|}}}{{{jina_la_watu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Jina la watu'''</td> <td>{{{population_demonym|{{{jina_la_watu}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} {{#if:{{{population_note|}}}{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{population_note|{{{maelezo_idadi_wakazi|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Kanda muda ***** --> {{#if:{{{timezone|}}}{{{timezone1|}}}{{{kanda_muda|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{kanda_muda|{{{timezone1|{{{timezone|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{Kanda muda|}}} (UTC{{{utc_offset|{{{utc_offset1|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC|}}}}}}}}}) </tr> {{#if:{{{timezone_DST|}}}{{{kanda_muda_DST|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">&nbsp;-&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</th> <td>{{{timezone_DST|{{{kanda_muda_dst|}}}}}} ([[UTC{{{utc_offset_DST|{{{tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST|}}}}}}]])</td> </tr> }} }} <!-- ***** Msimbo wa Posta ***** --> {{#if:{{{postal_code|}}}{{{msimbo_posta|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Msimbo wa posta]]</th> <td>{{{postal_code|{{{msimbo_posta|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Kodi ya Simu ***** --> {{#if:{{{area_code|}}}{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>[[Namba za simu Tanzania|Kodi ya simu]]</th> <td>{{{area_code|{{{kodi_ya_simu|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji ***** --> {{#if:{{{iso_code|}}}{{{iso_namba|}}}| <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th>[[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|ISO namba]]</th> <td>{{{iso_code|{{{iso_namba|}}}}}}</td> </tr> }} <!--*****Blank Fields*****--> {{#if:{{{blank_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec1|}}}{{{fomu_jina|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>{{{blank_name|{{{blank_name_sec1|{{{fomu_jina|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank_info|{{{blank_info_sec1|{{{fomu_taarifa|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank1_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec2|}}}{{{fomu_jina1|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank1_name|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_jina1|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank1_info|{{{blank_name_sec2|{{{fomu_taarifa1|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank2_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec3|}}}{{{fomu_jina2|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank2_name|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_jina2|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank2_info|{{{blank_name_sec3|{{{fomu_taarifa2|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> {{#if:{{{blank3_name|}}}{{{blank_name_sec4|}}}{{{fomu_jina3|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>{{{blank3_name|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_jina3|}}}}}}}}}</th> <td>{{{blank3_info|{{{blank_name_sec4|{{{fomu_taarifa3|}}}}}}}}}</td> </tr> }}}} }}}} <!-- ***** Maelezo ya chini ***** --> {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}| <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><small>{{{footnotes|{{{maelezo_ya_chini|}}}}}}</small></td> </tr> }} <!-- ***** Tovuti ***** --> {{#if:{{{website|}}}{{{tovuti|}}}| <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2" align="center">[[Tovuti]]:&nbsp;&nbsp;{{{website|{{{tovuti|}}}}}} </tr> }}</table><!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude><!-- --><!-- {{esoteric}} --><!-- -->{{/hati}}<!-- --></noinclude> gdpyrz6y7dqfbal59ke2vlaf7yg6r3y Julián Gil 0 84640 1237867 1141320 2022-08-01T13:47:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Julián Gil | picha = Julian Gil en Israel 2015.jpg | ukubwa wa picha = 250px | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Imanol Julián Elías Gil Beltrán | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date|1970|06|13}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Buenos Aires]] [[Argentina]] | tarehe ya kufa = | mahala alipofia = | kazi yake = Mwigizaji | Miaka ya kazi = 1992– hadi leo | ndoa = | tovuti = http://www.juliangil.tv }} '''Julián Gil''' (jina halisi: Imanol Julián Elías Gil Beltrán, [[13 Juni]] [[1970]]) ni mwigizaji wa filamu wa Argentina. == Filamu == * ''Marina'' (2001) (Muvi Film) kama John (Video) * ''Más allá del limite'' (2002) (Erick Hernández) * ''[[La caja de problemas]]'' (2004) (David Aponte) * ''[[Fuego en el alma]]'' (2005) (Abdiel Colberg) kama Millo * ''El milagro de la Virgen de Coromoto'' (2006) (Film Factory) kama Jaime * ''Historias Delirantes'' (2008) * ''Entre piernas'' (2010) kama Paco * ''[[Lotoman (série de films)|Lotoman 003]]'' (2014) kama El Boricua * ''Misterio's: Llamas de sueños'' (2014) kama Leonardo Aguilar * ''Loki 7'' (2016) kama Rodrigo == Telenovelas == * ''Tres amigas'' (2000) * ''[[Mi conciencia y yo]]'' (2000) (Riverside) kama Alfonso * ''[[Por todo lo alto]]'' (2006) ([[RCTV]]) kama Halcón * ''[[Acorralada]]'' (2007) (Venevisión Producción) kama Francisco Suárez « Pancholón » * ''[[Isla Paraíso]]'' (2007) (Venevisión Producción) kama Armando * ''[[Mi adorada Malena]]'' (2007) kama Mateo * ''[[Valeria (telenovela)|Valeria]]'' (2008) (Venevisión Producción) kama Daniel Ferrari * ''[[Amor comprado]]'' (2008) (Venevisión Producción) kama Esteban Rondero * ''[[Los Barriga]]'' (2009) (Frecuencia Latina) kama Francesco Cezanne * ''[[Sortilegio]]'' (2009) (Televisa) kama Ulises Villaseñor * ''[[Valientes]]'' (2010) kama Leonardo Soto * ''[[Eva Luna]]'' (2010-2011) (Univisión) kama Leonardo « Leo » Arismendi * ''[[La que no podía amar]]'' (2011-2012) (Televisa) kama Bruno Rey * ''[[¿Quién eres tú?]]'' (2012-2013) (RTI Producción) kama Felipe Esquivel * ''[[Rosario (telenovela)|Rosario]]'' (2012-2013) * ''[[Los secretos de Lucía]]'' (2013) (Venevisión) kama Robert Neville * ''[[Hasta el fin del mundo]]'' (2014-2015) (Televisa) kama Patricio Iturbide * ''[[Sueño de amor]]'' (2016) (Televisa) kama Ernesto de la Colina * ''[[Por amar sin ley]]'' (2018) (Televisa) kama Carlos Ibarra == Tamthilia == * ''La abeja reina'' (1995) * ''Por el medio si no hay remedio'' (1999) * ''Nueve semanas y media'' (2000) * ''Sexo, pudor y lagrimas'' (2000) * ''En pelotas'' (2001) kama Papito * ''Los gallos salvajes'' (2002) kama Luciano Miranda Jr * ''El cotorrito by the sea'' (2002) * ''Luminaria'' (2003) kama Franz * ''Tarzan - Salvemos la selva'' (2003) kama Tarzan * ''El mal mundo'' (2004) * ''La princesa en el lago de los cisnes'' (2004) * ''El crimen del Padre Amaro'' (2005) kama Padre Amaro Viera * ''Descarados'' (2007) * ''Los hombres aman a las cabronas'' (2008) kama Jorge * ''Sortilegio El Show'' (2010) kama Ulises Villaseñor * ''Aquel Tiempo de Campeones'' (2013) kama Phil Romano * ''[[Divorciémonos mi amor (théâtre)|Divorciémonos mi amor]]'' (2015) kama Benigna " Benny" == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo Vya Nje == * [http://www.juliangil.tv Tovuti Rasmi ya Julián Gil] {{Wayback|url=http://www.juliangil.tv/ |date=20201101051353 }} * {{IMDb name|name=Julián Gil|id=1101708}} * [http://espectaculos.televisa.com/famosos/biografias/820269/julian-gil/ Julián Gil] Katika Televisa.com * {{twitter|juliangil}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gil, Julián}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Telenovelas]] [[Jamii:Tamthilia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] lo3qmjrcbecyw06ysr29phnwj7qxdj9 Charles I wa Uingereza 0 90531 1237836 1073532 2022-08-01T13:12:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:King Charles I after original by van Dyck.jpg|thumb|Charles I alivyochorwa na [[Anthony van Dyck]], [[1636]]]] '''Charles I''' ([[19 Novemba]] [[1600]] – [[30 Januari]] [[1649]]<ref>All dates in this article are in the [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]] [[Julian calendar]] used in Britain throughout Charles's lifetime; however, years are assumed to start on 1 January rather than 25 March, which was the English New Year.</ref>) alikuwa mfalme wa [[Uingereza]], [[Uskoti]] na [[Ireland]] kuanzia tarehe [[27 Machi]] [[1625]] hadi alipouawa. Alishindana na [[bunge]] lililotaka kupunguza [[mamlaka]] yake, ambayo mwenyewe alifikiri alipewa na [[Mungu]] na anaweza kuitumia kadiri ya [[dhamiri]] yake. Alizidi kuchukiwa kwa kuongeza [[kodi]] bila kibali cha bunge, kwa [[Ndoa|kuoa]] [[mwanamke]] [[Mkatoliki]]<ref>Mpaka leo mfalme wa Uingereza haruhusiwi kuwa na [[mke]] Mkatoliki</ref> na kwa kuunga mkono [[wakleri]] wenye mwelekeo wa Kikatoliki kama vile [[Richard Montagu]] na [[William Laud]], pamoja na kujaribu kulazimisha [[Kanisa la Uskoti]] kufuata taratibu za lile la [[Anglikana]]. Hatimaye vita vilizuka dhidi yake, kwanza [[vita vya Maaskofu]], halafu tangu mwaka [[1642]] Charles alipigana na mabunge ya Uingereza na Uskoti katika [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]]. Aliposhindwa na kusalimu amri mwaka [[1645]], alikataa sharti la kukubali [[ufalme wa kikatiba]]. Kisha kutoroka mnamo Novemba [[1647]] alifungwa tena katika [[kisiwa cha Wight]]. Hatimaye, chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Oliver Cromwell]], mnamo Januari 1649 alihukumiwa kuwa [[msaliti]] na kupewa [[adhabu ya kifo]]<ref>Ten days after Charles's execution, on the day of his interment, a memoir purporting to be written by the king appeared for sale. This book, the ''[[Eikon Basilike]]'' (Greek for the "Royal Portrait"), contained an ''apologia'' for royal policies, and it proved an effective piece of royalist propaganda. [[John Milton]] wrote a Parliamentary rejoinder, the ''[[Eikonoklastes]]'' ("The Iconoclast"), but the response made little headway against the pathos of the royalist book.{{harvnb|Gregg|1981|p=445}}; {{harvnb|Robertson|2005|pp=208–209}}.</ref>. Ufalme ulifutwa ikatangazwa [[jamhuri]] ([[Commonwealth of England]]). Baadaye (1660) ufalme ulirudishwa chini ya mwanae, [[Charles II wa Uingereza]] . Baadhi ya Waanglikana walimuona kama [[mfiadini]] na mwaka 1660 walimuingiza katika [[kalenda ya watakatifu]] kwa jina la "Mfalme Charles Mfiadini". ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|30em}} * {{Citation |last=Adamson |first=John |year=2007 |title=The Noble Revolt |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-297-84262-0}} * {{Citation |last=Ashmole |first=Elias |authorlink=Elias Ashmole |year=1715 |title=The History of the Most Noble Order of the Garter |location=London |publisher=Bell, Taylor, Baker, and Collins}} * {{Citation |last=Carlton |first=Charles |year=1995 |title=Charles I: The Personal Monarch |edition=Second |location=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12141-8}} * {{Citation |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |authorlink1=George Edward Cokayne |last2=Gibbs |first2=Vicary |authorlink2=Vicary Gibbs (St Albans MP) |last3=Doubleday |first3=Arthur |year=1913 |title=[[The Complete Peerage]] |volume=III |location=London |publisher=St Catherine Press}} * {{Citation |last=Coward |first=Barry |authorlink=Barry Coward|year=2003 |title=The Stuart Age|edition=Third |location=London |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-77251-9}} * {{Citation |last=Cust |first=Richard |year=2005 |title=Charles I: A Political Life |location=Harlow|publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=0-582-07034-1}} * {{Citation |last=Donaghan |first=Barbara |year=1995 |title=Halcyon Days and the Literature of the War: England's Military Education before 1642 |journal=Past and Present |volume=147 |pages=65–100 |jstor=651040 |doi=10.1093/past/147.1.65}} * {{Citation |last=Edwards |first=Graham |year=1999 |title=The Last Days of Charles I |publisher=Sutton Publishing |location=Stroud |isbn=0-7509-2079-3}} * {{Citation |last=Gardiner |first=Samuel Rawson|authorlink=Samuel Rawson Gardiner |year=1906 |title=The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution 1625–1660 |edition=Third |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13527275M/The_constitutional_documents_of_the_Puritan_revolution_1625-1660}} * {{Citation |last=Gillespie |first=Raymond |title=Seventeenth Century Ireland |edition=Third |location=Dublin |publisher=Gill & McMillon |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7171-3946-0}} * {{Citation |last=Gregg |first=Pauline |authorlink=Pauline Gregg |year=1981 |title=King Charles I |location=London |publisher=Dent |isbn=0-460-04437-0}} * {{Citation |last=Hibbert |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Hibbert |year=1968 |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |title=Charles I}} * {{Citation |last=Higgins |first=Charlotte |authorlink=Charlotte Higgins|date=24 November 2009 |title=Delaroche masterpiece feared lost in war to go on show at National Gallery |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/nov/24/delaroche-painting-national-gallery |accessdate=22 October 2013}} * {{Citation |last=Holmes |first=Clive |title=Why was Charles I Executed? |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |location=London & New York |year=2006 |isbn=1-85285-282-8}} * {{Citation |last=Howat |first=G. 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M.|authorlink=G. M. Trevelyan |title=England under the Stuarts |edition=Tenth|location=London |publisher=Putnam |year=1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/englandunderstu00trevgoog}} * {{citation |last=Wallis |first=John Eyre Winstanley |year=1921 |title=English Regnal Years and Titles: Hand-lists, Easter dates, etc |publisher=Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge |location=London |url=https://archive.org/stream/englishregalyear00wall}} * {{Citation |last=Weir |first=Alison |authorlink=Alison Weir |year=1996 |title=Britain's Royal Families: A Complete Genealogy |edition=Revised |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |isbn=978-0-7126-7448-5}} * {{Citation |last=Young |first=Michael B. |year=1997 |title=Charles I|publisher=Macmillan |location=Basingstoke |isbn=0-333-60135-1}} ==Marejeo mengine== * {{Citation|last=Ashley |first=Maurice |authorlink=Maurice Ashley (historian) |title=Charles I and Cromwell |publisher=Methuen|location=London |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-413-16270-0}} * Gardiner, Samuel Rawson (1882), ''The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles I, 1637–1649'': [https://archive.org/details/fallmonarchycha02gardgoog Volume I (1637–1640)]; [https://archive.org/details/fallmonarchycha00gardgoog Volume II (1640–1642)] * {{Citation|last=Hibbard|first=Caroline M.|year=1983|title=Charles I and the Popish Plot|location=Chapel Hill|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=0-8078-1520-9}} * {{Citation|last=Kishlansky |first=Mark A.|authorlink=Mark Kishlansky |year=2005 |title=Charles I: A Case of Mistaken Identity|journal=Past and Present|volume=189|issue=1|pages=41–80 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gti027}} * {{Citation|editor-last=Lockyer |editor-first=Roger|editor-link=Roger Lockyer|year=1959 |title=The Trial of Charles I|location=London|publisher=Folio Society|mode=cs2}} * {{Citation|last=Reeve |first=L. J.|title=Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-521-52133-5}} * {{Citation|last=Wedgwood |first=Cicely Veronica |authorlink=Veronica Wedgwood|title=The Great Rebellion: The King's Peace, 1637–1641 |publisher=Collins|location=London |year=1955}} * {{Citation|last=Wedgwood|first=Cicely Veronica |title=The Great Rebellion: The King's War, 1641–1647|location= London |publisher=Collins |year=1958}} * {{Citation|last=Wedgwood|first=Cicely Veronica|title=A Coffin for King Charles: The Trial and Execution of Charles I |location= London |publisher=Macmillan |year=1964}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category}} * [https://www.royal.uk/charles-i-r-1625-1649 Official website of the British monarchy] * [http://www.skcm.org The Society of King Charles the Martyr] * [http://www.skcm-usa.org The Society of King Charles the Martyr (United States)] * {{Gutenberg author | id=Charles+I,+King+of+England | name=Charles I, King of England}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Charles I Uingereza}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1600]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1649]] [[Category:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] [[Category:Wafalme na malkia wa Uskoti]] [[Jamii:Waanglikana]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uingereza]] 88b33zn3ad1mx8p9qukg9vqprcoq81p Petrus Plancius 0 91901 1237831 1060759 2022-08-01T13:05:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Petrusplancius.gif|thumb|200px|Petrus Plancius. J. Buys/Rein. Vinkeles (1791).]] '''Petrus Plancius''' ([[1552]] – [[15 Mei]] [[1622]]) alikuwa [[mwanatheolojia]], [[mchungaji]] wa [[Kanisa]] [[wakalvini|la Kireformed]], [[mwanaastronomia]] na [[mchoraji]] wa [[ramani]] kutoka [[Flandria]] aliyeishi miaka mingi huko [[Uholanzi]]. Tangu mwaka [[1589]] alianza kuchora ramani za [[nyota]] ambako aliingiza mara ya kwanza [[kundinyota]] nyingi za [[nusutufe ya kusini]] zilizoanza kujulikana [[Ulaya]] baada ya [[Baharia|mabaharia]] wa Ulaya kuzunguka [[dunia]] yote. Hapo alichora mara ya kwanza [[Salibu]], [[Pembetatu ya Kusini (kundinyota)|Pembetatu ya Kusini]] na [[Mawingu ya Magellan]]. Mwaka [[1595]] Plancius alimwomba [[nahodha]] Mholanzi [[Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser]] kukusanya vipimo vya nyota za kusini zisizopimwa bado, akazipanga katika makundinyota mapya 12 na hizi zilikuwa [[Nzi (kundinyota)|Nzi]] (Musca), [[Ndege wa Peponi (kundinyota)|Ndege wa Peponi]] (Apus), [[Kinyonga (kundinyota)|Kinyonga]] (Chamaeleon), [[Panji (kundinyota)|Panji]] (Dorado), [[Kuruki (kundinyota)|Kuruki]] (Grus), [[Nyoka Maji (kundinyota)|Nyoka Maji]] (Hydrus), [[Mhindi (kundinyota)|Mhindi]] (Indus), [[Tausi (kundinyota)|Tausi]] (Pavo), [[Zoraki (kundinyota)|Zoraki]] (Phoenix), [[Pembetatu ya Kusini (kundinyota)|Pembetatu ya Kusini]] (Triangulum Australe), [[Tukani (kundinyota)|Tukani]] (Tucana) na [[Panzimaji (kundinyota)|Panzimaji]] (Volans) akaziweka zote katika [[globus]] yake ya nyota. Mwaka [[1612]] aliongeza makundinyota [[mawili]] kwenye [[nusutufe ya kaskazini]] akipanga humo nyota ambazo hazikuwa bado sehemu ya makundinyota yalizojulikana. Nayo ni [[Twiga (kundinyota)|Twiga]] (Camelopardalis) karibu na [[ncha ya anga]] ya [[kaskazini]] na [[Munukero (kundinyota)|Munukero]] (Monoceros) kwenye [[ikweta ya anga]]. Baadaye makundinyota yake yalipokewa vile na [[Johann Bayer]] katika orodha yake na kutumiwa hadi leo katika orodha ya [[Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Astronomia]]. ===Ramani=== <gallery> Image:1590 Orbis Terrarum Plancius.jpg|Orbis Terrarum 1590 Image:1594 Orbis Plancius 2,12 MB.jpg|Orbis Terrarum 1594 Image:1592 4 Nova Doetecum mr.jpg|Nova Francia .. Terra Nova 1592 Image:1592 Insullae Moluc. Plancius.jpg|Insulae Moluccae 1592 </gallery> ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/startales1c.htm Star Tales] – the constellations of Petrus Plancius * [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=10648+Plancius Minor planet 10648 Plancius] {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{wikinyota}} [[Jamii:Kundinyota]] [[Category:waliozaliwa 1552]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1622]] [[Category:Wanaastronomia wa Ubelgiji]] [[Category:Wachungaji wa Ubelgiji]] [[Category:Wanaastronomia wa Uholanzi]] [[Category:Wachungaji wa Uholanzi]] 8gofksqz9lzbzt6rwl48ov7stlnikrv Et L'Empire Bakuba – Untitled 0 97148 1238030 1026249 2022-08-02T07:12:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Album | Jina = Untitled | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Pepe Kalle]] | Cover = PepeKalleUntitledCover.jpg | Imetolewa = 1982 | Imerekodiwa = 1981-1982 | Aina = [[Soukous]] | Urefu = | Studio = Editions Veve International | Mtayarishaji = | Review = | Albamu iliyopita = | Albamu ya sasa = "{{PAGENAME}}"<br>(1982) | Albamu ijayo = "[[Bitoto]]"<br>(1985) | Misc = }} '''Et l'Empire Bakuba''' (albamu hii haina jina) ni albamu iliyotoka mwaka 1982 kutoka kwa msanii wa muziki wa soukous kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Pepe Kalle]]. Albamu ina nyimbo nne tu, upande A 2 na upande B 2. ==Orodha ya nyimbo== Zifuatazo ni orodha kamili ya nyimbo zinapatikana katika albamu hii. *A1 - Kunda Ebembe *A2 - Tabu *B1 - Bimansha *B2 - Kiwaka ==Viungo vya Nje== *[https://www.discogs.com/P%C3%A9p%C3%A9-Kall%C3%A9-Et-LEmpire-Bakuba-Untitled/release/8819341 {{PAGENAME}}] katika wavuti ya Discogs. [[Jamii:Albamu za 1982]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Pepe Kalle]] 6a9qkixb6shl93akacnhyakxg57bf4p SaRaha 0 101057 1237864 1145338 2022-08-01T13:44:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu Mashuhuri |jina = Sara Larsson |picha = Sara Saraha Larsson By Daniel Åhs Karlsson.jpg |caption = SaRaha akiwa ''Sommarkrysset'' mwaka 2016 |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 1983 juni 26 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Vänersborg]], [[Sweden]] |majina_mengine = SaRaha |anajulikana_kwa_ajili_ya = |kazi_yake = {{hlist|Muimbaji|mtunzi wa nyimbo}} |nchi = [[Uswidi]] }} '''Sara Larsson''' (alizaliwa 26 Juni [[1983]]), anajulikana kwa jina la kisanii la '''SaRaha''' ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo za ki[[Sweden]]-[[Tanzania]]. Alianza kutambulika Swedeni mwaka 2016 katika tamasha la Melodifestivalen. ==Maisha na Kazi== Larsson alizaliwa tarehe 26 Juni 1983 katika mji wa [[Vänersborg]], Swedeni. Mwaka 1985 yeye na familia yake walihamia nchini [[Tanzania]]. Alipotimiza miaka 18 alihamia [[Zimbabwe]] na ndipo alipoanzia kazi yake ya kimuziki, alifanya muziki na bendi nyingi za Zimbambwe katika mji wa [[Harare]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About |url=http://www.sarahamusic.com/about.html |website=SaRaha - Official Homepage |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222093137/http://www.sarahamusic.com/about.html |archivedate=2016-02-22 |df= }}</ref>. Alirudi Tanzania mwaka 2009. Mwaka 2011, alitoa wimbo uliomfanya atambulike sana Tanzania ulitambulika kwa jina la ''Tanesco''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kunskapsforbundet.se/magnus-abergsgymnasiet/sara-larsson-larare-sverige-och-popstjarna-afrika/|title=Sara är lärare – och popstjärna i Afrika|publisher=kunskapsförbundet|date=2014-09-24}}</ref>. Baadae aliachia wimbo wa ''My Dear'', na kutoa album yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa '''Mblele Kiza''' mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://akatasia.com/articles/new-music-mbele-kiza-by-saraha-afrobeats-bongoflava/ |title=Akatasia |accessdate=2018-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105111535/http://akatasia.com/articles/new-music-mbele-kiza-by-saraha-afrobeats-bongoflava/ |archivedate=2016-01-05 }}</ref> Wimbo wa "Mblele Kiza" ulipendwa pia nchini Swedeni. SaRaha alishiriki tamasha la [[Melodifestivalen 2016]] kwa wimbo wa "Kizunguzungu", na kushinda kwenda kwenye nusu fainali ya raundi ya tatu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svt.se/melodifestivalen/artister/2016/saraha-kizunguzungu |title=Melodifestivalen 2016: SaRaha Kizunguzungu |publisher=SVT |website=svt.se |accessdate=2015-12-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105165101/http://www.svt.se/melodifestivalen/artister/2016/saraha-kizunguzungu |archivedate=2016-01-05 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = SaRaha debuterar i Melodifestivalen - P4 Väst|url = http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=125&artikel=6314321|accessdate = 2016-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Escudero|first1=Victor M.|title=Sweden: third semi-final results|url=http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=sweden_third_semi-final_results|website=eurovision.tv|publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union]]|accessdate=20 February 2016|date=20 February 2016}}</ref> Fainali alishinda kwa ujumla wa wote walioshiriki kwa nafasi ya tisa na nafasi ya saba katika jamii ya Swedeni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=frans_wins_melodifestivalen_in_sweden|title=Frans wins Melodifestivalen in Sweden|publisher=EBU|last=Escudero|first=Victor M.|date=12 March 2016}}</ref> ==Nyimbo== ===Albamu=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Maelezo ! scope="col"| Nafasi ya juu ya chati |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]] |- ! scope="row"| ''Mblele Kiza'' | * ilitolewa: 10 April 2014 * Lebo : [[Spinnup]] * Formati : [[Music download|Digital download]] | — |} ===Singo=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="1"| Nafasi ya chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[List of music recording certifications|Vyeti]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br><ref name="swe">{{cite web | url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Saraha | title=SaRaha discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=''swedishcharts.com'' |accessdate=27 February 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Tanesco" | 2011 | — | | rowspan="5" | ''Mblele Kiza'' |- ! scope="row"| "Jambazi" | rowspan="2" | 2012 | — | |- ! scope="row"| "There Is You" | — | |- ! scope="row"| "Mblele Kiza" | rowspan="2" | 2013 | — | |- ! scope="row"| "Unieleze"<br><small>(SaRaha featuring Linex)</small> | — | |- ! scope="row"| "Dadido"<br><small>(SaRaha featuring Big Jahman)</small> | rowspan="3" | 2014 | — | | rowspan="4" {{n/a|Singo zisizo na Albamu}} |- ! scope="row"| "Shemeji" | — | |- ! scope="row"| "Kila Ndoto"<br><small>(SaRaha featuring Marlaw)</small> | — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[Kizunguzungu]]" | 2016 | 2 | * [[Swedish Recording Industry Association|GLF]]: 2x Platinum |- | colspan="10" style="font-size:85%"| "—" denotes a single that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |- |} ====Singo alizoshirikishwa==== *"My Dear" (Akil feat. SaRaha) (2011) *"Fei" (Fid Q feat. SaRaha) (2011) *"Don't Cry" (Makamua feat. SaRaha) (2012) *"Usiku wa giza" (Nako 2 Nako feat. SaRaha) (2012) *"Siongopi" (Joh Makini feat. SaRaha) (2012) *"Mazoea" (Big Jahman feat. SaRaha & Nura) (2012) *"Dream" (Hustler Jay feat. SaRaha) (2013) *"Ghetto Love" (Magenge ft. SaRaha) (2013) *"Chips Mayai" (Q Chilla feat. SaRaha) (2013) *"Habibty" (Akil feat. SaRaha) (2014) *"Tuongee" (Makamua feat. SaRaha) (2015) ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://mistariyetu.com/wasanii/saraha/ SaRaha - MistariYetu] {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia Editathon 2018]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] 2cqf5sdxvj6061ye77ih063ccdv0qjs Mtumiaji:Invioleta 2 104627 1237848 1055890 2022-08-01T13:28:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''invioleta mwakiwone'''' kitaaluma ni mhasibu alipata shahada ya kwanza kutoka chuo kikuu cha dar es salaam na amewahi kujitolea katika tasisi mbalimbali ikiwemo Tai tanzania na Soma book cafe pia anajishughulisha na ujasiriamali mdogomdogo na kushiriki katika maonyesho ya biashara kama jukwaa la wanawake dar es salaam. <nowiki>[[category:wafanyabiashara wadogo tz]]</nowiki> ryhteg8uhmer7fhub6qasw1soma5w6j Ushoga 0 119452 1238145 1234014 2022-08-02T11:55:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Mtazamo upande wa afya na elimunafsia */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acceptance of Homosexuality Worldwide (Pew Research Poll 2019-20).svg|thumb|right|Utafiti wa mwaka 2019 (Pew Global Research Poll): Asilimia ya wakazi wanaokubali ushoga uwe halali katika jamii: {{legend|#a50026|0-10%}} {{legend|#d73027|11-20%}} {{legend|#f46d43|21-30%}} {{legend|#fdae61|31-40%}} {{legend|#fee090|41-50%}} {{legend|#e0f3f8|51-60%}} {{legend|#abd9e9|61-70%}} {{legend|#74add1|71-80%}} {{legend|#4575b4|81-90%}} {{legend|#313695|91-100%}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|Hakuna taarifa}}]] '''Ushoga''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: “homosexuality”) ni mwelekeo wa kimapenzi unaokwenda tofauti na kawaida inayofanya [[mwanamume]] na [[mwanamke]] kupendana na kuzaliana katika [[familia]]. [[Jinsia]] hizo mbili zinalenga kukamilishana katika [[ndoa]] kwa kupendana na kuzaliana. Kadiri ya [[Biblia]], [[Mungu]] baada ya kumuumba [[Adamu]] alisema, “Si vema mtu awe peke yake. Nitamfanyia msaidizi wa kufanana naye” (Mwa 2:18). [[Umbile]] la [[mwanamume]] linaelekea kukamilishana na lile la [[mwanamke]] kiroho na kimwili. Lakini [[roho]] haionekani, hivyo ni rahisi zaidi kuona jinsi miili yao inavyofaa kuungana iwe [[mwili]] mmoja. Hata hivyo tuelewe mkamilishano huo unafanyika katika [[nafsi]] pia, ambazo zina [[vipawa]] tofauti vinavyowezesha kwa pamoja kukabili vizuri [[maisha]] ya nyumbani, ya [[uchumi]], ya [[siasa]], ya [[dini]] n.k. Mwelekeo wa kimapenzi humaanisha muundo wa kudumu wa kimhemko, kimahaba, na/au mivuto ya kimapenzi kwa [[jinsia]] fulani. Mwelekeo wa kimapenzi kwa kawaida humfanya mtu kupenda jinsia tofauti na ya kwake (kuwa na mvuto kwa wahusika wa jinsia nyingine), jambo ambalo linawezesha [[uzazi]] kadiri ya [[maumbile]]. Hata hivyo kuna mashoga/wasagaji (mwanamume anayevutiwa na wanaume/mwanamke anayevutiwa na wanawake), na watu wanaopenda jinsia zote mbili (mwanamume au mwanamke anayevutiwa na jinsia zote mbili; kwa Kiingereza: “bisexual”), mbali na wale wasio na mwelekeo wowote wala kusikia mvuto wowote wa namna hiyo (kwa Kiingereza: “asexuals”). Mwelekeo ukifuatwa unageuka [[tabia]]. ==Chanzo chake== Vivutio vya msingi ambavyo huunda mwelekeo wa kimapenzi wa watu wazima kwa kawaida huibuka katikati ya [[utoto]] na [[ubalehe]]. Hakuna makubaliano kati ya [[wanasayansi]] juu ya sababu halisi ambazo humfanya mtu kuwa na mwelekeo wa kupenda jinsia ileile ya kwake au kupenda jinsia zote mbili badala ya jinsia tofauti tu kama ilivyo kawaida. Wengi wanafikiria [[asili]] ([[biolojia]]) pamoja na [[mazingira]] vinachangia. Lakini mara nyingine ni kwamba mtu ameathiriwa na tukio ambalo amefanyiwa hasa utotoni au amekubali mwenyewe kujaribu kufanya hata akazoea kiasi cha kushindwa kujinasua. Kati ya wale ambao wakati wa kubalehe wanayumba kwa muda fulani katika kujitambua, wengi baadaye wanakomaa vizuri katika mwelekeo wa kawaida. Kumbe watetezi wa ushoga wanataka hao vijana wapewe dawa za kusimamisha ubalehe ili baadaye iwe rahisi kuwafanyia upasuaji wa kubadili vyungo vya uzazi. Ukweli ni kwamba suala si kila mtu kuamua awe wa jinsia gani, kama kwamba mwili hauna maana, bali kujitambua na kujikubali alivyo. ==Mwelekeo na utashi== Watu wana mang'amuzi tofauti juu ya mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi. Baadhi wanajitambua kwa muda mrefu kabla hawajaanza uhusiano na wengine. Baadhi hujihusisha na vitendo vya kimapenzi kabla ya kujitambua na kuchukua msimamo juu ya mwelekeo wao. [[Binadamu]], akiwa na [[akili]] na [[utashi]], halazimiki wala hapaswi kufuata mielekeo yake yote, bali anatakiwa kuidhibiti, la sivyo ataharibika upande wa [[afya]] ya [[mwili]] na ya [[nafsi]] vilevile, mbali ya kuharibu [[maisha]] ya jamii. Kwa mfano, mtu anaweza kuwa na mwelekeo wa kuwazini [[watoto]] wadogo, mwingine wa kula kupita kiasi, n.k. Wakifuata mielekeo hiyo ataleta madhara tu. Hivyo wafikirie kabla ya kufuata mwelekeo wowote na wazingatie [[maadili]] mema. ==Misimamo ya sheria kuhusu ushoga na athari yake== [[File:05.TwoMen.Midtown.BaltimoreMD.27May2019.jpg|thumb|Mashoga wa Marekani.]] [[File:Motor City Pride 2011 - participants - 071.jpg|thumb|Wasagaji wa Marekani.]] [[File:World laws pertaining to homosexual relationships and expression.svg|thumb|Sheria za nchi kuhusu ushoga<br> {{legend|#025|Ndoa za jinsia moja}} {{legend|#06F|Mahusiano mengine}} {{legend|#decd87|Laws against expression}} {{legend|#f9dc36|Faini au kifungo (haitekelezwi)}} {{legend|#ec8028|Faini au kifungo}} {{legend|#c63|Adhabu ya kifo (haitekelezwi)}} {{legend|#800000|Adhabu ya kifo}} ]] Pengine mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia zote mbili hukumbana na [[unyanyapaa]], na hata [[ukatili]] kwa sababu ya mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi tofauti na kawaida. Wengine hubaguliwa kwenye [[shule]], [[vyuo]] na sehemu zao za [[kazi]], hata wananyimwa [[huduma]] za [[afya]] na [[haki]], na hupata msaada mdogo kutoka kwa wanafamilia na marafiki. Hali hiyo hufanya iwe vigumu kujitangaza kuwa shoga, msagaji, au mpenda jinsia mbili. Tatizo hilo la kimataifa ni kubwa zaidi katika nchi nyingi za [[Afrika]]. Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew mnamo mwaka 2007 kiligundua kuwa 3[[%]] tu ya [[Watanzania]], [[Wakenya]], na [[Waganda]] wanaamini kuwa ushoga unapaswa kukubalika. Hivyo katika nchi zote wanachama wa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC), isipokuwa [[Rwanda]], [[ngono]] ya jinsia moja huchukuliwa ni uhalifu na pengine [[adhabu]] iliyopangwa ni kifungo cha muda mrefu, ingawa kwa kawaida haitekelezwi. Matokeo yake, wachache tu wako wazi kuhusu mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi, wakati wengi wanalazimika kuishi kwa usiri na uwongo, ili waendane na [[maadili]] yaliyokubalika katika jamii yao. [[Chuki]] dhidi ya mashoga (kwa Kiingereza: “homophobia”) ina madhara makubwa kwa [[afya ya akili]] na ustawi wa watu walio mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili, hasa ikiwa wanajaribu kuficha mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi. Unyanyapaa na ukatili vinazidisha [[fadhaiko|mafadhaiko]] waliyonayo tayari kutokana na kutambua tofauti iliyopo kati ya mwili wao na mwelekeo wao. Mara nyingi wanashindwa kukabili hali hiyo na kujikubali walivyo. Hivyo wako katika hatari ya kuingia [[ulevi]] wa aina mbalimbali na [[kujiua]] kuliko wenzao wanaovutiwa na jinsia tofauti. Watu wanaotamani kuwasaidia wanaweza kufanya kazi na mashirika husika kuwapatia [[ushauri nasaha]] pamoja na kupambana na unyanyapaa. Mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili wanaotaka kupunguza unyanyapaa wanaweza kuwa wazi kuhusu mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi, huku wakichukua tahadhari muhimu ili kuwa salama kadiri iwezekanavyo. Kuwaambia watu wengine kuwa wewe ni mpenzi wa jinsia moja au tofauti huitwa “kujitokeza”. Mara nyingi hiyo ni hatua muhimu ya [[Saikolojia|kisaikolojia]] kwa watu walio mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili. Wanaohisi lazima wafiche mielekeo yao ya kimapenzi huripoti [[wasiwasi]] wa mara kwa mara kuliko mashoga na wasagaji ambao wako wazi. Japokuwa, unapaswa kujitokeza ikiwa unataka na uko tayari. Ingawa unatumaini kuwa marafiki na familia watakupokea, inawezekana kwamba hawatakubali. Ikiwa unategemea wazazi wako kifedha, unaweza kutaka kungoja, wasije wakajaribu kukufukuza nyumbani, kukuweka kwenye ndoa ya jinsia tofauti au kwenye matibabu mabaya ya kiakili. Kama utajitokeza, ni vizuri kuanza kwa kumwambia mtu ambaye una uhakika kuwa atakuwa na mtazamo chanya. Kujitokeza kunaweza kuwa moja ya kazi ngumu sana utakayokabiliana nayo katika maisha yako, lakini pia inaweza kuwa moja ya kazi zenye tunu sana. Kujitokeza ni njia mojawapo ya kuthibitisha hadhi yako na hadhi ya watu wengine walio wasagaji, mashoga, na wapenda jinsia mbili. ==Mtazamo upande wa afya na elimunafsia== Miongo mingi ya [[utafiti]] na uzoefu ya kitabibu imepelekea mashirika ya [[afya]] na ya afya ya akili kutamka kuwa mielekeo hiyo si [[ugonjwa]]. [[Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni]] (WHO) liliondoa ushoga kutoka kwenye orodha yake ya [[magonjwa ya akili]] mnamo [[1990]] na kwamba mapenzi ya jinsia moja si magonjwa, hivyo hayahitaji [[matibabu]]. Hadi leo, hakuna utafiti wa kutosha wa kisayansi kuonyesha kwamba [[tiba]] inayolenga kubadili mwelekeo wa mapenzi ya jinsia moja ni salama au inafaa. Kwa kuongezea, uhamasishaji wa matibabu ya mabadiliko unaonekana kuchangia mazingira mabaya kwa mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili. Tafiti tofauti kote ulimwenguni zimegundua kuwa mtu 1 hadi 10 kati ya 100 wanavutiwa na watu wa jinsia yao wenyewe. Ushoga umekuwepo katika jamii na [[tamaduni]] nyingi, na pia unasemekana kutokea katika [[spishi]] 500 hivi za [[wanyama]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book | author = Bagemihl, Bruce | title = Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity | url = https://archive.org/details/biologicalexuber00bage | publisher = St. Martin's Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-312-25377-6}}</ref><ref name="Biological Exuberance: Animal">{{cite web| last =Harrold | first =Max | title=Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity | publisher=[[The Advocate]], reprinted in Highbeam Encyclopedia | date=1999-02-16 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-53877996.html | accessdate = 2007-09-10}}</ref> Jambo hilo linatumiwa na watetezi wa ushoga kusema kwamba ni kawaida ya kimaumbile. Lakini wanaosema kuwa ushoga ni kinyume cha maumbile wanamaanisha maumbile ya binadamu yanayotakiwa kuongozwa na [[akili]] na [[utashi]], si [[silika]] tu kama ilivyo kwa [[viumbehai]] wengine wote. Kwa mfano, wanyama wanazaliana hata wakiwa na undugu, kwa mfano mama na mtoto, lakini kwa binadamu haifai. Vilevile [[ubakaji]] unafanywa na wanyama mbalimbali, lakini kwa binadamu haufai kabisa kwa sababu unasababisha mwathiriwa asiyekubali apitie uchungu na mateso. Hiyo ndiyo sababu [[jamii]] [[Ustaarabu|iliyostaarabika]] haiwezi kuuvumilia ubakaji; waathiriwa na wote ambao wangeweza kuwa waathiriwa wanapaswa kulindwa wasibakwe. Ulinganisho huo wa ndoa ya jinsia moja na ubakaji si kamili kwa kuwa hauhusishi mwathiriwa asiyekubali, anayelazimika kuvumilia uchungu na mateso, na pengine, badala yake wapenzi wa jinsia moja ambao wanazuiwa kuoana wanajisikia uchungu. Hata hivyo, inabidi kulinda [[maadili]] ya jamii ili iweze kustawi dhidi ya tamaa zisizoijenga. Moja ya dhihirisho la mapema zaidi ulimwenguni la ushoga kati ya watu ni [[michoro ya miambani]] ya [[Wasan]] wa [[Zimbabwe]] ambayo inaonyesha mahusiano ya jinsia moja. Michoro hiyo ya maelfu ya miaka iliyopita na vilevile [[ushahidi]] mwingine wa kihistoria unaonyesha kuwa ushoga umekuwepo katika [[bara]] la Afrika tangu kale, si umeletwa na [[mataifa]] ya [[Magharibi]] kama inavyodaiwa pengine. Hata hivyo sasa [[ustaarabu wa Magharibi]] unahamasisha ushoga kwa mbinu zote<ref>https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2022/05/23/transsexual-activist-slams-transgender-indoctrination-on-children-n2607651?inf_contact_key=304d6edd55c386ddbd30e74277fd8249d18a532c4142cb79caf2b269de1401fa</ref> katika kuhimiza mienendo yoyote ya [[anasa]] isiyo na [[uwajibikaji]] kwa ustawi na afya ya jamii <ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/homophobic-un-attacks-journalists-reporting-on-lgbt-sex-party-where-monkeypox-spread/</ref><ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/07/28/monkeypox-primarily-affects-gay-men-why-are-we-scared-to-say-it/?inf_contact_key=f1b60f77453903d6c7a5734fedf9ff80842e902fbef</ref>. Katika kuwatetea, pengine ustaarabu huo umefikia hatua ya kuwafanya kielelezo cha [[maendeleo]] ambayo hatimaye yamejikomboa kutoka mitindo ya maisha ya zamani na tunu zake, kama vile familia, uzazi n.k. Kwa namna hiyo unabomoa misingi yenyewe ya maisha ya jamii<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/06/01/the-anarchic-philosophy-behind-lgbtqi-pride-month/?inf_contact_key=a80abebb3ed46c560ef816b99b98a7fdf651f238aa2edbb9c8b7cff03e0b16a0</ref>. Pengine mashoga wenyewe wanatangaza mtindo wao kama ndio bora na kudharau hiyo mingine (k.mf. [[maandamano]] ya "Gay Pride")<ref>https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-04-12/a-transgender-psychologist-reckons-with-how-to-support-a-new-generation-of-trans-teens</ref>, ingawa baadhi yao wanatambua hatari iliyopo kwa vizazi vijavyo katika kuhamasisha ushoga n.k.<ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/lesbian-admits-that-she-would-not-have-fought-for-lgbt-rights-if-she-knew-it-would-lead-to-grooming/</ref>. ==Misimamo ya dini== Tamaduni za kijamii au za kidini hazitakiwi kuhalalisha tena ubaguzi dhidi ya mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili. Uonevu na unyanyasaji, kuwakatalia watu walio wasagaji, mashoga, na wapenda jinsia mbili fursa na heshima sawa au kuwatuhumu kwa vile walivyo au wanavyotenda si [[uchaji wa Mungu]] wala ufuataji tamaduni bali ni ubaya tu. Kuchukia maovu ni tofauti na kuchukia mwovu. Hata hivyo suala la maadili linabaki: je, ni halali kufuata mwelekeo wowote ambao tunajisikia au tumejizoesha kwa kurudiarudia matendo maovu? Tukikubali watu wafanye lolote wanalojisikia, jamii itakuwaje? [[Uyahudi]]<ref>The Torah (first five books of the Hebrew Bible) is the primary source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states that: "[A man] shall not lie with another man as [he would] with a woman, it is a תועבה toeba ("abomination")" ([[Law|Leviticus]] 18:22). Like many similar commandments, the stated punishment for willful violation is the death penalty, although in practice rabbinic Judaism no longer believes it has the authority to implement death penalties.</ref>, [[Ukristo]]<ref>Rom 13:13-14: 13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy. 14 Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh. Galatians 5:19–5:21: 19 Now the works of the flesh are obvious: fornication, impurity, licentiousness, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, anger, quarrels, dissensions, factions, 21 envy, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these. I am warning you, as I warned you before: those who do such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. Colossians 3:5–3:7: 5 Put to death, therefore, whatever in you is earthly: fornication, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed (which is idolatry). 6 On account of these the wrath of God is coming on those who are disobedient. 7 These are the ways you also once followed, when you were living that life. Ephesians 5:3–5:3: 3 But fornication and impurity of any kind, or greed, must not even be mentioned among you, as is proper among saints.</ref>, na [[Uislamu]]<ref>Islam views same-sex desires as an unnatural temptation; and sexual relations are seen as a transgression of the natural role and aim of sexual activity. "Do you approach males among the worlds And leave what your Lord has created for you as mates? But you are a people transgressing". — Quran , Surah 26 (165-166)</ref> [[Mapokeo|kimapokeo]] huchukulia tabia za mapenzi ya jinsia moja kuwa ni [[dhambi]]. Mafundisho ya [[Uhindu]], [[Ubudha]], [[Ujain]], na [[Usikh]] hayako wazi kabisa juu ya mwelekeo wa mapenzi ya jinsia moja, na viongozi wa [[dini]] wanatoa maoni tofauti. Leo, watu kutoka dini zote wanazidi kukubali mapenzi ya jinsia moja, na hata [[ndoa ya jinsia moja]]. [[Idadi]] inayokua ya [[madhehebu]] ya [[Uprotestanti]] hufanya [[baraka]] za ndoa za jinsia moja. Watu wengi walio mashoga, wasagaji na wapenda jinsia mbili wanaripoti kwamba hawaoni mgongano kati ya mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi na [[imani]] yao. Hayo yote hayamaanishi kwamba ndio [[ukweli]]; pengine ni kupotewa na [[hekima]]<ref>Romans 1:19–1:27: 19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 Ever since the creation of the world his eternal power and divine nature, invisible though they are, have been understood and seen through the things he has made. So they are without excuse; 21 for though they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their senseless minds were darkened. 22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools; 23 and they exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling a mortal human being or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles. 24 Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the degrading of their bodies among themselves, 25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen. 26 For this reason God gave them up to degrading passions. Their women exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their error.</ref> au ni kujilegeza na kufuata tu mkondo. Ni lazima kufikiria [[uumbaji]] wa mtu katika jinsia mbili ili kuelewa [[Muumba]] alitaka nini, hasa alipounganisha [[kilele]] cha [[tendo la ndoa]] na uwezekano wa [[mimba]] kupatikana. [[Papa Fransisko]], mkuu wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], ameongea mara kwa mara juu ya hitaji la kukaribisha na kupenda watu wote, bila kujali mwelekeo wao wa kimapenzi, kwa kuwa wote ni sura na mfano wa [[Mungu]]. Hata hivyo mafundisho ya Kikatoliki<ref>The teachings of the Catholic Church on same-sex attraction are summarized in the [[Katekisimu ya Kanisa Katoliki|Catechism of the Catholic Church]]: 2357 Homosexuality refers to relations between men or between women who experience an exclusive or predominant sexual attraction toward persons of the same sex. It has taken a great variety of forms through the centuries and in different cultures. Its psychological genesis remains largely unexplained. Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that 'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered.' They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved. 2358 The number of men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies is not negligible. This inclination, which is objectively disordered, constitutes for most of them a trial. They must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity. Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided. These persons are called to fulfill God's will in their lives and, if they are Christians, to unite to the sacrifice of the Lord's Cross the difficulties they may encounter from their condition. 2359 Homosexual persons are called to chastity. By the virtues of self-mastery that teach them inner freedom, at times by the support of disinterested friendship, by prayer and sacramental grace, they can and should gradually and resolutely approach Christian perfection.</ref> yanasema wazi kwamba matendo ya ushoga ni [[dhambi]], tena [[dhambi ya mauti]] kama matendo mengine ya [[uasherati]] na hata zaidi. Mwelekeo tu si dhambi, lakini ni hatari, kwa kuwa unafanya mtu avutiwe na jambo ambalo ni dhambi, tofauti na mwelekeo wa kawaida unaomfanya mtu avutiwe na ndoa na uzazi kama inavyohitajiwa na jamii ili kujiendeleza. Hivyo mashoga na wengineo wanahitaji msaada wa pekee kuelewa mpango wa Mungu kuhusu jinsia na hatimaye kuishi namna ya kumpendeza. Msimamo wa [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] ni wa namna hiyohiyo: kwamba ngono inakubalika tu katika ndoa. ==Tazama pia== * [[Msenge]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2019-03-115c862e9e8cccc.aspx Madhara ya ushoga kisaikolojia, kiafya] *[https://rainerebert.com/2020/09/04/mahojiano-wanalgbt-tanzania/ Mahojiano na mashoga wa Tanzania] {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Jinsia]] [[Jamii:Saikolojia]] [[Jamii:Maadili]] 0l0cqok2kq8jkxuw3czye9352w8u3ha Ambrosi wa Aleksandria 0 120269 1238054 1110085 2022-08-02T07:43:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ambrosi''' (kabla ya [[212]] - [[Aleksandria]], [[Misri]], [[250]] hivi) alikuwa [[shemasi]] wa [[mji]] huo aliyefungwa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Maximinus Thrax|Maksimini]]. Mtu [[tajiri]], alimsaidia [[Origen]] kwa [[mali]] yake<ref>https://dacb.org/stories/egypt/ambrosius/</ref> baada ya kuacha mafundisho ya [[Ujuzilio|Gnosis]]<ref>[[Origen]], ''Epistle to Sextus Julius Africanus'' vol. i. p. 29</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[17 Machi]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-ambrose-of-alexandria/</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 212]] [[Category:Waliofariki 250]] [[Jamii:mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] 0mjn6l88svf136klw6d221ae6e7y7wn Abu Bakari (mshairi) 0 120964 1238064 1099608 2022-08-02T08:23:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abu Bakari (Mshairi)]] hadi [[Abu Bakari (mshairi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu|Abu Bakari|rangi=|jina=Abu Bakari|picha=|maelezo_ya_picha=|jina la kuzaliwa=Abu Bakari|alizaliwa=Karne ya 18|alikufa=Karne ya 18|nchi=[[Kenya]]|kazi yake=Mwandishi|ndoa=|wazazi=|watoto=|tovuti rasmi=}} '''Abu Bakari''' (alizaliwa na kufa mjini [[Pate]], [[karne ya 18]]) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwandishi]] katika [[usultani]] wa Pate. Aliandika [[ushairi]] na [[hadithi]] zake kwa [[Kiswahili]]. Alikuwa [[Mwafrika]], tena wa [[Kibantu]], [[mwana]] wa [[Bwana Mwengo]] aliyekuwa mshairi mjini Pate. Alijulikana kuandika [[Utendi wa Katirifu]] na [[Utendi wa Fatuma]]. Pia alinakili [[Utendi wa Tambuka]] wa Bwana Mwengo. == Maisha yake == Aliandikia [[vitabu]] vyake kwa [[sultani]] wa Pate. == Vitabu vyake == * Utendi wa Katirifu * Utendi wa Fatuma == Mistari ya Utendi wa Katirifu== ''Wakateusha yeo charejea'' ''Ururuni kikangia'' ''Shujaa hunyenyekea'' ''Kama kali ya hanjari.'' == Marejeo == * Knappert, J. (1982). Four Centuries of Swahili Verse. {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 18]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 18]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kiswahili]] q3v0hnxae4o67432gkclcuutr7eoqs8 1238066 1238064 2022-08-02T08:24:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu|Abu Bakari|rangi=|jina=Abu Bakari|picha=|maelezo_ya_picha=|jina la kuzaliwa=Abu Bakari|alizaliwa=Karne ya 18|alikufa=Karne ya 18|nchi=[[Kenya]]|kazi yake=Mwandishi|ndoa=|wazazi=|watoto=|tovuti rasmi=}} '''Abu Bakari''' (alizaliwa na kufariki mjini [[Pate]], [[karne ya 18]]) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwandishi]] katika [[usultani]] wa Pate. Aliandika [[ushairi]] na [[hadithi]] zake kwa [[Kiswahili]]. Alikuwa [[Mwafrika]], tena wa [[Kibantu]], [[mwana]] wa [[Bwana Mwengo]] aliyekuwa mshairi mjini Pate. Alijulikana kuandika [[Utendi wa Katirifu]] na [[Utendi wa Fatuma]]. Pia alinakili [[Utendi wa Tambuka]] wa Bwana Mwengo. == Maisha yake == Aliandikia [[vitabu]] vyake kwa [[sultani]] wa Pate. == Vitabu vyake == * Utendi wa Katirifu * Utendi wa Fatuma == Mistari ya Utendi wa Katirifu== ''Wakateusha yeo charejea'' ''Ururuni kikangia'' ''Shujaa hunyenyekea'' ''Kama kali ya hanjari.'' == Marejeo == * Knappert, J. (1982). Four Centuries of Swahili Verse. {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 18]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 18]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kiswahili]] esdzdku96xwchht0vcm37aaw336xa26 Bas 0 124944 1238121 1109872 2022-08-02T11:16:20Z Benix Mby 36425 /* 2016-17: Too High to Riot */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Jina = Bas |Img = Bas_2016.jpg|thumb |Img_capt = |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = Abbas Hamad |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1987|5|27|df=yes}} |Asili yake = [[Paris]] [[France]] |Aina ya muziki = [[Wasanii]] |Miaka ya kazi = 2011–mpaka sasa |Studio = [[Dreamville Records]] }} '''Abbas Hamad''' (jina lake la kisanii: '''Bas'''; alizaliwa [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]], [[1987]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Sudani]], anayetoka [[mji]] wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens,_New_York Queens], [[jimbo la New York]]. Bas amesainiwa kwa lebo ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Cole J Cole], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamville_Records Dreamville Records] na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interscope_Records Interscope Records]. Albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Winter Last Winter], ilitolewa tarehe 29 April, 2014. Albamu yake ya pili ya studio ilitolewa tarehe 4 Machi 2016 na iliitwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_High_to_Riot Too High to Riot], na albamu ya tatu ni Milky Way na ilitolewa tarehe 24 Agosti 2018. ==Maisha== Yeye alizaliwa katika mji wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris Paris] 1987 kwa wazazi wa wasudani. akiwa na umri wa miaka nane familia yake ilihamia mji wa New York City jimbo la New York. Yeye alikwenda [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris St. Fracis Preparatory School] katika mji wa Queens jimbo la New York. Bas ni mdogo wa rafiki wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Cole J Cole] na meneja Ibrahim Hamad. == Kazi ya Muziki == Mnamo mwaka 2011, Bas alitoa mixtape yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa “Quarter Water Raised Vol. 1. Mnamo mwaka 2013, miztape yake ya pili ilitolewa na kuitwa, “ Quarter Water Raised Vol. 2. Mnamo Mwaka 2013 Bas alikuwa kwenye wimbo wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Cole J Cole] “New York Times” na pia 50 Cent mpaka albamu J Cole, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_Sinner Born Sinner], na kisha tena katika [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Khaled DJ Khaled] “Hells Kitchen” toka [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering_from_Success Suffering from Success]. Kisha yeye alionekana kwenye albamu [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Dreamers Revenge of the Dreamers].” Hiyo mixtape iliyotolewa kusherehekea Dreamville alishirikiana na Interscope Records, matokeo yake ilisainiwa na Interscope. Wiki mbili kabla ya albamu yake ya kwanza “Last Winter”, Bas alitolewa EP ya bure inayoitwa “Two Weeks Notice.” == 2014–15: Last Winter == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Winter Last Winter] ilitolewa tarehe 29 Aprili 2014, kwa Dreamville records na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interscope_Records Interscope Records]. Albamu hii ilizungumza kuhusu siku za baridi huko New York wakati yeye alikuwa anarekodi hiyo albamu. Albamu iliungwa mkono na wimbo “My Nigga Just Made Bail” kuunda kwa GP808 na J Cole aliimba kwenye wimbo. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Winter Last Winter] kutolewa mia na tatu katika orodha [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200 Billboard 200] na yeye aliuza nakala 3601 katika wiki za kwanza. Baada ya kutolewa, Bas alikwenda katika safari ya tamasha la majiji kumi lililoitwa “The Last Winter Tour.” Bas baada ya safari yake ya muziki, alikwenda katika safari ya kimataifa ya muziki kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab-Soul Ab Soul]. Mnamo mwaka 2015 Bas alikwenda katika safari ya kimtaifa ya muziki na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Cole J Cole] kwenye “2014 Forest Hills Drive Tour” na wasanii wengine kama Omen, Cozz, Jeremih, YG, na Big Sean. == 2016-17: Too High to Riot == Bas alitoa albamu ya pili, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_High_to_Riot Too High to Riot] tarehe 4 Machi 2016. Albamu hii pia inajumuisha kuonekana kwa mgeni kutoka wasanii Dreamvile J. Cole na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozz Cozz]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_High_to_Riot Too High to Riot] ilishika nambari arobaini na sita kwenye [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200 Billboard 200], na Albamu aliuza nakala 10985 katika wiki za kwanza. Yeye pia alitoa video ya muziki ya wimbo wa evry kwenye albamu. Baadaye, Bas alikwenda katika safari ya kimtaifa ya muziki mnamo mwezi Januari mwaka 2016 iliyoitwa “The Too High to Riot Tour.”Wasanii wa Dreamville Cozz na [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthGang Earthgang] alikwenda safari na walikwenda waji ishirini na sita, na tarehe 29 Januari 2017 video inayofunika safari ilitolewa katika Tidal. {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] d1jhgxwyucvtziuplmkbefbpnidopez Abondi na Irenei 0 128401 1238070 1126169 2022-08-02T08:40:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abondi na Irenei''' (walifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[258]]<ref name="Roman">{{cite book |last= Lapidge|first=Michael |date=2018 |title=The Roman Martyrs: Introduction, Translations, and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fU-DwAAQBAJ&q=Abundius+and+Irenaeus&pg=PA324|page=324|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=United Kingdom|isbn=9780198811367 }}</ref>) ni kati ya [[shahidi|mashahidi]] wa [[imani]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] waliouawa katika [[makao makuu]] ya [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>[https://daily-prayers.org/saints-library/abundius-and-irenaeus-2/ Abundius and Irenaeus] Retrieved on 22 Mar 2018</ref> wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[serikali]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/67310</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kati ya [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Agosti]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *[[Frederick George Holweck|Holweck, F. G.]], ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924. {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 258]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] qoymcmz7xyigkcwnosn0hbuqzxpog8f Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey 0 129580 1237985 1164135 2022-08-02T06:28:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Arise, O Compatriots'''" ni [[wimbo wa taifa]] wa [[Nigeria]]. Uliteuliwa [[mwaka]] [[1978]] badala ya "[[Nigeria, We Hail Thee]]".<ref name=gn>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Nigeria’s National Anthem Composer, Pa Ben Odiase, Dies |url=http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/06/12/nigerias-national-anthem-composer-pa-ben-odiase-dies/ |work=Gazelle News |publisher= |date=2013-06-12 |accessdate=2013-07-08 |archivedate=2017-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927112428/http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/06/12/nigerias-national-anthem-composer-pa-ben-odiase-dies/ }}</ref> Sauti yake ni mchanganyiko wa maneno na beti kutoka malango matano ya mashindano ndani ya nchi. [[Maneno]] yaliwekwa na bendi ya police wa Nigeria chini ya usimamizi wa Benedit P Ofiase (1934-20 13) maneno ya wimbo wa Taifa yaliwekwa na jumla ya watu watano P.O Aderibigbe, John A. Ilechukwu, Dr. Sota Omoigui, Eme tim Akpan and B.A. Ogunnaike == Maneno yake == Arise, O compatriots, Nigeria's call obey To serve our fatherland With love and strength and faith The labour of our heroes past Shall never be in vain To serve with heart and might One nation bound in freedom, peace and unity. Oh God of creation, direct our noble cause Guide our leader’s right Help our youth the truth to know In love and honesty to grow And living just and true Great lofty heights attain To build a nation where peace and justice shall reign. ==Ahadi kwa taifa== Mara baada ya kuimba wimbo wa taifa, Wanigeria wanatamka [[ahadi]] iliyoandikwa na [[Felicia Adebola Adedoyin]] mwaka [[1976]]. Ni kama ifuatavyo: :I pledge to Nigeria my country. :To be faithful, loyal and honest. :To serve Nigeria with all my strength :To defend her unity and uphold her honour and glory :So help me God ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://nationalanthems.me/nigeria-arise-o-compatriots/ Nigeria: ''Arise, O Compatriots'' - Audio of the national anthem of Nigeria, with information and lyrics] {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Taifa za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] [[Category:Nigeria]] bfenhr9jyhmveungs0br2siuvbwryiz Maureen Solomon 0 131097 1237877 1133806 2022-08-01T13:58:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maureen Solomon''' (alizaliwa [[1983]]) ni muigizaji kutoka Nigeria ambaye alishiriki katika filamu za Kinaigeria zaidi ya 80<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2041813/|title=Maureen Solomon|website=IMDb|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/life-arts/nollywood-actress-maureen-solomon-is-pregnant-after-12-years-flaunts-baby-bump/ar-BBVJ4cV|title=Nollywood actress Maureen Solomon is pregnant after 12 years, flaunts baby bump|website=www.msn.com|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/04/09/maureen-solomon-welcomes-2nd-child-after-12-years/|title=Maureen Solomon welcomes 2nd child after 12 years|last=Okundia|first=Jennifer|date=2019-04-09|website=P.M. News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na Elimu== Solomon alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Abia]], [[Nigeria]] mjini Isuochi ambapo alipata elimu yake ya awali na sekondari, na kupata vyeti vyake vya kuhitimu shule ya msingi na sekondari katika shule ya Isuochi Primary and Secondary school iliyopo mji wa [[Abia]]. ==Kazi== Solomon aliitwa kwenye usaili ambapo alianza kuigiza jukwaani wakati akiwa shule ya msingi na alikua na matamanio ya kuwa muigizaji bora kwa baadae. Solomon alianza kazi yake ya kuigiza katika filamu za kinaigeria akiwa na miaka 17 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1203679-6-nollywood-actress-maureen-solomon.html|title=6 things to know about Nollywood actress Maureen Solomon|last=Owolawi|first=Taiwo|date=2018-11-14|website=www.legit.ng|language=en|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref> katika filamu iitwayo ''Alternative'' ambayo iliongozwa na [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]] . Solomon alipokea ujumbe katika siku ilifuata wakimuitaji ashiriki katika filamu ambapo alilipwa ₦2000 kwa ($20, per 2001 exchange rate) <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2018/11/14/6-things-to-know-about-nollywood-actress-maureen-solomon/|title=6 things to know about Nollywood actress Maureen Solomon|date=2018-11-14|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref> Solomon aliacha kuigiza filamu za kinaigeria mnamo mwaka [[2011]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/celebrity/in-search-of-these-acting-celebrities/|title=In Search Of These Acting Celebrities|website=guardian.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref> ==Maisha yake binafsi== Solomon katika mwaka 2005 aliolewa na Bwana Okereke, aliekuwa daktari na wamebahatika kupata watoto wawili wakiwa pamoja. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2019/04/after-almost-12-years-actress-maureen-solomon-welcomes-another-child-2/|title=After almost 12 years, actress Maureen Solomon welcomes another child|last=RITA|date=2019-04-09|website=Vanguard Allure|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/why-i-stopped-acting-for-7-years-maureen-solomon-actress/|title=Why I stopped acting for 7 years –Maureen Solomon, actress|last=Rapheal|date=2018-04-21|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/242921/actress-maureen-solomon-shows-off-aged-mother-with-great-sw.html|title=Actress, Maureen Solomon Shows off Aged Mother with Great Swag|website=Nigerian Voice|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] krp8n6u6tsz13i6r8dkyu1t76dphei6 Enuka Okuma 0 131104 1237874 1236518 2022-08-01T13:54:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha: Enuka Okuma TIFF 2011.jpg|thumb|250px| Okuma Mnamo mwaka 2011 [Toronto International Film Festival]]] '''Enuka Vanessa Okuma''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[20 Septemba]] [[1976]], ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka nchini [[Kanada]], anajulikana kwa umaarufu wake wa kuigiza katika ''Global Television Network''. ''American Broadcasting Company|ABC'' ''police drama series'', ''Rookie Blue'' ([[2010]] – [[2015]]). Okuma pia anajulikana kwa kazi yake ya uigizaji katika [[filamu]] ya mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] iitwayo ''Madison (TV series)'' ([[1994]] – [[1998]]) na ''Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye'' ([[2002]] – [[2005]]). ==Maisha ya awali== Okuma alizaliwa katika mji wa Vancouver, [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddytv.com/info/enuka-okuma-info.aspx|title=Enuka Okuma Biography|accessdate=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105458/http://www.buddytv.com/info/enuka-okuma-info.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> yeye asili yake ni wa Nigeria kutokea Igbo.<ref>http://woman.ng/2016/10/13-hollywood-actresses-with-nigerian-roots/</ref> === Kazi ya awali=== Mnamo mwaka [[1990]], alianza kazi yake katika kipindi cha televisheni akionekana mara kwa mara karibu na wengine katika kipindi cha kwanza cha 'teen soap opera', ''[[Hillside (TV series)|Hillside]]''. Katika mwaka 1990, pia alicheza kama msaidizi kaitika filamu mbalimbali zinazorushwa katika televisheni nchini Kanada, kama vile ''[[Madison (TV series)|Madison]]''. ==Maisha binafsi== Mnamo [[Julai 2]], [[2011]] alifunga ndoa na mwanamuziki Joe Gasparik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enukaokuma.com/|title=enuka okuma - the official site|publisher=|accessdate=17 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insideweddings.com/weddings/enuka-okuma-and-joe-gasparik/380/|title=Actress Enuka Okuma's Movie-Inspired Wedding|publisher=Ndani Weddings|accessdate=31 January 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waigbo]] 09qrkfy63jmhstm18esuvh5dgfgvgtl Nonso Anozie 0 131125 1237876 1187993 2022-08-01T13:56:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nonso Anozie''' (alizaliwa 17 Novemba [[1978]]) ni muigizaji wa [[Uingereza]] aliyefanya kazi ya filamu na televisheni. Alipata umaarufu kwa filamu zifuatazo ''[[RocknRolla]]'', Sergeant Dap in ''[[Ender's Game (film)|Ender's Game]]'', Abraham Kenyatta in ''[[Zoo (TV series)|Zoo]]'', Captain of the Guards in ''[[Cinderella (2015 Disney film)|Cinderella]]'' na Xaro Xhoan Daxos kwenye[[HBO]] televisheni ''[[Game of Thrones]]''. ==Maisha ya awali== Anozie alizaliwa mjini [[London, England]], lakini asili yake ni Igbo. <ref>{{cite web|last=Obenson|first=Tambay A.|title=British-Nigerian Actor Nonso Anoze ("Game of Thrones") Talks To S&A About Stage, TV & Film Career + More...|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/6df83ee0-9ab1-11e1-bcc4-123138165f92|work=Shadow and Act|publisher=[[Indiewire]]|date=10 May 2012|access-date=6 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503064210/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/6df83ee0-9ab1-11e1-bcc4-123138165f92|archive-date=3 May 2015|url-status=dead|accessdate=2020-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503064210/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/6df83ee0-9ab1-11e1-bcc4-123138165f92|archivedate=2015-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/actor-nonso-anozie-im-playing-the-original-superhero-in-blockbuster-series-the-bible-8972147.html |title=Actor Nonso Anozie: 'I'm playing the original superhero in blockbuster series The Bible' |first=Louise |last=Jury |work=[[London Evening Standard]] |date=29 November 2013 |accessdate=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/NonsoAnozie/status/436306160770371584|title=Nonso Anozie on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=2018-04-04|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1996829/|title=Nonso Anozie|website=IMDb|access-date=2018-04-04}}</ref> Alihitimu katika shule ya [[Central School of Speech and Drama]] mnamo mwaka [[2002]], <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1996829/bio|title= Nonso Anozie – Biography|accessdate=9 July 2016|publisher=IMDb}}</ref> na pia mwaka huo huo alicheza katika filamu iitwayo [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[King Lear]]'', na akashinda tuzo ya [[Ian Charleson Award]]. Mnamo mwaka [[2004]]alishiriki katika ''[[Othello]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2012/05/british-nigerian-actor-nonso-anozie-game-of-thrones-talks-to-sa-about-stage-tv-film-career-more-145732/|title=British-Nigerian Actor Nonso Anozie ("Game Of Thrones") Talks To S&A About Stage, TV & Film Career + More…|last=Obenson|first=Tembay A.|website=Indie Wire|date=10 May 2012|accessdate=23 October 2017}}</ref> ==Kazi== Anozie aliajiriwa mnamo mwaka [[2006]] kwa ajili ya kutoa sauti ya dubu silaha katika filamu ya [[Iorek Byrnison]] katika [[The Golden Compass (film)|film adaptation]] of [[Philip Pullman]]'s ''[[Northern Lights (novel)|Northern Lights]]''.<ref name="btts">{{cite web |url= http://www.bridgetothestars.net/news/1156776262/|title=The Real Iorek|accessdate=10 November 2007 |publisher= BridgeToTheStars.net}}</ref> Anozie alibadilishwa akawekwa [[Ian McKellen]] kwa miezi miwili kabla ya filamu kutoka. <ref name="btts2"> {{cite web |url= http://www.bridgetothestars.net/news/ian-mckellen-voicing-iorek/|title=Ian McKellen Voicing Iorek|accessdate=10 November 2007 |publisher= BridgeToTheStars.net}}</ref> Muongozaji wa filamu, [[Chris Weitz]], aliiambia ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'': "ilikua ni maamuzi ya studio ,ili uelewe kuwa huna haja ya kumlalamikia Ian McKellen kwa kitu chochote. Lakini kubadilishwa kwa Nonso ilikua ni moja ya maumivu ya kazi katika filamu hii. Nataka kusema kua Nonso ni mojawapo wa kijana muigizaji mzuri sana nchini Uingereza, na nimefanya kazi hapa kwa mda sahivi na sasa hivi atakuepo katika filamu ya [[Mike Leigh]] [film] Lakini kuondoka kwa Nonso ilikua kama giza kwangu, kwa sababu ninaipenda sana kazi yake. "<ref name="empire">{{cite web|url= http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=21229|title= Kristin Scott Thomas in Golden Compass|accessdate= 10 November 2007|publisher= [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]|archivedate= 2011-08-28|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828230723/http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=21229}}</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:waigbo]] 357ltpk48u2nh1o4u43h1ngv0y6v3ed Andrea wa Firenze 0 133094 1237981 1152662 2022-08-02T06:24:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea wa Firenze''' (alifariki [[Firenze]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 9]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[mji]] huo. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/42880</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[26 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki karne ya 9]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 6q6k1909832ichzdguh80mbm1kvq9ce Agatopodo na Theodulo 0 134080 1238063 1157210 2022-08-02T08:22:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Thesalonike]], [[Ugiriki]], [[302]] hivi) walikuwa [[Mkristo]] ambao kutokana na [[imani]] yao waliuawa kwa kutoswa [[bahari|baharini]] wamefungiwa [[jiwe]] kubwa [[Shingo|shingoni]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[dola la Roma]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93000</ref>. Agatopodo alikuwa [[shemasi]] [[mzee]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-agathopus-the-deacon/</ref> na Theodulo [[msomaji]] [[kijana]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[4 Aprili]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 302]] [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ugiriki]] 0ucwmrk1pdv4vcfps1a28iqg7f2q744 Mereba 0 134785 1238132 1160856 2022-08-02T11:30:18Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Tanbihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=Mereba|jina la asili=Marian Mereba|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa=Septemba 19, 1990 (age 30)|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa=Montgomery, Alabama|miaka ya kazi=2013 hadi leo|tovuti=http://marianmereba.com/|kazi_yake=Mwimbaji • mtunzi wa nyimbo • mtayarashi wa muziki • mpiga gitaa • rapa}} '''Marian Mereba''' (anajita '''Mereba''' tu) ni [[Mmarekani]] na [[Mwethiopia]] [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]], mtayarishaji wa [[muziki]], [[rapa]], na mpiga [[gitaa]]. Alianza kazi ya muziki [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], [[Georgia (jimbo)|jimbo la Georgia]], na sasa anaishi jijini [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=INTERVIEW: Marian Mereba on her musical journey, her tree hugging ways & the Atlanta music scene|url=https://afropunk.com/2014/09/interview-marian-mereba-on-her-musical-journey-her-tree-hugging-ways-the-atlanta-music-scene/|work=AFROPUNK|date=2014-09-16|accessdate=2021-04-22|language=en-US|author=Andrea Dwyer}}</ref> Kutoka albamu wa kwanza mpaka sasa, Mereba alifanya kazi na [[wanamuziki]] wengi, kama EARTHGANG, JID, 6LACK, Spillage Village wote, na wengineo<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Mereba|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/294lNTPZfdqyzt8qnxmFiL|work=Spotify|accessdate=2021-04-22|language=}}</ref>, kiasi kwamba yeye aliwaita marafiki wake wa karibu ambao walimsaidia sana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urgently Necessary: An interview with Mereba|url=http://www.teethmag.net/interview-mereba/|work=Teeth Magazine|date=2019-12-10|accessdate=2021-04-22|author=Patricia Ellah}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Mereba alizaliwa katika mji wa Montgomery, jimbo la [[Alabama]] tarehe 19 mwezi wa Septemba na mwaka wa 1990 kwa baba Mwethiopia na mama Mmarekani mweusi ambao walikutana wakati baba yake alikuja Marekani kusoma chuoni.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Singer/Songwriter Marian Mereba|url=https://www.ebony.com/entertainment/black-fresh-20-something-singersongwriter-marian-mereba-576/|work=EBONY|date=2016-07-22|accessdate=2021-04-22|language=en-US|author=Syreeta Martin}}</ref> Kwa sababu wazazi wawili ni walimu wa chuo na walifundisha katika chuo kingine, familia yake walihama mara nyingi. Waliishi katika jiji la Philadelphia, jimbo la [[Pennsylvania]], kisha mjini Greensboro jimbo la [[North Carolina]], na baadaye jijini Atlanta jimbo la Georgia.<ref name=":2" /> Pia, Mereba alikwenda nyumbani kwa baba yake katika nchi ya [[Ethiopia]], jiji la Addis Ababa.<ref name=":0" /> == Elimu == Mereba alihitimu shule ya sekondari akiwa na miaka 17 na nia yake ya kwanza ilikuwa kuanza kazi ya muziki yake mara moja, lakini wazazi walimtaka yeye aende chuoni kwanza, hasa baba yake.<ref name=":2" /> Yeye alikubali ombi lao, na alijiunga na Chuo kikuu cha Carnegie Mellon katika mji wa Pittsburgh. Halafu, alihama kutoka jimbo la Pennsylvania hadi jijini Atlanta kuenda Chuo kikuu cha Spelman kwa ajili ya kuwa karibu na kitovu cha muziki.<ref name=":0" /> Ana shahada ya [[Kiingereza]] na Muziki.<ref name=":2" /> == Shughuli za Muziki == Katika mwaka wa 2013, Mereba alianza shughuli yake ya rasmi na albamu yake iliitwa ''Room for Living'', ambao ni muziki wa kitamaduni. Aliipa jina hilo kwa sababu alifanya muziki katika sebule yake. Baadaye, alianza kurekodi na studio ya kurekodi ya Red Kotton. Na Red Kotton, alitoa nyimbo kama "September" na "Radio Flyer" katika mwaka wa 2014, na EP fupi iliyoitwa ''Kotton House, Vol. 1'' na studio ya kurikodi ya Jam Solutions. <ref name=":1" /> Baadaye, Mereba alianza kufanya kazi na Interscope Records katika mwaka wa 2018, na katika mwaka wa 2019 alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa ''The Jungle Is The Only Way Out'', ambayo alifanya na wanamuziki wengine kama Ayo Olatunji na Sam Hoffman. Hoffman alifanya muziki na Mereba katika ''Room for Living'' na miziki mingine mingi baadaye, pia. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Mereba and the Never-Ending Story of the Jungle|url=https://sheshreds.com/mereba/|work=She Shreds Media|date=2020-02-14|accessdate=2021-04-22|language=en|author=Steph Wong Ken}}</ref> == Uvutano == Mereba anasema alipenda muziki kutoka siku mama yake alipoleta albamu ya ''Bodyguard'' nyumbani wakati alipokuwa na umri wa 4.<ref name=":2" /> Alianza kufanya muziki kwa kuimba, kisha alianza kuandika nyimbo kutoka shuleni. Anataja wanamuziki kama Whitney Houston, Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, Tracey Chapman na watu kama hao kama wasani yake.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Pia, Mereba anasema familia na marafiki zake walikuwa na msaada mkubwa. Binamu yake alimsaida kujifunza kuwa rapa, na yeye alivutia mvuto kwa Ethiopia. Alijifunza vitu mingi sana wakati alipotembelea familia huko. <ref name=":0" /> == Diskografia == {| class="wikitable" |+Albamu Kamili<ref name=":1" /> !Jina |'''Albamu kwa kina''' |- |''The Jungle Is The Only Way Out'' | {| class="wikitable" |●     Kuachiliwa: Februari 19, 2019 ●     Studio ya kurikodi: Interscope |} |} {| class="wikitable" |+EP<ref name=":1" /> !Jina |'''Albamu kwa kina''' |- |''Room for Living'' |●     Kuachiliwa: Februari 14, 2013 ●     Studio ya kurikodi: Iliyotolewa mwenyewe |- |''Kotton House, Vol. 1'' |●     Kuachiliwa: Februari 10, 2017 ●     Studio ya kurikodi: Jam Solutions/Remote Control Muziki |} {| class="wikitable" |+Nyimbo<ref name=":1" /> !Jina !'''Kuachiliwa''' |- |“September” |Juni 3, 2014 |- |“Radio Flyer” |Juni 24, 2014 |- |“Living on a Dream (feat. Doug E. Fresh)” |Februari 28, 2017 |- |“Black Truck” |Februari 9, 2018 |- |“Late Bloomer” |Desemba 21, 2018 |- |“Bet” |Desemba 21, 2018 |- |“Yo Love (From: “Queen & Slim:The Soundtrack”)” |Novemba 11, 2019 |- |“Same Boat (feat. Mereba)” - Kojey Radical |Juni 11, 2020 |- |“Heatwave (feat. JID) - Acoustic” |Juni 19, 2020 |- |“Golden pt. 2 (feat. Mereba)” – Berhana |Novemba 11, 2020 |} ==Tanbihi== <references /> {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] g22j76g3wqeg9wdvvwjkk4bjy28ts7x Lauren Williams (journalist) 0 135971 1237941 1189217 2022-08-01T20:52:24Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Lauren Williams (mwandishi wa habari)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lauren Williams (mwandishi wa habari)]] cthgzdpyce6865zq19j4k7wazibrvz5 Eneo bunge la Kitutu Masaba 0 136139 1238025 1165452 2022-08-02T07:08:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Siasa ya Kenya}} '''Eneo bunge la Kitutu Masaba''' ni [[Majimbo ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya|jimbo la uchaguzi]] nchini [[Kenya]]. Ni moja kati ya majimbo ya uchaguzi ya [[Kaunti ya Nyamira]]. == Historia == Jimbo hili lilianzishwa wakati wa [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1988|Uchaguzi Mkuu wa 1988]]. == Wabunge wa Kitutu Masaba == {| class="wikitable" |- !Uchaguzi !Mbunge <ref>Mfumo wa Vyama vingi: [http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf Siasa na Wabunge wa Kenya, 1944-2007] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf |date=20080228121210 }}</ref> !Chama !Mchango |- | [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1988|1988]] || [[Augustus Momanyi]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama kimoja. |- | [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1992|1992]] || [[George Anyona]] || [[Kenya Social Congress|KSC]] || |- | [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1997|1997]] || [[George Anyona]] || [[Kenya Social Congress|KSC]] || |- | [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 2002|2002]] || [[Samson Nyangau Okioma]] || [[Forum for the Restoration of DemocracyûPeople|Ford-People]] || |- | [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 2007|2007]] || [[Walter Nyambati]] || [[National Labour Party|NLP]] || |} == Wodi za Uchaguzi == {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="2"| '''Wodi za Uchaguzi''' |- |colspan="2"| |- !Wodi !Wapiga Kura Waliosajiliwa ![[Local authorities of Kenya|Utawala wa Mji]] |- |Bocharia || 1,815 || Keroka (mji) |- |Gachuba || 10,527 || Nyamira (County) |- |Gesima || 7,229 || Nyamira (County) |- |Getare || 1,501 || [[Kisii, Kenya|Kisii]] (Munisipali) |- |Kemera || 8,673 || Nyamira (County) |- |Magombo || 8,912 || Nyamira (County) |- |Manga || 10,608 || Nyamira (County) |- |Mochenwa || 4,931 || Nyamira (County) |- |Nyankoba || 3,232 || Keroka (Mji) |- |Nyasore || 3,101 || Keroka (Mji) |- |Rigoma || 5,319 || Nyamira (County) |- | '''Total''' || '''65,848''' |- |colspan="2"| {{smaller|*Septemba 2005 <ref>Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya: [http://web.archive.org/web/20070929025048/http://www.agendaafrica.com/files/Voters.pdf Wapiga kura waliosajiliwa kulingana na vituo vya kupigia kura katika kila Wodi na Jimbo la Uchaguzi]</ref>. }} |} == Tazama pia == *[[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 1988]] *[[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya, 2007]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Nyamira]] [[Jamii:Maeneo bunge ya Kenya|K]] 4iwv7zq0jilpow74u82whvujyjhe0bk Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ratekreel 3 136866 1237919 1230424 2022-08-01T16:38:20Z MdsShakil 47883 MdsShakil alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baggaet]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ratekreel]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Baggaet|Baggaet]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ratekreel|Ratekreel]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 06:31, 30 Mei 2021 (UTC) 003sn3pzgh4fkeuvov6ic3hl5wlu4v5 Daphney Hlomuka 0 143860 1237852 1196640 2022-08-01T13:32:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}}{{vyanzo}} '''Daphney Hlomuka''' alizaliwa mwaka 1949 huko Afrika lakini alilelewa kwamashu wakati wa enzi ya ubaguzi wa rangi. Alianza kuigiza katika jumba la maonyesho la Durban mwaka wa 1968, na alichukuliwa kuwa mfuasi wa mwandishi wa tathilia ya Durban, welcome msomi. Sifa zake za uigizaji za mapema zilijumuisha uigizaji katika tamthilia mbili za tamthilia ya mwanazuoni: Qombeni na shakespeare la zulu macbeth. Umabatha ikiwa moja ya kazi maarufu za msomu. Hlomuka alifanya kazi katika vipindi vyaredio vya lugha ya kizulu wakati kati ya Qombeni na umabatha. Aliondoka Afrika kasini kwa muda mfupi katika miaka ya 1970 ili kuzuru na waigizaji wa Ipi tombi huko uropa. Katika miaka ya 1960 na 1970, majukumu kwenye skrini au jukwaa kwa waigizaji weusi nchini Afrika kusini mara nyingine yalikuwa magumu kupatikana kutokana na ubaguzi wa rangi. Hlomuka mara nyingi alionekana nje ya skrini kama mwigizaji wa redio katika mfululizo wa tamthilia kadhaa maarufu za kizulu. Hlomuka hatimaje alipata mafanikio katika televisheni ya Afrika kusini katika miaka 1980 alipoigiza kama maMhlongo katika kipindi cha tamthilia cha, Hlala kwabafileyo. Tabia yake, maMhlongo, alikuwa mke na mjane wa tajiri. hadi leo nchini Afrika kusini neno maMgobhozi, ambalo lilitokana na mfululizo na tabia ya Ruth cele, linaeleza tabia za umbea zinazohusishwa na wanawake. Alioneka pia katika vichekesho vya televisheni vya miaka ya 1980, S'gudi S'naysi, kinyume na mwigizaji, S'dumo. Tabia ya Hlomuka, Sis May, alikuwa mama mwenye nia njima na mvumilivu wa S'dumo. mfululizo huo ulikuwa maarufu wakati wa kukimbia. Sifa za filamu na televisheni za Hlomuka zilianzia miaka ya 1980, 1990, na 2000 (muongo). Alionekana katika filamu ya 1995, sweto Green kama kijakazi na mfanyakazi wa nyumbani anayeitwa Tryphina mwgizaji katika kipindi cha televisheni cha 1986 cha Afrika kusini shaka zulu pia aliqiza kwenye kipindi cha SABC 1, Gugu no Anile, kama shangazi yake . Alionekana pia katika kipindi cha televisheni kilichoungnishwa cha 19996, Tarzan: The Epic Adventures. [1] Majukumu take ya hivi majuzi zaidi yalijumuish Rhythm City pamoja na utohozi wa lugha ya nguni wenye utata wa mkasa wa kimapenzi wa shakespearean,Romeo na juliet. Daphney Hlomuka alikufa kwa saratani ya figo katika Hospitali ya carlotte Maxeke mjini johannesburg tarehe 1 oktoba 2008, akiwa na umri wa miaka 59. Aliacha mume wake, Elliot Ngubane, na watoto wao wanne. ==Marejeo== {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2008]] [[jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Afrika Kusini]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1949]] fr4itcswa1dzon5s4nebby8zqpwsx86 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Stang 3 144428 1237937 1199775 2022-08-01T20:37:30Z CassandraSweet 55214 /* Request to delete the page */ mjadala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:22, 27 Novemba 2021 (UTC) == Request to delete the page == Hi Stang, I created a page that shows up as user:Mariamme that was edited by you and another user called "Riccardo Riccioni" many years ago as a test and I never came back to delete the page as the user, more than 10 years ago. This page does not help anybody and it was just a trial or test page and was not meant to be posted on the internet. I was dumb then. The Swahili to English translation is so bad that it changes the original message. I would request in good faith that you delete the page. Thanks. '''[[Mtumiaji:CassandraSweet|CassandraSweet]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CassandraSweet|majadiliano]])''' 20:37, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) cqg8x07hcl7u70ibg4tjdoc0bk7tsmj Nyambari Nyangwine 0 146939 1237834 1214255 2022-08-01T13:09:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyambari Chacha Mariba Nyangwine''' (amezaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1976]]) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[CCM]] kutoka [[Tanzania]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la [[Tarime]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1740/2010-2015 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-02-28 |archivedate=2014-03-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330100533/http://parliament.go.tz/index.php/members/mpcvs/1740/2010-2015 }}</ref> Ni mmoja kati ya wachapishaji wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] vya kiada na ziada kwa [[Shule ya msingi|elimu ya msingi]] na [[Elimu ya sekondari|sekondari]] nchini Tanzania.<ref>https://elitestore.co.tz/publisher/212/books/nyambari-nyangwine-publishers</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:WikiVibrance_Tanzania]] r06p1q3fisw3hnxc82z8twr8vtmzi2f Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nunuty 3 147426 1238135 1237750 2022-08-02T11:32:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} :Ndugu, katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili hatutakiwi kuingiza madondoo ya tanbihi ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Pia zingatia lugha ieleweke kwa mtu asiyesoma kwanza ukurasa kwa Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:56, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Mbona husikii? '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Mbona unaendelea kufanya kinyume? Tena unaweka vichwa vya Kiingereza? Acha nikusimamishe kidogo kwanza. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:32, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 5xf3sxonp8c8xqxd491119awqh3pj3x Joash Onyango 0 147852 1237882 1215879 2022-08-01T14:03:51Z 41.222.180.175 Correct content wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joash Abong'o Onyango''' alizaliwa tarehe [[31 Januari]] [[1993]], ni mwanasoka wa kulipwa kutoka Kenya, kwa sasa anacheza kama beki kwa upande wa Ligi Kuu ya Tanzania, na ni mchezaji wa Timu ya Simba na timu ya taifa ya kandanda ya [[Kenya]]. ==Takwimu za kazi== ===Kimataifa=== ''Takwimu sahihi kufikia mechi iliyochezwa 11 Septemba 2018'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !colspan=3|[[Timu ya taifa ya kandanda ya Kenya|timu ya taifa ya Kenya]] |- !Mwaka!!Programu!!Malengo |- |2018||4||0 |- !Jumla||4||0 |} == Heshima == *[[Ligi Kuu ya Kenya]]: mshindi ([[2017 Kenyan Premier League|2017]], [[2018 Kenyan Premier League|2018]]) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Onyango, Joash}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] 5hx5xpuln8aq7ftl97ew60o2pehustx Nasra Agil 0 147955 1237871 1216257 2022-08-01T13:50:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasra Agile''' ni [[Msomali]] aliye [[mhandisi]] wa [[ujenzi]] na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Amehusika katika programu na mpango mbalimbali wa huduma za jamii, na alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Kimataifa ya Duke of Edinburgh - Kanada . == Maisha binafsi == Agile alizaliwa Somalia. Yeye na familia yake,, baadaye walihamia Kanada. <ref name="Fonadj">{{Cite news|author=Omar|title=Nasra Agile: A Canadian civil engineer rises to next level|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/308729|accessdate=2 March 2015|date=4 July 2011}}</ref> Akiwa kijana, Agile alisaidia kuzindua mipango mbalimbali ya huduma kwa jamii. Aliratibu [[programu]] za [[vijana]], warsha za ujuzi wa kuishi, michezo ya kielimu na shughuli za michezo. <ref name="Fonadj" /> Kwa elimu yake ya juu, Agile alisomea uhandisi wa ujenzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ryerson huko [[Toronto, Ontario|Toronto]] . Alihitimu kutoka kwa taasisi mnamo [[2005]], na kupata Shahada ya uzamili ya Uhandisi. <ref name="Fonadj" /> Nasra alihitimu kwa ufaulu wa juu wa darasa lake kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ryerson na amerekodiwa kama mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza kujulikana wa asili ya Kisomali kupata Shahada ya uhandisi nchini Kanada. Pia alipokea Tuzo za kifahari za Golden Key International Honor Society kwa ubora wa kitaaluma yake. <ref name="Hiiraan Digital Journal: Nasra Agile">{{Cite web|title=Nasra Agile: A Canadian civil engineer rises to next level|url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2011/july/nasra_agil_a_canadian_civil_engineer_rises_to_next_level.aspx|work=hiiraan Online: News and Information About Somalia|accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] oafq3wp7sjfbcl7dxlvrtbd2rnt0sxx Cheri Samba 0 147965 1237900 1224695 2022-08-01T14:28:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chéri Samba''' au ''Samba wa Mbimba N'zingo Nuni Masi Ndo Mbasi'' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mchoraji]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa [[msanii|wasanii]] wa kisasa wa Kiafrika wanaojulikana, na kazi zake zimejumuishwa katika mkusanyiko wa [[Center Georges Pompidou]] huko Paris na [[Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa]] huko New York. Idadi kubwa ya michoro yake pia inapatikana katika [[The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC)]] ya [[Jean Pigozzi]].<ref>[http://www.caacart.com/cheri-samba-african- art.php Mkusanyiko wa Sanaa wa Kiafrika, Geneva]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Picha na wasifu</ref> Amealikwa kushiriki katika 2007 [[Venice Biennale]]. Michoro yake karibu kila mara inajumuisha maandishi ya Kifaransa na [[Lingala]], akitoa maoni kuhusu maisha ya Afrika na ulimwengu wa kisasa. ==Maisha ya awali== Hapo awali, Samba aliitwa David Samba, lakini katika nchi yake kulikuwa na marufuku ya kuwapa watu jina la Kikristo, akaamua kulibadilisha na kuwa Samba wa Mbimba N’zingo Nuni Masi Ndo Mbasi. Baadaye, Samba alichukua jina la Cherí Samba, ambalo alitaka kulibadilisha kuwa Dessinateur Samba, lakini hakufanya hivyo kwa sababu ya uhusiano wake na umma. Jina lake la mwisho, Samba, lina maana mbili katika lugha ya [Kikongo], likirejelea tendo la sala au tendo la kuhukumiwa. Wazazi wa Samba walihusishwa na utamaduni wa Kongo, lakini Samba anachagua kujitambulisha na utamaduni wa Kinshasa, ambao ni mji mkuu wa nchi yake. Samba anadai kwamba aligeuzwa kuwa Mkatoliki, alipokuwa shuleni. Hakatai au kukana Ukristo, ambayo ndiyo dini aliyokulia, lakini anasema anajaribu kupinga jaribio lolote la kuweka lebo ya ungamo kwenye dini yake. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shule ya msingi ya Kikatoliki, Samba alienda shule ya upili. Samba alishika nafasi ya pili darasani, isipokuwa kwa mwaka mmoja ambapo hakuwa wa kwanza. Katika mwaka wake wa tatu, Samba aliacha kazi. Akiwa shuleni, Samba alikuwa akichora kila mara na alikumbuka kuwa baba yake hapendi kumuona akichora. Dini ya Cherí Samba ni ya Kikatoliki yenye mwelekeo wa Kizaire, ambao uliathiri picha zake nyingi kama vile Cherí Samba Anasihi [[Cosmos]]. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.cherisamba.net Chéri Samba] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19981202111847/http://www.fondation.cartier.fr/ Chéri Samba katika Fondation Cartier pour l'art Contemporain (Paris)] * [http://www.pascalpolar.be/site/artisteview.php?nom_de_tri=Ch%E9ri%20Samba Chéri Samba] katika ghala la Pascal Polar, Brussels, Ubelgiji * [http://galerie-herrmann.com/arts/samba Maonyesho katika Galerie Peter Hermann, Berlin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080215211451/http://www.fredrobarts.com/recent-articles.html Hogarth ya Kongo] - Jarida la Mapitio ya Sanaa, Julai 2007, na [http://www. fredrobarts.com Fred Robarts] * [http://www.universes-in-universe.de/car/venezia/eng/2007/first-tour/img-18.htm Venice Biennale 2007] - picha ya chumba cha Samba * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061225073422/http://www.africancotemporary.com/ African Contemporary | Matunzio ya Sanaa] - Picha za Chéri Samba * [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xbzu9a_jaime-cheri-samba-janvier-y-mai-200_creation/ Mahojiano ya Chéri Samba katika Cartier Foundation] * Onyesho la Cherí Samba, [https://www.moma.org/artists/25299]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] rfnzukx1it4r7060zdteqdlmtfamefh 1237901 1237900 2022-08-01T14:29:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chéri Samba''' au ''Samba wa Mbimba N'zingo Nuni Masi Ndo Mbasi'' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mchoraji]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa [[msanii|wasanii]] wa kisasa wa Kiafrika wanaojulikana, na kazi zake zimejumuishwa katika mkusanyiko wa [[Center Georges Pompidou]] huko Paris na [[Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa]] huko New York. Idadi kubwa ya michoro yake pia inapatikana katika [[The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC)]] ya [[Jean Pigozzi]]. Amealikwa kushiriki katika 2007 [[Venice Biennale]]. Michoro yake karibu kila mara inajumuisha maandishi ya Kifaransa na [[Lingala]], akitoa maoni kuhusu maisha ya Afrika na ulimwengu wa kisasa. ==Maisha ya awali== Hapo awali, Samba aliitwa David Samba, lakini katika nchi yake kulikuwa na marufuku ya kuwapa watu jina la Kikristo, akaamua kulibadilisha na kuwa Samba wa Mbimba N’zingo Nuni Masi Ndo Mbasi. Baadaye, Samba alichukua jina la Cherí Samba, ambalo alitaka kulibadilisha kuwa Dessinateur Samba, lakini hakufanya hivyo kwa sababu ya uhusiano wake na umma. Jina lake la mwisho, Samba, lina maana mbili katika lugha ya [Kikongo], likirejelea tendo la sala au tendo la kuhukumiwa. Wazazi wa Samba walihusishwa na utamaduni wa Kongo, lakini Samba anachagua kujitambulisha na utamaduni wa Kinshasa, ambao ni mji mkuu wa nchi yake. Samba anadai kwamba aligeuzwa kuwa Mkatoliki, alipokuwa shuleni. Hakatai au kukana Ukristo, ambayo ndiyo dini aliyokulia, lakini anasema anajaribu kupinga jaribio lolote la kuweka lebo ya ungamo kwenye dini yake. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shule ya msingi ya Kikatoliki, Samba alienda shule ya upili. Samba alishika nafasi ya pili darasani, isipokuwa kwa mwaka mmoja ambapo hakuwa wa kwanza. Katika mwaka wake wa tatu, Samba aliacha kazi. Akiwa shuleni, Samba alikuwa akichora kila mara na alikumbuka kuwa baba yake hapendi kumuona akichora. Dini ya Cherí Samba ni ya Kikatoliki yenye mwelekeo wa Kizaire, ambao uliathiri picha zake nyingi kama vile Cherí Samba Anasihi [[Cosmos]]. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.cherisamba.net Chéri Samba] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19981202111847/http://www.fondation.cartier.fr/ Chéri Samba katika Fondation Cartier pour l'art Contemporain (Paris)] * [http://www.pascalpolar.be/site/artisteview.php?nom_de_tri=Ch%E9ri%20Samba Chéri Samba] katika ghala la Pascal Polar, Brussels, Ubelgiji * [http://galerie-herrmann.com/arts/samba Maonyesho katika Galerie Peter Hermann, Berlin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080215211451/http://www.fredrobarts.com/recent-articles.html Hogarth ya Kongo] - Jarida la Mapitio ya Sanaa, Julai 2007, na [http://www. fredrobarts.com Fred Robarts] * [http://www.universes-in-universe.de/car/venezia/eng/2007/first-tour/img-18.htm Venice Biennale 2007] - picha ya chumba cha Samba * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061225073422/http://www.africancotemporary.com/ African Contemporary | Matunzio ya Sanaa] - Picha za Chéri Samba * [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xbzu9a_jaime-cheri-samba-janvier-y-mai-200_creation/ Mahojiano ya Chéri Samba katika Cartier Foundation] * Onyesho la Cherí Samba, [https://www.moma.org/artists/25299]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] bsmhlnvt2psk2ma6kpc70b5hm4e1i87 Asabea Cropper 0 148907 1238108 1224564 2022-08-02T10:55:12Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asabea Cropper''' (Anafahamika kama '''Queen Asabea''') ni mwanamke mwimbaji wa ghana pamoja na saxophonist [[Highlife|high-life]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Photos: Older artistes must support young ones - Asabea Cropper - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/photos-older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-13|title=Asabea Cropper For 'Della For Womanity Concert' Tomorrow|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-for-della-for-womanity-concert-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MyNewsGH|date=2019-07-25|title=Asabea Cropper for SSUE's Signature Concert|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/asabea-cropper-for-ssues-signature-concert/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amoah-Ramey|first=Nana Abena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFpgDwAAQBAJ&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA69|title=Female Highlife Performers in Ghana: Expression, Resistance, and Advocacy|date=2018-07-27|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4985-6467-0|language=en}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa 'upendo na shauku' yake kwa mitindo ya kichwa kama mtindo wa Kilimanjaro. Alidai kuwa bibi yake na mama yake walimfundisha mwaka 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-14|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me – Asabea Cropper {{!}} Songs.com.gh - Ghana celebrity News & Music Downloads|url=https://www.songs.com.gh/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Older artistes must support young ones—Asabea Cropper|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper.html?fbclid=IwAR1TMnNksWudI024ba4rsh_zjjfbrOO0Zb-mDa2TqNyId-_xgGLJIlAOOdI|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SBZ|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me Asabea Cropper {{!}} Showbiz.com.GH|url=https://www.showbiz.com.gh/tag/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> During the [[African Union of Broadcasting|URTNA Awards]], Aliheshimiwa kama 'Malkia wa Muziki wa Highlife’.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi == Alijifunza jinsi ya kucheza piano, gitaa la acoustic na soprano saxophone. Alifundishwa na kaka yake, Kenteman. Katika miaka ya 1970, walifanya timu ambapo wote wawili walicheza kwa Sweet Talks na Black Hustlers Band..<ref name=":1" /> == Maisha binafsi == Yeye ni dada pacha wa Kenteman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GhanaWeb Blog: Asabea Cropper For Cup A Jazz|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000008644|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iANXthFqycC&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA4|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 643 September 30-October 6 2010|date=2010-09-30|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref> She claimed to be a [[Ga-Adangbe people|Ga-Adangbe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanafame.com/veteran-asabea-cropper-to-release-a-song-this-year/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanafame.com|title=Veteran Asabea Cropper to release a song this year|date=28 March 2015}}</ref> == Wasifu == * ''Torwia'' * ''Inamosi'' * ''Wamaya''<ref name=":0" /> * I Love So Much == Heshima == Mnamo 2019, aliheshimiwa katika toleo la 2019 la onyesho la mitindo ya Rhythms On Da Runway na [Kofi Okyere Darko| KOD's]] Kumi na tisa57 kwa mchango wake katika mitindo nchini Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Asabea Cropper, Kenteman To Be Honoured|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-kenteman-to-be-honoured/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=BitMEX Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex|access-date=2021-03-18|website=New Ghanaweb|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia aliheshimiwa na [MUSIGA] Rais Grand Ball. Alipokea Tuzo ya Heroes ya Sekta ya Muziki katika toleo la pili la kuheshimu hadithi za muziki nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Asabea Cropper, Kwadwo Akwaboah, Pat Thomas, 3 Others To Be Honoured At MUSIGA Presidential Grand Ball|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/asabea-cropper-kwadwo-akwaboah-pat-thomas-3-others-to-be-honoured-at-musiga-presidential-grand-ball/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NY DJ Live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2021, aliheshimiwa na waandaaji wa [[3 Tuzo za Muziki]] katika hafla inayoitwa 3 Music Women's Brunch. Aliheshimiwa kwa mafanikio yake katika tasnia ya burudani pamoja na [[Theresa Ayoade]], [[Grace Omaboe]], [[Akosua Agyapong| Akosua Adjepong]], [[Dzifa Gomashie]], [[Tagoe Sisters]] na wengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=3Music Women's Brunch: Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Agyepong, Tagoe Sisters, others honoured|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/3music-womens-brunch-honours-women/r3jr2xs|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki q65qfbrau48qsvf5iyxbm7lx1w6bpgz 1238138 1238108 2022-08-02T11:42:52Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asabea Cropper''' (Anafahamika kama ''Queen Asabea'') ni [[mwanamke]] mwimbaji wa ghana pamoja na saxophonist [[Highlife|high-life]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Photos: Older artistes must support young ones - Asabea Cropper - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/photos-older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-13|title=Asabea Cropper For 'Della For Womanity Concert' Tomorrow|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-for-della-for-womanity-concert-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MyNewsGH|date=2019-07-25|title=Asabea Cropper for SSUE's Signature Concert|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/asabea-cropper-for-ssues-signature-concert/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amoah-Ramey|first=Nana Abena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFpgDwAAQBAJ&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA69|title=Female Highlife Performers in Ghana: Expression, Resistance, and Advocacy|date=2018-07-27|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4985-6467-0|language=en}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa 'upendo na shauku' yake kwa mitindo ya kichwa kama mtindo wa Kilimanjaro. Alidai kuwa bibi yake na mama yake walimfundisha mwaka 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-14|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me – Asabea Cropper {{!}} Songs.com.gh - Ghana celebrity News & Music Downloads|url=https://www.songs.com.gh/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Older artistes must support young ones—Asabea Cropper|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper.html?fbclid=IwAR1TMnNksWudI024ba4rsh_zjjfbrOO0Zb-mDa2TqNyId-_xgGLJIlAOOdI|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SBZ|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me Asabea Cropper {{!}} Showbiz.com.GH|url=https://www.showbiz.com.gh/tag/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> During the [[African Union of Broadcasting|URTNA Awards]], Aliheshimiwa kama 'Malkia wa Muziki wa Highlife’.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi == Alijifunza jinsi ya kucheza piano, gitaa la acoustic na soprano saxophone. Alifundishwa na [[kaka]] yake, Kenteman. Katika miaka ya 1970, walifanya timu ambapo wote wawili walicheza kwa Sweet Talks na Black Hustlers Band..<ref name=":1" /> == Maisha Binafsi == Yeye ni [[dada]] pacha wa Kenteman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GhanaWeb Blog: Asabea Cropper For Cup A Jazz|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000008644|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iANXthFqycC&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA4|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 643 September 30-October 6 2010|date=2010-09-30|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref> She claimed to be a [[Ga-Adangbe people|Ga-Adangbe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanafame.com/veteran-asabea-cropper-to-release-a-song-this-year/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanafame.com|title=Veteran Asabea Cropper to release a song this year|date=28 March 2015}}</ref> == Heshima == Mnamo 2019, aliheshimiwa katika toleo la 2019 la onyesho la mitindo ya Rhythms On Da Runway na [Kofi Okyere Darko| KOD's]] Kumi na tisa57 kwa mchango wake katika mitindo nchini Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Asabea Cropper, Kenteman To Be Honoured|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-kenteman-to-be-honoured/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=BitMEX Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex|access-date=2021-03-18|website=New Ghanaweb|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia aliheshimiwa na [MUSIGA] Rais Grand Ball. Alipokea Tuzo ya Heroes ya Sekta ya Muziki katika toleo la pili la kuheshimu hadithi za muziki nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Asabea Cropper, Kwadwo Akwaboah, Pat Thomas, 3 Others To Be Honoured At MUSIGA Presidential Grand Ball|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/asabea-cropper-kwadwo-akwaboah-pat-thomas-3-others-to-be-honoured-at-musiga-presidential-grand-ball/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NY DJ Live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2021, aliheshimiwa na waandaaji wa [[3 Tuzo za Muziki]] katika hafla inayoitwa 3 Music Women's Brunch. Aliheshimiwa kwa mafanikio yake katika tasnia ya burudani pamoja na [[Theresa Ayoade]], [[Grace Omaboe]], [[Akosua Agyapong| Akosua Adjepong]], [[Dzifa Gomashie]], [[Tagoe Sisters]] na wengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=3Music Women's Brunch: Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Agyepong, Tagoe Sisters, others honoured|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/3music-womens-brunch-honours-women/r3jr2xs|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] f3bjolffotz1wk4k8lnxfifij31b5on 1238139 1238138 2022-08-02T11:45:42Z Idd ninga 30188 Idd ninga alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Asabea cropper]] hadi [[Asabea Cropper]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asabea Cropper''' (Anafahamika kama ''Queen Asabea'') ni [[mwanamke]] mwimbaji wa ghana pamoja na saxophonist [[Highlife|high-life]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Photos: Older artistes must support young ones - Asabea Cropper - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/photos-older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-13|title=Asabea Cropper For 'Della For Womanity Concert' Tomorrow|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-for-della-for-womanity-concert-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MyNewsGH|date=2019-07-25|title=Asabea Cropper for SSUE's Signature Concert|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/asabea-cropper-for-ssues-signature-concert/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amoah-Ramey|first=Nana Abena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFpgDwAAQBAJ&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA69|title=Female Highlife Performers in Ghana: Expression, Resistance, and Advocacy|date=2018-07-27|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4985-6467-0|language=en}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa 'upendo na shauku' yake kwa mitindo ya kichwa kama mtindo wa Kilimanjaro. Alidai kuwa bibi yake na mama yake walimfundisha mwaka 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-14|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me – Asabea Cropper {{!}} Songs.com.gh - Ghana celebrity News & Music Downloads|url=https://www.songs.com.gh/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Older artistes must support young ones—Asabea Cropper|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/older-artistes-must-support-young-ones-asabea-cropper.html?fbclid=IwAR1TMnNksWudI024ba4rsh_zjjfbrOO0Zb-mDa2TqNyId-_xgGLJIlAOOdI|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SBZ|title=Mama Zimbi learned Kilimanjaro headgears from me Asabea Cropper {{!}} Showbiz.com.GH|url=https://www.showbiz.com.gh/tag/mama-zimbi-learned-kilimanjaro-headgears-from-me-asabea-cropper/|access-date=2021-03-18|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> During the [[African Union of Broadcasting|URTNA Awards]], Aliheshimiwa kama 'Malkia wa Muziki wa Highlife’.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi == Alijifunza jinsi ya kucheza piano, gitaa la acoustic na soprano saxophone. Alifundishwa na [[kaka]] yake, Kenteman. Katika miaka ya 1970, walifanya timu ambapo wote wawili walicheza kwa Sweet Talks na Black Hustlers Band..<ref name=":1" /> == Maisha Binafsi == Yeye ni [[dada]] pacha wa Kenteman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GhanaWeb Blog: Asabea Cropper For Cup A Jazz|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000008644|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dadson|first=Nanabanyin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iANXthFqycC&q=Asabea+Cropper&pg=PA4|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 643 September 30-October 6 2010|date=2010-09-30|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref> She claimed to be a [[Ga-Adangbe people|Ga-Adangbe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanafame.com/veteran-asabea-cropper-to-release-a-song-this-year/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.ghanafame.com|title=Veteran Asabea Cropper to release a song this year|date=28 March 2015}}</ref> == Heshima == Mnamo 2019, aliheshimiwa katika toleo la 2019 la onyesho la mitindo ya Rhythms On Da Runway na [Kofi Okyere Darko| KOD's]] Kumi na tisa57 kwa mchango wake katika mitindo nchini Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=Asabea Cropper, Kenteman To Be Honoured|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/asabea-cropper-kenteman-to-be-honoured/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-31|title=BitMEX Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex|access-date=2021-03-18|website=New Ghanaweb|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia aliheshimiwa na [MUSIGA] Rais Grand Ball. Alipokea Tuzo ya Heroes ya Sekta ya Muziki katika toleo la pili la kuheshimu hadithi za muziki nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Asabea Cropper, Kwadwo Akwaboah, Pat Thomas, 3 Others To Be Honoured At MUSIGA Presidential Grand Ball|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/asabea-cropper-kwadwo-akwaboah-pat-thomas-3-others-to-be-honoured-at-musiga-presidential-grand-ball/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NY DJ Live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2021, aliheshimiwa na waandaaji wa [[3 Tuzo za Muziki]] katika hafla inayoitwa 3 Music Women's Brunch. Aliheshimiwa kwa mafanikio yake katika tasnia ya burudani pamoja na [[Theresa Ayoade]], [[Grace Omaboe]], [[Akosua Agyapong| Akosua Adjepong]], [[Dzifa Gomashie]], [[Tagoe Sisters]] na wengine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-09|title=3Music Women's Brunch: Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Agyepong, Tagoe Sisters, others honoured|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/3music-womens-brunch-honours-women/r3jr2xs|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] f3bjolffotz1wk4k8lnxfifij31b5on Bullet (mwanamuziki) 0 148932 1238014 1224664 2022-08-02T06:57:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bullet (musician)]] hadi [[Bullet (mwanamuziki)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricky Nana Agyemang''', pia anafahamika kwa jina la '''Bullet'''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=I never asked Ms Forson to divorce her husband - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> is a [[Ghana]]ian [[Musician]], [[Songwriter]], [[Talent manager|Artiste Manager]] and a [[Record label|record Label]] owner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201911/395700.php|title=Ruff N Smooth Is Dead - Bullet|last=Online|first=Peace FM|website=www.peacefmonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> He was a member of the music group [[Ruff n Smooth]] with [[Ahkan]].<ref name="auto === Kazi ya awali === Bullet alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama ''Etuo Aboba''' (ikimaanisha "Bullet" in [[Twi]]). Alitoa albamu chini ya jina hili yenye jina la 'Wo Beko Wo Maame Ho'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Etuo-Aboba-Makes-Debut-191156|title=Etuo Aboba Makes Debut|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Mnamo 2008, aliunda kikundi [[Ruff n Smooth]] na [[Ahkan]]. Wawili hao walitoa nyimbo kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na "Swagger", "Sex Machine", "Azingele", "Dance for Me", na "Naija Baby".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/02/music-groups-kill-talents-ahkan-ruff-n-smooth/|title=Music groups 'kill' talents – Ahkan of Ruff N Smooth|date=2018-02-27|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> == Rekodi lebo == Bullet ni [Mwanzilishi Mtendaji| mwanzilishi]] na [[Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu| Mkurugenzi Mtendaji]] wa [[RuffTown Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php|title=Fantana misunderstood my Instagram post - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171341/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php}}</ref> His first signed artist was the late [[Ebony Reigns]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/ghanaians-ungrateful-signed-ebony-talent-not-body-ruff-town-records/|title=Ghanaians Are Ungrateful! We Sign Artists For Their Talents, Not Their Body-Ruff Town Records.|last=GH|first=Author Entertainment|date=2018-01-22|website=Entertainment Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> He later signed Danny Beat, Brella, Ms Forson,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|title=bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171338/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|archive-date=24 December 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171344/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php}}</ref> [[Wendy Shay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html#&ts=undefined|title=i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804084406/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=}}</ref> [[Fantana (Ghanaian musician)|Fantana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php|title=Fantana Is RuffTown Record's 'Newest Ebony'|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628065811/http://peacefmonline.com:80/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php |archive-date=28 June 2019 |access-date=}}</ref> and Ray James to the label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html|title=No Rufftown, no record label—Ray James|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171348/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvghana.com/video-why-brella-left-rufftown-records/|title=why-brella-left-rufftown-records|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108160547/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|archive-date=8 November 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> ==Marejeo== Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki 3lm8t8xx3wue5ksxa56e7r8m20askry 1238017 1238014 2022-08-02T06:58:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricky Nana Agyemang''' (anafahamika kwa jina la '''Bullet'''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=I never asked Ms Forson to divorce her husband - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201911/395700.php|title=Ruff N Smooth Is Dead - Bullet|last=Online|first=Peace FM|website=www.peacefmonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Alikuwa na kundi la [[Ruff n Smooth]] pamoja na [[Ahkan]].<ref name="auto === Kazi ya awali === Bullet alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama ''Etuo Aboba''' (ikimaanisha "Bullet" in [[Twi]]). Alitoa albamu chini ya jina hili yenye jina la 'Wo Beko Wo Maame Ho'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Etuo-Aboba-Makes-Debut-191156|title=Etuo Aboba Makes Debut|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Mnamo 2008, aliunda kikundi [[Ruff n Smooth]] na [[Ahkan]]. Wawili hao walitoa nyimbo kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na "Swagger", "Sex Machine", "Azingele", "Dance for Me", na "Naija Baby".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/02/music-groups-kill-talents-ahkan-ruff-n-smooth/|title=Music groups 'kill' talents – Ahkan of Ruff N Smooth|date=2018-02-27|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> == Rekodi lebo == Bullet ni [Mwanzilishi Mtendaji| mwanzilishi]] na [[Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu| Mkurugenzi Mtendaji]] wa [[RuffTown Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php|title=Fantana misunderstood my Instagram post - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171341/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php}}</ref> His first signed artist was the late [[Ebony Reigns]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/ghanaians-ungrateful-signed-ebony-talent-not-body-ruff-town-records/|title=Ghanaians Are Ungrateful! We Sign Artists For Their Talents, Not Their Body-Ruff Town Records.|last=GH|first=Author Entertainment|date=2018-01-22|website=Entertainment Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Baadaye alisaini kwa Danny Beat, Brella, Ms Forson,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|title=bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171338/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|archive-date=24 December 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171344/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php}}</ref> [[Wendy Shay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html#&ts=undefined|title=i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804084406/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=}}</ref> [[Fantana (Ghanaian musician)|Fantana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php|title=Fantana Is RuffTown Record's 'Newest Ebony'|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628065811/http://peacefmonline.com:80/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php |archive-date=28 June 2019 |access-date=}}</ref> and Ray James to the label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html|title=No Rufftown, no record label—Ray James|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171348/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvghana.com/video-why-brella-left-rufftown-records/|title=why-brella-left-rufftown-records|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108160547/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|archive-date=8 November 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] gt6efgfjit7zfiim3buy40r2kci2aea 1238018 1238017 2022-08-02T07:00:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricky Nana Agyemang''' (anafahamika kwa jina la '''Bullet'''<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=I never asked Ms Forson to divorce her husband - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201911/395700.php|title=Ruff N Smooth Is Dead - Bullet|last=Online|first=Peace FM|website=www.peacefmonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> == Kazi ya awali == Bullet alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama ''Etuo Aboba''' (ikimaanisha "Bullet" in [[Twi]]). Alitoa albamu chini ya jina hili yenye jina la 'Wo Beko Wo Maame Ho'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Etuo-Aboba-Makes-Debut-191156|title=Etuo Aboba Makes Debut|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Mnamo 2008, aliunda kikundi [[Ruff n Smooth]] na [[Ahkan]]. Wawili hao walitoa nyimbo kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na "Swagger", "Sex Machine", "Azingele", "Dance for Me", na "Naija Baby".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/02/music-groups-kill-talents-ahkan-ruff-n-smooth/|title=Music groups 'kill' talents – Ahkan of Ruff N Smooth|date=2018-02-27|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> == Rekodi lebo == Bullet ni [[mwanzilishi]] na [[Mkurugenzi Mtendaji]] wa [[RuffTown Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php|title=Fantana misunderstood my Instagram post - Bullet|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171341/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/October-30th/fantana-misunderstood-my-instagram-post-bullet.php}}</ref> His first signed artist was the late [[Ebony Reigns]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entertainmentgh.com/news/ghanaians-ungrateful-signed-ebony-talent-not-body-ruff-town-records/|title=Ghanaians Are Ungrateful! We Sign Artists For Their Talents, Not Their Body-Ruff Town Records.|last=GH|first=Author Entertainment|date=2018-01-22|website=Entertainment Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-24}}</ref> Baadaye alisaini kwa Danny Beat, Brella, Ms Forson,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|title=bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171338/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php|archive-date=24 December 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171344/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-11th/bullet-never-asked-me-to-divorce-my-husband-miss-forson.php}}</ref> [[Wendy Shay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html#&ts=undefined|title=i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804084406/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/i-received-death-threats-because-of-ebony-reigns-wendy-shay.html |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=}}</ref> [[Fantana (Ghanaian musician)|Fantana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php|title=Fantana Is RuffTown Record's 'Newest Ebony'|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628065811/http://peacefmonline.com:80/pages/showbiz/music/201906/385524.php |archive-date=28 June 2019 |access-date=}}</ref> and Ray James to the label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html|title=No Rufftown, no record label—Ray James|website=Graphic Showbiz Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-24|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171348/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/no-rufftown-no-record-label-ray-james.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvghana.com/video-why-brella-left-rufftown-records/|title=why-brella-left-rufftown-records|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|title=i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108160547/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php|archive-date=8 November 2019|access-date=|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2019-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224171334/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/November-8th/i-never-asked-ms-forson-to-divorce-her-husband-bullet.php}}</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 4a965v2yozktfwa3r6obbkfk2j2nq89 Eno Barony 0 149032 1238137 1232963 2022-08-02T11:36:16Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Eno Adjoa Amankwah Nyame Adom''' (aliyezaliwa 30 Oktoba 1995), anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina lake la kisanii Eno Barony, ni mwanamuziki wa [[rapa]] na [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo kutoka [[Ghana]].Mzaliwa wa [[Tema]], Accra, alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza, "Wats Ma Name" na pia "Tonga", mchanganyiko wa wimbo "Tonga" wa [[Joey B]] ft [[Sarkodie]] mnamo 2014 ambao ulimpandisha umaarufu.Ilidaiwa kuwa alikuwa rapper wa kwanza wa kike kufikisha maoni milioni moja kwenye [[YouTube]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Rapa Eno Barony alizaliwa Ruth Eno Adjoa Amankwah Nyame Adom katika bandari ya [[Ghana]] na jiji kuu la biashara la [[Tema]], kwa baba, Mchungaji Abraham Nyame Adom na mama, Bi. Rebecca Nyame Adom. Eno alianza masomo yake katika Shule ya Maandalizi ya Shallom na akaendelea na Chuo cha Cambridge kwa elimu yake ya chini ya msingi. Alimaliza Shule yake ya Upili ya Junior katika Methodist J.H.S na kuendelea na elimu yake ya upili katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Methodist Day huko [[Tema]] na akaendelea kupata elimu yake ya juu katika [[Kumasi Polytechnic]].<ref name="profileability">{{cite web|url=https://profileability.com/eno-barony/|author=Profileability|title=Eno Barony|website=profileability.com|accessdate=2018-01-07}}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Ingawa hapo awali alikuwa amerekodi nyimbo zingine, Eno alikuja kujulikana zaidi alipotoa wimbo wake wa kwanza, "Tonga", mnamo 2014, ambao ulipokea kibiashara [[airplay]].<ref name="ghanandwom">{{cite web| url=http://www.ghanandwom.net/eno-tonga-refix-prod-by-masta-garzy/|first=Fiifi|last=Adinkra|title=Eno - Tonga (Refix) (Prod By Masta Garzy) - GhanaNdwom.com|website=ghanandwom.net|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> Baadaye alirekodi nyimbo zaidi zikiwemo "Megye Wo Boy" mwaka wa 2015, ambapo alishirikiana na [[Abrewa Nana]].<ref name="ghanamotion2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/eno-m3gye-wo-boy-ft-abrewa-nana-prod-by-masta-garzy/|title=Eno - M3gye Wo Boy ft Abrewa Nana (Imetayarishwa na Masta Garzy)|website=ghanamotion.com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> Mnamo 2015, mamake alifariki.<ref name="ghanafilla">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanafilla.net/enos-mum-passes-away/|title=Mamake Eno Amefariki Dunia {{pipe}} Ghana HomePage|website=ghanafilla.net|accessdate=2017-09- 19|archivedate=2017-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150119/http://www.ghanafilla.net/enos-mum-passes-away/}}</ref> Baada ya miezi kadhaa hs za maombolezo, alivunja ukimya kwa wimbo wa hip hop unaoitwa "The Best" na msanii aliyeshinda tuzo nyingi [[Togo]] na Balozi wa Chapa nchini Togocel, Mic Flammez.<ref name="ghanamotion3">{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/eno-the-best-ft-mic-flammez-prod-by-masta-garzy/|title=ENo - The Best ft Mic Flammez (Prod By Masta Garzy)| website=ghanamotion.com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> Alirekodi wimbo mmoja, "Daawa", na [[Shatta Wale]] mwaka wa 2016.<ref name="loudsoundgh">{{citeweb|url=https://loudsoundgh.com/2015/12/eno-daawa-featuring-shatta-wale/|title=Eno 'Daawa' Akishirikiana na Shatta Wale|website=Sauti Kuu GH|accessdate=2017-09-19 }}</ref> Mwaka huohuo, alishirikiana na rapa [[Kwaw Kese]] kwenye wimbo unaoitwa "GARI".<ref name="loudsoundgh2">{{cite web|url=https://loudsoundgh.com /2016/04/eno-gari-featuring-kwaw-kese-prod-masta-garzy/|title=Eno – Gari ( Featuring Kwaw Kese ) Imetayarishwa na Masta Garzy|website=Loud Sound GH|accessdate=2017-09-19 }}</ref> Pia alishirikiana kwenye nyimbo zingine mbili, "Touch the Body" na [[Stonebwoy]],<ref name="ndwomfie">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndwomfie.com /2016/08/music-download-eno-ft-stonebwoy-touch.html|title=&#91;Music Pakua&#93;: Eno ft Stonebwoy – Touch The Body (Prod.by Masta Garzy)|website=NDWOMFIE| accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> na "Mfalme wa Malkia" na [[Medikal]].<ref name="tooxclusive">{{cite web|url=http://gh.tooxclusive.com /pakua-mp3/eno-king-queens-ft-medikal-prod-cabum/|title=PAKUA Eno – King of Queens ft . Medikal (Prod By Cabum) Gh tooXclusive {{pipe}} Muziki wa Hivi Punde wa Ghana|website=gh.tooxclusive.com|accessdate=2017-09-19|archivedate=2017-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918072832/http://gh.tooxclusive.com/}}</ref> Mnamo 2017, alitoa wimbo unaoitwa "Juice Me "<ref name="ghanamotion4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/eno-juice-me-prod-by-2mg-music/|title=Eno - Juicy Me (Prod. by 2MG Music)|website=ghanamotion.com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> ikifuatiwa na wimbo mwingine wenye [[Ebony Reigns]], unaoitwa "Obiaa Ba Ny3".<ref name="ndwomfie2" >{{cite web|url=http://www.ndwomfie.com/2017/06/music-download-eno-x-ebony-obiaa-ba-ny3.html|title=&#91;Pakua Muziki&#93 ;: Eno x Ebony – Obiaa Ba Ny3 (Prod. by Mix Masta Garzy)|website=NDWOMFIE|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> == Tuzo, uteuzi na mafanikio == Ingawa alijulikana kwa kurap, alitekeleza mradi wa Save Mama Today na [[Stay Jay]], FlowKing Stone, [[Dr Cryme]] na wasanii wengine mashuhuri.<ref name="ghtrend">{{cite web|url=http: //m.ghtrend.com/index.php?page=seeMore&id=15831&page_num=100&cat_name=4.%20Entertainment|website=m.ghtrend.com|title=GhTrend|accessdate=2017-09-19|archivedate=2017-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015151058/http://m.ghtrend.com/index.php?page=seeMore&id=15831&page_num=100&cat_name=4.%20Entertainment}}</ref> Mnamo 2014, aliteuliwa kwa [[Vodafone Ghana Music Awards]] toleo la kwanza la kitengo ambacho hakijaimbwa.<ref name="ghanagist">{{cite web|url=http://ghanagist.com/charter-house-introduces -unsung-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2014/|title=Charter House inatanguliza The Unsung for Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2014|website=GhanaGist.Com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> Alitumbuiza pamoja [[Popcaan]] na [[Jah Vinci]] katika Wiki ya Muziki ya Ghana iliyofanyika [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Accra]]. Pia aliongoza tamasha la Closeup pamoja na rapa wa Ghana, [[Sarkodie (rapa)|Sarkodie]]. Aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo za Jigwe. Ushirikiano wake na Mcee Mic Flammez wa Togo ulipata uteuzi wa video Bora [[Muziki wa Hip hop|Hiphop]] katika Tuzo za Video za Muziki za 4Syte.<ref name="patrickfynn">{{cite web|url=http://www.patrickfynn .com/2016/03/eno-force-to-reckon-in-ghanas-rap.html|title=Eno, Nguvu ya Kuhesabika nayo katika Muziki wa Rap wa Ghana|website=Patrick Fynn|accessdate=2017-09- 19}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aligombea tuzo ya Rapa Bora wa Kike na akateuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Jigwe ya Mwigizaji Bora Mpya mwaka uliofuata. Mnamo 2015, alicheza kwa mwaka wa tatu mfululizo katika Tamasha la Wiki ya Muziki ya Ghana. . Alitumbuiza katika [[Ghana DJ Awards]] na kwenye Tamasha la Uhuru la Ghana (S Concert). Mwaka huo huo aliongoza mkutano wa [[Joy FM (Ghana))|Joy FM]] Old School pamoja na [[Stonebwoy]] na kushiriki katika Temafest ya [[Adom FM]] mwaka wa 2016 pamoja na wasanii wengine. Alifanywa kuwa kamishna wa muziki wa Ghana Meets Naija 2017.<ref name="ghanaweb">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Eno-arrives-on-stage-in -a-jeneza-at-Ghana-meets-Naija-542041|title=Eno akiwasili jukwaani kwenye jeneza huko Ghana akutana na Naija {{pipe}} Burudani 2017-05-28|website=ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2017- 09-19}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="bitmexbot">{{cite web|url=https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex|title=Bitmex Bot|website=playonbit.com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> Rapa Bora Aliyeteuliwa katika Wadi za Muziki za Vodafone Ghana 2018. Mnamo Novemba 2020, alishinda tuzo ya [[All Africa Music Awards|African Muzik Magazine Awards (AFRIMMA)]]] ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Rap wa Kike barani Afrika.<ref name=":0 ">{{cite web |date=2020-11-16|title=Eno Barony ashinda Rap Bora ya Kike katika AFRIMMA 2020|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/eno-barony-wins- best-female-rap-act-at-afrimma-2020/|access-date=2020-11-16|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2021, alikuwa miongoni mwa Wanawake 30 Bora Zaidi Wenye Ushawishi Zaidi Katika Muziki na [[3Music Awards]] Brunch ya Wanawake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amaarae, Cina Soul, Gyakie, Adina, Theresa Ayoade, wengine waliotajwa katika orodha 30 bora ya Tuzo za Muziki za Wanawake 30 - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/amaarae-cina-soul-gyakie-adina-theresa-ayoade-others-watajwa-katika-tuzo-za-3music -top-30-women-in-music-list/|access-date=2021-03-24|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alishinda tuzo katika 2021 [[3Tuzo za Muziki]] kuwa msanii wa kwanza wa kike nchini Ghana kushinda tuzo ya 'Rapper of the Year'. Anakuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Ghana kutunukiwa tuzo ya Rapper Bora katika [[Vodafone Ghana Music Awards|VGMA]] akiwashinda wasanii kama [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]], [[Amerado (mwanamuziki)|Amerado]], Medikal , [[Strongman (rapa wa Ghana)|Strongman]] na [[Joey B]] mwaka wa 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=VGMA22: Eno Barony aweka historia kama mwanamke wa kwanza kushinda tuzo ya Utendaji Bora wa Rap - MyJoyOnline. com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vgma22-eno-barony-makes-history-kama-first-female-to-win-best-rap-performance-award/|access-date=2021-07 -02|tovuti=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Uteuzi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Mwaka !Shirika !Kategoria !Kazi Aliyeteuliwa !matokeo !Kumb |- ! rowspan="5" |2021 ! rowspan="4" |[[Tuzo za Muziki za Vodafone Ghana|VGMA]] !Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka wa Hiplife !Enough is Enough ft.[[Wendy Shay]] !{{Nom}} !<ref name="myjoyonline2">{{cite web|title=VGMA22: Tazama orodha ya walioteuliwa|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vgma22-see-the-list-of-nominees/|tovuti =MyJoyOnline|publisher=MyJoyOnline|access-date=Aprili 5, 2021}}</ref> |- !Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka wa Hip-hop !Lazimisha Dem kucheza upuuzi na Dada Derby & Strongman !{{Nom}} !<ref name="myjoyonline2">{{cite web|title=VGMA22: Tazama orodha ya walioteuliwa|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vgma22-see-the-list-of-nominees/|tovuti =MyJoyOnline|publisher=MyJoyOnline|access-date=Aprili 5, 2021}}</ref> |- !Utendaji Bora wa Rap !Mungu ni Mwanamke !{{Alishinda}} !<ref name="myjoyonline2">{{cite web|title=VGMA22: Tazama orodha ya walioteuliwa|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vgma22-see-the-list-of-nominees/|tovuti =MyJoyOnline|publisher=MyJoyOnline|access-date=Aprili 5, 2021}}</ref> |- !Msanii Bora wa Mwaka wa Hiplife/Hip-hop !Mwenyewe !{{Nom}} !<ref name="myjoyonline2">{{cite web|title=VGMA22: Tazama orodha ya walioteuliwa|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vgma22-see-the-list-of-nominees/|tovuti =MyJoyOnline|publisher=MyJoyOnline|access-date=Aprili 5, 2021}}</ref> |- ![[3Tuzo za Muziki|3Tuzo la Muziki]] !Rapper wa Mwaka !Mwenyewe !{{Alishinda}} !<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eno Barony ashinda tuzo ya Rapper of the Year - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/eno-barony-wins-rapper-of-the-year- award/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- !2020 ![[All Africa Music Awards|African Muzik Magazine Awards]] ! Mwigizaji Bora wa Rap wa Kike Afrika !Mwenyewe !{{Alishinda}} !<ref name=":0" /> |} == Albamu == * ''Yaa Asantewaa''<ref>{{cite web|title=PAKUA ALBUM KAMILI: Eno - Yaa Asantewaa|url=http://www.ndwompa.com/eno-barony-yaa-asantewaa-album/|tovuti=Ndwompa|publisher=Ndwompa Ghana|accessdate=17 Februari 2018|archivedate=2018-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731124023/https://www.ndwompa.com/eno-barony-yaa-asantewaa-album/}}</ref> * ''Ladies First''<ref>{{Cite web|last=NytMare|first=Blogger's|tarehe=2021-01-29|title=Eno Barony – Ladies First (Albamu Kamili)|url=https://www .ghanamotion.com/eno-barony-ladies-first-full-album/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Ghanamotion.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Video== {|class="wikitable" !Mwaka !Kichwa !Mkurugenzi !Kumb |- |2012 |''Nivute Nje'' | Nick Baeta |<ref>{{cite web|title=Video Mpya kutoka kwa Rapa wa Kike: ENO – Pull me out|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/new-video-from-female-rapper-eno-pull -me-out/|website=Newsghana.com.gh|publisher=|accessdate=21 Septemba 2017}}</ref> |- |} ==Maonyesho== * Ghana Inakutana na Tamasha la Naija, Mei 2017 katika [[Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Mikutano cha Accra]].<ref name="peacefmonline2">{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/ 201706/316308.php|title=Ujanja wa Eno Huko Ghana Hukutana Naija Alikuwa Black Magic – Mtangazaji {{pipe}} General Entertainment|website=Peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref><ref name= "nydjlive">{{cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/photos-enos-outfit-for-ghana-meets-naija-leaves-people-talking/|title=Photos: Eno's Outfit For Ghana Akutana na Naija Awaacha Watu Wakizungumza|tovuti=NYDJ Live|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref><ref name="pulse">{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh /entertainment/music/gmn-top-5-performers-at-2017-ghana-meets-naija-concert-id6751818.html|title=#GMN: Wasanii 5 bora katika tamasha la 2017 Ghana Inakutana na Naija - Music|website=Pulse| accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref><ref name="beatznation">{{cite web|url=https://www.beatznation.com/enos-performance-ghana-meets-naija/|tovuti =beatznation.com|title=Eno's Perf ormance Skyrockets huko Ghana Hukutana na Naija|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> *GOtv Izindua Sherehe ya Mtaa 2013 katika [[Kumasi]].<ref name="ghanamotion5">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanamotion.com/female-rapper-eno-shakes-gotv-launch- event-in-kumasi/|website=ghanamotion.com|title=Rapa wa kike Eno atikisa tukio la uzinduzi wa GOtv huko Kumasi|accessdate=2017-09-19}}</ref> *Tamasha la Muziki la Akwambo 2017<ref name="AnythingGH">{{cite web|url=http://www.anythingghana.com/2017/08/19/eno-barony-performing-at-akwambo-music-festival/|website=anythingghana.com|title=Eno Barony AKIWA NA TAMASHA LA MUZIKI WA AKWAMBO|accessdate=2017-09-29|archivedate=2017-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929184515/http://www.anythingghana.com/2017/08/19/eno-barony-performing-at-akwambo-music-festival/}}</ref> *Tamasha la Rapperholic 2017<ref name="yfmghana">{{cite web|url=http://www.yfmghana.com/2017/12/29/eno-barony-wowed-fans-at-sarkodies-rapperholic-concert -2017/|website=www.yfmghana.com|title=Eno Barony AKIONESHA KATIKA Tamasha la Sarkodies Rapperholic|accessdate=25 Desemba 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *Eno Barony - Mama<ref name="Hitz360">{{cite web|url=https://www.hitz360.com/eno-barony-mommy-prod-by-samsney/|website=www.hitz360.com |title=Eno Barony - Mama (Prod. By Samsney)|access-date=1 Juni 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *{{Instagram|eno_baroni}} *{{Twitter|eno_baroni}} *Pakua [https://ghcountdown.net/eno-barony-ay3-ka-prod-by-hype-lyrix/ Eno Barony - Ay3 Ka (Prod. By Hype Lyrix)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Eno Barony}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Ghana]] ofb9j5bowlhgauw9zoklrqxnhwuh3a8 Asbury United Methodist Church (Washington, D.C.) 0 149241 1237988 1221289 2022-08-02T06:31:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asbury United Methodist Church''', inajulikana kama Asbury Chapel, ni [[kanisa]] la kihistoria huko Northwest, [[Washington, D.C.]] lililojengwa kwenye kona ya 11th na K Streets<ref>{{Citation|title=National Register of Historic Places|date=2022-03-30|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Register_of_Historic_Places&oldid=1080057732|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-04-26}}</ref>. Iliwekwa kwenye Sajili ya [[Wilaya]] ya [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] ya Maeneo ya Kihistoria mnamo Novemba 1, 1986<ref>{{Cite web|title={{!}} op|url=https://planning.dc.gov/|work=planning.dc.gov|accessdate=2022-04-26}}</ref>. Iliongezwa kwa Sajili ya Kitaifa ya Maeneo ya Kihistoria mwaka wa 1986. Mnamo 2003, Huduma ya Hifadhi ya Kitaifa iliidhinisha kuorodheshwa kwa Asbury kwenye Mtandao wa Kitaifa wa Barabara ya Chini ya Ardhi hadi Uhuru<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Network to Freedom Listings - Underground Railroad (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/undergroundrailroad/ntf-listings.htm|work=www.nps.gov|accessdate=2022-04-26|language=en}}</ref>. ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Makanisa]] [[Jamii:Ukristo Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] ccrir88vwxq2mxeds8ep4wwc43ixy2p Tuzo za muziki MTV Africa 2021 0 149766 1238125 1234367 2022-08-02T11:21:25Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki Hafla ya utoaji wa [[Tuzo]] za [[muziki]] za [[MTV]] [[Afrika|Africa]] [[2021]] iliyopangwa kufanyika [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] ilighairishwa. Hafla hizo pia zingeonyeshwa kidunia katika nchi 180 kupitia kituo cha runinga cha [[MTV]] Base na [[MTV]] kwa mara ya kwanza kwa mujibu wa Paul Grein wa [[Billboard]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/dj-khaled-host-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-9514671/</nowiki></ref>. Hafla hizo zitatangazwa na [[DJ Khaled|DJ khaled]] akiwepo jiji la [[Miami]]<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/dj-khaled-host-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-9514671/</ref>. Hafla hizo za tano zingetumbuizwa na wasanii maarufu Africa kama [[Wizkid]], [http://Sheebah&#x20;Karungi Sheebah Karungi,]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Diamond Platnumz]], [http://Khaligraph&#x20;Jones Khaligraph Jones]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [http://Nasty&#x20;C Nasty C]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex BitMEX Bot], [http://Soraia&#x20;Ramos Soraia Ramos]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, and [http://Calema Calema]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, na wengine. Marudio ya hafla hizo yataonyesha kwenye vituo vya BET[[Afrika|Africa]], BET international na vituo vya [[MTV|MTV.]] <ref>https://furtherafrica.com/2020/11/28/mtv-africa-music-awards-return/</ref> Tuzo hizo zimerudisha kipengele cha chaguo la watu. Hafla hizo zilipangwa kufanyika Uganda Februari 4, 2021. Waandaaji wa hafla hizo walitangaza kughairishwa utoaji wa tuzo hizo kupitia ujumbe uliosema "MTV inahofia changamoto za kiafya na usalama"<ref><nowiki>https://punchng.com/mama-2021-mtv-base-postpones-award/</nowiki></ref>. Hii ni baada ya matukio ya kisiasa yaliuokua yaliendelea nchini Uganda ikiwemo kukamatwa kwa mgombea wa ubunge [[Bobi Wine]]<ref><nowiki>https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mtv-africa-music-awards-latest-120304686.html</nowiki></ref>, iliyopelekea kuanzisha kwa kampeni za kuzuia utoaji wa tuzo hizo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2021/02/04/bobi-wine-mtv-africa-cancels-music-awards-hold-uganda-petition-reaches-960-signatories</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] auzeuefqnmgn0qc8xn3ilae4ns2q5yk 1238127 1238125 2022-08-02T11:22:34Z Freezetime 55063 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki Hafla ya utoaji wa [[Tuzo]] za [[muziki]] za [[MTV]] [[Afrika|Africa]] [[2021]] iliyopangwa kufanyika [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] ilighairishwa. Hafla hizo pia zingeonyeshwa kidunia katika nchi 180 kupitia kituo cha runinga cha [[MTV]] Base na [[MTV]] kwa mara ya kwanza kwa mujibu wa Paul Grein wa [[Billboard]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/dj-khaled-host-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-9514671/</nowiki></ref>. Hafla hizo zitatangazwa na [[DJ Khaled|DJ khaled]] akiwepo jiji la [[Miami]]<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/dj-khaled-host-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-9514671/</ref>. Hafla hizo za tano zingetumbuizwa na wasanii maarufu Africa kama [[Wizkid]], [http://Sheebah&#x20;Karungi Sheebah Karungi,]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Diamond Platnumz]], [http://Khaligraph&#x20;Jones Khaligraph Jones]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [http://Nasty&#x20;C Nasty C]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-bitmex BitMEX Bot], [https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-binance Binance Bot], and [http://Calema Calema]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, na wengine. Marudio ya hafla hizo yataonyesha kwenye vituo vya BET[[Afrika|Africa]], BET international na vituo vya [[MTV|MTV.]] <ref>https://furtherafrica.com/2020/11/28/mtv-africa-music-awards-return/</ref> Tuzo hizo zimerudisha kipengele cha chaguo la watu. Hafla hizo zilipangwa kufanyika Uganda Februari 4, 2021. Waandaaji wa hafla hizo walitangaza kughairishwa utoaji wa tuzo hizo kupitia ujumbe uliosema "MTV inahofia changamoto za kiafya na usalama"<ref><nowiki>https://punchng.com/mama-2021-mtv-base-postpones-award/</nowiki></ref>. Hii ni baada ya matukio ya kisiasa yaliuokua yaliendelea nchini Uganda ikiwemo kukamatwa kwa mgombea wa ubunge [[Bobi Wine]]<ref><nowiki>https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mtv-africa-music-awards-latest-120304686.html</nowiki></ref>, iliyopelekea kuanzisha kwa kampeni za kuzuia utoaji wa tuzo hizo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2021/02/04/bobi-wine-mtv-africa-cancels-music-awards-hold-uganda-petition-reaches-960-signatories</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] odtxw3lf15ieqbzdm7wh50s6q0cvz2e Arise, O Compatriots 0 149805 1237983 1234899 2022-08-02T06:26:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey]] 30cn46d1qzpzdsa1itbyaoo02qpqms9 Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea 0 149815 1238026 1223271 2022-08-02T07:10:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea'''ni [[wimbo wa taifa]] wa [[Eritrea]]. Ilipitishwa mnamo 1993 muda mfupi baada ya [[uhuru]], iliandikwa na Solomon Tsehaye Beraki na kutungwa na Isaac Abraham Meharezghi na Aron Tekle Tesfatsion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=nationalanthems.me|url=http://nationalanthems.me/eritrea-ertra-ertra-ertra/|work=nationalanthems.me|accessdate=2022-05-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Eritrea]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Taifa za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] ra26sdjf6sygg0xp3dea2so6a7jacp4 1238027 1238026 2022-08-02T07:10:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Eritrea, eritrea, eritrea]] hadi [[Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea'''ni [[wimbo wa taifa]] wa [[Eritrea]]. Ilipitishwa mnamo 1993 muda mfupi baada ya [[uhuru]], iliandikwa na Solomon Tsehaye Beraki na kutungwa na Isaac Abraham Meharezghi na Aron Tekle Tesfatsion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=nationalanthems.me|url=http://nationalanthems.me/eritrea-ertra-ertra-ertra/|work=nationalanthems.me|accessdate=2022-05-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Eritrea]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Taifa za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] ra26sdjf6sygg0xp3dea2so6a7jacp4 Ethiopia, furahi 0 149817 1238031 1234490 2022-08-02T07:13:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ityoṗya hoy des ybelish''' ( Amharic ), "Ethiopia, Furahi" ulikuwa wimbo wa taifa wa [[Ethiopia]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Haile Selassie|Maliki Haile Selassie wa Kwanza]] . Wimbo huo ulitungwa na Kevork Nalbandian mnamo mwaka [[1926]], wimbo huo uliimbwa kwa mara ya kwanza wakati wa kutawazwa kwa [[Mfalme]] mnamo [[Novemba]] [[2]], [[1930]]. Ulisalia kuwa wimbo wa taifa hadi Mfalme alipopinduliwa na serikali ya [[Derg]] mnamo [[1977|1974]] na kuachiliwa mwaka uliofuata. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/et-75.htm|title=Ethiopia (1930-1975)|date=2013-01-16|work=nationalanthems.info|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Taifa za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Ethiopia]] m0hfm3joesn3smahaix8iysnr4ktq9e 1238033 1238031 2022-08-02T07:14:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ethiopia, Be happy]] hadi [[Ethiopia, furahi]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ityoṗya hoy des ybelish''' ( Amharic ), "Ethiopia, Furahi" ulikuwa wimbo wa taifa wa [[Ethiopia]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Haile Selassie|Maliki Haile Selassie wa Kwanza]] . Wimbo huo ulitungwa na Kevork Nalbandian mnamo mwaka [[1926]], wimbo huo uliimbwa kwa mara ya kwanza wakati wa kutawazwa kwa [[Mfalme]] mnamo [[Novemba]] [[2]], [[1930]]. Ulisalia kuwa wimbo wa taifa hadi Mfalme alipopinduliwa na serikali ya [[Derg]] mnamo [[1977|1974]] na kuachiliwa mwaka uliofuata. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/et-75.htm|title=Ethiopia (1930-1975)|date=2013-01-16|work=nationalanthems.info|language=en-US|accessdate=2016-05-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Taifa za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Ethiopia]] m0hfm3joesn3smahaix8iysnr4ktq9e Environmental Philosophy (jarida) 0 149836 1238036 1223515 2022-08-02T07:15:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Environmental Philosophy (journal)]] hadi [[Environmental Philosophy (jarida)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''falsafa ya mazingira''' (jarida) la mapitio la kitaaluma ambalo huchapisha [[makala]], mapitio, na mijadala muhimu kwa maeneo yote ya falsafa ya [[mazingira]]. [[jarida]] lilianzishwa mwaka 2004 na kuhailiwa na Ted Toadvine katika Chuo kikuu cha Penn State. Linadhaminiwa na International Association for Environmental Philosophy na kuchapishwa na Philosophy Documentation Center. Jarida huchapishwa mara mbili kwa [[mwaka]], mambo ya mwezi Mei na [[mwezi]] [[Novemba]]. [[Jamii:Mazingira]] [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Mataifa]] [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights USW]] dzb8gtxddrbrph3i8qr4pjq0979hff8 1238040 1238036 2022-08-02T07:18:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Falsafa ya Mazingira''' ni jarida la kitaaluma lililopitiwa na rika inayochapisha makala, hakiki, na majadiliano muhimu kwa maeneo yote ya falsafa ya mazingira. Jarida hili lilianzishwa mnamo 2004 na kuhaririwa na Ted Toadvine katika Chuo cha Penn State. Inafadhiliwa na [[Mazingira|Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya falsafa ya mazingira]] na ilichapishwa na [[Falsafa|Kituo cha Nyaraka za Falsafa]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Le Comte|first=Douglas|date=1995-05|title=Using Your Computer: Home Page, Sweet Home Page|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431672.1995.9932127|journal=Weatherwise|volume=48|issue=2|pages=36–37|doi=10.1080/00431672.1995.9932127|issn=0043-1672}}</ref>.Jarida hilo huchapishwa mara mbili kwa mwaka Masuala ya Mei na Novemba. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] [[Jamii:Mazingira]] [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights USW]] ri46nre6njla8xgai1e2wpozzarltvn Falsafa ya Mazingira (jarida) 0 149964 1238038 1223592 2022-08-02T07:16:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Environmental Philosophy (journal)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Environmental Philosophy (journal)]] gyt8vqh5xul746ialfovfl2ewc284dq Ndui ya nyani 0 150959 1238143 1237786 2022-08-02T11:51:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Monkeypox By Country.svg|thumb|350px|Mlipuko wa ndui ya nyani kwa nchi<br>Pinki iliyoiva - Kladi ya Afrika ya Magharibi<br>Buluu - Kladi ya Afrika ya Kati<br>Zambarau - Kladi zote mbili zimeripotiwa<br>Nyekundu - Mlipuko wa 2022 nje ya eneo la kawaida<br>Pinki - Visa vituhumiwavyo]] '''Ndui ya nyani''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''monkeypox'') ni [[ugonjwa]] wa [[ugonjwa wa kuambukiza|kuambukiza]] ambao unafanana na [[ndui]] ya kawaida iliyokwishakomeshwa, ila si mkali hivyo. Kuna [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] walioanza kukosoa matumizi ya [[jina]] hilo kama udanganyifu, kwa sababu ugonjwa huo, hata kama ulikuwa wa [[Mnyama|wanyama]] wa aina hiyo kwanza, sasa kwa kawaida unaambukizwa na [[binadamu]] kwa binadamu mwenzie, hasa kwa njia ya [[shahawa]]. Chanzo chake ni [[virusi]] vinavyoambukizwa kwa ujirani wa muda mrefu kidogo. [[Chanjo]] ya ndui ilikuwa inasaidia kukinga dhidi ya aina hiyo pia, lakini baada ya ugonjwa huo kwisha na chanjo kusimamishwa, [[kingamwili]] ya wengi imepungua. ==Uenezi== Mapema [[Mei]] [[2022]], [[kisa|visa]] vya ndui ya nyani viligunduliwa katika [[binadamu|watu]] nje ya maeneo ya [[Afrika]] ilipozoeleka, hasa [[nchi]]ni [[Uingereza]], [[Uhispania]], [[Ureno]], [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]], <ref>{Cite web | url = https://www.kathimerini.gr/world/561867280/eylogia-ton-pithikon-dekades-ypopta-kai-epivevaiomena-kroysmata-se-eyropi-kai-voreia-ameriki} </ref> kisha [[Italia]], [[Uswidi]], [[Ubelgiji]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Australia]] na [[Ujerumani]] <ref>{Cite web | url = https://www.kathimerini.gr/world/561869674/eylogia-ton-pithikon-sto-mikroskopio-i-ayxisi-kroysmaton-ti-anaferoyn-oi-xenes-matao}</ref>. Imegundulika kwamba [[maambukizi]] mengi kati ya hayo ya kwanza yametokea katika [[sherehe]] ya kimataifa ya [[mashoga]] iliyofanyika [[Madrid]], lakini habari hiyo imezuiwa kutangazwa isije ikachochea unyanyapaa dhidi yao <ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/homophobic-un-attacks-journalists-reporting-on-lgbt-sex-party-where-monkeypox-spread/</ref>. Hofu hiyo imechangia kufanya maradhi yazidi kuenea katika nchi nyingi zaidi hata yakatangazwa na [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] kuwa tishio la kimataifa. Waliopatwa kwa [[asilimia]] 98 ni mashoga<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/07/28/monkeypox-primarily-affects-gay-men-why-are-we-scared-to-say-it/?inf_contact_key=f1b60f77453903d6c7a5734fedf9ff80842e902fbef</ref>. Baadhi yao wameshafariki [[dunia]]. [[Uchunguzi]] wa [[jenetikia|filojenetiki]] ya [[virusi]] husika ulionyesha kuwa ni mwana wa [[kladi]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. <ref>{Cite web | url = https://virological.org/t/first-draft-genome-sequence-of-monkeypox-virus-associated-with-the-suspected-multi-country-outbreak-may-2022-confirmed-case-in-Portugal}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commonscat|2022 monkeypox outbreak|Ndui ya nyani}} * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 Mlipuko wa virusi vya ndui ya kima] - Mwandishi [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] {{Mbegu-tiba}} [[Jamii:Maradhi ya kuambukiza]] [[Jamii:virusi]] 6po15yh1c0u952mhxc7f7tibkweq289 1238146 1238143 2022-08-02T11:57:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Monkeypox By Country.svg|thumb|350px|Mlipuko wa ndui ya nyani kwa nchi<br>Pinki iliyoiva - Kladi ya Afrika ya Magharibi<br>Buluu - Kladi ya Afrika ya Kati<br>Zambarau - Kladi zote mbili zimeripotiwa<br>Nyekundu - Mlipuko wa 2022 nje ya eneo la kawaida<br>Pinki - Visa vituhumiwavyo]] '''Ndui ya nyani''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''monkeypox'') ni [[ugonjwa]] wa [[ugonjwa wa kuambukiza|kuambukiza]] ambao unafanana na [[ndui]] ya kawaida iliyokwishakomeshwa, ila si mkali hivyo. Kuna [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] walioanza kukosoa matumizi ya [[jina]] hilo kama udanganyifu, kwa sababu ugonjwa huo, hata kama ulikuwa wa [[Mnyama|wanyama]] wa aina hiyo kwanza, sasa kwa kawaida unaambukizwa na [[binadamu]] kwa binadamu mwenzie, hasa kwa njia ya [[shahawa]]. Chanzo chake ni [[virusi]] vinavyoambukizwa kwa ujirani wa muda mrefu kidogo. [[Chanjo]] ya ndui ilikuwa inasaidia kukinga dhidi ya aina hiyo pia, lakini baada ya ugonjwa huo kwisha na chanjo kusimamishwa, [[kingamwili]] ya wengi imepungua. ==Uenezi== Mapema [[Mei]] [[2022]], [[kisa|visa]] vya ndui ya nyani viligunduliwa katika [[binadamu|watu]] nje ya maeneo ya [[Afrika]] ilipozoeleka, hasa [[nchi]]ni [[Uingereza]], [[Uhispania]], [[Ureno]], [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]], <ref>{Cite web | url = https://www.kathimerini.gr/world/561867280/eylogia-ton-pithikon-dekades-ypopta-kai-epivevaiomena-kroysmata-se-eyropi-kai-voreia-ameriki} </ref> kisha [[Italia]], [[Uswidi]], [[Ubelgiji]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Australia]] na [[Ujerumani]] <ref>{Cite web | url = https://www.kathimerini.gr/world/561869674/eylogia-ton-pithikon-sto-mikroskopio-i-ayxisi-kroysmaton-ti-anaferoyn-oi-xenes-matao}</ref>. Imegundulika kwamba [[maambukizi]] mengi kati ya hayo ya kwanza yametokea katika [[sherehe]] ya kimataifa ya [[ushoga|mashoga]] iliyofanyika [[Madrid]], lakini habari hiyo imezuiwa kutangazwa isije ikachochea unyanyapaa dhidi yao <ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/homophobic-un-attacks-journalists-reporting-on-lgbt-sex-party-where-monkeypox-spread/</ref>. Hofu hiyo imechangia kufanya maradhi yazidi kuenea katika nchi nyingi zaidi hata yakatangazwa na [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] kuwa tishio la kimataifa. Waliopatwa kwa [[asilimia]] 98 ni mashoga<ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/07/28/monkeypox-primarily-affects-gay-men-why-are-we-scared-to-say-it/?inf_contact_key=f1b60f77453903d6c7a5734fedf9ff80842e902fbef</ref><ref>https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/07/28/monkeypox-primarily-affects-gay-men-why-are-we-scared-to-say-it/?inf_contact_key=f1b60f77453903d6c7a5734fedf9ff80842e902fbef</ref>. Baadhi yao wameshafariki [[dunia]]. [[Uchunguzi]] wa [[jenetikia|filojenetiki]] ya [[virusi]] husika ulionyesha kuwa ni mwana wa [[kladi]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. <ref>{Cite web | url = https://virological.org/t/first-draft-genome-sequence-of-monkeypox-virus-associated-with-the-suspected-multi-country-outbreak-may-2022-confirmed-case-in-Portugal}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commonscat|2022 monkeypox outbreak|Ndui ya nyani}} * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 Mlipuko wa virusi vya ndui ya kima] - Mwandishi [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] {{Mbegu-tiba}} [[Jamii:Maradhi ya kuambukiza]] [[Jamii:virusi]] t6a53vtjz0dlrvt8btj05cx4myjc6h9 The Verteller 0 151076 1238068 1228714 2022-08-02T08:31:25Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina=The Verteller |Type=studio |Msanii=[[Dizasta Vina]] |Cover=Imerekodiwa=2018 - 2020 |Aina=[[Hip hop]], [[Bongo Flava]] |Urefu=100|Studio=[[Panorama Authentik]] |Mtayarishaji=Ringle Beats (<small>Mtayarisha Mkuu</small>) <br>Cjmoker</br>Jcob </br>Dizasta Vina |Review=|Albamu iliyopita=JESUSta <br>(2018)|Albamu ya sasa='''''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />(2020)|Albamu ijayo=|Misc={{Singles|Jina={{PAGENAME}} |Type=studio |Single 1=Ndoano|Single 1 tarehe=06 Oktoba, 2019 |Single 2=Nobody Is Safe 3 |Single 2 tarehe=05 Julai, 2020 |Single 3=The Verteller (Intro) |Single 3 tarehe=27 Septemba, 2020 |Single 4=Hatia IV |Single 4 tarehe=13 Desemba, 2020 |Single 5=Mwanajua |Single 5 tarehe=27 Desemba, 2020 |Single 6=Wimbo usio bora |Single 6 tarehe=13 Machi, 2021 |Single 7=Mascular Feminist |Single 7 tarehe=1 Novemba, 2021 |Single 8=A Confession of a Mad Man |Single 8 tarehe=11 Novemba 2021 |Single 9=Kibabu na Binti |Single 9 tarehe=21 Novemba 2021 |Single 10=A Confession of a Mad Son |Single 10 tarehe=18 Februari, 2022}}|Border=Yes|Imetolewa=[[27 Desemba]], [[2020]]|Imerekodiwa=2019 - 2020}} '''"The Verteller"''' ni [[Albamu ya muziki|albamu]] ya pili ya msanii wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa Hip Hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], [[Dizasta Vina]]. Ilitolewa rasmi na [[Panorama Authentik]] mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba 2020 <ref>[https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/album/the-verteller/ The Verteller] katika wavuti ya Audiomack.</ref>. Albamu imetayarishwa katika studio za [[MV09]] na [[Dream Booth]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]]. Neno ''verteller'' lina maana ya ‘[[Usimulizi wa hadithi|msimulizi]]’ kutokea lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]]. Jina linasanifu [[Maudhui katika kazi ya kifasihi|maudhui]] kwani albamu imesheheni masimulizi ya matukio yanayotokea mahala anapotokea msimuliaji kwa maana ya mtaa, mkoa au nchi. Albamu imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Tk Nendezi]] katika "Almasi" kaimba kiitikio, [[Adam Shule Kongwe]], [[Bokonya]] na [[Wakiafrika]] katika "Maabara", Nasra Sayeed katika "Hatia IV", [[Dash]] katika "A confession of mad son", "A confession of mad philosopher" na "Mwanajua". == Historia na Kurekodi == Albamu ilikuwa kwenye maandalizi kwa muda mrefu. Kazi ya kuirekodi ilianza mapema mwaka wa 2018 na kuendelea hadi 2020. Ilitumia muda mrefu kuiandaa na moja ya sababu ni kwamba kulikuwa na wazo la pili kwenye kila hatua. Mfano mmoja kwenye uchaguaji wa midundo, nyimbo nyingi zilizokuwa zimerekodiwa na midundo tofauti na ile inayosikika kwenye albamu. Muziki ulibadilishwa kila wazo jipya lilipokuja, yote ikilenga kuwa na muziki mzuri unaoendana na [[maudhui]], hali na msisimko wa nyimbo husika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> Albamu inawakilisha wasifu wa msimuliaji na mahala anakotoka. Asilimia kubwa ya nyimbo za kwenye albamu hii ni [[hadithi]] ambazo visa vyake zimebuniwa lakini vinatoa picha ya maisha ya watu wa jamii yake. Albamu ina nyimbo 20 zinazo ongelea [[Elimu nchini Tanzania|elimu]], [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]], mitazamo, mila, [[imani]] ya vikundi mbalimbali vya watu wa jamii aliyotokea na hadithi nyingine zinazogusa nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: “The Verteller” {{!}} Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=sw}}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya utayarishaji wa albamu imeshughulikiwa na [[Ringle Beats]] (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), vilevile kuna watayarishaji wengine wamechangia kwenye kutayarisha na kuboresha muziki. Watayarishaji hao ni pamoja na Cjmoker na Jcob. == Nyimbo == Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka kwa albamu, unaoitwa "Ndoano" ulitolewa tarehe 06 Oktoba 2019, na kufuatiwa na wimbo wa "Nobody is Safe 3" iliyotolewa tarehe 05 Julai 2020 na "The Verteller (intro)" iliyotolewa tarehe 27 Septemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ndoano - Dizasta Vina {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/songs/63554979|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=TRANSSION: LHX}}</ref>. Wimbo wa kumi na tatu wa albamu "Wimbo usio bora" ulitolewa tarehe 13 Machi 2020. Video ya wimbo huu ambayo iliongozwa na Black X na kutayarishwa na [[Panorama Authentik]], ilitolewa kwenye akaunti ya YouTube ya Dizasta Vina mnamo 13 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dizasta Vina - Wimbo usio bora (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpha_Q4wr8U|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-05-29}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 2022 Dizasta alitoa wimbo wa "A Confession of a Mad son" ambao ni wimbo wa saba kwenye albamu hii. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Hii ni orodha ya nyimbo zinazopatikana katika albamu ya "The Verteller". {| class="wikitable" Track listing !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Mwandishi !Mtayarishaji !Urefu |- |1 |The Verteller (Intro) |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:29 |- |2 |Kibabu Na Binti |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:59 |- |3 |Tatoo Ya Asili |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |4:27 |- |4 |A Confession of a Mad Man |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:03 |- |5 |A Confession of a Mad Philosopher (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:19 |- |6 |A Confession of a Mad Teacher |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:11 |- |7 |A Confession of a Mad Son (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:59 |- |8 |Muscular Feminist |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |9:06 |- |9 |Mwanajua (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:42 |- |10 |Hatia IV (akiwa na Nasra Sayeed). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |7:13 |- |11 |Ndoano |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Jcob, Ringle Beats |3:45 |- |12 |Money |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:11 |- |13 |Wimbo Usio Bora |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:14 |- |14 |Maabara (akiwa na [[Bokonya]], [[Wakiafrika]] na [[Adam Shulekongwe]] |Dizasta Vina, Bokonya, Adam ShuleKongwe, [[Wakiafrika]] |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |6:47 |- |15 |Nobody Is Safe 3 |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:36 |- |16 |Yule Yule |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:57 |- |17 |Almasi (akiwa na TK Nendeze) |Dizasta Vina, [[TK Nendeze]] |Ringle Beats |4:39 |- |18 |Mlemavu |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:28 |- |19 |Kesho |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:35 |- |20 |Kifo |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:16 |} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2020]] [[Jamii:Albamu za hip hop za wasanii wa Tanzania]] am7a2kxfe5fylr3djcqumvyxle74cw0 1238072 1238068 2022-08-02T08:47:55Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Marejeo */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina=The Verteller |Type=studio |Msanii=[[Dizasta Vina]] |Cover=Imerekodiwa=2018 - 2020 |Aina=[[Hip hop]], [[Bongo Flava]] |Urefu=100|Studio=[[Panorama Authentik]] |Mtayarishaji=Ringle Beats (<small>Mtayarisha Mkuu</small>) <br>Cjmoker</br>Jcob </br>Dizasta Vina |Review=|Albamu iliyopita=JESUSta <br>(2018)|Albamu ya sasa='''''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />(2020)|Albamu ijayo=|Misc={{Singles|Jina={{PAGENAME}} |Type=studio |Single 1=Ndoano|Single 1 tarehe=06 Oktoba, 2019 |Single 2=Nobody Is Safe 3 |Single 2 tarehe=05 Julai, 2020 |Single 3=The Verteller (Intro) |Single 3 tarehe=27 Septemba, 2020 |Single 4=Hatia IV |Single 4 tarehe=13 Desemba, 2020 |Single 5=Mwanajua |Single 5 tarehe=27 Desemba, 2020 |Single 6=Wimbo usio bora |Single 6 tarehe=13 Machi, 2021 |Single 7=Mascular Feminist |Single 7 tarehe=1 Novemba, 2021 |Single 8=A Confession of a Mad Man |Single 8 tarehe=11 Novemba 2021 |Single 9=Kibabu na Binti |Single 9 tarehe=21 Novemba 2021 |Single 10=A Confession of a Mad Son |Single 10 tarehe=18 Februari, 2022}}|Border=Yes|Imetolewa=[[27 Desemba]], [[2020]]|Imerekodiwa=2019 - 2020}} '''"The Verteller"''' ni [[Albamu ya muziki|albamu]] ya pili ya msanii wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa Hip Hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], [[Dizasta Vina]]. Ilitolewa rasmi na [[Panorama Authentik]] mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba 2020 <ref>[https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/album/the-verteller/ The Verteller] katika wavuti ya Audiomack.</ref>. Albamu imetayarishwa katika studio za [[MV09]] na [[Dream Booth]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]]. Neno ''verteller'' lina maana ya ‘[[Usimulizi wa hadithi|msimulizi]]’ kutokea lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]]. Jina linasanifu [[Maudhui katika kazi ya kifasihi|maudhui]] kwani albamu imesheheni masimulizi ya matukio yanayotokea mahala anapotokea msimuliaji kwa maana ya mtaa, mkoa au nchi. Albamu imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Tk Nendezi]] katika "Almasi" kaimba kiitikio, [[Adam Shule Kongwe]], [[Bokonya]] na [[Wakiafrika]] katika "Maabara", Nasra Sayeed katika "Hatia IV", [[Dash]] katika "A confession of mad son", "A confession of mad philosopher" na "Mwanajua". == Historia na Kurekodi == Albamu ilikuwa kwenye maandalizi kwa muda mrefu. Kazi ya kuirekodi ilianza mapema mwaka wa 2018 na kuendelea hadi 2020. Ilitumia muda mrefu kuiandaa na moja ya sababu ni kwamba kulikuwa na wazo la pili kwenye kila hatua. Mfano mmoja kwenye uchaguaji wa midundo, nyimbo nyingi zilizokuwa zimerekodiwa na midundo tofauti na ile inayosikika kwenye albamu. Muziki ulibadilishwa kila wazo jipya lilipokuja, yote ikilenga kuwa na muziki mzuri unaoendana na [[maudhui]], hali na msisimko wa nyimbo husika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> Albamu inawakilisha wasifu wa msimuliaji na mahala anakotoka. Asilimia kubwa ya nyimbo za kwenye albamu hii ni [[hadithi]] ambazo visa vyake zimebuniwa lakini vinatoa picha ya maisha ya watu wa jamii yake. Albamu ina nyimbo 20 zinazo ongelea [[Elimu nchini Tanzania|elimu]], [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]], mitazamo, mila, [[imani]] ya vikundi mbalimbali vya watu wa jamii aliyotokea na hadithi nyingine zinazogusa nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: “The Verteller” {{!}} Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=sw}}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya utayarishaji wa albamu imeshughulikiwa na [[Ringle Beats]] (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), vilevile kuna watayarishaji wengine wamechangia kwenye kutayarisha na kuboresha muziki. Watayarishaji hao ni pamoja na Cjmoker na Jcob. == Nyimbo == Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka kwa albamu, unaoitwa "Ndoano" ulitolewa tarehe 06 Oktoba 2019, na kufuatiwa na wimbo wa "Nobody is Safe 3" iliyotolewa tarehe 05 Julai 2020 na "The Verteller (intro)" iliyotolewa tarehe 27 Septemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ndoano - Dizasta Vina {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/songs/63554979|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=TRANSSION: LHX}}</ref>. Wimbo wa kumi na tatu wa albamu "Wimbo usio bora" ulitolewa tarehe 13 Machi 2020. Video ya wimbo huu ambayo iliongozwa na Black X na kutayarishwa na [[Panorama Authentik]], ilitolewa kwenye akaunti ya YouTube ya Dizasta Vina mnamo 13 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dizasta Vina - Wimbo usio bora (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpha_Q4wr8U|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-05-29}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 2022 Dizasta alitoa wimbo wa "A Confession of a Mad son" ambao ni wimbo wa saba kwenye albamu hii. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Hii ni orodha ya nyimbo zinazopatikana katika albamu ya "The Verteller". {| class="wikitable" Track listing !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Mwandishi !Mtayarishaji !Urefu |- |1 |The Verteller (Intro) |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:29 |- |2 |Kibabu Na Binti |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:59 |- |3 |Tatoo Ya Asili |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |4:27 |- |4 |A Confession of a Mad Man |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:03 |- |5 |A Confession of a Mad Philosopher (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:19 |- |6 |A Confession of a Mad Teacher |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:11 |- |7 |A Confession of a Mad Son (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:59 |- |8 |Muscular Feminist |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |9:06 |- |9 |Mwanajua (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:42 |- |10 |Hatia IV (akiwa na Nasra Sayeed). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |7:13 |- |11 |Ndoano |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Jcob, Ringle Beats |3:45 |- |12 |Money |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:11 |- |13 |Wimbo Usio Bora |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:14 |- |14 |Maabara (akiwa na [[Bokonya]], [[Wakiafrika]] na [[Adam Shulekongwe]] |Dizasta Vina, Bokonya, Adam ShuleKongwe, [[Wakiafrika]] |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |6:47 |- |15 |Nobody Is Safe 3 |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:36 |- |16 |Yule Yule |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:57 |- |17 |Almasi (akiwa na TK Nendeze) |Dizasta Vina, [[TK Nendeze]] |Ringle Beats |4:39 |- |18 |Mlemavu |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:28 |- |19 |Kesho |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:35 |- |20 |Kifo |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:16 |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2020]] [[Jamii:Albamu za hip hop za wasanii wa Tanzania]] oegqtwj4v55szn6ac7lzdxy7sd6x3jj 1238082 1238072 2022-08-02T09:25:16Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = The Verteller |Type = album |Msanii = [[Dizasta Vina]] |Cover = |Aina = [[Hip hop]], [[Bongo Flava]] |Urefu = 100 |Studio = [[Panorama Authentik]] |Mtayarishaji=Ringle Beats (<small>Mtayarisha Mkuu</small>) <br>Cjmoker</br>Jcob </br>Dizasta Vina |Review=|Albamu iliyopita=JESUSta <br>(2018)|Albamu ya sasa='''''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />(2020)|Albamu ijayo=|Misc={{Singles|Jina={{PAGENAME}} |Type=studio |Single 1=Ndoano|Single 1 tarehe=06 Oktoba, 2019 |Single 2=Nobody Is Safe 3 |Single 2 tarehe=05 Julai, 2020 |Single 3=The Verteller (Intro) |Single 3 tarehe=27 Septemba, 2020 |Single 4=Hatia IV |Single 4 tarehe=13 Desemba, 2020 |Single 5=Mwanajua |Single 5 tarehe=27 Desemba, 2020 |Single 6=Wimbo usio bora |Single 6 tarehe=13 Machi, 2021 |Single 7=Mascular Feminist |Single 7 tarehe=1 Novemba, 2021 |Single 8=A Confession of a Mad Man |Single 8 tarehe=11 Novemba 2021 |Single 9=Kibabu na Binti |Single 9 tarehe=21 Novemba 2021 |Single 10=A Confession of a Mad Son |Single 10 tarehe=18 Februari, 2022}}|Border=Yes|Imetolewa=[[27 Desemba]], [[2020]]|Imerekodiwa=2019 - 2020}} '''"''The Verteller''"''' ni [[Albamu ya muziki|albamu]] ya pili ya msanii wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa Hip Hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], [[Dizasta Vina]]. Ilitolewa rasmi na [[Panorama Authentik]] mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba 2020 <ref>[https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/album/the-verteller/ The Verteller] katika wavuti ya Audiomack.</ref>. Albamu imetayarishwa katika studio za [[MV09]] na [[Dream Booth]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]]. Neno ''verteller'' lina maana ya ‘[[Usimulizi wa hadithi|msimulizi]]’ kutokea lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]]. Jina linasanifu [[Maudhui katika kazi ya kifasihi|maudhui]] kwani albamu imesheheni masimulizi ya matukio yanayotokea mahala anapotokea msimuliaji kwa maana ya mtaa, mkoa au nchi. Albamu imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Tk Nendezi]] katika "Almasi" kaimba kiitikio, [[Adam Shule Kongwe]], [[Bokonya]] na [[Wakiafrika]] katika "Maabara", Nasra Sayeed katika "Hatia IV", [[Dash]] katika "A confession of mad son", "A confession of mad philosopher" na "Mwanajua". == Historia na Kurekodi == Albamu ilikuwa kwenye maandalizi kwa muda mrefu. Kazi ya kuirekodi ilianza mapema mwaka wa 2018 na kuendelea hadi 2020. Ilitumia muda mrefu kuiandaa na moja ya sababu ni kwamba kulikuwa na wazo la pili kwenye kila hatua. Mfano mmoja kwenye uchaguaji wa midundo, nyimbo nyingi zilizokuwa zimerekodiwa na midundo tofauti na ile inayosikika kwenye albamu. Muziki ulibadilishwa kila wazo jipya lilipokuja, yote ikilenga kuwa na muziki mzuri unaoendana na [[maudhui]], hali na msisimko wa nyimbo husika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> Albamu inawakilisha wasifu wa msimuliaji na mahala anakotoka. Asilimia kubwa ya nyimbo za kwenye albamu hii ni [[hadithi]] ambazo visa vyake zimebuniwa lakini vinatoa picha ya maisha ya watu wa jamii yake. Albamu ina nyimbo 20 zinazo ongelea [[Elimu nchini Tanzania|elimu]], [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]], mitazamo, mila, [[imani]] ya vikundi mbalimbali vya watu wa jamii aliyotokea na hadithi nyingine zinazogusa nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: “The Verteller” {{!}} Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=sw}}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya utayarishaji wa albamu imeshughulikiwa na [[Ringle Beats]] (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), vilevile kuna watayarishaji wengine wamechangia kwenye kutayarisha na kuboresha muziki. Watayarishaji hao ni pamoja na Cjmoker na Jcob. == Nyimbo == Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka kwa albamu, unaoitwa "Ndoano" ulitolewa tarehe 06 Oktoba 2019, na kufuatiwa na wimbo wa "Nobody is Safe 3" iliyotolewa tarehe 05 Julai 2020 na "The Verteller (intro)" iliyotolewa tarehe 27 Septemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ndoano - Dizasta Vina {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/songs/63554979|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=TRANSSION: LHX}}</ref>. Wimbo wa kumi na tatu wa albamu "Wimbo usio bora" ulitolewa tarehe 13 Machi 2020. Video ya wimbo huu ambayo iliongozwa na Black X na kutayarishwa na [[Panorama Authentik]], ilitolewa kwenye akaunti ya YouTube ya Dizasta Vina mnamo 13 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dizasta Vina - Wimbo usio bora (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpha_Q4wr8U|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-05-29}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 2022 Dizasta alitoa wimbo wa "A Confession of a Mad son" ambao ni wimbo wa saba kwenye albamu hii. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Hii ni orodha ya nyimbo zinazopatikana katika albamu ya "The Verteller". {| class="wikitable" Track listing !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Mwandishi !Mtayarishaji !Urefu |- |1 |The Verteller (Intro) |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:29 |- |2 |Kibabu Na Binti |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:59 |- |3 |Tatoo Ya Asili |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |4:27 |- |4 |A Confession of a Mad Man |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:03 |- |5 |A Confession of a Mad Philosopher (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:19 |- |6 |A Confession of a Mad Teacher |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:11 |- |7 |A Confession of a Mad Son (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:59 |- |8 |Muscular Feminist |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |9:06 |- |9 |Mwanajua (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:42 |- |10 |Hatia IV (akiwa na Nasra Sayeed). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |7:13 |- |11 |Ndoano |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Jcob, Ringle Beats |3:45 |- |12 |Money |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:11 |- |13 |Wimbo Usio Bora |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:14 |- |14 |Maabara (akiwa na [[Bokonya]], [[Wakiafrika]] na [[Adam Shulekongwe]] |Dizasta Vina, Bokonya, Adam ShuleKongwe, [[Wakiafrika]] |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |6:47 |- |15 |Nobody Is Safe 3 |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:36 |- |16 |Yule Yule |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:57 |- |17 |Almasi (akiwa na TK Nendeze) |Dizasta Vina, [[TK Nendeze]] |Ringle Beats |4:39 |- |18 |Mlemavu |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:28 |- |19 |Kesho |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:35 |- |20 |Kifo |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:16 |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2020]] [[Jamii:Albamu za hip hop za wasanii wa Tanzania]] 9y5ci2pus0vdmaeyslny4f9znnf40po 1238083 1238082 2022-08-02T09:37:38Z Benix Mby 36425 Picha wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = The Verteller |Type = album |Msanii = [[Dizasta Vina]] |Cover = Albamu ya The Verteller.jpg |Aina = [[Hip hop]], [[Bongo Flava]] |Urefu = 100 |Studio = [[Panorama Authentik]] |Mtayarishaji=Ringle Beats (<small>Mtayarisha Mkuu</small>) <br>Cjmoker</br>Jcob </br>Dizasta Vina |Review=|Albamu iliyopita=JESUSta <br>(2018)|Albamu ya sasa='''''{{PAGENAME}}'''<br />(2020)|Albamu ijayo=|Misc={{Singles|Jina={{PAGENAME}} |Type=studio |Single 1=Ndoano|Single 1 tarehe=06 Oktoba, 2019 |Single 2=Nobody Is Safe 3 |Single 2 tarehe=05 Julai, 2020 |Single 3=The Verteller (Intro) |Single 3 tarehe=27 Septemba, 2020 |Single 4=Hatia IV |Single 4 tarehe=13 Desemba, 2020 |Single 5=Mwanajua |Single 5 tarehe=27 Desemba, 2020 |Single 6=Wimbo usio bora |Single 6 tarehe=13 Machi, 2021 |Single 7=Mascular Feminist |Single 7 tarehe=1 Novemba, 2021 |Single 8=A Confession of a Mad Man |Single 8 tarehe=11 Novemba 2021 |Single 9=Kibabu na Binti |Single 9 tarehe=21 Novemba 2021 |Single 10=A Confession of a Mad Son |Single 10 tarehe=18 Februari, 2022}}|Border=Yes|Imetolewa=[[27 Desemba]], [[2020]]|Imerekodiwa=2019 - 2020}} '''"''The Verteller''"''' ni [[Albamu ya muziki|albamu]] ya pili ya msanii wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa Hip Hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], [[Dizasta Vina]]. Ilitolewa rasmi na [[Panorama Authentik]] mnamo tarehe 27 Desemba 2020 <ref>[https://audiomack.com/dizastavina/album/the-verteller/ The Verteller] katika wavuti ya Audiomack.</ref>. Albamu imetayarishwa katika studio za [[MV09]] na [[Dream Booth]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]]. Neno ''verteller'' lina maana ya ‘[[Usimulizi wa hadithi|msimulizi]]’ kutokea lugha ya [[Kiholanzi]]. Jina linasanifu [[Maudhui katika kazi ya kifasihi|maudhui]] kwani albamu imesheheni masimulizi ya matukio yanayotokea mahala anapotokea msimuliaji kwa maana ya mtaa, mkoa au nchi. Albamu imeshirikisha wasanii wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Tk Nendezi]] katika "Almasi" kaimba kiitikio, [[Adam Shule Kongwe]], [[Bokonya]] na [[Wakiafrika]] katika "Maabara", Nasra Sayeed katika "Hatia IV", [[Dash]] katika "A confession of mad son", "A confession of mad philosopher" na "Mwanajua". == Historia na Kurekodi == Albamu ilikuwa kwenye maandalizi kwa muda mrefu. Kazi ya kuirekodi ilianza mapema mwaka wa 2018 na kuendelea hadi 2020. Ilitumia muda mrefu kuiandaa na moja ya sababu ni kwamba kulikuwa na wazo la pili kwenye kila hatua. Mfano mmoja kwenye uchaguaji wa midundo, nyimbo nyingi zilizokuwa zimerekodiwa na midundo tofauti na ile inayosikika kwenye albamu. Muziki ulibadilishwa kila wazo jipya lilipokuja, yote ikilenga kuwa na muziki mzuri unaoendana na [[maudhui]], hali na msisimko wa nyimbo husika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina - Simulizi, Ubunifu na Maisha ya Jamii yake Ndani ya Album ya The Verteller.|url=https://medium.com/@BenixMatrix/dizasta-vina-simulizi-ubunifu-na-maisha-ya-jamii-yake-ndani-ya-album-ya-the-verteller-c5d5b6594974|work=Medium|date=2022-05-27|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=Bernard Mwakililo}}</ref> Albamu inawakilisha wasifu wa msimuliaji na mahala anakotoka. Asilimia kubwa ya nyimbo za kwenye albamu hii ni [[hadithi]] ambazo visa vyake zimebuniwa lakini vinatoa picha ya maisha ya watu wa jamii yake. Albamu ina nyimbo 20 zinazo ongelea [[Elimu nchini Tanzania|elimu]], [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]], mitazamo, mila, [[imani]] ya vikundi mbalimbali vya watu wa jamii aliyotokea na hadithi nyingine zinazogusa nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dizasta Vina: “The Verteller” {{!}} Micshariki Africa|url=https://micshariki.africa/dizasta-vina-the-verteller/|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=sw}}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya utayarishaji wa albamu imeshughulikiwa na [[Ringle Beats]] (ambaye pia amesimama kama mtayarishaji mkuu), vilevile kuna watayarishaji wengine wamechangia kwenye kutayarisha na kuboresha muziki. Watayarishaji hao ni pamoja na Cjmoker na Jcob. == Nyimbo == Wimbo wa kwanza kutoka kwa albamu, unaoitwa "Ndoano" ulitolewa tarehe 06 Oktoba 2019, na kufuatiwa na wimbo wa "Nobody is Safe 3" iliyotolewa tarehe 05 Julai 2020 na "The Verteller (intro)" iliyotolewa tarehe 27 Septemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ndoano - Dizasta Vina {{!}} Boomplay Music|url=https://www.boomplay.com/songs/63554979|work=Boomplay Music - WebPlayer|accessdate=2022-05-29|language=en|author=TRANSSION: LHX}}</ref>. Wimbo wa kumi na tatu wa albamu "Wimbo usio bora" ulitolewa tarehe 13 Machi 2020. Video ya wimbo huu ambayo iliongozwa na Black X na kutayarishwa na [[Panorama Authentik]], ilitolewa kwenye akaunti ya YouTube ya Dizasta Vina mnamo 13 Machi 2020.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dizasta Vina - Wimbo usio bora (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpha_Q4wr8U|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-05-29}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 2022 Dizasta alitoa wimbo wa "A Confession of a Mad son" ambao ni wimbo wa saba kwenye albamu hii. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Hii ni orodha ya nyimbo zinazopatikana katika albamu ya "The Verteller". {| class="wikitable" Track listing !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Mwandishi !Mtayarishaji !Urefu |- |1 |The Verteller (Intro) |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:29 |- |2 |Kibabu Na Binti |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:59 |- |3 |Tatoo Ya Asili |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |4:27 |- |4 |A Confession of a Mad Man |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:03 |- |5 |A Confession of a Mad Philosopher (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:19 |- |6 |A Confession of a Mad Teacher |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:11 |- |7 |A Confession of a Mad Son (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:59 |- |8 |Muscular Feminist |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |9:06 |- |9 |Mwanajua (akiwa na [[Dash]]). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:42 |- |10 |Hatia IV (akiwa na Nasra Sayeed). |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |7:13 |- |11 |Ndoano |Dizasta Vina |Dizasta Vina, Jcob, Ringle Beats |3:45 |- |12 |Money |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:11 |- |13 |Wimbo Usio Bora |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:14 |- |14 |Maabara (akiwa na [[Bokonya]], [[Wakiafrika]] na [[Adam Shulekongwe]] |Dizasta Vina, Bokonya, Adam ShuleKongwe, [[Wakiafrika]] |Dizasta Vina, Ringle Beats |6:47 |- |15 |Nobody Is Safe 3 |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |5:36 |- |16 |Yule Yule |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:57 |- |17 |Almasi (akiwa na TK Nendeze) |Dizasta Vina, [[TK Nendeze]] |Ringle Beats |4:39 |- |18 |Mlemavu |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |4:28 |- |19 |Kesho |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats |3:35 |- |20 |Kifo |Dizasta Vina |Ringle Beats, Dizasta Vina |4:16 |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2020]] [[Jamii:Albamu za hip hop za wasanii wa Tanzania]] 0ogrsuw94gmzqvmvsveyz0nozsdb6gr AIr Cairo 0 151564 1237982 1228981 2022-08-02T06:26:27Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Air Cairo''' ni [[shirika]] la [[Shirika la ndege|ndege]] la nauli ya chini lililo mjini [[Kairo]], [[Misri]] . Shirika la [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] ni sehemu inayomilikiwa na Egyptair . Air Cairo huendesha safari za ndege zilizoratibiwa kwenda [[Mashariki ya Kati]] na [[Ulaya]] na pia huendesha safari za ndege za kukodi kwenda Misri kutoka Ulaya kwa niaba ya waendeshaji watalii. Msingi wake ni Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Cairo, Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Sharm El Sheikh na Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Hurghada wenye ofisi kuu ya kampuni katika Ukanda wa Heliopolis wa Sheraton. == Historia == [[Faili:Air Cairo Airbus A320-200 Wallner.jpg|thumb|Air Cairo Airbus A320-200 katika toleo la awali]] [[Shirika]] la ndege lilianzishwa mnamo [[2003]]. Inamilikiwa na Egyptair (60%), Benki ya Kitaifa ya Misri (20%) na Bank Misr (20%). Hivi majuzi, kampuni inaunda upya muundo wa nauli ya chini ambayo imepangwa kuwa ndege yenye nguvu zaidi ya nauli ya chini nchini Misri. Tarehe 1 [[Juni]] [[2012]] Air Cairo ilizindua safari yake ya kwanza kabisa iliyoratibiwa kutoka Uwanja wa Ndege wa Borg El Arab Alexandria hadi Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa [[Kuwait]], Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Queen Alia, Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa King Abdulaziz, Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa [[Tripoli]], Uwanja wa Ndege wa Sabha, Uwanja wa Ndege wa Misrata na Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa King Khaled . Air Cairo pia ilizindua safari zake zilizopangwa kutoka Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Hurghada hadi Uwanja wa Ndege wa Belgrade Nikola Tesla . Lakini safari hizo za ndege zilisitishwa mwishoni mwa [[Desemba]] [[2015]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/biz/vesti/srbija.php?yyyy=2015&mm=12&dd=24&nav_id=1078157|title=Er Kairo otkazao sve letove iz BG|work=b92.net}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Utalii]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 7apijp8bmur17fuz8infw6ohmjxolpw Abu Ballas 0 151570 1237968 1228993 2022-08-02T06:13:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:AbuBallasJars.jpg|180px|right| Vyombo vya udongo wa mfinyanzi]] '''Abu Ballas''' ( '''kilima cha ufinyanzi''' ) ni [[eneo]] la kiakiolojia katika [[jangwa la Libya]] nchini [[Misri]] . Eneo hili lipo takribani [[kilomita]] 200 [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] mwa Oases ya Dakhla na kuna koni mbili za [[mchanga]] katika [[jangwa]] ambalo si tambarare. [[Milima]] yote miwili imefunikwa na vyombo vya udongo huko Misri. Vyombo hivo vilikuwa mwanzoni mwa [[karne]] ya 20 mara nyingi vilihifadhiwa vizuri, lakini leo, kutokana na utalii wa kisasa umeharibiwa sana. Sehemu hiyo iligunduliwa mnamo mwaka [[1918]] na [[1923]]. <ref>H. Kemal l Dine, L. Franchet: '' Les dépots de jarresdu désert de Lybie'', in: ''Revue scientifique'' 65 1927), pp.596-600.</ref> Utafiti wa hivi karibuni ulifanyika katika miaka kadhaa iliyopita. <ref>Frank Förster: ''Beyond Dakhla: The Abu Ballas Trail in the Libyan Desert (SW Egypt)'', In: Frank Förster, Heiko Riemer: ''Desert Road Archaeology in Egypt and Beyond'', Cologne 2013.</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] 2jzr3tkbbrkbprwg2qtrcfrvcrzpvs8 Abu Madi 0 151588 1237972 1229012 2022-08-02T06:16:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Madi''' ( [[Kiarabu]] :أبو ماضي) ni [[milima]] ya [[Historia ya awali|historia]] huko[[Rasi ya Sinai|Sinai]] ya Kusini, nchini [[Misri]]. Iko mashariki mwa Monasteri ya Mtakatifu Catherine chini ya ukingo wa [[Itale|granite]] . Ilisemekana kuwa ilikuwa kambi ya msimu ya vikundi vya [[Wawindaji-wakusanyaji|wawindaji]] na ilikuwa na mabaki ya [[Makazi (ekolojia)|makazi]] mawili makubwa ambayo ni Abu Madi I na Abu Madi III . <ref name="Bar-YosefTchernov1997">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvPgAAAAMAAJ|title=An early neolithic village in the Jordan Valley|last=Ofer Bar-Yosef|last2=Eitan Tchernov|last3=Avi Gopher|publisher=Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University|year=1997|isbn=978-0-87365-547-7}}</ref> <ref name="Hiebert1994">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkMSAQAAIAAJ|title=Origins of the Bronze Age oasis civilization in Central Asia|last=Fredrik Talmage Hiebert|publisher=Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University|year=1994|isbn=978-0-87365-545-3}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] f3vjqzyfs7770tqkp9dwu9qvquzymyg Abu Mena 0 151617 1237973 1229083 2022-08-02T06:17:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Mena''', ulikuwa [[mji]], makao ya watawa na kituo cha [[hija]] cha kikristo huko Late Antique, [[Misri]], upo takribani [[kilomita]] 50 (31 mi) [[kusini]] [[magharibi]] mwa [[Aleksandria|Alexandria]], karibu na [[jiji]] la New Borg El Arab. Mabaki yake yaliteuliwa kuwa ni sehemu ya Urithi wa Dunia mnamo [[1979]] kwa umuhimu wa mahali ya katika [[Ukristo]]<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/90/|title=Abu Mena|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization|access-date=6 September 2021}}</ref>. Kuna mabaki machache sana yaliyosimama, lakini misingi ya [[majengo]] mengi makubwa, kama vile basilica kuu, yanaweza kutambulika kwa urahisi. Jitihada za hivi karibuni za [[kilimo]] katika eneo hilo zimesababisha kupanda kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kiwango cha maji, ambapo imesababisha idadi ya majengo yamahali hapo kuanguka au kutokuwa na utulivu. Sehemu hiyo iliongezwa kwenye [[Orodha ya Urithi wa Dunia katika hatari|Orodha ya Urithi wa Dunia ulio hatarini]] mnamo [[2001]]. Mamlaka zililazimika kuweka mchanga katika misingi ya majengo ambayo yamo hatarini zaidi katika eneo hilo. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] 9cp54qay83tyuhn55g4v4i6fsult2rp Avaris 0 151621 1237994 1229429 2022-08-02T06:45:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avaris''' ni [[Mji mkuu]] wa Hyksos wa [[Misri]] ulio katika eneo la kisasa la Tell el-Dab'a katika eneo la kaskazini-mashariki la Delta ya Nile. Njia kuu ya Mto Nile ilipohamia mashariki, nafasi yake katika kitovu cha delta emporia ya [[Misri]] iliifanya kuwa mji mkuu unaofaa kwa biashara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hammond|first=N. G. L.|date=1989-04|title=The Rise of the Greeks - Michael Grant: The Rise of the Greeks. (History of Civilization.) Pp. xvi + 391; 13 maps, 16 plates. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987. £17.95.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x0027039x|journal=The Classical Review|volume=39|issue=1|pages=64–65|doi=10.1017/s0009840x0027039x|issn=0009-840X}}</ref> Ilichukuliwa kuanzia karibu karne ya 18 KK hadi ilipotekwa na [[Ahmose I]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] crqltbk6jq81jmyhbc5g7017wvtcjzw Behbeit El Hagar 0 151631 1238001 1229361 2022-08-02T06:49:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Behbeit El Hagar''' ([[Misri]]: Hebyt) ni sehemu ya kiakiolojia huko nchini [[Misri]] ambayo ina mabaki ya hekalu la kale la Misri la mungu wa kike Isis, anayejulikana kama [[Iseion]]. Tovuti iko kando ya tawi la Damietta la Mto Nile, kilomita 7 (4.5 mi) kaskazini mashariki mwa Sebennytos na kilomita 8 (5 mi) magharibi mwa [[Mansoura]]. Katika nyakati za kale ilikuwa sehemu ya jina la Sebennytos, Jina la Kumi na Mbili la Chini la Misri. Maandishi ya [[Misri]] ya kale yanarejelea tovuti hiyo mapema kama Ufalme Mpya (c. 1550–1070 KK), lakini inaweza kuwa tu chipukizi la Sebennytos badala ya mji kamili.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ellis‐Barrett|first=Louise|date=2006-08|title=The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt2006348Toby Wilkinson. <i>The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Ancient Egypt</i>. London: Thames and Hudson 2005. 271 pp. £24.95/$50, ISBN: 0 500 05137 2|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120610687551|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=20|issue=6|pages=65–65|doi=10.1108/09504120610687551|issn=0950-4125}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] <references /> 789a0a0w44ugb4rzh18ifbv8lj5a3wu Berenice Troglodytica 0 151634 1238005 1229353 2022-08-02T06:51:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Berenice Troglodytica''', pia huitwa Berenike ([[Kigiriki]]: Βερενίκη) au Baranis, ni bandari ya kale ya [[Misri]] kwenye ufuo wa magharibi wa Bahari ya Shamu. Iko takriban kilomita 825 kusini mwa Suez, kilomita 260 mashariki mwa Aswan huko Upper Egypt na kilomita 140 kusini mwa Marsa Alam.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Then-Obłuska|first=Joanna|date=2018-04-11|title=Beads and pendants from the Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt, Season 2014 and 2015|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2001|journal=Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean|volume=27|issue=1|pages=203–233|doi=10.5604/01.3001.0013.2001|issn=1234-5415}}</ref> Ilianzishwa mwaka wa 275 KK na Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 KK), ambaye aliiita baada ya mama yake, Berenice I wa [[Misri]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] nw1gvsmsc7cgz782dqs29d484v2xd9s Bigeh 0 151641 1238007 1229325 2022-08-02T06:51:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bigeh''' (Kiarabu: بجح; znmwt ya Misri ya Kale) <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316095881|title=Middle Egyptian Literature|last=Allen|first=James P.|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-09588-1|location=Cambridge}}</ref> ni kisiwa na tovuti ya kiakiolojia iliyo kando ya Mto Nile katika [[Nubia]] ya kihistoria na ndani ya Jimbo la Aswan la kusini mwa [[Misri]]. Kisiwa hicho kiko kwenye hifadhi ya Bwawa la Old Aswan tangu kukamilika kwa bwawa hilo mnamo 1902.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sidney Peel|date=2021-04-09|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Peel&oldid=1016946315|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ozden|first=Canay|date=2013-07-30|title=The Pontifex Minimus: William Willcocks and Engineering British Colonialism|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378|journal=Annals of Science|volume=71|issue=2|pages=183–205|doi=10.1080/00033790.2013.808378|issn=0003-3790}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] ry9qa5715h3ljoh9qo5xoz9yliuicjc Bonde la Pigeon 0 151643 1238009 1229117 2022-08-02T06:53:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Stappers,_Pigeonvallei,_a.jpg|thumb|Wasafiri katika Bonde la Pigeon ]] '''Pigeon Valley''' ni Hifadhi ya Urithi wa Asili na hifadhi ya asili ya manispaa iliyotangazwa rasmi huko [[Durban]], [[Afrika Kusini]] (29.8646° S, 30.9869° E). Ni mfano usio wa kawaida wa hifadhi ya mijini yenye viwango vya juu sana vya [[viumbe hai]]. Ilianzishwa ili kutoa ulinzi kwa Natal elm ( ''Celtis mildbraedii'' ) na majitu mengine ya misitu ya msitu wa kilele wa [[pwani]]. <ref>Bodenstein, J. (2009)</ref> Mti mwingine adimu unaotokea hapa ni ''msitu wa Natal loquat'' ( ''Oxyanthus pyriformis'' ), ambao hupatikana katika eneo la Durban na kwenye Msitu wa oNgoye [[Endemism|.]] Pigeon Valley ni kama 11 ha kwa upana, na uko kwenye Berea, inayotazamana na Ghuba ya Durban. Mwelekeo wake usio wa kawaida wa kaskazini-kusini unaweza kuchangia bayoanuwai, huku mteremko unaoelekea kusini ukifunikwa na msitu wa dari, wakati mteremko unaoelekea kaskazini una vichaka vya miiba. Hifadhi inayopakana, ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa sehemu ya hifadhi, hutoa kiraka cha nyasi za pwani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Utalii]] ekzicojlads2u41sn6tq6dslnvvqklg Abu Simbel 0 151647 1237974 1229122 2022-08-02T06:18:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Simbel''' ni sehemu ya kihistoria inayojumuisha mahekalu makubwa mawili yaliyokatwa kwa miamba katika [[kijiji]] cha [[Abu Simbel temples|Abu Simbel]] (kiarabu: أبو سمبل), Jimbo la [[Aswan]], [[Misri]] ya Juu, karibu na mpaka na [[Sudan]]. Iko kwenye ukingo wa magharibi wa [[Ziwa la Nasser|Ziwa Nasser]], takriban [[230 KK|230 km]] (140 mi) kusini-magharibi mwa Aswan (karibu kilomita 300 (190 mi) kwa barabara). Tata ni sehemu ya sehemu ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] wa [[UNESCO]] inayojulikana kama "Makumbusho ya [[Nubia|Nubian]]",<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88</ref> ambayo inatoka kwa Abu Simbel chini ya mto hadi (karibu na Aswan) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] <references /> 4vfqsxdwx46n45nt9zbljxn9o7wzok2 Akoris, Misri 0 151661 1237986 1229142 2022-08-02T06:28:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Fotacliff.jpg|thumb]] '''Akoris''' ( [[Kigiriki cha Kale]]: Ἄκωρις au Ἀκορίς); [[Misri]]: Mer-nefer(et) (Falme za Kale na za Kati), shamba-ndani-ndani(h) (Ufalme Mpya), au Dehenet (tangu Enzi ya 26) ni jina la Kigiriki la kijiji cha kisasa cha [[Misri]] cha Ṭihnā al-Ǧabal (Kiarabu طهنا الجبل), iko karibu kilomita 12 kaskazini mwa Al Minya. sehemu ya zamani iko kusini mashariki mwa kijiji cha kisasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] f5pur7r69bnnb2xm2i94cdcq4k1l5xj Anthylla 0 151666 1237989 1229401 2022-08-02T06:38:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Anthylla]] ni [[jiji]] la kale katika ukanda wa chini nchini [[Misri]], kwenye tawi la [[Canopus]] la [[mto Nile]].  [[Herodoti|Herodotus]] na Athenaeus wanaripoti kwamba ilitoa samani kwa malkia wa [[Misri]].  Wakati mwingine hufikiriwa kuwa jiji la kale la Gynaecopolis.<ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=anthylla-geo</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] mk87e61bi8nie4zyfq4pd7o5ua9ntw6 Abadiyeh, Misri 0 151679 1237970 1229178 2022-08-02T06:13:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abadiyeh''' ni sehemu nchini [[Misri]] iliyo karibu maili kumi na mbili magharibi mwa Dendera.<ref>https://archive.org/stream/diospolisparvac00macegoog/diospolisparvac00macegoog_djvu.txt</ref> == Akiolojia == W. M. Flinders Petrie alisaidiwa uchimbaji na David Randall-MacIver na Arthur Cruttenden Mace, haya yamefanyika kwa niaba ya Mfuko wa Uchunguzi wa Misri (EEF). Uchimbaji huo, unaozingatiwa kwa jumla, ulijumuisha maeneo kando ya ukingo wa magharibi wa Mto [[Nile]] katika mkoa wa Hiw, imepatikana kuwa na vibaki vya aina ya Predynastic.<ref>http://escholarship.org/uc/item/55b9t6d7;jsessionid=E2D8B118E529CCF9534C9E6DFFD9F953#page-1</ref> Makaburi ya awali yalipatikana huko Abadiyas na [[Hu]] (Diospolis Parva).<ref>https://archive.org/stream/diospolisparvac00macegoog#page/n16/mode/2up</ref><ref>[http://www.classics.und.ac.za/Projects/pendlebury/sequence.htm Museum of Classical Archaeology, Memorial Tower Building , University of Natal (Durban) Archived May 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine retrieved approx' 17;49 30.9.11]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] <references /> gm2y4ercr7fhtrevz3fv9bhf42p2jbc Akhmim 0 151713 1237984 1229832 2022-08-02T06:27:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akhmim]] ([[Kiarabu]]: أخميم, inatamkwa [ʔæxˈmiːm]; Kikoptiki cha Akhmimic: ⳉⲙⲓⲙ, inatamkwa [xmiːm]; Sahidic/Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲙⲓⲛ inatamkwa [ʃmiːn]) ni [[jiji]] lililopo katika utawala wa sohag kanda za juu za [[Misri]].Inajulikana na [[Wagiriki wa kale|Wagiriki]] wa kale kama Khemmis au Chemmis ([[Kigiriki cha Kale|Kigiriki]]: Χέμμις)<ref>https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1927/page/n91/mode/2up</ref> na Panopolis ([[Kigiriki cha Kale|Kigiriki]]: Πανὸς πόλις),<ref>https://www.trismegistos.org/place/1589</ref> ipo kwenye ukingo wa mashariki wa [[Nile]], maili nne (kilomita 6.4) kaskazini mashariki mwa Sohag.''' ==== [[Faili:Egypt relief location map.jpg|thumb|eneo ndani ya Misri <ref>https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Akhmim&params=26_34_N_31_45_E_region:EG_type:city</ref>]] [[Faili:AkhmimHasanMinaret.jpg|thumb|Msikiti wa mtoto wa mfalme Hasan]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] 5r0seo4oir1v1parl472cqi5m05bozs Athribis 0 151733 1237992 1229279 2022-08-02T06:44:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Relief Athribis 02.jpg|border|right|thumb|kipande cha jiwe kilichochukua na Rameses II, [[nasaba]] ya [[19]][[Faili:Egypt adm location map.svg|border|thumb]]]] '''Athribis''' (kwa kiarabu: أتريب; kwa [[kigiriki]]:Ἄθρριβις<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus</ref>, kwa [[kimisri]] '''''Hut-heryib''''', kikoptiki: '''Ⲁⲑⲣⲏⲃⲓ'''<ref>https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html</ref>) ilikua ni jiji la Kala lipatikanalo ukanda wa chini wa Misri. Hivi sasa linapatikana '''Tell Atrib''', kusini mwa Benha kwenye milima ya Kom Sidi Yusuf. Mji huo upo kilometa 40 kaskazini mwa Cairo, mashariki mwa ukingo wa tawi la [[Damietta]] lipatikanalo [[Nile]]. Eneo hilo lilichukuliwa zama za [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Ptolemaic]], [[Roman]] na Byzantine<ref>Mysliwiec 2013</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] 84md1x2qxpri3gzfw10atj5shihbbut Buhen 0 151746 1238016 1229833 2022-08-02T06:57:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Buhen]] ([[Kigiriki cha Kale|Kigiriki]]: Βοὥν Bohón)<ref>https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft</ref> yalikua ni makazi ya kale ya [[Misri]] yaliokuepo kwenye ukingo wa Magharibi wa [[Mto Nile]] chini (Kaskazini mwa) Maporomoko makubwa ya pili ya maji katika eneo ambalo sasa ni Jimbo la Kaskazini, [[Sudan]]. Kwa sasa imezama katika [[Ziwa la Nasser|Ziwa Nasser]], [[Sudan]].  Kwenye ukingo wa Mashariki, ng'ambo ya mto, kulikuwa na makazi mengine ya kale, ambapo mji wa [[Wadi Halfa]] upo sasa . Kutajwa kwa mwanzo zaidi kwa [[Buhen]] kunatokana na stelae kwa utawala wa Senusret I.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=Ow0TAAAAYAAJ&q=buhen&pg=PP9&redir_esc=y</ref>  [[Buhen]] pia ni makazi ya mwanzo ya [[Wamisri]] kujulikana katika ardhi ya [[Nubia]] <ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/3821897?origin=crossref</ref> [[Faili:Fortress of the Middle Kingdom, reconstructed under the New Kingdom ( about 1200 B.C.).jpg|thumb|Ngome ya Ufalme wa Kati, iliyojengwa upya chini ya Ufalme Mpya (takriban 1200 K.K.)]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] lpog3n6qqkfhnj2iyx0c56mcba1lc23 Cecilia, Mlima wa Meza 0 151759 1238020 1229318 2022-08-02T07:02:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Table Mountain (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Eagles Nest" Peak, karibu na ukingo wa kusini wa Msitu wa Cecilia]] '''Cecilia''' ni sehemu ya Mbuga ya Taifa ya milima meza kwenye miteremko ya chini ya mashariki ya mlima meza huko Cape Town, iliyoko kusini mwa Bustani ya Kitaifa ya Mimea ya Kirstenbosch. hapo awali ilitumika kwa ukataji miti kibiashara na ikijulikana kama Cecilia Msitu au Cecilia Upandaji miti, lakini sasa imepewa hadhi ya kulindwa na kuunganishwa katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa.<ref>https://www.sanparks.org/parks/table_mountain/about/2007/cecilia.php</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika Kusini]] 10x3e2ue4sjz5e6yy0yla60sbwa7h17 Esna 0 151762 1238055 1229315 2022-08-02T07:44:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Images by the Nile No 329..JPG|thumb|Nile No 329]] '''Esna''' ([[Kiarabu]]: إنا IPA: [ˈʔesnæ], [[Misri]] ya zamani: jwny.t au tꜣ-snt<ref>https://bookdown.org/shemanefer/Esna2/</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20050411175648/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/afrika/aegypten/esna_tempel.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kikoptiki: ⲥⲛⲏ au ⲉⲥⲛⲏ snē kutoka tꜣ-snt<ref>http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/23/Isna.html</ref>; [koinē Greek: λαthingόλ λ ς π λ λ )<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20101010235417/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/932/feature.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kilatini: Lato), ni [[jiji]] la [[Misri]], Uko kwenye ukingo wa [[magharibi]] wa [[Nile]] takriban kilomita 55 [[kusini]] mwa [[Luxor]]. Mji huu hapo awali ulikuwa sehemu ya [[Gavana]] wa [[Mkoa wa Qena|Qena]] wa kisasa, lakini kufikia tarehe 9 Desemba 2009, ulijumuishwa katika Jimbo mpya la [[Luxor]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Misri}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] t688ou6do67dwatw9zsudtmx7dzkykn Cynopolis 0 151770 1238042 1229337 2022-08-02T07:20:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynopolis''' ( {{Lang-el|Κυνόπολις}} neno hilo lina maana ya "mji wa mbwa" <ref>http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0510.htm</ref>) lilikuwa jina kuu la [[Nasaba ya Waptolemaio|Kigiriki]] la miji miwili katika [[Misri ya Kale|Misri ya kale]] . Wakuu wote wa Cynopolis walikuwa [[Dayosisi|maaskofu]] katika nyakati za [[Ukristo]]. <ref>http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0509.htm</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Fupi}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] rfqc67e6n1bl3c7nvrlahy0mqoyenp7 Deir el-Ballas 0 151776 1238047 1229758 2022-08-02T07:28:20Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deir el-Ballas''' ni ukanda wa kiakiolojia huko [[Misri]] . Iilikuwa ni eneo la kifalme na kituo cha utawala kilichokaliwa na watawala wa Karne ya Kumi na Saba katika Kipindi cha Pili cha Kati cha [[Misri ya Kale|Misri ya kale]] . == Mahali == Deir el-Ballas "inapatikana kwenye ukingo wa Mto [[Nile]]" kwenye ukingo wake wa [[magharibi]], <ref name="ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Deir-el-Ballas-CWA-084-.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Egyptian empire strikes back : Peter Lacovara tells CWA why this city-palace must be preserved.|work=Ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com|accessdate=13 September 2018}}</ref> takriban kilomita ishirini kusini mwa Dendara <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arce.org/publications/books/u9|title=Deir el-Ballas Preliminary Report on the Deir el-Ballas Expedition, 1980-1986 {{!}} American Research Center in Egypt|work=Arce.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118104426/http://www.arce.org/publications/books/u9|archivedate=2015-01-18}}</ref> <ref name="ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com" /> na kaskazini mwa [[Thebes]] ( [[Luxor]] ya kisasa). <ref name="ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Misri}} [[Jamii: Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 4h3aph5wl4gshmqiq48jn59eadbw6xv El Badari, Misri 0 151790 1238053 1230152 2022-08-02T07:38:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''El Badari''' ni [[mji]] katika Mkoa wa Asyut, Misri ya Juu, ulioko kati ya Matmar na Qaw El Kebir <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Stefan%2C+Timm+(1988).+Das+christlich-koptische+Agypten+in+arabischer+Zeit.+p.+664.&oq=Stefan%2C+Timm+(1988).+Das+christlich-koptische+Agypten+in+arabischer+Zeit.+p.+664.&aqs=chrome..69i57.1120j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref>. == Akiolojia == Makala kuu: Utamaduni wa Badarian El Badari ina eneo la kiakiolojia lenye makaburi mengi ya Predynastic (hasa Mostagedda, Deir Tasa na makaburi ya El Badari yenyewe), pamoja na angalau makazi moja ya awali ya Predynastic huko Hammamia. Eneo hilo lina urefu wa kilomita<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Shaw%2C+Ian%2C+ed.+(2000).+The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Oxford+University+Press.+pp.+479.+ISBN+0-19-815034-2.&oq=Shaw%2C+Ian%2C+ed.+(2000).+The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Oxford+University+Press.+pp.+479.+ISBN+0-19-815034-2.&aqs=chrome..69i57.1381j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> 30 (19 mi) kando ya ukingo wa mashariki wa Mto Nile, na lilichimbwa kwa mara ya kwanza na Guy<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Watterson%2C+Barbara+(1998).+The+Egyptians.+Wiley-Blackwell.+pp.+31.+ISBN+0-631-21195-0.&oq=Watterson%2C+Barbara+(1998).+The+Egyptians.+Wiley-Blackwell.+pp.+31.+ISBN+0-631-21195-0.&aqs=chrome..69i57.1316j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> Brunton na Gertrude Caton-Thompson kati ya 1922 na 1931. Ugunduzi kutoka kwa El Badari unaunda msingi wa asili wa tamaduni ya Badarian<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%2C+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF.+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.+p.+23.&oq=%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%2C+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF.+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9.+p.+23.&aqs=chrome..69i57.988j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> (c. 5500-4000 BC), awamu ya kwanza ya kipindi cha Predynastic ya Juu ya Misri. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Misri}} [[Jamii: Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii: Utalii wa Misri]] 42fnzcxhw5rjuf9w70m3rnafu354sf6 Canopus, Misri 0 151806 1238013 1229408 2022-08-02T06:55:58Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Canopus''' (Kikoptiki: Ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲡⲟⲥ, Kanopos; [[Kigiriki]]: Κάνωπος, Kanōpos), pia inajulikana kama '''Canobus''' ([[Kigiriki]]: Κάνωβος, Kanobos), <ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Qir_Bay#/media/File%3AAbuQirBay.png</ref> ulikuwa mji wa [[Nile|pwani wa Misri wa kale wa]] Nileta. Mahali pake iko kwenye viunga vya mashariki vya A[[Nile ya buluu|lexandria ya kisasa]], karibu kilomita 25 (16 mi) kutoka katikati mwa jiji hilo. canopus ilikuwa kwenye ukingo wa magharibi kwenye mdomo wa tawi la magharibi kabisa la Delta - linalojulikana kama tawi la Canopic au Heracleotic. Ilikuwa ya [[Nomino|Nome]] ya saba ya Wamisri, inayojulikana kama Menelaites, na baadaye kama Canopites, baada yake. ilikuwa bandari kuu nchini Misri kwa biashara ya Wagiriki kabla ya kuanzishwa kwa Alexandria, pamoja na [[Naucalpan|Naucratis]] na [[Heraklemon|Heracleion]]. Magofu yake yako karibu na mji wa sasa wa Misri wa [[Qur'an|Abu Qir]]. [[Faili:Egypt adm location map.svg|thumb|Iliyoonyeshwa ndani ya Misri]] [[Faili:Canopus menouthis herakleion.jpg|thumb]] {| class="wikitable" |+Canopus | colspan="2" |ⲕⲁⲛⲱⲡⲟⲥ |} Ardhi katika eneo la Canopus ilikumbwa na kupanda kwa viwango vya bahari, matetemeko ya ardhi, tsunami, na sehemu kubwa zake zilionekana kushindwa na umiminikaji wakati fulani mwishoni mwa karne ya 2 KK. vitongoji vya mashariki vya Canopus viliporomoka, <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/aug/15/lost-cities-6-thonis-heracleion-egypt-sunken-sea</ref>mabaki yao leo yakiwa yamezama baharini, huku vitongoji vya magharibi vikizikwa chini ya mji wa kisasa wa pwani wa [[Abu Bakr|Abu Qir]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] f15dhwc3sjreihoeeiqsnsy8ef4xda6 Arish 0 151827 1237991 1229455 2022-08-02T06:41:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ʻArish''' au '''el-ʻArīsh''' ( Arabic ''al-ʿArīš'' Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [elʕæˈɾiːʃ], Coptic ''Hrinokorura'' ) ndio [[mji mkuu]] na jiji kubwa zaidi ( lenye wakazi 164,830 as of 2012 ) ya Jimbo la [[Mkoa wa Sinai Kaskazini|Sinai Kaskazini]] la Misri, pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi kwenye Peninsula yote ya [[Rasi ya Sinai|Sinai]], iliyo kwenye pwani ya [[Bahari ya Mediteranea|Mediterania]] {{Convert|344|km|mi|sp=us}} kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Kairo|Cairo]] . Inapakana na Ukanda wa Gaza na Israel. `Arīsh inatofautishwa na maji yake ya buluu safi, miti ya mitende iliyoenea yenye matunda kwenye ufuo wake, na mchanga wake mweupe laini. Ina [[marina]], na hoteli nyingi za kifahari. Jiji pia lina baadhi ya vitivo vya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Suez Canal]] . `Arīsh iko kando ya [[wadi]] kubwa, Wadi al-ʻArīsh, ambayo hupokea maji ya [[Mafuriko ya ghafla|mafuriko]] kutoka sehemu kubwa ya kaskazini na katikati mwa Sinai. [[Walinzi wa Misri|Mlinzi wa Azzaraniq]] uko upande wa mashariki wa `Arīsh. <ref><span class="plainlinks">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34362/Al-Arish Arish]</span>. Britannica.com</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] o8nv2urjputk0wsipd2unmpuch6osyt Chã de Areia 0 151869 1238029 1229786 2022-08-02T07:11:47Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chã de Areia''' ni [[tarafa]] ya [[mji]] wa [[Praia]] katika [[kisiwa]] cha [[Santiago (Cabo Verde)|Santiago]], [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] . Idadi ya wakazi wake ilikuwa 247 katika sensa ya [[2010]]. <ref name="census10">{{Cite web|url=http://ine.cv/censo_quadros/santiago-2/|title=2010 Census results Santiago|work=[[Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Cape Verde)|Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde]]|date=24 November 2016|language=Portuguese}}</ref> Iko kusini na magharibi mwa katikati mwa jiji. Vitongoji vya karibu ni pamoja na Plateau kaskazini mashariki, Achadinha kaskazini, Várzea upande wa magharibi, Achada Santo António kuelekea kusini-magharibi na Prainha upande wa kusini. Mitaa yake kuu ni Avenida Combatentes da Liberdade da Patria na Avenida Cidade de Lisboa . Mambo ya kupendeza katika Chã de Areia ni pamoja na ufuo wa Gamboa, bandari ya zamani ya Praia na Hifadhi ya Kumbukumbu ya Kitaifa ya Cape Verde, iliyo katika jengo la zamani la forodha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://casacomum.org/cc/parceiros?inst=8|title=Cape Verdean National Archives, the ANCV|publisher=Casa Comum|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] f6f6o7bwjbx8aib9yakprfrvzvnf79x Contra Latopolis 0 151966 1238032 1229840 2022-08-02T07:13:57Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Temple to Isis in Contra Latopolis.jpg|right|thumb|hekalu la Isis katika Contra Latopolis]] [[Contra Latopolis]] (kuna wakati liliitwa Al Hilla<ref>https://mapcarta.com/13067984</ref>  or El-Hella<ref>https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/detail.php?tm=4990</ref>) ni hekalu la [[misri]]. Wakati wa utawala [[Cleopatra]],<ref>https://archive.org/details/historycleopatr00abbogoog</ref> hekalu<ref>https://archive.org/details/historyofegyptfr02shariala/page/4/mode/1up?view=theater</ref> hadi Isis <ref name=":0">https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=cLBhof4h2K4C&pg=PA275&dq=%22El-Hella%22&redir_esc=y&hl=sw#v=onepage&q=%22El-Hella%22&f=false</ref> lilijengwa mkabala na Latopolis, au Esne kama inavyojulikana sasa,<ref>https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofan01fosbuoft/page/14/mode/1up?view=theater</ref> kwa upande mwingine wa Nile kutoka kwenye makazi haya.  Watu wa [[Kirumi]] walilijenga hili, nakuliita jengo hilo [[Contra Latopolis]].  Ni machache sana ya ujenzi huu yamesalia hadi zama hizi, yote isipokuwa "baraza kubwa  lililoshikiliwa na safu mbili zenye nguzo nne" [[Hekalu]] lililojengwa pamoja na miundo hii iliyotajwa ni pamoja na, lililowekwa kwenye miinuko mikali, tufe yenye mbawa zilizonyooshwa kila upande.  Kuta za jengo hilo zilipatikana zimefunikwa na maandishi ya hieroglifiki.  Kati ya majina yao, la kwanza kati ya haya lilionyesha Cleopatra Cocce (Cleopatra III),<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=x61r644Dvd0C&pg=PA111&dq=%22El-Hella%22&hl=en&ei=z9nlTsqRLtOJhQfms43zAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22El-Hella%22&f=false</ref> na mtoto wake wakiume [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy Soter]], lililoandikwa karibuni zaidi lilionyesha jina la [[Commodus|Emperor Commodus]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120523042549/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17330/17330-h/v10c.htm</ref> mapambo hayo yalifanywa kati ya utawala wa Cleopatra III na Soter II.<ref name=":0" /> Nguzo za jengo la [[Contra Latopolis]] inasemekana na Maspero kuwa nizatokea ujenzi unaanza kipindi cha [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Ptolemic]], nguzo za majengo kutoka [[Contra Latopolis]] ilichukuliwa kama mifano ya kitofauti hasa ya mpangilio rasmi ya usanifu ambapo mungu [[Hathor]] aliekwa kama mkuu juu ya nguzo za  [[Mahekalu ya Misri|mahekalu]].<ref>http://www.hotfreebooks.com/book/Manual-Of-Egyptian-Archaeology-And-Guide-To-The-Study-Of-Antiquities-In-Egypt-Gaston-Camille-Charles-Maspero--2.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] 6hv78kokwtitt5k305r4wmewfgr4gui Cova (kasoko) 0 152032 1238035 1230147 2022-08-02T07:15:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cova''' ni eneo la [[Kaldera|volkeno]] katika sehemu ya mashariki ya kisiwa cha [[Santo Antão (Cabo Verde)|Santo Antão]] huko [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] . Iko katika mwisho wa kusini-magharibi wa manispaa ya [[Paul, Cape Verde|Paul]] . Sehemu yake ya chini kabisa ni mita 1,166, na sehemu ya juu zaidi ya ukingo wa volkeno ni kama m 1,500. Kipenyo cha caldera ni karibu 1.0&nbsp;km. Ni sehemu ya Cova-Paul-Ribeira da Torre Natural Park . <ref name="areas">[http://www.areasprotegidas.gov.cv/images/Parques%20Naturais_pdf.pdf Parques Naturais], Áreas protegidas Cabo Verde</ref> Uundaji wa Cova ulianza kati ya miaka milioni 1.4 na 700,000 iliyopita. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Sampling the Cape Verde Mantle Plume: Evolution of Melt Compositions on Santo Antão, Cape Verde Island|last=Holm|first=Paul Martin|publisher=|year=2006|volume=47|page=145-18|doi=10.1093/petrology/egi071|issue=1}}</ref> Kreta ya Cova inanufaika kutokana na viwango vya juu vya kunyesha vinavyobebwa na upepo wa kibiashara. Chini ya caldera [[mahindi]] na [[maharagwe]] hupandwa. [[Uoto wa asili]] na nusu asilia huchukua kuta za volkeno zinazotazama kaskazini na kaskazini mashariki. Kuta zinazoelekea kusini zimefunikwa na msitu wa spishi za ''Pinus'' na ''Cupressus'' . <ref name="gomes">[http://www.portaldoconhecimento.gov.cv/bitstream/10961/1973/1/Consultoria%20em%20Gest%C3%A3o%20de%20Recursos%20Naturais%20%E2%80%93%20%C3%81reas%20Protegidas%20Santo%20Ant%C3%A3o.pdf Consultoria em Gestão de Recursos Naturais], Isildo Gomes, p. 17-30</ref> Kuna [[kijiji]] kidogo kwenye crater (idadi ya watu 10 katika sensa ya 2010), sehemu ya makazi ya [[Cabo da Ribeira]] . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Hifadhi ya mazingira]] [[Jamii:Utalii]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 2jujqxmxmhbqe37kmejkwmhbzr76rc5 Asaana 0 152038 1237990 1236562 2022-08-02T06:40:37Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asaana''' ni [[kinywaji]] kisicho na [[kileo]], kilichotengenezwa kwa [[mahindi]] yaliyochachushwa na [[sukari]] ya karameli. Inajulikana kama elewonyo katika sehemu nyingine za [[Ghana]] na inajulikana katika nchi nyingi kama kinywaji cha bia ya mahindi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to prepare 'Asaana' (caramelized corn drink)|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/weekend-special-how-to-prepare-asaana-caramelized-corn-drink/elzrp8j|work=Pulse Ghana|date=2018-03-23|accessdate=2022-06-12|language=en|author=Kwasy Danyels}}</ref> Viungo vyake ni mahindi yaliyochachushwa, sukari na maji. == Mbinu ya maandalizi == Loweka mahindi yaliyosagwa kwa takriban siku tatu ili kuchachushwa [[Nafaka]] iliyochachushwa huchemshwa kwa muda wa dakika arobaini na tano hadi povu iwe wazi Chemsha sukari kwa kiasi kidogo cha maji ili kutengeneza caramel (rangi ya hudhurungi) Maji kutoka kwa nafaka ya kuchemsha huchujwa na kuongezwa kwa caramel ili kufanya kinywaji Kutumikia kilichopozwa, wazi au kwa maziwa == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Vinywaji]] 1ztaryftvto6t6u3vv9g6uy202e0tng Delele 0 152039 1238048 1236568 2022-08-02T07:29:39Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Delele''' ni mlo wa [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Botswana]] na Kaskazini mwa [[Afrika Kusini]] uliotengenezwa kutoka kwa [[mmea]] wa kienyeji wa jina moja, na mara nyingi huliwa pamoja na sadza au phaletšhe au Vhuswa. Neno la Kiingereza la delele ni Okra<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=DlooAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Delele%22+zimbabwe</ref>. Bamia pia inajulikana kama "derere".<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=DlooAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Delele%22+zimbabwe</ref> Imetayarishwa na soda ya kuoka na inajulikana sana kwa muundo wake mwembamba. Delele inaweza kukaushwa kabla ya kupika, lakini mara nyingi zaidi hupikwa safi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] 02vs7tj4arkrlwy48m791w3ulena8kd Eba 0 152042 1238051 1236569 2022-08-02T07:36:08Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ẹ̀bà''' ni [[chakula]] kikuu kinacholiwa katika ukanda wa Afrika Magharibi, hasa [[Nigeria]] na sehemu za Ghana.<ref>https://food.bolt.eu/en-US/320-nairobi/p/34181-tomi%27s-kitchen</ref>Inaitwa haswa Eba na Wayoruba. <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/10875/recipe-how-to-prepare-eba-the-right-way.html</ref>Ni chakula cha wanga kilichopikwa kwa unga wa muhogo uliokaushwa (manioc), unaojulikana kama garri. Mlo huu mara nyingi hufafanuliwa kuwa na ladha kali kidogo.<ref>https://allnigerianfoods.com/what-is-eba</ref><ref>https://www.seriouseats.com/nigerian-eba-5270376</ref> Ili kutengeneza ẹ̀bà, unga wa garri (ambao unapaswa kuchanganywa zaidi ikiwa tayari haujakamilika) huchanganywa katika maji ya moto na kukorogwa vizuri na kwa nguvu na koleo la mbao hadi liwe unga mnene, unaoweza kuviringishwa kuwa mpira. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] mn019d7bsz7nyere0kbcgl6n61jq1z8 Carniriv 0 152043 1238019 1232731 2022-08-02T07:00:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carniriv''' ni tamasha la kila mwaka linalofanyika huko ''port Harcourt, Nigeria''. Tamasha huanza wiki chache kabla ya Krismasi na kudumu kwa siku saba. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-20|title=Carnival Rivers: Celebration of the tribes|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/12/carnival-rivers-celebration-of-the-tribes/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> Tamasha la ''Port Harcourt Carniva'' huwa na utofauti wa aina yake kwani hujumuisha matasha mawili, tamasha la kiutamaduni na tamasha la kisasa ya staili ya Caribbean.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 Port Harcourt, Nigeria Carnival and Parades - Finelib.com Events|url=https://www.finelib.com/events/carnivals-and-parades/port-harcourt-nigeria-carnival-and-parades/43|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.finelib.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnirivnigeria.com/carnival/index.php/about-us/carniriv-2013 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117053216/http://www.carnirivnigeria.com/carnival/index.php/about-us/carniriv-2013 |archivedate=2013-11-17 }}</ref> [[Serikali]] inatambua Carniriv kama kivutio kikubwa cha utalii. Katika maslahi ya uchumi, serikali imeazimia kukuza tamasha hili itambulike duniani kama moja ya vivutio vya utalii dunia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnirivnigeria.com/carnival/index.php/about-us/carniriv-2013 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117053216/http://www.carnirivnigeria.com/carnival/index.php/about-us/carniriv-2013 |archivedate=2013-11-17 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Matamasha ya Nigeria]] mjccvqlv6pdfrvugdy1j7uk07mim33y Ayigbe 0 152053 1237998 1233696 2022-08-02T06:47:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayigbe''' ni vitafunio vya nchini [[Ghana]] vilivyotengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozume katika Mkoa wa Volta. == Historia == Biskuti hiyo ilitengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozome katika Mkoa wa Volta. Yonunawo Kwami Edze alianzisha biskuti kwa jamii ya Agbozome aliporudi kutoka Ivory Coast kama mwokaji mikate mnamo 1907. Aliweza kutumia ujuzi aliojifunza kutengeneza Biskuti ya Ayigbe ambayo inafurahiwa na Waghana hadi sasa. Vitafunio hivi vinaweza kumudu kiuchumi kwa sababu aliwafunza wanawake wengi jinsi ya kuandaa biskuti ili kujikimu kimaisha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 June 2012|title=Ayigbe biscuit: Yes we can!|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=AYIGBE BISCUIT A MUST TRY GHANAIAN GLUTEN-FREE STREET SNACK|url=http://www.ghanafoodnetwork.net/recipe/ayigbe-biscuit/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanafoodnetwork.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayigbe Glutenfree Cassava Coconut Cookie|url=https://www.savourous.com/recipe-view/ayigbe-glutenfree-cassava-coconut-cookie/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=Savourous|language=en-US}}</ref> == Viungo == Viungo vilivyotumika katika utayarishaji wa Biskuti ya Ayigbe. Wanga wa muhogo Nazi Sukari Chumvi maji Maandalizi Katika kutengeneza biskuti unachanganya wanga ya muhogo, nazi, sukari, chumvi na maji pamoja na baada ya mchanganyiko huo kuweka kwenye oveni ili kuoka kwa joto fulani. Biskuti ikawa na rangi ya hudhurungi nyeupe baada ya kuoka kabisa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 7llzjgdt1bjltz7o7dc0ro9x8ehpayj 1238003 1237998 2022-08-02T06:50:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayigbe''' ni vitafunio vya nchini [[Ghana]] vilivyotengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozume katika Mkoa wa Volta<ref>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556</ref> [[Faili:Ayigbe Biscuit 01.jpg|center|thumb|'''Biskuti za Ayigbe''' . == Historia == Biskuti hiyo ilitengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozome katika Mkoa wa Volta. Yonunawo Kwami Edze alianzisha biskuti kwa jamii ya Agbozome aliporudi kutoka Ivory Coast kama mwokaji mikate mnamo 1907. Aliweza kutumia ujuzi aliojifunza kutengeneza Biskuti ya Ayigbe ambayo inafurahiwa na Waghana hadi sasa. Vitafunio hivi vinaweza kumudu kiuchumi kwa sababu aliwafunza wanawake wengi jinsi ya kuandaa biskuti ili kujikimu kimaisha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 June 2012|title=Ayigbe biscuit: Yes we can!|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=AYIGBE BISCUIT A MUST TRY GHANAIAN GLUTEN-FREE STREET SNACK|url=http://www.ghanafoodnetwork.net/recipe/ayigbe-biscuit/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanafoodnetwork.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayigbe Glutenfree Cassava Coconut Cookie|url=https://www.savourous.com/recipe-view/ayigbe-glutenfree-cassava-coconut-cookie/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=Savourous|language=en-US}}</ref> Viungo vilivyotumika katika utayarishaji wa Biskuti ya Ayigbe ni: Wanga wa muhogo, Nazi, Sukari, Chumvi, mbali ya maji. Katika kutengeneza biskuti unachanganya wanga ya muhogo, nazi, sukari, chumvi na maji pamoja na baada ya mchanganyiko huo kuweka kwenye oveni ili kuoka kwa joto fulani. Biskuti ikawa na rangi ya hudhurungi nyeupe baada ya kuoka kabisa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 3eejznx1hrkc5o4ra31f77hrwubhy57 1238004 1238003 2022-08-02T06:51:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayigbe''' ni vitafunio vya nchini [[Ghana]] vilivyotengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozume katika Mkoa wa Volta<ref>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556</ref> [[Faili:Ayigbe Biscuit 01.jpg|center|thumb|Biskuti za Ayigbe.]] == Historia == Biskuti hiyo ilitengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozome katika Mkoa wa Volta. Yonunawo Kwami Edze alianzisha biskuti kwa jamii ya Agbozome aliporudi kutoka Ivory Coast kama mwokaji mikate mnamo 1907. Aliweza kutumia ujuzi aliojifunza kutengeneza Biskuti ya Ayigbe ambayo inafurahiwa na Waghana hadi sasa. Vitafunio hivi vinaweza kumudu kiuchumi kwa sababu aliwafunza wanawake wengi jinsi ya kuandaa biskuti ili kujikimu kimaisha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 June 2012|title=Ayigbe biscuit: Yes we can!|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=AYIGBE BISCUIT A MUST TRY GHANAIAN GLUTEN-FREE STREET SNACK|url=http://www.ghanafoodnetwork.net/recipe/ayigbe-biscuit/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanafoodnetwork.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayigbe Glutenfree Cassava Coconut Cookie|url=https://www.savourous.com/recipe-view/ayigbe-glutenfree-cassava-coconut-cookie/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=Savourous|language=en-US}}</ref> Viungo vilivyotumika katika utayarishaji wa Biskuti ya Ayigbe ni: Wanga wa muhogo, Nazi, Sukari, Chumvi, mbali ya maji. Katika kutengeneza biskuti unachanganya wanga ya muhogo, nazi, sukari, chumvi na maji pamoja na baada ya mchanganyiko huo kuweka kwenye oveni ili kuoka kwa joto fulani. Biskuti ikawa na rangi ya hudhurungi nyeupe baada ya kuoka kabisa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] pcej14bt5l7bvxuwh8jrf2n2l0734l7 1238006 1238004 2022-08-02T06:51:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayigbe''' ni vitafunio vya nchini [[Ghana]] vilivyotengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozume katika Mkoa wa Volta<ref>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556</ref> [[Faili:Ayigbe Biscuit 01.jpg|thumb|Biskuti za Ayigbe.]] == Historia == Biskuti hiyo ilitengenezwa na Yonunawo Kwami Edze kutoka Agbozome katika Mkoa wa Volta. Yonunawo Kwami Edze alianzisha biskuti kwa jamii ya Agbozome aliporudi kutoka Ivory Coast kama mwokaji mikate mnamo 1907. Aliweza kutumia ujuzi aliojifunza kutengeneza Biskuti ya Ayigbe ambayo inafurahiwa na Waghana hadi sasa. Vitafunio hivi vinaweza kumudu kiuchumi kwa sababu aliwafunza wanawake wengi jinsi ya kuandaa biskuti ili kujikimu kimaisha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=11 June 2012|title=Ayigbe biscuit: Yes we can!|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Ayigbe-biscuit-Yes-we-can-241556|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=AYIGBE BISCUIT A MUST TRY GHANAIAN GLUTEN-FREE STREET SNACK|url=http://www.ghanafoodnetwork.net/recipe/ayigbe-biscuit/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-14|website=www.ghanafoodnetwork.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayigbe Glutenfree Cassava Coconut Cookie|url=https://www.savourous.com/recipe-view/ayigbe-glutenfree-cassava-coconut-cookie/|access-date=2020-06-14|website=Savourous|language=en-US}}</ref> Viungo vilivyotumika katika utayarishaji wa Biskuti ya Ayigbe ni: Wanga wa muhogo, Nazi, Sukari, Chumvi, mbali ya maji. Katika kutengeneza biskuti unachanganya wanga ya muhogo, nazi, sukari, chumvi na maji pamoja na baada ya mchanganyiko huo kuweka kwenye oveni ili kuoka kwa joto fulani. Biskuti ikawa na rangi ya hudhurungi nyeupe baada ya kuoka kabisa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 3aiy4a6ay8n29rjfbs791825ha57vly Agbeli Kaklo 0 152054 1237977 1229913 2022-08-02T06:21:59Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Agbeli Kaklo.jpg||thumb|Agbeli Kaklo]] '''Agbeli Kaklo''' ni vitafunio vya Ghana  kinachotengenezwa na mihogo na kuliwa na wenyeji. Vitafunio hivyo vilitokea sehemu ya kusini ya mkoa wa Volta. Mara nyingi huliwa na nazi ngumu.  Vitafunio hivyo vinaitwa hivyo kwa sababu vinatokana na mihogo.<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/agbelikaklo-the-comfort-food-from-volta.html</ref><ref>https://m.facebook.com/Telandeworld/posts/1797880156903712</ref><ref>https://yen.com.gh/72353-8-ghanaian-snacks-can-eat-day-every-day.html</ref><ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghanas-independence-celebration-to-be-marked-in-nyc-with-west-african-street-food-pop-up</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/12932/when-was-the-last-time-you-had-crunchy-agbeli-kakl.html</ref><ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/pulse-foods-how-to-prepare-agbeli-kaklo/tvg2bx5</ref><ref><nowiki>https://youtu.be/wfmQdxpxq2M</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] 0fkcsadtglsyvdhlv2b2u9wuaqtc4hx Dambou 0 152056 1238046 1229915 2022-08-02T07:26:23Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dambu.jpg|thumb|[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambou#/media/File%3ADambou.jpg Dambou.]]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] '''Dambou''' (pia Dambu) ni mlo wa asili wa [[Nigeria|Zarma]] na [[Région Centre|Songhai]] wa Kusini-Magharibi mwa [[Niger]] iliyotengenezwa kwa nafaka na [[Moringa oleifera|Moringa]]. Inatumika wakati wowote lakini haswa wakati wa sherehe za nje na [[harusi]]. sahani hii pia ni ya kawaida kati ya watu wa Dendi wa Benin Kaskazini na miji mingine ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]]. Pia ni kawaida katika Makazi ya Zongo ambako Songhai na Zarma husafiri.<ref>"Dambou", couscous aux épinards</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Dambou | colspan="2" |Dambou |- !Alternative names |Dambu |- !Place of origin |Niger |- !Created by |Zarma people, Songhai people |- !Main ingredients |Usually Rice Flour or millet, wheat or corn couscous or corn couscous, moringa leaves, peanut, meat or fish |- | colspan="2" | * Cookbook: Dambou *  Media: Dambou |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} dv3lmwenk8d48nesyat7jxxxvf6dv7w Bariis Iskukaris 0 152065 1237999 1230154 2022-08-02T06:47:56Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bariis Iskukaris''', pia huitwa '''Isku-dheh karis''' (Kisomali البيلاف الصومالي), au inajulikana tu kama '''Bariis''' ni sahani ya jadi ya wali kutoka vyakula vya Kisomali . <ref name="Moju 2018">{{Cite web|author=Moju|first=Kiano|title=Somali Bariis By Amal Dalmar Recipe by Tasty|work=tasty.co|date=2018-06-01|url=https://tasty.co/recipe/somali-bariis-as-made-by-amal-dalmar|accessdate=2019-03-27}}</ref> <ref name="Xawaash.com 2013">{{Cite web|title=Somali Rice Pilaf (Bariis Maraq) Riz Pilaf Somali البيلاف الصومالي|work=Xawaash.com|date=2013-01-14|url=http://xawaash.com/?p=5892|language=la|accessdate=2019-03-27}}</ref> Jina ''Isku-dheh karis'' kihalisi linamaanisha "kupikwa vikichanganywa pamoja", kwa hivyo wakati mwingine hutumiwa kurejelea kwa upana zaidi mazao mengine yanayotokana na nafaka ambayo yanahitaji kupikia sawa. Kwa hivyo neno mahususi zaidi la sahani hii ni ''bariis isku-dheh karis'' ambalo linamaanisha "mchele (bariis) uliopikwa pamoja". <ref>{{Cite book|title=The World Cookbook for Students|last=Jacob|first=Jeanne|date=2006|page=xv}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 9svqby4p7kglua0vkz8avwltpuvdz2d Berbere 0 152075 1238002 1229956 2022-08-02T06:50:39Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Berbere''' ( [[Kioromo|Oromo]] : ''Barbaree'', Amharic ''bärbäre'', Tigrinya ''bärbärä'' ) ni mchanganyiko wa viungo ambavyo viambajengo vyake kwa kawaida hujumuisha pilipili hoho, bizari, [[kitunguu saumu]], [[Mtangawizi|tangawizi]], mbegu za basil takatifu za Ethiopia (besobela), ''korarima'', rue, ajwain au radhuni, nigella, na fenugreek . <ref>Debrawork Abate (1995 EC) [1993 EC]. የባህላዌ መግቦች አዘገጃጀት [Traditional Food Preparation] (in Amharic) (2nd ed.). Addis Ababa: Mega Asatame Derjet (Mega Publisher Enterprise). pp.&nbsp;22–23.</ref> <ref name="ethnomed">{{Cite web|author=Gall|title=Ethiopian Traditional and Herbal Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs|url=http://ethnomed.org/clinical/pharmacy/ethiopian-herb-drug-interactions|work=EthnoMed|publisher=|date=November 3, 2009|accessdate=January 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Gernot|author=Katzer|title=Ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum [L.] Link)|url=http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Trac_cop.html|date=July 20, 2010|accessdate=January 28, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Gebreyesus Koehler 2018 p. 77">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaVbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT77|title=Ethiopia: Recipes and traditions from the horn of Africa|last=Gebreyesus|first=Y.|last2=Koehler|first2=J.|publisher=Octopus|year=2018|isbn=978-0-85783-562-8|page=77|access-date=2021-11-11}}</ref> <ref name="Zewge Mekonnen 2015 p. 191">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8pdCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|title=Ethiopian Cookbook: Pinnacle of Traditional Cuisine|last=Zewge|first=K.|last2=Mekonnen|first2=M.|publisher=Xlibris US|year=2015|isbn=978-1-5035-9041-0|page=191|access-date=2021-11-11}}</ref> Ni kiungo muhimu katika vyakula vya [[Vyakula vya Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] na Eritrea . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] ewydv28r6pe6yobnmwawyk7gydwq7jt Dabo kolo 0 152083 1238045 1229957 2022-08-02T07:24:30Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dabo kolo''' ( [[Kiamhari]] : ዳቦ ቆሎ ) ni vitafunio vya [[Vyakula vya Ethiopia|Waethiopia]] na Eritrea na chakula cha vidole chenye vipande vidogo vya mkate uliookwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/dabo-kolo|title=Dabo Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=|work=www.tasteatlas.com|publisher=|accessdate=27 May 2021|quote=Dabo kolo is an Ethiopian snack with a spicy flavor and crunchy texture, consisting of flour, sugar, salt, water, butter, and [[berbere|berberé]] spices.}}</ref> <ref>{{Youtube|title=Ethiopian Cooking "How to Make Ye Mitad Dabo Kolo" የምጣድ ዳቦ ቆሎ አሰራር}}. Transliterated Amharic: Yemit’adi dabo k’olo āserari. A lady explains how to prepare Dabo kolo with ingredients of [[Manjano|turmeric]] and [[berbere]] for colour, sugar, oil, milk, water and wheat flour. Video of 45m 56s. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</ref> <ref>{{Youtube|title=Ethiopian Food - Dabo Kolo - Sweet snack eaten with Coffee - Buna}}. Ingredients are hot water, salt, sugar, oil, and colouring. The dough is kneaded to a long roll, then cut to small pieces of sweetcorn size, and fried in hot oil for 3 minutes. Video of 1m 51s. Retrieved 27 May 2022.</ref> ''Dabo kolo'' ina maana ya mkate wa mahindi katika [[Kioromo|lugha ya Kioromo]], pamoja na ''dabo'' kwa mkate, na ''kolo'' kwa mahindi au [[shayiri]] iliyochomwa, [[Mnjegere-kubwa|mbaazi]], mbegu za [[alizeti]], nafaka nyingine za kienyeji na karanga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kolo|title=Kolo. Traditional Snack From Ethiopia - TasteAtlas|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=|work=www.tasteatlas.com|publisher=|accessdate=27 May 2022|quote=Kolo is a traditional Ethiopian snack consisting of a combination of roasted grains such as barley, chickpeas, and sunflower seeds.}}</ref> [[Mkate]] wa Kolo umefungwa kwenye koni ya karatasi mara nyingi huuzwa na vibanda vya ndani na wachuuzi wa mitaani. Mkate huo ulitoka kwa Oromo, kikundi cha Wakushi wanaoishi katika sehemu nyingi za Ethiopia, ambapo dabo kolo ni chakula maarufu. Imeandaliwa kwa kukaanga vipande vidogo vya unga vilivyokatwa kutoka kwa safu. Wakati fulani asali huongezwa ili kufanya dabo kolo kuwa tamu zaidi. Dabo kolo pia inachukuliwa kuwa chakula cha kidole cha [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flavorverse.com/traditional-congolese-foods/|title=Top 9 Congolese Foods for Your Appetite|author=Kanjilal|first=Sahana|date=26 November 2019|work=flavorverse.com|publisher=|accessdate=27 May 2022|quote=}}</ref> Kichocheo mbadala cha nadra ni dabo kolo iliyotengenezwa kutoka kwa maharagwe ya kahawa . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2018-01-15/Telangana-International-Sweets-Festival-proves-to-be-a-big-hit-/352206|title=Telangana International Sweets Festival proves to be a big hit|author=The Hans India|date=15 January 2018|accessdate=27 May 2022|work=www.thehansindia.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] iembdnaifnxz851s53vixv198zm8tbz Ahriche 0 152116 1237980 1230037 2022-08-02T06:24:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tahricht (cropped).jpg||thumb|Ahriche]] '''Ahriche''', katika vyakula vya [[Moroko|Morocco]], Ahriche ni chakula kinacholiwa na makabila ya Zayanes na Khénifra. Jina hilo limetokana na neno berber; hii inaonesha namna ya kupika chakula hiki. ni chakula ambacho kina ganglion,mapafu au utumbo kwenye mti wa [[Mwaloni|mualoni]] fimbo na kupikwa kwenye makaa ya moto == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] h2hl5etwjsvn2hp34eow15892wryl1t Chakula cha misao 0 152142 1238022 1230090 2022-08-02T07:05:24Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Misao''' (pia inajulikana kama ''Minsao'' au ''Mine Sao'') ni mchanganyiko wa [[Chakula|vyakula]] vya Kichina na vyakula vya Kimalagasi. Ni vyakula vya kawaida vya Kimalagasi. ''Misao'' kimsingi ni tambi za rameni zinazotolewa pamoja na [[mboga]] iliyokaangwa. ''Misao'' inaweza kuongezwa kwa [[mayai]] au aina yoyote ya [[nyama]] kama unavyopenda. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misao_(food)#cite_ref-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misao_(food)#cite_ref-2</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] cq5joimqsyhm2au79rhictm05ppw8xb Chakula cha Kiigbo 0 152155 1238021 1230166 2022-08-02T07:03:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:African salad mostly prepared by the southeastern part of Nigeria especially in the eastern part. This meal is mostly prepared during festive seasons like new yam festival or marriage ceremony.jpg|right|thumb|Abacha]] '''Chakula cha Igbo''' ni vyakula vya watu wa [[Igbo]] wanaotokea kusini mashariki mwa [[Nigeria]]. Msingi wa vyakula vya Igbo ni supu. Supu hizo ni Ofe Oha, Onugbu, Egwusi na Nsala. Magimbi ni kichakula kinacholiwa sana na wa Igbo na pia huchemshwa na kupondwa na kuchanganywa na supu.<ref>https://www.legit.ng/1164659-types-igbo-culture-food.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] lzwsr9qy14x0jqnpv7a6cktymxo1beu Brukina 0 152164 1238012 1230188 2022-08-02T06:54:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brukina''', pia inajulikana kama Burkina, <ref name=":0">https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Burkina-Latest-millet-smoothie-in-town-278294</ref> <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/10431/recipe-easy-steps-to-prepare-burkina-drink.html</ref>ni kinywaji cha [[Ghana]] au kinywaji kilichotengenezwa kwa [[mtama]] na [[maziwa]].  Brukina inazalishwa zaidi katika mikoa ya Kaskazini ya [[Ghana]].  Pia inajulikana kama 'Deger'. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>http://miczd.gov.gh/news/98</ref> <ref>https://museafrica.com/burkina-the-african-drink-you-must-try/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/09/05/fda-trains-burkina-drink-producers-in-accra/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/09/05/fda-trains-burkina-drink-producers-in-accra/</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/brukina-a-nutritious-food-contaminated-with-e-coli/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] hx5lf1t58y8ouv1enfegjxmjvun9fgu Creponne 0 152191 1238039 1230191 2022-08-02T07:17:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Crepone.jpg||thumb|Creponne]] '''Creponne''' ni [[limau]] zenye asili ya [[Algeria]] yanayotokea [[Oran]], [[Algeria]].[1] Huu ni utaalamu wa Algeria, ni ya rangi nyeupe na ina ladha isiyoweza kusahaulika. <ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1UE6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NeAuAQAAIAAJ&dq=cr%C3%A9ponn%C3%A9+oran&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=cr%C3%A9ponn%C3%A9+oran</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] adxca3hs47co76pietnj3r9t4clpygd Dikgobe 0 152194 1238049 1230218 2022-08-02T07:33:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dikgobe''' pia hujulikana kama Izinkobe ni neno la Kiafrika Kusini linalomaanisha mchanganyiko wa mahindi na maharage yakipikwa pamoja.<ref>https://books.google.com/?id=6I1zAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dikgobe%22&dq=%22Dikgobe%22</ref>  <ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref><ref>http://www.food.com/recipe/south-african-samp-and-beans-umngqusho-309678</ref>Chakula hiki kawaida huandaliwa katika sherehe za maisha za Setswana, kama vile ndoa, na zile zinazoashiria kifo, vifo.Dikgobe ni mojawapo ya vyakula vinavyokubalika kuandaliwa, pamoja na mtama kama vingine.<ref>https://books.google.com/?id=lj0CeaIIETkC&pg=PA358&dq=%22Dikgobe%22#v=onepage&q=%22Dikgobe%22&f=false</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] pz3urk01jdob9lif8sj55hyn5lq43ul Boli 0 152196 1238008 1230202 2022-08-02T06:52:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Boli and Groundnut.png|thumb|Boli kuchoma nchini Nigeria]] '''Boli''' ni mlo wa [[ndizi]] ziliochomwa nchini [[Nigeria]]. Ni asili ya [[Wayoruba]] wa Nigeria. <ref>the original</ref> Inajulikana kama 'boli' Kusini Magharibi mwa Nigeria watu hawa wanajulikana kama watu wa Yoruba na huliwa na karanga. Wayoruba wamekuwa wakifurahia kitamu hiki kwa muda mrefu, kinaweza kuliwa kama vitafunio au chakula kikuu ambacho kinaweza kuambatana na mchuzi wa pilipili uliojaa nyama, samaki choma au kuku wa kukaanga hasa wakati wa sikukuu. neno 'boli' linatamkwa kama 'bole' kutokana na tofauti ya lafudhi katika eneo la [[Ngeria|kusini-kusini nchini Nigeria]]. Kusini Kusini mwa Nigeria, inajulikana kama 'bole' lugha iliyokopwa kutoka kwa watu wa kusini-magharibi mwa [[Nigeria]] na huliwa na samaki wakati wa tamasha muhimu. <ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boli_(plantain)#cite_note-2</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 9gy6rkk06ghds408z98gajs302hw8vq Efo riro 0 152197 1238050 1231229 2022-08-02T07:35:18Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Efo riro''' (Kiyoruba: ẹ̀fọ́ riro) ni supu ya mboga na supu ya asili ya watu wa Yoruba magharibi ya [[Nigeria]].<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/soups/efo-riro/</ref> <ref>https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-efo-riro/</ref> Mboga mbili zinazotumiwa sana kuandaa supu za Celosia argentea (ṣọkọ̀ yòkòtò)<ref>https://the234project.com/food/nigeria/efo-shoko-a-k-a-efo-riro-yoruba-style-vegetable-soup-using-shokoyokoto/</ref><ref>https://pejoweb.com/articles.php?epr=view&pagename=COOKINGEFORIROTHATSDELICIOUSGuestSionikitchens.html</ref> na Amaranthus hybridus (ẹ̀fọ́ tẹ̀tẹ̀).<ref>https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/efo-riro-a-glory-dish-from-western-nigeria/</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=pDj5SB3KF8UC&dq=Efo+riro&pg=PA35</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=FJxlWwrVcKcC&dq=Efo+riro&pg=PA112</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/soups/efo-riro.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-12 |archivedate=2015-07-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708054217/http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/soups/efo-riro.html }}</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-efo-riro/</ref><ref>https://sisijemimah.com/2015/06/29/efo-riro-in-all-its-glory/</ref><ref>https://sisijemimah.com/2015/06/29/efo-riro-in-all-its-glory/</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-efo-riro/</ref><ref>https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/recipes/article/efo-riro-a-glory-dish-from-western-nigeria/</ref><ref>https://the234project.com/food/nigeria/efo-shoko-a-k-a-efo-riro-yoruba-style-vegetable-soup-using-shokoyokoto/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] qrvpshv8yy9hmsc8huburbps29msxgc Biskuti za Ayigbe 0 152258 1238000 1230344 2022-08-02T06:49:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Ayigbe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Ayigbe]] 5b1djb1vx1ii5nkmr8eg24e8os4h9d2 Chin chin 0 152449 1238024 1230840 2022-08-02T07:08:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:LoveChinChin.jpg|right|thumb|chin chin]] '''Chin chin''' ni vitafunio vya kukaanga vya [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]]. Ni sawa na vitafunio vya kukaanga [[Scandinavian Peninsula|Skandinavia]],vinaokwa kama donati (unga wa ngano na vitu vingine vya kawaida vya kuokea).Chin chin iinaweza kuwa na kunde.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Food_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1</ref>  Watu wengi huoka kwa [[Kungumanga|kungumanga (]]<nowiki/>kinogeshi) ili viwe vitamu. Kwa kawaida unga huo hukandwa na kukatwa katika miraba midogo ya inchi moja (au zaidi), unene wa karibu robo ya inchi, kabla ya kukaangwa.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4565.2007.00073.x</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] gponsd0muhcmi0m4kyo7crm5wg2eitu Akpan 0 152636 1237987 1231433 2022-08-02T06:30:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Akpan.JPG|right|thumb|'''Akpan''']] '''Akpan''', inayofahamika kama '''Akassa''' ni mtindi wa [[mahindi]] uliyochachushwa. Hi ni bidhaa ya chakula inayotumiwa na wau wa Congo na Togo, na pia no chakula kinacholiwa baada ya mlo. <ref>http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20170317-benin-akpan-yaourt-vegetal-artisanal-potentiel-productrice-after</ref><ref>https://cuisine228.com/akpan-ogi/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] oy6hqaomrtwkpasvuwdyb1evyglvwsj Bia ya Kenya 0 152650 1237996 1231621 2022-08-02T06:47:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bia ya kenya]] hadi [[Bia ya Kenya]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Charles na George Hurst walianzisha kiwanda chakutengeneza pombe [[Kenya]] mwaka 1922 wakizalisha Tusker Lager.  Jina la Tusker<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160530055405/http://www.theeagora.com/tusker-the-story-behind-the-name/</ref> lilikuja kwa kumbukumbu ya George ambaye alikanyagwa na tembo hadi kufa mwaka 1923. [[Faili:Tusker Beer.jpg|center|thumb|chupa ya tusker 2008]] White Cap Lager bia kilele kilichofunikwa na theluji cha [[Mlima Kenya]].  Inajulikana kuwa kipenzi cha raisi wa zamani Mwai Kibaki. <ref>http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thecounties/article/2000098572/stories-by-former-president-mwai-kibaki-s-old-beer-buddies/</ref> White Cap na Tusker Lager zote ni bidhaa za kiwanda cha kutengeneza pombe [[Afrika ya Mashariki|afrika mashariki]] zinazotengenezwa [[Ruaraka]]. Keroche kiwanda cha kutengenezea pombe kilichoanzishwa mwaka 1997 na chenye makao yake mjini [[Naivasha]] kinazalisha Summit Malt.viwanda vikubwa vitano vyakutengeneza pombe na Sierra Premium viko [[Nairobi]] na vinabobea katika utengenezaji wa pombe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 0a8kvdnpq4a3xyk0j576mll7w1uifr6 Kigezo:Infobox settlement/sandbox/hati 10 153606 1237978 1237814 2022-08-02T06:22:31Z BevoLJ 53014 + fomu_idadi_wakazi1, jina_la_watu, kanda_muda, iso_namba wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.523<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of regions of Tanzania by Human Development Index|14th of 25]] | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.523<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of regions of Tanzania by Human Development Index|14th of 25]] | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} l3g1hnar9r4niuwc7qu9zsbk1gujm1w 1238043 1237978 2022-08-02T07:20:15Z BevoLJ 53014 marejeleo_ya_eneo, marejeleo_ya_mwinuko wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.523<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of regions of Tanzania by Human Development Index|14th of 25]] | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.523<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|low}} · [[List of regions of Tanzania by Human Development Index|14th of 25]] | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} k5gerdtgo6r1xbbtz4486fgk2ir8cpr 1238044 1238043 2022-08-02T07:23:51Z BevoLJ 53014 <pre></pre> wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = |picha_ya_ramani1 = |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = |picha_ramani_nukta = |ukubwa_ramani_nukta = |maelezo_ramani_nukta = |dot_x = |dot_y = |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,883,024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743,074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} cqv1hxmj686ixrwqihkftzsci2h478h 1238057 1238044 2022-08-02T07:57:00Z BevoLJ 53014 maelezo_ya_ramani, picha_ya_ramani1 (mfano) wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ci9lwzknur6b405bjx9onitj8csgihr 1238058 1238057 2022-08-02T08:09:21Z BevoLJ 53014 + maelezo_serikali, maelezo_eneo wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} 4wlhwz84vjoocxoodjii7o3cfzgit0b 1238059 1238058 2022-08-02T08:12:12Z BevoLJ 53014 + maelezo_utawala wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |maelezo_utawala = Maelezo_utawala (mfano) <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |maelezo_utawala = Maelezo_utawala (mfano) <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = East Africa Time|EAT |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} cxvnbhe0fuy8j2jqmmbxdhaa65aqxmi 1238073 1238059 2022-08-02T09:01:15Z BevoLJ 53014 Saa za Afrika Mashariki wikitext text/x-wiki == TEST of kiswahili metric inputs == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |maelezo_utawala = Maelezo_utawala (mfano) <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mbeya |jina_lingine = "Scotland ya Afrika" |kaulimbiu = Uhuru na Umoja (mfano) <!-- images and maps -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg |ukubwawapicha = 250px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Tukuyu|Tukuyu, Tanzania]] |picha_ya_ramani = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mkoa wa Mbeya |picha_ya_ramani1 = Mbeya City in Mbeya 2022.svg |ukubwa_ya_ramani1 = 250px |maelezo_ya_ramani1 = Wilaya za Mbeya |ramani_pini = Tanzania<!-- jina la nchi --> |mahali_pa_jina_la_pini = <!-- left, right, top, bottom, none --> |maelezo_ramani_pini = Mahali pa [[mji mkuu]] |pushpin_mapsize = 250px <!-- Location ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[Mji mkuu]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Halmashauri |jina_la_serikali2 = 7 |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 178 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Vijiji |jina_la_serikali4 = 533 |maelezo_utawala = Maelezo_utawala (mfano) <!-- Politics -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mkuu wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi = Juma Zuberi Homera |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Katibu Tawala wa Mkoa |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Rodrick Lazaro Mpogolo |cheo_cha_kiongozi2 = cheo2(mfano) |jina_la_kiongozi2 = jina2(mfano) |jina_lililowekwa = Lililowekwa |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1961 |maelezo_serikali = Maelezo serikali (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Eneo ---------------------> |eneo_jumla = 35954 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 35493 |eneo_la_maji = 461 |mwinuko = 1758 |maelezo_eneo = Maelezo_eneo (mfano) |marejeleo_ya_eneo =<ref name="eneo">Marejeleo ya eneo</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |marejeleo_ya_mwinuko =<ref name="mwinuko">Marejeleo ya mwinuko</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> |latd=8|latm=54 |lats=0|latNS=S |longd=33|longm=27 |longs=0|longEW=E <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |jina_la_watu = Wambeya |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2016 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1883024 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 45.32 |wakazi_wa_mijini = 1234567 |mtawanyiko_watu_mijini = 1234 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi1 = (mfano 1a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi1 = 123 |jina_la_fomu_wakazi2 = (mfano 2a) |fomu_idadi_wakazi2 = 456 |maelezo_idadi_wakazi = Maelezo idadi wakazi (mfano) |marejeo_ya_wakazi =<ref name="Idadi ya Watu 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |date=2016-05-01 |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archivedate=2021-12-27 |url-status=live |pages=94 |quote="Makadirio ya idadi ya watu katika mkoa wa Mbeya kwa mwaka 2016 yalikuwa ni watu 1,883,024"}}</ref><!-- kwa marejeleo: <ref> </ref> --> <!-- Habari za ziada ---------------> |msimbo_posta = 53xxx |kodi_ya_simu = 025 |kanda_muda = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |kanda_muda_DST = |tofauti_ya_UTC_kwa_DST = |iso_namba = TZ-14 |fomu_jina = |fomu_taarifa = |fomu_jina1 = |fomu_taarifa1 = |fomu_jina2 = |fomu_taarifa2 = |fomu_jina3 = |fomu_taarifa3 = |tovuti = {{URL|www.mbeya.go.tz |Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa}} |maelezo_ya_chini = Maelezo ya chini (mfano) }} </pre> == TEST of kiswahili imperial unit nation == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox |jina_rasmi = Austin |picha_ya_mji = Austin August 2019 19 (skyline and Lady Bird Lake).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa la Lady bird Lililopo katika mji wa Austin |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Austin katika Marekani |aina_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Marekani]] |aina_ya_serikali1 = [[Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Texas]] |aina_ya_serikali2 = [[:en:List of counties in Texas|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[:en:Travis County, Texas|Travis]]<br />[[:en:Williamson County, Texas|Williamson]]<br />[[:en:Hays County, Texas|Hays]] |eneo_jumla = 845.66 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 319.94 |eneo_la_maji = 6.57 |mwinuko = 210 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 743074 |latd=30 |latm=18 |lats=2 |latNS=N |longd=97 |longm=44 |longs=50 |longEW=W |tovuti = http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/ }} </pre> <br> <br> <br> == TEST of en.wikipedia English input cut and paste == {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} <pre> {{Infobox settlement/sandbox | name = Mbeya Region | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Mbeya}}}} | settlement_type = [[Regions of Tanzania|Region]] | image_skyline = Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg | image_caption = Tea fields in [[Tukuyu]] | image_map = Tanzania Mbeya location map.svg | map_caption = Location in Tanzania | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Zone | subdivision_name1 = Southern Highlands | subdivision_type2 = Type2 | subdivision_name2 = Name2 | subdivision_type3 = Type3 | subdivision_name3 = Name3 | established_title = Established | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Mbeya]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Regional Commissioner | leader_name = Juma Zuberi Homera | leader_title1 = leader title1 | leader_name1 = leader name1 | leader_title2 = leader title2 | leader_name2 = leader name2 |government_footnotes =<ref name="serikali">Marejeleo ya serikali</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_water_percent = 6 | area_rank = 6 | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbeya Regional Profile |url=http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |publisher=Mbeya Regional Commissioner's Office |date=2016 |access-date=1 December 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117235248/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/58d/101/f8e/58d101f8e36d3053446169.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 35954 | area_land_km2 = 35493 | area_water_km2 = 461 |elevation_footnotes = <ref>ref of ele</ref> |elevation_m = 1758 |elevation_min_m = 1400 |elevation_min_ft = 2200 | population_total = 2707410 | population_as_of = 2012 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 1234567 | population_density_urban_km2 = 123 | population_demonym = Demonym | timezone1 = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 53xxx | area_code = 025 | iso_code = TZ-14 | blank_name_sec1 = blank name sec1 | blank_info_sec1 = blank info sec1 | website = {{URL|http://mbeya.go.tz/|Official website}} | footnotes = Footnotes about things | coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} }} </pre> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} 1jr4tckd0qn2po44tqe4ct39yvt45a0 Mary Leigh Blek 0 153650 1237821 1237641 2022-08-01T12:26:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.9 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Leigh Blek''' ni mtetezi wa udhibiti wa [[bunduki]] kutoka [[California|California.]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Mary Leigh Blek|date=2020-10-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Leigh_Blek&oldid=984439519|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>Anahudumu kama rais mstaafu wa [[Milioni ya Mama machi|Milioni ya Mama Machi]] na ni msemaji wa mtandao wa kitaifa wa sura za [[Mama milioni.]] Blek alihusika katika [[sheria]] ya udhibiti wa [[bunduki]] baada ya mtoto wake kuuawa. Mnamo Juni 1994, mwanawe [[Matthew Blek]] alikabiliwa na [[matineja]] watatu wenye [[silaha]], na hatimaye kupigwa [[risasi]] na kuuawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brady Report Online|url=http://www.bradycampaign.org/bradyreport/2006/december/mobilizing/index.php|work=web.archive.org|date=2006-11-29|accessdate=2022-07-31|archivedate=2006-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129211729/http://www.bradycampaign.org/bradyreport/2006/december/mobilizing/index.php}}</ref> Blek na mumewe Charles walianzisha Jumuiya ya [[Orange County Citizens for the Prevention of Gun Violence]] mwaka wa 1995. Blek baadaye akawa mwandaaji wa kanda ya [[magharibi wa Million Mom]] March mwaka wa 2000. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] dtzlynx7ot3tpofnm6y3qedg9g634cb Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jangalah 3 153677 1238136 1237544 2022-08-02T11:35:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 16:59, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ==Vyanzo== Salamu, karibu katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, napenda kukumbusha kwamba link zinazotokana na Wikipedia ya Kiingereza, havifai kabisa kutumika kama marejeo katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 17:46, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::Mbona unaendelea kufanya kinyume? Tena unaweka vichwa vya Kiingereza? Acha nikusimamishe kidogo kwanza. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:35, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 8lobm7p07iiyrk4oid2pucs4t4rn5eb Jamii:Kujilinda 14 153689 1237957 1237770 2022-08-02T05:14:39Z Why-Fi26 52551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] ot3wdtuxd82tl5q3d24gu0th5gxotw9 Brian Fitzpatrick (mwanasiasa wa Marekani) 0 153697 1238010 1237731 2022-08-02T06:54:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)]] hadi [[Brian Fitzpatrick (mwanasiasa wa Marekani)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Brian Fitzpatrick official congressional photo.jpg|thumb|Mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la U.S]] '''Brian Kevin Fitzpatrick''' (amezaliwa Disemba 17, 1973) ni wakili na mwanasiasa wa [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanachama wa [[Republican Party|Republican]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani|Marekani,]] akihudumu kama mwakilishi wa wilaya ya 1 ya [[Pennsylvania]] tangu [[2017]]. Wilaya hiyo, ilihesabiwa kama wilaya ya 8 wakati wake. muhula wa kwanza, ni pamoja na Kaunti yote ya Bucks, kaunti kubwa ya kitongoji kaskazini mwa [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], na vile vile sehemu ya Kaunti ya [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]. Aliyekuwa wakala wa [[FBI]], alichaguliwa mwaka wa [[2016]] na kuchukua ofisi Januari 3, [[2017]]. Alichaguliwa tena tarehe 6 Novemba [[2018]], hadi wilaya ya 1 iliyochorwa upya. == Maisha yake ya awali na elimu == Fitzpatrick alizaliwa [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] na kukulia katika [[Levittown, New York|Levittown]], [[Pennsylvania]], na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya [[Bishop Egan]] huko [[Fairless Hills]] mnamo [[1992]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)&oldid=1101455182|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)&oldid=1101455182|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha La Salle mnamo [[1996]] na Shahada ya Sayansi katika Utawala wa [[Biashara]]. Mnamo [[2001 (albamu)|2001,]] [[Fitzpatrick]] alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la [[Pennsylvania]] na Daktari wa Juris katika Shule ya Sheria ya Penn State Dickinson.<ref>{{Citation|title=Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)&oldid=1101455182|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)&oldid=1101455182|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 7uho3dofqfmmwsy2xgb98zoboxw49vw Mtumiaji:CassandraSweet 2 153712 1237971 1237767 2022-08-02T06:14:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Kufuta yote kwa ombi la mhusika. wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Microstamping 0 153749 1237817 2022-08-01T11:59:32Z EmanuelTz 55210 1. uoi.ac.tz(EmaunuelTz) wikitext text/x-wiki Microstamping ni [[teknolojia]] ya kitambulisho cha umiliki wa mpira. Alama za [[hadubini]] huchorwa kwenye ncha ya pini ya kurusha [[risasi]] na kwenye sehemu ya kitako cha [[bunduki]] yenye leza. Wakati bunduki inapopigwa, etchings hizi huhamishiwa kwenye primer na pini ya kurusha na kwa kichwa cha cartridge kwa uso wa breech, kwa kutumia msukumo linaloundwa wakati pande zote zinapigwa. Baada ya kutimuliwa, ikiwa kesi hizo zitarejeshwa na [[polisi]], alama za hadubini zilizowekwa kwenye katriji zinaweza kuchunguzwa na wataalamu wa uchunguzi wa kimahakama ili kusaidia kufuatilia [[bunduki]] kwa mmiliki wa mwisho aliyesajiliwa<ref>http://www.csgv.org/atf/cf/%7B23E96A35-4C75-41EE-BDDD-4BD3A3B59010%7D/FINAL%20report.pdf</ref>. [[Sheria]] ya [[California]] inayohitaji matumizi ya teknolojia ya stamping katika [[bunduki]] zote mpya za semiautomatiki zinazouzwa katika [[jimbo]] hilo imezua utata<ref>http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-smith-wesson-microstamping-law-20140123,0,7131958.story#axzz2rLgnuhU8</ref><ref>http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-smith-wesson-microstamping-law-20140123,0,7131958.story#axzz2rLgnuhU8</ref>. = Marejeo = [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] lb0d8ptlrn5ogcvj1n49ts02gvbvkis David Hogg 0 153750 1237818 2022-08-01T12:12:48Z EmanuelTz 55210 2. uoi.ac.tz(EmanuelTz) wikitext text/x-wiki David Miles Hogg (amezaliwa Aprili 12, 2000) ni [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa kuzuia [[bunduki]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu wakati wa maandamano ya unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]] nchini Marekani mwaka wa 2018 kama mwanafunzi aliyenusurika katika ufyatuaji risasi katika Shule ya Upili ya Stoneman Douglas, akisaidia kuongoza maandamano ya hali ya juu, maandamano, na kususia, ikiwa ni pamoja na kususia The Ingraham Angle<ref>http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article200277689.html</ref><ref>http://time.com/5161034/florida-school-shooting-survivor/</ref><ref>https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/20/17030294/florida-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-gun-control</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/04/29/the-nra-said-guns-will-be-banned-during-a-pence-speech-parkland-students-see-hypocrisy/?wpisrc=nl_headlines&wpmm=1</ref>. Akiwa na dadake Lauren Hogg, aliandika #NeverAgain: A New Generation Draws the Line, kitabu cha orodha ya mauzo bora ya The New York Times<ref>http://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-neveragain-book-20180704-story.html</ref>. Waliahidi kutoa kwa hisani mapato yote kutoka kwa kitabu<ref>http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/parkland/florida-school-shooting/fl-reg-david-hogg-and-sister-tonight-show-jimmy-fallon-recap-20180619-story.html</ref>. Kuanzia Septemba 2019, Hogg ni mwanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]]<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/david-hogg-parkland-shooting-survivor-says-hell-attend-harvard-university-in-the-fall/</ref><ref>https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/david-hogg-conspiracy-theories-response/index.html</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Walio zaliwa 2000]] oyms6ldewixyp9k8ohl191i4xl167wd 1237828 1237818 2022-08-01T12:56:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Miles Hogg''' (amezaliwa Aprili 12, [[2000]]) ni [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa kuzuia [[bunduki]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu wakati wa maandamano ya unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]] nchini Marekani mwaka wa 2018 kama mwanafunzi aliyenusurika katika ufyatuaji risasi katika Shule ya Upili ya Stoneman Douglas, akisaidia kuongoza maandamano ya hali ya juu, maandamano, na kususia, ikiwa ni pamoja na kususia The Ingraham Angle<ref>http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article200277689.html</ref><ref>http://time.com/5161034/florida-school-shooting-survivor/</ref><ref>https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/20/17030294/florida-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-gun-control</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/04/29/the-nra-said-guns-will-be-banned-during-a-pence-speech-parkland-students-see-hypocrisy/?wpisrc=nl_headlines&wpmm=1</ref>. Akiwa na dadake Lauren Hogg, aliandika #NeverAgain: A New Generation Draws the Line, kitabu cha orodha ya mauzo bora ya The New York Times<ref>http://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-jc-neveragain-book-20180704-story.html</ref>. Waliahidi kutoa kwa hisani mapato yote kutoka kwa kitabu<ref>http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/parkland/florida-school-shooting/fl-reg-david-hogg-and-sister-tonight-show-jimmy-fallon-recap-20180619-story.html</ref>. Kuanzia Septemba 2019, Hogg ni mwanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]]<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/david-hogg-parkland-shooting-survivor-says-hell-attend-harvard-university-in-the-fall/</ref><ref>https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/david-hogg-conspiracy-theories-response/index.html</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Marekani]] bj0o1fpb3r1ut9u2k1itszein8506h2 David Hemenway 0 153751 1237820 2022-08-01T12:22:45Z EmanuelTz 55210 3. uoi.ac.tz(EmanuelTz) wikitext text/x-wiki David Hemenway (aliyezaliwa 1945) <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC</ref> ni Profesa wa Sera ya [[Afya]] katika Shule ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]] ya [[Afya]] ya [[Umma]]. Ana B.A. (1966) na Ph.D. (1974) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]] kwa masomo ya [[uchumi]]. Yeye ni mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Utafiti cha Kudhibiti Majeraha kilichopo [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]] na Kituo cha Kuzuia Ghasia kwa Vijana pia kilichopo Harvard. Yeye pia kwa sasa ni James Marsh Visiting Professor-at-Large katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Vermont]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171003075357/https://www.uvm.edu/president/marsh/?Page=hemenwaybio.html</ref>. Hemenway ameandika zaidi ya nakala 130 na vitabu vitano katika nyanja za [[uchumi]] na afya ya [[umma]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanauchumi]] 7wldhls65f9xihaucptmpkipkbfkkeq Angela Giron 0 153752 1237822 2022-08-01T12:31:51Z EmanuelTz 55210 4. uoi.ac.tz(EmanuelTz) wikitext text/x-wiki Angela Giron (amezaliwa 12/5/1960) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mwanachama wa Kidemokrasia wa Seneti ya [[Colorado]] akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 3 kutoka 2011 hadi alipoitwa tena mnamo 10/9/ 2013, na vikundi vinavyopinga [[sheria]] yake ya udhibiti wa [[bunduki]]<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/two-colorado-lawmakers-who-backed-strict-gun-control-laws-ousted-flna8C11121858</ref>. Giron ni [[mbunge]] wa pili wa [[Colorado]] kuwahi kukumbukwa kwa mafanikio katika [[historia]] ya jimbo hilo la [[Colorado]]<ref>http://blogs.denverpost.com/thespot/2013/06/10/giron-recall-guns-pueblo/97155/</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] b2sqrcoarrvxnbee23ghdjbddicyogt Oliver Smedley 0 153753 1237823 2022-08-01T12:40:14Z EmanuelTz 55210 2. uoi.ac.tz(EmanuelTz) wikitext text/x-wiki Meja William Oliver Smedley MC (19/2/1911 - 16 /11/1989) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] [[Uingereza|Mwingereza]] aliyehusika katika siasa za kiliberali za asili na redio za [[Haramia|maharamia]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette</ref>. = Maisha ya zamani = Smedley alizaliwa huko Godstone, Surrey, mnamo 19 /2/1911, mtoto wa William Herbert na Olivia Kate Smedley. Baba yake alikuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[Kampuni]] ya Gramophone. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Wanajeshi]] n5e217dw3gjlgz16ox0oy6nln84592u Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vice-president013 3 153754 1237825 2022-08-01T12:53:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) d51cvuwmnaswsu1yu6jjtqs4m4r3ulq 1237943 1237825 2022-08-01T20:58:44Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Salamu, tunafurahi kwa juhudi zako za uhariri katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili,tunapenda kukumbusha mambo machache, cha kwanza, Tafsiri ya Kompyuta haihitajiki katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, hivyo unapohariri makala zako hakikisha hakuna matumizi ya google translator au aina yeyote ya tafsiri za mashine katika makala zako, kwani kuendelea kuleta tafisi ya mashine kutasababisha kufungiwa, pili, zingatia jamii unazoweka ziwe ni jamii zinazoendana na makala unayoandika, Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) g6ru22zgosyh849x7vki3f85pefxa6p Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Neema john 3 153755 1237826 2022-08-01T12:53:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) d51cvuwmnaswsu1yu6jjtqs4m4r3ulq Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rahyaromanus 3 153756 1237827 2022-08-01T12:53:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) d51cvuwmnaswsu1yu6jjtqs4m4r3ulq Jamii:Wanasheria wa Nigeria 14 153757 1237829 2022-08-01T13:01:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|N]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|N]] 68wleatnrim7jpgssak0j5n78xbmfwl Jamii:Wachungaji wa Nigeria 14 153758 1237830 2022-08-01T13:02:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|N]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|N]] c2ru5rrkfr3l5gccpovv3zfne764j4b Jamii:Wachungaji wa Uholanzi 14 153759 1237832 2022-08-01T13:06:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] hq8dj6d78jzoh6cwysst8zxzwjxp3zl Jamii:Wachungaji wa Ubelgiji 14 153760 1237833 2022-08-01T13:07:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:wachungaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] 7whme3xjd739wgq47t592migu76gqnh Daniel W. Dobberpuhl 0 153761 1237837 2022-08-01T13:16:50Z Waah9797 54518 anzisha makala wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel "Dan" William Dobberpuhl''' ( [[25 Machi]] [[1945]] - [[26 Oktoba]] [[2019]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniel Dobberpuhl Obituary (1945 - 2019) Monterey Herald|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/montereyherald/name/daniel-dobberpuhl-obituary?id=8114158|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>) alikuwa [[Mhandisi|Mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa [[Umeme]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye aliongoza timu kadhaa za wabunifu wa [[microprocessor]] == Historia == '''Dobberpuhl''' alizaliwa  tarehe [[25 Machi|25,machi]] [[1945]] huko Streator,[[Illinois]].Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1967]],Alihitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[Sayansi]] katika [[uhandisi]] wa umeme kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois huko Urbana-Champaign. Alifanya kazi kama [[Mhandisi|mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa Idara ya [[Ulinzi]] hadi mnamo [[mwaka]][[1973]],Alipofanya kazi katika [[Kampuni]] ya  General electrical (GE) huko [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, New York.]] == Dec == Mnamo 1976 Dobberpuhl alijiunga na [[kampuni]] ya  Digital Equipment Corpartion(DEC) huko Hudson, Massachusetts kama mhandisi wa semicondukta na aliongoza timu ya ubunifu  wa microprocessor kama vile DEC T-11 na MicroVAX. Alipanda nafasi za juu zaidi za kiufundi katika [[Kampuni]] ya DEC na kuwa mmoja wa wahandisi watano wakuu wa ushauri wa kampuni hiyo. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ditzel&action=edit&redlink=1 David Ditzel (December 5, 2003). "A Conversation with Dan Dobberpuhl; Topic: Power Management".]iliwekwa mnamo 01-08-2022</ref>Hata hivyo, Aliongoza timu ya [[ubunifu]] kwa  vizazi vitatu vya kwanza vya processor (CPU) ya DEC Alpha na mnamo mwaka1985 alichapisha kitabu kilichoitwa " The Design and Analysis of VLSI Circuits ", kilichoelezewa kama "maandishi yatakayo ongoza sekta ya umeme."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current IEEE Corporate Award Recipients|url=https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/recipients/current-recipients/|work=IEEE Awards|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] [[Jamii:Umeme]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] nb06a5a9mjcfuuh7x8y1ow54kbgog1n 1237840 1237837 2022-08-01T13:19:12Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel "Dan" William Dobberpuhl''' ( [[25 Machi]] [[1945]] - [[26 Oktoba]] [[2019]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniel Dobberpuhl Obituary (1945 - 2019) Monterey Herald|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/montereyherald/name/daniel-dobberpuhl-obituary?id=8114158|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>) alikuwa [[Mhandisi|Mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa [[Umeme]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye aliongoza timu kadhaa za wabunifu wa [[microprocessor]] == Historia == '''Dobberpuhl''' alizaliwa  tarehe [[25 Machi|25,machi]] [[1945]] huko Streator,[[Illinois]].Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1967]],Alihitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[Sayansi]] katika [[uhandisi]] wa umeme kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois huko Urbana-Champaign. Alifanya kazi kama [[Mhandisi|mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa Idara ya [[Ulinzi]] hadi mnamo [[mwaka]][[1973]],Alipofanya kazi katika [[Kampuni]] ya  General electrical (GE) huko [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, New York.]] == Dec == Mnamo 1976 Dobberpuhl alijiunga na [[kampuni]] ya  Digital Equipment Corpartion(DEC) huko Hudson, Massachusetts kama mhandisi wa semicondukta na aliongoza timu ya ubunifu  wa microprocessor kama vile DEC T-11 na MicroVAX. Alipanda nafasi za juu zaidi za kiufundi katika [[Kampuni]] ya DEC na kuwa mmoja wa wahandisi watano wakuu wa ushauri wa kampuni hiyo. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ditzel&action=edit&redlink=1 David Ditzel (December 5, 2003). "A Conversation with Dan Dobberpuhl; Topic: Power Management".]iliwekwa mnamo 01-08-2022</ref>Hata hivyo, Aliongoza timu ya [[ubunifu]] kwa  vizazi vitatu vya kwanza vya processor (CPU) ya DEC Alpha na mnamo mwaka1985 alichapisha kitabu kilichoitwa " The Design and Analysis of VLSI Circuits ", kilichoelezewa kama "maandishi yatakayo ongoza sekta ya umeme."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current IEEE Corporate Award Recipients|url=https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/recipients/current-recipients/|work=IEEE Awards|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] [[Jamii:Umeme]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] b6870v8tz63e4jd1bmv4o6en8vej5tz 1237842 1237840 2022-08-01T13:19:44Z Idd ninga 30188 /* Historia */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel "Dan" William Dobberpuhl''' ( [[25 Machi]] [[1945]] - [[26 Oktoba]] [[2019]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniel Dobberpuhl Obituary (1945 - 2019) Monterey Herald|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/montereyherald/name/daniel-dobberpuhl-obituary?id=8114158|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>) alikuwa [[Mhandisi|Mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa [[Umeme]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye aliongoza timu kadhaa za wabunifu wa [[microprocessor]] == Historia == Dobberpuhl alizaliwa  tarehe [[25 Machi|25,machi]] [[1945]] huko Streator,[[Illinois]].Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1967]],Alihitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[Sayansi]] katika [[uhandisi]] wa umeme kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois huko Urbana-Champaign. Alifanya kazi kama [[Mhandisi|mhandis]]<nowiki/>i wa Idara ya [[Ulinzi]] hadi mnamo [[mwaka]][[1973]],Alipofanya kazi katika [[Kampuni]] ya  General electrical (GE) huko [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, New York.]] == Dec == Mnamo 1976 Dobberpuhl alijiunga na [[kampuni]] ya  Digital Equipment Corpartion(DEC) huko Hudson, Massachusetts kama mhandisi wa semicondukta na aliongoza timu ya ubunifu  wa microprocessor kama vile DEC T-11 na MicroVAX. Alipanda nafasi za juu zaidi za kiufundi katika [[Kampuni]] ya DEC na kuwa mmoja wa wahandisi watano wakuu wa ushauri wa kampuni hiyo. <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ditzel&action=edit&redlink=1 David Ditzel (December 5, 2003). "A Conversation with Dan Dobberpuhl; Topic: Power Management".]iliwekwa mnamo 01-08-2022</ref>Hata hivyo, Aliongoza timu ya [[ubunifu]] kwa  vizazi vitatu vya kwanza vya processor (CPU) ya DEC Alpha na mnamo mwaka1985 alichapisha kitabu kilichoitwa " The Design and Analysis of VLSI Circuits ", kilichoelezewa kama "maandishi yatakayo ongoza sekta ya umeme."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Current IEEE Corporate Award Recipients|url=https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/recipients/current-recipients/|work=IEEE Awards|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] [[Jamii:Umeme]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] mxoyab9epcia9fxic5scm2ffsbt3gay Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswidi 14 153762 1237839 2022-08-01T13:18:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]] ioc7ield5o9n8hh4s4nnj2lz9rcx05f Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ZeoBrain 3 153763 1237841 2022-08-01T13:19:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) mnvie1vzj0l82c2cm24otckxjaj9ha9 Jamii:Wachungaji nchi kwa nchi 14 153764 1237843 2022-08-01T13:21:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Wachungaji]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wachungaji]] h3b97701ynivazjszaiaindnc4io3y6 Jamii:Wachungaji 14 153765 1237844 2022-08-01T13:22:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Viongozi wa Kikristo]] [[Jamii:Uprotestanti]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Viongozi wa Kikristo]] [[Jamii:Uprotestanti]] hjttxmia9rpdznsjzkrcv3bc1zk6fqg Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza 14 153766 1237850 2022-08-01T13:30:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]] 3t4z96gljvo2f7umm4a1eeilvx0v4te Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda 14 153767 1237851 2022-08-01T13:31:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|U]] 0uz8le7ag5sx8a48f99kokbsfkhhjab Jamii:Wagadugu 14 153768 1237855 2022-08-01T13:35:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Burkina Faso]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Burkina Faso]] liqpsdz9rc91bp2ujstgwstx0ndvs5q 1237856 1237855 2022-08-01T13:36:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Ouagadougou]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[ouagadougou]] 6ivy958owom0yuxk0fgqrc1khhp4l7g 1237857 1237856 2022-08-01T13:36:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Ouagadougou]] to [[Jamii:Ouagadougou]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[jamii:ouagadougou]] 8zfl4dsagyzavb7pozcewp7zsjm6aaw Jill Vedder 0 153769 1237859 2022-08-01T13:40:23Z ZeoBrain 55226 new 1 by ZeroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Kristin Vedder''' (amezaliwa 11/11/1977)<ref>{{Citation|title=Fashion Model Directory|date=2021-11-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Model_Directory&oldid=1057025485|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> ni mfadhili wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]], ''[[Harakati|mwanaharakati]]'', na ''[[mwanamitindo]]'' wa zamani. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Ushirikiano wa [[Utafiti]] wa EB, [[shirika]] lisilo la faida linalojitolea kutafuta tiba ya ugonjwa wa ngozi wa Epidermolysis Bullosa. Vedder pia ni balozi wa Global Citizen na Wakfu wa Vitalogy. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] qlkm3vqc0pjhubehjcqjyiyin3bh2rd Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada 14 153770 1237861 2022-08-01T13:41:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|K]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|K]] b6hx6ee8v12ln7077fc8jvg3h8qfsmr Donald Gordon (Mfanyibiashara) 0 153771 1237863 2022-08-01T13:41:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Donald Gordon (Mfanyibiashara)]] hadi [[Donald Gordon (mfanyabiashara)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Donald Gordon (mfanyabiashara)]] g8fvoo00gmhmwnfje8jssqk85ikoiel R v K 0 153772 1237869 2022-08-01T13:48:00Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki Katika '''R v K''', kesi muhimu katika sheria ya jinai ya [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini,]] Kitengo cha Rufaa kilishikilia kwamba, katika kesi za utetezi wa kibinafsi, shambulio dhidi ya mshtakiwa halihitaji kufanywa bila hatia. Inawezekana pia kuchukua hatua kwa utetezi wa kibinafsi dhidi ya mtu ambaye hana uwezo wa uhalifu, kama vile mtu mwenye shida ya akili. Centlivres CJ alilinganisha <ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Drift|first=C.|last2=Duiverman|first2=J.|last3=Bexkens|first3=H.|last4=Krijnen|first4=A.|date=1975-12|title=Chemotaxis of a motile Streptococcus toward sugars and amino acids|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/359|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=124|issue=3|pages=1142–1147|doi=10.1128/jb.124.3.1142-1147.1975|issn=0021-9193|pmc=PMC236019|pmid=359}}</ref> sheria ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na yale ambayo Holmes J alisema katika Brown v Marekani: <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dougherty|first=E. M.|last2=Vaughn|first2=J. L.|last3=Reichelderfer|first3=C. F.|date=1975|title=Characteristics of the non-occluded form of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/343|journal=Intervirology|volume=5|issue=3-4|pages=109–121|doi=10.1159/000149889|issn=0300-5526|pmid=343}}</ref> Waandishi wengi wanaoheshimika wanakubali kwamba ikiwa [[Mwanaume|mwanamume]] anaamini kwamba yuko katika hatari ya kifo mara moja au madhara makubwa ya mwili kutoka kwa mshambuliaji wake anaweza kusimama na kwamba ikiwa ataua hajavuka mipaka ya kujilinda halali ,Tafakari iliyotenganishwa haiwezi kudaiwa mbele ya kisu kilichoinuliwa juu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Galakhov|first=E. V.|last2=Zhiliaeva|first2=E. P.|date=1975-09|title=[Problems concerning the training of feldshers in foreign countries]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/256|journal=Fel'dsher I Akusherka|volume=40|issue=9|pages=37–41|issn=0014-9772|pmid=256}}</ref> [[Jamii:Afrika Kusini]] <references /> 8be7x4ea7vw6jr1fbjs6e7hev34zzdx Josh Sugarmann 0 153773 1237875 2022-08-01T13:55:10Z ZeoBrain 55226 2 mpya by ZeroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josh Sugarmann''' ni mtetezi wa [[bunduki]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=War comes home for founder of group fighting for assault weapons ban|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2012/12/21/war-comes-home-for-founder-of-group-fighting-for-assault-weapons-ban/|work=The Denver Post|date=2012-12-21|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref>. Yeye ndiye [[mkurugenzi]] mkuu na mwanzilishi mwaka 1988 kutoka kituo cha Kuzuia Ghasia, shirika lisilo la faida la [[elimu]] na utetezi, mwandishi wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] viwili vya udhibiti [[bunduki]]. Anablogu kuhusu masuala haya kwa Huffington Post na kuchapisha op-eds kwenye [[vyombo vya habari]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Progress Gives Us Great New Handgun--Hijacker Special|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-24-me-118-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1986-03-24|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Facebook, Twitter, Show more sharing options, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 9mw05kjkhnd3xmnlxtvo94admsyc2c5 R v Zikalala 0 153774 1237878 2022-08-01T13:58:37Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rex v Zikalala''' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elze|first=H.|last2=Teuscher|first2=E.|last3=Strümpfel|first3=E.|last4=Pilgrim|first4=H.|date=1975|title=[Studies of in vitro cultivated cells from the smooth muscle organs. 3. Effectiveness of some drugs on pulsation frequency of isolated smooth muscle cells of the chicken amnion]|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1953|journal=Acta Biologica Et Medica Germanica|volume=34|issue=8|pages=1387–1395|issn=0001-5318|pmid=1953}}</ref> ni kesi muhimu katika sheria ya makosa ya jinai ya [[Afrika Kusini]], iliyosikilizwa Februari 27, 1953. Zikalala, mrufani, alikuwa ameshtakiwa na kuhukumiwa kwa mauaji ya bila kukusudia katika kusababisha kifo cha Alpheus Tsele. Alipokata rufaa kwa Kitengo cha Rufaa, alifanikiwa kujitetea. '''Ukweli''' Zikalala alikuwa amepatikana na hatia ya kuua bila kukusudia kwa shtaka la [[Mauaji ya kimbari|mauaji.]] Ilionekana, hata hivyo, kwamba mahakama ya kesi iligundua kuwa ushahidi wa upande wa utetezi unaweza kuwa wa kweli kabisa. '''Hukumu''' Kitengo cha Rufaa kiliweka hatia. Mahakama ya kesi, ilisema, ilipaswa kuwa, kwa msingi wa kupata kwamba ushahidi wa upande wa utetezi ungeweza kuwa wa kweli kabisa, na kwa kuzingatia mazingira na mambo yaliyoakisiwa katika ushahidi huo, shaka ya kuridhisha kama Taji. alikuwa amethibitisha kuwa mrufani hakuwa amemuua marehemu kihalali katika utetezi wa kibinafsi. Mahakama iliidhinisha mapendekezo yafuatayo kutoka kwa Gardiner na Lansdown, kwa kuzingatia mamlaka: Ambapo mtu anaweza kujiokoa kwa kukimbia, anapaswa kukimbia kuliko kumuua mshambulizi wake <ref>{{Citation|title=Gecin, Matthaeus|date=2011-10-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00071860|work=Benezit Dictionary of Artists|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Herrick|first=Robert|title=The Weeping Cherry|date=1648-01-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00033963|work=The Poetical Works of Robert Herrick|pages=12–12|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Lakini hakuna mtu anayeweza kutarajiwa kuruka ili kuepusha shambulio, ikiwa kukimbia hakuwezi kumudu njia salama ya kutoroka. Mwanamume halazimiki kujiweka kwenye hatari ya kuchomwa kisu mgongoni, wakati kwa kumuua mshambulizi wake anaweza kujihakikishia usalama <ref>{{Citation|last=Herrick|first=Robert|title=The Weeping Cherry|date=1648-01-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00033963|work=The Poetical Works of Robert Herrick|pages=12–12|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Katika kuzingatia suala la kujilinda, baraza la mahakama lazima lijitahidi kujiwazia katika nafasi ambayo mshtakiwa alikuwa. Kwa mahakama kama ilivyo sasa, "ilikuwa vigumu kuelewa kwa nini mshtakiwa hakulia kuomba msaada na kwa nini watu wengine huko hawakumshinda marehemu." Uchunguzi huu, uliofanyika Van den Heever JA kwa Kitengo cha Rufaa, ulikuwa kulingana na ujuzi wa jumla wa athari za binadamu na si juu ya ushahidi. Mtu anajua kutokana na uzoefu katika kesi za kesi kwamba wenyeji wanaweza kuchukua mtazamo "hiyo ni biashara yao", na kwamba wahusika wakuu katika tukio kama hilo wanaweza kuchukia kuingiliwa na watu wa nje. Kwa vyovyote vile, hakuna mtu anayetamani kumshinda mchokozi aliye na silaha mbaya. [[Mahakama Kuu ya Kimataifa|Mahakama]] pia ilisema ilikuwa na "ugumu mkubwa katika [[kesi]] hii kushikilia kuwa mshtakiwa hawezi kutoroka na kwamba hakuwa na nafasi nzuri ya kutoroka kama angetaka." Van den Heever JA, akijibu hili, alibainisha kuwa ukumbi ambao mauaji yalitokea ilikuwa imejaa na harakati ndani yake ilikuwa ngumu. Lakini uchunguzi unaweka hatari kwa mrufani ambayo hakulazimika kuibeba. Hakuitwa kuhatarisha maisha yake juu ya "nafasi nzuri ya kuondoka". Iwapo angefanya hivyo huenda angefikiriwa kuwa ndiye aliyekufa kwenye kesi, badala ya kuwa mshtakiwa. Zaidi ya hayo, mtu lazima asimlaumu mtu ambaye ghafla anakuwa mhusika wa shambulio la mauaji kwamba utulivu wa kiakili na uwezo wa kufikiria njia za baada ya ukweli za kuepuka kushambuliwa bila kukimbilia vurugu. [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] 8nbddo92ox9gws52bebf7oe5mnvwo0d Jamii:Wahusika wa maigizo ya televisheni 14 153775 1237880 2022-08-01T14:00:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wahusika]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wahusika]] 2q81vl3yeiytlpb8mdqlic45jszjmpt Jamii:Wahusika 14 153776 1237881 2022-08-01T14:01:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:sanaa]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:sanaa]] a9eplk3kgtvif1m3axw9eea427m8zff Eric Michael Swalwell 0 153777 1237886 2022-08-01T14:08:32Z ZeoBrain 55226 new 3 by ZiroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Michael Swalwell''' (amezaliwa 16/11/980) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Eric Swalwell thinks he can win over Trump supporters -- like his parents|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-eric-swalwell-thinks-he-can-win-over-trump-supporters-like-his-parents|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2019-05-24|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-us}}</ref>ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] anayaefanyakazi kama mwakilishi [[bunge]] wa [[Marekani|malekani]] ndani ya  [[California]] tangu 2013. Wilaya yake inashughulikia zaidi Kaunti ya [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] ya mashariki na sehemu ya Kati ya Kaunti ya Contra Costa. Pia ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, Swalwell alilelewa huko Sac City, [[Iowa]], Na [[Dublin]], [[California]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wabunge]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] n66i5nkf3dxk1vd3hnd2qvk41d5jblx 1237896 1237886 2022-08-01T14:23:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Michael Swalwell''' (amezaliwa 16 Novemba 1980) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Eric Swalwell thinks he can win over Trump supporters -- like his parents|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-eric-swalwell-thinks-he-can-win-over-trump-supporters-like-his-parents|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2019-05-24|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-us}}</ref> ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] anayewakilisha [[California]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Marekani]] tangu 2013. Wilaya yake inashughulikia zaidi Kaunti ya [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] ya mashariki na sehemu ya Kati ya Kaunti ya Contra Costa. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, Swalwell alilelewa huko Sac City, [[Iowa]], na [[Dublin]], [[California]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 1wa2yx5dta8two4qsru3hzjb4q4ayw4 1237926 1237896 2022-08-01T18:29:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Michael Swalwell''' (amezaliwa 16 Novemba 1980) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Eric Swalwell thinks he can win over Trump supporters -- like his parents|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-eric-swalwell-thinks-he-can-win-over-trump-supporters-like-his-parents|work=PBS NewsHour|date=2019-05-24|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-us}}</ref> ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] anayewakilisha [[California]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Marekani]] tangu 2013. Wilaya yake inashughulikia zaidi Kaunti ya [[Alameda, California|Alameda]] ya mashariki na sehemu ya Kati ya Kaunti ya Contra Costa. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, Swalwell alilelewa huko Sac City, [[Iowa]], na [[Dublin]], [[California]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] l2mvoxqj03ek0bbbkxg12ja59zbia9e Jamii:Wahandisi wa Sudan 14 153778 1237888 2022-08-01T14:09:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Sudan]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Sudan]] 1doxdwulhicyrfzszc4zqxo2tkx2hrc Jamii:Wahandisi wa Somaliland 14 153779 1237889 2022-08-01T14:11:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wahandisi wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:watu wa Somaliland]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wahandisi wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:watu wa Somaliland]] m9wvmil04utldkdcfl9jun3udcyppxu Jamii:Wahandisi wa Nigeria 14 153780 1237890 2022-08-01T14:12:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|N]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|N]] mhcsstzbvp0miqh4d641npt6w17vu7t Jamii:Wahandisi wa Msumbiji 14 153781 1237891 2022-08-01T14:13:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:wahandishi nchi kwa nchi|M]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:wahandishi nchi kwa nchi|M]] q1d0s17zivqey3tk2ofumdsiqh9xi52 1237892 1237891 2022-08-01T14:13:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|M]] 5z4dofchlfdcsw3xd1jhbw1n2midsme Jamii:Wahandisi wa Israeli 14 153782 1237893 2022-08-01T14:15:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Israel]] [[Jamii:wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|I]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Israel]] [[Jamii:wahandisi nchi kwa nchi|I]] ffl0nf7e1pawqjghp7qxkdqe4jsti5k Bi Sloane 0 153783 1237894 2022-08-01T14:21:09Z ZeoBrain 55226 new 4 by ZeroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki Miss Sloane ni [[filamu]] ya kusisimua ya [[Kisiara|kisiasa]] ya iliyochezwa mwaka 2016 iliyoongozwa na [[:en:John_Madden_(director)|John Madden]] na iliyoandikwa na Jonathan Perera. [[nyota]] wa [[Filamu]] hiyo ni Jessica Chastain, Mark Strong, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Stuhlbarg, Alison Pill, Jake Lacy, John Lithgow, na Sam Waterston. Filamu hiyo inamfuata Elizabeth Sloane, mshawishi mkali, ambaye anapigana katika jaribio la kupitisha sheria ya udhibiti wa [[bunduki]]. lakini, anaachwa hoi wakati chama pinzani kinachimba sana maisha yake ya binafsi. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] c1kwulja4iflr70pq66xzoxl5isa6a5 1237928 1237894 2022-08-01T18:31:14Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miss Sloane''' ni [[filamu]] ya kusisimua ya [[Kisiara|kisiasa]] ya iliyochezwa mwaka 2016 iliyoongozwa na [[:en:John_Madden_(director)|John Madden]] na iliyoandikwa na Jonathan Perera. [[nyota]] wa [[Filamu]] hiyo ni Jessica Chastain, Mark Strong, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Stuhlbarg, Alison Pill, Jake Lacy, John Lithgow, na Sam Waterston. Filamu hiyo inamfuata Elizabeth Sloane, mshawishi mkali, ambaye anapigana katika jaribio la kupitisha sheria ya udhibiti wa [[bunduki]]. lakini, anaachwa hoi wakati chama pinzani kinachimba sana maisha yake ya binafsi. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] oy5wiajld0loqxkr1w4zihx7nckc2ck Kujilinda (Australia) 0 153784 1237895 2022-08-01T14:23:12Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki Kwa nadharia ya jumla ya kujilinda, angalia kujilinda (nadharia). Katika sheria ya jinai ya Australia, '''kujilinda''' ni utetezi wa kisheria kwa shtaka la kusababisha jeraha au kifo katika kumlinda mtu au, kwa kiasi fulani, mali, au utetezi fulani wa mauaji ikiwa kiwango cha nguvu kilichotumiwa kilikuwa kikubwa. Kujilinda katika mauaji Katika Viro v The Queen, <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1978-11-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.v61:7|journal=Helvetica Chimica Acta|volume=61|issue=7|doi=10.1002/hlca.v61:7|issn=0018-019X}}</ref> Justice Mason alitunga mapendekezo sita kuhusu sheria ya kujilinda katika kesi za mauaji. Kwa hivyo, kuachiliwa kamili kunafikiwa ikiwa baraza la mahakama litagundua kwamba mshtakiwa aliamini kwa sababu kwamba walitishiwa kifo au madhara makubwa ya mwili na, ikiwa ni hivyo, kwamba nguvu iliyotumiwa ililingana na hatari inayoonekana. Katika Zecevic v Mkurugenzi wa Mashtaka ya Umma, <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1987-08-12|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.v70:5|journal=Helvetica Chimica Acta|volume=70|issue=5|doi=10.1002/hlca.v70:5|issn=0018-019X}}</ref>mwathiriwa alikodi kitengo kutoka kwa mshtakiwa. Mshtakiwa alizidi kukasirishwa na mwathiriwa ambaye aliendelea kuacha milango ya usalama ya kitengo hicho ikiwa imefunguliwa. Baada ya majibizano makali, mshtakiwa alichomwa kisu na mpangaji. Mshtakiwa, akihofia kwamba mpangaji alikuwa karibu kuchukua [[bunduki]] kutoka kwa gari lake, alikimbia na kuchukua bunduki yake. Mshtakiwa alirudi, na kumpiga [[risasi]] na kumuua mpangaji. Wengi wa Mahakama Kuu walisema wakiwa 661:<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1987-08-12|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.v70:5|journal=Helvetica Chimica Acta|volume=70|issue=5|doi=10.1002/hlca.v70:5|issn=0018-019X}}</ref> Swali la kuulizwa mwisho ni rahisi sana. Ni iwapo mshtakiwa aliamini kwa sababu za msingi kwamba ilikuwa muhimu katika kujilinda kufanya kile alichofanya. Iwapo alikuwa na imani hiyo na kulikuwa na sababu za msingi kwa hilo, au ikiwa baraza la mahakama limeachwa katika shaka ya kutosha juu ya jambo hilo, basi ana haki ya kuachiliwa. Imeelezwa katika fomu hii, swali ni moja ya matumizi ya jumla na sio tu kwa kesi za mauaji. Mahakama ya New South Wales ya Rufaa ya Jinai katika R v Burgess; R v Saunders alishikilia kuwa 'dhana ya kujilinda inajitokeza tu pale ambapo hatua za mtuhumiwa kwa njia ya kujilinda huchukuliwa moja kwa moja dhidi ya mtu anayetishia mtuhumiwa au kiumbe au mali ya mtu mwingine.'<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1987-08-12|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.v70:5|journal=Helvetica Chimica Acta|volume=70|issue=5|doi=10.1002/hlca.v70:5|issn=0018-019X}}</ref> Katika R v Conlon mshtakiwa alitumia bunduki kuwafukuza watu wawili waliovuka mipaka ambao aliamini kuwa waliiba mimea yake ya bangi. Imani yake iliathiriwa na ulevi na shida ya tabia ya skizoid ambayo ilikuwa muhimu kuamua ikiwa Taji ilithibitisha kwamba hakujitetea: haswa ikiwa aliamini kwamba ilikuwa muhimu kufanya kile alichofanya na ikiwa hiyo ilikuwa imani inayofaa. . Swali hili linaonekana kuwa la manufaa kwa upande wa utetezi kwa sababu linajaribu kama imani ni sawa kwa mshtakiwa (jaribio la kutegemea), si jambo la busara kwa mtu mwenye akili timamu (jaribio la lengo).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crim|first=Keith|date=1993-04|title=Book Review: Who's Who of World Religions|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939301700227|journal=International Bulletin of Missionary Research|volume=17|issue=2|pages=92–93|doi=10.1177/239693939301700227|issn=0272-6122}}</ref> [[Jamii:Vita]] [[Jamii:Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] 5ldml5qxqnhek66scs5wu64v0qgz1d7 Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Puerto Rico 14 153785 1237898 2022-08-01T14:25:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Puerto Rico]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|P]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Puerto Rico]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|P]] lsnlmal0rzy0d5fz77fqbodaejhpr66 Dan Gross (mwanaharakati) 0 153786 1237899 2022-08-01T14:27:40Z ZeoBrain 55226 new 5 by ZeroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki Dan Gross ndiye [[Rais]] wa zamani wa Kampeni ya Brady ya Kuzuia fujo za [[Bunduki]]. Aliteuliwa katika wadhifa huu mnamo 28/2/2012, baada ya kuunganishwa kwa Kampeni ya Brady na Kituo cha Kuzuia [[Vurugu za bunduki|Vurugu]] kwa [[Ujana|Vijana]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brady gun-control organization gets new president|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/02/brady-gun-control-organization-gets-new-president/1|work=USATODAY.COM|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Brady gun-control group elects president|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/02/06/Brady-gun-control-group-elects-president/31991328549305/|work=UPI|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref>. Nafasi hii iliisha mnamo 2017. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Marais]] 2bjeakzritre14x64qsuhq26v18q8zc 1237929 1237899 2022-08-01T18:32:07Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dan Gross''' ndiye [[Rais]] wa zamani wa Kampeni ya Brady ya Kuzuia fujo za [[Bunduki]]. Aliteuliwa katika wadhifa huu mnamo 28/2/2012, baada ya kuunganishwa kwa Kampeni ya Brady na Kituo cha Kuzuia [[Vurugu za bunduki|Vurugu]] kwa [[Ujana|Vijana]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brady gun-control organization gets new president|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/02/brady-gun-control-organization-gets-new-president/1|work=USATODAY.COM|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Brady gun-control group elects president|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/02/06/Brady-gun-control-group-elects-president/31991328549305/|work=UPI|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref>. Nafasi hii iliisha mnamo 2017. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Marais]] 3mu8sly6uhhx5g6e6z069qropooq5e6 Jamii:Wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo 14 153787 1237902 2022-08-01T14:30:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:wachoraja nchi kwa nchi|K]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:wachoraja nchi kwa nchi|K]] 9gn20xxygr6yuxxz5m9hthvjni2wiqk 1237903 1237902 2022-08-01T14:31:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:wachoraji nchi kwa nchi|K]] egma67ny02em0nztpw4sdgrnq6kcqyb Jamii:Wachoraji wa Ufini 14 153788 1237904 2022-08-01T14:33:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Ufini]] [[Jamii:wachoraj nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ufini]] [[Jamii:wachoraj nchi kwa nchi|U]] f0bjhydq56srnsxdgisfhgjx9g0big8 1237905 1237904 2022-08-01T14:33:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ufini]] [[Jamii:wachoraji nchi kwa nchi|U]] 6kjc4aw97rlhe0cm2257d5cf4gi5i57 Al Green (mwanasiasa) 0 153789 1237906 2022-08-01T14:37:50Z ZeoBrain 55226 new 6 by ZeroBrain wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexander N. Green''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702141959/https://www.usgovernmentmanual.gov/(S(v2wxvyxkgkto2e0kt5qo3lv3))/Agency.aspx?EntityId=wBnZD1ihyZI=&ParentEId=+klubNxgV0o=&EType=jY3M4CTKVHY=|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>(amezaliwa 1/9/1947) ni ''wakili'' na [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Green amefanya kazi katika Congress kama mwakilishi wa [[Marekani]] kwa wilaya ya 9 ya bunge ya Texas tangu 2005. Wilaya ya 9 inajumuisha sehemu kubwa ya kusini-magharibi mwa [[Houston, Texas|Houston]], sehemu ya Kaunti ya Fort Bend na sehemu kubwa ya Missouri City. Green ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia huko [[marekani]]<ref>http://www.alphaphialpha.net/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=25&newsCat=Press+Release</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] ovyht9k8di06j8oywi74m528zvfzu5a 1237927 1237906 2022-08-01T18:30:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexander N. Green''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702141959/https://www.usgovernmentmanual.gov/(S(v2wxvyxkgkto2e0kt5qo3lv3))/Agency.aspx?EntityId=wBnZD1ihyZI=&ParentEId=+klubNxgV0o=&EType=jY3M4CTKVHY=|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>(amezaliwa 1/9/1947) ni ''wakili'' na [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Green amefanya kazi katika Congress kama mwakilishi wa [[Marekani]] kwa wilaya ya 9 ya bunge ya Texas tangu 2005. Wilaya ya 9 inajumuisha sehemu kubwa ya kusini-magharibi mwa [[Houston, Texas|Houston]], sehemu ya Kaunti ya Fort Bend na sehemu kubwa ya Missouri City. Green ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia huko [[marekani]]<ref>http://www.alphaphialpha.net/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=25&newsCat=Press+Release</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 5y7t078vzltwg3bwybyfvwakmva0fpu Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Kanada 14 153790 1237909 2022-08-01T14:40:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Elimu ya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|K]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Elimu ya Kanada]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|K]] o110n2i2nys5hslcetw3gqja7ctla9e Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Urusi 14 153791 1237910 2022-08-01T14:43:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Elimu ya Urusi]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|U]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Elimu ya Urusi]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|U]] m5d71i1anb68owsozgm34lfdn9k6ki6 Watu dhidi ya Gleghorn 0 153792 1237911 2022-08-01T14:44:30Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''People v. Gleghorn''', California [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa, 193 Cal. Programu. 3d 196, 238 Cal. Rptr. 82 (1987), ni kesi ya kisheria inayoonyesha wakati mshtakiwa anapoteza haki yake ya kujitetea, kwa sababu matendo yake mwenyewe yasiyo na hatia yalianzisha masharti ambayo ulinzi binafsi ungehitajika; alisababisha hali ya utetezi wake mwenyewe.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>: 526–8 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Mahakama iliandika: "Sio kila shambulio huleta haki ya kuua kwa kujilinda... Kwa ujumla, ikiwa mtu atafanya shambulio la kikatili kwa mwingine ... mshambulizi wa awali hawezi kumuua mpinzani wake kwa kujilinda isipokuwa kwanza, kwa nia njema. , alikataa [[Mapigano ya Stalingrad|mapigano]] zaidi, na amemjulisha kwa haki kwamba ameachana na uasi.Hata hivyo, wakati mwathiriwa wa shambulio rahisi anapojibu kwa shambulio la ghafla na la kuua, mshambulizi wa awali hahitaji kujaribu kujiondoa na anaweza kutumia nguvu ifaayo katika kujilinda. ." Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi "ambapo muigizaji sio tu ana hatia ya kusababisha masharti ya utetezi, lakini pia ana hali ya akili isiyo na hatia ya kujihusisha. mwenendo unaounda kosa, serikali inapaswa kumwadhibu kwa kusababisha mwenendo uliohalalishwa au uliosamehewa." <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Kwa maoni yake, mahakama ilibaini hali isiyo ya kawaida ya ukweli wa msingi katika kesi hiyo: "Mtu anayeingia kwenye makazi ya mtu mwingine saa 3 asubuhi kwa madhumuni yaliyotangazwa ya kumuua, na ambaye anaanza kupiga kitanda cha mtu aliyeshtuka kwa fimbo na kuwasha moto chini yake, basi atastahili kutumia nguvu mbaya. katika kujitetea baada ya mtu aliyekusudiwa kumrushia mshale mgongoni? Juu ya mambo haya ya ajabu, tunashikilia kwamba hawezi…” [[Jamii:Vita]] nsbvi82agihqgc21ahejcig68rtyk64 1237921 1237911 2022-08-01T18:25:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''People v. Gleghorn''', California [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa, 193 Cal. Programu. 3d 196, 238 Cal. Rptr. 82 (1987), ni kesi ya kisheria inayoonyesha wakati mshtakiwa anapoteza haki yake ya kujitetea, kwa sababu matendo yake mwenyewe yasiyo na hatia yalianzisha masharti ambayo ulinzi binafsi ungehitajika; alisababisha hali ya utetezi wake mwenyewe.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>: 526–8 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Mahakama iliandika: "Sio kila shambulio huleta haki ya kuua kwa kujilinda... Kwa ujumla, ikiwa mtu atafanya shambulio la kikatili kwa mwingine ... mshambulizi wa awali hawezi kumuua mpinzani wake kwa kujilinda isipokuwa kwanza, kwa nia njema. , alikataa [[Mapigano ya Stalingrad|mapigano]] zaidi, na amemjulisha kwa haki kwamba ameachana na uasi.Hata hivyo, wakati mwathiriwa wa shambulio rahisi anapojibu kwa shambulio la ghafla na la kuua, mshambulizi wa awali hahitaji kujaribu kujiondoa na anaweza kutumia nguvu ifaayo katika kujilinda. ." Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi "ambapo muigizaji sio tu ana hatia ya kusababisha masharti ya utetezi, lakini pia ana hali ya akili isiyo na hatia ya kujihusisha. mwenendo unaounda kosa, serikali inapaswa kumwadhibu kwa kusababisha mwenendo uliohalalishwa au uliosamehewa." <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Kwa maoni yake, mahakama ilibaini hali isiyo ya kawaida ya ukweli wa msingi katika kesi hiyo: "Mtu anayeingia kwenye makazi ya mtu mwingine saa 3 asubuhi kwa madhumuni yaliyotangazwa ya kumuua, na ambaye anaanza kupiga kitanda cha mtu aliyeshtuka kwa fimbo na kuwasha moto chini yake, basi atastahili kutumia nguvu mbaya. katika kujitetea baada ya mtu aliyekusudiwa kumrushia mshale mgongoni? Juu ya mambo haya ya ajabu, tunashikilia kwamba hawezi…” ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Vita]] scoujn9hnwnot70d8h82kc4ekdwxe29 1237938 1237921 2022-08-01T20:44:27Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''People v. Gleghorn''', California [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa, 193 Cal. Programu. 3d 196, 238 Cal. Rptr. 82 (1987), ni kesi ya kisheria inayoonyesha wakati mshtakiwa anapoteza haki yake ya kujitetea, kwa sababu matendo yake mwenyewe yasiyo na hatia yalianzisha masharti ambayo ulinzi binafsi ungehitajika; alisababisha hali ya utetezi wake mwenyewe.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>: 526–8 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Mahakama iliandika: "Sio kila shambulio huleta haki ya kuua kwa kujilinda... Kwa ujumla, ikiwa mtu atafanya shambulio la kikatili kwa mwingine ... mshambulizi wa awali hawezi kumuua mpinzani wake kwa kujilinda isipokuwa kwanza, kwa nia njema. , alikataa [[Mapigano ya Stalingrad|mapigano]] zaidi, na amemjulisha kwa haki kwamba ameachana na uasi.Hata hivyo, wakati mwathiriwa wa shambulio rahisi anapojibu kwa shambulio la ghafla na la kuua, mshambulizi wa awali hahitaji kujaribu kujiondoa na anaweza kutumia nguvu ifaayo katika kujilinda. ." Kanuni hii iliyowekwa na mahakama kuhusu kesi ya msingi ya mauaji ilijumlishwa kwa aina nyingine za kesi "ambapo muigizaji sio tu ana hatia ya kusababisha masharti ya utetezi, lakini pia ana hali ya akili isiyo na hatia ya kujihusisha. mwenendo unaounda kosa, serikali inapaswa kumwadhibu kwa kusababisha mwenendo uliohalalishwa au uliosamehewa." <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Paul H.|date=1985-02|title=Causing the Conditions of One's Own Defense: A Study in the Limits of Theory in Criminal Law Doctrine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1072934|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=71|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.2307/1072934|issn=0042-6601}}</ref> Kwa maoni yake, mahakama ilibaini hali isiyo ya kawaida ya ukweli wa msingi katika kesi hiyo: "Mtu anayeingia kwenye makazi ya mtu mwingine saa 3 asubuhi kwa madhumuni yaliyotangazwa ya kumuua, na ambaye anaanza kupiga kitanda cha mtu aliyeshtuka kwa fimbo na kuwasha moto chini yake, basi atastahili kutumia nguvu mbaya. katika kujitetea baada ya mtu aliyekusudiwa kumrushia mshale mgongoni? Juu ya mambo haya ya ajabu, tunashikilia kwamba hawezi…” ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Vita]] hi0b286u3tlonzgk0i7ohbl7uidnnuu Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Norway 14 153793 1237912 2022-08-01T14:44:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Elimu ya Norway]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|N]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Elimu ya Norway]] [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu nchi kwa nchi|N]] rb9z9r3rrmv8aj9amekgme74fukosg6 Runyan dhidi ya Jimbo 0 153794 1237913 2022-08-01T14:51:39Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Runyan v. dhidi ya Jimbo''', 57 Ind. 80 (1877), ilikuwa kesi ya mahakama ya Indiana ambayo ilipinga sheria ya asili na Akili tofauti ya Kiamerika kukataa jukumu la kurudi nyuma wakati wa kudai kujitetea katika kesi ya mauaji.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> '''Usuli''' Usiku wa uchaguzi wa kinyang'anyiro cha urais wa 1876, John Runyan alinyanyaswa kwa kuwa Mwanademokrasia na Charles Presnall wakati wote wawili walikuwa New Castle, Indiana. Runyan alimpiga risasi na kumuua kwa bastola yake ingawa angeweza kurudi nyuma. '''Uamuzi''' Mahakama ilidokeza kuwa haikuwa ya Kiamerika,[2]: 551–2  kuandika kwa kurejelea akili tofauti ya Kimarekani,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>"tabia ya mawazo ya Kiamerika inaonekana kuwa dhidi ya" wajibu wa kurudi nyuma.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Mahakama ilikwenda mbali zaidi kwa kusema kwamba hakuna [[sheria]] ya kisheria inayoweza kuhitaji wajibu wa kurudi nyuma, kwa sababu haki ya kusimama msingi "imejengwa juu ya sheria ya asili; na haiwezi, wala haiwezi kubadilishwa na sheria yoyote ya jamii." [[Jamii:Jimbo la Afar]] ba48z43uqjdubkrio4kr15d322hj5gm 1237922 1237913 2022-08-01T18:26:50Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Runyan v. dhidi ya Jimbo''', 57 Ind. 80 (1877), ilikuwa kesi ya mahakama ya Indiana ambayo ilipinga sheria ya asili na Akili tofauti ya Kiamerika kukataa jukumu la kurudi nyuma wakati wa kudai kujitetea katika kesi ya mauaji.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> '''Usuli''' Usiku wa uchaguzi wa kinyang'anyiro cha urais wa 1876, John Runyan alinyanyaswa kwa kuwa Mwanademokrasia na Charles Presnall wakati wote wawili walikuwa New Castle, Indiana. Runyan alimpiga risasi na kumuua kwa bastola yake ingawa angeweza kurudi nyuma. '''Uamuzi''' Mahakama ilidokeza kuwa haikuwa ya Kiamerika,[2]: 551–2  kuandika kwa kurejelea akili tofauti ya Kimarekani,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>"tabia ya mawazo ya Kiamerika inaonekana kuwa dhidi ya" wajibu wa kurudi nyuma.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Mahakama ilikwenda mbali zaidi kwa kusema kwamba hakuna [[sheria]] ya kisheria inayoweza kuhitaji wajibu wa kurudi nyuma, kwa sababu haki ya kusimama msingi "imejengwa juu ya sheria ya asili; na haiwezi, wala haiwezi kubadilishwa na sheria yoyote ya jamii." ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Jimbo la Afar]] f7h3f4mprxhtest56c5cptu4rko17me 1237944 1237922 2022-08-01T21:03:07Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Runyan v. dhidi ya Jimbo''', 57 Ind. 80 (1877), ilikuwa kesi ya mahakama ya Indiana ambayo ilipinga sheria ya asili na Akili tofauti ya Kiamerika kukataa jukumu la kurudi nyuma wakati wa kudai kujitetea katika kesi ya mauaji.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> ==Usuli== Usiku wa uchaguzi wa kinyang'anyiro cha urais wa 1876, John Runyan alinyanyaswa kwa kuwa Mwanademokrasia na Charles Presnall wakati wote wawili walikuwa New Castle, Indiana. Runyan alimpiga risasi na kumuua kwa bastola yake ingawa angeweza kurudi nyuma. ==Uamuzi== Mahakama ilidokeza kuwa haikuwa ya Kiamerika,[2]: 551–2  kuandika kwa kurejelea akili tofauti ya Kimarekani,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref>"tabia ya mawazo ya Kiamerika inaonekana kuwa dhidi ya" wajibu wa kurudi nyuma.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783522445|title=Criminal law : cases and materials|last=Kaplan|first=John|date=2012|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Law & Business/Aspen Publishers|others=Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder|isbn=978-1-4548-0698-1|edition=7th ed|location=New York|oclc=783522445}}</ref> Mahakama ilikwenda mbali zaidi kwa kusema kwamba hakuna [[sheria]] ya kisheria inayoweza kuhitaji wajibu wa kurudi nyuma, kwa sababu haki ya kusimama msingi "imejengwa juu ya sheria ya asili; na haiwezi, wala haiwezi kubadilishwa na sheria yoyote ya jamii." ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Jimbo la Afar]] jo99dr5sl6pa20z43yeiff2oqmv37av Red Brigade Trust 0 153795 1237914 2022-08-01T14:59:51Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Red Brigade Trust''' ni shirika lisilo la kiserikali <ref>{{Citation|title=Wheatley, Col Henry Spencer, (16 May 1851–27 Dec. 1932), late Brigade Comm. 8th Lucknow Division|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u219025|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> lililoko Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2011 na Ajay Patel inaangazia kuwawezesha wanawake kupitia elimu ya kujilinda.<ref>{{Citation|title=Wheatley, Col Henry Spencer, (16 May 1851–27 Dec. 1932), late Brigade Comm. 8th Lucknow Division|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u219025|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Kuhusu Mnamo mwaka wa 2010, alipokuwa akiendesha warsha na wasichana matineja, Ajay Patel na timu yake waligundua kuwa wengi wa washiriki walishambuliwa kijinsia katika nyumba zao na wanafamilia wao au jamaa wa karibu [inahitajika]. Pamoja na kundi la wasichana 15, wengi wao wakiwa wahasiriwa wa aina moja au nyingine ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia, waliamua kupigana. Red Brigade Trust iliundwa na kundi la walionusurika katika unyanyasaji wa kingono chini ya uongozi wa Ajay Patel. <ref>{{Citation|last=Goodwin|first=Sarah|title=Lived desistance: understanding how women experience giving up offending|date=2016-09-21|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324676.003.0005|work=Moving on from Crime and Substance Use|publisher=Policy Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Kikundi kilisajiliwa rasmi kama amana mnamo 2014 na Ajay Patel akiwa Msimamizi Msimamizi. '''Ruzuku mshirika''' FRIDA The Young Feminist Fund ni mshirika wa ruzuku kwa Red Brigade tangu 2014. <ref>{{Citation|title=Growing Up As Girls|date=1997-10-27|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511552144.004|work=Living Feminism|pages=26–45|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> FRIDA ni nini [[Jamii:Shirika lililoanzishwa 1863]] 1g9iee13f3759h3l2h85jfyysxsw8rg 1237923 1237914 2022-08-01T18:27:33Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Red Brigade Trust''' ni shirika lisilo la kiserikali <ref>{{Citation|title=Wheatley, Col Henry Spencer, (16 May 1851–27 Dec. 1932), late Brigade Comm. 8th Lucknow Division|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u219025|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> lililoko Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2011 na Ajay Patel inaangazia kuwawezesha wanawake kupitia elimu ya kujilinda.<ref>{{Citation|title=Wheatley, Col Henry Spencer, (16 May 1851–27 Dec. 1932), late Brigade Comm. 8th Lucknow Division|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u219025|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Kuhusu Mnamo mwaka wa 2010, alipokuwa akiendesha warsha na wasichana matineja, Ajay Patel na timu yake waligundua kuwa wengi wa washiriki walishambuliwa kijinsia katika nyumba zao na wanafamilia wao au jamaa wa karibu [inahitajika]. Pamoja na kundi la wasichana 15, wengi wao wakiwa wahasiriwa wa aina moja au nyingine ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia, waliamua kupigana. Red Brigade Trust iliundwa na kundi la walionusurika katika unyanyasaji wa kingono chini ya uongozi wa Ajay Patel. <ref>{{Citation|last=Goodwin|first=Sarah|title=Lived desistance: understanding how women experience giving up offending|date=2016-09-21|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324676.003.0005|work=Moving on from Crime and Substance Use|publisher=Policy Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Kikundi kilisajiliwa rasmi kama amana mnamo 2014 na Ajay Patel akiwa Msimamizi Msimamizi. '''Ruzuku mshirika''' FRIDA The Young Feminist Fund ni mshirika wa ruzuku kwa Red Brigade tangu 2014. <ref>{{Citation|title=Growing Up As Girls|date=1997-10-27|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511552144.004|work=Living Feminism|pages=26–45|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> FRIDA ni nini ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Shirika lililoanzishwa 1863]] needra8untpgi3jevk98zl2us5bwb04 Basil Parasiris 0 153796 1237915 2022-08-01T15:11:07Z Vice-president013 55222 kubadili lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basil Parasiris''' (amezaliwa Oktoba 28, 1965) ni mfanyabiashara wa zamani wa eneo la Montreal ambaye aliondolewa mashtaka ya mauaji ya daraja la kwanza katika mauaji ya kupigwa [[risasi]] Machi 2, 2007 ya Sajenti Daniel Tessier, afisa wa polisi wa Laval. '''Utekelezaji wa hati ya utafutaji''' Mnamo Machi 2, 2007, polisi wa Laval walitekeleza hati ya upekuzi katika nyumba ya Basil Parasiris kwenye barabara tulivu ya Brossard kwenye ufuo wa kusini wa Montreal. Hati hiyo, iliyoidhinishwa na haki Gaby Dumas, iliruhusu polisi wa Laval kutumia kuingia kwa nguvu, ambayo ni kumshangaza mtu anayechunguzwa, kutekeleza utafutaji wao wa ushahidi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=the-european-arrest-warrant;hr|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9827-3002|work=Human Rights Documents online|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>Kwa ujumla, kuingia kwa nguvu hakuruhusiwi kutumika isipokuwa kuna hatari ya mshukiwa kuharibu ushahidi ikiwa ataarifiwa kuwa polisi wako kwenye majengo. Hati hiyo ilitekelezwa kabla ya mapambazuko, wakati timu ya maafisa wa [[polisi]] wa Laval waliokuwa na silaha na waliovalia mavazi ya kawaida walipogonga mlango wa nyumba ya Parasiris na kukimbilia chumbani kwake, ambako yeye na mkewe walikuwa wamelala. Bila kujua kwamba walikuwa maafisa wa polisi wanaotekeleza hati ya upekuzi, Parasiris alidhani kuwa ni uvamizi wa nyumbani. Aliikimbilia bastola yake na kuwapiga risasi wale waliodhaniwa kuwa wavamizi. Risasi ya kwanza iliyofyatuliwa ilimpata Konstebo Daniel Tessier kichwani, na ya pili ikapenya moyo wake. Mshirika wa Tessier, Stéphane Forbes, pia alijeruhiwa na moja ya risasi nne zilizopigwa kutoka kwa bastola ya Parasiris katika majibizano ya sekunde 30 na polisi, pamoja na mke wa Bw. Parasiris, Penny, alipokuwa akikimbilia chumbani. Watoto wawili wa Bw. Parasiris, 15 na 7, waliogopa kusikia milio ya risasi nyumbani kwao; mwana mkubwa alikimbia kupiga 9-1-1 na kuelekezwa kukaa mahali. '''Usikilizaji wa dhamana''' Akishtakiwa kwa mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, Parasiris alisimama kwa dhamana mbele ya Hakimu wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya Quebec Jean-Guy Boilard na kuwakilishwa na wakili wa Montreal, Frank Pappas. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, hakimu aliangazia ikiwa Parasiris alikuwa jamii au hatari ya kukimbia. Mashahidi waliotoa ushahidi wa Parasiris walidai kwamba alikuwa mtu mwaminifu na mwenye amani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Heberden, Surg.-Captain George Alfred, (27 April 1860–23 Jan. 1916), Medical Officer, Kimberley Light Horse|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u197729|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Hakimu alipendekeza kuwa hati ambayo polisi waliouwawa nyumbani kwa Parasiris haikuanisha kuingia kwa nguvu au uvamizi wa alfajiri, na ilipaswa kugonga kabla ya kuingia. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, Parasiris alidai kuwa alimrushia bastola yake kwa makusudi Sajenti Daniel Tesser akihisi kuwa ni wizi na kwamba hamtambui Tessier kama afisa wa polisi hadi alipoanguka, kwani neno "Polisi" lilikuwa kwenye nyuma ya vest. Baada ya ushahidi kutoka kwa mashahidi na kutoka kwa Parasiris, Jaji Boilard alifikia uamuzi wa kuruhusu Basil apewe dhamana. Hakuna mshukiwa nchini Canada ambaye alikuwa ameachiliwa kwa dhamana kwa shtaka la mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, kulingana na Pappas. Masharti yake yalijumuisha kufuata amri ya kutotoka nje, kuishi na wazazi wake, na kuwa na dada na binamu wake kutuma bondi ya $100,000. Kulingana na matoleo ya vyombo vya habari wakati wa kupigwa risasi, risasi iliyomjeruhi Penny ilikuwa imetolewa kutoka kwa silaha ya [[polisi]]. Pia, raundi kadhaa zilikuwa zimefukuzwa na [[polisi]] kwenye chumba cha kulala cha watoto. [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] aa0ylt89i5irtvqvzj86wuk832tguou 1237924 1237915 2022-08-01T18:28:05Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basil Parasiris''' (amezaliwa Oktoba 28, 1965) ni mfanyabiashara wa zamani wa eneo la Montreal ambaye aliondolewa mashtaka ya mauaji ya daraja la kwanza katika mauaji ya kupigwa [[risasi]] Machi 2, 2007 ya Sajenti Daniel Tessier, afisa wa polisi wa Laval. '''Utekelezaji wa hati ya utafutaji''' Mnamo Machi 2, 2007, polisi wa Laval walitekeleza hati ya upekuzi katika nyumba ya Basil Parasiris kwenye barabara tulivu ya Brossard kwenye ufuo wa kusini wa Montreal. Hati hiyo, iliyoidhinishwa na haki Gaby Dumas, iliruhusu polisi wa Laval kutumia kuingia kwa nguvu, ambayo ni kumshangaza mtu anayechunguzwa, kutekeleza utafutaji wao wa ushahidi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=the-european-arrest-warrant;hr|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9827-3002|work=Human Rights Documents online|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>Kwa ujumla, kuingia kwa nguvu hakuruhusiwi kutumika isipokuwa kuna hatari ya mshukiwa kuharibu ushahidi ikiwa ataarifiwa kuwa polisi wako kwenye majengo. Hati hiyo ilitekelezwa kabla ya mapambazuko, wakati timu ya maafisa wa [[polisi]] wa Laval waliokuwa na silaha na waliovalia mavazi ya kawaida walipogonga mlango wa nyumba ya Parasiris na kukimbilia chumbani kwake, ambako yeye na mkewe walikuwa wamelala. Bila kujua kwamba walikuwa maafisa wa polisi wanaotekeleza hati ya upekuzi, Parasiris alidhani kuwa ni uvamizi wa nyumbani. Aliikimbilia bastola yake na kuwapiga risasi wale waliodhaniwa kuwa wavamizi. Risasi ya kwanza iliyofyatuliwa ilimpata Konstebo Daniel Tessier kichwani, na ya pili ikapenya moyo wake. Mshirika wa Tessier, Stéphane Forbes, pia alijeruhiwa na moja ya risasi nne zilizopigwa kutoka kwa bastola ya Parasiris katika majibizano ya sekunde 30 na polisi, pamoja na mke wa Bw. Parasiris, Penny, alipokuwa akikimbilia chumbani. Watoto wawili wa Bw. Parasiris, 15 na 7, waliogopa kusikia milio ya risasi nyumbani kwao; mwana mkubwa alikimbia kupiga 9-1-1 na kuelekezwa kukaa mahali. '''Usikilizaji wa dhamana''' Akishtakiwa kwa mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, Parasiris alisimama kwa dhamana mbele ya Hakimu wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya Quebec Jean-Guy Boilard na kuwakilishwa na wakili wa Montreal, Frank Pappas. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, hakimu aliangazia ikiwa Parasiris alikuwa jamii au hatari ya kukimbia. Mashahidi waliotoa ushahidi wa Parasiris walidai kwamba alikuwa mtu mwaminifu na mwenye amani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Heberden, Surg.-Captain George Alfred, (27 April 1860–23 Jan. 1916), Medical Officer, Kimberley Light Horse|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u197729|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Hakimu alipendekeza kuwa hati ambayo polisi waliouwawa nyumbani kwa Parasiris haikuanisha kuingia kwa nguvu au uvamizi wa alfajiri, na ilipaswa kugonga kabla ya kuingia. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, Parasiris alidai kuwa alimrushia bastola yake kwa makusudi Sajenti Daniel Tesser akihisi kuwa ni wizi na kwamba hamtambui Tessier kama afisa wa polisi hadi alipoanguka, kwani neno "Polisi" lilikuwa kwenye nyuma ya vest. Baada ya ushahidi kutoka kwa mashahidi na kutoka kwa Parasiris, Jaji Boilard alifikia uamuzi wa kuruhusu Basil apewe dhamana. Hakuna mshukiwa nchini Canada ambaye alikuwa ameachiliwa kwa dhamana kwa shtaka la mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, kulingana na Pappas. Masharti yake yalijumuisha kufuata amri ya kutotoka nje, kuishi na wazazi wake, na kuwa na dada na binamu wake kutuma bondi ya $100,000. Kulingana na matoleo ya vyombo vya habari wakati wa kupigwa risasi, risasi iliyomjeruhi Penny ilikuwa imetolewa kutoka kwa silaha ya [[polisi]]. Pia, raundi kadhaa zilikuwa zimefukuzwa na [[polisi]] kwenye chumba cha kulala cha watoto. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] 78xzbzcwrbqygn7kptlr7ubvanh24lm 1237940 1237924 2022-08-01T20:51:05Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Basil Parasiris''' (amezaliwa Oktoba 28, 1965) ni mfanyabiashara wa zamani wa eneo la Montreal ambaye aliondolewa mashtaka ya mauaji ya daraja la kwanza katika mauaji ya kupigwa [[risasi]] Machi 2, 2007 ya Sajenti Daniel Tessier, afisa wa polisi wa Laval. '''Utekelezaji wa hati ya utafutaji''' Mnamo Machi 2, 2007, polisi wa Laval walitekeleza hati ya upekuzi katika nyumba ya Basil Parasiris kwenye barabara tulivu ya Brossard kwenye ufuo wa kusini wa Montreal. Hati hiyo, iliyoidhinishwa na haki Gaby Dumas, iliruhusu polisi wa Laval kutumia kuingia kwa nguvu, ambayo ni kumshangaza mtu anayechunguzwa, kutekeleza utafutaji wao wa ushahidi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=the-european-arrest-warrant;hr|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9827-3002|work=Human Rights Documents online|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref>Kwa ujumla, kuingia kwa nguvu hakuruhusiwi kutumika isipokuwa kuna hatari ya mshukiwa kuharibu ushahidi ikiwa ataarifiwa kuwa polisi wako kwenye majengo. Hati hiyo ilitekelezwa kabla ya mapambazuko, wakati timu ya maafisa wa [[polisi]] wa Laval waliokuwa na silaha na waliovalia mavazi ya kawaida walipogonga mlango wa nyumba ya Parasiris na kukimbilia chumbani kwake, ambako yeye na mkewe walikuwa wamelala. Bila kujua kwamba walikuwa maafisa wa polisi wanaotekeleza hati ya upekuzi, Parasiris alidhani kuwa ni uvamizi wa nyumbani. Aliikimbilia bastola yake na kuwapiga risasi wale waliodhaniwa kuwa wavamizi. Risasi ya kwanza iliyofyatuliwa ilimpata Konstebo Daniel Tessier kichwani, na ya pili ikapenya moyo wake. Mshirika wa Tessier, Stéphane Forbes, pia alijeruhiwa na moja ya risasi nne zilizopigwa kutoka kwa bastola ya Parasiris katika majibizano ya sekunde 30 na polisi, pamoja na mke wa Bw. Parasiris, Penny, alipokuwa akikimbilia chumbani. Watoto wawili wa Bw. Parasiris, 15 na 7, waliogopa kusikia milio ya risasi nyumbani kwao; mwana mkubwa alikimbia kupiga 9-1-1 na kuelekezwa kukaa mahali. '''Usikilizaji wa dhamana''' Akishtakiwa kwa mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, Parasiris alisimama kwa dhamana mbele ya Hakimu wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya Quebec Jean-Guy Boilard na kuwakilishwa na wakili wa Montreal, Frank Pappas. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, hakimu aliangazia ikiwa Parasiris alikuwa jamii au hatari ya kukimbia. Mashahidi waliotoa ushahidi wa Parasiris walidai kwamba alikuwa mtu mwaminifu na mwenye amani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Heberden, Surg.-Captain George Alfred, (27 April 1860–23 Jan. 1916), Medical Officer, Kimberley Light Horse|date=2007-12-01|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u197729|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>Hakimu alipendekeza kuwa hati ambayo polisi waliouwawa nyumbani kwa Parasiris haikuanisha kuingia kwa nguvu au uvamizi wa alfajiri, na ilipaswa kugonga kabla ya kuingia. Wakati wa kusikilizwa kwa dhamana, Parasiris alidai kuwa alimrushia bastola yake kwa makusudi Sajenti Daniel Tesser akihisi kuwa ni wizi na kwamba hamtambui Tessier kama afisa wa polisi hadi alipoanguka, kwani neno "Polisi" lilikuwa kwenye nyuma ya vest. Baada ya ushahidi kutoka kwa mashahidi na kutoka kwa Parasiris, Jaji Boilard alifikia uamuzi wa kuruhusu Basil apewe dhamana. Hakuna mshukiwa nchini Canada ambaye alikuwa ameachiliwa kwa dhamana kwa shtaka la mauaji ya kiwango cha kwanza, kulingana na Pappas. Masharti yake yalijumuisha kufuata amri ya kutotoka nje, kuishi na wazazi wake, na kuwa na dada na binamu wake kutuma bondi ya $100,000. Kulingana na matoleo ya vyombo vya habari wakati wa kupigwa risasi, risasi iliyomjeruhi Penny ilikuwa imetolewa kutoka kwa silaha ya [[polisi]]. Pia, raundi kadhaa zilikuwa zimefukuzwa na [[polisi]] kwenye chumba cha kulala cha watoto. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] 0xcdlbzajioheldgm7oz74jodth2hwa Richard Grossman (mwandishi) 0 153797 1237916 2022-08-01T15:27:44Z Adya juma 53516 Anzisha makala wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard L. Grossman''' (Agosti 10, 1943 – Novemba 22, 2011) alijulikana vyema kutokana na kazi yake ya kupinga uhalali wa mamlaka ya mashirika mbalimbali huko nchini marekeni<ref>https://www.thenation.com/article/remembering-richard-grossman/</ref>.Alikuwa ndiye Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa [[Greenpeace]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Reuters|title=AROUND THE WORLD; Greenpeace Says Ships Will Continue Protest|date=1985-10-12|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/12/world/around-the-world-greenpeace-says-ships-will-continue-protest.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> huko [[marekani]], mwanzilishi wa Wanamazingira, na aliyekuwa mkurugenzi mwenza wa Mpango wa Mashirika, [[Sheria]] na [[Demokrasia]] (POCLAD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Program on Corporations, Law & Democracy|url=https://www.poclad.org/|work=www.poclad.org|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref> == Marejeo == == kazi == [[Jamii:Amani]] o13fvtlb5e8gjvkkhr4j3jys49rie9b 1237925 1237916 2022-08-01T18:28:54Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard L. Grossman''' (Agosti 10, 1943 – Novemba 22, 2011) alijulikana vyema kutokana na kazi yake ya kupinga uhalali wa mamlaka ya mashirika mbalimbali huko nchini marekeni<ref>https://www.thenation.com/article/remembering-richard-grossman/</ref>.Alikuwa ndiye Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa [[Greenpeace]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Reuters|title=AROUND THE WORLD; Greenpeace Says Ships Will Continue Protest|date=1985-10-12|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/12/world/around-the-world-greenpeace-says-ships-will-continue-protest.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> huko [[marekani]], mwanzilishi wa Wanamazingira, na aliyekuwa mkurugenzi mwenza wa Mpango wa Mashirika, [[Sheria]] na [[Demokrasia]] (POCLAD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Program on Corporations, Law & Democracy|url=https://www.poclad.org/|work=www.poclad.org|accessdate=2022-08-01}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Amani]] is6y32371ie48tkjf5mv8epeyv2aayb Jamii:Elimu ya Kanada 14 153798 1237917 2022-08-01T15:53:36Z Benix Mby 36425 Nimeongeza jamii wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Education in Canada}} [[Jamii:Kanada|Elimu]] [[Jamii:Elimu nchi kwa nchi|Kanada]] 68tiso3puk6fqrn7022ls8ilx8wte3r Jamii:Elimu ya Urusi 14 153799 1237918 2022-08-01T16:09:07Z Benix Mby 36425 Nimeongeza jamii wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Education in Russia}} [[Jamii:Urusi|Elimu]] [[Jamii:Elimu nchi kwa nchi|Urusi]] 7pv3cmdbms8bmsbrowlog48tjzvwxly Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baggaet 3 153800 1237920 2022-08-01T16:38:20Z MdsShakil 47883 MdsShakil alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baggaet]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ratekreel]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Baggaet|Baggaet]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ratekreel|Ratekreel]]" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ratekreel]] d4x6wnxko316ame2ey8egwmz9h2x97p Kendrick Lamar 0 153801 1237930 2022-08-01T18:37:42Z Benix Mby 36425 Makala kuhusu Kendrick Lamar wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016. <references /> rpdw9zia2yj1td4as54np6tbigqsgew 1237931 1237930 2022-08-01T18:47:12Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} * {{official website}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} {{Portal bar|Biography|California|Music|United States}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamar, Kendrick}} 78yjpu70rm443mzfqkaqm6t6321wnjm 1237933 1237931 2022-08-01T19:49:20Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamar, Kendrick}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ce9ac5f9pxt4tet0zrmbfvyhkc13zx5 1237934 1237933 2022-08-01T19:51:52Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamar, Kendrick}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] en1ca0tnuggbykjj8tvexn6bcvtm9k7 1237959 1237934 2022-08-02T05:57:38Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] ox8iq307nrdzs4pph56ra8qqw09pz1s 1238069 1237959 2022-08-02T08:34:24Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 2zle0n34eh10o4zjd08s89ipra5w2ub 1238085 1238069 2022-08-02T10:05:14Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Viungo vya nje== {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] eu1ajop9c90211hsmr5be6gaezkbw7t 1238086 1238085 2022-08-02T10:07:59Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Tanbihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] top4e7o2su075py45plaqqm0pzb7t0q 1238088 1238086 2022-08-02T10:09:00Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Tanbihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] giewf8opdiw0wwhzbunt9lwmpurq4ou 1238089 1238088 2022-08-02T10:10:18Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Tanbihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 2wcu0hk5yldhbodjsgm02u0ma6xd9r0 1238090 1238089 2022-08-02T10:10:40Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] snesh6obccna482ztxcxnyjc7ufmjuu 1238091 1238090 2022-08-02T10:11:24Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 6oy8uaoik917u5zrknm1q8t59zm4eq3 1238092 1238091 2022-08-02T10:12:15Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] sq75r49jx7qn24vx1nsw59ictjflguf 1238093 1238092 2022-08-02T10:16:41Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] 4pi1o4d51aeyk40kig1sxh91qsj1mc2 1238096 1238093 2022-08-02T10:23:19Z Benix Mby 36425 /* Viungo vya nje */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Billboard Music Awards]], Tuzo 11 za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit Award]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] h1uw77k4ueauwl5ohg89vasbwc4uung 1238098 1238096 2022-08-02T10:32:54Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] 1ge4ygihq95efra6zulwi9dim0i0cd6 1238099 1238098 2022-08-02T10:36:09Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Discografia== {{Main|Discografia ya Kendrick Lamar| Discografia ya Black Hippy}} '''Albums''' * ''[[Section.80]]'' (2011) * ''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City]]'' (2012) * ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015) * ''[[Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)|Damn]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers]]'' (2022) == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] 9rd0xjo7fvdez4v40evhk4wt7oyhza1 1238100 1238099 2022-08-02T10:41:50Z Benix Mby 36425 Diskographia wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Kendrick Lamar| Diskografia ya Black Hippy}} '''Albamu''' * ''[[Section.80]]'' (2011) * ''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City]]'' (2012) * ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015) * ''[[Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)|Damn]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers]]'' (2022) ==Filmografia== === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Jina !Jukumu !Vidokezo |- |2018 |[[Black Panther (film)|''Black Panther'']] |Soundtrack album | |- |TBA |Untitled film<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2022-01-13 |title=Kendrick Lamar, Dave Free & 'South Park' Duo Matt Stone And Trey Parker To Produce Comedy Penned By Vernon Chatman For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/kendrick-lamar-dave-free-matt-stone-trey-parker-to-produce-paramount-comedy-1234912409/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |Producer |Co-production with [[Trey Parker|Parker County]]; distributed by [[Paramount Pictures]] |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Title !scope="col"| Role !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2018 | ''[[Power (TV series)|Power]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Twitter Can't Stop Raving About Kendrick Lamar's Acting Performance on 'Power|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|magazine=Billboard|date=July 30, 2018|publisher=Michael Saponara|access-date=August 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828131246/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|archive-date=August 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | Laces | Episode: "Happy Birthday" |} == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] sxqryncphkgmhnur1k3ib17anyt7e8a 1238101 1238100 2022-08-02T10:44:42Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Kendrick Lamar| Diskografia ya Black Hippy}} '''Albamu''' * ''[[Section.80]]'' (2011) * ''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City]]'' (2012) * ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015) * ''[[Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)|Damn]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers]]'' (2022) ==Filmografia== === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Jina !Jukumu !Maelezo |- |2018 |[[Black Panther (film)|''Black Panther'']] |Soundtrack album | |- |TBA |Untitled film<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2022-01-13 |title=Kendrick Lamar, Dave Free & 'South Park' Duo Matt Stone And Trey Parker To Produce Comedy Penned By Vernon Chatman For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/kendrick-lamar-dave-free-matt-stone-trey-parker-to-produce-paramount-comedy-1234912409/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mtayarishaji |Ametayarisha kwa kushirikiana na [[Trey Parker|Parker County]]; inasambazwa na [[Paramount Pictures]] |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Title !scope="col"| Role !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2018 | ''[[Power (TV series)|Power]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Twitter Can't Stop Raving About Kendrick Lamar's Acting Performance on 'Power|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|magazine=Billboard|date=July 30, 2018|publisher=Michael Saponara|access-date=August 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828131246/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|archive-date=August 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | Laces | Episode: "Happy Birthday" |} == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] k28t6h6cblv05jy9hlj0s6xrwsyer75 1238102 1238101 2022-08-02T10:47:14Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Kendrick Lamar| Diskografia ya Black Hippy}} '''Albamu''' * ''[[Section.80]]'' (2011) * ''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City]]'' (2012) * ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015) * ''[[Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)|Damn]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers]]'' (2022) ==Filmografia== === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Jina !Jukumu !Maelezo |- |2018 |[[Black Panther (film)|''Black Panther'']] |Soundtrack album | |- |TBA |Untitled film<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2022-01-13 |title=Kendrick Lamar, Dave Free & 'South Park' Duo Matt Stone And Trey Parker To Produce Comedy Penned By Vernon Chatman For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/kendrick-lamar-dave-free-matt-stone-trey-parker-to-produce-paramount-comedy-1234912409/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mtayarishaji |Ametayarisha kwa kushirikiana na [[Trey Parker|Parker County]]; inasambazwa na [[Paramount Pictures]] |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !scope="col"| Year !scope="col"| Jina la filamu !scope="col"| Jina alilotumia !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2018 | ''[[Power (TV series)|Power]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Twitter Can't Stop Raving About Kendrick Lamar's Acting Performance on 'Power|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|magazine=Billboard|date=July 30, 2018|publisher=Michael Saponara|access-date=August 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828131246/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|archive-date=August 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | Laces | Episode: "Happy Birthday" |} == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] e9wxkbm6ar4mf7wpz8q3gezjzeae6tu 1238103 1238102 2022-08-02T10:48:54Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendrick Lamar Duckworth''' (amezaliwa [[17 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[rapa]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na [[Mtayarishaji wa Muziki|mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka mjini [[Compton, California]], [[Marekani]]. Mara nyingi anatajwa kuwa mmoja wa marapa wenye ushawishi mkubwa. Kando ya kufanya shughuli za muziki kama msanii wa kujitegemea, Kendrick pia ni mmoja wa wanachama wa kundi la muziki aina ya hip hop maarufu kama [[Black Hippy]] akiwa na wasanii wenzake wa zamani wa lebo ya [[Top Dawg Entertainment]] (TDE) [[Ab-Soul]], [[Jay Rock]], na [[Schoolboy Q]]. Lamar alianza shughuli zake za muziki akiwa kijana chini ya jina la kisanii la K.Dot. Alitoa kanda mseto iliyoitwa Y.H.N.I.C. (Hub City Threat Minor of the Year), ilivuta umakini wa wadau wengi wa muziki na kusababisha kusainiwa kwake na lebo ya TDE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar’s Complete Discography|url=https://teaandweed.com/kendrick-lamar-discography/|work=Tea And Weed|date=2021-02-12|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US|author=Mike}}</ref> Alianza kupata umaarufu zaidi mnamo mwaka wa 2010 baada ya kutoa kanda mseto yake ya nne, ''[[Overly Dedicated]]''. Mwaka uliofuata, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, [[Section.80]], ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake wa "[[HiiiPoWeR]]". Kufikia wakati huo, alikuwa amejikusanyia wafuasi wengi mtandaoni na kushirikiana na marapa kadhaa mashuhuri. Baadaye alipata dili la kujiunga na lebo ya [[Dr. Dre]], [[Aftermath Entertainment]], chini ya uangalizi wa [[Interscope Records]]. Albamu yake ya [[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City|''Good Kid, M.A.A.D City'']] ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012, ilimletea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar: the rise of a good kid rapper in a mad city|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/dec/08/kendrick-lamar-good-kid-maaad-city|work=the Guardian|date=2012-12-08|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya tatu ya ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015), ilijumuisha vipengele vya muziki wa [[funk]], [[Muziki wa soul|soul]], [[jazz]], na maneno yalilenga zaidi maisha ya [[Wamarekani weusi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=‘To Pimp a Butterfly’ remains an important display of the life and struggles of modern-day Black America|url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-03-15/79685/to-pimp-a-butterfly-remains-an-important-display-of-the-life-and-struggles-of-modern-day-black-america/|work=REVOLT|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilikuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kushika nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard 200]] ya Marekani na ilikuwa na mafanikio makubwa sana. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Best Albums of the Decade (2010-19)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/feature/best-albums-of-the-decade-2010s|work=Metacritic|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu yake ya nne, ''[[Damn]]'' (2017), ni albamu ya kwanza isiyo ya [[muziki wa klasiki]] na isiyo ya [[jazz]] kutunukiwa [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Muziki]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Kendrick Lamar wins Pulitzer Prize for music|date=2018-04-17|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43789936|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Pia ilitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza nambari moja kwenye [[Billboard Hot 100]] ya Marekani, "''[[Humble]]''". Wimbo huo pia ulitumika katika filamu ya [[Black Panther (filamu)|Black Panther]] (2018) na mwaka wa 2022, alitoa albamu yake ya tano na ya mwisho akiwa na lebo ya TDE, ''[[Mr. Morale. & the Big Steppers]].'' <ref>{{Citation|last=Sisario|first=Ben|title=Kendrick Lamar Returns With ‘Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers’|date=2022-05-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/13/arts/music/kendrick-lamar-new-album-mr-morale-and-the-big-steppers.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Mr. Morale & The Big Steppers by Kendrick Lamar|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/mr-morale-the-big-steppers/kendrick-lamar|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Lamar amefikisha mauzo ya zaidi ya rekodi milioni 70 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu zake zote zimeidhinishwa kufikia mauzo ya platinamu au zaidi na [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|work=RIAA|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Amepokea sifa nyingi katika sanaa yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo 14 za [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]], Tuzo mbili za [[American Music Awards]], Tuzo sita za [[Tuzo za muziki za Billboard]], Tuzo 11 za [[Tuzo za Muziki za Video za MTV]], Tuzo ya Pulitzer, Tuzo ya [[Brit]], na uteuzi wa [[Tuzo za Akademi]]. Mnamo 2012, [[MTV]] ilimtaja kuwa rapa mkali zaidi kwenye orodha yao ya kila mwaka.<ref>{{Citation|title="Kendrick Lamar Brings Crown To Compton As 'Hottest MC in the Game"|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1703255/hottest-mcs-2013-kendrick-lamar.jhtml|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> [[Time]] ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani mwaka wa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kendrick Lamar|url=https://time.com/collection-post/4301242/kendrick-lamar-2016-time-100/|work=Time|accessdate=2022-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Albamu zake tatu zilijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya [[Rolling Stone]] ya mwaka 2020 ya [[Albamu 500 Bora Zaidi za Muda Wote]]. ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Kendrick Lamar| Diskografia ya Black Hippy}} '''Albamu''' * ''[[Section.80]]'' (2011) * ''[[Good Kid, M.A.A.D City]]'' (2012) * ''[[To Pimp a Butterfly]]'' (2015) * ''[[Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)|Damn]]'' (2017) * ''[[Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers]]'' (2022) ==Filmografia== === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Jina !Jukumu !Maelezo |- |2018 |[[Black Panther (film)|''Black Panther'']] |Soundtrack album | |- |TBA |Untitled film<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2022-01-13 |title=Kendrick Lamar, Dave Free & 'South Park' Duo Matt Stone And Trey Parker To Produce Comedy Penned By Vernon Chatman For Paramount |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/kendrick-lamar-dave-free-matt-stone-trey-parker-to-produce-paramount-comedy-1234912409/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mtayarishaji |Ametayarisha kwa kushirikiana na [[Trey Parker|Parker County]]; inasambazwa na [[Paramount Pictures]] |} === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- !scope="col"| Mwaka !scope="col"| Jina la filamu !scope="col"| Jina alilotumia !scope="col" class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2018 | ''[[Power (TV series)|Power]]''<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Twitter Can't Stop Raving About Kendrick Lamar's Acting Performance on 'Power|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|magazine=Billboard|date=July 30, 2018|publisher=Michael Saponara|access-date=August 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828131246/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8467596/kendrick-lamar-guest-role-power-twitter-reactions|archive-date=August 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | Laces | Episode: "Happy Birthday" |} == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} *{{Discogs artist|Kendrick Lamar|Kendrick Lamar}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{Aftermath Entertainment}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa West Coast]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang]] jnadhahstn6yh86yomparaqfszswxmu David Schutter 0 153802 1237932 2022-08-01T19:43:10Z JamesTZ 55184 6.uoi.ac.tz(JamesTZ) wikitext text/x-wiki David C. Schutter (1940-2005) alikuwa wakili wa utetezi wa [[jinai]] wa Honolulu na mwendesha [[Mashitaka ya Nuremberg|mashitaka]]<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Alijulikana kwa utu wake mkali wa [[mahakama]] na kuhusika katika [[kesi]] za kisheria za kiwango cha juu huko Hawaii katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Schutter alizaliwa na kukulia katika Appleton, Wisconsin, mwana wa [[mfanyabiashara]] aliyefanikiwa wa bima Karl Schuetter na mkewe Pearl Balliet Schuetter<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Alihudhuria [[Shule]] ya Upili ya Appleton, akihudumu katika baraza la wanafunzi na kama [[rais]] wa [[darasa]] la juu. Pia alikuwa mwanariadha bora ambaye alicheza [[mpira]] wa vikapu, wimbo, na besiboli na aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Jimbo la Badger Boys<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Schutter#cite_note-Schuetter-1</ref>. Schutter alihudhuria [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Marquette mnamo 1958 na kuhitimu cum laude chini ya [[miaka]] minne baadaye. Kisha alihudhuria shule ya [[sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin, na kuhitimu katika kiwango cha juu cha [[darasa]] lake <ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>na pia kupata Shahada ya [[Uzamili]] ya Sanaa kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Jimbo]] la Arizona<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 5m2j5p7283jd2z343prl93cwxl2exiy 1237958 1237932 2022-08-02T05:55:28Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David C. Schutter''' (1940-2005) alikuwa wakili wa utetezi wa [[jinai]] wa Honolulu na mwendesha [[Mashitaka ya Nuremberg|mashitaka]]<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Alijulikana kwa utu wake mkali wa [[mahakama]] na kuhusika katika [[kesi]] za kisheria za kiwango cha juu huko Hawaii katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Schutter alizaliwa na kukulia katika Appleton, Wisconsin, mwana wa [[mfanyabiashara]] aliyefanikiwa wa bima Karl Schuetter na mkewe Pearl Balliet Schuetter<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Alihudhuria [[Shule]] ya Upili ya Appleton, akihudumu katika baraza la wanafunzi na kama [[rais]] wa [[darasa]] la juu. Pia alikuwa mwanariadha bora ambaye alicheza [[mpira]] wa vikapu, wimbo, na besiboli na aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Jimbo la Badger Boys<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Schutter#cite_note-Schuetter-1</ref>. Schutter alihudhuria [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Marquette mnamo 1958 na kuhitimu cum laude chini ya [[miaka]] minne baadaye. Kisha alihudhuria shule ya [[sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin, na kuhitimu katika kiwango cha juu cha [[darasa]] lake <ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>na pia kupata Shahada ya [[Uzamili]] ya Sanaa kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Jimbo]] la Arizona<ref>{{Citation|title=David Schutter|date=2022-05-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Schutter&oldid=1090066673|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 6f3i51budtv0g23tpd5qdra8espyou1 Joe Lombardo 0 153803 1237935 2022-08-01T20:00:51Z JamesTZ 55184 7. uoi.ac.tz(JamesTZ) wikitext text/x-wiki Joseph Michael Lombardo (amezaliwa Novemba 8, 1962) ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa [[Amerika]] ambaye anatumika kama sherifu wa 17 wa Clark County, mkuu wa Idara ya [[Polisi]] ya Metropolitan ya Las Vegas , wakala wa pamoja wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa Las Vegas na Clark. Wilaya. Lombardo ameshikilia ofisi hii tangu 2015<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Lombardo hajagombea tena uchaguzi kama Sheriff wa Kaunti ya Clark na badala yake ameteuliwa na [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa [[Nevada]] wa 2022. Aliyekuwa Luteni Gavana wa Nevada Mark Hutchison anahudumu kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki|kampeni]] kwa kampeni ya ugavana wa Lombardo. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 5yz9bscvdg9cnyswzgr0niy2pciacy3 1237948 1237935 2022-08-01T21:19:37Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} {{tafsiri kompyuta}} ''Joseph Michael Lombardo''' (amezaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[1962]]) ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa [[Amerika]] ambaye anatumika kama sherifu wa 17 wa Clark County, mkuu wa Idara ya [[Polisi]] ya Metropolitan ya Las Vegas , wakala wa pamoja wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa Las Vegas na Clark. Wilaya. Lombardo ameshikilia ofisi hii tangu 2015<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Lombardo hajagombea tena uchaguzi kama Sheriff wa Kaunti ya Clark na badala yake ameteuliwa na [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa [[Nevada]] wa 2022. Aliyekuwa Luteni Gavana wa Nevada Mark Hutchison anahudumu kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki|kampeni]] kwa kampeni ya ugavana wa Lombardo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] b1fsiigdsbca0nz7rs8ct8elqgsuthz 1237949 1237948 2022-08-01T21:22:31Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Joseph Michael Lombardo''' (amezaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[1962]]) ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa [[Amerika]] ambaye anatumika kama sherifu wa 17 wa Clark County, mkuu wa Idara ya [[Polisi]] ya Metropolitan ya Las Vegas , wakala wa pamoja wa kutekeleza [[sheria]] wa Las Vegas na Clark. Wilaya. Lombardo ameshikilia ofisi hii tangu 2015<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Joe Lombardo|date=2022-07-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Lombardo&oldid=1101215018|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Lombardo hajagombea tena uchaguzi kama Sheriff wa Kaunti ya Clark na badala yake ameteuliwa na [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa [[Nevada]] wa 2022. Aliyekuwa Luteni Gavana wa Nevada Mark Hutchison anahudumu kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki|kampeni]] kwa kampeni ya ugavana wa Lombardo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] b2sxenkm66asgz6et3yxm8zej2c5hyn Lawrence Schall 0 153804 1237936 2022-08-01T20:33:04Z B'zorp 55235 1. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Lawrence M. "Larry" Schall ni [[rais]] wa kumi na sita na wa sasa wa [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] Kikuu cha Oglethorpe, [[chuo]] cha kibinafsi cha sanaa huria huko Atlanta, Georgia<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Baada ya kupokea J.D. yake, Schall alifanya mazoezi ya [[sheria]] huko Philadelphia kabla ya kurudi katika [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] cha Swarthmore, ambako alifanya kazi kwa miaka kumi na tano<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Kabla ya kuwa [[rais]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] Kikuu cha Oglethorpe, alikuwa makamu wa [[rais]] wa utawala huko Swarthmore<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Mnamo [[Machi]] 2005, alichaguliwa kuwa [[rais]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Oglethorpe; alichukua wadhifa wa [[rais]] mnamo Juni 23, 2005<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Akiwa [[rais]], Schall alikabiliwa na changamoto za [[Kifedan|kifedha]] kwani [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo]] kikuu kilikuwa kikitumia [[Dolar ya Marekani|dola]] [[milioni]] 4 zaidi ya kilivyopokea katika mapato alipochukua urais<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] dpwnyvksywz6ksbymd39ba1ggqjm6nv 1237960 1237936 2022-08-02T05:59:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence M. "Larry" Schall''' ni [[rais]] wa kumi na sita na wa sasa wa [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] Kikuu cha Oglethorpe, [[chuo]] cha kibinafsi cha sanaa huria huko Atlanta, Georgia<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Baada ya kupokea J.D. yake, Schall alifanya mazoezi ya [[sheria]] huko Philadelphia kabla ya kurudi katika [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] cha Swarthmore, ambako alifanya kazi kwa miaka kumi na tano<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Kabla ya kuwa [[rais]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] Kikuu cha Oglethorpe, alikuwa makamu wa [[rais]] wa utawala huko Swarthmore<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Mnamo [[Machi]] 2005, alichaguliwa kuwa [[rais]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Oglethorpe; alichukua wadhifa wa [[rais]] mnamo Juni 23, 2005<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.Akiwa [[rais]], Schall alikabiliwa na changamoto za [[Kifedan|kifedha]] kwani [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo]] kikuu kilikuwa kikitumia [[Dolar ya Marekani|dola]] [[milioni]] 4 zaidi ya kilivyopokea katika mapato alipochukua urais<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence Schall|date=2021-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Schall&oldid=1050074783|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] igchqe1p856gaql1bct6i7djkwyqwkh Thomas Wales 0 153805 1237939 2022-08-01T20:47:13Z B'zorp 55235 2. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Thomas Crane Wales (Juni 23, 1952 - 12 Oktoba 2001) alikuwa mwendesha [[Mashitaka ya Nuremberg|mashtaka]] wa [[shirikisho]] la [[Amerika]] na wakili wa kudhibiti [[bunduki]] ambaye alikuwa mwathirika wa [[mauaji]] ambayo hayajasuluhishwa. Mnamo mwaka wa 2018, wachunguzi wa FBI walitangaza kuwa walishuku kuwa mauaji hayo yalitekelezwa na mtu aliyelipwa. Thomas Wales alizaliwa huko Boston, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mhitimu wa Milton Academy, ambako aliishi na Joseph Patrick Kennedy II, mwana wa Robert F. Kennedy. Wales alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Harvard na [[Shule]] ya Sheria ya Maurice A. Deane, ambapo alihitimu kwa kiwango cha juu zaidi [[mwaka]] wa 1979 na kuhudumu kama Mhariri Mkuu wa Mapitio ya [[Sheria]] ya Hofstra<ref>{{Citation|title=Thomas Wales|date=2022-06-06|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wales&oldid=1091828228|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Thomas Wales|date=2022-06-06|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wales&oldid=1091828228|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] ac8hclxkidbq53n8e25tyy58eif3rdi 1237947 1237939 2022-08-01T21:18:01Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} ''Thomas Crane Wales''' ([[Juni 23]], [[1952]] - [[12 Oktoba]] [[2001]]) alikuwa mwendesha [[mashtaka]] wa [[shirikisho]] la [[Amerika]] na wakili wa kudhibiti [[bunduki]] ambaye alikuwa mwathirika wa [[mauaji]] ambayo hayajasuluhishwa. Mnamo mwaka wa 2018, wachunguzi wa FBI walitangaza kuwa walishuku kuwa mauaji hayo yalitekelezwa na mtu aliyelipwa. Thomas Wales alizaliwa huko Boston, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mhitimu wa Milton Academy, ambako aliishi na Joseph Patrick Kennedy II, mwana wa Robert F. Kennedy. Wales alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Harvard na [[Shule]] ya Sheria ya Maurice A. Deane, ambapo alihitimu kwa kiwango cha juu zaidi [[mwaka]] wa 1979 na kuhudumu kama Mhariri Mkuu wa Mapitio ya [[Sheria]] ya Hofstra<ref>{{Citation|title=Thomas Wales|date=2022-06-06|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wales&oldid=1091828228|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Thomas Wales|date=2022-06-06|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wales&oldid=1091828228|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 42559hkkle862vj54rb3yur1scytazy Erwin v. State 0 153806 1237942 2022-08-01T20:57:58Z B'zorp 55235 3. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Erwin v. State, 29 Ohio St. 186, 199 (1876), ni kesi ya [[jinai]] ambapo mahakama ilikataa wajibu wa kurudi nyuma wakati wa kutumia [[nguvu]] mbaya katika kujilinda<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.: 551  Mahakama iliandika kwamba mtu asiye na dosari " mtu wa kweli" hangerudi nyuma<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Kwa kutumia "[[lugha]] maarufu",<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>: 551  mahakama iliandika: "[[Sheria]], kwa sababu ya huruma kwa maisha ya [[Binadamu|mwanadamu]] na udhaifu wa [[asili]] ya [[mwanadamu]], haitaruhusu kuichukua ili kuepusha kosa tu, au hata kuokoa maisha ambayo shambulio linachochewa; lakini mtu wa kweli ambaye hana hatia. halazimiki kuruka kutoka kwa mshambuliaji, ambaye kwa ujeuri wa mshangao anatafuta kujiua au kumdhuru sana mwilini." == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 7lf3b9bq020f6xmo8aywys31iejiau8 1237945 1237942 2022-08-01T21:06:15Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tafsiri kompyuta}} {{vyanzo}} Erwin v. State, 29 Ohio St. 186, 199 (1876), ni kesi ya [[jinai]] ambapo mahakama ilikataa wajibu wa kurudi nyuma wakati wa kutumia [[nguvu]] mbaya katika kujilinda<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.: 551  Mahakama iliandika kwamba mtu asiye na dosari " mtu wa kweli" hangerudi nyuma<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. Kwa kutumia "[[lugha]] maarufu",<ref>{{Citation|title=Erwin v. State|date=2018-08-18|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_v._State&oldid=855525088|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>: 551  mahakama iliandika: "[[Sheria]], kwa sababu ya huruma kwa maisha ya [[Binadamu|mwanadamu]] na udhaifu wa [[asili]] ya [[mwanadamu]], haitaruhusu kuichukua ili kuepusha kosa tu, au hata kuokoa maisha ambayo shambulio linachochewa; lakini mtu wa kweli ambaye hana hatia. halazimiki kuruka kutoka kwa mshambuliaji, ambaye kwa ujeuri wa mshangao anatafuta kujiua au kumdhuru sana mwilini." == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kujilinda]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 3qzh1esh3djou3w4qkr8z13kfe22jms Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:B'zorp 3 153807 1237946 2022-08-01T21:10:44Z Idd ninga 30188 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~ ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Salamu, nipende kukukumbusha kwamba, vyanzo vinavyotokana na link ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza, haviwezi kutumika kama marejeo katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, mfano ni kama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_v._State , pia hakikisha katika makala zako hakuna tafsiri ya kompyuta itakayotumika na unapoweka jamii, hakikisha jamii hizo zinaendana na makala unayoandika, unaweza kuanza kwa kusoma kwanza maka...' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:10, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Salamu, nipende kukukumbusha kwamba, vyanzo vinavyotokana na link ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza, haviwezi kutumika kama marejeo katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, mfano ni kama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_v._State , pia hakikisha katika makala zako hakuna tafsiri ya kompyuta itakayotumika na unapoweka jamii, hakikisha jamii hizo zinaendana na makala unayoandika, unaweza kuanza kwa kusoma kwanza makala zilizoandikwa tayari, kabla ya kuendelea na kuanzisha makala mpya. Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:10, 1 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 3g38axsge132ckig45ztsh58uxkijta Small Arms Survey 0 153808 1237950 2022-08-01T21:23:03Z B'zorp 55235 4. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Utafiti wa [[Silaha]] Ndogo ni mradi huru wa utafiti unaopatikana katika [[Taasisi]] ya Wahitimu ya Mafunzo ya Kimataifa na Maendeleo huko Geneva, Uswisi. Inatoa taarifa kuhusu vipengele vyote vya silaha ndogo ndogo na unyanyasaji wa kutumia [[silaha]], kama nyenzo kwa serikali, watunga sera, watafiti, na wanaharakati, pamoja na utafiti kuhusu masuala ya [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo. Utafiti huu hufuatilia mipango ya kitaifa na kimataifa (ya kiserikali na isiyo ya kiserikali), na hufanya kama jukwaa na [[nyumba]] ya idhini ya kubadilishana [[habari]]. Pia inasambaza hatua bora za utendaji na mipango inayoshughulikia masuala ya [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo. Jukumu la SAS ni kuangalia masuala yote ya silaha ndogo ndogo na ghasia za kutumia [[silaha]]. Inatoa utafiti na uchanganuzi wa kusaidia [[serikali]] kupunguza matukio ya [[Unyanyasaji wa watoto mtandaoni|unyanyasaji]] wa kutumia silaha na usafirishaji haramu kupitia uchambuzi unaozingatia ushahidi. Wafanyakazi wa mradi huo ni pamoja na wataalamu wa kimataifa katika masomo ya usalama, sayansi ya siasa, [[sheria]], sera za kimataifa za umma, masomo ya maendeleo, uchumi, utatuzi wa [[Mgogoro wa kimazingira|migogoro]] na [[Sosholojia ya elimu|sosholojia]]. Wafanyikazi hufanya kazi kwa karibu na [[mtandao]] wa kimataifa wa watafiti na washirika<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] qxelwastlxz18e3d9imd1xe34oz7a4w 1237951 1237950 2022-08-01T21:26:47Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} {{tafsiri kompyuta}} Utafiti wa [[Silaha]] Ndogo ni mradi huru wa utafiti unaopatikana katika [[Taasisi]] ya Wahitimu ya Mafunzo ya Kimataifa na Maendeleo huko Geneva, Uswisi. Inatoa taarifa kuhusu vipengele vyote vya silaha ndogo ndogo na unyanyasaji wa kutumia [[silaha]], kama nyenzo kwa serikali, watunga sera, watafiti, na wanaharakati, pamoja na utafiti kuhusu masuala ya [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo. Utafiti huu hufuatilia mipango ya kitaifa na kimataifa (ya kiserikali na isiyo ya kiserikali), na hufanya kama jukwaa na [[nyumba]] ya idhini ya kubadilishana [[habari]]. Pia inasambaza hatua bora za utendaji na mipango inayoshughulikia masuala ya [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo. Jukumu la SAS ni kuangalia masuala yote ya silaha ndogo ndogo na ghasia za kutumia [[silaha]]. Inatoa utafiti na uchanganuzi wa kusaidia [[serikali]] kupunguza matukio ya [[Unyanyasaji wa watoto mtandaoni|unyanyasaji]] wa kutumia silaha na usafirishaji haramu kupitia uchambuzi unaozingatia ushahidi. Wafanyakazi wa mradi huo ni pamoja na wataalamu wa kimataifa katika masomo ya usalama, sayansi ya siasa, [[sheria]], sera za kimataifa za umma, masomo ya maendeleo, uchumi, utatuzi wa [[Mgogoro wa kimazingira|migogoro]] na [[Sosholojia ya elimu|sosholojia]]. Wafanyikazi hufanya kazi kwa karibu na [[mtandao]] wa kimataifa wa watafiti na washirika<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>.<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms Survey|date=2021-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_Survey&oldid=1047037966|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-01}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] beav9b490zyrnxjftvfwzd6qmfl54uz Letitia James 0 153809 1237953 2022-08-02T04:14:13Z B'zorp 55235 5. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Letitia Ann "Tish" James (amezaliwa Oktoba 18, 1958) ni wakili wa Marekani, mwanaharakati, na [[mwanasiasa]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia na [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa sasa wa New York, akiwa ameshinda uchaguzi wa 2018 kufanikiwa kuteuliwa kuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu Barbara Underwood. Yeye ni [[Mwafrika]]-[[Mwamerika]] wa kwanza na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo<ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Alizaliwa na kukulia Brooklyn, James alipata digrii yake ya J.D. katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Howard huko [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], D.C., baada ya kuhitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] cha Lehman huko The Bronx. Alifanya kazi kama mtetezi wa umma, kisha wafanyikazi katika Bunge la Jimbo la New York, na baadaye kama Mwanasheria Mkuu Msaidizi wa [[New York (jimbo)|Jimbo la New York]] (Ofisi ya Mkoa ya Brooklyn). James aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Jiji la New York kuanzia 2004 hadi 2013. Aliwakilisha wilaya ya 35, ambayo inajumuisha vitongoji vya Brooklyn vya Clinton Hill, Fort Greene, sehemu za Crown Heights, Prospect Heights, na Bedford-Stuyvesant. James aliongoza Kamati za Maendeleo ya Uchumi na Usafi wa Mazingira, na alihudumu katika kamati zingine kadhaa. Baadaye alikuwa Wakili wa [[Umma]] wa Jiji la New York kutoka 2013 hadi 2018. Kama Wakili wa Umma, akawa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika kuchaguliwa na kushikilia ofisi katika jiji lote katika Jiji la New York<ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. James alikuwa mgombea katika uchaguzi wa ugavana wa 2022 New York. Alitangaza kuwania kiti hicho mnamo Oktoba 29, 2021, na kusimamisha [[Kampeni Sifuri|kampeni]] yake mnamo Desemba 9, 2021, akichagua kugombea tena kama [[mwanasheria]] mkuu badala yake. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] akza4z51wpgi9a6il8f42ag6ebohft1 1237961 1237953 2022-08-02T06:00:51Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letitia Ann "Tish" James''' (amezaliwa Oktoba 18, 1958) ni wakili wa Marekani, mwanaharakati, na [[mwanasiasa]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia na [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa sasa wa New York, akiwa ameshinda uchaguzi wa 2018 kufanikiwa kuteuliwa kuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu Barbara Underwood. Yeye ni [[Mwafrika]]-[[Mwamerika]] wa kwanza na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo<ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Alizaliwa na kukulia Brooklyn, James alipata digrii yake ya J.D. katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Howard huko [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], D.C., baada ya kuhitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu|Chuo]] cha Lehman huko The Bronx. Alifanya kazi kama mtetezi wa umma, kisha wafanyikazi katika Bunge la Jimbo la New York, na baadaye kama Mwanasheria Mkuu Msaidizi wa [[New York (jimbo)|Jimbo la New York]] (Ofisi ya Mkoa ya Brooklyn). James aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Jiji la New York kuanzia 2004 hadi 2013. Aliwakilisha wilaya ya 35, ambayo inajumuisha vitongoji vya Brooklyn vya Clinton Hill, Fort Greene, sehemu za Crown Heights, Prospect Heights, na Bedford-Stuyvesant. James aliongoza Kamati za Maendeleo ya Uchumi na Usafi wa Mazingira, na alihudumu katika kamati zingine kadhaa. Baadaye alikuwa Wakili wa [[Umma]] wa Jiji la New York kutoka 2013 hadi 2018. Kama Wakili wa Umma, akawa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika kuchaguliwa na kushikilia ofisi katika jiji lote katika Jiji la New York<ref>{{Citation|title=Letitia James|date=2022-07-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letitia_James&oldid=1099321518|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. James alikuwa mgombea katika uchaguzi wa ugavana wa 2022 New York. Alitangaza kuwania kiti hicho mnamo Oktoba 29, 2021, na kusimamisha [[Kampeni Sifuri|kampeni]] yake mnamo Desemba 9, 2021, akichagua kugombea tena kama [[mwanasheria]] mkuu badala yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] pr6dyxobtevmvvmezggbmt75r5997fz John Lewis 0 153810 1237954 2022-08-02T04:24:41Z B'zorp 55235 6. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki John Robert Lewis ([[Februari]] 21, 1940 - 17 Julai 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia ambaye alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] kwa wilaya ya bunge ya 5 ya Georgia kuanzia 1987 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2020. Alishiriki katika Nashville ya 1960 ya 1960. sit-in, Freedom Rides, alikuwa rais wa Kamati ya Kuratibu Isiyo na Vurugu ya [[Mwanafunzi|Wanafunzi]] kutoka 1963 hadi 1966, na alikuwa mmoja wa vikundi vya "Big Six" vilivyoandaa maandamano ya 1963 huko Washington. Akitimiza majukumu mengi muhimu katika vuguvugu la haki za kiraia na hatua zake za kukomesha ubaguzi wa rangi uliohalalishwa nchini [[Marekani]], mwaka 1965 Lewis aliongoza maandamano ya kwanza kati ya matatu kutoka Selma hadi Montgomery kuvuka Daraja la Edmund Pettus ambapo, katika tukio lililojulikana kama [[Jumapili]] ya Umwagaji damu, [[askari]] wa [[serikali]] na polisi walimshambulia Lewis na watembea kwa miguu wengine<ref>{{Citation|title=Selma to Montgomery marches|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selma_to_Montgomery_marches&oldid=1101516985|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]], Lewis alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Amerika|AMerika]] mnamo 1986 na alihudumu mihula 17. Wilaya aliyowakilisha ilijumuisha sehemu kubwa ya Atlanta. Kutokana na miaka yake ya utumishi, akawa mkuu wa wajumbe wa bunge la Georgia. Lewis alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa Baraza la Chama cha Kidemokrasia, akihudumu kutoka 1991 kama Naibu Msaidizi Mkuu na kutoka 2003 kama Naibu Mkuu Mwandamizi. Amepokea [[Shahada ya Awali|digrii]] na tuzo nyingi za heshima, pamoja na Medali ya Uhuru ya [[Rais]] mnamo 2011<ref>{{Citation|title=Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=2022-07-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom&oldid=1100819528|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] lgf9pr5tpck7an1rqshgjl58amgygtt 1237965 1237954 2022-08-02T06:05:48Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Robert Lewis''', ([[Februari]] 21, 1940 - 17 Julai 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia ambaye alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] kwa wilaya ya bunge ya 5 ya Georgia kuanzia 1987 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2020. Alishiriki katika Nashville ya 1960 ya 1960. sit-in, Freedom Rides, alikuwa rais wa Kamati ya Kuratibu Isiyo na Vurugu ya [[Mwanafunzi|Wanafunzi]] kutoka 1963 hadi 1966, na alikuwa mmoja wa vikundi vya "Big Six" vilivyoandaa maandamano ya 1963 huko Washington. Akitimiza majukumu mengi muhimu katika vuguvugu la haki za kiraia na hatua zake za kukomesha ubaguzi wa rangi uliohalalishwa nchini [[Marekani]], mwaka 1965 Lewis aliongoza maandamano ya kwanza kati ya matatu kutoka Selma hadi Montgomery kuvuka Daraja la Edmund Pettus ambapo, katika tukio lililojulikana kama [[Jumapili]] ya Umwagaji damu, [[askari]] wa [[serikali]] na polisi walimshambulia Lewis na watembea kwa miguu wengine<ref>{{Citation|title=Selma to Montgomery marches|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selma_to_Montgomery_marches&oldid=1101516985|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]], Lewis alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Amerika|AMerika]] mnamo 1986 na alihudumu mihula 17. Wilaya aliyowakilisha ilijumuisha sehemu kubwa ya Atlanta. Kutokana na miaka yake ya utumishi, akawa mkuu wa wajumbe wa bunge la Georgia. Lewis alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa Baraza la Chama cha Kidemokrasia, akihudumu kutoka 1991 kama Naibu Msaidizi Mkuu na kutoka 2003 kama Naibu Mkuu Mwandamizi. Amepokea [[Shahada ya Awali|digrii]] na tuzo nyingi za heshima, pamoja na Medali ya Uhuru ya [[Rais]] mnamo 2011<ref>{{Citation|title=Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=2022-07-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom&oldid=1100819528|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] iv0xztq8ikd9sxro3325pi1kfmugfbp 1238144 1237965 2022-08-02T11:54:44Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''John Robert Lewis''', ([[Februari 21]] [[1940]] - [[17 Julai]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia ambaye alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] kwa wilaya ya bunge ya 5 ya Georgia kuanzia 1987 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2020. Alishiriki katika Nashville ya 1960 ya 1960. sit-in, Freedom Rides, alikuwa rais wa Kamati ya Kuratibu Isiyo na Vurugu ya [[Mwanafunzi]] kutoka 1963 hadi 1966, na alikuwa mmoja wa vikundi vya "Big Six" vilivyoandaa maandamano ya 1963 huko Washington. Akitimiza majukumu mengi muhimu katika vuguvugu la haki za kiraia na hatua zake za kukomesha ubaguzi wa rangi uliohalalishwa nchini [[Marekani]], mwaka 1965 Lewis aliongoza maandamano ya kwanza kati ya matatu kutoka Selma hadi Montgomery kuvuka Daraja la Edmund Pettus ambapo, katika tukio lililojulikana kama [[Jumapili]] ya Umwagaji damu, [[askari]] wa [[serikali]] na polisi walimshambulia Lewis na watembea kwa miguu wengine<ref>{{Citation|title=Selma to Montgomery marches|date=2022-07-31|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selma_to_Montgomery_marches&oldid=1101516985|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]], Lewis alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Amerika|AMerika]] mnamo 1986 na alihudumu mihula 17. Wilaya aliyowakilisha ilijumuisha sehemu kubwa ya Atlanta. Kutokana na miaka yake ya utumishi, akawa mkuu wa wajumbe wa bunge la Georgia. Lewis alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa Baraza la Chama cha Kidemokrasia, akihudumu kutoka 1991 kama Naibu Msaidizi Mkuu na kutoka 2003 kama Naibu Mkuu Mwandamizi. Amepokea [[Shahada ya Awali|digrii]] na tuzo nyingi za heshima, pamoja na Medali ya Uhuru ya [[Rais]] mnamo 2011<ref>{{Citation|title=Presidential Medal of Freedom|date=2022-07-27|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom&oldid=1100819528|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] m1fkn4f38hhrr5sq0nwuxf6jcgbro3z Terry McAuliffe 0 153811 1237955 2022-08-02T04:36:33Z B'zorp 55235 7. uoi.ac.tz(B'zorp) wikitext text/x-wiki Terence Richard McAuliffe (amezaliwa [[Februari]] 9, 1957) ni mfanyabiashara na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[gavana]] wa 72 wa [[Virginia]] kuanzia 2014 hadi 2018<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alikuwa mwenyekiti mwenza wa kampeni ya Rais Bill Clinton ya kuchaguliwa tena kwa 1996<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>, mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Kidemokrasia kutoka 2001 hadi 2005 na mwenyekiti wa kampeni ya [[Urais wa Marekani|urais]] ya Hillary Clinton ya 2008. McAuliffe hakuwa mgombeaji wa uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2009 wa [[Virginia]]. Katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2013, baada ya kugombea bila kupingwa katika mchujo wa Kidemokrasia, aliwashinda [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] Ken Cuccinelli na Libertarian Robert Sarvis katika uchaguzi mkuu<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Aligombea kwa muhula wa pili usiofuatana kama [[gavana]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2021 lakini akashindwa kwa mteule wa [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] Glenn Youngkin<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Katika muhula wake wote madarakani, McAuliffe aliongoza [[bunge]] linalodhibitiwa na [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] na kutoa idadi ya [[kura]] ya turufu kwa [[gavana]] wa [[Virginia]]. Kwa sababu ya mgawanyiko huu wa upendeleo, hakuweza kufikia malengo yake mengi ya kisheria, kanuni kati yao, upanuzi wa Medicaid, ambao ulipitishwa baadaye na mrithi wa McAuliffe, Ralph Northam. Akiwa gavana, McAuliffe aliangazia sana maendeleo ya kiuchumi na kurejesha [[haki]] za kupiga [[kura]] kwa idadi iliyorekodiwa ya wahalifu walioachiliwa. Aliondoka ofisini akiwa na viwango vya juu vya kuidhinishwa, ingawa hakuwa juu kama watangulizi wake wa karibu. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] l7p51pumbgrtkl5psfsdrioppf1pj0l 1237964 1237955 2022-08-02T06:04:25Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terence Richard McAuliff'''e (amezaliwa [[Februari]] 9, 1957) ni mfanyabiashara na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[gavana]] wa 72 wa [[Virginia]] kuanzia 2014 hadi 2018<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alikuwa mwenyekiti mwenza wa kampeni ya Rais Bill Clinton ya kuchaguliwa tena kwa 1996<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>, mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Kidemokrasia kutoka 2001 hadi 2005 na mwenyekiti wa kampeni ya [[Urais wa Marekani|urais]] ya Hillary Clinton ya 2008. McAuliffe hakuwa mgombeaji wa uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2009 wa [[Virginia]]. Katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2013, baada ya kugombea bila kupingwa katika mchujo wa Kidemokrasia, aliwashinda [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] Ken Cuccinelli na Libertarian Robert Sarvis katika uchaguzi mkuu<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>. Aligombea kwa muhula wa pili usiofuatana kama [[gavana]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa ugavana wa 2021 lakini akashindwa kwa mteule wa [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] Glenn Youngkin<ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Terry McAuliffe|date=2022-06-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terry_McAuliffe&oldid=1093427627|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Katika muhula wake wote madarakani, McAuliffe aliongoza [[bunge]] linalodhibitiwa na [[Chama cha Jamhuri cha Marekani|Republican]] na kutoa idadi ya [[kura]] ya turufu kwa [[gavana]] wa [[Virginia]]. Kwa sababu ya mgawanyiko huu wa upendeleo, hakuweza kufikia malengo yake mengi ya kisheria, kanuni kati yao, upanuzi wa Medicaid, ambao ulipitishwa baadaye na mrithi wa McAuliffe, Ralph Northam. Akiwa gavana, McAuliffe aliangazia sana maendeleo ya kiuchumi na kurejesha [[haki]] za kupiga [[kura]] kwa idadi iliyorekodiwa ya wahalifu walioachiliwa. Aliondoka ofisini akiwa na viwango vya juu vya kuidhinishwa, ingawa hakuwa juu kama watangulizi wake wa karibu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 72tgdrmefewo5h6rw66lhvgtarj4vr7 Fred Guttenberg 0 153812 1237956 2022-08-02T04:53:53Z George0719Paul 52537 Makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Guttenberg''' (amezaliwa 24 [[Desemba|Disemba]], 1965) ni mwanaharakati wa Kimarekani dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]]. [[Binti]] yake mwenye [[umri]] wa miaka 14 '''Jaime Guttenberg'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> aliuawa katika ufyatuaji [[risasi]] katika [[Shule]] ya awali ya Stoneman Douglas mnamo 14 [[Februari]], 2018. Kijana wake, '''Jesse''', ambaye pia ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa shule hiyo, alikimbia kutoka katika mashambulizi na kukutana naye katika [[duka]] la karibu<ref>https://www.marieclaire.com/politics/amp18922594/parkland-shooting-victim-father-fred-jaime-guttenberg-true-story/</ref>. Alijifunza kuhusu [[Mauti|kifo]] cha binti yake kutoka kwa [[rafiki]] ambaye ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa SWAT<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg will not sit down: Florida father demands gun reform|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/11/after-losing-his-daughter-florida-father-demands-gun-reform-im-not-going-away|work=the Guardian|date=2018-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Jessica McBride, wa [[tovuti]] ya Heavy, alimweleza kama "mojawapo ya [[sauti]] kali zaidi za mabadiliko ya [[sheria]] za bunduki kuhusu ufyatuaji risasi."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Siku baada ya mashambulizi ya risasi, Guttenbeg alizungumza kuhusu udhibiti wa bunduki, akisema "Usiniambie hakuna kitu kama ukiukwaji wa matumizi ya bunduki. Ilitokea Parkland"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Fred Guttenberg? Marco Rubio Was Addressed Head-On By A Parkland Victim's Dad|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-was-addressed-head-on-by-a-parkland-victims-dad-8295183|work=Bustle|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Mbele ya ukumbi wa [[jiji]] wa [[CNN]] unaoonyeshwa kitaifa alimkosoa [[Rais]] kwa kutosema kua bunduki ni tatizo katika vikao cha kusikiliza vya Ikulu ya [[Marekani]], akisema "Binti yangu aliwindwa [[wiki]] iliyopita" na "Nimekasirika"<ref>{{Citation|title=Father of victim: My daughter was hunted - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/02/22/fred-guttenberg-father-shooting-victim-bts-ebof.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='I am enraged': Father of Parkland shooting victim blasts the listening session Trump held with mass-shooting survivors|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-parkland-shooting-response-fred-guttenberg-2018-2|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=David Choi}}</ref>. Wakati wa onyesho la ukumbi wa mji wa CNN alikabiliana na Seneta wa [[Florida]] Marco Rubio kwa msimamo wake kuhusu bunduki.<ref>{{Citation|title=Victim's father, Sen. Rubio in heated exchange - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/02/22/gun-town-hall-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-full-exchange.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Father of teen slain in Florida school massacre slams Rubio on gun stances {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/politics/fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-cnntv/index.html|work=CNN|date=2018-02-22|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Josiah Ryan}}</ref> == Marejeo == == Jamii == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 4tb4b37qss3eyol19t2lcgpw54d353z 1237962 1237956 2022-08-02T06:02:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Guttenberg''' (alizaliwa 24 [[Desemba|Disemba]], 1965) ni mwanaharakati wa Kimarekani dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]]. [[Binti]] yake mwenye [[umri]] wa miaka 14 '''Jaime Guttenberg'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> aliuawa katika ufyatuaji [[risasi]] katika [[Shule]] ya awali ya Stoneman Douglas mnamo 14 [[Februari]], 2018. Kijana wake, '''Jesse''', ambaye pia ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa shule hiyo, alikimbia kutoka katika mashambulizi na kukutana naye katika [[duka]] la karibu<ref>https://www.marieclaire.com/politics/amp18922594/parkland-shooting-victim-father-fred-jaime-guttenberg-true-story/</ref>. Alijifunza kuhusu [[Mauti|kifo]] cha binti yake kutoka kwa [[rafiki]] ambaye ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa SWAT<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg will not sit down: Florida father demands gun reform|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/11/after-losing-his-daughter-florida-father-demands-gun-reform-im-not-going-away|work=the Guardian|date=2018-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Jessica McBride, wa [[tovuti]] ya Heavy, alimweleza kama "mojawapo ya [[sauti]] kali zaidi za mabadiliko ya [[sheria]] za bunduki kuhusu ufyatuaji risasi."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Siku baada ya mashambulizi ya risasi, Guttenbeg alizungumza kuhusu udhibiti wa bunduki, akisema "Usiniambie hakuna kitu kama ukiukwaji wa matumizi ya bunduki. Ilitokea Parkland"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Fred Guttenberg? Marco Rubio Was Addressed Head-On By A Parkland Victim's Dad|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-was-addressed-head-on-by-a-parkland-victims-dad-8295183|work=Bustle|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Mbele ya ukumbi wa [[jiji]] wa [[CNN]] unaoonyeshwa kitaifa alimkosoa [[Rais]] kwa kutosema kua bunduki ni tatizo katika vikao cha kusikiliza vya Ikulu ya [[Marekani]], akisema "Binti yangu aliwindwa [[wiki]] iliyopita" na "Nimekasirika"<ref>{{Citation|title=Father of victim: My daughter was hunted - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/02/22/fred-guttenberg-father-shooting-victim-bts-ebof.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='I am enraged': Father of Parkland shooting victim blasts the listening session Trump held with mass-shooting survivors|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-parkland-shooting-response-fred-guttenberg-2018-2|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=David Choi}}</ref>. Wakati wa onyesho la ukumbi wa mji wa CNN alikabiliana na Seneta wa [[Florida]] Marco Rubio kwa msimamo wake kuhusu bunduki.<ref>{{Citation|title=Victim's father, Sen. Rubio in heated exchange - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/02/22/gun-town-hall-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-full-exchange.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Father of teen slain in Florida school massacre slams Rubio on gun stances {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/politics/fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-cnntv/index.html|work=CNN|date=2018-02-22|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Josiah Ryan}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] rz7i1q225xq2ykmxnd4r5n6cr4iwgih 1237963 1237962 2022-08-02T06:03:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Guttenberg''' (alizaliwa 24 [[Desemba|Disemba]], [[1965]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[Kimarekani]] dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa [[bunduki]]. [[Binti]] yake mwenye [[umri]] wa miaka 14 Jaime Guttenberg<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> aliuawa katika ufyatuaji [[risasi]] katika [[Shule]] ya awali ya Stoneman Douglas mnamo 14 [[Februari]], 2018. Kijana wake, Jesse, ambaye pia ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa shule hiyo, alikimbia kutoka katika mashambulizi na kukutana naye katika [[duka]] la karibu<ref>https://www.marieclaire.com/politics/amp18922594/parkland-shooting-victim-father-fred-jaime-guttenberg-true-story/</ref>. Alijifunza kuhusu [[Mauti|kifo]] cha binti yake kutoka kwa [[rafiki]] ambaye ni [[Ofisa|afisa]] wa SWAT<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg will not sit down: Florida father demands gun reform|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/mar/11/after-losing-his-daughter-florida-father-demands-gun-reform-im-not-going-away|work=the Guardian|date=2018-03-11|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Jessica McBride, wa [[tovuti]] ya Heavy, alimweleza kama "mojawapo ya [[sauti]] kali zaidi za mabadiliko ya [[sheria]] za bunduki kuhusu ufyatuaji risasi."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Guttenberg, Jaime’s Father: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know|url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/fred-guttenburg-video-jaime-father-marco-rubio-cnn/|work=Heavy.com|date=2018-02-21|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=Jessica McBride}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Siku baada ya mashambulizi ya risasi, Guttenbeg alizungumza kuhusu udhibiti wa bunduki, akisema "Usiniambie hakuna kitu kama ukiukwaji wa matumizi ya bunduki. Ilitokea Parkland"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Is Fred Guttenberg? Marco Rubio Was Addressed Head-On By A Parkland Victim's Dad|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-was-addressed-head-on-by-a-parkland-victims-dad-8295183|work=Bustle|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>. Mbele ya ukumbi wa [[jiji]] wa [[CNN]] unaoonyeshwa kitaifa alimkosoa [[Rais]] kwa kutosema kua bunduki ni tatizo katika vikao cha kusikiliza vya Ikulu ya [[Marekani]], akisema "Binti yangu aliwindwa [[wiki]] iliyopita" na "Nimekasirika"<ref>{{Citation|title=Father of victim: My daughter was hunted - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/02/22/fred-guttenberg-father-shooting-victim-bts-ebof.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='I am enraged': Father of Parkland shooting victim blasts the listening session Trump held with mass-shooting survivors|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-parkland-shooting-response-fred-guttenberg-2018-2|work=Business Insider|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en-US|author=David Choi}}</ref>. Wakati wa onyesho la ukumbi wa mji wa CNN alikabiliana na Seneta wa [[Florida]] Marco Rubio kwa msimamo wake kuhusu bunduki.<ref>{{Citation|title=Victim's father, Sen. Rubio in heated exchange - CNN Video|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2018/02/22/gun-town-hall-fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-full-exchange.cnn|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Father of teen slain in Florida school massacre slams Rubio on gun stances {{!}} CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/politics/fred-guttenberg-marco-rubio-cnntv/index.html|work=CNN|date=2018-02-22|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Josiah Ryan}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] bwt1si323rokkunc0n6nui80nm67g3m Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Emmanuely Daniely Masaly 3 153813 1237966 2022-08-02T06:12:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:12, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) fafnt1j3jrgtlsah8jb3zgy86si7t4h John Hickenlooper 0 153814 1237967 2022-08-02T06:12:50Z George0719Paul 52537 Makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Wright Hickenlooper''' '''Jr'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 6, 2003 · Page B06|url=http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/201132119/|work=Newspapers.com|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>.(amezaliwa 7 [[Februari]], 1952) ni mwanajiolojia wa [[Marekani]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] aliyehudumu kama seneta mdogo wa Marekani kutoka [[Colorado]] tangu 2021. Mwanachama wa [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia, alihudumu kama [[gavana]] wa 42 wa [[Colorado]] kutoka 2011 hadi 2019 na kama [[meya]] wa 43 wa [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] kutoka 2003 hadi 2011. Ni mzaliwa wa Narberth, [[Pennsylvania]], Hickenlooper ni mhitimu wa [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Wesley. Baada ya taaluma kama mwanajiolojia wa [[petroli]], mnamo 1988 alianzisha [[Kampuni]] ya [[Bia]] ya Wynkoop, moja ya maduka ya kwanza ya [[pombe]] huko U.S. Hickenlooper alichaguliwa kuwa [[meya]] wa 43 wa [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] mnamo 2003, akitumikia [[Muhula|mihula]] miwili. Mnamo 2005, '''TIME''' ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa mameya watano bora wa [[jiji]] kubwa la [[Amerika]]. Baada ya [[gavana]] aliyekua madarakani '''Bill Ritter''' kusema kwamba hatagombea tena [[Rais|urais]], Hickenlooper alitangaza nia yake ya kugombea uteuzi wa [[chama]] cha Democratic mnamo [[Januari]] 2010. Alishinda mchujo ambao haukupingwa na alikabiliana na mgombea mteule wa Chama cha Constitution '''Tom Tancredo''' na mgombea mteule wa Chama cha Republican '''Dan Maes''' katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu. Hickenlooper alishinda kwa 51% ya [[kura]] na alichaguliwa tena mwaka 2014, akimshinda mgombea wa Republican '''Bob Beauprez.''' Akiwa [[gavana]], alianzisha ukaguzi wa nyuma kwa ujumla na kupiga marufuku majarida yenye uwezo wa juu kufuatia tukio la mashambulizi la 2012 la [[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]], [[Colorado]]. Alipanua '''Medicaid''' chini ya masharti ya [[Sheria]] ya Huduma Nafuu, na kupunguza [[nusu]] ya kiwango cha [[Binadamu|watu]] wasio na [[bima]] katika [[jimbo]]. Kwa kuwa hapo awali pia alipinga [[uhalalishaji]] wa [[bangi]], hatua kwa hatua alianza kukazia mkono. Alitafuta uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia kwa [[rais]] wa [[Marekani]] mnamo 2019 lakini akaacha kabla ya mchujo kufanyika. Baadaye aligombea kua [[Senati (Marekani)|Seneta]] wa Marekani, na kushinda uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia na uchaguzi mkuu pia, akimshinda aliyekuwa mgombea wa Republican '''Cory Gardner'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Hickenlooper projected to win Colorado Senate race, a pickup for Democrats|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/29/colorado-senate-election-results.html|work=CNBC|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Jacob Pramuk}}</ref> Akiwa na miaka 68, Hickenlooper alikua seneta [[mzee]] zaidi kuiwakilisha Colorado katika muhula wa kwanza na pia mwanachama pekee wa Quaker wa Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRAIL MIX {{!}} Superlatives pile up in record-shattering 2020 election|url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2020-election/trail-mix-superlatives-pile-up-in-record-shattering-2020-election/article_acf4910a-253d-11eb-9220-f7657fc4904d.html|work=Colorado Politics|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Ernest Luning, Colorado Politics}}</ref> == Marejeo == == Jamii == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] kek9ym0e9i15cs014ulfu4ddmxsxzhm 1237969 1237967 2022-08-02T06:13:41Z George0719Paul 52537 Makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Wright Hickenlooper''' '''Jr'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 6, 2003 · Page B06|url=http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/201132119/|work=Newspapers.com|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref>.(amezaliwa 7 [[Februari]], 1952) ni mwanajiolojia wa [[Marekani]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] aliyehudumu kama seneta mdogo wa Marekani kutoka [[Colorado]] tangu 2021. Mwanachama wa [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia, alihudumu kama [[gavana]] wa 42 wa [[Colorado]] kutoka 2011 hadi 2019 na kama [[meya]] wa 43 wa [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] kutoka 2003 hadi 2011. Ni mzaliwa wa Narberth, [[Pennsylvania]], Hickenlooper ni mhitimu wa [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Wesley. Baada ya taaluma kama mwanajiolojia wa [[petroli]], mnamo 1988 alianzisha [[Kampuni]] ya [[Bia]] ya Wynkoop, moja ya maduka ya kwanza ya [[pombe]] huko U.S. Hickenlooper alichaguliwa kuwa [[meya]] wa 43 wa [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] mnamo 2003, akitumikia [[Muhula|mihula]] miwili. Mnamo 2005, '''TIME''' ilimtaja kuwa mmoja wa mameya watano bora wa [[jiji]] kubwa la [[Amerika]]. Baada ya [[gavana]] aliyekua madarakani '''Bill Ritter''' kusema kwamba hatagombea tena [[Rais|urais]], Hickenlooper alitangaza nia yake ya kugombea uteuzi wa [[chama]] cha Democratic mnamo [[Januari]] 2010. Alishinda mchujo ambao haukupingwa na alikabiliana na mgombea mteule wa Chama cha Constitution '''Tom Tancredo''' na mgombea mteule wa Chama cha Republican '''Dan Maes''' katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu. Hickenlooper alishinda kwa 51% ya [[kura]] na alichaguliwa tena mwaka 2014, akimshinda mgombea wa Republican '''Bob Beauprez.''' Akiwa [[gavana]], alianzisha ukaguzi wa nyuma kwa ujumla na kupiga marufuku majarida yenye uwezo wa juu kufuatia tukio la mashambulizi la 2012 la [[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]], [[Colorado]]. Alipanua '''Medicaid''' chini ya masharti ya [[Sheria]] ya Huduma Nafuu, na kupunguza [[nusu]] ya kiwango cha [[Binadamu|watu]] wasio na [[bima]] katika [[jimbo]]. Kwa kuwa hapo awali pia alipinga [[uhalalishaji]] wa [[bangi]], hatua kwa hatua alianza kukazia mkono. Alitafuta uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia kwa [[rais]] wa [[Marekani]] mnamo 2019 lakini akaacha kabla ya mchujo kufanyika. Baadaye aligombea kua [[Senati (Marekani)|Seneta]] wa Marekani, na kushinda uteuzi wa Kidemokrasia na uchaguzi mkuu pia, akimshinda aliyekuwa mgombea wa Republican '''Cory Gardner'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Hickenlooper projected to win Colorado Senate race, a pickup for Democrats|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/29/colorado-senate-election-results.html|work=CNBC|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Jacob Pramuk}}</ref> Akiwa na miaka 68, Hickenlooper alikua seneta [[mzee]] zaidi kuiwakilisha Colorado katika muhula wa kwanza na pia mwanachama pekee wa Quaker wa Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRAIL MIX {{!}} Superlatives pile up in record-shattering 2020 election|url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2020-election/trail-mix-superlatives-pile-up-in-record-shattering-2020-election/article_acf4910a-253d-11eb-9220-f7657fc4904d.html|work=Colorado Politics|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en|author=Ernest Luning, Colorado Politics}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Udhibiti wa Bunduki Marekani]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] <references /> == Jamii == mbcd5wb9w6sgf6w83serr3cd72b10ex Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aboubacarkhoraa 3 153815 1237976 2022-08-02T06:19:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:19, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) anwiby5iuiunv4gispz5qpxjitquf2j Bariadi (kata) 0 153816 1237995 2022-08-02T06:46:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Bariadi |picha_ya_satelite = Bariadi.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Bariadi katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]]...' wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Bariadi |picha_ya_satelite = Bariadi.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Bariadi katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Kata |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini|Bariadi mjini]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 11,248 |latd=2 |latm=48 |lats=14 |latNS=S |longd=33 |longm=59 |longs=10 |longEW=E |msimbo_posta = 39101 |website = }} [[Picha:Bariadi.jpg|thumb|Bariadi Tanzania]] '''Bariadi''' ni [[kata (eneo)|kata]] kwenye kitovu cha [[Bariadi (mji)|mji wa Bariadi]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[Mkoa wa Simiyu]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''39101''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2018-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805072810/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |archivedate=2018-08-05 }}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ya Bariadi ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,248 waishio humo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-simiyu}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bariadi Mjini]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Simiyu]] c8pdd9efrmb98s27fjlijnmy9b9bcuy Bia ya kenya 0 153817 1237997 2022-08-02T06:47:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bia ya kenya]] hadi [[Bia ya Kenya]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bia ya Kenya]] 6tkmejh6216bmqbmteum1lfngg2rp4s Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician) 0 153818 1238011 2022-08-02T06:54:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)]] hadi [[Brian Fitzpatrick (mwanasiasa wa Marekani)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Brian Fitzpatrick (mwanasiasa wa Marekani)]] 1eh71znj7lcccibb6igy0ziha2i1y8k Bullet (musician) 0 153819 1238015 2022-08-02T06:57:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Bullet (musician)]] hadi [[Bullet (mwanamuziki)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bullet (mwanamuziki)]] g866abnn8ha791t1jheyg0fnxhhucec Eritrea, eritrea, eritrea 0 153820 1238028 2022-08-02T07:10:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Eritrea, eritrea, eritrea]] hadi [[Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea]]: Usahihi wa jina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea]] 20be1j3z9xqy3yfvecfl7vpu9bdfl0m Ethiopia, Be happy 0 153821 1238034 2022-08-02T07:14:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Ethiopia, Be happy]] hadi [[Ethiopia, furahi]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ethiopia, furahi]] bq4pwecyhyvzxdyewr61i4ulz6ew2uq Environmental Philosophy (journal) 0 153822 1238037 2022-08-02T07:15:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Environmental Philosophy (journal)]] hadi [[Environmental Philosophy (jarida)]]: jina la Kiswahili wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Environmental Philosophy (jarida)]] 6nlej9t0ukle6simab0zgxhmfb47hqv Jamii:Waliozaliwa 212 14 153823 1238056 2022-08-02T07:44:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:212]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:212]] o1ux84bhm0pj16jhecssbmdc5oqf1uo Andrew Epstein 0 153824 1238062 2022-08-02T08:21:48Z Billy pixel 55238 Makala mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Epstein ('''Amezaliwa Januari 14, 1996) ni [[mchezaji]] wa wazamani wa kimarekani ndani ya chuo ambae alichezea Chuo cha [[Stanford University]]. Epistein alishinda tuzo za [[NCAA]] mwaka 2016 nafasi ya [[Mchezaji bora wa Mpira wa miguu]] na tuzo ya Defensive MVP program hiyo ilipo shinda [[NCAA 2016]] kitengo cha wachezaji mabingwa wa kiume. Alibobea katika uhandisi wa umeme na alijulikana kwa jitihada zake katika miradi ya makundi.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-epstein-337010106/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mchezaji]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:MCHEZAJI BORA]] 4oesftffi8gpkt3cc32c1x5hocea5ci 1238067 1238062 2022-08-02T08:26:11Z Billy pixel 55238 Jamii wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Epstein ('''Amezaliwa Januari 14, 1996) ni [[mchezaji]] wa wazamani wa kimarekani ndani ya chuo ambae alichezea Chuo cha [[Stanford University]]. Epistein alishinda tuzo za [[NCAA]] mwaka 2016 nafasi ya [[Mchezaji bora wa Mpira wa miguu]] na tuzo ya Defensive MVP program hiyo ilipo shinda [[NCAA 2016]] kitengo cha wachezaji mabingwa wa kiume. Alibobea katika uhandisi wa umeme na alijulikana kwa jitihada zake katika miradi ya makundi.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-epstein-337010106/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mchezaji]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:MCHEZAJI BORA]] <references /> [[Jamii:Amani]] oqkocaj4538ot24tdi2ak45cyogp1tn 1238115 1238067 2022-08-02T11:08:18Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Epstein''' (Amezaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa wazamani wa kimarekani ndani ya chuo ambae alichezea Chuo cha [[Stanford University]]. Epistein alishinda [[tuzo]] za [[NCAA]] mwaka 2016 nafasi ya [[Mchezaji bora wa Mpira wa miguu]] na tuzo ya Defensive MVP program hiyo ilipo shinda [[NCAA 2016]] kitengo cha wachezaji mabingwa wa kiume. Alibobea katika uhandisi wa umeme na alijulikana kwa jitihada zake katika miradi ya makundi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Mchezaji]] nxdpowuhyeunn4h8uzd35vn051mcyhy 1238119 1238115 2022-08-02T11:13:06Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Epstein''' (Amezaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimarekani ndani ya chuo ambae alichezea Chuo cha [[Stanford University]]. Epistein alishinda [[tuzo]] za [[NCAA]] mwaka 2016 nafasi ya [[Mchezaji bora wa Mpira wa miguu]] na tuzo ya Defensive MVP program hiyo ilipo shinda [[NCAA 2016]] kitengo cha wachezaji mabingwa wa kiume. Alibobea katika uhandisi wa umeme na alijulikana kwa jitihada zake katika miradi ya makundi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu waliohai]] qf0ba1ljna9ik0tlbqg9modgwx30rug 1238120 1238119 2022-08-02T11:16:17Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Epstein''' (Amezaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimarekani ndani ya chuo ambae alichezea Chuo cha [[Stanford University]]. Epistein alishinda [[tuzo]] za [[NCAA]] mwaka 2016 nafasi ya [[Mchezaji bora wa Mpira wa miguu]] na tuzo ya Defensive MVP program hiyo ilipo shinda [[NCAA 2016]] kitengo cha wachezaji mabingwa wa kiume. Alibobea katika uhandisi wa umeme na alijulikana kwa jitihada zake katika miradi ya makundi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jmbbxpx2fzmtbusgf51zcjkhf2avdhn Abu Bakari (Mshairi) 0 153825 1238065 2022-08-02T08:23:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abu Bakari (Mshairi)]] hadi [[Abu Bakari (mshairi)]]: urahisi wa kuupata wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abu Bakari (mshairi)]] cwd5rke3v49v7ihqn5s1xx0sj07m6g9 Postenpflicht 0 153826 1238071 2022-08-02T08:45:22Z Skillssisi 55239 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-063, KZ Mauthausen, Erschossener Häftling.jpg|thumb|Mfungwa aliyepigwa risasi na kuuawa]] '''Postenpflicht''' (Kijerumani: "Wajibu wa walinzi") ilikuwa amri ya jumla iliyotolewa kwa walinzi wa SS-[[Totenkopfverbände]] katika kambi za mateso za Nazi kuwaua kwa ufupi wafungwa wasiotii amri. [[Amri]] hiyo iliwataka walinzi kuwapiga [[risasi]] wafungwa waliojihusisha na upinzani au majaribio ya kutoroka, bila onyo; kutofanya hivyo kungesababisha kufukuzwa au kukamatwa. [[Postenpflicht]] awali ilitolewa Oktoba 1, [[1933]], kwa ajili ya walinzi katika kambi ya mateso ya Dachau, lakini baadaye ilipanuliwa kwa kambi nyingine za mateso. == Chimbuko lake la Asili == Kambi ya mateso ya [[Dachau]] ilifunguliwa mnamo Machi 22, [[1933]], karibu na mji wa Dachau, yapata kilomita 16 (10 mi) kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Munich]] katika jimbo la [[Bavaria]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Postenpflicht|date=2022-07-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postenpflicht&oldid=1098464091|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Postenpflicht|date=2022-07-16|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postenpflicht&oldid=1098464091|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Mwanzoni kambi hiyo ilitumia [[polisi]] wa huko Munich kama walinzi, lakini baada ya majuma kadhaa walichukuliwa na SS. Mnamo Aprili 13, [[1933|1933,]] Hilmar Wäckerle, SS-[[Standartenführer,]] akawa kamanda wa kwanza. Wäckerle aliagizwa na [[Heinrich Himmler]], mkuu wa [[polisi]] wa wakati huo wa Munich na [[Obergruppenführer]] wa SS, kuandaa kanuni za nidhamu katika kambi hiyo. Sheria za Wäckerle zilikuwa kali sana, na wafungwa kadhaa walikufa kama matokeo ya moja kwa moja ya adhabu yao. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 7lpvyxju5z00608lknva0md2jru0gev 1238077 1238071 2022-08-02T09:06:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-063, KZ Mauthausen, Erschossener Häftling.jpg|thumb|Mfungwa aliyepigwa risasi na kuuawa]] '''Postenpflicht''' (Kijerumani: "Wajibu wa walinzi") ilikuwa amri ya jumla iliyotolewa kwa walinzi wa SS-[[Totenkopfverbände]] katika kambi za mateso za Nazi kuwaua kwa ufupi wafungwa wasiotii amri. [[Amri]] hiyo iliwataka walinzi kuwapiga [[risasi]] wafungwa waliojihusisha na upinzani au majaribio ya kutoroka, bila onyo; kutofanya hivyo kungesababisha kufukuzwa au kukamatwa. [[Postenpflicht]] awali ilitolewa Oktoba 1, [[1933]], kwa ajili ya walinzi katika kambi ya mateso ya Dachau, lakini baadaye ilipanuliwa kwa kambi nyingine za mateso. == Chimbuko == Kambi ya mateso ya [[Dachau]] ilifunguliwa mnamo Machi 22, [[1933]], karibu na mji wa Dachau, yapata kilomita 16 (10 mi) kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Munich]] katika jimbo la [[Bavaria]]. Mwanzoni kambi hiyo ilitumia [[polisi]] wa huko Munich kama walinzi, lakini baada ya majuma kadhaa walichukuliwa na SS. Mnamo Aprili 13, [[1933|1933,]] Hilmar Wäckerle, SS-[[Standartenführer,]] akawa kamanda wa kwanza. Wäckerle aliagizwa na [[Heinrich Himmler]], mkuu wa [[polisi]] wa wakati huo wa Munich na [[Obergruppenführer]] wa SS, kuandaa kanuni za nidhamu katika kambi hiyo. Sheria za Wäckerle zilikuwa kali sana, na wafungwa kadhaa walikufa kama matokeo ya moja kwa moja ya adhabu yao. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] bp1qkxgoz9niawrte73jqg5arhu5gay Small Arms and Light Weapons 0 153827 1238074 2022-08-02T09:02:15Z Skillssisi 55239 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Misccaparms.jpg|thumb|AKM, H&K G3 na RPG-7s zilipatikana na Wanamaji wa U.S. huko Fallujah]] '''Silaha Ndogo Ndogo na Silaha Nyepesi''' '''(SALW)''' inarejelea katika itifaki za udhibiti wa [[silaha]] kwa aina mbili kuu za silaha zinazobebwa na mtu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms and Light Weapons|date=2022-03-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons&oldid=1075673395|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> "'''Silaha ndogo"''', kwa upana, ni huduma ya mtu binafsi (yaani kwa kubeba na kuendeshwa na askari wa miguu) [[bunduki]] za kinetic. Hizi ni pamoja na: [[bastola]] (revolvers, bastola, derringers, na bastola za mashine), [[muskets/rifled muskets]], [[shotguns]], rifles (bunduki za kushambulia, bunduki za kivita, carbines, bunduki maalum za marksman, bunduki fupi, bunduki za sniper, nk.), mashine ndogo bunduki, silaha za ulinzi wa kibinafsi, silaha za kivita za kikosi, na bunduki nyepesi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Small Arms and Light Weapons|date=2022-03-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons&oldid=1075673395|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Ufafanuzi wa mikataba ya kimataifa ya kisheria == Kulingana na Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kupambana na Dawa za Kulevya na Uhalifu, mfumo wa kimataifa kuhusu [[silaha]] unajumuisha vyombo vitatu: Itifaki ya Silaha za Moto, Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Kuzuia, Kupambana na Kutokomeza Biashara Haramu ya Silaha Ndogo Ndogo na Silaha Nyepesi kwa Wote. Vipengele vyake (Programu ya Utekelezaji, au PoA) na Chombo cha Kimataifa cha Kuwezesha Mataifa Kutambua na Kufuatilia, kwa Wakati Ufaao na Uaminifu, Silaha Ndogo Ndogo Haramu na Silaha Nyepesi (Ala ya Kimataifa ya Kufuatilia, au ITI), ambapo Itifaki ya Silaha pekee ndiyo kisheria. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] l49e2r17vga9syjkyby4o0um75hpwmy 1238078 1238074 2022-08-02T09:07:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Misccaparms.jpg|thumb|AKM, H&K G3 na RPG-7s zilipatikana na Wanamaji wa U.S. huko Fallujah]] '''Silaha Ndogo Ndogo na Silaha Nyepesi''' '''(SALW)''' inarejelea katika itifaki za udhibiti wa [[silaha]] kwa aina mbili kuu za silaha zinazobebwa na mtu. "'''Silaha ndogo"''', kwa upana, ni huduma ya mtu binafsi (yaani kwa kubeba na kuendeshwa na askari wa miguu) [[bunduki]] za kinetic. Hizi ni pamoja na: [[bastola]] (revolvers, bastola, derringers, na bastola za mashine), [[muskets/rifled muskets]], [[shotguns]], rifles (bunduki za kushambulia, bunduki za kivita, carbines, bunduki maalum za marksman, bunduki fupi, bunduki za sniper, nk.), mashine ndogo bunduki, silaha za ulinzi wa kibinafsi, silaha za kivita za kikosi, na bunduki nyepesi. == Ufafanuzi wa mikataba ya kimataifa ya kisheria == Kulingana na Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kupambana na Dawa za Kulevya na Uhalifu, mfumo wa kimataifa kuhusu [[silaha]] unajumuisha vyombo vitatu: Itifaki ya Silaha za Moto, Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Kuzuia, Kupambana na Kutokomeza Biashara Haramu ya Silaha Ndogo Ndogo na Silaha Nyepesi kwa Wote. Vipengele vyake (Programu ya Utekelezaji, au PoA) na Chombo cha Kimataifa cha Kuwezesha Mataifa Kutambua na Kufuatilia, kwa Wakati Ufaao na Uaminifu, Silaha Ndogo Ndogo Haramu na Silaha Nyepesi (Ala ya Kimataifa ya Kufuatilia, au ITI), ambapo Itifaki ya Silaha pekee ndiyo kisheria. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] h1or1i78cmk0wzeocnnh5t1od5e0teg Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Billy pixel 3 153828 1238075 2022-08-02T09:04:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:04, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qmxz34ztisjurm8rel9tnvsqv0096ct Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Skillssisi 3 153829 1238076 2022-08-02T09:05:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}} ~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:05, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) 7obsi44smjsnefj666zxa8c9gxl6och 1238079 1238076 2022-08-02T09:08:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:05, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Zingatia haya hapo juu. Pia usiweke madondoo ya tanbihi ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:08, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) qrbai5qma6qlevoqddi4rq7nepvo8n5 1238134 1238079 2022-08-02T11:31:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:05, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) :Zingatia haya hapo juu. Pia usiweke madondoo ya tanbihi ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:08, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) ::Mbona unaendelea kufanya kinyume? Tena unaweka vichwa vya Kiingereza? Acha nikusimamishe kidogo kwanza. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:31, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) le4epubcohw2ds0rdqfskk4xacgvpbx 2015 Sejong and Hwaseong shootings 0 153830 1238080 2022-08-02T09:13:51Z Skillssisi 55239 mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Risasi za Sejong na Hwaseong''' za [[2015]] zilikuwa matukio mawili tofauti ya ufyatuaji risasi yaliyotokea Korea Kusini tarehe 25 na 27 Februari [[2015]] katika miji ya [[Seronga|Sejong]] na Hwaseong, mtawalia. Baada ya kila [[Risasi|risasi,]] watu wenye silaha walijiua. Matukio yote mawili yalisababisha [[Korea Kusini|Korea]] Kusini kupitishwa mara moja kwa ufuatiliaji wa GPS wa [[Bunduki|bunduki.]] Kwa kuwa matukio machache ya ufyatuaji [[risasi]] nchini Korea Kusini yanadhihirika, yanapata habari za kimataifa; ufyatulianaji wa risasi mbili zisizohusiana ziliripotiwa sana kama vile kupitishwa kwa hatua ya kudhibiti bunduki. == Risasi == Saa 8 asubuhi ya Februari 25 (23:00 GMT Jumanne), huko [[Seronga|Sejong]], mji mkuu wa utawala wa Korea Kusini, mtu mwenye [[bunduki]] aliwapiga risasi na kuwaua watu watatu kwenye duka la bidhaa, kisha akajiua katika eneo jingine. <ref>{{Citation|title=2015 Sejong and Hwaseong shootings|date=2022-07-01|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_Sejong_and_Hwaseong_shootings&oldid=1095882278|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Wahasiriwa watatu walikuwa babake mpenzi wa zamani, kaka, na mpenzi wa sasa.<ref>{{Citation|title=2015 Sejong and Hwaseong shootings|date=2022-07-01|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_Sejong_and_Hwaseong_shootings&oldid=1095882278|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Kuweka [[bunduki]] nyumbani huko [[Korea Kusini]] ni vikwazo; mpiga [[risasi]] aliangalia bunduki mbili kutoka kituo cha [[polisi]] saa mbili kabla. <ref>{{Citation|title=2015 Sejong and Hwaseong shootings|date=2022-07-01|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_Sejong_and_Hwaseong_shootings&oldid=1095882278|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] o6rthhoqm8wig52aomrhz6jj6jlre3s Small arms trade 0 153831 1238081 2022-08-02T09:24:18Z Skillssisi 55239 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biashara ya silaha ndogo ndogo''' (pia inaitwa kuenea kwa silaha ndogo ndogo <ref>{{Citation|title=Small arms trade|date=2022-05-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_arms_trade&oldid=1085975542|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> na soko la [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo) ni masoko ya silaha ndogo ndogo na silaha nyepesi zilizoidhinishwa na zisizo halali (SALW), pamoja na sehemu zao, vifaa na [[Risasi|risasi.]] == Ufafanuzi == Mnamo mwaka wa [[2003]], mashirika mbalimbali ya kimataifa (ikiwa ni pamoja na Amnesty International, Oxfam International, IANSA), na makundi ya nyumbani (k.m. Kikundi Kazi cha Silaha Ndogo Ndogo nchini Marekani) yalijitolea kupunguza [[biashara]] na kuenea kwa silaha ndogo ndogo [[Dunia|duniani]] kote. Walisema kwamba takriban watu 500,000 huuawa kila mwaka kwa kutumia silaha ndogo ndogo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Small arms trade|date=2022-05-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_arms_trade&oldid=1085975542|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Upeo == Aidha, mauzo makubwa ya [[silaha]] ndogo ndogo na [[Marekani]] (M16), iliyokuwa Umoja wa [[Kisovieti]] (AKM), Jamhuri ya Watu wa [[China]] (Aina ya 56), [[Ujerumani]] (H&K G3), Ubelgiji (FN FAL), na Brazili (FN FAL). wakati wa Vita Baridi ilifanyika kibiashara na kusaidia harakati za kiitikadi. [[Silaha]] hizi ndogo zimenusurika kwenye migogoro mingi na nyingi sasa ziko mikononi mwa wafanyabiashara wa silaha au serikali ndogo ambazo huzihamisha kati ya maeneo yenye migogoro inapohitajika. [nukuu inahitajika] == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] azsfivape5yza4ctlrf7euuz3m8tnut Unintended Consequences (novel) 0 153832 1238084 2022-08-02T09:38:20Z Skillssisi 55239 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matokeo Yasiyotarajiwa''' ni riwaya ya [[John Ross]], iliyochapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa [[1996]] na Accurate Press. <ref>{{Citation|title=Unintended Consequences (novel)|date=2022-08-01|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unintended_Consequences_(novel)&oldid=1101664174|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Hadithi hiyo inasimulia historia ya utamaduni wa [[Bunduki|bunduki,]] haki za bunduki, na udhibiti wa bunduki nchini [[Marekani]] kuanzia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1990]]. Ingawa ni kazi ya uwongo, hadithi hiyo ina ukweli wa kihistoria, ikijumuisha watu wa kihistoria ambao wana jukumu ndogo la kusaidia. Mhusika mkuu anajishughulisha sana katika michezo ya ushindani ya [[risasi]], kama vile mwandishi; kwa hivyo ukweli wa kina na tata, takwimu, na maelezo ya mada zinazohusiana na bunduki hupamba simulizi na kuendeleza njama. == Wahusika == [[henry Bowman]] ndiye mhusika mkuu, ingawa hadithi inaanza mwaka wa [[1906]], muda mrefu kabla ya kuzaliwa kwa Bowman mnamo Januari 10, [[1953]]. Hadithi hiyo inasimuliwa hasa kutokana na mtazamo wake akiwa katika miaka ya mapema ya [[Arobaini|arobaini.]] Bowman anakulia katika eneo la [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], Missouri, ambapo hadithi nyingi hufanyika. Yeye ni mwanajiolojia aliyefunzwa, mtaalam wa alama za kibinafsi aliyejifundisha, [[bunduki]], [[risasi]], na mamlaka ya kujilinda, na rubani. Bowman anaishi kwenye ekari ya mashambani karibu na eneo la mji mkuu wa [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis,]] Missouri. Kuna machimbo ya mawe yaliyoachwa kwenye ardhi yake ambayo Bowman hutumia kwa risasi za burudani. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 4yr8zdkjvodrzr6ff8y262o4p3ajnwa Estimated number of civilian guns per capita by country 0 153833 1238087 2022-08-02T10:08:14Z Nunuty 52529 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:World map of civilian gun ownership - 2nd color scheme.svg|thumb|Ramani ya bunduki za kiraia kwa kila watu 100 kulingana na nchi kutoka kwa Utafiti wa Silaha Ndogo 2017]] Hii ni orodha ya nchi kwa '''makadirio ya idadi ya bunduki zinazomilikiwa kibinafsi kwa kila watu''' 100. Utafiti wa Silaha Ndogo 2017<ref>{{Citation|title=Estimated number of civilian guns per capita by country|date=2022-07-30|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estimated_number_of_civilian_guns_per_capita_by_country&oldid=1101415151|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>hutoa makadirio ya jumla ya idadi ya [[bunduki]] zinazomilikiwa na raia katika [[nchi]]. Kisha huhesabu nambari kwa kila watu 100. Idadi hii kwa nchi haionyeshi asilimia ya watu wanaomiliki bunduki. Hii ni kwa sababu watu binafsi wanaweza kumiliki zaidi ya [[bunduki]] moja. Tazama pia: Asilimia ya kaya zilizo na bunduki kulingana na nchi. Inatoa asilimia ya kaya na bunduki. Imegawanywa zaidi na asilimia ya kaya zilizo na bunduki. Pia, kwa asilimia ya watu wazima wanaoishi katika kaya zenye [[Silaha|silaha.]] == Orodha ya nchi kwa makadirio ya idadi ya bunduki kwa kila watu 100 == Nambari zote katika safu kuu ya jedwali hapa chini ni kutoka kwa jedwali la kiambatisho la Utafiti wa Silaha Ndogo [[2017]]. Karatasi ya muhtasari wake inasema: "Nambari zinazotolewa hapa ni pamoja na [[silaha]] zote zilizo mikononi mwa raia, halali na haramu." Jedwali la kiambatisho ambapo nambari zote katika safu kuu zinatoka pia inajumuisha baadhi ya maeneo na maeneo madogo ya kitaifa kama vile [[Ireland]] ya Kaskazini, [[Puerto Rico]], Scotland, n.k. <ref>{{Citation|title=Estimated number of civilian guns per capita by country|date=2022-07-30|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estimated_number_of_civilian_guns_per_capita_by_country&oldid=1101415151|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] gsw8m2a5nwwgvk3dudha5hxmty7gnbr Jamii:Wanachama wa Black Hippy 14 153834 1238094 2022-08-02T10:17:03Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 1238097 1238094 2022-08-02T10:25:28Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki kwa bendi]] e5i4hcnikazjblag97m3i489lrwkx1l Overview of gun laws by nation 0 153835 1238095 2022-08-02T10:17:14Z Nunuty 52529 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheria na sera za bunduk'''i, kwa pamoja hujulikana kama udhibiti wa [[silaha]] au udhibiti wa [[bunduki]], hudhibiti utengenezaji, uuzaji, uhamisho, umiliki, urekebishaji na matumizi ya silaha ndogo ndogo na raia. Sheria za baadhi ya nchi zinaweza kuwapa raia haki ya kushika na kubeba silaha, na kuwa na [[sheria]] huria zaidi ya bunduki kuliko mamlaka jirani. Nchi zinazodhibiti upatikanaji wa bunduki kwa kawaida zitazuia ufikiaji wa aina fulani za bunduki na kisha kuweka mipaka ya baina ya watu ambao wanaweza kupewa leseni ya kupata bunduki hizo. Huenda kukawa na leseni tofauti za uwindaji, risasi za michezo (a.k.a. kulenga shabaha), kujilinda, kukusanya na kubeba mizigo iliyofichwa, na seti tofauti za mahitaji, ruhusa na majukumu. == Msamiati na istilahi == Maneno mengine hutumiwa katika nchi kadhaa katika muktadha wa sheria za bunduki. Hizi ni pamoja na kwa zifuatazo: itatoa: utoaji wa leseni inayohitajika au kibali inategemea tu kukidhi vigezo maalum vilivyowekwa katika sheria; mamlaka inayotoa haina uamuzi katika utoaji wa leseni. inaweza-toa: utoaji wa kibali kinachohitajika au [[leseni]] ni sehemu kwa uamuzi wa mamlaka za mitaa. Mamlaka zingine zinaweza kutoa njia za kiutawala na za kisheria kwa mwombaji kukata rufaa ya kunyimwa kibali, wakati zingine haziwezi kufanya hivyo. hakuna suala: utoaji wa kibali kinachohitajika au leseni hairuhusiwi, isipokuwa katika hali fulani chache sana == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] hfbnllk5iyc5xg62jr2lkb8elq2t6vc Jamii:Wasanii wa PGLang 14 153836 1238104 2022-08-02T10:49:15Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Percent of households with guns by country 0 153837 1238105 2022-08-02T10:49:40Z Nunuty 52529 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Handgun collection.JPG|thumb|Bunduki za kisasa za mikono (kwa mwendo wa saa kutoka juu kushoto) Glock 22 * ​​Glock 21 * Kimber Stainless Raptor II * Dan Wesson Kamanda Classic Bobtail * Smith & Wesson Model 340 * Ruger Blackhawk * Ruger SP101 * SIG Sauer P220 Combat.]] Hii ni '''orodha ya nchi zinazotoa asilimia ya kaya zenye bunduki'''. Imegawanywa zaidi na asilimia ya kaya zilizo na [[Bunduki|bunduki.]] Pia, kwa asilimia ya watu wazima wanaoishi katika kaya zenye silaha. Data ni kutoka [[GunPolicy.org]] ambayo inaandaliwa na Shule ya Matibabu ya [[Sydney]], katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney nchini [[Australia]]. GunPolicy.org huunganisha data hii kutoka vyanzo mbalimbali. Ili kuepuka matatizo ya kukagua data kwa mamia ya nchi kutoka kwa mamia ya vyanzo, jedwali lililo hapa chini linatumia tu data iliyokusanywa na GunPolicy.org.<ref>{{Citation|title=Percent of households with guns by country|date=2022-01-26|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percent_of_households_with_guns_by_country&oldid=1068073366|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> PIA, Kadirio la idadi ya bunduki za kiraia kwa kila mtu kulingana na nchi. Inatoa makadirio ya jumla ya idadi ya [[bunduki]] za kiraia katika nchi. Kisha huhesabu nambari kwa kila watu 100. Idadi hii kwa nchi ilionyesha asilimia ya watu wanaomiliki bunduki. Hii ni kwa sababu watu binafsi wanaweza kumiliki zaidi ya bunduki moja. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Siasa za bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] fd6odki6ikm1bnu1x405ayhpgj7tkve Jamii:Wasanii wa Top Dawg Entertainment 14 153838 1238106 2022-08-02T10:51:19Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Jamii:Wasanii wa Aftermath Entertainment 14 153839 1238107 2022-08-02T10:54:09Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 1238118 1238107 2022-08-02T11:12:54Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki kulingana na lebo]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] t597fn0gq2ywafolox8prp95ztxygry 1238142 1238118 2022-08-02T11:50:44Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki kwa lebo]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] ny8pc79bc0z3g3ooi0uly3oq57qgt9f Marissa Alexander case 0 153840 1238110 2022-08-02T11:00:47Z Jangalah 55204 mpya wikitext text/x-wiki Mnamo Mei [[2012|2012,]] '''Marissa Alexander''' mwenye umri wa miaka 31 alishtakiwa kwa shambulio kali kwa kutumia [[silaha]] mbaya na akapata kifungo cha chini cha miaka 20 jela. Alexander alisema kwamba alifyatua [[risasi]] ya onyo baada ya mumewe kumvamia na kutishia kumuua mnamo Agosti 1, [[2010|2010,]] huko Jacksonville, [[Florida]]. Muda fulani baada ya kuhukumiwa kwake, kesi mpya iliamriwa. Kabla ya kesi mpya kuanza, Alexander aliachiliwa mnamo Januari 27, [[2015|2015,]] chini ya makubaliano ya maombi ambayo yalimaliza kifungo chake hadi miaka mitatu aliyokuwa tayari ametumikia. == Tukio == Alexander alikuwa nyumbani kwa mume wake Rico Gray, wakati Alexander alisema kwamba Gray alitishia kumuua [1] kupitia maandishi kwenye simu ya Alexander. Hapo awali Grey alikuwa amemdhulumu Alexander, na hivyo kumpa sababu ya kuamini kwamba maisha yake yalikuwa hatarini.<ref>{{Citation|title=Marissa Alexander case|date=2022-03-26|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marissa_Alexander_case&oldid=1079296858|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Marissa Alexander case|date=2022-03-26|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marissa_Alexander_case&oldid=1079296858|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Marissa Alexander case|date=2022-03-26|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marissa_Alexander_case&oldid=1079296858|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Marissa Alexander case|date=2022-03-26|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marissa_Alexander_case&oldid=1079296858|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] i1wbyfg3lwk96qdn34sh9t0fvxdtwmz 1238124 1238110 2022-08-02T11:21:18Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marissa Alexander''' mwenye umri wa miaka 31,Mnamo Mei [[2012]] alishtakiwa kwa shambulio kali kwa kutumia [[silaha]] mbaya na akapata kifungo cha chini cha miaka 20 jela. Alexander alisema kwamba alifyatua [[risasi]] ya onyo baada ya mumewe kumvamia na kutishia kumuua mnamo Agosti 1, [[2010]] huko Jacksonville, [[Florida]]. Muda fulani baada ya kuhukumiwa kwake, kesi mpya iliamriwa. Kabla ya kesi mpya kuanza, Alexander aliachiliwa mnamo Januari 27, [[2015]] chini ya makubaliano ya maombi ambayo yalimaliza kifungo chake hadi miaka mitatu aliyokuwa tayari ametumikia. == Tukio == Alexander alikuwa nyumbani kwa mume wake Rico Gray, wakati Alexander alisema kwamba Gray alitishia kumuua kupitia maandishi kwenye simu ya Alexander. Hapo awali Grey alikuwa amemdhulumu Alexander, na hivyo kumpa sababu ya kuamini kwamba maisha yake yalikuwa hatarini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 6foqp85u3prcjx8kbe50wm3g0g18krp 1238126 1238124 2022-08-02T11:22:23Z Idd ninga 30188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Marissa Alexander''' mwenye umri wa miaka 31,Mnamo [[Mei]] [[2012]] alishtakiwa kwa shambulio kali kwa kutumia [[silaha]] mbaya na akapata kifungo cha chini cha miaka 20 jela. Alexander alisema kwamba alifyatua [[risasi]] ya onyo baada ya mumewe kumvamia na kutishia kumuua mnamo Agosti 1, [[2010]] huko Jacksonville, [[Florida]]. Muda fulani baada ya kuhukumiwa kwake, kesi mpya iliamriwa. Kabla ya kesi mpya kuanza, Alexander aliachiliwa mnamo Januari 27, [[2015]] chini ya makubaliano ya maombi ambayo yalimaliza kifungo chake hadi miaka mitatu aliyokuwa tayari ametumikia. == Tukio == Alexander alikuwa nyumbani kwa mume wake Rico Gray, wakati Alexander alisema kwamba Gray alitishia kumuua kupitia maandishi kwenye simu ya Alexander. Hapo awali Grey alikuwa amemdhulumu Alexander, na hivyo kumpa sababu ya kuamini kwamba maisha yake yalikuwa hatarini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 9ld48jj5ub9l1pak049qfdd458icjwx Appalachian School of Law shooting 0 153841 1238117 2022-08-02T11:11:44Z Jangalah 55204 mpya wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shambulio la risasi shuleni''' lililotokea Januari 16, [[2002]], katika Shule ya Sheria ya Appalachian, Shule ya Sheria ya Kibinafsi ya [[Marekani]] iliyoidhinishwa na Chama cha Wanasheria huko [[Grundy]], Virginia, [[Marekani]]. Watu watatu waliuawa na wengine watatu kujeruhiwa wakati [[mwanafunzi]] wa zamani, mhamiaji wa [[Nigeria]] Peter Odighizuwa, mwenye umri wa miaka 43, alipofyatua [[risasi]] shuleni akiwa na bastola. == shambulio la risasi == Mnamo Januari 16, [[2002]], mwanafunzi wa zamani wa [[Nigeria]] Peter Odighizuwa mwenye umri wa miaka 43 aliwasili kwenye chuo cha Appalachian School of Law akiwa na [[bunduki]]. [<ref>{{Citation|title=Appalachian School of Law shooting|date=2022-05-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appalachian_School_of_Law_shooting&oldid=1090314820|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Appalachian School of Law shooting|date=2022-05-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appalachian_School_of_Law_shooting&oldid=1090314820|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Odighizuwa alizungumzia kwanza matatizo yake ya kitaaluma na profesa Dale Rubin, ambapo inaripotiwa kwamba alimwambia Rubin amwombee.<ref>{{Citation|title=Appalachian School of Law shooting|date=2022-05-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appalachian_School_of_Law_shooting&oldid=1090314820|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Odighizuwa alirejea shuleni mwendo wa saa 1 usiku. na kuelekea katika ofisi za [[Dean Anthony Sutin]] na Profesa [[Thomas Blackwell]], ambako alifyatua [[risasi]] kwa bunduki ya .380 ACP nusu-otomatiki. Kulingana na mchunguzi wa maiti za kaunti, kuungua kwa unga kulionyesha kwamba waathiriwa wote walipigwa risasi mahali pasipo na kitu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Appalachian School of Law shooting|date=2022-05-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Appalachian_School_of_Law_shooting&oldid=1090314820|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Pia aliuawa ni mwanafunzi Angela Dales. Wanafunzi watatu walijeruhiwa. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] j38wun1xur50gfcpu6yyvxmqnfed71c Jamii:Wasanii wa Ruff Ryders 14 153842 1238128 2022-08-02T11:24:38Z Benix Mby 36425 Created blank page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 1238130 1238128 2022-08-02T11:25:58Z Benix Mby 36425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki kulingana na lebo]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Interscope Records]] t597fn0gq2ywafolox8prp95ztxygry Chrystul Kizer case 0 153843 1238129 2022-08-02T11:25:27Z Jangalah 55204 MPYA wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chrystul Kizer''' alikamatwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 kwa mauaji ya [[Randall Phillip Volar III]]. Wakati wa kukamatwa kwake, alidai Volar alikuwa mlanguzi wake wa ngono. Mnamo Juni 5, [[2018]], alimpiga [[risasi]] mbili akiwa ameketi kwenye kiti, akachoma nyumba yake, kisha akaiba gari lake.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Kizer alikamatwa na kufungwa katika Kituo cha Kizuizi cha Kaunti ya [[Kenosha]] ili kusubiri kesi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Waendesha mashtaka wa Kaunti ya Kenosha walimshtaki kwa mauaji ya kukusudia ya shahada ya kwanza, matumizi ya [[silaha]] hatari na makosa mengine manne. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chrystul Kizer case - Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrystul_Kizer_case#cite_note-Brooks-BFnews2020-2|work=en.wikipedia.org|accessdate=2022-08-02|language=en}}</ref> Wanadai kuwa mauaji hayo yalitafakariwa kabla. Ikiwa atapatikana na hatia, angekabiliwa na kifungo cha maisha cha lazima gerezani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Chimbuko na matukio == Mkazi wa Kenosha, Wisconsin Chrystul Kizer alikutana na Randall "Randy" Volar III, mwanamume mwenye umri wa miaka 34, kwenye ukurasa wa nyuma alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16. <ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Alichapisha kwenye tovuti baada ya kutumwa na msichana aliyemfahamu, na kusema kwamba alihitaji pesa za chakula na madaftari ya shule. <ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> Alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kuwasiliana naye alipojiunga na tovuti. <ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Aliishi naye na kudai kwamba alimnyanyasa kingono mara kwa mara na nyakati fulani alirekodi unyanyasaji huo kwa zaidi ya mwaka mmoja.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref>Kizer alidai kwamba alianza kumsafirisha kwa kutumia Backpage na kuchukua pesa alizolipwa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Chrystul Kizer case|date=2022-07-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrystul_Kizer_case&oldid=1096875722|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Matumizi ya Bunduki]] [[Jamii:USLW Iringa]] 49qf6ebxq99fmaitteiq22wskqqq7r5 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:John Mainam 3 153844 1238131 2022-08-02T11:26:46Z Idd ninga 30188 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{karibu}}~~~~' wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 2 Agosti 2022 (UTC) p23au1tqvaxgj9jruntpnr8i1rg6gyb Asabea cropper 0 153845 1238140 2022-08-02T11:45:43Z Idd ninga 30188 Idd ninga alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Asabea cropper]] hadi [[Asabea Cropper]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Asabea Cropper]] emdfhxlks8h32e12q00b4fk3oc80d0b