Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Chad 0 2012 1509410 1500429 2026-04-24T13:13:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Chad|jina_asili=جمهورية تشاد ([[Kiarabu]])<br>''République du Tchad'' ([[Kifaransa]])|bendera=Flag of Chad.svg|nembo=Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg|kaulimbiu=<br>''Unité, Travail, Progrès'' (Kifaransa)<br>الاتحاد، العمل، التقدم (Kiarabu)<br>"Umoja, Kazi, Maendeleo"|wimbo=<br>''[[La Tchadienne]]'' (Kifaransa)<br>نشيد تشاد الوطني (Kiarabu)<br>"Wimbo wa Chad"<br>[[File:La_Tchadienne_(instrumental).ogg]]|ramani=Chad_(orthographic_projection).svg|ramani2=Chad political map 1991 (CIA).png|lugha_rasmi=[[Kiarabu]]<br>[[Kifaransa]]|dini=55.1 [[Waislamu]]<br>41.1 [[Wakristo]]<br>2.4 [[Wakanamungu]]<br>1.3 [[Dini asilia za Kiafrika|dini asilia]]<br>0.1 wengine|mji_mkuu=[[N'Djamena]]|latd=12|latm=06|latNS=N|longd=16|longm=02|longEW=E|serikali=[[Serikali ya kiraisi|Jamhuri ya kiraisi]] katika [[udikteta]]|vyeo_viongozi=|eneo_jumla=1 284 000<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Chad|access-date=26 March 2024|year=2023}}</ref>|maji=1.9<ref name="worldfactbook" />|watu_kadirio=18 523 165<ref name="worldfactbook" />|mwaka_kadirio=2023|pato={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 12.596<ref name="IMFWEO.TD">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=628,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 | title = World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Chad)|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | date = 10 Oktoba 2023|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>|mwaka_pato=2023|pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 702<ref name="IMFWEO.TD" />|pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 32.375<ref name="IMFWEO.TD" />|pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 1 806<ref name="IMFWEO.TD" />|maendeleo={{ongezeko}} 0.394<ref name="UNHDR">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf| title = Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]| date = 13 Machi 2024|access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref> - {{duni}}|kiongozi1=[[Mahamat Déby]]|kiongozi2=[[Allamaye Halina]]|cheo_kiongozi1=Rais|cheo_kiongozi2=Waziri Mkuu|mwaka_maendeleo=2022|ukubwa_bendera=120|ukubwa_nembo=85|asilimia_makabila={{ficha|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = Onyesha kabila 19 |26.6 [[Wasara]] |12.9 [[Waarabu]] |8.5 [[Kikanembu|Wakanembu]] |7.2 [[Kimasalit|Wamasalit]] |6.9 [[Watebu]] |4.8 [[Kimasana|Wamasana]] |3.7 [[Kibidiyo|Wabidiyo]] |3.7 [[Wabilala]] |3.0 [[Kimaba (Chad)|Wamaba]] |2.6 [[Wadaju]] |2.5 [[Kimundang|Wamundang]] |2.4 [[Kigabri|Wagabri]] |2.4 [[Wazaghawa]] |2.1 [[Wafulani]] |2.0 [[Watupuri]] |1.6 [[Watama]] |1.4 [[Wakaro]] |1.3 [[Kibagirmi|Wabagirmi]] |1.0 [[Wamasmaje]] |2.6 [[Orodha ya makabila ya Chad|Wachadi wengine]] |0.7 [[Wageni]] |}}|tanbihi_makabilia=<ref name="recensement2009">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.inseed-td.net/index.php/blog-with-right-sidebar/document/send/7-documents-et-publications-demographique/20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22| title = Analyse Thematique des Resultats Definitifs Etat et Structures de la Population|publisher=Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques du Tchad|access-date=3 Mei 2020|archive-date=28 Desemba 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228022216/http://www.inseed-td.net/index.php/blog-with-right-sidebar/document/send/7-documents-et-publications-demographique/20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22|url-status=dead|accessdate=2024-03-27|archivedate=2019-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228022216/http://www.inseed-td.net/index.php/blog-with-right-sidebar/document/send/7-documents-et-publications-demographique/20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22}}</ref>|tanbihi_dini=<ref name="dini">{{Rejea tovuti | title = Religions in Chad &#124; PEW-GRF|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 |access-date=11 Agosti 2022 |archive-date=8 Oktoba 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008065049/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/chad#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} '''Chad''' (jina rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya Chad'''; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: ''Jumhūriyyah Tshad''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Tchad'') ni nchi isiyo na pwani katika [[Afrika ya Kati]]. Inapakana na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Sudan]] mashariki, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kusini, [[Kamerun]] na [[Nigeria]] kusini-magharibi, na [[Niger]] magharibi. Ni nchi kubwa yenye eneo la takriban [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] milioni 1.28, na idadi ya watu takriban milioni 18.5 (2026) katika mikoa 23 ya utawala. Mji wake mkuu na mkubwa zaidi ni [[N'Djamena]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifaransa]], huku lugha zaidi ya 120 za asili zikieleweka miongoni mwa makabila mbalimbali. Nchi hii ina maeneo ya [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]] kaskazini na [[Msitu|misitu]] ya [[savana]] kusini. == Jiografia == Sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake ni [[jangwa]] na [[nchi yabisi]]. Kusini kuna [[kanda]] lenye [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[kitropiki]], lakini [[ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] inayofaa kwa [[kilimo]] ni [[asilimia]] 3 tu za eneo lake lote . Kaskazini kuna [[milima]] ya [[Tibesti]]. Katikati liko [[beseni]] la [[Chad (ziwa)|ziwa Chad]] lililokuwa kati ya ma[[ziwa]] makubwa kabisa duniani lakini limepungua sana, hasa mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 20]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Chad}} Katika [[milenia ya 7 KK]] kulikuwa na watu wengi sana katika beseni hiyo. Katika [[historia]] kabla ya [[ukoloni]] watu wa kaskazini waliwafanyia [[vita]] watu wa kusini na kuteka wafungwa kama [[watumwa]]. Hivyo hadi leo uhusiano kati ya kusini na kaskazini ya nchi ni mgumu. Tangu mwaka 2003 [[petroli]] imekuwa inaongoza kati ya [[bidhaa]] zinazopelekwa nje ya nchi badala ya [[pamba]]. Tangu [[mwaka]] huo [[Mgogoro wa Darfur]] nchini Sudan umevuka mpaka na kuvuruga Chad pia. Ikiwa kati ya nchi zinazoongoza [[duniani]] kwa [[ufukara]] na [[ufisadi]], ilipata shida kupokea [[wakimbizi]] kwa mamia elfu. Ingawa kulikuwa na [[Chama cha kisiasa|vyama vingi vya siasa]] na mapigano ya kisiasa pamoja na majaribio ya [[mapinduzi]], [[mamlaka]] ilibaki imara [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa [[Rais]] Déby na chama chake, Patriotic Salvation Movement, hadi alipouawa mwaka 2021. == Watu == [[File:Ouaddaian girl from Chad.jpg|thumb|right|Msichana wa mkoa wa [[Ouaddaï]].]] Wakazi walikuwa 15,500,000 mwaka [[2018]]. Jinsi ilivyo katika nchi mbalimbali za kanda la [[Sahel]] kuna aina mbili za wakazi ndani yake: * Kaskazini wako hasa watu walioathiriwa sana na [[utamaduni]] wa [[Uislamu]] (55% za wakazi wote<ref name="Pew Muslims">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/| title = Table: Muslim Population by Country|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=16 April 2018}}</ref>, wengi wakiwa [[Wasuni]]<ref name="pew128">{{Rejea tovuti | url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | title = The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity| accessdate=2 June 2014 | date = 9 Agosti 2012| publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life | pages=128–129 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | archive-date=24 October 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all | archivedate=2012-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf }}</ref>). Mifano ni [[Waarabu]] (12.3%), [[Wafulbe]], [[Wahaussa]], [[Wazaghawa]] na wengineo. Wengi wao walikuwa [[wafugaji]] na sehemu ya ma[[kabila]] inaendelea hadi leo [[maisha ya kuhamahama]]. * Kusini wako hasa watu wanaofuata [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Wakatoliki]] wakiwa wengi kidogo kuliko [[Waprotestanti]]<ref name="Pew Christians">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country/| title = Table: Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=16 April 2018|archivedate=2017-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511124911/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country/}}</ref>) au [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] (1%) kama [[Wasara]] (27.7%). Wengi wao hulima. Kwa jumla leo kuna ma[[kabila]] zaidi ya 200 nchini, ambayo hutimia [[lugha]] na [[lahaja]] zaidi ya 100 (angalia [[Orodha ya lugha za Chad|orodha ya lugha]] hizo). [[Asili]] yao ni [[Afrika Mashariki]], [[Afrika ya Kati]], [[Afrika Magharibi]] na [[Afrika Kaskazini]] vilevile<ref>{{Rejea jarida| date = 1 Desemba 2016| title = Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations|url=|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1316–1324|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012|pmid=27889059|issn=0002-9297|last1=Haber|first1=Marc|last2=Mezzavilla|first2=Massimo|last3=Bergström|first3=Anders|last4=Prado-Martinez|first4=Javier|last5=Hallast|first5=Pille|last6=Saif-Ali|first6=Riyadh|last7=Al-Habori|first7=Molham|last8=Dedoussis|first8=George|last9=Zeggini|first9=Eleftheria|last10=Blue-Smith|first10=Jason|last11=Wells|first11=R. Spencer|last12=Xue|first12=Yali|last13=Zalloua|first13=Pierre A.|last14=Tyler-Smith|first14=Chris|pmc=5142112}}</ref>. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifaransa]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Chad]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo mengine== {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{fr icon}} Alphonse, Dokalyo (2003); "[http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article235 Cinéma: un avenir plein d'espoir] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130928053358/http://www.cefod.org/archives/spip.php?article235 |date=2013-09-28 }}}}", {{lang|fr|''Tchad et Culture''}} '''214'''. * "[http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/chad/74122.htm Background Note: Chad]". September 2006. 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ISBN 978-0-520-03914-8 * {{fr icon}} [http://www.deltcd.ec.europa.eu/fr/item2_info_docs/Lettre3_a4x10p.pdf {{lang|fr|Lettre d'information}}] (PDF). {{lang|fr|Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad}}. N. 3. September 2004. * Macedo, Stephen (2006); ''Universal Jurisdiction: National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law''. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1950-3 * {{fr icon}} Malo, Nestor H. (2003); "[http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article236 * Littérature tchadienne : Jeune mais riche] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cefod.org/spip.php?article236 |date=20130530063643 }} ", ''Tchad et Culture'' '''214'''. * Manley, Andrew; "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4809420.stm Chad's vulnerable president]", BBC News, 15 March 2006. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5328462.stm Mirren crowned 'queen' at Venice]", BBC News, 9 September 2006. * {{fr icon}} Ndang, Tabo Symphorien (2005); "[http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf {{lang|fr|A qui Profitent les Dépenses Sociales au Tchad? Une Analyse d'Incidence à Partir des Données d'Enquête}}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} [http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf {{lang|fr|A qui Profitent les Dépenses Sociales au Tchad? Une Analyse d'Incidence à Partir des Données d'Enquête}}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |date=20120512110104 }} {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-07-18 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512110104/http://www.pep-net.org/fileadmin/medias/pdf/files_events/4th_colombo/PMMA/Ndang-pa.pdf }}" (PDF). ''4th PEP Research Network General Meeting''. Poverty and Economic Policy. * {{Rejea kitabu|ref=Nolutshungu|author=[[Sam Nolutshungu|Nolutshungu, Sam C.]]|year=1995| title = Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad|publisher=Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press|isbn=0-8139-1628-3}} * [[Kenneth Pollack|Pollack, Kenneth M.]] (2002); ''Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991''. Lincoln: [[University of Nebraska Press]]. ISBN 0-8032-3733-2 * "[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html Rank Order – Area] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |date=20140209041128 }} ". ''The World Factbook''. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 10 May 2007. * "[http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf Republic of Chad – Public Administration Country Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf |date=20070614080558 }}" (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. November 2004. * {{fr icon}} {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf |title={{lang|fr|République du Tchad – Circonscriptions administratives}} |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703022324/http://www.primature-tchad.org/CIRCONSCRIPTIONS.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-03 }}. [[Government of Chad]]. * Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004);<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html |title="Chad Country Commercial Guide – FY 2005" |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015073734/http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126314e.html |archivedate=2007-10-15 }}. [[United States Department of Commerce]]. </ref> * "[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/D7238E/D7238E03.htm Symposium on the evaluation of fishery resources in the development and management of inland fisheries]". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. [[FAO]]. 29 November – 1 December 1972. * {{fr icon}} "[http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/tchad/contents.html {{lang|fr|Tchad}}]". {{lang|fr|''L'évaluation de l'éducation pour tous à l'an 2000: Rapport des pays''}}. [[UNESCO]], Education for All. * {{fr icon}} "http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/central-africa/chad/French%20translations/Chad%20Back%20towards%20War%20French.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/central-africa/chad/French%20translations/Chad%20Back%20towards%20War%20French.pdf |date=20110905003712 }}" (PDF). [[International Crisis Group]]. 1 June 2006. * Wolfe, Adam; {{Wayback |date=20070105160231 |url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=592&language_id=1 |title="Instability on the March in Sudan, Chad and Central African Republic" }}, PINR, 6 December 2006. * World Bank (14 July 2006). ''[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20994138~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html World Bank, Govt. of Chad Sign Memorandum of Understanding on Poverty Reduction] {{Wayback|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20994138~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html |date=20071012184831 }}''. [[News release|Press release]]. * ''[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision Population Database]''. 2006. United Nations Population Division. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4351076.stm Worst corruption offenders named]", BBC News, 18 November 2005. * Young, Neil (August 2002); ''[http://www.jigsawlounge.co.uk/film/harouninterview.html An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna ("Our Father")]''. {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} ; Vya serikali * {{fr}} [http://www.primature-tchad.org/ Serikali ya Chad] {{Wayback|url=http://www.primature-tchad.org/ |date=20140104014553 }} * {{fr icon}} [http://www.presidencetchad.org/ Official presidency site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.presidencetchad.org/ |date=20110226071159 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/chad.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/chad.html |date=20090727213910 }} ; Vingine * {{CIA World Factbook link|cd|Chad}} * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/tdtoc.html Chad country study] from [[Library of Congress]] * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Chad}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13164686 Chad profile] from the [[BBC News]] * {{wikiatlas|Chad}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=TD Key Development Forecasts for Chad] from [[International Futures]] {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Chad]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kiarabu]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] dcs95haej357k5ogl10zssfw8ghp2j2 Niger 0 2803 1509634 1497680 2026-04-25T11:12:07Z Gayle157 73366 [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Utangulizi]] 1509634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Niger'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Niger |common_name = Niger |image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg |image_map = LocationNiger.png |national_motto = Fraternité, Travail, Progrès <br /><small>(Undugu, Kazi, Maendeleo)</small> |national_anthem = [[La Nigerienne]] |official_languages = [[Kihausa]] |capital = [[Niamey]] |latd=13 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=05 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Niamey]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br />[[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] |area_rank = ya 22 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 1,267,000 |areami²=489,678 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water= 0.02% |population_estimate = 22,442,831 |population_estimate_rank = ya 61 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_census = 17,138,707 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density = 12.1 |population_densitymi² = 31.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 175 |GDP_PPP = $10.2 bilioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 134 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $ 900 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 216 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = imetangazwa |established_dates = kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />[[3 Agosti]] [[1960]] |HDI = 0.281 |HDI_rank = ya 177 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#E0584E">low</font> |currency = [[Franki ya CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = NER |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.ne]] |calling_code = 227 |footnotes = }} [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. ==Jiografia== Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Jaribio la [[mapinduzi]] lilifanyika [[usiku]] wa kuamkia [[Machi 31]], [[2021]], siku chache kabla ya kuapishwa kwa [[Mohamed Bazoum]], [[rais]] mteule. Mnamo [[Aprili 2]], 2021, Mohamed Bazoum aliapishwa na kuchukua [[madaraka]]. ==Watu== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] hb4mfhi7m1qll4x5ar7nbab4xss1fr6 1509635 1509634 2026-04-25T11:12:57Z Gayle157 73366 Position >>>>[[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1509635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Niger'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Niger |common_name = Niger |image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg |image_map = LocationNiger.png |national_motto = Fraternité, Travail, Progrès <br /><small>(Undugu, Kazi, Maendeleo)</small> |national_anthem = [[La Nigerienne]] |official_languages = [[Kihausa]] |capital = [[Niamey]] |latd=13 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=05 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Niamey]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br />[[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] |area_rank = ya 22 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 1,267,000 |areami²=489,678 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water= 0.02% |population_estimate = 22,442,831 |population_estimate_rank = ya 61 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_census = 17,138,707 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density = 12.1 |population_densitymi² = 31.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 175 |GDP_PPP = $10.2 bilioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 134 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $ 900 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 216 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = imetangazwa |established_dates = kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />[[3 Agosti]] [[1960]] |HDI = 0.281 |HDI_rank = ya 177 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#E0584E">low</font> |currency = [[Franki ya CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = NER |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.ne]] |calling_code = 227 |footnotes = }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Jaribio la [[mapinduzi]] lilifanyika [[usiku]] wa kuamkia [[Machi 31]], [[2021]], siku chache kabla ya kuapishwa kwa [[Mohamed Bazoum]], [[rais]] mteule. Mnamo [[Aprili 2]], 2021, Mohamed Bazoum aliapishwa na kuchukua [[madaraka]]. ==Watu== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] kdffj3xust9csc57wzd6wyrwbsueiac 1509641 1509635 2026-04-25T11:22:13Z Gayle157 73366 Added Content [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Utangulizi]] 1509641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Niger'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Niger |common_name = Niger |image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg |image_map = LocationNiger.png |national_motto = Fraternité, Travail, Progrès <br /><small>(Undugu, Kazi, Maendeleo)</small> |national_anthem = [[La Nigerienne]] |official_languages = [[Kihausa]] |capital = [[Niamey]] |latd=13 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=05 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Niamey]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br />[[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] |area_rank = ya 22 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 1,267,000 |areami²=489,678 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water= 0.02% |population_estimate = 22,442,831 |population_estimate_rank = ya 61 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_census = 17,138,707 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density = 12.1 |population_densitymi² = 31.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 175 |GDP_PPP = $10.2 bilioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 134 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $ 900 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 216 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = imetangazwa |established_dates = kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />[[3 Agosti]] [[1960]] |HDI = 0.281 |HDI_rank = ya 177 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#E0584E">low</font> |currency = [[Franki ya CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = NER |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.ne]] |calling_code = 227 |footnotes = }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Jaribio la [[mapinduzi]] lilifanyika [[usiku]] wa kuamkia [[Machi 31]], [[2021]], siku chache kabla ya kuapishwa kwa [[Mohamed Bazoum]], [[rais]] mteule. Mnamo [[Aprili 2]], 2021, Mohamed Bazoum aliapishwa na kuchukua [[madaraka]]. ==Watu== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] n715nf2g8qsoq4474ikdkkoyrjmpbpt 1509644 1509641 2026-04-25T11:25:13Z Gayle157 73366 /* Demografia */[[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1509644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Niger'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Niger |common_name = Niger |image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg |image_map = LocationNiger.png |national_motto = Fraternité, Travail, Progrès <br /><small>(Undugu, Kazi, Maendeleo)</small> |national_anthem = [[La Nigerienne]] |official_languages = [[Kihausa]] |capital = [[Niamey]] |latd=13 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=05 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Niamey]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br />[[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] |area_rank = ya 22 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 1,267,000 |areami²=489,678 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water= 0.02% |population_estimate = 22,442,831 |population_estimate_rank = ya 61 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_census = 17,138,707 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density = 12.1 |population_densitymi² = 31.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 175 |GDP_PPP = $10.2 bilioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 134 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $ 900 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 216 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = imetangazwa |established_dates = kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />[[3 Agosti]] [[1960]] |HDI = 0.281 |HDI_rank = ya 177 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#E0584E">low</font> |currency = [[Franki ya CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = NER |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.ne]] |calling_code = 227 |footnotes = }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Jaribio la [[mapinduzi]] lilifanyika [[usiku]] wa kuamkia [[Machi 31]], [[2021]], siku chache kabla ya kuapishwa kwa [[Mohamed Bazoum]], [[rais]] mteule. Mnamo [[Aprili 2]], 2021, Mohamed Bazoum aliapishwa na kuchukua [[madaraka]]. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 9w6bfz9lsxw3nb8qwi8ijadlkxfmcu4 1509653 1509644 2026-04-25T11:31:47Z Gayle157 73366 /* Historia */[[WP:Mradi wa Nchi#Historia]] 1509653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Infobox country |native_name = ''République du Niger'' |conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Niger |common_name = Niger |image_flag = Flag of Niger.svg |image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg |image_map = LocationNiger.png |national_motto = Fraternité, Travail, Progrès <br /><small>(Undugu, Kazi, Maendeleo)</small> |national_anthem = [[La Nigerienne]] |official_languages = [[Kihausa]] |capital = [[Niamey]] |latd=13 |latm=32 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=05 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[Niamey]] |government_type = [[Jamhuri]] |leader_titles = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Mohamed Bazoum]]<br />[[Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]] |area_rank = ya 22 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 1,267,000 |areami²=489,678 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water= 0.02% |population_estimate = 22,442,831 |population_estimate_rank = ya 61 |population_estimate_year = 2018 |population_census = 17,138,707 |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density = 12.1 |population_densitymi² = 31.2 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = ya 175 |GDP_PPP = $10.2 bilioni |GDP_PPP_rank = ya 134 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $ 900 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 216 |sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] |established_events = imetangazwa |established_dates = kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />[[3 Agosti]] [[1960]] |HDI = 0.281 |HDI_rank = ya 177 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#E0584E">low</font> |currency = [[Franki ya CFA]] |currency_code = XOF |country_code = NER |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.ne]] |calling_code = 227 |footnotes = }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 5n21p0j53fcliq9r54z403utztk38up 1509659 1509653 2026-04-25T11:42:17Z Gayle157 73366 Jedwali>>>>>[[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1509659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Niger | jina_asili = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | bendera = Flag of Niger.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = Niamey | lugha_rasmi = Hausa | lugha2 = {{Collapsible list| * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kifulfulde]] * [[Kizarma]] * [[Kikanuri]] * [[Kituareg]] }} | dini = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Uislamu]] * 0.3% [[Ukristo]] * 0.2% [[Dini za jadi]] * 0.1% [[Wasio na dini]] }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-rais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | kiongozi2 = Salifou Modi | bunge = Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutangazwa kwa jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 18 Desemba 1958 | tukio2 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Agosti 1960 | eneo_jumla = 1,267,000 | watu_kadirio = 26,342,784 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 21 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $61.040 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $2,100 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $21.870 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $751 | hdi = 0.419 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 188 | gini = 32.9 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = +1 | tld = .ne | msimbo_simu = +227 }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] a45xez7uwqe74wn2tycblhvbqipjhjk 1509662 1509659 2026-04-25T11:46:44Z Gayle157 73366 1509662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Niger | jina_asili = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | bendera = Flag of Niger.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = Niamey | lugha_rasmi = Hausa | lugha2 = {{Collapsible list| * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kifulfulde]] * [[Kizarma]] * [[Kikanuri]] * [[Kituareg]] }} | dini = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Uislamu]] * 0.3% [[Ukristo]] * 0.2% [[Dini za jadi]] * 0.1% [[Wasio na dini]] }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-rais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | kiongozi2 = Salifou Modi | bunge = Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutangazwa kwa jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 18 Desemba 1958 | tukio2 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Agosti 1960 | eneo_jumla = 1,267,000 | watu_kadirio = 26,342,784 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 21 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $61.040 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $2,100 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $21.870 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $751 | hdi = 0.419 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 188 | gini = 32.9 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = +1 | tld = .ne | msimbo_simu = +227 }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. == Siasa == Siasa za Niger zimepangwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya nusu-rais, ingawa kwa vitendo mfumo huu mara nyingi umekumbwa na usumbufu kutokana na [[mapinduzi]] ya [[jeshi|kijeshi]] na vipindi vya serikali za mpito. [[Rais]] wa Niger ni mkuu wa nchi, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] ni mkuu wa serikali na husimamia shughuli za kila siku za utawala wa nchi. Chombo cha kutunga sheria ni [[Bunge la Taifa]] la Niger, ambalo ni bunge la chumba kimoja linalochaguliwa kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia shughuli za [[serikali]]. Mfumo wa kisiasa unategemea vyama vingi vya siasa, na uchaguzi hufanyika pale tu utaratibu wa kikatiba unapokuwa umewekwa. Tangu uhuru mwaka 1960, [[historia]] ya kisiasa ya Niger imekuwa na vipindi vinavyobadilishana kati ya utawala wa [[raia|kiraia]] na uingiliaji wa kijeshi. Mapinduzi kadhaa yametokea, yakionesha kutokuwa na utulivu katika utawala na mabadiliko ya madaraka. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[uchaguzi]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] umekuwa ukifanyika mara kwa mara, lakini mwendelezo wa kisiasa umekuwa dhaifu. Marekebisho ya katiba yamefanyika nyakati tofauti ili kubadili mamlaka ya utendaji, taratibu za [[uchaguzi]], na miundo ya [[taasisi]], mara nyingi kufuatia migogoro ya kisiasa au mabadiliko ya uongozi. Masuala ya kisiasa nchini Niger ni pamoja na utulivu wa utawala, changamoto za usalama, [[rushwa]], na maendeleo ya kiuchumi. Nchi inakabiliwa na vitisho vya kiusalama kutoka kwa makundi yenye silaha katika [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]], jambo linaloathiri sera za ndani na ushirikiano wa kimataifa. Niger pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS]] na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], ambayo yana jukumu katika upatanishi, viwango vya utawala, na ushirikiano wa usalama wa kikanda. Hivyo, maisha ya kisiasa nchini humo yanahusiana kwa karibu na uthabiti wa ndani pamoja na mwelekeo mpana wa kikanda katika [[Afrika Magharibi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] qg8c3sef19rkb9kb7ph56h2cbghjnec 1509663 1509662 2026-04-25T11:47:54Z Gayle157 73366 /* Marejeo */Unstub [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1509663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Niger | jina_asili = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | bendera = Flag of Niger.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = Niamey | lugha_rasmi = Hausa | lugha2 = {{Collapsible list| * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kifulfulde]] * [[Kizarma]] * [[Kikanuri]] * [[Kituareg]] }} | dini = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Uislamu]] * 0.3% [[Ukristo]] * 0.2% [[Dini za jadi]] * 0.1% [[Wasio na dini]] }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-rais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | kiongozi2 = Salifou Modi | bunge = Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutangazwa kwa jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 18 Desemba 1958 | tukio2 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Agosti 1960 | eneo_jumla = 1,267,000 | watu_kadirio = 26,342,784 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 21 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $61.040 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $2,100 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $21.870 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $751 | hdi = 0.419 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 188 | gini = 32.9 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = +1 | tld = .ne | msimbo_simu = +227 }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. == Siasa == Siasa za Niger zimepangwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya nusu-rais, ingawa kwa vitendo mfumo huu mara nyingi umekumbwa na usumbufu kutokana na [[mapinduzi]] ya [[jeshi|kijeshi]] na vipindi vya serikali za mpito. [[Rais]] wa Niger ni mkuu wa nchi, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] ni mkuu wa serikali na husimamia shughuli za kila siku za utawala wa nchi. Chombo cha kutunga sheria ni [[Bunge la Taifa]] la Niger, ambalo ni bunge la chumba kimoja linalochaguliwa kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia shughuli za [[serikali]]. Mfumo wa kisiasa unategemea vyama vingi vya siasa, na uchaguzi hufanyika pale tu utaratibu wa kikatiba unapokuwa umewekwa. Tangu uhuru mwaka 1960, [[historia]] ya kisiasa ya Niger imekuwa na vipindi vinavyobadilishana kati ya utawala wa [[raia|kiraia]] na uingiliaji wa kijeshi. Mapinduzi kadhaa yametokea, yakionesha kutokuwa na utulivu katika utawala na mabadiliko ya madaraka. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[uchaguzi]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] umekuwa ukifanyika mara kwa mara, lakini mwendelezo wa kisiasa umekuwa dhaifu. Marekebisho ya katiba yamefanyika nyakati tofauti ili kubadili mamlaka ya utendaji, taratibu za [[uchaguzi]], na miundo ya [[taasisi]], mara nyingi kufuatia migogoro ya kisiasa au mabadiliko ya uongozi. Masuala ya kisiasa nchini Niger ni pamoja na utulivu wa utawala, changamoto za usalama, [[rushwa]], na maendeleo ya kiuchumi. Nchi inakabiliwa na vitisho vya kiusalama kutoka kwa makundi yenye silaha katika [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]], jambo linaloathiri sera za ndani na ushirikiano wa kimataifa. Niger pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS]] na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], ambayo yana jukumu katika upatanishi, viwango vya utawala, na ushirikiano wa usalama wa kikanda. Hivyo, maisha ya kisiasa nchini humo yanahusiana kwa karibu na uthabiti wa ndani pamoja na mwelekeo mpana wa kikanda katika [[Afrika Magharibi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] jei2tr9x14cfwodrqffq0yxjuw6z5ik 1509667 1509663 2026-04-25T11:52:22Z Gayle157 73366 /* Historia */Cited >>>>[[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] 1509667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Niger | jina_asili = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | bendera = Flag of Niger.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = Niamey | lugha_rasmi = Hausa | lugha2 = {{Collapsible list| * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kifulfulde]] * [[Kizarma]] * [[Kikanuri]] * [[Kituareg]] }} | dini = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Uislamu]] * 0.3% [[Ukristo]] * 0.2% [[Dini za jadi]] * 0.1% [[Wasio na dini]] }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-rais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | kiongozi2 = Salifou Modi | bunge = Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutangazwa kwa jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 18 Desemba 1958 | tukio2 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Agosti 1960 | eneo_jumla = 1,267,000 | watu_kadirio = 26,342,784 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 21 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $61.040 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $2,100 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $21.870 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $751 | hdi = 0.419 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 188 | gini = 32.9 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = +1 | tld = .ne | msimbo_simu = +227 }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sahistory.org.za/archive/brief-history-niger-part-2-us-department-state|title=A Brief History of Niger - Part 2 by US Department of State|publisher=US Department of State|website=www.sahistory.org.za|access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. == Siasa == Siasa za Niger zimepangwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya nusu-rais, ingawa kwa vitendo mfumo huu mara nyingi umekumbwa na usumbufu kutokana na [[mapinduzi]] ya [[jeshi|kijeshi]] na vipindi vya serikali za mpito. [[Rais]] wa Niger ni mkuu wa nchi, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] ni mkuu wa serikali na husimamia shughuli za kila siku za utawala wa nchi. Chombo cha kutunga sheria ni [[Bunge la Taifa]] la Niger, ambalo ni bunge la chumba kimoja linalochaguliwa kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia shughuli za [[serikali]]. Mfumo wa kisiasa unategemea vyama vingi vya siasa, na uchaguzi hufanyika pale tu utaratibu wa kikatiba unapokuwa umewekwa. Tangu uhuru mwaka 1960, [[historia]] ya kisiasa ya Niger imekuwa na vipindi vinavyobadilishana kati ya utawala wa [[raia|kiraia]] na uingiliaji wa kijeshi. Mapinduzi kadhaa yametokea, yakionesha kutokuwa na utulivu katika utawala na mabadiliko ya madaraka. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[uchaguzi]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] umekuwa ukifanyika mara kwa mara, lakini mwendelezo wa kisiasa umekuwa dhaifu. Marekebisho ya katiba yamefanyika nyakati tofauti ili kubadili mamlaka ya utendaji, taratibu za [[uchaguzi]], na miundo ya [[taasisi]], mara nyingi kufuatia migogoro ya kisiasa au mabadiliko ya uongozi. Masuala ya kisiasa nchini Niger ni pamoja na utulivu wa utawala, changamoto za usalama, [[rushwa]], na maendeleo ya kiuchumi. Nchi inakabiliwa na vitisho vya kiusalama kutoka kwa makundi yenye silaha katika [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]], jambo linaloathiri sera za ndani na ushirikiano wa kimataifa. Niger pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS]] na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], ambayo yana jukumu katika upatanishi, viwango vya utawala, na ushirikiano wa usalama wa kikanda. Hivyo, maisha ya kisiasa nchini humo yanahusiana kwa karibu na uthabiti wa ndani pamoja na mwelekeo mpana wa kikanda katika [[Afrika Magharibi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 36j1s1tq58ai96cqzycohgmp1w6uc0y 1509672 1509667 2026-04-25T11:54:31Z Gayle157 73366 /* Siasa */Cited 1509672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|maana nyingine|Niger (maana)}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Niger | jina_asili = {{native name|ha|Jamhuriyar Nijar}} | bendera = Flag of Niger.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Niger.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = Niamey | lugha_rasmi = Hausa | lugha2 = {{Collapsible list| * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kifulfulde]] * [[Kizarma]] * [[Kikanuri]] * [[Kituareg]] }} | dini = {{plainlist| * 99.3% [[Uislamu]] * 0.3% [[Ukristo]] * 0.2% [[Dini za jadi]] * 0.1% [[Wasio na dini]] }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-rais chini ya utawala wa kijeshi | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = [[Abdourahamane Tchiani]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | kiongozi2 = Salifou Modi | bunge = Baraza la Taifa la Kulinda Nchi | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru | tukio1 = Kutangazwa kwa jamhuri | tukio1_tarehe = 18 Desemba 1958 | tukio2 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 3 Agosti 1960 | eneo_jumla = 1,267,000 | watu_kadirio = 26,342,784 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 21 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $61.040 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $2,100 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $21.870 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $751 | hdi = 0.419 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 188 | gini = 32.9 | fedha = Faranga ya CFA ya Afrika Magharibi (XOF) | majira_saa = +1 | tld = .ne | msimbo_simu = +227 }} '''Nijer''' ( pia ''Nijeri'' [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Niger'''; kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Niger'') ni [[nchi]] isiyo na bahari katika [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], inayopakana na [[Aljeria]] na [[Libya]] kaskazini, [[Chad]] mashariki, [[Nigeria]] na [[Benin]] kusini, pamoja na [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Mali]] magharibi; kufikia mwaka 2024, ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 27, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye watu wengi katika eneo hilo, na mji mkuu pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Niamey]], huku nchi ikigawanywa katika maeneo ya kiutawala na [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Niger ina sifa ya kuwa na mandhari inayotawaliwa na [[jangwa]], ambapo sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake imefunikwa na [[Jangwa la Sahara]], huku maeneo ya kusini yakiwa sehemu ya [[Sahel|Ukanda wa Sahel]] na ndipo yanapokaliwa na idadi kubwa ya watu. [[Mto Niger]], ambao nchi imepewa jina lake, ndio chanzo kikuu cha maji na unasaidia shughuli za kilimo, uvuvi, na makazi ya watu. Nchi ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[majira ya joto|joto]] na [[ukame]], yenye mvua chache, hali inayochangia changamoto kama ukame, uhaba wa chakula, na uharibifu wa mazingira. Idadi kubwa ya watu wa Niger wanaishi vijijini, wakitegemea [[kilimo]] cha kujikimu na [[ufugaji]]. Uchumi wa Niger ni miongoni mwa uchumi ambao haujaendelea sana duniani na unategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa [[kilimo]] na rasilimali za asili. Madini ya ''Uranium'' ndizo bidhaa kuu za [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo muhimu cha mapato ya serikali, pamoja na mifugo na uzalishaji mdogo wa mazao ya kilimo. Nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto za kimuundo kama [[miundombinu]] duni, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu, na athari za mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Nijeri pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS)]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi (WAEMU), ambayo huathiri sera zake za kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Ng-map.png|thumb|290px|right|thumb|Ramani ya Niger.]] Niger haina [[pwani]] kwenye [[bahari]] yoyote. Ni sehemu ya kanda la [[Sahel]], yaani sehemu kubwa ya nchi ni [[yabisi]], kaskazini mwake ni yabisi sana ikiwa [[jangwa]] la [[Sahara]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini kabisa, karibu na [[Niger (mto)|mto wa Niger]]. ==Historia== Historia ya Niger inaakisi maendeleo mapana ya kihistoria ya [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]] wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], ambapo nafasi yake ya kijiografia ilifanya iwe njia muhimu ya biashara, uhamaji wa watu, na mwingiliano wa tamaduni. Katika nyakati za kale na za kati, eneo hili lilikuwa sehemu ya njia kuu za biashara za kuvuka [[Jangwa la Sahara]] zilizounganisha [[Afrika Kaskazini]] na [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika kusini mwa Sahara]]. Dola zenye nguvu kama [[Dola ya Songhai]] upande wa magharibi na Dola ya Kanem-Bornu upande wa mashariki zilikuwa na ushawishi katika sehemu za Niger ya sasa, zikiwezesha biashara ya dhahabu, chumvi na bidhaa nyingine. Miji kama [[Agadez]] ilikua kuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara na elimu ya [[Kiislamu]], huku makundi ya wahamaji kama [[Tuareg]] na [[Fulani]] yakichangia kuunda maisha ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sahistory.org.za/archive/brief-history-niger-part-2-us-department-state|title=A Brief History of Niger - Part 2 by US Department of State|publisher=US Department of State|website=www.sahistory.org.za|access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], Niger iliingia chini ya udhibiti wa kikoloni wa [[Ufaransa]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi ya Kifaransa]]. Utawala wa kikoloni ulileta mipaka mipya ya kisiasa, mifumo ya kiutawala na miundo ya kiuchumi, mara nyingi ukilenga uchimbaji wa rasilimali na udhibiti badala ya maendeleo ya ndani. Upinzani dhidi ya utawala wa kikoloni ulijitokeza kwa njia mbalimbali, lakini kufikia mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]] mamlaka ya [[Ufaransa]] yalikuwa yamesimikwa kikamilifu. Miundombinu kama barabara na vituo vya utawala vilijengwa, ingawa faida za kiuchumi kwa wananchi wa eneo hilo zilibaki kuwa ndogo. Niger ilipata uhuru wake kutoka [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 3 Agosti 1960, na kuwa [[jamhuri]]. Tangu uhuru, nchi imepitia vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[mapinduzi]] ya kijeshi, serikali za kiraia za muda mfupi, na mabadiliko ya katiba. Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Niger imekabiliwa na changamoto za utawala, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na uasi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya nchi. Licha ya changamoto hizi, inaendelea kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na kimataifa huku ikijaribu kufikia utulivu wa kisiasa na maendeleo. ==Demografia== Wakazi walikuwa zaidi ya [[milioni]] 17 katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]]. Kwa sasa ni 22.4 kutokana na ongezeko la haraka. [[Idadi]] kubwa wako kusini. Kadiri ya [[utafiti]] wa mwaka 2005, [[asilimia]] 8 walikuwa [[watumwa]]. === Kabila=== Mipaka ilichorwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ikiunganisha watu wenye [[utamaduni]] tofautitofauti, kama vile [[Watuareg]] (9.3% za wakazi wote) wa Sahara, [[wahamaji]] [[Wafula]] (8.5%) na [[Wakanuri]] (4.7%) wa eneo la Sahel na [[wakulima]] wa kusini kama [[Wasonghai]] (21%) na [[Wahausa]]: hawa wa mwisho ni 55.4% . Tofauti hizo kubwa zilileta kipindi cha [[ugomvi]] kati ya ma[[kabila]] uliopoa tena baada ya mwaka [[2000]]. [[Tatizo]] kubwa la nchi ni vipindi vya [[ukame]] na [[njaa]] vinavyorudiarudia mara kwa mara. === Lugha === Tangu wakati wa ukoloni, [[lugha rasmi]] ilikuwa [[Kifaransa]]. Lakini kuna [[lugha ya taifa|lugha 10 za taifa]] kati ya lugha kuu za makabila asili. Muhimu zaidi ni [[Kihausa]] na [[Kizarma]]-Sonrai. Mwaka [[2025]] Kihausa kimetangazwa lugha rasmi mpya. ===Dini=== Walio wengi kabisa (99.3%) ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]; baadhi yao wanasemekana kuchanganya Uislamu na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. [[Wakristo]] ni 0.3% tu. Hata hivyo Niger ni [[nchi isiyo na dini]] [[Dini rasmi|rasmi]]. == Siasa == Siasa za Niger zimepangwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya nusu-rais, ingawa kwa vitendo mfumo huu mara nyingi umekumbwa na usumbufu kutokana na [[mapinduzi]] ya [[jeshi|kijeshi]] na vipindi vya serikali za mpito. [[Rais]] wa Niger ni mkuu wa nchi, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] ni mkuu wa serikali na husimamia shughuli za kila siku za utawala wa nchi. Chombo cha kutunga sheria ni [[Bunge la Taifa]] la Niger, ambalo ni bunge la chumba kimoja linalochaguliwa kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha [[bajeti]], na kusimamia shughuli za [[serikali]]. Mfumo wa kisiasa unategemea vyama vingi vya siasa, na uchaguzi hufanyika pale tu utaratibu wa kikatiba unapokuwa umewekwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Niger, Government and Society|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger/Government-and-society|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Tangu uhuru mwaka 1960, [[historia]] ya kisiasa ya Niger imekuwa na vipindi vinavyobadilishana kati ya utawala wa [[raia|kiraia]] na uingiliaji wa kijeshi. Mapinduzi kadhaa yametokea, yakionesha kutokuwa na utulivu katika utawala na mabadiliko ya madaraka. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[uchaguzi]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] umekuwa ukifanyika mara kwa mara, lakini mwendelezo wa kisiasa umekuwa dhaifu. Marekebisho ya katiba yamefanyika nyakati tofauti ili kubadili mamlaka ya utendaji, taratibu za [[uchaguzi]], na miundo ya [[taasisi]], mara nyingi kufuatia migogoro ya kisiasa au mabadiliko ya uongozi. Masuala ya kisiasa nchini Niger ni pamoja na utulivu wa utawala, changamoto za usalama, [[rushwa]], na maendeleo ya kiuchumi. Nchi inakabiliwa na vitisho vya kiusalama kutoka kwa makundi yenye silaha katika [[Sahel|ukanda wa Sahel]], jambo linaloathiri sera za ndani na ushirikiano wa kimataifa. Niger pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ECOWAS]] na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], ambayo yana jukumu katika upatanishi, viwango vya utawala, na ushirikiano wa usalama wa kikanda. Hivyo, maisha ya kisiasa nchini humo yanahusiana kwa karibu na uthabiti wa ndani pamoja na mwelekeo mpana wa kikanda katika [[Afrika Magharibi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Shirikisho la Mataifa ya Sahel]] * [[Orodha ya lugha za Niger]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.presidence.ne/ Rais wa Niger tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} *{{CIA World Factbook link|ng|Niger}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm Niger] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/niger.htm |date=20080607085340 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Niger}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{wikiatlas|Niger}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=NE Key Development Forecasts for Niger] from [[International Futures]] *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NER/Year/2012/Summary 2012 Niger Trade Summary Statistics] {{Commons|Niger}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Sahara]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 4y9hp5p0t4qn5aoaxw5eonjfeiyp07l Kamboja 0 4102 1509576 1497710 2026-04-25T05:58:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = [[Picha:Official name of Cambodia.png]]<br />''Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea'' <br />''Royaume du Cambodge''| conventional_long_name = Ufalme wa Kamboja | common_name = Kamboja | image_flag = Flag of Cambodia.svg | image_coat =Royal arms of Cambodia.svg | symbol_type = Nembo | image_map = LocationCambodia.png | national_motto = [[Picha:Kh-Motto.png|170px]]<br />(Khmer: Taifa, Dini, Mfalme) | national_anthem = [[Nokoreach]] | official_languages = Ki[[Khmer]]<sup>1</sup> | capital = [[Phnom Penh]] |latd=11|latm=33|latNS=N|longd=104|longm=55|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Phnom Penh]] | government_type = [[Ufalme wa Kidemokrasia]]| leader_titles = [[Mfalme wa Kamboja|Mfalme]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] | leader_names = [[Norodom Sihamoni]] <br />[[Hun Manet]] | area_rank = 88th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area = 181,035 | areami² = 69,898 | <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> percent_water = 2.5% | population_estimate = 15,458,332 | population_estimate_year = Julai 2014 | population_estimate_rank = 65th | population_census = 13,388,910 | population_census_year = 2008 | population_density = 81.8 | population_densitymi² = 211.8 | <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> population_density_rank = 118th | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $30,650 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 98th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,000 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 178th | HDI_year = 2004 | HDI = 0.571 | HDI_rank = 130th | HDI_category = <font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru wa Kamboja|Uhuru]]| established_events = Kutangazwa<br />Kutambuliwa | established_dates = Kutoka [[Ufaransa]]<br />1949 <br />1953 | currency = ៛ [[Riel (currency)|Riel]] <sup>2</sup> | <!-- what's the ? for Answer: it's not a "?" if you have Khmer Unicode Fonts installed, it's the currency symbol for the Khmer Riel--> currency_code = KHR | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = +7 | cctld = [[.kh]] | calling_code = 855 | footnotes = <sup>1</sup>&nbsp;[[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiingereza]] hueleweka na wasomi tu.<br /><sup>2</sup>Lakini pesa za Marekani hutumiwa sana. }} '''Kamboja''' au '''Kampuchia''' ni [[ufalme]] katika [[bara]] la [[Asia]] upande wa [[Kusini]]-[[Mashariki]], katika [[rasi]] ya [[Indochina]]. Inapakana na nchi za [[Thailand]], [[Laos]] na [[Vietnam]]. ==Watu== Wakazi wengi (90%) ni [[Wakhmer]]. 5% ni [[Vietnam|Wavietnam]], 1% ni [[Wachina]] na 4% ma[[kabila]] mbalimbali. Kuna [[orodha ya lugha za Kamboja|lugha 22]] ambazo huzungumzwa nchini Kamboja. [[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kikhmer]]. Upande wa [[dini]], 96.4% ni [[Wabuddha]], [[madhehebu]] ya [[Theravada]]. 2.1% ni [[Waislamu]] na 1.5% ni [[Wakristo]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Cambodia}} * {{CIA World Factbook link|cb|Cambodia}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cambodia.htm Cambodia] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cambodia.htm |date=20080703234535 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Cambodia}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13006539 Cambodia profile] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/90520/Cambodia Cambodia] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' * Cambodia - Traveling the [http://www.tourismcambodia.com/ far east] * {{Wikiatlas|Cambodia}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=KH Key Development Forecasts for Cambodia] from [[International Futures]] ;Serikali * [http://www.norodomsihanouk.info/ King of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk] Official website of former King Norodom Sihanouk {{fr icon}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/home.frame.html |title=Cambodia.gov.kh |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005044434/http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/home.view.html |archivedate=2006-10-05 |accessdate=2015-10-28 }} Official Royal Government of Cambodia Website (English Version) * [http://www.mfaic.gov.kh/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation] * [http://www.mot.gov.kh/ Ministry of Tourism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mot.gov.kh/ |date=20020202171903 }} '''Jamii''' * [http://ccc-cambodia.org/ Cooperation Committee for Cambodia (CCC)] * [http://adhoc-cambodia.org/ Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association (ADHOC)] {{Wayback|url=http://adhoc-cambodia.org/ |date=20101230020740 }} * [http://www.cchrcambodia.org/ Cambodian Center for Human Rights (CCHR)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cchrcambodia.org/ |date=20210322174010 }} * [http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/ Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights (LICADHO)] * [http://report.globalintegrity.org/Cambodia/2008 Global Integrity Report: Cambodia] {{Wayback|url=http://report.globalintegrity.org/Cambodia/2008 |date=20090503024545 }} Cambodia Integrity Scorecard and Country Report * [http://www.actioniec.org/ Action IEC Working For Cambodian Community Education Through Media and Culture]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2011&country=8009 Freedom in the World 2011: Cambodia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2011&country=8009 |date=20111023143655 }} * [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2011&country=8009 Freedom of the Press 2011: Cambodia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2011&country=8009 |date=20120107104436 }} {{Asia}} {{Mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Kamboja| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] ni53cgudlnvz20vcge14s8p263s4cn3 28 Septemba 0 4909 1509466 1340373 2026-04-24T13:56:02Z Mainglück 49821 aliongeza 1963 - James Peace, mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Uskoti 1509466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Septemba}} Tarehe '''28 Septemba''' ni [[siku]] ya 271 ya [[mwaka]] (ya 272 katika miaka mirefu). Mpaka uishe zinabaki siku 94. == Matukio == * [[1362]] - [[Uchaguzi]] wa [[Papa Urban V]] * [[1823]] - Uchaguzi wa [[Papa Leo XII]] == Waliozaliwa == * [[1852]] - [[Henri Moissan]], mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia]] mwaka wa [[1906]] * [[1892]] - [[Elmer Rice]], mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] * [[1934]] - [[Brigitte Bardot]], [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] * [[1963]] - [[James Peace]], mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka Uskoti * [[1988]] - [[Wema Sepetu]], [[mrembo]] wa [[Tanzania]] mwaka wa [[2006]] * [[1990]] - [[Kirsten Prout]], mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka [[Kanada]] == Waliofariki == * [[1978]] - [[Papa Yohane Paulo I]] * [[1991]] - [[Miles Davis]], [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ==Sikukuu== [[Wakristo]] wengi, wakifuata [[mapokeo ya Roma]], huadhimisha [[kumbukumbu]] za [[watakatifu]] [[Wenseslaus I]], [[Laurenti Ruiz]] na wenzake, [[Alfeo, Aleksanda na Zosimo]], [[Karitoni wa Souka]], [[Zama wa Bologna]], [[Esuperi wa Toulouse]], [[Eustokya wa Roma]], [[Saloni wa Geneva]], [[Fausto wa Riez]], [[Anemondi]], [[Kunialdi na Gisilari]], [[Lioba]], [[Simoni wa Rojas]] n.k. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|September 28|Septemba 28}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28 BBC: On This Day] * [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Sep&day=28 On this day in Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121216015353/http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Sep&day=28 |date=2012-12-16 }} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Septemba 28}} [[Jamii:Septemba]] a0c1ck18hi6hkjtojwv3me15uw1n98f Haiti 0 6203 1509543 1506265 2026-04-24T23:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Haiti | jina_asili = République d'Haïti (Kifaransa), Repiblik d Ayiti (Krioli ya Kihaiti) | bendera = Flag of Haiti.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Haiti.svg | kaulimbiu = "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" ([[fr]]) </br> "Libète, Egalite, Fratènite" (Krioli) </br> "L'union fait la force" (Kifaransa) </br>"Inite se fòs" (Krioli) | wimbo = La Dessalinienne (Kifaransa), Desalinyèn (Krioli ya Kihaiti) | ramani = Haiti (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Port-au-Prince]] | majiranukta1 = | majiranukta2 = 72°18′26″W | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]], Krioli ya [[Kihaiti]] | lugha_taifa = | mwaka_kabila = | kabila = {{Plainlist| * 95% [[Watu weusi|Weusi]] * 5% [[Chotara]]/[[Weupe]] }} |dini = {{Plainlist| * 87% [[Ukristo]] * 10.7% [[Wasio na dini]] * 2.1% [[Dini za jadi]] }} |mwaka_dini = 2020 | kiongozi1 = [[Fritz Jean]] | kiongozi2 = [[Alix Didier Fils-Aimé]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mpito la Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] (Halisi) | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1 = Tangazo la Uhuru | tukio2 = Kutambuliwa kwa uhuru | tukio3 = Dola ya Kwanza ya Kihaiti | tukio4 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio1_tarehe = 1 Januari 1804 | tukio2_tarehe = 17 Aprili 1825 | tukio3_tarehe = 22 Septemba 1804 | tukio4_tarehe = 29 Machi 1987 | eneo_jumla = 27,750 | cheo_eneo = 143 | maji = 0.7% | ardhi = | watu_kadirio = 11,470,261 | mwaka_kadirio = 2023 | msongamano = 382 | pato_ppp = $38.952 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = $3,185 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 174 | plt = $25.986 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = $2,125 | cheo_plt_kawaida = 139 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 172 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | maendeleo = {{decrease}} 0.554 </br> - {{kati}} | gini = 41 | mwaka_gini = 2023 | fedha = Gourde ya Haiti (HTG) | majira_saa = −05:00 | udereva = | msimbo_simu = 509 | tld = .ht }} [[Picha:Haiti map.png|thumb|left|300px|Ramani ya Haiti]] '''Haiti''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Haiti''') ni nchi iliyoko katika [[Karibi]], inayochukua theluthi ya magharibi ya [[kisiwa]] cha [[Hispaniola]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Karibi]] na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], na inapakana na [[Jamhuri ya Dominika]]. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 11.5, ikiwa ya 83 duniani. [[Mji mkuu]] na [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi ni [[Port-au-Prince]]. Haiti imegawanyika katika mikoa 10 ya kiutawala. Inajulikana kwa kuwa nchi ya kwanza ya watu weusi kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[1804]] baada ya [[mapinduzi]] dhidi ya utawala wa [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]], na kwa [[historia]] yake tajiri ya [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]], pamoja na changamoto za [[siasa|kisiasa]] na za [[majanga]] ya asili kama vile [[Tetemeko la ardhi|matetemeko ya ardhi]]. Haiti ina [[historia]] ya pekee inayohusisha mapambano ya muda mrefu dhidi ya [[ukoloni]], na mabadiliko ya [[jamii|kijamii]]. Baada ya kuongoza mapinduzi ya watumwa yaliyofanikiwa dhidi ya [[Ufaransa]], Haiti ikawa [[taifa]] la kwanza la [[watu weusi]] kujitawala, jambo lililokuwa na athari kubwa [[dunia|duniani]] kote. Hata hivyo, tangu wakati huo nchi imekumbwa na mfululizo wa matatizo ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], mapinduzi ya kijeshi, na ukosefu wa uthabiti wa [[serikali]], hali ambayo imeathiri maendeleo ya [[jamii|kijamii]] na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]]. Katika [[karne ya 21]], Haiti imekumbwa na majanga kadhaa ya asili, ikiwa ni pamoja na tetemeko kubwa la ardhi la mwaka 2010 lililosababisha [[vifo]] vya zaidi ya watu 200,000 na kuacha mamilioni bila makazi. Mifumo ya [[afya]], [[elimu]] na [[miundombinu]] imeendelea kuwa dhaifu, huku [[uchumi]] ukitegemea misaada ya kimataifa, uhamishaji wa fedha kutoka kwa watu waishio nje ya nchi, na sekta ndogo ya [[kilimo]]. Licha ya hayo, watu wa Haiti wanaonyesha uthabiti mkubwa, wakihifadhi tamaduni zao tajiri, [[muziki]], [[sanaa]], na lugha yao ya [[Krioli ya Haiti]]. ==Jiografia== [[Jina]] la "Haiti" lina asili katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kitaino]] ya wakazi asilia; linamaanisha "nchi ya milima", na kweli [[kisiwa]] kina [[milima]] mingi. Nchi imegawanywa katika [[wilaya]] kumi. == Historia == ===Mwanzo na ukoloni wa Hispania=== Wakazi asilia walikuwa [[Waindio]] [[Waarawak]]. Baada ya kufika kwa [[Kristoforo Kolumbus]] na [[utawala]] wa [[Hispania]] [[idadi]] yao ilipungua haraka kutokana na [[magonjwa]] ya [[Ulaya]] ambayo hawakuzoea na kukosa [[Kingamwili|kinga]] dhidi yake, lakini pia kutokana na kutendwa kwa unyama na mabwana wapya. [[Wahispania]] walianzisha [[Shamba|mashamba]] kwa kutegemea kazi ya [[watumwa]] kutoka [[Afrika]]. Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1600]] Waindio wachache tu walibaki kutoka ma[[lakhi]] wakati wa Kolumbus wakapotea kabisa kwa njia ya kuoa au kuolewa na [[Wazungu]] na [[Waafrika]]. === Ukoloni wa Ufaransa === Katika [[karne ya 17]] [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]] walifika [[Kisiwa|kisiwani]] wakanunua [[theluthi]] moja ya kisiwa wakaiita "Saint-Domingue" kilichokuwa baadaye Haiti. Wafaransa walileta watumwa wengi kutoka Afrika na kujenga [[uchumi]] wa mashamba makubwa, hasa ya [[miwa]]. [[Koloni]] la Saint-Domingue lilikuwa koloni tajiri la Ufaransa katika [[Amerika]]. === Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa === Wakati wa [[mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] ya mwaka [[1789]] koloni lilikuwa na wakazi wa aina nne: * Wazungu, hasa Wafaransa, waliokuwa mabwana lakini walikuwa na tofauti kubwa kati yao: wengine [[tajiri]] sana wengine [[maskini]] - jumla takriban watu 32,000 * [[Chotara|machotara]] na Weusi huru ambao walikuwa [[raia]] wa daraja ya pili; wengine walikuwa matajiri na mabwana wa mashamba na pia wa watumwa - jumla watu 28,000 * watumwa wenye asili ya Kiafrika - jumla watu 500,000 * Wamaroni walikuwa watumwa [[wakimbizi]] walioishi [[Mlima|mlimani]] katika [[pori]] - idadi yao haijulikani lakini hawakuwa wengi. Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa na kutangaziwa kwa [[haki za kibinadamu]] vilisababisha matumaini ya machotara wenye [[mali]] ya kukubaliwa kama raia kamili wenye [[haki ya kupiga kura]]. Wenyewe hawakutegemea kumaliza utumwa uliokuwa msingi wa uchumi. Lakini matumaini yao yalishindikana wakakataliwa na watawala kisiwani. [[Picha:Toussaint L'Ouverture.jpg|thumb|250px|Toussaint L'Ouverture kiongozi wa uhuru wa Haiti]] === Mapinduzi ya Haiti === Sehemu ya matajiri kati ya Wazungu walitaka kujitenga na Ufaransa kwa msaada wa [[Uingereza]] na Hispania wakichukia [[mapinduzi]] katika Ufaransa. Watumwa na Weusi huru wenye [[elimu]] walifuata habari hizi wakaogopa ya kwamba utawala wa mabwana hao bila [[sheria]] za Ufaransa utakuwa mbaya kuliko hali jinsi ilivyokuwa wakaanza mapinduzi. [[Kiongozi]] wao alikuwa [[Toussaint L'Ouverture]] aliyefaulu kushika [[serikali]] ya koloni tangu mwaka [[1798]]. Awali alipigania [[jeshi]] la Ufaransa; baada ya [[bunge]] la [[Paris]] kutangaza mwisho wa utumwa alishirikiana na Ufaransa dhidi ya jeshi la mabwana wenye mashamba waliotaka kuendeleza utumwa katika nchi ya kujitegemea. Toussaint L'Ouverture alishinda pia [[Waingereza]] waliotaka kuwasaidia wapinzani Wafaransa wa [[Paris]] na mwaka [[1801]] akateka [[kaskazini]] mwa kisiwa iliyokuwa eneo la Kihispania na kutawala [[Hispaniola]] yote akitangaza kote mwisho wa utumwa. Lakini mnamo mwaka [[1802]] [[siasa]] ya Paris ilibadilika na mtawala [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] aliamua kurudisha Hispaniola katika hali ya awali akatuma jeshi kubwa la [[askari]] 40,000. L'Ouverture alikamatwa alipokubali kushauriana na [[jenerali]] Mfaransa akapelekwa kama mfungwa Ulaya. Lakini [[makamu]] wake Jean-Jacques Dessalines aliposikia kuhusu mipango ya Ufaransa ya kurudisha utumwa alianza [[vita]] upya. Katika vita vikali Wafaransa walishindwa na Dessalines alitangaza [[uhuru]] wa koloni tarehe [[1 Januari]] [[1804]] kwa [[jina]] la "Haiti" kama "Jamhuri ya watu weusi". == Wilaya za Haiti == [[Picha:Haiti departments numbered.png|left|thumb|300px|Wilaya za Haiti]] [[Picha:Riot PetionVille.jpg|200px|thumb|right|MINUSTAH kazini wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2006.]] # [[Wilaya ya Artibonite|Artibonite]] ([[Gonaïves]]) # [[Wilaya ya Centre (Haiti)|Centre]] ([[Hinche]]) # [[Wilaya ya Grand'Anse|Grand'Anse]] ([[Jérémie]]) # [[Wilaya ya Nippes|Nippes]] ([[Miragoâne]]) # [[Wilaya ya Nord (Haiti)|Nord]] ([[Cap-Haïtien]]) # [[Wilaya ya Nord-Est|Nord-Est]] ([[Fort-Liberté]]) # [[Wilaya ya Nord-Ouest|Nord-Ouest]] ([[Port-de-Paix]]) # [[Wilaya ya Ouest|Ouest]] ([[Port-au-Prince]]) # [[Wilaya ya Sud-Est|Sud-Est]] ([[Jacmel]]) # [[Wilaya ya Sud|Sud]] ([[Les Cayes]]) ==Watu== Wakazi ni 11,439.646 (2018), lakini wananchi wengine wengi wamehama kutokana na [[ufukara]]. Karibu 900,000 wako [[Marekani]], 800,000 wako [[Jamhuri ya Dominika|Dominikana]] na 300,000 [[Kuba]], halafu [[Kanada]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Bahamas]]. [[Uchunguzi]] wa [[DNA]] umeonyesha kwamba [[Afrika]] [[Kusini kwa Sahara]] imeichangia 95.5[[%]] na Ulaya 4.3%. Kuna [[lugha rasmi]] mbili: moja ni [[Kifaransa]] (42%) na nyingine ni [[Kihaiti]] ("Kreyol") inayotokana nacho (karibu 100%). Wakazi wengi ni wafuasi wa [[Yesu Kristo]] (86.4%) (katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]] 56.8% na [[madhehebu]] ya [[Kiprotestanti]] 29.6%) lakini wengi hufuata vilevile [[dini]] ya [[vudu]] inayotokana na [[dini za jadi]] kutoka [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * [http://www.elahmad.com/maps/qibla-english.htm?latitude=18.9167&longitude=-72.4878&t=h&zoom=7 maps Haiti] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elahmad.com/maps/qibla-english.htm?latitude=18.9167&longitude=-72.4878&t=h&zoom=7 |date=20110515003814 }} * {{en}} [http://www.haiti.org/ Ubalozi ya Haiti katika Washington DC] * {{en}} [http://haiti.usembassy.gov/ Ubalozi ya Marekani katika Port-au-Prince] {{Wayback|url=http://haiti.usembassy.gov/ |date=20060424094341 }} * [http://www.pbase.com/perrona/haiti_photo_haiti Photo Haiti] {{Amerika Kaskazini}} {{mbegu-jio-Karibi}} [[Jamii:Haiti| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Karibi]] [[Jamii:nchi za visiwa]] qzz0s4nguqaw7qco8db1ip89aagmhn0 Israeli 0 8450 1509554 1506463 2026-04-25T02:27:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|Biblia|Israeli ya Kale}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_asili = {{lang|he|מדינת ישראל}} ([[Kiebrania]]) </br> {{lang|ar|دَوْلَةْ إِسְרَائِيل}} ([[Kiarabu]]) | jina_refu_rasmi = Dola la Israeli | common_name = Israeli | bendera = Flag of Israel.svg | nembo = Emblem of Israel.svg | ramani = Israel (centered orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Israeli na Maeneo walioteka ya Palestina </i></small> | kaulimbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "[[Hatikvah]]" </br> <div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:National Anthem of Israel (Hatikvah).ogg]]</div> | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiebrania]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution for Israel |url=https://knesset.gov.il/constitution/ConstIntro_eng.htm |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=knesset.gov.il. |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804001041/https://knesset.gov.il/constitution/ConstIntro_eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | lugha_ya_kihusishi = [[Kiarabu]]{{refn|group=fn|Arabic has a "special status" as set by the [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|Basic Law of 2018]], which allows it to be used by official institutions.<ref name=lang2>{{cite news |title=Israel Passes 'National Home' Law, Drawing Ire of Arabs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/middleeast/israel-passes-national-home-law.html |url-access=subscription |work=The New York Times |date=19 July 2018 |language=en |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107092323/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/middleeast/israel-passes-national-home-law.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lang3>{{cite news |last1=Lubell |first1=Maayan |title=Israel adopts divisive Jewish nation-state law |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-law/israel-adopts-divisive-jewish-nation-state-law-idUSKBN1K901V |work=Reuters |date=19 July 2018 |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224205808/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-law/israel-adopts-divisive-jewish-nation-state-law-idUSKBN1K901V |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lang1>{{cite web |title=Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Culture/Pages/Arabic-in-Israel--an-official-language-and-a-cultural-bridge-18-December-2016.aspx |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=18 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2018 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802014731/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Culture/Pages/Arabic-in-Israel--an-official-language-and-a-cultural-bridge-18-December-2016.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Jerusalem]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement |url=http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |website=mid.ru |date=6 April 2017 |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104201944/https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241 |title=Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303093750/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Javier Milei on his first diplomatic visit to Israel as President of Argentina |url=https://www.gov.il/en/pages/javier-maili-on-his-first-diplomatic-visit-to-israel |access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Honduras recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/honduras-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203023556/https://www.timesofisrael.com/honduras-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|title=Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén|trans-title=Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem|website=Infobae|date=24 December 2017 |language=es|access-date=25 December 2017|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417074208/https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nauru recognizes J'lem as capital of Israel |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268084 |work=Israel National News |date=29 August 2019 |language=en |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611110231/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268084 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html |title=Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617225602/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | serikali = [[Jamhuri]] yenye [[serikali ya kibunge]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi1 = [[Isaac Herzog]] | kiongozi2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] | tukio1 = Uhuru | tukio1_tarehe = 14 Mei 1948 | kabila = 73.5% [[Wayahudi]] </br> 21.1% [[Waarabu]] </br> 5.4% Wengine | mwaka_kabila = 2025<ref name="population_stat2024">{{cite report |date=14 August 2025 |title=Population, by Population Group |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2025/yarhon0825/b1.pdf |work=Monthly Bulletin of Statistics |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> | eneo_jumla = 20,770 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/#geography |title=Israel|date=27 February 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=24 February 2023|archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel#geography |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Israel country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14628835 |website=BBC News |access-date=27 January 2021 |date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133129/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14628835 |url-status=live }}</ref> | cheo_eneo = | maji = 2.71%<ref>{{cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=OECD.Stat |publisher=OECD |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live }}</ref> | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru kutoka Uingereza | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 10,009,800<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Series DataBank |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Statistics/Pages/Generators/Time-Series-DataBank.aspx?r=ea3bd53b-b8ef-4c4a-8f6f-8eb5e8cdb84f&uptodate=1 |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | cheo_watu = 93 | watu_sensa = 9,601,720<ref>{{cite web |title=Geographic Areas – Nationwide |url=https://census.cbs.gov.il/geographic-area?search=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%20%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99&type=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%20%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99 |website=2022 Population Census Data |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref> | mwaka_sensa = 2022 | msongamano = 454 | population_density_rank = 30th | mwaka_pato = 2025 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $565.878 bilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.IL">{{Cite web |title=Israel and the IMF |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/ISR |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> | cheo_plt_ppp = 47 | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $55,847<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | cheo_plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = | plt = {{increase}} $550.905 bilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $54,370<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | hdi = 0.915 </br> -{{juu}}<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | cheo_maendeleo = 25 | fedha = [[Shekel Mpya ya Israeli]] (₪) ILS | majira_saa = +2 (IST) | upande_gari = Kulia | tld = [[.il]] | msimbo_simu = 972 | tanbihi = Eneo jumla la Israeli pamoja na [[Golan Heights]] na [[Jerusalem ya Mashariki]] ni 22,072 km²<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/#geography |title=Israel|date=27 February 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=24 February 2023|archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel#geography |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Israeli''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Dola la Israeli''' (kwa [[Kiebrania]]: '''מדינת ישראל''' - ''Medinat Yisra'el''; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''دَوْلَةْ إِسْرَائِيل''' - ''Dawlat Isrā'īl'') ni nchi iliyoko [[Magharibi]] mwa [[Asia]]. Iko katika eneo la [[Kusini]] mwa [[Mashariki ya Kati]]; na inapakana na [[Lebanoni]] na [[Syria]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], Ukingo wa Magharibi na [[Jordan]] upande wa [[mashariki]], Ukanda wa [[Gaza]] na [[Misri]] upande wa kusini-magharibi, na [[Bahari ya Mediterania]] upande wa magharibi. Israeli pia ina [[pwani]] ndogo kwenye [[Bahari ya Shamu]] kwenye ncha yake ya kusini kabisa, na sehemu ya [[Bahari ya Chumvi]] inapatikana katika mipaka yake ya mashariki. [[Mji]] wake [[mji mkuu|mkuu]] ni [[Yerusalemu]], wakati [[Tel Aviv]] ni eneo kubwa la mijini na kituo cha [[Uchumi|kiuchumi]] cha nchi hiyo. Israeli ina [[idadi]] ya wakazi takriban [[milioni]] 10, na hivyo kuwa moja ya nchi zenye [[msongamano]] mkubwa wa watu katika eneo hilo. Nchi hii inajulikana kwa kuwa na [[Kabila|makabila]] na [[dini]] mbalimbali, wakiwemo [[Wayahudi]], [[Waarabu]] ([[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] na [[Ukristo|Wakristo]]), [[Wadruzi]], na makundi mengine ya wachache. [[Kiebrania]] ni [[lugha rasmi]], huku [[Kiarabu]] kikiwa na hadhi maalumu. Mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa Israeli ni [[demokrasia]] ya [[bunge|kibunge]], ambapo Knesset ndiyo chombo cha kutunga [[sheria]] na [[Waziri Mkuu]] ndiye mkuu wa [[serikali]]. [[Uchumi|Kiuchumi]], Israeli inachukuliwa kuwa nchi iliyostawi sana, ikiwa na msisitizo mkubwa katika [[teknolojia]], [[Mvumbuzi|uvumbuzi]], na [[ujasiriamali]]. Ina sekta imara ya teknolojia ya juu, mara nyingi ikiitwa "''Taifa la Uanzishaji''" (Start-Up Nation), na inajulikana kwa [[maendeleo]] katika nyanja kama vile [[usalama wa mtandao]], [[tiba]], na [[kilimo]]. Licha ya migogoro ya kikanda na changamoto za kisiasa, Israeli inaendelea kuwa na Kielelezo cha Maendeleo ya Binadamu cha juu na uhusiano thabiti na [[mataifa]] mengi yenye nguvu [[Dunia|duniani]]. ==Historia== {{Kuu|Historia ya Israeli}} Historia ya Israeli inaenea kwa maelfu ya miaka hadi [[Mashariki ya Kati]] ya kale, ambako [[Kabila|makabila]] ya awali ya [[Kisemiti]] yaliishi katika eneo lililojulikana kama [[Kanaani]]. Kufikia [[milenia]] [[Milenia ya 1 KK|ya 1]] [[kabla ya Kristo]], [[Waisraeli]], walioshika [[imani]] ya [[Umoja wa Mungu|Mungu mmoja]] iliyokuja kuwa msingi wa [[Uyahudi]], walikuwa tayari wameanzisha [[ufalme wa Israeli]] uliogawanyika mapema. [[ufalme|Falme]] mbili za Israeli na [[Yuda (ufalme)|Yuda]] zilikuza mifumo ya kiutawala na mila za kidini zilizo tofauti. Hata hivyo, [[uhuru]] wao ulikabiliwa mara kwa mara na mashinikizo kutoka kwa himaya zenye nguvu. Ufalme wa kaskazini wa Israeli ulianguka mikononi mwa [[Waashuru]] katika [[karne ya 8 KK]], huku Ufalme wa kusini wa Yuda ukishindwa na [[Babeli|Wababeli]] katika [[karne ya 6 KK]], tukio lililoambatana na uharibifu wa [[Yerusalemu]] na [[Hekalu la Yerusalemu|Hekalu la Kwanza]] pamoja na [[Uhamisho wa Babeli|uhamisho]] wa sehemu kubwa ya wakazi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of the State of Israel|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/israel/israeli-history|publisher=NLI|website=www.nli.org|access-date=2026-04-03|archive-date=2025-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221221802/https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/israel/israeli-history|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Brief History of Israel|url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Israel|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Creation of Israel|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel|publisher=Department of State|website=www.state.gov|access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref> Baada ya kipindi cha uhamisho, baadhi ya [[Wayahudi]] walirejea chini ya utawala wa [[Waajemi]] na kujenga upya [[Hekalu]] huko [[Yerusalemu]]. Baadaye, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na [[Ustaarabu wa magharibi|utamaduni wa Kiyunani]] kufuatia [[ushindi]] wa [[Aleksander Mashuhuri|Aleksanda Mkuu]], na hatimaye likaangukia chini ya utawala wa [[Warumi]]. Mivutano kati ya [[Wayahudi]] na Warumi ilisababisha maasi kadhaa, yaliyofikia kilele kwa kuharibiwa kwa Hekalu la Pili mwaka [[70]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]] na kuanza kwa mtawanyiko mkubwa wa Wayahudi duniani. Kwa [[karne]] nyingi zilizofuata, eneo hilo lilitawaliwa na dola na falme mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Ufalme wa Bizanti|Dola la Bizanti]], [[Khalifa|makhalifa]] wa [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]], falme za [[Vita za Misalaba|Vita vya Msalaba]], na baadaye [[Dola la Osmani]], lililodhibiti eneo hilo kuanzia mapema [[karne ya 16]] hadi mwisho wa [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]]. Katika enzi ya kisasa, kudhoofika kwa Dola la Osmani kulifungua njia kwa kuibuka kwa [[harakati]] za [[utaifa]]. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], harakati ya [[Uzayuni]] ilijitokeza, ikihamasisha kurejeshwa kwa makazi ya Wayahudi katika eneo hilo. Baada ya [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]], [[Uingereza]] ilichukua udhibiti wa eneo hilo chini ya mfumo wa [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|mamlaka ya udhamini]], ambapo mvutano kati ya [[Wayahudi]] na [[Waarabu]] uliongezeka. Mwaka [[1948]], taifa la Israeli lilitangazwa rasmi, hatua iliyosababisha vita na nchi jirani za Kiarabu pamoja na kuhama kwa idadi kubwa ya [[Wapalestina]]. Tangu hapo, Israeli imeendelea kujijenga kama taifa la kisasa huku ikibaki [[kitovu]] cha migogoro ya kikanda na juhudi endelevu za kuleta amani. ==Demografia== === Dini === [[File:Al Aqsa mosque (cropped).jpg|thumb|Msikiti wa Al Aqsa , Israel]] Takriban 73.5% za wakazi ni [[Wayahudi]] ambao wengi wao wanafuata [[dini]] ya [[Uyahudi]], na 21.1 % ni [[Waarabu]] ambao wengi ni [[Waislamu]] (18% za raia wote) lakini pia [[Wakristo]] (1.9% za raia wote: kati ya Wakristo hao karibu 80% ni Waarabu). [[Wahamiaji]] wengi wasiopata [[uraia]] (5.4%) ni Wakristo. === Lugha === [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiebrania]], huku [[Kiarabu]] kikiwa na hadhi ya pekee. [[Lugha]] nyingine zinazotumika sana nyumbani ni [[Kirusi]], [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiamhari]], mbali ya [[Kiingereza]]. == Uchumi == Uchumi wa Israeli umeendelea sana na una [[teknolojia]] ya hali ya juu, ukijulikana kwa msisitizo mkubwa kwenye ubunifu, viwanda vya teknolojia, na [[biashara]] ya kimataifa. Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1948, Israeli imebadilika kutoka jamii ya [[kilimo]] kuwa [[uchumi]] wa kisasa unaosukumwa na [[teknolojia]], [[huduma]], na [[kiwanda|viwanda]]. Sekta muhimu ni pamoja na [[teknolojia]] ya taarifa, usalama wa mtandao, dawa, na vifaa vya ulinzi. Nchi pia ina mauzo makubwa ya kilimo ingawa ardhi inayofaa [[kilimo]] ni chache, kwa kutumia mbinu za kisasa za umwagiliaji na bioteknolojia kudumisha tija. Israeli mara nyingi huitwa ''Nchi ya Start-Up'' kutokana na mfumo wake wa nguvu wa [[ujasiriamali]] na uwekaji mkubwa wa [[mtaji|mitaji]] ya hatari (venture capital) kwenye ''start-ups''. Vituo vikuu vya [[teknolojia]], kama [[Tel Aviv]] na [[Haifa]], vimekuwa vituo vya maendeleo ya programu, usalama wa mtandao, na [[teknolojia]] ya matibabu. [[Serikali]] inasaidia ubunifu kwa kutoa motisha za utafiti na maendeleo, huku ushirikiano wa kimataifa na mauzo ya bidhaa za [[teknolojia]] ya juu ukichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kwenye [[Pato la Taifa]] (GDP). Biashara ni sehemu muhimu ya uchumi]wa Israeli, huku [[Marekani]], [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na [[China]] zikiwa miongoni mwa washirika wake wakubwa wa kibiashara. Israeli inasafirisha [[bidhaa]] kama vile vifaa vya kielektroniki, [[kemikali]], na mashine, huku ikiinua malighafi na [[nishati]]. [[Utalii]] na huduma pia ni sehemu muhimu, zikileta mapato makubwa ya kigeni. Licha ya changamoto kama ukosefu wa utulivu wa kikanda na utegemezi wa uagizaji wa [[nishati]], Israeli inaendelea kuwa na [[uchumi]] thabiti wenye ubunifu mkubwa na nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi. == Siasa == [[Siasa]] za Israeli zina sifa ya [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] ulio na ushindani mkubwa na utofauti mpana, unaoongozwa na uwakilishi wa uwiano. [[Vyama vya kisiasa]] vinawakilisha mitazamo mbalimbali ya kiitikadi, ikiwemo vyama vya mrengo wa kulia, kati, kushoto, vya [[dini|kidini]], na vya [[Waarabu]]. Hakuna chama kilichowahi kupata wingi wa moja kwa moja katika bunge la Knesset, jambo linalofanya [[serikali]] za muungano kuwa sehemu muhimu ya siasa za Israeli. Makundi makuu ya kisiasa kwa kawaida hujumuisha vyama vya utaifa na kihafidhina upande wa kulia, vyama vya kiliberali na [[jamii|kijamii]] upande wa kushoto, pamoja na vyama vya kidini ambavyo mara nyingi vina nafasi muhimu katika kuunda [[serikali]]. Mijadala ya kisiasa nchini Israeli huathiriwa sana na masuala ya usalama na mipaka, hasa mgogoro [[Waisraeli]] na [[Wapalestina]], makazi katika Ukingo wa Magharibi, na uhusiano na nchi jirani pamoja na nguvu za kikanda. Masuala mengine muhimu ni pamoja na nafasi ya [[dini]] katika [[serikali]], kama vile sheria za ndoa, [[elimu]], na msamaha wa huduma ya kijeshi kwa baadhi ya makundi ya kidini yenye msimamo mkali. Sera za uchumi, gharama ya maisha, ukosefu wa usawa wa kijamii, na mageuzi ya mfumo wa mahakama pia yamekuwa mada kuu katika mjadala wa ndani, mara nyingi yakisababisha maandamano ya umma na mgawanyiko wa kisiasa. [[Uchaguzi]] nchini Israeli hufanyika mara kwa mara kutokana na kutokuwa thabiti kwa [[serikali]] za muungano, ambapo miungano ya vyama huundwa na kuvunjika kulingana na mabadiliko ya maslahi ya kisiasa. Ushiriki wa wapiga kura huwa wa juu kwa ujumla, na wananchi hushiriki kikamilifu katika siasa katika makundi mbalimbali ya [[jamii]], wakiwemo [[Wayahudi]] na [[Waarabu]]. Siasa za Israeli pia huathiriwa na utofauti wa idadi ya watu, historia ya nchi, na mvutano wa kikanda, jambo linalosababisha mazingira ya kisiasa yenye mabadiliko ya mara kwa mara na wakati mwingine mgawanyiko, ambapo mazungumzo ya muungano na ushirikiano wa vyama ni muhimu katika uongozi wa nchi. ==Tazama pia== *[[Israeli ya Kale]] *[[Mapambano kati ya Israeli na Palestina]] *[[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * {{en}} {{ar}} na {{he}} [http://www.gov.il/firstgov/english/ [[Tovuti]] ya [[serikali]]] * [http://israilgercegi.blogcu.com Israel blog] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gov.il/firstgov/english/ |date=20091103090017 }} {{Asia}} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Israeli| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] t8sbtg9dmzat0rvu70tuy3umufucw1e Dola la Roma 0 12440 1509487 1423175 2026-04-24T16:43:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Map of the Roman Empire at its height.svg|thumb|300px|Dola la Roma lilipofikia [[kilele]] cha [[uenezi]] wake mwaka [[117]].]] [[Picha:Roman Republic Empire map edited.gif|thumb|310px|'''Upanuzi wa eneo la Roma kuanzia mwaka [[510 KK]] hadi [[480]] [[BK]]''';<br />nyekundu = Jamhuri ya Roma 510 KK - [[40 KK]]<br />zambarau= Dola la Roma [[20]] BK - [[360]]<br />Buluu = Dola la Roma la Magharibi [[405]] - [[480]] <br />Njano = Dola la Roma la Mashariki (Bizanti) 405 - 480]] '''Dola la Roma''' (kwa [[Kilatini]] "Imperium Romanum") lilikuwa [[milki]] kubwa lililoenea kwa [[karne]] kadhaa katika nchi zote zinazopakana na [[bahari]] ya [[Mediteranea]] (ambayo kwa sababu hiyo iliitwa "Mare Nostrum", yaani "Bahari yetu") na nyinginezo. Lilianza kwenye [[mji]] mkuu wa [[Roma]] na [[rasi]] ya [[Italia]] ikaendelea kuunganisha ma[[kabila]] na ma[[taifa]] ya nchi nyingi kwenye ma[[bara]] matatu ya [[Ulaya]], [[Afrika]] na [[Asia]]. Kuanzia [[karne ya 1 KK]] [[Orodha ya Makaisari wa Roma|Watawala wa Dola]] wakaitwa makaisari: [[Kaisari]] wa kwanza alikuwa [[Augusto]]. Nchi nyingi za sasa ziliwahi kuwa sehemu ya Dola la Roma kama vile [[Uingereza]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Hispania]], [[Italia]], [[Ugiriki]] na nchi za [[Balkani]] upande wa Ulaya, [[Moroko]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libia]] na [[Misri]] upande wa Afrika, na [[Uturuki]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Palestina]], [[Jordan]] na hata [[Irak]] upande wa Asia. [[Idadi]] ya wakazi imekadiriwa kuwa ilifikia [[milioni]] 50-90, yaani [[asilimia]] 20 hivi za watu wote [[duniani]] wakati huo. [[Lugha]] ya Dola la Roma ilikuwa [[Kilatini]], ila katika sehemu za mashariki pamoja na [[Kigiriki cha Kale]]. [[Dola la Roma Magharibi|Sehemu ya magharibi]] ya Dola la Roma iliishia mwaka [[476]] baada ya [[mapinduzi ya kijeshi]] dhidi ya Kaisari wa mwisho [[Romulus Augustulus]] aliyefukuzwa na [[jemadari]] wa [[Kigermanik]] wa [[jeshi]] la Roma. Upande wa mashariki Dola la Roma likaendelea hadi mwaka [[1453]] kwa majina kama "[[Roma ya Mashariki]]" au [[Bizanti]]. == Dola-mji == Chanzo cha dola la Roma kilikuwa [[dola-mji]] mjini penyewe. Mji uliundwa katika [[karne ya 9 KK]] hivi kwenye vilima kando ya [[mto Tiber]] katikati ya rasi ya Italia. Waroma wenyewe walipenda kutaja mwaka [[753 KK]] walioutumia kama chanzo cha [[kalenda]] yao "ab Urbe Condita" (a.U.C. = tangu kuundwa kwa Roma). Lakini [[akiolojia]] imeonyesha [[dalili]] za makazi ya mapema zaidi katika eneo la mji. Mji ulitawaliwa awali na wafalme. Mwaka [[509 KK]] [[mfalme]] wa mwisho alifukuzwa na kipindi cha [[jamhuri ya Roma]] kilianza. Mji wa Roma ulieneza athira yake kwa njia ya mapatano au [[vita]] na miji na makabila jirani. ==Katiba ya jamhuri== Kwa karne zilizofuata Waroma walifuata katiba iliyolenga kuzuia asitokee mfalme mpya. Vyeo vyote vilitolewa kwa muda tu kwa njia ya [[uchaguzi]]. Madaraka yaligawiwa kati ya ngazi na vyeo mbalimbali. Vyeo vingi vilitolewa kwa watu wawili kwa kipindi kilekile kwa [[sharti]] la kwamba hao wapatane na kuangaliana. * Kila [[mtu]] aliruhusiwa kuwa na [[cheo]] fulani kwa muda wa mwaka 1 pekee * Hakuruhusiwa kuwa na kipindi cha pili kwenye cheo kilekile * Aliyechaguliwa kupata cheo hakuruhusiwa kugombea cheo kingine mara moja * Kila cheo kilikuwa na nafasi mbili. Hao watendaji wawili waliochanga cheo kimoja walipaswa kupatana; kila mmoja aliweza kufuta maazimio ya mwenzake. * Mgombea wa cheo fulani alipaswa kutangulia katika utendaji wa cheo cha chini kabla ya kupanda juu * Kati ya kugombea vyeo viwili mgombea alipaswa kupumzika mwaka mmoja. Kulikuwa na cheo kimoja pekee kilichotekelezwa na mtu mmoja tu: [[dikteta]]. Dikteta aliweza kuchaguliwa katika kipindi cha [[dharura]] kama vita kwa muda wa miezi sita. Katika kipindi hiki alifanya maazimio peke yake. Kwa kawaida watendaji wakuu walikuwa ma[[konsuli]] ("consules") waliochaguliwa kwa muda wa mwaka 1. == Upanuzi katika Italia == Dola la Roma lilianza kupanuka katika Italia. Mwaka [[396 KK]] mji jirani wa [[Veio]] ulitwaliwa na kuharibiwa. Katika [[karne ya 4 KK]] vilitokea vita kati ya Roma na majirani na eneo lote la [[Lazio]] likatawaliwa na Roma. Roma ilianzishwa [[utaratibu]] wa [[ushirikiano]] na majirani. Mara chache tu wapinzani walimalizwa kabisa kama Veio. Mara nyingi walilazimishwa kutia [[sahihi]] mikataba ya ushirikiano walimopaswa kuwasaidia Waroma kwa [[wanajeshi]] na kutokuwa na [[uhusiano]] wowote na makabila ya nje. Makabila na miji iliyoshirikiana vizuri na Roma walipewa [[uraia]] wa Roma sawa na wenyeji wa mji wenyewe. Katika [[karne ya 3 KK]] Waroma waliendelea kutwaa sehemu kubwa ya rasi ya Italia. Katika vita dhidi ya [[Pyrrho]] wa [[Epirus]] (eneo kati ya [[Albania]] na [[Ugiriki]] wa leo) miaka ya [[280 KK]] - [[275 KK]] Roma ilishinda mara ya kwanza dhidi ya jeshi lililotoka nje ya Italia. Vita hii ilisababisha ubwana wa Roma juu ya miji ya Kigiriki kusini mwa Italia ilipaswa kukubali ubwana wa Roma tangu 275 KK pia makabila ya milimani. [[Picha:CarthageMapDe.png|thumb|180px|Eneo la Karthago mnamo 264 kabla ya vita za Kipuni]] == Vita za Wapuni na kipaumbele katika Mediteranea ya magharibi == [[Ushindi]] huo ulisababisha [[ugomvi]] na [[Karthago]] iliyotawala [[pwani]] za [[Mediteranea]] pamoja na [[kisiwa]] kikubwa cha [[Sisilia]]. Hali ya vita ilianza tangu mwaka [[264 KK]] kati ya Roma na watu wa Karthago ("[[Wafinisia]]" au "Wapuni" jinsi walivyoitwa na Waroma). Vita hii ya kwanza ilikwisha mwaka [[241 KK]] na Karthago ilipaswa kuwaachia Waroma Sisilia yote. Katika vita hii Waroma waliendelea kushinda [[bahari]]ni pia, si kwenye [[nchi kavu]] tu. Vita ya pili dhidi ya Wapuni ([[218 KK]] - [[201 KK]]) ilianzishwa na Karthago. Jemadari [[Hanibal]] alitaka kulipiza [[kisasi]] akavuka milima ya [[Alpi]] kwa [[tembo]] zake wa kivita. Alishinda mara kadhaa [[jeshi]] la Waroma lakini Waitalia wengine walisimama imara upande wa Roma. Mwishowe Roma ilishinda mara ya pili na Karthago ilipaswa kuwaachia Waroma pwani yote ya kaskazini-magharibi ya Mediteranea pamoja na [[Gallia]] (leo [[Ufaransa]]) ya kusini, [[Hispania]] na visiwa vya Mediteranea. Karthago ilibaki upande wa Afrika tu. Mabaki ya [[himaya]] ya Karthago, pamoja na mji wenyewe, yalimalizwa na Roma katika vita ya tatu dhidi ya Wapuni kati ya miaka [[149 KK]] na [[146 KK]]. Karthago iliharibiwa kabisa na wakazi wote wasiouawa waliuzwa kama [[watumwa]]. == Upanuzi katika Ugiriki == Wakati wa vita ya pili ya Wapuni mfalme [[Filipo V]] wa [[Makedonia]] aliwahi kuwasaidia Karthago. Roma ilitumia nafasi ya ushindi kupinga upanuzi wa Makedonia katika [[Ugiriki]] kwa kusaidia madola madogo za Ugiriki ya kusini dhidi ya Filipo V. Vita hizi kati ya Roma na Makedonia zilikuwa na [[shabaha]] za kuzuia kipaumbele cha ufalme wowote wa Ugiriki. Roma likabaki katika [[siasa]] ya Ugiriki zaidi kama mtazamaji. Mwaka [[192 KK]] mfalme [[Antioko III]] wa [[milki ya Waseleuko]] aliingia kijeshi katika Ugiriki. Roma ikajibu kwa kutuma [[legioni]] zake na kuanzisha mfululizo wa vita zilizoendelea hadi mwaka [[146 KK]]. Waseleuko walipaswa kujiondoa kabisa katika Ugiriki. Uwezo wa Makedonia ukapunguzwa na sehemu kubwa ya Ugiriki kuwa majimbo ya Kiroma ya [[Akaya]], [[Epirus]] na [[Makedonia]]. [[Jaribio]] la mwisho la Wagiriki kutetea mabaki ya [[uhuru]] wao lilisababisha [[uangamizi]] wa mji wa [[Korintho]] mwaka 146 KK pamoja na uharibifu wa Karthago. == Kuingia Asia == Mwaka [[133 KK]] mfalme wa [[Pergamon]] katika [[Asia Ndogo]] (Uturuki wa leo) aliyeogopa [[fitina]] kati ya warithi wake aliamua kukabidhi milki yake kwa jamhuri ya Roma baada ya [[kifo]] chake. Milki hii ikawa jimbo la Kiroma la Asia lililoonekana kuwa jimbo tajiri kabisa. Tukio hili likawa [[mlango]] wa Roma kupanua zaidi himaya yake katika mashariki ya Mediteranea. Jimbo jipya la "Asia" likavuta wanasiasa Waroma wenye [[hamu]] ya kujitajirisha likawa [[kitovu]] cha [[ufisadi]] katika milki ya Roma. [[Mwanasiasa]] aliyepata nafasi ya kuwa [[gavana]] alikuwa mtu tajiri sana baada ya miaka 2 au 3. Upanuzi wa Dola la Roma lilileta faida lakini matatizo pia: *nafasi ya kujitajirisha katika [[utumishi]] kwenye majimbo mapya ya nje kulisababisha kuongezeka kwa [[gharama]] za kugombea. Maana wanasiasa waliolenga kupata nafasi hizi walikopa na kutumia [[pesa]] nyingi ili wapate [[kura]] nyingi. Waliamini ya kwamba baada ya ushindi wangeweza kurudisha ma[[deni]]. Hali hii ilisababisha kuongezeka kwa [[kiwango]] cha pesa kilichotumiwa kwa [[kampeni za uchaguzi]] kwa jumla. *baada ya kuingiza maeneo mengi ya mbali Waroma waliona athira za [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za kigeni. Waroma wa miaka ya kwanza ya jamhuri walijivunia maisha bila [[anasa]]. Walidharau ma[[pambo]] na matumizi ya pesa kwa mahitaji ya anasa. Lakini sasa walivuta katika jamii yao watu wa Ugiriki na Asia waliopenda anasa. == Kipindi cha mgogoro == Mafanikio na upanuzi wa jamhuri ya Kiroma vilileta mabadiliko makubwa. Vilisababisha pia kipindi cha [[mgogoro]] kilichoanza kuonekana kwa nguvu pamoja na upanuzi huko Asia. [[Tatizo]] kuu lilikuwa suala la [[ardhi]] pamoja na [[mfumo]] wa jeshi. Mfumo wa jeshi ulisimama juu ya msingi wa kila [[raia]] kushiriki vitani. Kila raia wa Roma alipaswa kubeba silaha na kujiunga na jeshi kama dola liliamua kuwa vita ni lazima. Kila raia alipaswa kujipatia na kugharimia silaha zake. Upanuzi wa dola lilileta matatizo. Hasa [[wakulima]] wengi wadogo walishuka ki[[uchumi]]. Kadiri dola lilivyopanuka na jeshi lilivyopaswa kupiga vita katika maeneo ya mbali, hao wakulima wadogo walipaswa kuondoka kwa muda mrefu zaidi kutoka nyumbani na shambani mwao. [[Utekelezaji]] wa [[kazi]] ulibaki kwa [[wazee]], [[wanawake]] na [[watoto]] pekee. [[Wanaume]] wenyewe, wenye uwezo wa kazi hasa, waliondoka kwenda vitani na kukaa mbali na [[kaya]] kwa vipindi vilivyozidi kuongezeka. Kinyume chake matajiri hawakupata matatizo hayo. Wakiwa na ma[[shamba]] makubwa waliweza kununua watumwa wa kutosha walioweza kulima na kutawala mashamba yao pamoja na wazee na wanawake hadi wenyewe waliporudi. Vilevile matajiri walikuwa na uwezo wa kununua silaha bora, pia [[farasi]] za kupandia na hivyo kushika vyeo vya juu zaidi jeshini. Vyeo vya juu viliwapa sehemu kubwa zaidi ya [[mali]] ya ma[[adui]] iliyoporwa baada ya ushindi. Kutokana na mapato hayo makubwa zaidi waliweza kununua mashamba makubwa zaidi. [[Tokeo]] lake lilikuwa ma[[badiliko]] la kilimo katika Italia: wakulima wadogo walizidi kushuka chini, walipaswa kukopa pesa kwa kujidumu na kuwa na madeni. Mwishowe walipaswa kuuza mashamba yao na kutafuta kazi kama [[vibarua]]. Kinyume chake tabaka la wenye mashamba makubwa liliongezewa [[nguvu]] na [[utajiri]]. Tofauti za kijamii ziliongezeka. Tofauti hizo zilisababisha kutokea kwa kipindi cha machafuko ya kisiasa na ya kijamii ambayo yalipeleka Roma hadi vipindi vya [[vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]]. ==Marejeo== * {{cite book |author=Frank Frost Abbott |year=1901 |title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions |publisher=Elibron Classics |isbn=0-543-92749-0 |authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * [[John Crook (classicist)|J. A. Crook]], ''Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212'', 1967 (ISBN 0-8014-9273-4). * [[Arther Ferrill]], ''The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 1988 (ISBN 0-500-27495-9). * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''The Complete Roman Army'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 2003 (ISBN 0-500-05124-0). * [[Benjamin Isaac]], "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" [[Oxford University Press]], 1992 (ISBN 0-19-814926-3). * [[Andrew Lintott]], ''Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration'', 1993 (ISBN 0-415-09375-9). * [[Edward Luttwak]], ''The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1976/1979 (ISBN 0-8018-2158-4). *{{Citation | last = Ritti | first = Tullia | last2 = Grewe | first2 = Klaus | last3 = Kessener | first3 = Paul | title = A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications | journal = Journal of Roman Archaeology | pages = 138–163 | volume = 20 | year = 2007 }} *{{Citation | last = Schnitter | first = Niklaus | title = Römische Talsperren | journal = Antike Welt | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 25–32 | year = 1978 }} *{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Norman | title = The Roman Dams of Subiaco | journal = Technology and Culture | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–68 | year = 1970 | doi=10.2307/3102810 }} *{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Norman | title = A History of Dams | place = London | publisher = Peter Davies | year = 1971 | pages = 25–49 | isbn = 0-432-15090-0 }} {{refend}} ==Marejeo mengine== * [[John Bagnell Bury]], ''A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius'', 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5 * [[Duncan B. Campbell|Duncan B Campbell]], ''The Rise of Imperial Rome, AD 14-193'', Osprey, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78096-280-1 * [[Winston Churchill]], ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7 * [[Edward Gibbon]], ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', 1776–1789 * [[Adrian Goldsworthy]]. ''In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire'', Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3 * [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]], ''The History of Rome'', [[Faber and Faber]], 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X * [[Antonio Santosuosso]], ''Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire'', Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X ==Viungo vya nje== {{Sister project links}} {{commons|Roman Empire}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans Romans for Children] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans |date=20090424072929 }}, a BBC website on ancient Rome for children at primary-school level. * [http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/html/index.html Rome Unleashed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/html/index.html |date=20140328210703 }}, interactive educational website on ancient Rome for students. * Interactive map of the Roman Empire at [http://vici.org/selectview.php?center=41.95132,12.521118&zoom=4&labels=2 Vici.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010202718/http://vici.org/selectview.php?center=41.95132,12.521118&zoom=4&labels=2 |date=2017-10-10 }} * [http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm Historical Atlas] showing the expansion of the Roman Empire. * [http://roman-empire.net/ Roman-Empire.net], learning resources and re-enactments. * [http://pbs.org/empires/romans/index.html The Roman Empire in the First Century] (PBS). * [http://www.unrv.com/ United Nations of Roma Victrix] * [http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/ The Romans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/ |date=20120415030316 }} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11745/ The Historical Theater in the Year 400 AD, in Which Both Romans and Barbarians Resided Side by Side in the Eastern Part of the Roman Empire] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11745/ |date=20131029201125 }} {{madola}} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roma, Dola la}} [[Jamii:Dola la Roma|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Asia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Asia]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] [[Jamii:Madola]] rpncgfnd9q2okpxhzn6qht1kgde1qmy Kupatwa kwa Jua 0 13796 1509600 1346282 2026-04-25T08:39:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Solar eclipse animate (2006-Mar-29).gif|thumb|<center>'''Kupatwa kwa Jua tar. 29 Machi 2006'''</center><br />Kupita kwa kivuli cha mwezi duniani wakati wa kupatwa kwa Jua. Watu katika eneo kubwa la giza waliona kupatwa kwa Jua kisehemu. Nukta nyeusi yaonyesha sehemu ya "[[umbra]]" ambako Jua lilipatwa kabisa. Duara kubwa zaidi ya kijivu linaonyesha maeneo katika "[[penumbra]]", yaani kivuli cha kando. <br /> "Central duration" inataja muda wa kupatwa kabisa kwenye kitovu cha kivuli; namba katika kona ya juu huonyesha saa za tarehe 29 Machi kupatwa kulipotokea.]] '''Kupatwa kwa Jua''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''solar eclipse'') ni hali ya [[Jua]] kutoonekana (au kuonekana kwa sehemu tu) [[Anga|angani]] wakati wa [[mchana]] kwa [[muda]] fulani hata pasipo [[mawingu]]. Kunatokea wakati [[Mwezi (gimba la angani)|mwezi]] unapita kati ya Jua na [[dunia]] na kufunika Jua. Tokeo lake ni kupungua kwa nuru ya Jua hadi kutoonekana kwa muda wa kufika kwa [[giza]] wakati wa mchana. Muda wa kufunikwa kabisa ni [[dakika]] chache tu. Kuna utofauti kati ya “Kupatwa kiasi” (ing. ''partial eclipse'') na “Kupatwa kikamilifu” (ing. ''total eclipse''). Kupatwa kwa Jua hutokea kila [[mwaka]], angalau mara [[mbili]] hadi mara [[tano]]. Lakini kupatwa kabisa kwa Jua hautokei zaidi kuliko mara mbili kwa mwaka.<ref>{{cite book | last = Littmann | first = Mark | coauthors = Fred Espenak, Ken Willcox | title = Totality: Eclipses of the Sun | url = https://archive.org/details/totalityeclipses00litt_550 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2008 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/totalityeclipses00litt_550/page/n34 18]–19 | isbn = 0199532095}}</ref><ref>Kupatwa kwa Jua kulitokea mara tano katika mwaka 1935 {{Cite book|chapterurl=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEcat5/SE1901-2000.html|last=[[NASA]]|chapter=Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses |date=6 September, 2009|title=[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html NASA Eclipse Web Site]|others=Fred Espenak, Project and Website Manager|accessdate=26 January 2010}}</ref>. Huonekana katika sehemu za Dunia pekee, si kote. == Misingi ya kupatwa kwa Jua == [[Picha:Kupatwa_kwa_Jua.png|thumb|left|]] Kupatwa kwa Jua kunatokea wakati Mwezi unapita kati ya Jua na Dunia. Hapo Jua, Mwezi na Dunia zinakaa kwenye mstari mmoja mnyoofu. Katika hali hiyo Mwezi hurusha [[kivuli]] chake kwenye uso wa Dunia. Kivuli hiki hakifuniki Dunia yote. Ni kama kinu kwenye uso wa Dunia. Nje ya kivuli hiki Jua linaonekana kwa sehemu au bila upungufu. Hali ya kupatwa kabisa kwa Jua inatazamwa kila mara kwenye mstari mwembamba kwenye uso wa Dunia, tena giza kabisa kwa muda mfupi. Mstari huu ni njia ya [[umbra]] au [[kitovu]] cha [[kivuli]] chake kwenye uso wa Dunia. Nje ya njia hii kupatwa kwa Jua kunaonekana kisehemu tu katika sehemu zinazoathiriwa na [[penumbra]] au kivuli cha kando cha Mwezi. Mbali na njia ya kivuli hiki Jua linaonekana kama kawaida. == Aina za kupatwa kwa Jua == Kuna aina mbalimbali za kupatwa kwa Jua. * kupatwa kikamilifu: Jua hupotea kabisa kwa dakika chache. Hali hii yaonekana kwenye ukanda mwembamba duniani pale ambako kitovu cha kivuli kinapita. * kupatwa kipete: mwezi huonekana mdogo kiasi kuliko Jua. Kwa hiyo [[duara]] la mwangaza wa Jua ni kubwa kuliko duara la Mwezi na [[mwanga]] wa Jua huonekana kama pete. * kupatwa kwa Jua kiasi: Katika eneo kubwa la kivuli cha kando watu huona upungufu wa mwanga; kiasi chake hutegemea [[umbali]] wa kitovu cha kivuli. Wakitazama Jua kwa kichujio, kwa mfano [[kioo]] kilichopakwa [[dohani]] kutoka [[moshi]] wa [[mshumaa]], huwa wanaona sehemu ya duara ya Jua imefunikwa. ==Mpito wa sayari== <small>angalia [[Mpito wa Zuhura]]</small> Wakati [[sayari]] inapita kati ya Jua na Dunia inafunika sehemu ya Jua. Tofauti haionekani kwa [[macho]] lakini inaweza kutazamwa kwa kutumia [[darubini]]. Kuna sayari mbili zinazoweza kupita mbele ya Jua kwa macho ya mtazamaji duniani, ni [[Utaridi]] ''(Mercury)'' na [[Zuhura]] ''(Venus)''. ==Tazama pia== *[[Kupatwa kwa Mwezi]] ==Marejeo== <references/> == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category}} *[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/OH2010.html#SE2010Jan15A Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010], [[Fred Espenak]], NASA *[http://www.hermit.org/Eclipse/ Detailed eclipse explanations and predictions], Hermit Eclipse *[http://www.zam.fme.vutbr.cz/~druck/Eclipse/ Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zam.fme.vutbr.cz/~druck/Eclipse/ |date=20210309153121 }} * [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEatlas/SEatlas.html World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Paths] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120714123918/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEatlas/SEatlas.html |date=2012-07-14 }}, Fred Espenak * [http://www.bareket-astro.com/eclipse/Camera2.html Solar eclipse time sequence] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bareket-astro.com/eclipse/Camera2.html |date=20170929020754 }} * [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/ NASA's Eclipse Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205065537/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/ |date=2012-12-05 }}, Fred Espenak * [http://www.shadowandsubstance.com/2009%200722%20SOLAR%20ECLIPSE/July%2022%202009%20Total%20Eclipse%20of%20the%20Sun.html Animated maps of past and future solar eclipses] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shadowandsubstance.com/2009%200722%20SOLAR%20ECLIPSE/July%2022%202009%20Total%20Eclipse%20of%20the%20Sun.html |date=20090530152142 }} * [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/5MCSE/xSE_Five_Millennium_Canon.html Search among the 11,898 solar eclipses over five millennium and display interactive maps] {{Wayback|url=http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/5MCSE/xSE_Five_Millennium_Canon.html |date=20220604083837 }} *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070610.html Looking Back at an Eclipsed Earth] 1999 August 11 from [[Mir]] EO-27 - Astronomy Picture of the Day 10 June 2007 * [http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/solarEclipse.html ''Animated explanation of the mechanics of a solar eclipse''] {{Wayback|url=http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/solarEclipse.html |date=20110821085259 }}, University of Glamorgan <!--*[http://www.pierpaoloricci.it/eventi/eclissi15-01-2010_eng.htm Solar eclipse 15 January 2010]--> * [http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/gallery.asp?Gallery=Eclipses&page=1 Eclipse Image Gallery at The World at Night] {{Wayback|url=http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/gallery.asp?Gallery=Eclipses&page=1 |date=20161015033303 }} === Usalama wa macho wakati wa kuangalia === *[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhelp/safety.html Eye Safety During Solar Eclipses] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120716084105/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhelp/safety.html |date=2012-07-16 }}, F. Espenak (NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]]) *[http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/eclipses/article_609_1.asp How to Watch a Partial Solar Eclipse Safely] {{Wayback|url=http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/eclipses/article_609_1.asp |date=20060316153544 }}, A. M. MacRobert (Sky & Telescope magazine) *[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/319/7208/469 UK hospitals assess eye damage after solar eclipse], British Medical Journal, August 21, 1999, p.&nbsp;319–469 {{mfumo wa jua}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:matukio ya angani]] 9gl2s8bh79530hmu0c92wxivlotxsfb Charles Bronson 0 14018 1509430 1418324 2026-04-24T13:22:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = DeepSkyBlue | jina = Charles Bronson | picha = Charles Bronson - 1966.JPG | maelezo_ya_picha = Charles Bronson (1973). | jina la kuzaliwa = Charles Dennis Buchinsky | alizaliwa = [[3 Novemba]] [[1921]]<br />[[Marekani]] | kafariki = [[30 Agosti]] [[2003]] | jina lingine = | kazi yake = | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = Harriet Tendler (1949-1967)<br /> Jill Ireland (1968-1990)<br /> Kim Weeks (1998-2003) | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Charles Bronson''' (jina la kuzaliwa ''Charles Dennis Buchinsky'',[[3 Novemba]] [[1921]] - [[30 Agosti]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]], alikuwa akiitwa "Mtu Shupavu". [[Filamu]] nyingi alipendelea kucheza kama askari mpelelezi, pia mpiganaji wa wa kutumia silaha katika [[filamu za western]] ambayo moja kati ya filamu hizo ni ile aliocheza na [[Henry Fonda]] chini ya uongozi wake [[Sergio Leone]] katika [[Once Upon a Time in the West]] iliyochezwa [[1968]]. ==Filamu alizoigiza== * ''The People Against O'Hara'' (1951) * ''The Mob'' (1951) * ''The Marrying Kind'' (1952) * ''My Six Convicts'' (1952) * ''Pat and Mike'' (1952) * ''Battle Zone'' (1952) * ''House of Wax'' (1953) * ''Crime Wave'' (1954) * ''Apache'' (1954) * ''Vera Cruz'' (1954) * ''Big House USA'' 1955 * ''Jubal'' (1956) * ''The Magnificent Seven'' (1960) * ''Master of the World'' (1961) * ''X-15'' (1961) * ''Kid Galahad'' (1962) * ''The Great Escape'' (1963) * ''4 for Texas'' (1963) * ''Battle of the Bulge'' (1965) * ''The Sandpiper'' (1965) * ''This Property Is Condemned'' (1966) * ''The Dirty Dozen'' (1967) * ''Honor Among Thieves'' (1968) * ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968) * ''Lola'' (1969) * ''Le Passager de la Pluie'' (1969) * ''The Family'' (1970) * ''Cold Sweat'' (1970) * ''Red Sun'' (1971) * ''Chato's Land'' (1972) * ''The Valachi Papers'' (1972) * ''The Mechanic'' (1972) * ''The Stone Killer'' (1973) * ''Chino'' (1974) * ''Mr. Majestyk'' (1974) * ''Death Wish'' (1974) * ''Breakout'' (1975) * ''Breakheart Pass'' (1975) * ''Hard Times'' (1975) * ''St. Ives'' (1976) * ''From Noon Till Three'' (1976) * ''Telefon'' (1977) * ''The White Buffalo'' (1977) * ''Raid on Entebbe'' (1977) * ''Love and Bullets'' (1979) * ''Borderline'' (1980) * ''Death Hunt'' (1981) * ''Death Wish II'' (1982) * ''10 to Midnight'' (1983) * ''The Evil That Men Do'' (1984) * ''Death Wish 3'' (1985) * ''Act of Vengeance'' (1985) * ''Murphy's Law (1986) * ''Assassination'' (1987) * ''Death Wish 4: The Crackdown'' (1987) * ''Messenger of Death'' (1988) * ''Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects'' (1988) * ''The Indian Runner'' (1991) * ''Death Wish V: The Face of Death'' (1994) == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb name|id=0000314|name=Charles Bronson}} * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hollywood_Republicans List of Hollywood Republicans] * [http://www.charlesbronson.info Tovuti Rasmi ya Charles Bronson ]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.charles-bronson.com Tovuti Rasmi ya Charles Bronson] {{Wayback|url=http://www.charles-bronson.com/ |date=20200121044402 }} * [http://www.charlesbronson.ca Tovuti Rasmi ya Charles Bronson ya Kanada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.charlesbronson.ca/ |date=20090414074305 }} * [http://charles-bronson.hp.infoseek.co.jp/menutop.htm Tovuti ya Mashabiki wa Charles ya Ujapani] {{Wayback|url=http://charles-bronson.hp.infoseek.co.jp/menutop.htm |date=20100428161146 }} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bronson, Charles}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu za Western]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] 9hxrr0cisw6bex4ho0dvd1ikbequbyl Igor Stravinsky 0 15879 1509551 1140717 2026-04-25T01:51:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Igor Stravinsky LOC 32392u.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Igor Stravinsky.]] '''Igor Stravinsky''' (alizaliwa mjini Oranienbaum (sasa hivi inaitwa Lomonosov) tar. [[17 Juni]] [[1882]] - mjini [[New York]], [[6 Aprili]] [[1971]]) alikuwa miongoni mwa watunzi muhimu kabisa wa [[karne ya 20]]. Igor ni mtu wa kutoka nchini [[Urusi]]. Wakati Mapinduzi ya [[Urusi]] yanaanza yeye alihamia nchini [[Switzerland]] na kisha mjini [[Paris]], na mwishowe, wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] ilipoanza mnamo mwaka wa [[1939]], akalekea tena nchini [[Marekani]]. == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMSLP |id=Stravinsky%2C_Igor|cname=Stravinsky}} * [[Philip Glass|Glass, Philip]]. 1999. [https://web.archive.org/web/20000601005316/http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/stravinsky.html "Igor Stravinsky" (''Time Magazine'' profile)] * [[Charles Hazlewood|Hazlewood, Charles]]. [n.d.] [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/discoveringmusic/ram/cdm0351stravfir.ram Discovering Music - The Firebird] * [http://www.pianola.org/history/history_stravinsky.cfm Stravinsky and the Pianola] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pianola.org/history/history_stravinsky.cfm |date=20140209235054 }} * [http://www.keepingscore.org/flash/stravinsky/index.html Multimedia Web Site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.keepingscore.org/flash/stravinsky/index.html |date=20090622031308 }} Keeping Score: Revolutions in Music: Stravinsky's ''Rite of Spring'' * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/classical/tchaikovsky/atoz/ Stravinsky A to Z] * Simeone, Lisa, with [[Robert Craft]] and [[Philip Glass]]. [http://www.npr.org/programs/specials/milestones/990416.motm.stravinsky.html ''Milestones of the Millennium'' (NPR show)] * van den Toorn, Pieter C. 1987. [http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft967nb647&brand=eschol Stravinsky and the Rite of Spring] === Baadhi ya rekodi zake === * Piano works performed by Alberto Cobo: ** [http://www.superopera.com/mp3/therecital/therecital.htm Three Movements from Petrushka] ** [http://www.superopera.com/Stra/stra.htm Sonata in F-sharp minor] ** [http://www.superopera.com/mp3/pclassics/pclassics.htm Sonata (1924)] ** [http://www.superopera.com/Stra_Tango/Stra_Tango.htm Tango] * Piano works performed by Felipe Martins: ** [http://www.agenciavitrae.com.br/felipemartins Le Sacre Du Printemps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.agenciavitrae.com.br/felipemartins |date=20080417213859 }} Arr. for Piano Solo by Sam Raphling * Three Pieces for Solo Clarinet, performed by Ted Gurch, clarinet: * [http://www.lunanova.org/podcasts/stravclar1.mp3 No. 1] * [http://www.lunanova.org/podcasts/stravclar2.mp3 No. 2] * [http://www.lunanova.org/podcasts/stravclar3.mp3 No. 3] {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stravinsky,Igor}} [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1882]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1971]] n9pcogphiaz9wk18rsld9br4rsdlq8e Dynamite Warrior 0 29096 1509490 1442930 2026-04-24T17:18:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Dynamite Warrior<BR>ฅนไฟบิน (Khon Fai Bin) | picha = Konfaibinposter.jpg | maelezo ya picha = The Thai movie poster. | mwongozaji = [[Chalerm Wongpim]] | mtayarishaji = [[Prachya Pinkaew]] | mtunzi = | nyota = [[Dan Chupong]]<br>[[Panna Rittikrai]] | muziki na = | cinematografa = | mhariri = | msambazaji = [[Sahamongkol Film International]]<br>[[Magnolia Pictures]] | imetolewa = Thailanda<br> [[21 Desemba]] [[2006]]<br>Marekani<br> [[28 Juni]] [[2007]] | muda = | nchi = [[Thailand]] | lugha = [[Kithai]] | bajeti = | ilitanguliwa na = | ikafuatiwa na = }} '''''Dynamite Warrior''''' ([[Kithai]]: '''ฅนไฟบิน''' au '''''Khon Fai Bin''''') ni filamu ya [[Uthai|Kithailand]] ya kimartial arts ya mwaka wa 2006. Filamu imeongozwa na [[Chalerm Wongpim]] na nyota wa filamu hii ni [[Dan Chupong]] (kutoka katika filamu ya ''[[Born to Fight]]''). ==Hadithi== Hadithi ipo kwenye seti ya miaka ya 1890 ya [[Thailand|Siam]].<ref name = "SRT">Lord Waeng mentions that the railway to [[Nakhon Ratchasima|Korat]] has been newly opened, placing the time frame of the story sometime in the 1890s. ([http://www.railway.co.th/English/History.asp Historical background] {{Wayback|url=http://www.railway.co.th/English/History.asp |date=20070129053850 }}, [[:en:State Railway of Thailand|State Railway of Thailand]], 29 Desemba 2006.)</ref> Siang ([[Dan Chupong]]) ni bwana shujaa wa [[Muay Thai]] na mtaalamu wa [[:en:Rocket Festival|rocket]] ambaye anarudisha nyati maji walioibiwa kutoka kwa wakulima maskini wa [[Isan]] na waiba ng'ombe wa kimabavu. Anamtafuta mtu mwenye alama ya tatoo ambaye ndiye aliyeua wazazi wake. Diwani mmoja wa serikali za mitaa, Lord Waeng (Phutiphong Sriwat), anataka kuunda soko lake la matrekta ya mvuke, hivyo amemkodi pumbavu moja lililofungwa kwa fujo na wizi, "Jizi" (Somdet Kaewleu), kuwaua wafanyabiashara wote wa ng'ombe na kukusanya nyati maji wote na kuwachinja, anachukua wanyama wanawafanyia kazi wakulima ambao wanatumia kwa ajili ya kulimia mchele. Watu wa Lord Waeng wakajikuta wanatia huruma dhidi ya Nai Hoi Sing (Samart Payakaroon), mfanyabiashara wa ng'ombe mwenye nguvu za kichawi za martial arts na tatoo kifuani kwake. Tatoo zile zikamfanya Siang kuwa tayari, na wakati Jizi linajaribu kuiba mifugo ya Sing, Siang ghafla akamvamia Sing, lakini alishindwa. Baada ya jaribio lile la kuiba ng'ombe wa Sing kushindwa, Waeng akaamua kwenda kumtaka ushauri bwana anayeitwa Mchawi Mweusi ([[Panna Ritikrai]]), ambaye awali alilaaniwa na Sing hivyo hawezi kuhimili mwanga wa jua, na hiyo ilikuwa njia pekee ya kuweza kumshinda Sing. Lile Chawi Jeusi likasema: njia pekee ya kurejesha nguvu zake za awali ni kutumia damu ya hedhi ya mwanamke bikra – ambayo ilitolewa kwa binti wake mwenye yule Chawi Jeusi, E'Sao ([[Kanyaphak Suwankut]]). Baada ya kufanikiwa kutengeneza dawa wa kuweza kumwangamiza Sing, kazi ya kupambana naye ilifanywa na Siang mwenyewe kwa sababu yeye alikuwa akiamini kwamba Siang ndiye aliyewaua wazazi wake. Kumbe, haikuwa hivyo - Sing ndiye aliyemwokoa na kumpeleka katika nyumba za ibada ya Mabudha na baadaye kufunzwa namna ya kupambana. Baadaye, Siang anaonekana kwenda kupamba na yule diwani, huku diwani akipata msaada mkubwa kutoka kwa lile Chawi Jeusi. Shughuli haikuwa ndogo ya kuondoshwa tawala hii, kwani hata yule diwani naye alikuwa keshaanza kujua kutumia nguvu za giza. Mwishowe yule bwana Sing (mfanyabiashara wa ng'ombe) akampa nguvu zake za kichawi bwana mdogo Siang ili aweze kummaliza Chawi Jeusi. Kwa nguvu hizo, alifanikwa kuwangusha wote wawili. Picha inaishia katika jengo jipya la diwani. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * {{official|http://www.konfaibin.com/|Dynamite Warrior<BR>ฅนไฟบิน (Khon Fai Bin)}} * {{imdb title|0963915|Dynamite Warrior<BR>ฅนไฟบิน (Khon Fai Bin)}} * {{Amg movie|382655|Dynamite Warrior<BR>ฅนไฟบิน (Khon Fai Bin)}} ===Tovuti mbalimbali=== * [http://www.konfaibin.com/ Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.konfaibin.com/ |date=20061206032902 }} (in Thai and English) **[http://www.konfaibin.com/trailer/konfaibin_trailer.wmv Trailer (WMV)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.konfaibin.com/trailer/konfaibin_trailer.wmv |date=20070930043214 }} * {{imdb title|id=0963915|title=Khon fai bin}} * {{Amg movie|382655|Dynamite Warrior}} * {{rotten-tomatoes|id=1178560-dynamite_warrior|title=Dynamite Warrior}} * {{Metacritic film|id=dynamitewarrior|title=Dynamite Warrior}} * ''[http://www.mrqe.com/lookup?Dynamite+Warrior Dynamite Warrior]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' at the [[Movie Review Query Engine]] * {{Mojo title|id=dynamitewarrior|title=Dynamite Warrior}} ===Makala na ripoti=== * [http://www.coffeecoffeeandmorecoffee.com/archives/2006/12/konfaibin.html Review by Peter Nellhaus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.coffeecoffeeandmorecoffee.com/archives/2006/12/konfaibin.html |date=20090922121423 }} * [http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/12/21/entertainment/entertainment_30022154.php High-kicking cowboys from Isaan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/12/21/entertainment/entertainment_30022154.php |date=20090712031452 }} at ''[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]]'' ===Picha=== * [http://www.twitchfilm.net/archives/008127.html Khon Fai Bin (Dynamite Warrior) Posters] {{Wayback|url=http://www.twitchfilm.net/archives/008127.html |date=20090710104016 }} at Twitch * [http://www.twitchfilm.net/archives/008502.html Dynamite Warrior sales reel] {{Wayback|url=http://www.twitchfilm.net/archives/008502.html |date=20090726125411 }} at Twitch * '''(Thai)''' [http://www.deknang.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=493&Itemid=2 Production stills at Deknang] {{Wayback|url=http://www.deknang.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=493&Itemid=2 |date=20090712092551 }} {{-}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2006]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Uthai]] emthncvv9b72aitoubtpnc3nnx0bjwp Sibusiso Zuma 0 34599 1509583 1319939 2026-04-25T06:30:20Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing Zuma.JPG with [[File:Sibusiso_Wiseman_Zuma.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). 1509583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox | playername= Sibusiso Zuma | fullname = Sibusiso Wiseman Zuma<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.faz.net/s/RubFB1F9CD53135470AA600A7D04B278528/Doc~EE805AC372F05419DA066248038A0A8FA~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html?rss_googlefeed_sport | title = Aus dem WM-Test wird die Abschiedsvorstellung des Trainers | publisher = faz.net | accessdate = 14 Oktoba 2008 | date = 7 Septemba 2005 | author = Sven Gartung | language = German}}</ref> | image = [[Image:Sibusiso Wiseman Zuma.jpg|250px]] | dateofbirth = {{birth date and age|1975|6|23|df=y}} | cityofbirth = [[Durban]] | countryofbirth = [[South Africa]] | height = {{height|m=1.80}} | currentclub = [[FC Nordsjælland]] | clubnumber = 10 | position = [[Striker]],<br>[[Attacking midfielder]],<br>Right-winger | youthyears = | youthclubs = Mighty Pa | years = 1995–1998<br>1998–2000<br>2000–2005<br>2005–2008<br>2008–2009<br>2009- | clubs =[[African Wanderers]]<br>[[Orlando Pirates]]<br>[[FC København]]<br>[[Arminia Bielefeld]]<br>[[Mamelodi Sundowns]]<br>[[FC Nordsjælland]] | caps(goals) ={{0}}71 (29)<br>{{0}}70 (37)<br>145 (40)<br>{{0}}69 {{0}}(8)<br>{{0}}12 {{0}}(1)<br>{{0}}{{0}}4 {{0}}(1) | nationalyears = 1998–2008 | nationalteam = [[South Africa national football team|South Africa]] | nationalcaps(goals) = {{0}}67 (13) | pcupdate = 10 Novemba 2009 | ntupdate = 13 Mei 2009 | jinalamchezaji = Sibusiso Zuma | picha = [[Image:Sibusiso Wiseman Zuma.jpg|250px]] | jinakamili = | tareheyakuzaliwa = | mjialiozaliwa = | nchialiozaliwa = | urefu = | nafasi = | klabuyasasa = | nambayaklabu = | miakayavijana = | klabuzavijana = | miaka = | vilabu = | caps(goals) = | miakayataifa = | timuyataifa = | nationalcaps(goals) = | pcupdate = | ntupdate = }} '''Sibusiso Wiseman Zuma''' (amezaliwa [[Durban]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[23 Juni]] [[1975]]) alikuwa [[mwanakandanda]] mtaalamu wa [[Afrika Kusini]] anayeichezea klabu ya kandanda ya Kideni Superliga inayoitwa FC Nordsjælland. ==Wasifu== Zuma ilianza wasifi wake katika klabu za Afrika Kusini kama vile Mighty Pa, African Wanderers na [[Orlando Pirates]]. Mwezi Juni mwaka wa 2000, alijiunga na klabu ya Kideni ya FC København, ambapo alijiendeleza kama mchezaji. Aliisaidia klabu yake kushinda taji la ligi ya Kideni kwa mara yake ya pili na aliteuliwa kuingia katika “hall of fame” ya klabu kutokana na jitihada zake bora katika msimu wa 2004-05, na mwaka wa 2001 Zuma aliteuliwa katika nafasi ya 29 katika tuzo la mwanakandanda bora wa FIFA wa mwaka wa 2001. Baada ya miaka 5 ½ katika klabu ya FC København, Sibusiso Zuma aliuzwa kwa klabu ya Bundesliga, ambayo ni ya ligi ya Kijerumani, Arminia Bielefeld kwa kitita cha yuro milioni moja mnamo Julai 2005. ===Mamelodi Sundowns=== Mnamo 21 Juni 2008 Sibusiso Zuma alisainiwa na klabu ya Afrika Kusini ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns]]. Kisha aliachiliwa katika majira ya joto ya mwaka wa 2009 na mnamo Oktoba mwakwa wa 2009 alikuwa na kipindi cha majaribio na klabu ya FC Nordsjælland, [8] hatimaye kusainiwa na klabu hiyo. ===FC Nordsjælland=== Mnamo 16 Oktoba alisaini mkataba wa mwaka mmoja na klabu ya Kideni ya FC Nordsjælland. Mnamo 8 Novemba 2009 Zuma alifunga bao lake la kwanza la FC Nordsjælland katika ushinid wa klabu wa 1-0 dhidi ya SønderjyskE. ==Wasifu wa Kimataifa== Yeye ameiwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika mechi 67. Aliicheza nchi yake katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la mwaka wa 2002. Zuma alikuwa nahodha wa timu ya kitaifa ya Afrika Kusini katika mashindano ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] mwaka wa 2006. ==Historia== Pia anajulikana kama "Zuma the Puma" kwa wafuasi wa klabu na "Puma" inaonekana kwa jesi lake badala ya "Zuma" katika mchezo wa komputa maarufu kama “video game” ijulikanayo kama ''Pro Evolution Soccer 2009'' . ===Tukio=== Mnamo 25 Juni 2007 iliripotiwa kuwa Zuma alikuwa amehusika katika tukio katika nchi yake ya nyumba ya Afrika Kusini. Baada ya ugomvi mkali kulikuwa na madai kwamba alitishia kuwapiga risasi kundi la watu katika sherehe katika sehemu ya Kokstad. Polisi wa mtaa walichunguza hali hiyo na Zuma alizuiwa kuondoka nchini kwa muda, lakini hakuna mashtaka yalitolewa. ==Marejeo== * [http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/article.php/id-7372450.html] {{Wayback|url=http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/article.php/id-7372450.html |date=20070630092453 }} * [http://www.mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/&articleid=311004] {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zuma, Sibusiso}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Durban]] 7gq0x6z9dxzmlb153phqfamhew60mn6 Gangsta's Paradise (wimbo) 0 55125 1509521 1335339 2026-04-24T21:35:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Single infobox | | Jina = Gangsta's Paradise | Cover = Gangsta's_paradise.jpg | Msanii = [[Coolio]] akishirkiana na [[L.V.]] | Albamu = [[Gangsta's Paradise]], [[Dangerous Minds (kibwagizo)|Dangerous Minds OST]] ''na'' [[I Am L.V.]] | Imetolewa = 9 Agosti 1995 | Muundo = [[CD single]], [[Cassette single|cassette]], 12-inch single | Imerekodiwa = 1995 | Aina = [[West Coast hip hop]], [[Gangsta rap]] | Urefu = 4:00 | Studio = [[Tommy Boy Records]] | Mtunzi = [[Coolio]]<br />[[Doug Rasheed]]<br />[[L.V.|Larry Sanders]]<br />[[Stevie Wonder]] | Mtayarishaji = [[Doug Rasheed]] | Certification = 3x Platinum <small>([[RIAA]])</small> | Mwenendo = [[Coolio]] single | Single iliyopita = "It Takes a Thief Bitch"<br/>(1994) | Single ya sasa = "'''Gangsta's Paradise'''"<br/>(1995) | Single ijayo = "Mama I'm in Love wit a Gangsta"<br/>(1995) | Misc = }} "'''Gangsta's Paradise'''" ni wimbo wa [[rap]] ulioimbwa na [[Coolio]] akimshirikisha [[L.V.]]. Wimbo umetengenezwa ukiwa kama kibwagizo cha filamu ya ''[[Dangerous Minds]]'' ([[1995]]). Wimbo huu baadaye ukaja kutolewa kwenye mbili tofauti. Moja ''[[Gangsta's Paradise]]'' na [[Dangerous Minds (kibwagizo)|Kibwagizo cha ''Dangerous Minds'']] mnamo mwaka wa 1995. Coolio alitunzwa [[Grammy]] kwa ajili ya wimbo huu na albamu yake kwa ujumla. Wimbo ulipigiwa kura ukiwa kama single bora ya mwaka na tahakiki za ''[[The Village Voice]]'' [[Pazz & Jop]]. Wimbo umechukua sampuli ya kiitikio na mandhari ya wimbo mzima wa "[[Pastime Paradise]]" wa [[Stevie Wonder]] (1976). Wonder aliuimba wimbo huu akiwa na Coolio na L.V. kwenye Tuzo za Billboard mnamo 1995. Wimbo huu pia umeorodheshwa nafasi ya 69 kwenye orodha ya ''Nyimbo Kali za Muda Wote za Billboard''<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526063007/www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top100-titles-70.shtml Billboard.com - Billboard's Greatest Songs of All Time]</ref> na single nambari moja iliyouza vizuri mwaka 1995 kwenye chati za ''Billboard''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1995.htm |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-09-25 |archive-date=2020-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222343/https://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1995.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2008, umepewa nafasi ya 38 kwenye orodha ya Nyimbo Kali 100 za Hip Hop za VH1. ==Orodha ya nyimbo== ; CD single # "Gangsta's Paradise" — 4:00 # "Gangsta's Paradise" (instrumental) — 3:49 ; CD single bonus tracks # "Gangsta's Paradise" - 4:02 # "Fantastic Voyage (Original Version)" - 4:05 # "Mama I'm In Love Wit A Gangsta (Clean Radio Mix)" - 4:09 # "Gangsta's Paradise (Instrumental)" - 3:50 ; CD maxi # "Gangsta's Paradise" — 4:00 # "Gangsta's Paradise" (instrumental) — 3:49 # "Fantastic Voyage" (album version) <small>by Coolio</small> — 4:04 == Chat na mauzo== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Nafasi iliyoshika=== {|class="wikitable sortable" !Chati (1995/96) !Nafasi<br />iliyoshika |- |[[ARIA Charts|Australian Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts">"Gangsta's Paradise", in various singles charts [http://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?key=3110&cat=s Lescharts.com] (Retrieved 21 Februari 2008)</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Austrian Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Ultratop 50|Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Ultratop 40|Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Dutch Top 40]]<ref name="Dutch">{{cite web |url=http://www.top40.nl/pdf/Top%20100/top%20100%20-%201995.pdf |title=Single top 100 over 1995 |publisher=Top40 |language=Dutch |format=pdf |accessdate=19 Aprili 2010 |archive-date=2011-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206105203/http://top40.nl/pdf/Top%20100/top%20100%20-%201995.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Eurochart Hot 100]] |align="center"|1 |- |Finnish Singles Chart<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[SNEP|French SNEP Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[German Singles Chart]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Coolio singles, German Singles Chart |url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Coolio/single |publisher=musicline |language=German |accessdate=19 Aprili 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001201512/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Coolio/single |archivedate=2012-10-01 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Irish Singles Chart]]<ref>Irish Single Chart [http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement Irishcharts.ie] (Retrieved 21 Februari 2008)</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Italian Singles Chart]] |align="center"|1 |- |New Zealand [[RIANZ]] Singles Chart<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Norwegian Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Swedish Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Swiss Singles Chart]]<ref name="Lescharts"/> |align="center"|1 |- |[[UK Singles Chart]]<ref>"Gangsta's Paradise", UK Singles Chart [http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=23489 Chartstats.com] (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref name="Billboard">Billboard [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/coolio-p44721 Allmusic.com] (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|1 |- ||U.S. ''Billboard'' [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks]]<ref name="Billboard"/> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. ''Billboard'' [[Rhythmic Top 40]]<ref name="Billboard"/> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. ''Billboard'' [[Top 40 Mainstream]]<ref name="Billboard"/> |align="center"|17 |- |} {{col-2}} ===Chazi-za-mwisho-wa-mwaka=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Chati za mwisho wa mwaka (1995) !Nafasi |- |Australian Singles Chart<ref>1995 Australian Singles Chart [http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-50-singles-1995.htm aria.com] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart<ref>1995 Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart [http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=1995 Ultratop.be] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart<ref>1995 Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart [http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=1995 Ultratop.be] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|6 |- |Dutch Top 40<ref name="Dutch"/> |align="center"|23 |- |French Singles Chart<ref>1995 French Singles Chart [http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/monopage.xml?id=259376&year=1995 Disqueenfrance.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/monopage.xml?id=259376&year=1995 |date=20120307201551 }} (Retrieved 30 Januari 2009)</ref> |align="center"|7 |- |U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite web|url=http://longboredsurfer.com/charts.php?year=1995|title=Billboard Top 100 - 1995|accessdate=2010-08-27|archivedate=2009-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815124541/http://longboredsurfer.com/charts.php?year=1995|https://web.archive.org/web/20090815124541/http://longboredsurfer.com/charts.php?year=1995|=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815124541/http://longboredsurfer.com/charts.php?year=1995}}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- !End of year chart (1996) !Position |- |Austrian Singles Chart<ref>1996 Austrian Singles Chart [http://austriancharts.at/statistic_1996.asp Austriancharts.at] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|6 |- |Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart<ref>1996 Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart [http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=1996 Ultratop.be] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|16 |- |Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart<ref>1996 Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart [http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=1996 Ultratop.be] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|8 |- |Swiss Singles Chart<ref>1996 Swiss Singles Chart [http://hitparade.ch/year.asp?key=1996 Hitparade.ch] (Retrieved 20 Aprili 2008)</ref> |align="center"|15 |- |} {{col-end}} ===Thibitisho=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Nchi !Thibitisho !Tarehe !Thibitisho la mauzo |- |Austria<ref>Austrian certifications [http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin ifpi.at] (Retrieved 1 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|8 Januari 1996 |align="center"|30,000 |- |Germany<ref>German certifications [http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Gangsta%27s+Paradise musikindustrie.de] (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|2 x Platinum |align="center"|1996 |align="center"|1,000,000 |- |Netherlands<ref>Dutch certifications [http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461#resultaat nvpi.nl] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461#resultaat |date=20110514050947 }} (Retrieved 9 Desemba 2008)</ref> |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|1995 |align="center"|60,000 |- |Norway<ref>Norwegian certifications [http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm Ifpi.no] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |date=20110510083043 }} (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|4 x Platinum |align="center"|1996 |align="center"|40,000 |- |UK<ref>UK certifications [http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx Bpi.co.uk] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=20171006162141 }} (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|1 Novemba 1995 |align="center"|600,000 |- |U.S.<ref>U.S. certifications [http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH riaa.com] (Retrieved 4 Agosti 2008)</ref> |align="center"|3 x Platinum |align="center"|23 Februari 1996 |align="center"|3,000,000 |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/coolio_main.htm Rock on the Net] {{Coolio}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1995]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Coolio]] aswl0n90p8saipz0eb5em02lw92e1f9 Jimbo Kuu la Kampala 0 80677 1509567 1157997 2026-04-25T04:07:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509567 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Cath Cathedral of Kampala.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Bikira Maria|Mtakatifu Maria]].]] {{Kanisa Katoliki}} '''Jimbo Kuu la Kampala''' (kwa [[Kilatini]] Archidioecesis Kampalaensis) ni mojawapo kati ya ma[[dayosisi|jimbo]] 20 ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] nchini [[Uganda]] na kama hayo yote linafuata [[mapokeo ya Kiroma]]. Kikanisa lina majimbo ya [[Jimbo Katoliki la Kasana-Luweero|Kasana-Luweero]] na [[Jimbo Katoliki la Kiyinda-Mityana|Kiyinda-Mityana]], [[Jimbo Katoliki la Lugazi|Lugazi]] na [[Jimbo Katoliki la Masaka|Masaka]] chini yake. [[Askofu mkuu]] wake wa mwisho, [[Cyprian Kizito Lwanga]], amefariki mwaka 2021, hivyo jimbo kwa sasa halina [[askofu]]. ==Takwimu== Eneo ni la [[kilometa mraba]] 3,644, ambapo kati ya wakazi 3,950,800 ([[2013]]) Wakatoliki ni 1,660,500 (42.0%). ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkamp.html Catholic Hierarchy] * {{en}} [http://www.klarchdiocese.org.ug/ Tovuti rasmi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.klarchdiocese.org.ug/ |date=20120423053328 }} * {{la}} [http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-45-1953-ocr.pdf Hati ''Quemadmodum ad Nos''], AAS 45 (1953), uk. 705 * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/camp0.htm] [[Category:Kanisa Katoliki Uganda|Kampala]] {{mbegu-katoliki}} [[Jamii:Kampala]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Kampala]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Mpigi]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Wakiso]] rlsp5avvd031f9djckusk1m8yg2nei4 Calestous Juma 0 95455 1509378 1431128 2026-04-24T12:29:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calestous Juma''' (Juni 9, 1953 – Desemba 15, 2017) alikuwa mvumbuzi na mtafiti wa sayansi kutoka nchini [[Kenya]] aliyefundisha kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]], [[Marekani]]. Katika maisha yake kama mtafiti na mwalimu wa chuo alishughulika maswali ya sayansi, teknolojia na maendeleo endelevu na hasa maswali ya [[biotekinolojia]] na [[bioanwai]]. Alikazia njia za kuleta uvumbuzi kwa kilimo barani Afrika.<ref>[http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=723&lang=en Biography of C Juma] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=723&lang=en |date=20171004025748 }}, tovuti ya African Success, iliangaliwa Desemba 2017</ref> ==Maisha yake<ref>[https://apps.hks.harvard.edu/faculty/cv/calestousjuma.pdf CV Calestous Juma]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, tovuti ya Chuo cha Harvard, iliangaliwa Desemba 2017</ref> == Calestous Juma alikulia katika fukwe za [[Ziwa Viktoria]] ambako alipata elimu ya msingi akasoma shule ya sekondari ya Port Victoria (Bunyala - Busia). Aliendelea kusoma ualimu kwenye Chuo cha Ualimu Egoji, Meru. 1974 hadi 1978 alikuwa mwalimu wa shule huko Mombasa kabla ya kujiunga na gazeti la [[Daily Nation]], Nairobi alipoandika kuhusu mambo ya Sayansi na Mazingira. Baadaye Juma alijiunga na taasisi ya Environment Liaison Centre International inayojihusisha na mambo ya mazingira. Hapa alikuwa mhariri wa jarida la ''Ecoforum''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ecoforumjournal.org/ | title = Tovuti ya Ecoforum|accessdate=2017-12-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226070352/http://www.ecoforumjournal.org/ |archivedate=2017-12-26 }}</ref>. 1982-1987 aliendela na masomo kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Sussex, Uingereza alipopata shahada ya [[uzamili]] katika fani ya Sayansi, Teknolojia na Viwanda halafu ya [[uzamivu]] wa sayansi kutoka idara ya utafiti ya sayansi za siasa. Aliendelea kuandika juu ya maeneo mbalimbali kwenye masuala ya sayansi, teknolojia na maendeleo endelevu. Tangu 1984 alichukua nafasi kama mtafiti katika taasisi na miradi mbalimbali aliposhughulika hasa maswali ya [[biotekinolojia]]. ==Uongozi== Mnamo mwaka 1988, Calestous Juma alianzisha Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Teknolojia ([[:en:African Centre for Technology Studies]]) mjini Nairobi, taasisi ya kwanza ya kiutafiti ya kujitegema katika Afrika.<ref name="Juma_Harvard_2012">{{citation |url=https://apps.hks.harvard.edu/faculty/cv/calestousjuma.pdf |format=PDF |date=November 2012 |title=Calestous Juma |pages=27 |accessdate=January 22, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{rp|6}}. 1995 - 1998 aliteuliwa kuwa katibu mtendaji wa ofisi kuu ya [[Mapatano ya Kimataifa kuhusu Bioanuwai]] (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity)<ref>[https://www.cbd.int/secretariat/former-es/default.shtml Former executive secretaries], tovuti ya Mapatano kuhusu Bioanwai CBD, iliangaliwa Desemba 2017</ref> iliyoanzishwa kwa kufuatilia maazimio ya [[Kongamano ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Mazingira na Maendeleo]] mjini Rio de Janeiro mwaka 1992 ''([[:en:United Nations Conference on Environment and Development|United Nations Conference on Environment and Development]], Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit)''. Mwaka 1998 alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard alipoitwa kuwa mshauri wa Harvard Center for International Development, tangu 1999 kuongoza Mradi wa Sayansi, Tekinolojia na Uvumbuzi. Tangu 2002 alikuwa profesa wa Maendeleo ya Kimataifa kwenye Idara ya Sayansi ya Siasa na Utawala wa Umma (Harvard Kennedy School). Hapo aliongoza pia miradi ya Uvumbuzi wa Kilimo katika Afrika na Sayansi, Tekinolojia na Utandawazi. ==Heshima na tuzo== Calestous Juma alikuwa mtu aliyetambuliwa na mamlaka zinazotambulika kimataifa katika masuala ya matumizi ya sayansi na teknolojia ili kuleta maendeleo endelevu duniani kote.<ref>name="List of Fellows">{{Rejea tovuti| title = List of Fellows|url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows|accessdate=2017-12-16|archivedate=2016-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows}}</ref> Aliwahi kutambuliwa na jarida la kiafrika liitwalo (the ''New African'' magazine) kuwa mmoja kati ya watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa barani Africa mnamo mwaka 2012, 2013 na 2014. Alikuwa profesa wa utekelezaji wa maendeleo kimataifa na alikuwa mkuu wa kitengo cha Ubunifu kwaajili ya mpango mkakati wa maendeleo ya kiuchumi huko [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]]. Kitabu chake cha hivi karibuni kiitwacho ''The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa'' kilichapishwa na [[Oxford University Press]] mnamo mwaka 2011.<ref name=harvest>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Juma|first=Calestous| title = The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa| date = Januari 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0199783199|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6l5HziiKlmgC}}</ref><ref name=harvesthks>{{Rejea tovuti| title = The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa|url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20504/new_harvest.html|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|accessdate=27 April 2014|archivedate=2017-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112183424/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20504/new_harvest.html}}</ref> Kwa kutambua wasifu wake huo, Juma aliweza kuchaguliwa na vitivo mbalimbali vikiwemo [[Royal Society of London]], [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]], [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS), uingereza [[Royal Academy of Engineering]], the [[African Academy of Sciences]] na the [[New York Academy of Sciences]]. Nchini Kenya alipokea tuzo la Mkuki wa Moto. Mwaka 2015 Juma alikoselewa baada ya kuonekana alishirikiana na kampuni ya [[Monsanto]] kutetea mazao yaliyobadilishwa kinasaba (''genetically modified crops'') katika makala mbalimbali bila kuonyesha<ref>[https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/12/09/global-risks-of-rejecting-agricultural-biotechnology/ Global Risks of Rejecting Agricultural Biotechnology] , tovuti ya geneticliteracyproject.org, iliangaliwa Desemba 2017</ref> mawasiliano yake na Monsanto. Alijitetea kuwa hakupokea malipo kwa makala husika<ref>[http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/01/harvard-professor-failed-disclose-monsanto-connection-paper-touting-gmos/lLJipJQmI5WKS6RAgQbnrN/story.html Harvard professor failed to disclose connection], tovuti ya Boston Globe, toleo la 1 Oktoba 2015, iliangaliwa Desemba 2017</ref>. Calestous Juma alikuwa na matatizo ya kiafya tangu mnamo 2015. Tarehe 15 Desemba 2017 aliaga dunia mjini [[Boston]].<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201712160001.html Harvard Professor Calestous Juma, Born in Kenya, Dies in U.S.], tovuti ya allafrica.com, ya tar. 16 December 2017</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya]] cdrmgr61kw5vblfuu3xpqlmbkd6ujj3 Careless Whisper 0 99376 1509380 1431229 2026-04-24T12:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | Jina = Careless Whisper | Cover = Careless Whisper UK single.jpg | Alt = | Caption = | Msanii = [[George Michael]] | Albamu = [[Make It Big]] | Imetolewa = {{start date|1984|7|24|df=yes}} | Imerekodiwa = 1984 | Muundo = {{hlist|[[Mini CD single|3" CD]]|[[Gramophone record|7"]]|[[12-inch single|12"]]|[[cassette single|cassette]]|[[CD single|CD]]}} | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|first= Ted |last= Greenwald |year= 1992 | title = Rock and Roll: The Music, Musicians, and the Mania|page= 31 |publisher= Mallard Press}}</ref> | Urefu = 6'30 {{small|(album version)}} | 5'04 {{small|(single version)}} | Studio = {{hlist|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Sony Music|Sony]]}} | Mtayarishaji = George Michael | Mtunzi = {{hlist|George Michael|[[Andrew Ridgeley]]}} | Misc = {{Extra chronology | Artist = [[George Michael]] singles | Type = single | Last single = | Single ya sasa="'''Careless Whisper'''"<br />(1984) | Single ijayo="[[A Different Corner]]"<br />(1986) }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|izGwDsrQ1eQ|"Careless Whisper"}}}} }} "'''Careless Whisper'''" ni wimbo wenye mahadhi ya ballad na pop kutoka kwa mtunzi na mwimbaji wa [[Uingereza]] [[George Michael]] na mshirika mwenzake wa Wham! Andrew Ridgeley (wakati mwingine huitwa "[[Wham!]] wakishirikiana na George Michael" huko nchini Japani, Kanada na Marekani). Wimbo ulitolewa mnamo 24 Julai 1984, kupitia studio za [[Epic Records]] kwa nchini Uingereza, Japani na nchi nyengine, na kwa Amerika ya Kaskazini kazi ilisambazwa na [[Columbia Records]]. Wimbo huu ndio wa kwanza kwa George Michael kutoa akiwa kama msanii wa kujitegemea, ijapokuwa alikuwa bado anatumbuiza na Wham! wakati huo maana hata wimbo umetiwa kwenye albamu ya Wham! ''[[Make It Big]]''). Wimbo una saxofoni maarufu, na umepata kurudiwa na wasanii kadha wa kadha tangu kutolewa kwake. Wimbo ulitolewa kama singo na ukaja kubamba ile mbaya katika soko kote Atlantiki na Pasifiki. Wimbo ulishika nafasi ya kwanza katika takriban 25, huku ukiuza nakala milioni sita dunia nzima – milioni pekee ikiwa Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/10139404/George-Michael-50-years-in-numbers.html | title = George Michael: 50 years in numbers|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=28 January 2016| date = 25 Juni 2013}}</ref> ==Orodha ya nyimbo== {{track listing | all_writing = [[George Michael]] and [[Andrew Ridgeley]] | headline = 7": Epic / A 4603 (UK) | title1 = Careless Whisper | note1 = Single Edit | length1 = 5:04 | title2 = Careless Whisper | note2 = Instrumental | length2 = 5:02 }} {{track listing | headline = 12": Epic / TA4603 (UK) | title1 = Careless Whisper | note1 = Extended Mix | length1 = 6:31 | title2 = Careless Whisper | note2 = Instrumental | length2 = 5:02 }} {{track listing | headline = 12": Columbia / 44-05170 (US) | title1 = Careless Whisper | note1 = Extended Mix | length1 = 6:20 | title2 = Careless Whisper | note2 = Instrumental | length2 = 4:52 }} {{track listing | headline = 12": Columbia Promotional / AS-1980 (US) | title1 = Careless Whisper | note1 = | length1 = 4:50 | title2 = Careless Whisper | note2 = | length2 = 4:50 }} {{track listing | headline = 12" maxi: Epic / QTA 4603 (UK) – Special Edition | title1 = Careless Whisper | note1 = Extended Mix | length1 = 6:31 | title2 = Careless Whisper | note2 = [[Jerry Wexler]] Special Version | length2 = 5:34 | title3 = Careless Whisper | note3 = Condensed Instrumental Version | length3 = 4:52 }} *Angalizo: Extended Mix inafanana na toleo la katika ''Make It Big''. ==Waliohusika== *Sauti – [[George Michael]] *Saxofoni – [[Steve Gregory]] *Besi – [[Deon Estus]] *Battery – [[Trevor Morrell]] *Piano ya umeme, kinanda – [[Anne Dudley]] *Gitaa la umeme – [[Hugh Burns (mwanamuziki)|Hugh Burns]] *Tumba – [[Danny Cummings]] *Gitaa kavu - Fernando Da Costa == Chati == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati za kila wiki === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chati (1984–2017) ! scope="col"| Nafasi<br>iliyoshika |- !scope="row"|Australia ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://i.imgur.com/dqGPGdh.jpg| title = Australian Top 50 Chart Week Ending 23rd September, 1984|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref> |1 |- {{singlechart|Austria|2|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Flanders|2|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Canadatopsingles|1|chartid=9533|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Canadaadultcontemporary|1|chartid=9579|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- !scope="row"|Canada (''[[The Record (magazine)|The Record]]'''s Retail Singles Chart)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/80s/1985/BB-1985-02-02.pdf| title = Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=80| date = 2 Februari 1985|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref> |2 |- !scope="row"|Finland ([[The Official Finnish Charts|Suomen virallinen lista]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://wiki.pomus.net/wiki/Singlet_1984-11_marraskuu| title = Singlet 1984-11 marraskuu|language=Finnish|publisher=[[Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland]]|accessdate=19 November 2017|archivedate=2018-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824065928/http://wiki.pomus.net/wiki/Singlet_1984-11_marraskuu}}</ref> |2 |- {{singlechart|France|3|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Germany2|3|id=1152|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Hungarytop10|10|year=2016|week=52|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Ireland2|1|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- !scope="row"|Israel ([[Media Forest]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://mediaforest.biz/WeeklyCharts/| title = Media Forest weekly chart (year 2016 week 52)|publisher=[[Media Forest]]|accessdate=19 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105203722/http://mediaforest.biz/WeeklyCharts/|archivedate=2016-11-05}}</ref> |4 |- !scope="row"|Italy (Hit Parade)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/indici/per_interprete/aw.htm| title = Indice per Interprete: W: Wham|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|language=Italian|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref> |1 |- {{singlechart|Billboardjapanhot100|31|artist=George Michael|rowheader=true|accessdate=22 November 2017}} |- !scope="row"|Japan ([[Oricon Singles Chart|Oricon]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/190740/rank/|script-title=ja:ワム!のランキング|publisher=[[Oricon]]|language=Japanese|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref> |12 |- {{singlechart|Dutch40|1|year=1984|week=36|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Dutch100|1|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|New Zealand|3|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Norway|2|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Portugal|52|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- ! scope="row"| Slovenia ([[SloTop50]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2013&week=7| title = SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart|publisher=[[SloTop50]]|language=Slovenian|accessdate=17 February 2013|archivedate=2016-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222082555/http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2013&week=7}}</ref> | align=center|29 |- !scope="row"|Spain ([[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]])<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|author=Fernando Salaverri| title = Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002|edition=1st| date = Septemba 2005|publisher=Fundación Autor-SGAE|location=Spain|isbn=84-8048-639-2}}</ref> |11 |- {{singlechart|Sweden|2|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Switzerland|1|artist=George Michael|song=Careless Whisper|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|UK|1|date=19840812|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardhot100|1|artist=George Michael|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- {{singlechart|Billboardadultcontemporary|1|artist=George Michael|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |- !scope="row"|US [[Dance/Electronic Singles Sales|Hot Dance Singles Sales]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'') |3 |- {{singlechart|Billboardrandbhiphop|8|artist=George Michael|rowheader=true|accessdate=19 November 2017}} |} {{col-2}} === Chati za mwishoni mwa mwaka === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chati (1984) !Nafasi |- |Australia<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s|publisher=Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien |url=http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=40275 |accessdate=23 December 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134948/http://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?todo=viewthread&id=40275 |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df= }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|4 |- |New Zealand<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=3873| title = The Official New Zealand Music Chart|publisher=|accessdate=27 December 2016|archive-date=2015-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511175937/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=3873|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|10 |- |UK<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.uk-charts.top-source.info/top-100-1984.shtml| title = Top 100 1984 – UK Music Charts|publisher=|accessdate=27 December 2016}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|5 |- !Chart (1985) !Position |- |Canada<ref>https://musiccanada.wordpress.com/2015/11/04/top-100-singles-of-1985-in-canada/</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|2 |- |US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1985.htm|title=Top 100 Hits of 1985/Top 100 Songs of 1985|publisher=|accessdate=27 December 2016|archive-date=2017-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727193329/http://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1985.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |} {{col-end}} == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} == Viungo vya Nje == * {{MetroLyrics song|george-michael|careless-whisper}}<!-- Licensed lyrics provider --> [[Category:Nyimbo za 1984]] lsv0w0hn7n3l5rtl28f8m9m7yym6b99 Historia ya Israeli 0 120616 1509544 1501696 2026-04-25T00:52:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509544 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.png|thumb|Mpango wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] wa kugawa [[Palestina]] kati ya Wayahudi na Waarabu mwaka [[1947]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' inahusu eneo ambalo leo linaunda nchi ya [[Israeli]] iliyoanzishwa [[tarehe]] [[14 Mei]] [[1948]] lakini nyuma kuna [[historia]] ndefu, ambayo kwa sehemu muhimu inasimulia na [[Biblia]] kama [[kiini]] cha [[historia ya wokovu]]. Ni kwamba historia ya Israeli inaenea kwa maelfu ya miaka hadi [[Mashariki ya Kati]] ya kale, ambako [[Kabila|makabila]] ya awali ya [[Kisemiti]] yaliishi katika eneo lililojulikana kama [[Kanaani]]. Kufikia [[milenia]] [[Milenia ya 1 KK|ya 1]] [[kabla ya Kristo]], [[Waisraeli]], walioshika [[imani]] ya [[Umoja wa Mungu|Mungu mmoja]] iliyokuja kuwa msingi wa [[Uyahudi]], walikuwa tayari wameanzisha [[ufalme wa Israeli]] uliogawanyika mapema. [[ufalme|Falme]] mbili za Israeli na [[Yuda (ufalme)|Yuda]] zilikuza mifumo ya kiutawala na mila za kidini zilizo tofauti. Hata hivyo, [[uhuru]] wao ulikabiliwa mara kwa mara na mashinikizo kutoka kwa himaya zenye nguvu. Ufalme wa kaskazini wa Israeli ulianguka mikononi mwa [[Waashuru]] katika [[karne ya 8 KK]], huku Ufalme wa kusini wa Yuda ukishindwa na [[Babeli|Wababeli]] katika [[karne ya 6 KK]], tukio lililoambatana na uharibifu wa [[Yerusalemu]] na [[Hekalu la Yerusalemu|Hekalu la Kwanza]] pamoja na [[Uhamisho wa Babeli|uhamisho]] wa sehemu kubwa ya wakazi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of the State of Israel|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/israel/israeli-history|publisher=NLI|website=www.nli.org|access-date=2026-04-03|archive-date=2025-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221221802/https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/israel/israeli-history|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Brief History of Israel|url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Israel|publisher=Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Creation of Israel|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel|publisher=Department of State|website=www.state.gov|access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref> Baada ya kipindi cha uhamisho, baadhi ya [[Wayahudi]] walirejea chini ya utawala wa [[Waajemi]] na kujenga upya [[Hekalu]] huko [[Yerusalemu]]. Baadaye, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na [[Ustaarabu wa magharibi|utamaduni wa Kiyunani]] kufuatia [[ushindi]] wa [[Aleksander Mashuhuri|Aleksanda Mkuu]], na hatimaye likaangukia chini ya utawala wa [[Warumi]]. Mivutano kati ya [[Wayahudi]] na Warumi ilisababisha maasi kadhaa, yaliyofikia kilele kwa kuharibiwa kwa Hekalu la Pili mwaka [[70]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]] na kuanza kwa mtawanyiko mkubwa wa Wayahudi duniani. Kwa [[karne]] nyingi zilizofuata, eneo hilo lilitawaliwa na dola na falme mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Ufalme wa Bizanti|Dola la Bizanti]], [[Khalifa|makhalifa]] wa [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]], falme za [[Vita za Misalaba|Vita vya Msalaba]], na baadaye [[Dola la Osmani]], lililodhibiti eneo hilo kuanzia mapema [[karne ya 16]] hadi mwisho wa [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]]. Katika enzi ya kisasa, kudhoofika kwa Dola la Osmani kulifungua njia kwa kuibuka kwa [[harakati]] za [[utaifa]]. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], harakati ya [[Uzayuni]] ilijitokeza, ikihamasisha kurejeshwa kwa makazi ya Wayahudi katika eneo hilo. Baada ya [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]], [[Uingereza]] ilichukua udhibiti wa eneo hilo chini ya mfumo wa [[Eneo la kudhaminiwa|mamlaka ya udhamini]], ambapo mvutano kati ya [[Wayahudi]] na [[Waarabu]] uliongezeka. Mwaka [[1948]], taifa la Israeli lilitangazwa rasmi, hatua iliyosababisha vita na nchi jirani za Kiarabu pamoja na kuhama kwa idadi kubwa ya [[Wapalestina]]. Tangu hapo, Israeli imeendelea kujijenga kama taifa la kisasa huku ikibaki [[kitovu]] cha migogoro ya kikanda na juhudi endelevu za kuleta [[amani]]. [[Mji mkuu]] umekuwa [[Yerusalemu]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1950]] lakini nchi nyingi hazikubali kuwa hivyo kwa sababu hali yake kadiri ya [[Sheria ya kimataifa]] haieleweki. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{Asia topic|Historia ya}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Asia|I]] [[Jamii:Israeli]] [[Jamii:Historia nchi kwa nchi|I]] h8sprjwneohke03pwirz0f0m9j9mgof Julia Alvarez 0 134028 1509573 1494554 2026-04-25T05:23:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu Mashuhuri |jina = Julia Alvarez |picha = Julia Alvarez 2009 (cropped).jpg |caption = Julia Alvarez jukwaani mwaka 2009 |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1950|3|28|df=yes}} |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[New York City]], [[Jimbo la New York]], U.S. |tarehe_ya_kufa = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anajulikana_kwa_ajili_ya = In the Time of the Butterflies, How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, Before We Were Free, A Gift of Gracias, A Wedding in Haiti |kazi_yake = Mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa insha |utaifa = Dominika-Mmarekani }} '''Julia Alvarez''' (amezaliwa [[Machi 27]], [[1950]]) ni [[mshairi]], [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] na wa [[insha]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alipata umaarufu na riwaya za How the García Girls Lost Their Accents (1991), In the Time of the Butterflies (1994), na Yo! (1997). Machapisho yake kama [[mshairi]] ni pamoja na Homecoming (1984) na The Woman I Kept to Myself (2004), na kama mwandishi wa insha the autobiographical compilation Something to Declare (1998). Wakosoaji wengi wa [[fasihi]] wanamwona kuwa mmoja wa waandishi muhimu zaidi wa Latina na amepata mafanikio makubwa na ya kibiashara kwa kiwango cha kimataifa.<ref>Trupe 2011, p. 5.</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Listín Diario, el periódico de los dominicanos. Noticias Santo Domingo. - Publicidad|url=https://listindiario.com/|work=listindiario.com|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> Julia Alvarez pia ameandika [[vitabu]] kadhaa kwa wasomaji wadogo. Kitabu chake cha kwanza cha picha kwa watoto kilikuwa "The Secret Footprints" kilichochapishwa mwaka 2002. Alvarez ameendelea kuandika vitabu vingine kadhaa kwa wasomaji wachanga, pamoja na safu ya "Tía Lola". <ref>{{Cite web|title=Young Readers|url=https://www.juliaalvarez.com/young-readers|work=Julia Alvarez|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Alizaliwa [[New York|jijini New York]], aliishi miaka kumi ya kwanza ya [[utoto]] wake katika [[Jamhuri ya Dominika]], hadi [[baba]] yake alipohusika katika uasi wa kisiasa alilazimisha [[familia]] yake kukimbia nchi hiyo. Kazi nyingi za Alvarez zinaathiriwa na uzoefu wake kama Mdominika huko Marekani, na huzingatia sana maswala ya ujasusi na utambulisho. Malezi yake ya kitamaduni kama Mdominika na Mmarekani ni dhahiri katika mchanganyiko wa sauti ya kibinafsi na ya kisiasa katika uandishi wake. Anajulikana kwa kazi zinazochunguza matarajio ya kitamaduni ya [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] katika [[Jamhuri ya Dominika]] na [[Marekani]], na kwa uchunguzi mkali wa maoni potofu ya kitamaduni. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Alvarez amepanua mada yake na kazi kama vile "In the Name of Salomé  (2000)", riwaya na Cuban badala ya wahusika wa Dominika tu na matoleo ya uwongo ya takwimu za kihistoria. Mbali na taaluma yake ya uandishi yenye mafanikio, Alvarez ni [[mwandishi]] wa sasa katika [[Chuo cha Middlebury]]. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === Julia Alvarez alizaliwa mnamo 1950 katika Jiji la New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Julia Alvarez|url=https://www.biography.com/writer/julia-alvarez|work=Biography|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en-us}}</ref> Alipokuwa na miezi mitatu, familia yake ilihamia [[Jamhuri ya Dominika]], ambako waliishi kwa miaka kumi iliyofuata.<ref>Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007). ''The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan</ref> Alikulia na familia yake ya karibu katika faraja ya kutosha kufurahiya huduma za wajakazi.<ref>* {{Cite book|title=Something to Declare|url=https://archive.org/details/somethingtodecla00alva|last=Alvarez|first=Julia|year=1998}}.</ref> Mkosoaji Silvio Sirias anaamini kwamba Wadominikani wanathamini talanta kwa kuelezea hadithi; Alvarez aliendeleza talanta hii mapema na "mara nyingi aliitwa kuwakaribisha wageni".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 1960, familia ililazimika kukimbilia Marekani baada ya baba yake kushiriki njama iliyoshindwa ya kumpindua dikteta wa jeshi wa kisiwa hicho, Rafael Trujillo,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/latinalatinovoic0000dayf|title=Latina and Latino voices in literature : lives and works|last=Day|first=Frances Ann|date=2003|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-32394-2}}</ref> mazingira ambayo baadaye yangepitiwa tena katika maandishi yake: riwaya yake How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, kwa mfano, inaonyesha familia ambayo inalazimika kuondoka Jamhuri ya Dominika katika mazingira kama hayo,<ref>Dalleo & Machado Sáez 2007, p. 4</ref> na katika shairi lake, "Exile", anaelezea "usiku tuliokimbia nchi" na kuiita uzoefu huo " hasara kubwa zaidi kuliko nilivyoelewa ".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/latinalatinovoic0000dayf|title=Latina and Latino voices in literature : lives and works|last=Day|first=Frances Ann|date=2003|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-32394-2}}</ref> Mpito wa Alvarez kutoka Jamuhuri ya Dominika kwenda Marekani ulikuwa mgumu; Sirias anasema kwamba "alipoteza karibu kila kitu: nchi, lugha, uhusiano wa kifamilia, njia ya ufahamu, na uchangamfu".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> Alipata kutengwa, kutamani nyumbani, na ubaguzi katika mazingira yake mapya.<ref name=":0" /> Katika JHow the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents, mhusika anasisitiza kuwa kujaribu kuongeza "fahamu [katika Jamhuri ya Dominika] ... ingekuwa kama kujaribu dari za [[kanisa kuu]] kwenye handaki".<ref>Alvarez, Julia (2005). ''How the García Girls Lost Their Accents''. New York: Plume. ISBN <bdi>978-0-452-28707-5</bdi>.</ref> Kama mmoja wa wanafunzi wachache wa [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]] katika shule yake ya Katoliki, Alvarez alikabiliwa na ubaguzi kwa sababu ya urithi wake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.juliaalvarez.com/about|work=Julia Alvarez|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Hii ilimfanya ageukie ndani na kupelekea kupendezwa na fasihi, ambayo aliiita "nchi inayosafirika".<ref name=":1" /> Alitiwa moyo na walimu wake wengi kufuata uandishi, na tangu umri mdogo, alikuwa na hakika kwamba hii ndio anachotaka kufanya na maisha yake.<ref name=":0" /> Katika umri wa miaka 13, wazazi wake walimpeleka Abbot Academy, shule ya bweni, kwa sababu shule za mitaa hazikuhesabiwa kuwa za kutosha.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> Kama matokeo, uhusiano wake na wazazi wake ulipata shida, na ulizidi kuwa mbaya wakati kila msimu wa joto aliporudi Jamuhuri ya Dominika "kuimarisha vitambulisho vyao sio tu kama Wadominiki bali pia kama msichana mzuri".<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/juliaalvarezwrit0000john|title=Julia Alvarez : writing a new place on the map|last=Johnson|first=Kelli Lyon|date=2005|publisher=Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press|others=Oliver Wendell Holmes Library Phillips Academy|isbn=978-0-8263-3651-4}}</ref> Mabadilishano haya ya hapa na pale kati ya nchi yalifahamisha uelewa wake wa kitamaduni, msingi wa kazi zake nyingi.<ref name=":2" /> Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Chuo cha Abbot mnamo 1967, alihudhuria Chuo cha Connecticut kutoka 1967 hadi 1969 (ambapo alishinda Tuzo ya Mashairi ya Benjamin T. Marshall) na kisha kuhamishiwa Chuo cha Middlebury, ambapo alipata shahada yake ya Shahada ya Sanaa, summa cum laude na Phi Beta Kappa (1971). Kisha alipokea shahada ya uzamili kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse (1975).<ref name=":2" /> == Kazi == Baada ya kupata shahada ya uzamili mnamo 1975, Alvarez alishika nafasi kama mwandishi wa ndani wa Tume ya Sanaa ya Kentucky. Alisafiri katika jimbo lote akitembelea shule za msingi, shule za upili, vyuo vikuu na jamii, akifanya mafunzo ya uandishi na kutoa usomaji. Anaelezea miaka hii ilimpa ufahamu wa kina wa Marekani na kumsaidia kutambua mapenzi yake ya kufundisha. Baada ya kazi yake huko Kentucky, aliendeleza bidii yake ya masomo hadi California, Delaware, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Washington D.C, na Illinois.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> Alvarez alikuwa Profesa Msaidizi wa Kutembelea wa Kiingereza wa Chuo Kikuu cha Vermont, huko Burlington, VT kwa uteuzi wa miaka miwili katika uandishi bunifu, 1981-83. Alifundisha semina za hadithi za kufikilika na mashairi, utangulizi na wa hali ya juu (kwa wanafunzi wa darasa la juu na wanafunzi waliohitimu) na pia kozi ya kufikilika (muundo wa mihadhara, wanafunzi 45).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.juliaalvarez.com/about/vita.php |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-03-28 |archivedate=2020-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222074652/http://www.juliaalvarez.com/about/vita.php }}</ref> Mbali na kuandika, Alvarez anashikilia nafasi ya mwandishi katika Chuo cha Middlebury, ambapo anafundisha uandishi wa ubunifu kwa muda mfupi.<ref name=":3" /> Alvarez kwa sasa anaishi katika Bonde la Champlain huko Vermont. Ametumikia kama mjumbe, mshauri, na mhariri, kama hakimu wa tuzo za fasihi kama PEN / Newman's Own First Amendment Award na Tuzo la Casa de las Américas,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.juliaalvarez.com/about/vita.php |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-03-28 |archivedate=2020-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222074652/http://www.juliaalvarez.com/about/vita.php }}</ref> na pia anatoa usomaji na mihadhara kote nchini.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/latinalatinovoic0000dayf|title=Latina and Latino voices in literature : lives and works|last=Day|first=Frances Ann|date=2003|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-32394-2}}</ref> Yeye na mwenzi wake, Bill Eichner, mtaalam wa macho, waliunda Alta Gracia, shamba lenye lengo la kuelimisha kuhusu matunzo ya mazingira ulimwenguni kote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Café Alta Gracia - Organic Coffee from the Dominican Republic|url=http://www.cafealtagracia.com/|work=web.archive.org|date=2008-10-21|accessdate=2021-03-28|archivedate=2008-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021220452/http://www.cafealtagracia.com/}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> Alvarez na mumewe walinunua shamba hilo mnamo 1996 kwa nia ya kukuza kilimo cha kahawa chenye ushirika na huru katika Jamhuri ya Dominika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EBSCOhost Login|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24331262&site=ehost-live|work=search.ebscohost.com|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> Alvarez ni sehemu ya Mpaka wa Taa, kikundi cha wanaharakati kinachohimiza uhusiano mzuri kati ya Haiti na Jamhuri ya Dominika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Author Julia Alvarez on Having Dual Citizenship|url=https://www.aarp.org/entertainment/celebrities/info-2018/julia-alvarez-hispanic-heritage-month.html|work=AARP|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=english}}</ref> == Kazi ya fasihi == [[Picha:Library Walk 34.JPG|thumb|"Agusaye shairi hili anamgusa mwanamke"]] Alvarez anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa waandishi wa Latina waliofanikiwa sana na kibiashara wa wakati wake.<ref name=":9">{{Citation|title=Julia Alvarez|date=2021-03-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julia_Alvarez&oldid=1010111140|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-03-28}}</ref> Vitabu vyake vilivyochapishwa ni pamoja na riwaya tano, kitabu cha insha, makusanyo matatu ya mashairi, vitabu vinne vya watoto, na kazi mbili za hadithi za kufikilika za ujana.<ref>Dalleo & Machado Sáez 2007, p. 133</ref> Miongoni mwa kazi zake za kwanza zilizochapishwa kulikuwa na makusanyo ya mashairi; Homecoming, iliyochapishwa mnamo 1984, ilipanuliwa na kuchapishwa tena mnamo 1996.<ref name=":4" /> Mashairi ilikuwa aina ya kwanza ya uandishi wa ubunifu wa Alvarez na anaelezea kuwa mapenzi yake kwa mashairi yanahusiana na ukweli kwamba "shairi ni la karibu sana, la moyo kwa moyo".<ref>Kevane, Bridget (2001). "Citizen of the World: An Interview with Julia Alvarez". In Kevane, Bridget A.; Heredia, Juanita (eds.). ''Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers''. Tucson, AZ: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 19–32. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8263-1972-2</bdi>.</ref> Mashairi yake husherehekea maumbile na mila ya kina ya maisha ya kila siku, pamoja na kazi za nyumbani. Mashairi yake yanaonyesha hadithi za maisha ya familia na mara nyingi huambiwa kutoka kwa mtazamo wa wanawake. Anahoji upendeleo wa mfumo dume na anachunguza maswala ya uhamisho, uhamasishaji, utambulisho, na mapambano ya tabaka la chini kwa njia ya kuzingatia. Alipata msukumo wa kazi yake kutoka kwa uchoraji mdogo kutoka 1894 na Pierre Bonnard aliyeitwa The Circus Rider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating The Phillips Collection's 90th Birthday|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/01/04/132631223/celebrating-the-phillips-collections-90th-birthday|work=NPR.org|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en}}</ref> Mashairi yake, mkosoaji Elizabeth Coonrod Martínez anapendekeza, kutoa sauti kwa mapambano ya wahamiaji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EBSCOhost Login|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24331262&site=ehost-live|work=search.ebscohost.com|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> Riwaya ya kwanza ya Alvarez "How the García Girls Lost Their Accents", ilichapishwa mnamo 1991, na hivi karibuni ikasifiwa sana. Ni riwaya kuu ya kwanza iliyoandikwa kwa Kiingereza na mwandishi wa Jamuhuri ya Dominika.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/uslatinoliteratu0000unse|title=U.S. Latino literature : a critical guide for students and teachers|date=2000|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Oliver Wendell Holmes Library Phillips Academy|isbn=978-0-313-31137-6}}</ref> Riwaya ya kibinafsi, kitabu kinaelezea mada za kuchanganywa kwa kitamaduni na mapambano ya Jamuhuri ya Dominikani baada ya ukoloni.<ref>Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007). ''The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4039-7796-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Frey|first=Hillary|title=To the Rescue|date=2006-04-23|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/to-the-rescue.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2021-03-28}}</ref> Alvarez anaangazia ujumuishaji wa wahamiaji wa Latina katika tawala za Marekani na anaonyesha kuwa kitambulisho kinaweza kuathiriwa sana na tofauti za kijinsia, kikabila, na kitabaka.<ref>McCracken 1999, p. 80</ref> Yeye hutumia uzoefu wake mwenyewe kuonyesha utofauti wa kina wa kitamaduni kati ya Karibiani na Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Book sources|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-1941-5|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-03-28}}</ref> Vitu hivyo vilikuwa vya kibinafsi katika riwaya hiyo, hivi kwamba kwa miezi kadhaa baada ya kuchapishwa, mama yake alikataa kuzungumza naye; dada zake pia hawakufurahishwa na kitabu hicho.<ref name=":5" /> Kitabu hicho kimeuza zaidi ya nakala 250,000, na kilitajwa kama Kitabu mashuhuri cha Jumuiya ya Maktaba ya Marekani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Julia%20Alvarez&f=false|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> ikitolewa mnamo 1994, riwaya yake ya pili, In the Time of the Butterflies, ina msingi wa kihistoria na inaelezea juu ya kifo cha akina dada wa Mirabal wakati wa udikteta wa Trujillo katika Jamuhuri ya Dominikani. Mnamo 1960 miili yao ilipatikana chini ya mwamba kwenye pwani ya kaskazini ya kisiwa hicho, na inasemekana walikuwa sehemu ya harakati ya mapinduzi ya kupindua utawala dhalimu wa nchi hiyo wakati huo. Takwimu hizi za hadithi zinajulikana kama Las Mariposas, au Butterflies.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/latinalatinovoic0000dayf|title=Latina and Latino voices in literature : lives and works|last=Day|first=Frances Ann|date=2003|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-32394-2}}</ref> Hadithi hii inaonyesha wanawake kama wahusika hodari ambao wana uwezo wa kubadilisha historia, kuonyesha ushirika wa Alvarez kwa wahusika wakuu wa kike na harakati za kupinga ukoloni.<ref>Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007). ''The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4039-7796-0</bdi>.</ref> Kama Alvarez anaelezea, "Natumai kuwa kupitia hadithi hii ya kufikilika nitaleta marafiki wa hawa dada maarufu kwa wasomaji wanaozungumza Kiingereza. Novemba 25, siku ya mauaji yao inazingatiwa katika nchi nyingi za Amerika ya Kusini kama Siku ya Kimataifa ya Kupambana na Ukatili kwa Wanawake na dada hawa, ambao walipigana na dhalimu mmoja, na wamewahi kuwa mfano kwa wanawake wanaopambana na dhuluma za kila aina.<ref name=":6" /> Mnamo 1997, Alvarez alichapisha Yo !, mfululizo wa How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, ambayo inazingatia tu tabia ya Yolanda.<ref name=":7">Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007). ''The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4039-7796-0</bdi>.</ref> Akiakisi kutoka kwa uzoefu wake mwenyewe, Alvarez anaonyesha mafanikio ya mwandishi anayetumia familia yake kama msukumo wa kazi yake.<ref name=":7" /> Yo! inaweza kuzingatiwa misukumo ya Alvarez na kukosoa mafanikio yake mwenyewe ya fasihi.<ref>Dalleo, Raphael; Machado Sáez, Elena (2007). ''The Latino/a Canon and the Emergence of Post-Sixties Literature''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4039-7796-0</bdi>.</ref> Maoni ya Alvarez juu ya mseto wa utamaduni mara nyingi huwasilishwa kupitia utumiaji wa malapropisms ya Uhispania-Kiingereza, au Spanglish; misemo kama hii ni maarufu sana katika How the García Girls Lost Their Accents. Alvarez anafafanua lugha ya mhusika wa Laura kama "mishmash ya nahau na maneno mchanganyiko".<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/saddlinglagringa00kafk|title="Saddling la gringa"|last=Kafka|first=Phillipa|date=2000|publisher=Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-31122-2}}</ref> Mnamo 2001, Julia Alvarez alichapisha kitabu chake cha kwanza cha picha cha watoto, "The Secret Footprints". Kitabu hiki kiliandikwa na Alvarez, na kuonyeshwa na Fabian Negrin. Kitabu kilikuwa juu ya Ciguapas, ambayo ni sehemu ya hadithi ya Jamuhuri ya Dominica. Ciguapas ni watu wa kutunga ambao wana ngozi nyeusi, macho meusi, na nywele ndefu, zenye kung'aa ambazo hutiririka urefu wa miili yao. Wana miguu ya nyuma, ili wakati wanapotembea nyayo zao zielekeze nyuma. Mhusika mkuu anaitwa Guapa, na anaelezewa kuwa jasiri, na anavutiwa na wanadamu hadi inatishia usiri wa Ciguapas. Kitabu kina mada kama jamii, udadisi, tofauti, majukumu ya kijinsia, na ngano. In the Name of Salomé (2000) ni riwaya inayounganisha maisha ya wanawake wawili tofauti, ikionyesha jinsi walivyojitolea maisha yao kwa sababu za kisiasa. Inafanyika katika maeneo kadhaa, pamoja na Jamuhuri ya Dominika kabla ya kuongezeka kwa ghasia za kisiasa, Cuba ya Kikomunisti katika miaka ya 1960, na vyuo vikuu kadhaa vya Marekani, vyenye mada ya uwezeshaji na uanaharakati. Kama wahusika wakuu wa riwaya hii wote ni wanawake, Alvarez anaonyesha jinsi wanawake hawa, "walivyokusanyika pamoja katika kupendana kwao [nchi yao] na kwa imani yao katika uwezo wa wanawake kuunda dhamiri kwa Amerika ya Kusini."<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/latinalatinovoic0000dayf|title=Latina and Latino voices in literature : lives and works|last=Day|first=Frances Ann|date=2003|publisher=Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-313-32394-2}}</ref> Hiki kitabu kimekuwa kikisifiwa sana kwa utafiti wake makini wa kihistoria na hadithi ya kuvutia, na kilielezewa na Wachapishaji Wikienda kama "mojawapo ya riwaya zinazoongoza kisiasa zaidi ya nusu karne iliyopita."<ref name=":8" /> == Ushawishi juu ya fasihi ya Amerika Kusini == Alvarez anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa waandishi wa Latina waliofanikiwa sana na kibiashara wa wakati wake.<ref name=":9" /> Kama Elizabeth Coonrod Martínez anavyoona, Alvarez ni sehemu ya harakati ya waandishi wa Latina ambae pia ni pamoja na Sandra Cisneros na Cristina García, ambao wote wanasonga pamoja mandhari ya uzoefu wa kuvuka mipaka na tamaduni za Amerika Kusini na Marekani.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=EBSCOhost Login|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24331262&site=ehost-live|work=search.ebscohost.com|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> Coonrod Martínez anapendekeza kwamba kizazi kijacho cha waandishi wa Dominica-Amerika, kama Angie Cruz, Loida Maritza Pérez, Nelly Rosario, na Junot Díaz, wamehamasishwa na mafanikio ya Alvarez.<ref name=":10" /> Alvarez anakubali "sehemu mbaya ya kuwa 'Mwandishi wa Latina' ni kwamba watu wanataka kunifanya niwe msemaji. Hakuna msemaji! Kuna ukweli mwingi, vivuli tofauti, na matabaka".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urPtzq4S5mcC&q=Julia+Alvarez|title=Julia Alvarez: A Critical Companion|last=Sirias|first=Silvio|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30993-9|language=en}}</ref> How the García Girls Lost Their Accents ni riwaya ya kwanza ya mwanamke wa Dominika-Amerika kupokea sifa na umakini mkubwa huko Marekani.<ref name=":11">McCracken, Ellen (1999). ''New Latina Narrative: The Feminine Space of Postmodern Ethnicity''. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8165-1941-5</bdi>.</ref> Kitabu kinaonyesha utambulisho wa kikabila kama shida katika viwango kadhaa. Changamoto za Alvarez kawaida zilidhaniwa kuwa na tamaduni nyingi kama chanya kabisa. Anaona kitambulisho cha wahamiaji kama kinachoathiriwa sana na mizozo ya kikabila, jinsia, na kitabaka.<ref name=":11" /> Kulingana na mkosoaji Ellen McCracken, "Uvunjaji wa sheria na maneno ya uchumba inaweza kuwa sio nauli ya kawaida ya bidhaa za kitamaduni zinazotamanika, lakini kupelekwa kwa Alvarez kwa mbinu kama hizo za hadithi kunatanguliza kiini cha mapambano dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya nguvu ya mfumo dume katika mchango huu wa mapema wa Amerika ya Kusini kwa hadithi mpya ya Latina ya miaka ya 1990. "<ref>McCracken, Ellen (1999). ''New Latina Narrative: The Feminine Space of Postmodern Ethnicity''. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8165-1941-5</bdi>.</ref> Kuhusu harakati za wanawake katika uandishi, Alvarez anaelezea, "hakika, bado, kuna dari ya glasi kwa upande wa waandishi wa riwaya wa kike. Ikiwa tuna muhusika wa kike, anaweza kuwa anahusika na kitu kikubwa lakini pia anabadilisha nepi watoto na kupika , bado nikifanya vitu ambavyo huitwa riwaya ya mwanamke. Unajua, riwaya ya mwanamume ni ya ulimwengu wote; riwaya ya mwanamke ni ya wanawake."<ref>{{Cite web|title=EBSCOhost Login|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24331262&site=ehost-live|work=search.ebscohost.com|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> Alvarez anadai kwamba lengo lake sio kuwaandikia wanawake tu bali pia kushughulikia mada za ulimwengu ambazo zinaonyesha unganisho la jumla.<ref name=":10" /> Anaelezea, "Ninachojaribu kufanya na maandishi yangu ni kuhamia kwenye hizo nafsi zingine, ulimwengu mwingine. Ili kuwa zaidi na zaidi yetu." <ref name=":12">Kevane, Bridget (2001). "Citizen of the World: An Interview with Julia Alvarez". In Kevane, Bridget A.; Heredia, Juanita (eds.). ''Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers''. Tucson, AZ: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 19–32. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8263-1972-2</bdi>.</ref> Kama kielelezo cha nukta hii, Alvarez anaandika kwa Kiingereza juu ya maswala ya Jamhuri ya Dominika, kwa kutumia mchanganyiko wa Kiingereza na Kihispania.<ref name=":12" /> Alvarez anahisi kuwezeshwa na dhana ya idadi ya watu na tamaduni kote ulimwenguni zikichanganya, na kwa sababu ya hii, anajitambulisha kama "Raia wa Ulimwengu".<ref name=":12" /> == Rekodi == Kutoka kwa Maktaba ya Congress, Julia Alvarez anasoma kutoka kwa kazi yake mwenyewe. Katika rekodi hii anasoma kutoka kwa kazi zake zifuatazo: The other side/ El Otro Lado, Homecoming, na The Woman I Kept To Myself.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=Dominican-American author Julia Álvarez reading from her work|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2016686124/|work=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA|accessdate=2021-03-28}}</ref> == Misaada na heshima == Alvarez amepokea misaada kutoka kwenye taasisi ya National Endowment for the Arts and the Ingram Merrill Foundation. Hati za maandishi yake ya mashairi sasa yana makazi ya kudumu katika Maktaba ya Umma ya New York, ambapo kazi yake ilionyeshwa kwenye maonyesho, "The Hand of the Poet: Original Manuscripts by 100 Masters, From John Donne to Julia Alvarez."<ref name=":13" /> Alipokea Tuzo ya Lamont kutoka Chuo cha Washairi wa Marekani mnamo 1974, tuzo ya kwanza katika maelezo kutoka kwa Tuzo ya Tatu ya Waandishi wa Habari mnamo 1986, na tuzo kutoka kwa General Electric Foundation mnamo 1986.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Postcolonial Studies – Since 1996, Deepika Bahri has created and maintained content for Postcolonial Studies @ Emory with her students. In 2011, she won a Mellon grant from Emory’s Digital Scholarship Commons (DiSC) to redesign the site in collaboration with the DiSC staff.|url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2016-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209094111/https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mnamo 2009 alipokea Tuzo ya Fitzgerald ya Kufanikiwa katika Tuzo ya Fasihi ya Marekani ambayo hutolewa kila mwaka huko Rockville Maryland, jiji ambalo Fitzgerald, mkewe, na binti yake walizikwa, kama sehemu ya Tamasha la Fasihi la F. Scott Fitzgerald. How the García Girls Lost Their Accents ilitwaa Tuzo ya Fasihi ya PEN Oakland / Josephine Miles ya 1991 kwa kazi ambazo zinaonyesha maoni ya tamaduni nyingi.<ref name=":14" /> Yo! ilichaguliwa kama kitabu mashuhuri na Jumuiya ya Maktaba ya Marekani mnamo 1998. Kabla ya Sisi Kuwa Huru kushinda medali ya Belpre mnamo 2004,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Pura Belpré Award winners, 1996-present|url=http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/belpremedal/belprepast|work=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)|date=1999-11-30|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> na Return to Sender ilishinda Medali ya Belpre mnamo 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the Pura Belpré Award home page!|url=http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/belpremedal|work=Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)|date=1999-11-30|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en|author=admin}}</ref> Alipokea pia Tuzo ya Urithi wa Puerto Rico mnamo 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispanic Heritage Blog|url=https://hispanicheritage.org/blog/|work=Hispanic Heritage Foundation|accessdate=2021-03-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306113456/https://hispanicheritage.org/blog/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bibliografia == === Tamthiliya za kufikirika === * ''How the García Girls Lost Their Accents''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1991. * ''In the Time of the Butterflies''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1994. * ''Yo!''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1997. * ''In the Name of Salomé''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2000. * ''Saving the World: A Novel''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2006. * ''Afterlife: A Novel''. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/in-julia-alvarezs-afterlife-a-widow-faces-a-moral-quandary/2020/04/08/e7cca5e8-798e-11ea-a130-df573469f094_story.html|title=In Julia Alvarez's 'Afterlife,' a widow faces a moral quandary|last=Millares Young|first=Kristen|date=April 8, 2020|website=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=March 28, 2021}}</ref> === Watoto na vijana wadogo === * ''The Secret Footprints''. New York: Knopf, 2000. * ''A Cafecito Story''. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2001. * ''How Tia Lola Came to <s>visit</s> Stay''. New York: Knopf, 2001. * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/beforewewerefree00alva|title=Before We Were Free|publisher=A. Knopf|year=2002|isbn=978-0-375-81544-7|place=New York}} * ''Finding Miracles''. New York: Knopf, 2004. * {{cite book|title=A Gift of Gracias: The Legend of Altagracia|publisher=Knopf|year=2005|isbn=978-0-375-82425-8|place=New York}} * ''El mejor regalo del mundo: la leyenda de la Vieja Belen / The Best Gift of All: The Legend of La Vieja Belen''. Miami: Alfaguara, 2009. (bilingual book) * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/returntosender00alva|title=Return to Sender|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2009|isbn=978-0-375-85838-3|place=New York}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/howtialolalearne00alva|title=How Tia Lola Learned to Teach|publisher=Knopf|year=2010|isbn=978-0-375-86460-5|place=New York|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/howtialolasaved00alva|title=How Tía Lola Saved the Summer|publisher=Knopf|year=2011|isbn=978-0-375-86727-9|place=New York}} * ''Where Do They Go?''. New York: [[Seven Stories Press]], 2016. === Mashairi === * ''The Other Side'' (''El Cocko''), Dutton, 1995, * ''Homecoming: New and Selected Poems'', Plume, 1996, – reissue of 1984 volume, with new poems * ''The Woman I Kept to Myself'', Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2004; 2011, === Hadithi zisizo za kutunga === * ''Something to Declare'', Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1998, (collected essays) * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/onceuponquinceaa00alva|title=Once Upon a Quinceañera: Coming of Age in the USA|publisher=Penguin|year=2007|isbn=978-0-670-03873-2}} * ''A Wedding in Haiti: The Story of a Friendship'' 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1950|}} [[category:wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Jamhuri ya Dominika]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] eexu6y76rfv6qpku047exoxz2obmzj4 Deloris Frimpong Manso 0 148556 1509481 1506545 2026-04-24T16:00:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Deloris Frimpong Manso |picha = Deloris Frimpong Manso - Delay.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = Delay |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake =Mjasiriamali |nchi =Ghana }} '''Deloris Frimpong Manso''' (hujulikana sana kama "'''Delay'''") ni [[mjasiriamali]], mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]] na [[redio]], mtayarishaji [[filamu]], muongeaji wa hadhara, na wakili wa [[wanawake]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-radio-tv-news/i-don-t-ridicule-guests-on-my-show-delay.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-04-10 |archivedate=2019-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720181243/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-radio-tv-news/i-don-t-ridicule-guests-on-my-show-delay.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-radio-tv-news/i-don-t-ridicule-guests-on-my-show-delay.html#&ct=-tmc&ts=undefined |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-04-10 |archivedate=2019-07-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720181243/https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-radio-tv-news/i-don-t-ridicule-guests-on-my-show-delay.html#&ct=-tmc&ts=undefined }}</ref> == Maisha ya Kazi == === Redio na Televisheni === Delay alianza kazi yake ya utangazaji kama mtangazaji katika Life FM iliyopo Nkawkaw katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa Ghana akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 mwaka 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ghpage.com/story-of-deloris-frimpong-manso-before-the-fame-delay/21150/ |title=Video: The beginnings of Deloris Frimpong Manso before fame |date=27 Oktoba 2017 |work=Ghpage.com |access-date=8 Novemba 2018}}</ref> Baadaye alihamia Top Radio mwaka 2005 jijini [[Accra]], ambako alifanya kazi hadi 2007 akiongoza kipindi cha katikati ya asubuhi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/feel-lonely-sometimes-without-mum-delay/ |title=I feel lonely sometimes without my mum – Delay |last=Agyare |first=Peace |work=Ghafla! Ghana |access-date=8 Novemba 2018}}</ref> Mwaka 2007 aliajiriwa na Oman FM, ambako alifanya kazi hadi 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lifestyle.ghanabase.com/radiotv/2007/100.asp |title=Delay joins Oman FM |website=Ghanabase |access-date=8 Novemba 2018 |archive-date=2009-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905174231/http://lifestyle.ghanabase.com/radiotv/2007/100.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.adomonline.com/ghana-news/i-bought-two-houses-in-2017-delay-reveals/ |title=I bought two houses in 2017 – Delay reveals |date=24 Agosti 2018 |access-date=17 Januari 2019}}</ref> Akiwa Oman FM, Delay alianzisha kipindi chake cha televisheni, ''The Delay Show'', mwaka 2008 kupitia TV3 na akapata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Ghana. Mwaka 2011 aliandika na kutayarisha kipindi cha ''Afia Schwarzenegger''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://livefmghana.com/2017/02/28/delay-show-now-airs-ghonetv-watch-new-episode-menaye-donkor/ |title=The Delay Show now airs on GhOneTV |access-date=3 Januari 2019 |archive-date=2019-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720182750/http://livefmghana.com/2017/02/28/delay-show-now-airs-ghonetv-watch-new-episode-menaye-donkor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kampuni yake ya uzalishaji, Maxgringo Productions, ilitengeneza pia tamthilia ya ''Cocoa Brown'', ambayo ilihusisha sehemu ya maisha yake ya binafsi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/delay-brings-cocoa-brown.html |title=Delay brings Cocoa Brown |work=Daily Graphic |access-date=3 Januari 2019}}</ref> Pia anamiliki kampuni ya usindikaji wa chakula inayozalisha makopo ya mackerel na sardines. === Ushawishi wa Umma === Delay amekuwa akihusishwa na hotuba za motisha kwa vijana na wanawake, akishirikisha safari yake ya maisha ili kuhamasisha mafanikio. Mwaka 2018 alikuwa miongoni mwa wasemaji wakuu katika Mkutano wa Uwezeshaji Vijana (iYES) uliofanyika katika National Theatre ya Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.adomonline.com/ghana-news/i-bought-two-houses-in-2017-delay-reveals/ |title=Delay speaks at iYES conference |date=24 Agosti 2018 |access-date=5 Januari 2019}}</ref> Pia alizungumza katika Mkutano wa Pili wa Women CEOs Summit, ambapo viongozi wanawake walishiriki uzoefu wao wa uongozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://starrfmonline.com/2018/10/womanrising-unveils-speakers-for-2nd-women-ceos-summit/ |title=Women CEOs Summit speakers announced |access-date=5 Januari 2019}}</ref> Hadithi yake ya mafanikio hutumika kama mfano wa kuigwa kwa vijana nchini Ghana, na mara nyingi hujulikana kama “Oprah Winfrey wa Ghana”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://entrepreneursplazza.com/e-plazza-spotlight-the-woman-defying-all-odds-meet-deloris-frimpong-manso-delay/ |title=Meet Deloris Frimpong Manso (Delay) |access-date=1 Desemba 2023 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920155716/https://entrepreneursplazza.com/e-plazza-spotlight-the-woman-defying-all-odds-meet-deloris-frimpong-manso-delay/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''The Delay Show'' — kipindi cha mahojiano cha televisheni nchini Ghana, ambapo pia ni mtayarishaji mkuu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoWk6jZgFyws-_UgbaXA8Gw |title=Delay TV YouTube Channel}}</ref> ''Cocoa Brown'' — mfululizo wa tamthilia uliotengenezwa na kampuni yake ya uzalishaji.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Delay-s-Cocoa-Brown-series-to-air-on-GH-One-Tv-497901 |title=Cocoa Brown TV series |access-date=29 Juni 2019}}</ref> Delay alitangaza nia ya kugombea urais wa Ghana mwaka 2032, akisisitiza kuwa wanawake wanapaswa kushika nafasi za juu za uongozi katika jamii na taifa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/52736/delay-wants-to-be-president-of-ghana-in-2032.html |title=Delay wants to be President of Ghana in 2032}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/delay-to-run-for-president-in-2032 |title=Delay to run for President in 2032}}</ref> === Heshima na Tuzo === Mwaka 2018, Delay alipokea Tuzo ya Uwezeshaji Wanawake katika 3G Awards jijini New York kwa mchango wake katika ujasiriamali na uhamasishaji wa wanawake. Mwaka 2017 aliorodheshwa wa kwanza katika orodha ya watu mashuhuri wanaofanya kazi kwa bidii nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/pulse-list-5-industrious-female-celebrities-in-ghana/ry9hypx |title=5 industrious female celebrities in Ghana |access-date=9 Januari 2019}}</ref> Mwaka 2020 alishinda tuzo za Ghana Outstanding Women Awards (GOWA) kama “Most Outstanding Woman of the Year” na “Outstanding Woman TV Personality and Entrepreneur of the Year”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/delay-wins-big-at-verna-ghana-outstanding-women-awards/ |title=Delay wins GOWA awards |access-date=18 Oktoba 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Ghana]] mf3tgxsgkgm4c98empjbv2vtnht8lto Efua Sutherland 0 148557 1509493 1502327 2026-04-24T17:39:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Efua Sutherland Sutherland |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 24 Juni 1924 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Ghana |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Mwanaharakati wa Ghana |nchi = Ghana }} '''Efua Sutherland Sutherland''' ([[27 Juni]] [[1924]] - [[2 Januari]] [[1996]] )<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Google-celebrates-Efua-Sutherland-663937 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-04-10 |archivedate=2019-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413115332/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Google-celebrates-Efua-Sutherland-663937 }}</ref> alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]], [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mwigizaji]], mwandishi wa [[watoto]], [[mshairi]], msomi, mtafiti, mtetezi wa watoto, na [[mwanaharakati]] wa kitamaduni wa nchini [[Ghana]]. Kazi zake ni pamoja na tamthilia za ''Foriwa'' ([[1962]]),<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=em3RAAAAMAAJ</ref>''Edufa''(1967),<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=em3RAAAAMAAJ</ref>na alimuoa ''Anansewa.''<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2292359</ref> Alianzisha Studio ya Kuigiza ya Ghana, <ref>''Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature''. Merriam-Webster. 1995-04-01. p. 1081. ISBN <bdi>0-87779-042-6</bdi>.</ref> Chama cha Waandishi cha Ghana, <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/richard_2552|title=Ghana, One Year Old: a First Independence Anniversary Review|last=Danquah|first=Moses (ed )|date=1958}}</ref> Jumba la Majaribio la [[Ghana]], na [[mradi]] wa jumuiya uitwao Kodzidan (Nyumba ya Hadithi).<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/blackauthorsillu00murp|title=Black authors and illustrators of books for children and young adults : a biographical dictionary|last=Murphy|first=Barbara Thrash|last2=Rollock|first2=Barbara Black authors and illustrators of children's books|date=1999|publisher=New York : Garland Pub.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-8153-2004-3}}</ref> == Elimu na kazi ya awali == Efua Theodora Morgue alizaliwa katika [[Cape Coast]], katika Gold Coast (sasa Ghana), ambapo alisoma ualimu katika St. Monica's Training College mjini [[Mampong]].<ref name=Encyclopedia>Heyman, Neil M., "Sutherland, Efua (1924–1996)", ''Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia''. Encyclopedia.com.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160911060426/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588822694.html "Sutherland, Efua (1924–1996)"], ''Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages'', Gale, 2007.</ref> Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake ya awali, alisafiri kwenda [[Uingereza]] kuendeleza elimu yake ya juu. Huko alihitimu Shahada ya Sanaa (BA) katika Homerton College, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]] akiwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza kutoka Afrika kusoma katika taasisi hiyo. Baadaye alisomea isimu katika School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]].<ref name=Encyclopedia /> Aliporejea Ghana mwaka 1951, alianza kazi ya ualimu katika Fijai Secondary School mjini [[Sekondi]], kisha akafundisha tena katika St. Monica's School (1951–1954). Katika kipindi hiki pia alianza kujihusisha na uandishi wa vitabu vya watoto na maandishi ya kisanii.<ref name=Encyclopedia /> Baadaye alisema kuwa alianza kuandika kwa umakini mwaka 1951, akichochewa na hali ya elimu na fasihi nchini mwake, ambazo aliziona kuwa hazikuwiana na mazingira ya watoto wa Ghana. Alieleza kuwa alikasirishwa na jinsi watoto walivyolazimishwa kusoma fasihi isiyoakisi maisha yao ya kila siku, jambo lililomfanya aanze kuandika kazi zake mwenyewe. Mnamo 1954 alifunga ndoa na Bill Sutherland, mwanaharakati na Mmarekani mwenye mtazamo wa Pan-Africanism, ambaye alihamia Ghana mwaka 1953.<ref>[http://www.noeasyvictories.org/interviews/int01_sutherland.php Interview with Bill Sutherland]</ref> Walipewa watoto watatu, akiwemo Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ralph Sutherland, na Amowi Sutherland Phillips.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcWP7BjBnI "Esi Sutherland Addy Personality Profile"], My JoyOnline, 14 March 2014.</ref> Efua pia alimsaidia mumewe kuanzisha shule katika eneo la Transvolta. == Uzalishaji wa fasihi == Baada ya Ghana kupata uhuru mwaka 1957, Efua Sutherland alisaidia kuanzisha Ghana Association of Writers, ambayo ilichapisha jarida la fasihi la ''Okyeame'' mwaka 1960, ambapo baadaye alihudumu kama mhariri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gaw.org.gh/ |title=Ghana Association of Writers |accessdate=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2021-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028183530/https://www.gaw.org.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika kazi zake za ubunifu, Sutherland alichanganya hadithi za jadi za Kiafrika na mbinu za kisasa za maigizo. Alitumia simulizi za kijadi za Ghana kama msingi wa michezo yake ya kuigiza, huku akichanganya pia mitindo ya fasihi ya Kimagharibi ili kuunda aina mpya ya sanaa ya maigizo barani Afrika. Baadhi ya mashairi na maandishi yake yalitangazwa kupitia kipindi cha redio ''The Singing Net'', na baadaye kuchapishwa katika antholojia ya mwaka 1958 iitwayo ''Voices of Ghana''. Miongoni mwa michezo yake maarufu ni ''Edufa'' (1967), ''Foriwa'' (1967), na ''The Marriage of Anansewa'' (1975), ambayo imekuwa msingi muhimu katika maendeleo ya tamthilia ya Ghana.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjTT4cLtM3MC&pg=PA80|title=FonTomFrom: Contemporary Ghanaian Literature, Theatre and Film|date=2000|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-1283-7|editor-last1=Anyidoho|editor-first1=Kofi|publication-place=Amsterdam|page=80|editor-last2=Gibbs|editor-first2=James}}</ref> == Shughuli za kitamaduni na Pan-Africanism == Efua Sutherland alianzisha Ghana Experimental Theatre mwaka 1958, ambayo ilihusishwa na Ghana Drama Studio iliyofunguliwa rasmi mwaka 1963 na Rais [[Kwame Nkrumah]]. Kituo hicho kilikuwa mahali muhimu pa mafunzo kwa wasanii wa maigizo kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za Afrika.<ref>Angelou, Maya, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BuvUvtPnM4wC&dq=%22efua+sutherland%22+maya+angelou&pg=PT15 ''All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes''], 1986.</ref> Akiwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana]], alihusika katika uanzishaji wa School of Performing Arts na pia alianzisha kituo cha simulizi kinachoitwa Kodzidan (Nyumba ya Hadithi), ambacho kilitambulika kimataifa kama mfano bora wa ukumbi wa sanaa ya kijamii na maendeleo ya jamii. Sutherland pia alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika harakati za Pan-Africanism. Alikutana na watu mashuhuri kama [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] na alichangia katika kuanzishwa kwa W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture mjini Accra.<ref>Shipley, Jesse Weaver, and Jemima Pierre, [https://books.google.com/books?id=twazxuJh1mIC&q=%22efua+sutherland%22&pg=PA79 "The Intellectual and Pragmatic Legacy of Du Bois's Pan-Africanism in Contemporary Ghana"], in Mary Keller and Chester J. Fontenot (eds), ''Re-cognizing W.E.B. Du Bois in the Twenty-first Century: Essays on W.E.B. Du Bois'', Mercer University Press, 2007, p. 79.</ref> Mnamo 1980, aliandika pendekezo la kuanzishwa kwa Tamasha la Historia la Afrika, ambalo baadaye lilisababisha kuanzishwa kwa PANAFEST mwaka 1992 mjini Cape Coast na Accra, likilenga kuimarisha uhusiano kati ya Afrika na diaspora yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1966]] [[jamii:wanawake wa Ghana]] [[jamii:wanaharakati wa Ghana]] [[jamii:waandishi wa Ghana]] 9lcfvsbu78cw8fnc12mkr0su6j112np Errol Dyers 0 150366 1509498 1393141 2026-04-24T19:07:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Errol Dyers''' ([[29 Machi]] [[1952]] &#x2013; [[21 Julai]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] na mpiga [[gitaa]] wa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] na mwanzilishi wa ''Cape [[jazz]] / goema'' .<ref>{{Cite web|title=SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC|url=http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=169|work=www.music.org.za|accessdate=2025-02-01|archive-date=2026-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125085844/http://www.music.org.za/artist.asp?id=169|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Dyers alitoka katika [[familia]] ya wanamuziki lakini alijifundisha [[muziki]] katika mitaa ya [[Cape Town]], na alijulikana kwa [[uwezo]] wake wa kuchanganya muziki wa Cape jazz na goema. Aliimba pamoja na wanamuziki wengine wengi, kama vile Abdullah Ibrahim, Basil 'Manenberg' Coetzee, Robbie Jansen na Winston Mankunku . <ref name="iol_obit">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/cape-jazz-giant-errol-dyers-dies-10414157|title=Cape jazz giant Errol Dyers dies|author=Folb|first=Luke|date=22 July 2017|work=iol.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/life/entertainment/errol-dyers-cape-guitar-legend-has-died-aged-65|title=Errol Dyers, Cape guitar legend, dies aged 65|date=22 July 2017|work=enca.com|accessdate=2022-05-14|archivedate=2018-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021115424/https://www.enca.com/life/entertainment/errol-dyers-cape-guitar-legend-has-died-aged-65}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] tw108ka16njo93wkgpwg7mpid63qov5 Fatima Jibrell 0 150957 1509505 1227595 2026-04-24T20:00:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |jina = Fatima Jama Jibrell |majina mengine = Fadumo Jibriil |picha= Fatima Jibrell2.jpg |caption = |mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Sanaag]], [[Somalia]] |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 30 Disemba 1947 |kazi yake = [[Mwanaharakati wa mazingira]], [[mtengeneza filamu]] |mwenza = |watoto = watoto watano akiwemo [[Degan Ali]] | wavuti = }} '''Fatima Jibrell''' ( [[Kisomali]]: Fadumo Jibriil‎ , Arabic ; alizaliwa mnamo Disemba 30, [[1947]]) ni mwanaharakati wa mazingira wa Kisomali na Marekani . Alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organization (sasa Adeso ), mwanzilishi mwenza wa Sun Fire Cooking, na alikuwa muhimu katika kuundwa kwa Muungano wa Wanawake wa Amani. ==Wasifu== Jibrell alizaliwa mnamo Desemba 30, 1947, huko Sanaag, Somaliland katika familia ya kuhamahama .<ref name="Gilbert">Geoffrey Gilbert, ''World poverty'', (ABC-CLIO: 2004), p.111</ref><ref name=horngoldman>{{cite web|url=http://www.hornrelief.org/goldman-prize-2002.htm|title=Horn Relief:Goldman Prize|publisher=|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712071037/http://www.hornrelief.org/goldman-prize-2002.htm|archive-date=12 July 2010|accessdate=2022-05-26|archivedate=2010-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712071037/http://www.hornrelief.org/goldman-prize-2002.htm}}</ref>.Baba yake alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa baharini ambaye aliishi New York City . Akiwa mtoto huko Somalia, alisoma shule ya bweni ya Uingereza hadi umri wa miaka 16, alipoondoka nchini na kujiunga na babake nchini Marekani. Huko, Jibrell alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya Temple.<ref name=zooming>Dorothy Otieno [http://www.biyokulule.com/Charcoal%20trade.htm "Environmentalist Who Returned From USA to Salvage Forests"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.biyokulule.com/Charcoal%20trade.htm |date=20200918183153 }} ''East African Standard'' (June 26, 2002)</ref>. Mnamo 1969, alirudi Somaliland na kufanya kazi kwa serikali, ambapo aliolewa na mumewe, Abdurahman Mohamoud Ali, mwanadiplomasia . Wakati yeye na familia yake walipokuwa nchini Iraq, Jibrell alianza masomo ya shahada ya kwanza katika Chuo Kikuu cha Damascus kilichoko karibu na Syria . Mnamo 1981, mumewe alihamishiwa Merika, ambapo alimaliza Shahada yake ya Sanaa kwa Kiingereza. Hatimaye aliendelea na masomo ya Shahada ya Uzamili katika Kazi ya Jamii kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Connecticut . Walipokuwa wakiishi Marekani, Jibrell na mumewe walilea mabinti watano, akiwemo Degan Ali.<ref>{{Cite news |author=The Editorial Board |date=2021-02-13 |title=Opinion {{!}} Foreign Aid Is Having a Reckoning |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/13/opinion/africa-foreign-aid-philanthropy.html |access-date=2022-03-26 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>.Pia akawa raia wa Marekani. ==Utunzaji wa mazingira== Kwa kuchochewa na vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Somalia vilivyoanza mwaka wa 1991, Jibrell pamoja na mume wake na marafiki wa familia walianzisha shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organization, linalojulikana kwa pamoja kama Horn Relief, shirika lisilo la kiserikali (NGO). ) ambapo aliwahi kuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji. Mnamo 2012, Horn Relief ilibadilisha jina lake kuwa Adeso .<ref name=hornwho>{{cite web |url=http://adesoafrica.org/about-us/history/ |title=History |author=Neo Creative |publisher= |access-date=31 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503165832/http://adesoafrica.org/about-us/history/ |archive-date=3 May 2015 }}</ref>.Wakati Jibrell alistaafu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji mwaka 2006, anashikilia nafasi katika bodi ya wakurugenzi ya shirika na katika mipango yake ya Somalia. Adeso anaelezea dhamira yake kama kazi ya ngazi ya chini inayolenga kuinua jamii za wenyeji. Jibrell alihusika sana katika kuundwa kwa Muungano wa Wanawake wa Amani ili kuhimiza ushiriki zaidi wa wanawake katika siasa na masuala ya kijamii.<ref>Tekla Szymanski, [http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/597.cfm "Fatima Jibrell: Nursing Nature"], ''World Press Review'' (July 2002)</ref>.Pia alianzisha kampuni ya Sun Fire Cooking, ambayo inalenga kutambulisha jiko la sola nchini Somalia ili kupunguza utegemezi wa mkaa kama nishati. Mnamo mwaka wa 2008, Jibrell aliandika na kutayarisha kwa pamoja filamu fupi yenye jina Charcoal Traffic, ambayo inatumia hadithi ya kubuni kuelimisha umma kuhusu mgogoro wa mkaa. Filamu hiyo iliongozwa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Nathan Collett . Mnamo mwaka wa 2011, Jibrell pamoja na mwanadiplomasia mstaafu wa Australia James Lindsay pia walichapisha Peace and Milk: Scenes of Northern Somalia, kitabu cha picha kuhusu nchi ya kuhamahama na maisha ya Somalia. Kazi hiyo imepokea sifa za kimataifa kutoka kwa mashirika ya mazingira, ikiwa ni pamoja na Goldman Environmental Foundation na Resistants pour la Terre. ==Marejeo== {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] 46er7tvvayj0mdf1w2i20w1a2fv32jw Narciso Orellana 0 165574 1509643 1362296 2026-04-25T11:24:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Narciso Oswaldo Orellana Guzmán''' (amezaliwa 28 Januari [[1995]]) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mchezaji wa kandanda]] wa [[El Salvador]] ambaye anacheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] wa klabu ya Primera División Alianza na timu ya taifa ya El Salvador. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico|title=Narciso Orellana, la sorpresa ante México|first=La Prensa|author=Gráfica|work=La Prensa Gráfica|accessdate=2023-03-12|archive-date=2017-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801054655/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGráfica">Gráfica, La Prensa. [http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico "Narciso Orellana, la sorpresa ante México"] {{Wayback|url=http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico |date=20170801054655 }}. ''La Prensa Gráfica''.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elsalvador.com/deportes/selecciones/376240/narciso-orellana-creo-que-hicimos-un-buen-trabajo/|title=Narciso Orellana: "Creo que hicimos un buen trabajo" - elsalvador.com|date=20 July 2017|publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.elsalvador.com/deportes/selecciones/376240/narciso-orellana-creo-que-hicimos-un-buen-trabajo/ "Narciso Orellana: "Creo que hicimos un buen trabajo" - elsalvador.com"]. 20 July 2017.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html|title=Narciso Orellana podría salir del Alianza: tiene ofertas en la MLS|publisher=|accessdate=2023-03-12|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034634/https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html "Narciso Orellana podría salir del Alianza: tiene ofertas en la MLS"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html |date=20201109034634 }}.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Santa-Tecla-bate-al-Alianza-y-recupera-la-segunda-plaza-20180419-0017.html|title=Santa Tecla bate al Alianza y recupera la segunda plaza|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Santa-Tecla-bate-al-Alianza-y-recupera-la-segunda-plaza-20180419-0017.html "Santa Tecla bate al Alianza y recupera la segunda plaza"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Santa-Tecla-bate-al-Alianza-y-recupera-la-segunda-plaza-20180419-0017.html |date=20180711022029 }}.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963|title=Deportes - elsalvador.com|work=www.edhdeportes.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963 "Deportes - elsalvador.com"]. ''www.edhdeportes.com''.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana|title=Hay ofertas por Narciso Orellana|first=El|author=Gráfico|publisher=|accessdate=2023-03-12|archivedate=2017-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801040754/http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGráfico">Gráfico, El. [http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana "Hay ofertas por Narciso Orellana"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana |date=20170801040754 }}.</cite></ref> [[File:Narciso orellana seleccionado el salvador.jpg|thumb|right]] {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira wa El Salvador]] giryeei388sok9w9e50xqrtzcloz2p9 Venevisión 0 181703 1509581 1492018 2026-04-25T06:24:47Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing Logotipo_de_Venevisión_(unoffical_blue_version).svg with [[File:Logotipo_de_Venevisión_(alternate_blue_version).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless 1509581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Logotipo de Venevisión (alternate blue version).svg|thumb|right|]] '''Venevisión''' ni mtandao wa [[televisheni]] wa [[Venezuela]] unaomilikiwa na [[Grupo Cisneros]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lo Mejor de Venevisión desde 1961|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/112682086@N07/31045311067|website=[[Flickr]]|accessdate=2024-03-18|date=2018-11-21}}</ref> Ilianzishwa mnamo Machi 1, 1961 na [[Diego Cisneros]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VENEVISIÓN EN SU 60 ANIVERSARIO: UNA HISTORIA QUE HABLA POR SÍ SOLA.|url=https://www.lamovidaenvenezuela.com/2021/03/01/venevision-en-su-60-aniversario-una-historia-que-habla-por-si-sola/|website=La Movida Venezuela|accessdate=2024-05-09|date=2021-03-01|archive-date=2024-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511085943/https://www.lamovidaenvenezuela.com/2021/03/01/venevision-en-su-60-aniversario-una-historia-que-habla-por-si-sola/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ni moja ya wazalishaji wakubwa wa telenovelas, pamoja na [[Televisa]], [[Telemundo]], [[TV Globo]], [[Caracol Televisión]], [[RCN Televisión]], [[ABS-CBN]] na [[GMA Network]].<ref name="cisneros-nyt">{{cite web|title=Media Mogul Learns to Live With Chávez|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/05/world/americas/05venez.html?_r=4&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/Venezuela&oref=slogin&|website=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2024-03-18|date=2007-07-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.venevision.com Venevisión] {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:kampuni za Venezuela]] [[Jamii:Televisheni]] 1fyrjjnigrlobyhwf0ec8u5dkqkfwsy Catherine Credo 0 181838 1509391 1482606 2026-04-24T12:59:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine credo''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa kike wa [[Tanzania]] anayefahamika zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Neema na Hidaya katika [[filamu]] za (FATUMA & BAHASHA ) zote zikionyeshwa kwenye mtandao wa Netflix, Bibie katika kipindi cha Tv KOMBOLELA (2021), Frida katika filamu ya FRIDA ( 2022) ,Dorice katika kipindi cha Tv cha SINIA ([[2022]]) , Mwahamu katika Filamu fupi ya NIA (2023) filamu iliyoandaliwa na Seko shamte , Kidawa katika filamu ya KIDAWA ([[2023]]) inayoonyeshwa kwenye mtandao wa Showmax na katika kipindi cha Tv cha DHOHAR ([[2024]]) kama sabina kinachooneshwa kwenye [[DStv|DSTV]]. ==Taaluma== Kwa filamu ya Kiswahili ya Jordan Riber 2018 aliyoshirikishwa kama "Neema" inayoitwa, ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Fatuma'', pia akiwa na [[Beatrice Taisamo]] na [[Ayoub Bombwe]], aliteuliwa na kutunukiwa tuzo ya "Muigizaji bora wa kike" katika kitengo maalum cha Sinema za Swahili. Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Zanzibar la 2018.<ref name=US>Cite web |url=https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/03/07/new-movie-features-africas-everyday-superheroes-women-farmers/ |title=USAID Tanzania Supported Film “Kumekucha: FATUMA” Wins Top Swahili Awards at 2018 Zanzibar Film |publisher=Africa Lead |access-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022021831/https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/03/07/new-movie-features-africas-everyday-superheroes-women-farmers/ |url-status=dead </ref><ref>Cite web |url=https://www.paff.org/films/#!/film/fatuma |title=Fatuma: Feature {{!}} Narrative |publisher=PAFF |access-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109175610/https://www.paff.org/films/#!/film/fatuma |url-status=dead </ref> Bado mnamo mwaka [[2018]], alishiriki tena katika tamthilia ya lugha ya Kiswahili ya Jordan Riber iliyoitwa, Bahasha, ambayo aliigiza nafasi ya Hidaya. Nyota wengine walioangaziwa ni pamoja na [[Ayoub Bombwe]] na Godliver Gordian.<ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8540608/ |title=Bahasha (2018) |publisher= IMDb |access-date=November 7, 2020.</ref><ref>https://torontoblackfilm.com/movie/bahasha/ |title=BAHASHA |last=Riber |first=Jordan |publisher=Toronto International Black Film Festival |access-date=November 7, 2020.</ref> Katika Tuzo za 15 za ''Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA-[[2019]])'', aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya mwingizaji bora mwenye umri mdogo katika filamu ya Fatuma,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762 {{Wayback|url=http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762 |date=20201114080908 }} | title = AMAA 2019, the nominees {{!}} The ceremony is scheduled on the 27th of October 2019 in Lagos, Nigeria |last=Dia |first=Thierno Ibrahima |date=September 19, 2019 |publisher=Africine |access-date=November 7, 2020</ref> ambayo alishinda Cynthia Dankwa wa [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amaa-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-award/m1ppsb7 |last=Gbenga |first=Bada | title = AMAA 2019: Here are all the winners at the 15th edition of award|website=Pulse Nigeria | date = Oktoba 27, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2020</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://hotfm.ng/abuja/2019/10/28/amaa-2019-see-full-list-of-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-movie-award/ {{Wayback|url=http://hotfm.ng/abuja/2019/10/28/amaa-2019-see-full-list-of-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-movie-award/ | date = 20201109202812}} |title=AMAA 2019: SEE FULL LIST OF WINNERS AT THE 15TH EDITION OF MOVIE AWARD |publisher=HotFM |access-date=November 9, 2020</ref> == Kazi za filamu == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Nafasi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Maelezo ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Rejea |- |2023 |''Dhohar'' |Sabina |Mfululizo wa Televisheni | |- |2022 |''Ndoano'' |Somoe |Tamthilia | |- |2021–2022 |''Kombolela'' |Bibie |Mfululizo wa Televisheni | |- | rowspan=2|2018 | ''[[Bahasha (film)|Bahasha - The Envelope]]'' | Mwigizaji (''Hidaya'') | Tamthilia | |- | ''[[Fatuma (film)|Haditha za Kumekucha: Fatuma]]'' | Mwigizaji (''Neema'') | Tamthilia | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] tudc33bsna39miljq5q43pt42w5sais Eliot Matazo 0 182835 1509495 1340090 2026-04-24T18:07:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliot Matazo''' (alizaliwa [[15 Februari]] [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Ubelgiji]], ambaye anacheza kama [[kiungo]] katika klabu ya [[Royal Antwerp]] inayoshiriki [[ligi Kuu]] ya [[Ubelgiji]] akitokea [[AS Monaco]] kwa mkopo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eliot MATAZO|url=https://www.asmonaco.com/en/joueurs/eliot-matazo/|work=AS Monaco|accessdate=2024-06-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518092316/https://www.asmonaco.com/en/joueurs/eliot-matazo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] pzvebqqyj2ku1w53eqf5knuwhm8uu76 Keith Abbis 0 184893 1509591 1438537 2026-04-25T07:00:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Douglas Abbis''' (alizaliwa 26 Aprili [[1932]]) ni raia wa [[Uingereza]] mchezaji wa [[Mpira wa miguu|kandanda]] la kulipwa katika klabu ya Brighton &  Hove Albion inayoshiriki ligi kuu nchini Uingereza,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player10/keithabbis.html|work=www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com|accessdate=2024-07-29}}</ref>; alicheza kwenye nafasi ya ushambuliaji. Alifunga magoli matatu akiwa na Brighton, yakiweko yale kwenye ushindi wa 3-2 dhidi ya Middlesbrough mnamo mwezi wa 4 mwaka [[1960]]. Pia alivitumikia vilabu ambavyo sio vya ligi kuu kama Hitchin Town, Chelmsford City, Romford na Brentwood Town.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.enfa.co.uk/playersearch.php |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-07-29 |archive-date=2021-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102130637/http://www.enfa.co.uk/playersearch.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1932]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Uingereza]] 4o2ix5rhs1sivirnrr6d9vhv22t97gi Eystein Jansen 0 185455 1509499 1419076 2026-04-24T19:32:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eystein Jansen''' (aliyezaliwa 28 Februari 1953) ni profesa wa [[Norwei]] katika jiolojia ya baharini na paleoceanografia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bergen, na mtafiti na Mkurugenzi wa zamani wa Kituo cha Bjerknes cha [[Utafiti wa Hali ya Hewa]] (BCCR). Yeye pia ni makamu wa rais wa Baraza la Utafiti la Ulaya (ERC), kama kiongozi wa kisayansi wa kujitolea kwa [[EU]] kwa utafiti wa kimsingi katika nyanja za sayansi ya kimwili na uhandisi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eystein Jansen elected Vice President of the ERC|url=https://www.uib.no/en/news/157766/eystein-jansen-elected-vice-president-erc|work=University of Bergen|accessdate=2024-08-29|language=en|archive-date=2024-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003193554/https://www.uib.no/en/news/157766/eystein-jansen-elected-vice-president-erc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya PhD yake Jansen alipewa nafasi ya mtafiti na kuunda Maabara ya Kitaifa ya jiokemia nyepesi ya isotope katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bergen, ambayo ilianzishwa mnamo 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eystein Jansen hedres for livslang innsats|url=https://www.uib.no/matnat/123422/eystein-jansen-hedres-livslang-innsats|work=Universitetet i Bergen|accessdate=2024-08-29|language=nb}}</ref> Kuanzishwa kwa maabara hiyo kulileta Jansen katika kuwasiliana na watu wengi mashuhuri kimataifa katika paleoclimatology, na haswa mawasiliano yake ya karibu na mwanasayansi wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]] Nicholas Shackleton yalianzisha kazi yake. Mnamo 1985 Jansen aliajiriwa kama profesa mshirika katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bergen]], na mnamo 1993 alipandishwa cheo na kuwa profesa kamili. Jansen amechapisha karatasi zipatazo 200 za kisayansi kuhusu uhusiano kati ya mzunguko wa bahari na [[mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa]] huku akitilia mkazo juu ya kujenga na kufa kwa karatasi za barafu. Masomo yake mengi yanatoka katika maeneo ya Aktiki na chini ya Aktiki, lakini kazi yake pia inahusisha bahari katika Ulimwengu wa Kusini na nchi za tropiki. Kazi yake inachanganya mbinu za kijiokemia na mchanga kwenye mchanga wa bahari uliopatikana kupitia ushiriki hai wa Mpango wa Uchimbaji wa Bahari, mpango wa Picha na safari nyingi za meli za Norway. Mnamo 2014 Jansen alipokea Ruzuku ya Harambee ya ERC (ice2ice) kufanya kazi na wachunguzi wengine wakuu watatu kuhusu mabadiliko ya ghafla ya hali ya hewa. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Kisayansi la [[Baraza la Utafiti la Ulaya]], yeye ni Mkurugenzi wa Masomo wa [[Academia Europaea Bergen Knowledge Hub]], na anaongoza kikundi cha Geoscience cha Chuo cha Sayansi na Barua cha Norway. Jansen pia ni mkurugenzi mwenza wa Kituo cha SapienCE ambacho ni Kituo cha Ubora cha Norway kilichotunukiwa na Baraza la Utafiti la Norway mwaka wa 2017, na kusimamiwa na Chuo Kikuu cha Bergen, kuunganisha akiolojia, sayansi ya hali ya hewa na utambuzi na sayansi ya neva katika masomo ya kuibuka kwa tabia ya kisasa katika Homo sapiens Kusini mwa Afrika miaka 120,000-50,000 iliyopita. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:WikiClimate Connect 2024 in Tanzania]] 5y4vmfcxpzqzdadm7orcz79xy6o4ohb Mtumiaji:Michael Alacoque 2 204843 1509444 1509172 2026-04-24T13:33:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-25110-22|~2026-25110-22]] ([[User talk:~2026-25110-22|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:~2025-31165|~2025-31165]] 1408393 wikitext text/x-wiki Michael Alacoque 4k6m3odhbnp4flnb392u9clfbv4i3uk Frehiwot Tamiru 0 205474 1509514 1452257 2026-04-24T21:10:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frehiwot Tamiru''' ni mfanyakazi wa [[umma]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]]. Tangu tarehe [[25 Julai]] [[2018]], amekuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Ethio Telecom, kampuni kubwa ya simu na intaneti nchini Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortune |first=(Addis) |title=FACES BEHIND THE FORCES |url=https://addisfortune.news/faces-behind-the-forces/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112204653/https://addisfortune.news/faces-behind-the-forces/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=alm |date=2022-08-12 |title=FREHIWOT TAMRU - CEO, Ethio telecom |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/frehiwot-tamru-ceo-ethio-telecom/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Africa Leaders Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112203154/https://africanleadersmagazine.com/frehiwot-tamru-ceo-ethio-telecom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethio Telecom Appoints Frehiwot Tamiru New CEO |url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/6458/Ethio-Telecom-Appoints-Frehiwot-Tamiru-New-CEO |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.ezega.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=Ethiopia : Ethio Telecom CEO Frehiwot Tamiru: an Abiy protégée with devoted underlings - 17/11/2023 |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-africa-and-the-horn/2023/11/17/ethio-telecom-ceo-frehiwot-tamiru-an-abiy-protegee-with-devoted-underlings,110098752-ar2 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-05 |title=Ethio telecom CEO tops the 2023 Choiseul 100 Africa Economic Leaders of Tomorrow list |url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/ethio-telecom-ceo-tops-the-2023-choiseul-100-africa-economic-leaders-of-tomorrow-list/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Welcome to Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Ethio Telecom CEO Frehivat Tamru wins Africa's number one CEO award |url=https://addisgo.com/2022/07/30/ethio-telecom-ceo-frehivat-tamru-wins-africas-number-one-ceo-award/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=ADDIS GO |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi na elimu == Frehiwot alizaliwa na kukulia [[Addis Ababa]]. Frehiwot Tamru ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Usimamizi wa Biashara na Sayansi ya Mfumo wa Habari. Amewahi kufanya kazi wizara ya ujenzi, usafiri na mawasiliano, kisha kuanzisha kampuni yake ya simu ya Doxa IT Technology Plc. Mnamo 25 Julai 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Ethio Telecom. Chini ya uongozi wake, kampuni imepanuka na kukua kwani inakadiriwa mapato kuongezeka, na bei za huduma kushuka 40–50%. Amepokea tuzo kadhaa, ikiwemo Tuzo za Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Bora [[2022]] na kuingia kwenye orodha ya Choiseul 100 Africa [[2023]] ya viongozi vijana wa kiuchumi. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] ry6srn7nd9mlerxki7ji3xae3z9gzpf Nenadi Usman 0 215073 1509650 1459394 2026-04-25T11:31:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nenadi Esther Usman''' (alizaliwa [[12 Novemba]] [[1966]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]] na [[waziri]] wa zamani wa [[Fedha]] wa shirikisho. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta wa Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Nigeria akiwakilisha Jimbo la Seneta la [[Kusini]] la [[Kaduna]] katika uchaguzi wa Aprili 2011, kupitia tiketi ya Chama cha People’s Democratic Party (Nigeria). == Kazi za awali == Usman alianza masomo yake huko [[Jos]], kisha baadaye Kagoro, baada ya hapo akaenda kusoma katika Shule ya Shirikisho ya Serikali, Jos, [[Jimbo la Plateau]]. Baadaye alipata shahada yake ya kwanza katika [[Jiografia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, [[Zaria]], na baadaye stashahada ya [[uzamili]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jos. Alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Dana Ventures na baadaye mshauri mtendaji katika Jimbo la Kaduna mnamo 1992. Pia alikuwa mshauri mtendaji mnamo 1993 na kisha afisa mkuu wa rasilimali watu katika FCDA kuanzia 1994 hadi 1998.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Apoola |first=Tope |date=2023 |title=Nenadi USMAN |url=https://litcaf.com/nenadi-usman/ |website=itcaf.com |accessdate=2025-09-29 |archive-date=2024-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421140004/https://litcaf.com/nenadi-usman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alabelewa |first=Abdulgafar |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Former Finance Minister Nenadi Usman loses husband |pages=1 |work=The Nation newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/former-finance-minister-nenadi-usman-loses-husband/}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Amehudumu kama mwanachama wa kikao cha jimbo la Kaduna cha chama cha zamani cha National Republican Convention (NRC). Pia alikuwa mbunge mteule wa [[Bunge]] la Wawakilishi la Nigeria akiwakilisha jimbo la shirikisho la Kachia/Kagarko kupitia United Nigeria Congress Party mnamo 1998. Aliteuliwa kuwa kamishna katika Jimbo la Kaduna kuanzia 1999 hadi 2002, kisha kamishna wa [[mazingira]] na rasilimali asilia wa jimbo hilo mnamo 2002, na baadaye kamishna wa [[afya]] kuanzia 2002 hadi 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9baf3822-3e0d-11db-bd60-0000779e2340.html |title=Election throws a shadow over Nigeria's newfound fiscal probity |author=Dino Mahtani |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=September 7, 2006}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] s1v4nfjfqmc8o2ctmxvkr2inpsiqq0a Gifty Ayew Asare 0 221075 1509530 1504182 2026-04-24T22:20:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gifty Ayew Asare''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[9 Juni]] [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Ghana]] anayecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Mwaka [[2018]], alichaguliwa kujiunga na Black Queens, [[timu ya taifa]] ya wanawake ya Ghana, baada ya kufunga mabao 27 katika mechi 19 alizocheza na timu ya Lady Maverick F.C Soccer Team ya Chuo cha Northern Oklahoma nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifunga jumla ya mabao 50 katika misimu miwili aliyocheza kwenye Ligi ya NJCAA Daraja la Kwanza (D1). Ameshinda [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Wiki mara kadhaa katika misimu yote miwili aliyocheza kwenye [[Ligi]] ya NJCAA D1 nchini [[Marekani]]. Pia alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Kushambulia wa Mwaka mara mbili katika misimu hiyo miwili. Aidha, alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora Zaidi (MVP) na kutambuliwa kuingia katika Timu ya Tatu ya All-American ya NJCAA D1 nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/us-based-gifty-ayew-asare-invited-for-black-queens-friendly-against-france-next-month|title=US-based Gifty Ayew Asare invited for Black Queens friendly against France next month|website=GhanaSoccernet|language=en|access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref><ref name=GhanaSportsOnline>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanasportsonline.com/2018/04/ghanaian-female-attacker-gifty-asare-honoured-usa/|title=Ghanaian female attacker Gifty Asare honoured in USA|date=2018-04-17|website=Ghana Sports Online|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901214851/https://ghanasportsonline.com/2018/04/ghanaian-female-attacker-gifty-asare-honoured-usa/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ghanaguardian>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaguardian.com/ghanaian-female-striker-gifty-asare-honored-in-usa|title=Ghanaian Female striker Gifty Asare honored in USA|website=The Ghana Guardian News|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> Mbali na uchezaji, Gifty Ayew Asare ana leseni za [[Kocha|ukocha]] Daraja C na D, ni kocha wa maendeleo ya vijana aliyeidhinishwa na [[FIFA]], ni kocha msaidizi wa timu ya taifa ya [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] chini ya umri wa miaka 18, na pia ni kocha msaidizi wa klabu ya FC Epiphany Warriors. Mnamo 2017, alikua mchezaji wa kwanza wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kushiriki katika shindano la Miss Ghana USA. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Miss-Ghana-USA-organization-marks-60-years-of-Ghana-s-independence-559692|title=Miss Ghana USA organization marks 60 years of Ghana's independence|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> == Kazi za kimataifa == Mnamo [[2014]] alipewa jukumu lake la kwanza la kitaifa kuichezea Black Maidens kabla ya Kombe la Dunia la U17 lililoandaliwa [[Kosta Rika|Costa Rica]] lakini hakuchaguliwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Ex-Black-Maidens-player-rocks-US-with-23-goals-and-11-assists-in-maiden-season-539505|title=Ex-Black Maidens player rocks US with 23 goals and 11 assists in maiden season|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-03-08}}</ref> Mnamo [[2017]] aliitwa na kocha wa wakati huo wa Black Queens Dramani Mas-Ud Didi katika kikosi chake cha muda cha wachezaji 28 kwa ajili ya kupiga kambi kabla ya mchezo wa kirafiki wa kimataifa dhidi ya [[Ufaransa]] mnamo [[23 Oktoba|Oktoba 23]] huko [[Paris]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2017/10/ghana-vs-france-friendly-28-black-queens-invited/|title=Ghana Vs France Friendly: 28-Black Queens invited {{!}} Starr Fm|author=Bebli|first=Anthony|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-03-08}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} 4y1gki4opcs2d0qgrbih808b2cm4x9j Eloho 0 221109 1509496 1503551 2026-04-24T18:20:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eloho Jocelyn Efemuai''' (alizaliwa [[20 Julai]] 1973) ni [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kutoka Afrika kuanzisha kituo cha [[redio]] nchini Uskochi. Ni mtangazaji wa redio, mzungumzaji wa umma, mshauri wa mikakati ya chapa binafsi (personal brand strategist), na mwanamuziki wa asili ya [[Nigeria]] na Uskochi. Anafanya [[Nyimbo za Kiinjili|muziki wa injili]] wa kisasa wa mijini (urban contemporary gospel).<ref name="LTtM Interview">{{cite web|first=Jono|last=Davies|title=Interview: Eloho|url=http://www.louderthanthemusic.com/document.php?id=5462|publisher=Louder Than the Music|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> Ametoa [[albamu]] mbili za studio, ''Arise'' (2014) na ''Unrestrained'' (2016). Aidha, ameandika vitabu viwili: ''Start Your Day Right'' na ''You Are Not Everyone’s Cup of Tea''.<ref name="CR Review One">{{cite web|first=Lins|last=Honeyman|title=Review: Arise – Eloho|url=http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Arise/150266/|publisher=[[Cross Rhythms]]|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=12 March 2014|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211161458/http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Arise/150266/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="JoGM One">{{cite web|first=Bob|last=Marovich|title=Eloho – Arise|url=http://journalofgospelmusic.com/reviews-2/eloho-arise/|journal=Journal of Gospel Music|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=25 May 2014}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na historia == Efemuai alizaliwa, Eloho Jocelyn Efemuai, mnamo tarehe 20 Julai [[1973]], binti mdogo wa Ifoghale Amata na Joy Omotoyinbo, [[dada]] wa Fred Amata na Zach Amata. [[Mpwa]] wake ni Jeta Amata . <ref name="LTtM Interview2">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Jono|author=Davies|title=Interview: Eloho|url=http://www.louderthanthemusic.com/document.php?id=5462|publisher=Louder Than the Music|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Kazi yake ya kurekodi muziki ilianza mwaka wa 2014, akiwa na albamu ya studio, ''Arise'', ambayo ilitolewa tarehe [[15 Machi]] [[2014]]. <ref name="CR Review One2">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Lins|author=Honeyman|title=Review: Arise – Eloho|url=http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Arise/150266/|publisher=[[Cross Rhythms]]|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=12 March 2014|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211161458/http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Arise/150266/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="JoGM One2">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Bob|author=Marovich|title=Eloho – Arise|url=http://journalofgospelmusic.com/reviews-2/eloho-arise/|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=25 May 2014}}</ref> Alitoa ''Unrestrained'', albamu yake ya pili tarehe [[29 Julai]] [[2016]]. <ref name="CR Review Two">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Lins|author=Honeyman|title=Review: Unrestrained – Eloho|url=http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Unrestrained/162399/|publisher=[[Cross Rhythms]]|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=4 February 2017|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155412/http://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/products/Eloho/Unrestrained/162399/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="JoGM Two">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Bob|author=Marovich|title=Eloho – Unrestrained|url=http://journalofgospelmusic.com/contemporary/eloho-unrestrained/|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=4 August 2016}}</ref> Wimbo, "He's Alive", ulitolewa siku ya kuzaliwa kwake, <ref name="FB Post">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Eloho (@Elohosmusic)|title=Birthday post|url=https://www.facebook.com/Elohosmusic/posts/721855417953643?comment_id=721889751283543&reply_comment_id=721998261272692&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R0%22%7D|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=11 July 2016}}</ref> Julai 20, kwenye chaneli yake ya YouTube. <ref name="Single">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Eloho Efemuai (@Eloho Efemuai)|title=He's Alive|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO9t9AqvAZc|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=20 July 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 0ik880ftleo4id9fxox0m21klysdnkf Douyé 0 221112 1509489 1503757 2026-04-24T17:02:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Douyé''' (alizaliwa [[4 Januari]] [[1969]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Jimbo la Lagos|Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], ambaye sasa anaishi [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[Marekani]]. Ameweka kumbukumbu ya [[albamu]] tano. Albamu zake mbili za mwanzo zilikuwa za [[R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|R&B]], lakini alihamia kwenye [[jazz]] katika albamu yake ya tatu, kutimiza ombi la baba yake aliyekufa alipo mtoto, la kuimba jazz. Albamu yake ya nne ni fasiri ya jazz ya [[muziki]] wa bossa nova na samba, ikionyesha uhusiano wake na mitindo ya kimataifa ya muziki.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-07-25|title=Douyé: The Golden Sèkèrè album review @ All About Jazz|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/golden-sekere-douye-rhombus-records/|access-date=2024-05-28|website=All About Jazz|language=en|archive-date=2024-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529192957/https://www.allaboutjazz.com/golden-sekere-douye-rhombus-records/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AA Jazz">{{cite news|last1=Worsley|first1=Jim|title=Douye: At Last, A Sophisticated Lady|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/douye-at-last-a-sophisticated-lady-douye-by-jim-worsley.php|accessdate=21 September 2020|work=All About Jazz|date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Douyé alizaliwa Januari 4, 1969 katika [[Hospitali]] ya Wazazi ya Island huko Lagos, Nigeria. Baba yake alikuwa Landy Youduba na mama yake alikuwa Diepreye (nee Isenah) Youduba. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=|first=|date=2023-07-25|title=Douyé: The Golden Sèkèrè album review @ All About Jazz|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/golden-sekere-douye-rhombus-records/|accessdate=2024-05-28|work=All About Jazz|language=en}}</ref> Akiwa mtoto alikulia Lagos, Douyé alipendezwa na muziki wa Marekani wa [[Billie Holiday]], Sarah Vaughn, Ray Charles, [[Ella Fitzgerald]], na [[Frank Sinatra]] . Alianza kuandika mashairi, na hatimaye nyimbo ambazo alianza kuimba akiwa na umri wa miaka mitano. Akitiwa moyo na [[baba]] yake, Douyé alijiunga na kwaya ya kanisa la hapo. <ref name="thejazznu.com">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Douye|url=http://thejazzvnu.com/douye/|work=thejazznu.com|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref> Douyé alihudhuria Shule ya Msingi ya Methodisti ya Lagos na shule ya upili kuhitimu kutoka Chuo cha Serikali mnamo 1988. Baada ya kukaa London, alihamia Los Angeles kuhudhuria Taasisi ya Wanamuziki huko Hollywood kama mtaalamu wa sauti na huko akapendezwa na kurekodi muziki wa R&B. <ref name="blackgrooves.org">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nelson-Strauss|first=Brenda|title=Women of the World: Douyé|url=http://blackgrooves.org/women-of-the-world-douye/|work=blackgrooves.org|accessdate=6 April 2018|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143311/http://blackgrooves.org/women-of-the-world-douye/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alisomea kazi ya kijamii na kupata shahada yake ya kwanza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California State, Los Angeles mnamo [[1999]]. Mnamo 2001, alipata shahada yake ya uzamili kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha California State, Long Beach katika kazi ya kijamii. Mnamo 2023, alipata shahada yake ya udaktari katika saikolojia ya kimatibabu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California Southern. == Kazi == Baada ya kuhudhuria Taasisi ya Wanamuziki huko Hollywood, Douyé alifunzwa na alikuwa na masomo ya kibinafsi kwa miaka mingi na Howlett Smith, mpiga piano wa jazba, Mtunzi, mwalimu, na kocha wa sauti hadi kifo chake mwaka wa [[2019]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=|date=2020-02-24|title=Final Note: Howlett ‘Smitty’ Smith {{!}} 47 Blog {{!}} AFM Local 47|url=https://www.afm47.org/press/final-note-howlett-smitty-smith/|accessdate=2024-05-28|language=en-US}}</ref> Katika Taasisi ya Wanamuziki, Douyé alikutana na mtunzi wa nyimbo Terry Shaddick, ambaye aliandika wimbo maarufu wa Olivia Newton-John wa platinamu nyingi, "Physical." Shaddick na Douyé walishirikiana kwenye nyimbo ambazo zikawa albamu yake ya kwanza, ''Journey,'' mwaka wa [[2007]]. ''So Much Love'' ilikuwa albamu yake ya pili ya R&B, na ilikuwa na vipengele vya jazz na [[reggae]]. Nyimbo zote ziliandikwa kwa ushirikiano, tena, na Douyé na Shaddick, huku mwenzake wa Nigeria Dapo Torimiro akichangia katika nyimbo kadhaa. Mpiga gitaa/mtayarishaji Chris Sholar na mpiga kinanda/mtayarishaji wa jazz Philippe Saisse walionekana kwenye albamu hiyo. Wimbo mkuu uliwekwa wakfu kwa mwanamuziki maarufu wa [[Nigeria]], Fela Anikulapo Kuti . ''So Much Love'' ilitengenezwa na Ray Bardani na kuongozwa na Bernie Grundman . <ref name="allmusic.com">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Douye So Much Love|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/so-much-love-mw0002613462/credits|work=allmusic.com|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> Wimbo kutoka kwenye albamu hiyo, "Life Is Good," uliotayarishwa na Torimiro, ulipanda hadi nambari 9 kwenye chati ya soul ya Uingereza. Baada ya albamu mbili za R&B, Douyé alitoa albamu ''ya Daddy Said So,'' albamu ya jazz. Baba yake alikuwa amemsisitiza ajaribu aina hiyo katika taaluma yake, ombi alilompatia alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11 na alikuwa kitandani mwake. Matokeo yake, alianza kutumbuiza katika jamu za jazz katika Jukwaa la Dunia huko Los Angeles, kabla ya kurekodi albamu hiyo. Douyé alitoa albamu yake ya tano ya studio, ''The Golden Sèkèrè'', mnamo [[Julai]] [[2023]]. George Harris wa ''Jarida la Jazz Weekly'' alisema "Douye" anafanya kazi nzuri sana kuziba pengo kati ya sauti za jazz na za Kiafrika kwenye albamu hii ya viwango, inayowasilishwa kupitia lenzi ya pembe ya Afrika." == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 0p1nz519ry5nhvf3bbckkr7ruwh42w5 Edna Kiplagat 0 221425 1509491 1500072 2026-04-24T17:32:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509491 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edna Kiplagat, London Marathon 2011.jpg|thumb|Kiplagat katika Marathoni ya London mwaka 2011]] '''Edna Ngeringwony Kiplagat''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[15 Novemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio ndefu za kulipwa kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alikuwa bingwa wa dunia wa mbio za [[Mbio ya Marathoni|marathoni]] mwaka 2011 na 2013. Alijitambulisha kama mwanariadha wa kiwango cha juu cha marathoni baada ya kushinda mashindano ya marathoni ya [[Los Angeles]] na [[Jiji la New York|jiji la New York]] mwaka [[2010]]. Rekodi yake binafsi bora katika marathoni ni saa 2:19:50, aliyoiweka katika Marathoni ya [[London]] mwaka 2012.<ref name="boston_media_guide">{{cite news|url=http://www.bostonmarathonmediaguide.com/project/edna-kiplagat/|title=Edna Kiplagat - 2017 Boston Marathon Media Guide|access-date=April 17, 2017|archive-date=18 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418171335/http://www.bostonmarathonmediaguide.com/project/edna-kiplagat/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/sports/boston-marathon/2017/04/17/two-of-edna-kiplagats-kids-stole-the-show-at-the-boston-marathon-finish-line|title=Two of Edna Kiplagat's kids stole the show at the Boston Marathon finish line|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=April 17, 2017}}</ref> == Kazi == Katika mbio za mita 3000, Kiplagat alishinda medali ya fedha katika 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics na medali ya shaba katika 1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya kumi na tatu katika mbio ndefu kwenye 2006 World Cross Country Championships. Katika msimu huo huo, aliweka rekodi zake binafsi bora katika mita 5000 kwa muda wa dakika 15:57.3 mwezi Julai mjini [[Nairobi]], na katika half marathon kwa muda wa saa 1:09:32 mwezi Oktoba huko [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]. Mwezi Juni 2007, alikimbia mita 10,000 kwa muda wa dakika 33:27.0 mjini Nairobi.<ref name="bio">{{cite web |title=Edna Kiplagat |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/edna-kiplagat |website=World Athletics |accessdate=2026-03-28 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alishinda mbio za Virginia Beach Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon mwaka 2006,<ref>{{cite news |publisher=IAAF |title=Edna Kiplagat runs to Half Marathon victory in Virginia Beach |date=4 Septemba 2006 |url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=131072/newsId=36069.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021094036/http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind%3D131072/newsId%3D36069.html |archive-date=21 Oktoba 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> mbio za Lilac Bloomsday Run mwaka 2007, pamoja na Bay to Breakers (San Francisco) mwaka 2007. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanariadha-kenya}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] ezrlrc4tx50pdydj2zm85q6uoaxrur0 Djoher Amhis-Ouksel 0 222064 1509485 1501440 2026-04-24T16:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Djoher Amhis-Ouksel''' ([[Kiarabu]]: جوهر أمحيص أكسي J[[1928]] - [[5 Juni]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Algeria]] aliyeandika kwa lugha ya [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiberber]]. Alijulikana pia kama bibi wa mwanafizikia Yasmine Amhis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Djouher Amhis-Ouksel, grande figure des lettres algériennes, s’est éteinte|url=https://lematindalgerie.com/djouher-amhis-ouksel-grande-figure-des-lettres-algeriennes-sest-eteinte/|work=Le Matin d'Algérie|date=2025-06-06|accessdate=2026-02-04|language=fr-FR|author=La Rédaction}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Alizaliwa Aït Yenni mnamo 1928, Amhis-Ouksel alihudhuria shule ya ualimu huko [[Miliana]] kabla ya kuwa mwalimu huko [[Thenia|Thénia]] na [[Médéa]]. Alihudumu kwa muda kama mkaguzi wa elimu ya kitaifa kabla ya kurudi kufundisha [[Algiers]]. Mnamo 1983, Amhis-Ouksel alianza msururu wa kazi zinazohusu riwaya za Mouloud Mammeri, Mohammed Dib, Mouloud Feraoun, Malek Ouary, [[Taos Amrouche]], Abdelhamid ben Hadouga, Tahar Djaout, Assia Djebar, na Kateb Yacine.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kadi|first=Nadir|date=28 Oktoba 2019|title=Djoher Amhis-Ouksel: Kazi ya Kateb "ina umuhimu zaidi kuliko hapo awali leo"|url=https://www.reporters.dz/djoher-amhis-ouksel-loeuvre-katebienne-est-aujourdhui-plus-que-jamais-dactualite/|trans-title=|work=Reporters|language=French|location=|publisher=|access-date=6 Juni 2025}}</ref> Vitabu vingi kati ya hivi vilichapishwa na Casbah éditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casbah-editions.com/fr/auteurs/djoher-amhis-ouksel-0|title=Djoher Amhis-Ouksel|work=Casbah editions|language=French|accessdate=2026-03-28|archive-date=2024-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615195551/http://casbah-editions.com/fr/auteurs/djoher-amhis-ouksel-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwa kazi yake ya kuangazia Urithi wa fasihi wa Algeria, alipokea Tuzo ya Mahfoud-Boucebci mwaka wa [[2012]] na Tuzo ya Wakfu wa Nedjma mwaka wa [[2013]].<ref>{{cite news|last=D.|first=Lazhar|date=18 Machi 2013|title=Nedjma johme la Kimataifa la Feme la Kimataifa: écrivain à honor|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/54286|trans-title=|work=DjaZairess|language=French|location=|publisher=|access-date=6 Juni 2025}}</ref> Mnamo [[2016]], makala yenye kichwa ''Djoher Amhis, une femme d'exception'' ilitolewa, ambayo iliangazia michango yake ya kipekee katika fasihi ya Algeria na iliongozwa na M'hamed Amrouche.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7q0n2Er324|title=Amirouche Malek: Djoher Amhis, Mwanamke wa kipekee.|website=[[YouTube]]|date=21 Desemba 2016}}</ref> Aliandika wasifu wake, ''Le Chant de la nitelle'', mnamo 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=Septemba 15, 2013|title=Djoher Amhis Wimbo wa Nuthatch|url=https://www.livrescq.com/livrescq/djoher-amhis-le-chant-de-la-sitelle/|trans-title=|work=L'ivrEscQ|language=French|location=|publisher=|access-date=Juni 6, 2025}}</ref> Amhis-Ouksel alifariki Algiers mnamo Juni 5, 2025.<ref>{{cite habari |last=H.|first=Amel|tarehe=Juni 6, 2025|title=Djoher Amhis-Ouksel, doyenne de l'éducation et de littérature, s'est7 years|url=https://www.algerie360.com/djouher-amhis-ouksel-doyenne-de-leducation-et-de-la-litterature-sest-eteinte-a-97-ans/%7Ctrans-title={{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |work=Algérie360|language=French|location=</ref> == Kazi == * "Bei ya Heshima: Usomaji wa "Nafaka Kwenye Jiwe la Kusagia" na Malek Ouary" (2007) * "Kutoka Pwani Moja hadi Nyingine: Usomaji wa "Dunia na Damu" na "Barabara Zinazopanda" na Mouloud Feraoun" (2009) * "Taâssast: Usomaji wa "Kilima Kilichosahaulika" na Mouloud Mammeri" (2011)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.librairie-gallimard.com/livre/9789961644546-taassast-djoher-amhis-ouksel/|title=Taassast|work=Librarie Gallimard|language=French}}</ref> * "Njia ya Mababu." Usomaji wa "Usingizi wa Mwenye Haki" na Mouloud Mammeri (2012) * "Dar Sbitar: Usomaji wa "Nyumba Kubwa" na Mohammed Dib" (2012) * "Wimbo wa Nuthatch" (2012) * "Uhamisho na Kumbukumbu: Usomaji wa riwaya za Taos Amrouche" (2013) * "Benhadouga: Ukweli, Ndoto, Tumaini" (2013) * "Tahar Djaout: Mfumaji wa Nuru" (2013) * "Mimouni: Mwandishi, Shahidi, na Dhamiri" (2015) * "Asia Djebar: Kielelezo cha Alfajiri" (2016) ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1928]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2025]] [[jamii:waandishi wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Wikimalkia 2025-26 campaign in Tanzania]] kxuooetyeujdd1glizv85avoa0edrll Hafsa Zinaï Koudil 0 223027 1509541 1499513 2026-04-24T23:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Hafsa Zinaï Koudil |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |jina_la_kuzaliwa = Hafsa Zinaï Koudil |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 13 Septemba 1951 |mahali_pa_kuzaliwa = Ain Beida, Algeria |uraia = Algeria |makazi = Ufaransa |kazi = Mwandishi wa riwaya, mwandishi wa habari, mkurugenzi wa filamu |miaka_ya_kazi = |kazi_mashuhuri = ''Le Démon au féminin'' |tuzo = Prix du Public (Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Amiens) |ndoa = |watoto = |tovuti_rasmi = }} '''Hafsa Zinaï Koudil''' (alizaliwa mnamo mwaka [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]], [[mwandishi wa habari]], na [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[filamu]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yv1BH5Wz-ekC&pg=PA320|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|date=2005|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-424-943-3|language=en}}</ref>kutoka [[Aljeria|Algeria]] anayeishi nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&pg=PA134|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|last=Armes|first=Roy|date=2008-07-11|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-35116-6|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha == Hafsa Zinaï Koudil alizaliwa [[Tarehe|tarehe 13]] [[Septemba]] 1951 huko [[Aïn Beïda (Oum El Bouaghi)|Aïn Beïda]], mashariki mwa Algeria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - le leader mondial du cinéma africain et diaspora|url=http://africine.org/|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-02-11|language=fr|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309182853/http://www.africine.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kwa Radiodiffusion Télévision Algérienne hadi kugongana kwa hoja kuhusu filamu yake ya kwanza ya 16mm.<ref name=":1" /> Filamu yake ''Le Démon au féminin'' iliigiza hadithi halisi ya Latifa, mwanamke mwenye uwezo wa Algeria aliyejivunia kujitegemea aliyekataa kuvaa hijabu. Kwa ombi la mumewe, Latifa aliteswa kwa ukatili na wanamfundamendi wa Kiislamu mwaka [[1991]]: mateso yake yaliendelea kwa saa sita, na kumfanya ashindwe kutembea bila kiti cha [[magurudumu]]. Wakati akipiga filamu kati ya Septemba [[1992]] na Januari [[1993]], Hafsa Zinaï Koudil alipokea vitisho vya kuuawa. Baada ya jaribio la kumchukua kwa nguvu, alitoroka na kuhamia [[Tunisia]], akifuatwa na familia yake<ref name=":0" />. Alihitaji [[ulinzi]] wa [[polisi]] katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la [[Amiens]], ambapo filamu yake ilishiriki tuzo ya ''Prix du Public.''<ref>{{Citation|title=Variety (magazine)|date=2026-02-06|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variety_(magazine)&oldid=1337003659|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-02-11}}</ref> ==Kazi== ===Riwaya=== * ''La fin d'un rêve'' [Mwisho wa ndoto], 1984 * ''Le pari perdu'' [Kamari iliyopotea], 1986 * ''Papillon ne volera plus'' [Kipepeo asiyeweza kupaa tena], 1990 * ''Le passé décomposé'' [Zamani isiyo sahihi], 1992. * ''Sans voix'' [Asiye na sauti], 1997 ===Filamu=== * ''Le Démon au féminin'' / ''al-Shaytan imra`a'' [Mwanamke kama shetani], 1993/1994. ==Viungo vya Nje== * {{IMDb name | 0467935 }} == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Algeria]] lfuh8mg1l7pzm1oquxzae083azalb8z Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa 3 225160 1509638 1508957 2026-04-25T11:20:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Matumizi ya Translation tool */ 1509638 wikitext text/x-wiki == Karibu == Napenda kukukaribisha kwenye page yangu. @[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:33, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) :ahsante ndugu '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl|majadiliano]])''' 06:35, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) ==Kuchangia makala== Ukikuta makala ipo, usifute kazi ya wenzio kwa kutafsiri upya, tena kwa mashine. Ongezea palepale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 25 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Makala zenye utata wa vyanzo == Habari ndugu, Tunashukuru kwa kazi yako. Tafadhari ukisha ipandisha makala jaribu kuangalia kama kila kitu kimekaa sawa, makala zako nyingi zina kasoro kwenye viungo. Mfano makala hii '''Wafaa El-Sadr'''. Tafadhari rudia kuepuka kufutwa na kufungiwa. Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 12:27, 7 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == Matumizi ya Translation tool == Habari ndugu, Unatumia Translation tool na kuchapisha makala bila ya kuifanyia marekebisha kabisa. Hakikisha unapitia makala kwa kuweka kiswahili vizuri na miundo ya sentensi na sio kuamini kile kilichofanywa na tool yenyewe. Aidha ni bora kutumia njia ya kawaida kwa kufanya tafsiri kidogo kidogo na sio kutumia tool kutafsiri makala nzima bila ya mapitio ya kutosha. Matumizi ya translation tool sio vibaya kwani inarahisisha kazi ila inakuhitaji umakini wa kutosha kwenye kuweka kiswahili vizuri kabla ya kuchapisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 9 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Habari ndugu Anuary.nimekuelewa :naomba usiwe unafunga basi ila unielekeze nini cha kufanya kama ulivyoniambia hapo.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:23, 10 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Bado unarudia makosa yale yale, bora uandike makala fupi (aya mbili au tatu) inayoeleweka vizuri kuliko kutumia kutumia Transalation Tool kuchapisha makala ndefu yenye makosa mengi. Pia usifanye tafsiri ya Jina la chama cha siasa, kampuni n.k huandikwa kama ilivyo mfano katika makala hii ya [[Gorreth Namugga]] ulioandika tazama baada ya maboresho kadhaa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 08:01, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Sawa.asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:06, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Ndugu, mwenzako Valuegirl anazidi kujifunza uhariri, kumbe wewe unarudi nyuma. Vipi? Tafadhali, angalia ninavyorekebisha makala zako. Aamani kwako! --[[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-24519-62|&#126;2026-24519-62]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-24519-62|talk]]) 12:00, 21 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::asante kwa marekebisho.nitajitahidi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 21 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::Ndugu, sioni mabadiliko. Maana yake huangalii makala zako zinavyorekebishwa, kw. mf. kufuta references zisizorejelea chochote. Sasa nitakusimamisha kwa siku moja ili uwe na muda wa kujifunza katika masahihisho hayo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:37, 22 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::::Asante ndugu Riccardo.naendelea kujifunza zaidi nimejirekebisha sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 23 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::::::Mbona bado? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) 6urmwbutvpzseh7fmlghf9p9uzvuham Della Sowah 0 225423 1509480 1495826 2026-04-24T16:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Della Adjoa Sowah''' (alizaliwa [[23 Novemba]], [[1959]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ghana]] aliyekuwa Naibu Waziri wa Hali ya [[Jinsia]], [[Watoto]] na [[Ulinzi]] wa [[Jamii]]. Pia ni [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Kpandu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201603161564.html|title=Ghana: Teenage Pregnancy Increases From 6 to 26 Percent - Della Sowah|date=15 March 2016|newspaper=Ghanaian Chronicle|location=Accra|via=AllAfrica|accessdate=2020-08-03}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Sowah alizaliwa katika [[Kpandu]], Volta Region ya Ghana mnamo 23 Novemba 1959. == Elimu == Sowah alipata shahada yake katika Sayansi za Jamii kutoka Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology mnamo 1981. Ana Diploma katika [[Fedha]] na Shahada ya Uzamili (MBA) katika Usimamizi wa [[Biashara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Kpando |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&ID=248 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=MobileGhanaWeb.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kpando – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/kpando/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Election Data Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002111610/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/kpando/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ghana]] sxl7wm0nh7yqof8tevcninh52cv4rsw Joyce Bawah Mogtari 0 225447 1509572 1495865 2026-04-25T05:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Bawah Mogtari''' ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ghana]] ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businessdayghana.com/gcaa-will-be-divided-further-hon-joyce-bawah-mogtari/|title=GCAA will be divided further: Joyce Bawah Mogtari|date=17 November 2015|access-date=15 August 2016|archive-date=2016-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826123744/http://businessdayghana.com/gcaa-will-be-divided-further-hon-joyce-bawah-mogtari/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2014|title=List of Mahama's new ministers and deputy ministers |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/list-of-mahamas-new-ministers-and-deputy-ministers/ |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ghana]] 729qwhtcsnye2vxmw3msgrxr8rougr3 Fahoum Fahoum 0 226264 1509501 1499382 2026-04-24T19:44:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fahoum Fahoum''' ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa tenisi na mwanaharakati wa amani nchini [[Israeli]] mwenye asili ya [[Palestina]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fahoum Fahoum |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/fahoum-fahoum/fd51/overview |publisher=ATP Tour |access-date=2026-03-23}}</ref> Aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Israeli katika ngazi ya vijana, akishiriki katika Junior Davis Cup na mashindano ya Orange Bowl. Alicheza tenisi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Old Dominion na Chuo Kikuu cha Quinnipiac.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fahoum Fahoum – Old Dominion |url=https://odusports.com/sports/mens-tennis/roster/fahoum-fahoum/ |publisher=Old Dominion Monarchs |access-date=2026-03-23 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Palestina]] ioyw8t4nlsyz43nbifi9qtpwefb5jit Efe Üstündağ 0 226271 1509492 1499391 2026-04-24T17:39:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Efe Üstündağ''' (alizaliwa [[15 Januari]] [[1977]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa tenisi na [[kocha]] wa tenisi nchini [[Uturuki]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Efe Üstündağ |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/efe-ustundag/u021/overview |publisher=ATP Tour |access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa timu ya Uturuki katika Davis Cup kuanzia mwaka [[1998]] hadi [[2001]]. Katika taaluma yake, alishinda mataji mawili ya ITF katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Efe Üstündağ Davis Cup Profile |url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800185721 |publisher=Davis Cup |access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> Alicheza tenisi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rice nchini [[Marekani]], akitunukiwa heshima za All-American mara mbili. Tangu mwaka [[2012]], alikuwa [[kocha]] mkuu wa timu ya wanaume ya Chuo Kikuu cha Rice, akitunukiwa tuzo ya C-USA Coach of the Year mwaka [[2016]] na [[2017]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Efe Üstündağ – Rice |url=https://riceowls.com/sports/mens-tennis/roster/coaches/efe-ustundag/ |publisher=Rice Owls |access-date=2026-03-25 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uturuki]] jsc9trr844mn39hgi8f2sm11wuja0sl Ekaterina Kosminskaya 0 226297 1509494 1499417 2026-04-24T17:47:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ekaterina Kosminskaya''' (alizaliwa [[24 Juni]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa tenisi nchini [[Urusi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ekaterina Kosminskaya |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/ekaterina-kosminskaya/800211679/rus/wt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> Katika mashindano ya vijana, alifikia cheo cha juu zaidi cha 10 duniani katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili. Alishinda taji la Orange Bowl katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili mwaka [[2003]] akiwa na Marina Erakovic.<ref>{{cite web |title=2003 Orange Bowl Champions |url=https://www.collegeandjuniortennis.com/orangebowl.htm |publisher=College and Junior Tennis |access-date=2026-03-25 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alicheza tenisi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Pennsylvania]], akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Penn Quakers kuanzia mwaka [[2006]] hadi [[2009]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ekaterina Kosminskaya – Penn |url=https://pennathletics.com/sports/womens-tennis/roster/ekaterina-kosminskaya/ |publisher=Penn Quakers |access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Urusi]] 416t8s8i871aryn418ns2sgv6u71g2v Aline Sitoe Diatta 0 226349 1509592 1499919 2026-04-25T07:23:48Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Maisha ya Awali */ 1509592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aline Sitoe Diatta''' ([[1920]] - [[22 Mei]] [[1944]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa kiroho wa kabila la Wajola na mwombaji [[mvua]] mashuhuri aliyeishi katika nchi ya [[Senegal]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]]. Mara nyingi alilinganishwa na shujaa wa Ufaransa, [[Jeanne d'Arc]]. ==Maisha ya Awali== Aline Sitoe Diatta alizaliwa Kabrousse, eneo la Basse Casamance, nchini Senegal (chini ya utawala wa Ufaransa) mnamo mwaka 1920.{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=342|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Baada ya kupata pigo la kufiwa na wazazi wake na kubaki yatima katika umri mdogo, alichukuliwa na kulelewa na mjomba wake aliyeitwa Elubaliin.{{sfnm|1a1=Schwarz-Bart|1y=2001|1p=60|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Aline alikuwa akisumbuliwa na aina fulani ya ulemavu wa viungo uliomfanya achechemee, hali iliyopunguza uwezo wake wa kushiriki kikamilifu katika shughuli za kilimo za mji huo.{{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=343|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Karibu mwaka [[1935]], alihamia jiji la Dakar kufanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani,{{sfnm|1a1=Schwarz-Bart|1y=2001|1p=62|2a1=Toliver-Diallo|2y=2005|2p=343}} lakini baadaye alirejea kijijini kwake Kabrousse baada ya kupata maono ambayo aliamini yalitoka kwa Emitai, ambaye ni mungu mkuu katika imani za kidini za watu wa Jola.{{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=343|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} ==Harakati na Upinzani dhidi ya Ukoloni== Aliporejea Kabrousse, Aline Sitoe alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa na heshima kama kiongozi wa kiroho mwenye ushawishi. Alifanya kazi kwa kupinga vikali mamlaka za kikoloni za Kifaransa, akihimiza watu kukataa kilimo cha mazao ya biashara yaliyoamriwa na wakoloni, kususia kodi za kichwa, na kukataa uandikishaji wa lazima wa vijana kujiunga na jeshi la kikoloni. Aidha, alihimiza utamaduni wa kafara za [[ng’ombe]], hatua ambayo ilidhoofisha juhudi za Wafaransa za kujipatia chakula kwa ajili ya vituo vyao vya mijini vilivyoko kaskazini mwa Senegal. Idadi kubwa ya mahujaji waliokuwa wakisafiri kutoka vijiji vya jirani ili kufika Kabrousse kumtembelea ilizua hofu na taharuki miongoni mwa maafisa wa kikoloni. Mnamo mwaka [[1943]], kufuatia mapigano ya vurugu yaliyotokea katika vijiji mbalimbali ndani ya mkoa wa Basse Casamance, vikosi vya Ufaransa vikimtia mbaroni. Nafasi yake halisi katika machafuko hayo bado ni suala la mjadala miongoni mwa wanahistoria, wasomi kama Wilmetta J. Toliver-Diallo na Meghan O'Donoghue wanahoji kuwa mamlaka za Kifaransa zilimtumia tu kama mbuzi wa kafara ili kuelezea ukosefu wa utulivu mkoani humo. Baada ya kukamatwa, Aline Sitoe alipatikana na hatia ya kuchochea uasi na alifariki katika kambi ya mahabusu huko Timbuktu, ambayo wakati huo ilikuwa sehemu ya Sudan ya Kifaransa. Habari za kifo chake hazikuwekwa wazi kwa umma hadi mwaka 1983. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1920]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1944]] [[jamii:watu wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Feminism_and_Folklore_2025-26_in_Tanzania]] se1tn06ynok3grhttlun651hglemgt6 1509593 1509592 2026-04-25T07:24:12Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Maisha ya Awali */ 1509593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aline Sitoe Diatta''' ([[1920]] - [[22 Mei]] [[1944]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa kiroho wa kabila la Wajola na mwombaji [[mvua]] mashuhuri aliyeishi katika nchi ya [[Senegal]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]]. Mara nyingi alilinganishwa na shujaa wa Ufaransa, [[Jeanne d'Arc]]. ==Maisha ya Awali== Aline Sitoe Diatta alizaliwa Kabrousse, eneo la Basse Casamance, nchini Senegal (chini ya utawala wa Ufaransa) mnamo mwaka 1920.{{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=342|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Baada ya kupata pigo la kufiwa na wazazi wake na kubaki yatima katika umri mdogo, alichukuliwa na kulelewa na mjomba wake aliyeitwa Elubaliin.{{sfnm|1a1=Schwarz-Bart|1y=2001|1p=60|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Aline alikuwa akisumbuliwa na aina fulani ya ulemavu wa viungo uliomfanya achechemee, hali iliyopunguza uwezo wake wa kushiriki kikamilifu katika shughuli za kilimo za mji huo.{{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=343|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} Karibu mwaka [[1935]], alihamia jiji la Dakar kufanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani,{{sfnm|1a1=Schwarz-Bart|1y=2001|1p=62|2a1=Toliver-Diallo|2y=2005|2p=343}} lakini baadaye alirejea kijijini kwake Kabrousse baada ya kupata maono ambayo aliamini yalitoka kwa Emitai, ambaye ni mungu mkuu katika imani za kidini za watu wa Jola.{{sfnm|1a1=Toliver-Diallo|1y=2005|1p=343|2a1=Rolis|2y=2017|2p=34}} ==Harakati na Upinzani dhidi ya Ukoloni== Aliporejea Kabrousse, Aline Sitoe alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa na heshima kama kiongozi wa kiroho mwenye ushawishi. Alifanya kazi kwa kupinga vikali mamlaka za kikoloni za Kifaransa, akihimiza watu kukataa kilimo cha mazao ya biashara yaliyoamriwa na wakoloni, kususia kodi za kichwa, na kukataa uandikishaji wa lazima wa vijana kujiunga na jeshi la kikoloni. Aidha, alihimiza utamaduni wa kafara za [[ng’ombe]], hatua ambayo ilidhoofisha juhudi za Wafaransa za kujipatia chakula kwa ajili ya vituo vyao vya mijini vilivyoko kaskazini mwa Senegal. Idadi kubwa ya mahujaji waliokuwa wakisafiri kutoka vijiji vya jirani ili kufika Kabrousse kumtembelea ilizua hofu na taharuki miongoni mwa maafisa wa kikoloni. Mnamo mwaka [[1943]], kufuatia mapigano ya vurugu yaliyotokea katika vijiji mbalimbali ndani ya mkoa wa Basse Casamance, vikosi vya Ufaransa vikimtia mbaroni. Nafasi yake halisi katika machafuko hayo bado ni suala la mjadala miongoni mwa wanahistoria, wasomi kama Wilmetta J. Toliver-Diallo na Meghan O'Donoghue wanahoji kuwa mamlaka za Kifaransa zilimtumia tu kama mbuzi wa kafara ili kuelezea ukosefu wa utulivu mkoani humo. Baada ya kukamatwa, Aline Sitoe alipatikana na hatia ya kuchochea uasi na alifariki katika kambi ya mahabusu huko Timbuktu, ambayo wakati huo ilikuwa sehemu ya Sudan ya Kifaransa. Habari za kifo chake hazikuwekwa wazi kwa umma hadi mwaka 1983. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1920]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1944]] [[jamii:watu wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Feminism_and_Folklore_2025-26_in_Tanzania]] k7pq4ed3284660wnmlwf8j3kq5zczln Bibata Ouédraogo 0 226355 1509594 1499482 2026-04-25T07:32:14Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bibata Nébié Ouédraogo''' ni mwanaharakati wa [[haki za binadamu]] wa Burkinabé, mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu na mwalimu wa zamani wa shule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Body My Rights Burkina Faso|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2015/07/my-body-my-rights-burkina-faso/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.amnesty.org|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Nébié Ouédraogo ni mwanaharakati maarufu wa [[Burkina Faso]] anayejulikana kwa juhudi zake za kukuza haki za ngono na uzazi, pamoja na haki za afya ya uzazi kwa wanawake. Amefanya utafiti na kampeni za uhamasishaji kuhusu kupambana na VVU/UKIMWI, kukomesha adhabu ya kifo, na anahudumu kama mtetezi mkubwa wa kupinga ubaguzi wa kijinsia na ndoa za utotoni. Mnamo Agosti 2021, aliorodheshwa kama mmoja wa wanaharakati saba wa Kiafrika wanaostahili makala ya [[Wikipedia]] na Global Citizen, shirika la kimataifa la utetezi wa haki za binadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso: ndoa za utotoni zinawaweka maelfu ya wasichana katika kaburi risk|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/burkina-faso-child-marriage-puts-thousands-girls-grave-risk|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Dunia inahitaji 'viongozi jasiri' wanaotetea kukomeshwa kwa adhabu ya kifo, mwanaharakati anasema {{!}} USCCB|url=https://www.usccb.org/news/2023/world-needs-brave-leaders-advocating-end-death-penalty-activist-says|access-date=2026-02-13|website=www.usccb.org|language=en}}</ref> Alipokuwa Waziri wa Sheria na Haki za Binadamu wa Burkina Faso mnamo mwaka wa 2023, Nébié Ouédraogo alihudhuria Kongamano la Kimataifa la Mawaziri wa Sheria huko [[Roma]]. Alizungumza kuhusu juhudi za kukomesha adhabu ya kifo nchini mwake, ambazo zilisababisha kupunguzwa kwa matumizi ya hukumu ya kunyongwa na kuiruhusu tu katika kesi za uhalifu wa kivita. Alieleza kwamba kupitia mabadiliko haya na uzoefu wake, juhudi za kukomesha adhabu ya kifo zinapaswa kuendelea kusonga mbele ndani ya Burkina Faso. Alitaja mkutano wa mawaziri wa haki kama "msukumo unaotuonyesha kwamba tuko kwenye njia sahihi."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hernández|first=Hortensia|date=2016-06-01|title=Haki sawa kwa wanawake duniani kote: Bibata Ouédraogo|url=http://equalrights4womenworldwide.blogspot.com/2016/06/bibata-ouedraogo.html|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Haki sawa kwa wanawake duniani kote}}</ref> Hadi mwaka wa 2013, Nébié Ouédraogo alifanya kazi kama mwalimu. Kuanzia mwaka huo hadi sasa, ameshikilia nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi nchini mwake katika kazi ya utetezi wa haki za binadamu. Kwa Novemba 2024, anatekeleza jukumu la Mheshimiwa (H.E.) Balozi wa Ajabu na Mkuu wa Burkina Faso kwenda Japani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vision-Network by Women Gavana na Mameya Conference -Kuelekea mustakabali ambao Wanawake Wanang'aa-|url=https://vision-network.tokyo/|access-date=2026-02-13|website=Vision-Network by Women Gavana na Mameya Conference -Kuelekea mustakabali ambao Wanawake Wanang'aa-|language=en}}</ref> == Nafasi za kisiasa == Mnamo mwaka wa [[2023]], aliteuliwa kama [[Waziri]] wa [[Sheria]] na Haki za Binadamu wa Burkina Faso, ambapo alihudhuria Kongamano la Kimataifa la Mawaziri wa Sheria huko Roma. Alizungumza kuhusu juhudi za kukomesha adhabu ya kifo nchini mwake, hatua ambazo zilisababisha kupunguzwa kwa matumizi ya hukumu ya kunyongwa na kuiruhusu tu katika kesi za uhalifu wa kivita. Alieleza kwamba juhudi za kuondoa adhabu ya kifo zinapaswa kuendelea kusonga mbele ndani ya Burkina Faso na alitaja mkutano huo wa mawaziri kama "msukumo unaotuonyesha kwamba tuko kwenye njia sahihi." Kuanzia mwaka wa 2013 hadi sasa, ameshikilia nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi zinazohusiana na haki za binadamu na maendeleo ya jamii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wanawake wanaoendesha mabadiliko nchini Burkina Faso|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/women-driving-change-burkina-faso|access-date=2021-08-10|website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}</ref> == Uhusiano wa kimataifa == Kwa Novemba [[2024]], Nébié Ouédraogo anatekeleza jukumu la Mheshimiwa (H.E.) Balozi wa Ajabu na Mkuu wa Burkina Faso kwenda [[Japani]], akiwakilisha nchi yake katika masuala ya kidiplomasia na maendeleo ya kimataifa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=7 Wanaharakati Maarufu wa Kiafrika Wanaostahili Kurasa za Wikipedia|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Haki za binadamu]] * [[Haki za wanawake]] * Global Citizen * [[Burkina Faso]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burkina Faso]] 6apsjh0fjo3ik4rz8b6komriub2ug1s Tirunesh Dibaba 0 226358 1509595 1499485 2026-04-25T07:46:08Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tirunesh Dibaba''' ([[Kiamhari|Amharic]]: ጥሩነሽ ዲባባ ቀነኒ; alizaliwa [[1 Oktoba]] [[1985]])<ref name="WAprofile">{{cite web |title=Tirunesh DIBABA – Athlete Profile |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/tirunesh-dibaba-14259871 |website=[[World Athletics]] |access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref>) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Ethiopia]], mkimbiaji wa masafa marefu, anayejulikana kwa ushindi wake katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya mbio za masafa marefu. Amefanikiwa kushinda medali tatu za [[Olimpiki]], medali tano za dhahabu za Mashindano ya [[Dunia]], mataji manne ya WCC ya watu wazima, na taji moja la WCC ya vijana. Tirunesh alikuwa mmiliki wa rekodi ya dunia ya mita 5,000 hadi mwaka 2020.<ref name="IAAF">{{cite news | url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/news-flash-141115-dibaba-smashes-world-50 | title=News Flash – 14:11.15 – Dibaba smashes World 5000m record in Oslo! – ÅF Golden League 2008 | publisher=[[International Association of Athletics Federations]] | last=Turner | first=Chris | date=6 June 2008 | access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa jina la utani la Kiswahili: "mwangamizi mwenye uso wa mtoto."<ref name="London2012">[http://www.london2012.com/athlete/dibaba-tirunesh-1091190/ Athlete profile on london2012.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730140010/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/dibaba-tirunesh-1091190/ |date=30 July 2012 }}. Retrieved 4 August 2012.</ref> Katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya IAAF ya 2005 huko Helsinki, Finland, Tirunesh alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kushinda mbio za mita 5,000 na mita 10,000 katika mashindano hayo hayo. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake wawili pekee (mwingine ni Sonia O'Sullivan) kushinda taji la mbio fupi na ndefu la Dunia la Msalaba wa Dunia katika mashindano hayo hayo (2005, Saint-Galmier, Ufaransa). Akiwa na taji lake la ubingwa wa Dunia la 2003, alikua bingwa mdogo zaidi wa Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 na siku 90.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/no-longer-a-little-girl-tirunesh-dibaba-is-re|title=No longer a "little girl", Tirunesh Dibaba is ready to make history in Helsinki |website=www.iaaf.org|language=en|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref> Tirunesh anatoka katika familia yenye historia ya mashujaa wa Olimpiki. Dada zake Genzebe, Ejegayehu na Anna, pamoja na binamu yake Derartu Tulu, pia ni wanariadha mashuhuri. Ndani ya familia ya Dibaba, Tirunesh ndiye aliyepambwa zaidi kwa mafanikio yake makubwa ya kimataifa katika riadha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxscorenews.com/africa-sports-dynasties-the-dibaba-dynasty-p166508-272.htm|title=Africa Sports Dynasties {{!}} The Dibaba Dynasty|website=www.boxscorenews.com|language=en|access-date=2023-03-31}}</ref> == Usuli == Tirunesh alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Bekoji, kilicho katika Eneo la Arsi, Mkoa wa Oromia, akiwa mtoto wa nne kati ya watoto sita.<ref name="IBT">{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ethiopian-icon-tirunesh-dibaba-looks-add-familys-legacy-rio-2016-1573237 | title=Ethiopian icon Tirunesh Dibaba looks to add to family's legacy at Rio 2016 | last=Evans | first=Joshua | work=International Business Times | date=1 August 2016 | access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref> Alilea katika mwinuko wa juu wa Eneo la Arsi, Ethiopia, lakini tangu mwaka 2000 amekuwa akikaa Addis Ababa, mji mkuu wa nchi. Tirunesh alianza kushindana katika riadha akiwa na umri wa miaka 14.<ref name="IBT"/> Anatoka katika familia yenye historia ya mafanikio katika riadha. Dada yake mkubwa, Ejegayehu Dibaba, alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 10,000 za wanawake katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004, yaliyofanyika Athens. Dada yake mdogo, Genzebe Dibaba, kwa tarehe 25 Juni 2017, alikuwa mshikilia rekodi za dunia za mita 1,500, mita 2,000, na rekodi za ndani za mita 1,500, milele moja (inasubiri kuthibitishwa), mita 3,000, na mita 5,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iaaf.org/records/by-category/world-records | title=World Records - Women Indoor & Women Outdoor | publisher=International Association of Athletics Federations | access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Tirunesh na Genzebe ndio ndugu pekee katika historia kushikilia rekodi za dunia kwa wakati mmoja.<ref name="vogue2016">{{cite news | title=Meet the Dibabas: The Fastest Family on the Planet | url=http://www.vogue.com/13419749/dibaba-family-ethiopian-distance-runners-olympics-2016-rio-de-janeiro/ | work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] | date=31 March 2016}}</ref> Binamu yao, Derartu Tulu, alishinda medali za dhahabu katika mbio za mita 10,000 katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1992 na 2000, medali ya shaba katika mita 10,000 katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2004, na medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 10,000 za Mashindano ya Dunia ya 2001.<ref name="vogue2016"/> == Kazi == === Mbio za vijana === Tukio lake la kimataifa la kwanza akiwa mwanafunzi wa shule ya msingi lilikuwa katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Cross Country ya 2001 (WCCC) yaliyofanyika Ostend, Ubelgiji, ambapo aliweka nafasi ya tano.<ref name="IBT"/> Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, Tirunesh alimaliza nafasi ya pili katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Cross Country ya IAAF yaliyofanyika Dublin, Ireland, kabla ya kushinda mashindano hayo mnamo mwaka wa 2003 huko Lausanne, Uswisi. Pia, katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Vijana ya 2002 yaliyofanyika Kingston, Jamaika, Tirunesh alipata medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 5,000 za wanawake, akiwa sekunde 1.05 nyuma ya Meseret Defar na sekunde 0.05 tu mbele ya mshindi wa medali ya shaba, Vivian Cheruiyot.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/WJC/WJC2002.html | title=WORLD JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIPS WJC - 2002 Kingston JAM Jul 16-21 | last1=Peters | first1=Lionel | last2=Magnusson | first2=Tomas | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150347/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/WJC/WJC2002.html | archive-date=24 February 2014 | url-status=dead | publisher=WORLD JUNIOR ATHLETICS HISTORY ("WJAH") | access-date=19 July 2017}}</ref> === 2003: Medali ya dhahabu ya Mashindano ya Kwanza ya Dunia === Mnamo Mei, Tirunesh alishinda ubingwa wa kitaifa wa mbio za Ethiopia katika mbio za mita 5,000, akiwa amevuka kiwango cha ushindani cha 'A', huku Meseret Defar akimaliza wa pili. Baadae, katika Mashindano ya Dunia yaliyofanyika Paris, Tirunesh alishinda mbio za mita 5,000, akishinda dhidi ya Marta Dominguez wa Uhispania na Edith Masai wa Kenya. Ushindi huu ulimfanya kuwa mwanariadha mdogo zaidi kushinda medali ya dhahabu ya kibinafsi katika historia ya Mashindano ya Dunia. Akikumbuka mbio hizo, Tirunesh alisema, "Nilishiriki Paris kwa sababu tu nilikuwa na kiwango cha 'A'. Hakuna mtu aliyetarajia nishinde. Hakukuwa na shinikizo kutoka mahali popote. Wote walikuwa wakitazamana na hakuna mtu aliyekuwa akizingatia mstari wa kumalizia. Nilijitahidi tu na nikashangaa kwamba nilikuwa nimeshinda." Mnamo Oktoba, alimaliza nafasi ya nne katika mbio za mita 5,000 katika Michezo ya All-Africa huko Abuja, Nigeria, na nafasi ya pili katika mbio za mita 5,000 katika Michezo ya Afro-Asia huko Hyderabad, India, huku Meseret Defar akishinda mbio zote mbili. Tirunesh alisema, "Nilikuwa nimechoka kidogo baada ya Paris na sikufanya mazoezi vizuri. Sikuwa tayari kukimbia mbio hizo."<ref name="Longer">{{cite web | url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/no-longer-a-little-girl-tirunesh-dibaba-is-re | title=NO LONGER A "LITTLE GIRL", TIRUNESH DIBABA IS READY TO MAKE HISTORY IN HELSINKI | first=Elshadai | last=Negash | publisher=International Association of Athletics Federations | date=2 August 2005 | access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] 7dlydam0qmoj8nt1rmtgwdie0bbnem1 Alemitu Heroye 0 226384 1509596 1499957 2026-04-25T08:07:45Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alemitu Heroye Banata''' (alizaliwa [[9 Mei]] [[1995]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Ethiopia]] mkimbiaji wa masafa marefu. Alishinda taji la Bingwa wa Dunia wa Vijana katika mbio za mita 5,000 mwaka [[2014]] na kufikia nafasi ya nne katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Cross Country mwaka [[2015]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/ethiopian-10000m-trial-2015-hengelo-burka-edr |author=Mulkeen, Jon |publisher=IAAF |title=Burka and Edris win Ethiopian 10,000m trials in Hengelo |date=17 June 2015 |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref> == Kazi == Alemitu Heroye aliwakilisha Ethiopia katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Vijana ya [[2011]] katika mbio za mita 3,000, Mashindano ya [[Afrika]] ya [[2012]] katika mbio za mita 5,000, na Mashindano ya Nchi za Msalaba za Afrika mwaka 2012 katika mbio za vijana. Kila mara aliishia katika nafasi tano za juu, ingawa hakushinda medali. Mnamo [[2013]], alishinda medali ya shaba katika mbio za vijana katika Mashindano ya Nchi za Msalaba za Dunia huko Bydgoszcz, akipoteza kwa Faith Kipyegon wa Kenya na Agnes Jebet Tirop. Baada ya hapo, alishiriki kwa mara ya kwanza katika ''IAAF Diamond League'', akikimbia mita 5,000 katika Shanghai na Paris. Mnamo [[2014]], aliishia nafasi ya pili katika mbio za vijana za Mashindano ya Misalaba ya Afrika huko Kampala, akimfuata Tirop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/657958-chesang-sets-new-junior-record.html|title=Chesang aweka rekodi mpya ya vijana|publisher=[[New Vision]]|author=Katende, Norman|date=24 Julai 2014|accessdate=17 Agosti 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa msimu wa 2014, Alemitu aliweka rekodi ya kuongoza duniani kwa vijana katika mbio za mita 3,000, maili mbili na mita 5,000. Rekodi yake ya maili mbili (9:20.81) katika British Grand Prix huko Birmingham ilikuwa bora zaidi duniani kwa vijana. Alishinda mbio za mita 5,000 katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Vijana huko Eugene kwa muda wa 15:10.08, akimshinda mwenzake Alemitu Hawi na kumwacha Tirop, aliyekuwa ameumia kidogo, nyuma zaidi ya nusu dakika.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/sports/2014/03/16/dominant-kenya-sweep-all-gold-in-kampala/|title=Dominant Kenya yashinda medali zote za dhahabu jijini Kampala|date=16 Machi 2014|accessdate=17 Agosti 2015|publisher=capitalfm.co.ke}}</ref> Mnamo [[2015]], Alemitu alishiriki kwa mara ya kwanza katika Mashindano ya Cross Country ya Wakubwa huko Guiyang, akishika nafasi ya nne. Katika Majaribio ya Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ethiopia ya 2015 huko Hengelo, alikimbia mbio za mita 10,000 na kufikia nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Gelete Burka kwa muda wa 30:50.83, na hivyo kufuzu kwa Mashindano ya Dunia yaliyofanyika Beijing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/kipyegon-majestic-in-title-defence-bydgoszc|title=Kipyegon majestic katika ulinzi wa taji – Ripoti ya wanawake wachanga ya Bydgoszcz 2013|author=Bamford, Nicola|date=24 Machi 2013|publisher=[[Chama cha Kimataifa cha Mashirikisho ya Riadha]] (IAAF)|accessdate=17 Agosti 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.atletika.cz/upload/birmingham%2024.8.2014.pdf|title=IAAF DIAMOND LIGI Birmingham (GBR) 24 Agosti 2014 – Matokeo|publisher=[[Shirikisho la Riadha la Czech]]/IAAF|accessdate=17 Agosti 2015}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] r2qis608orroi6grm4j4ywdgxp14te8 Cecilia Akeng 0 226394 1509597 1499911 2026-04-25T08:22:14Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecilia Akeng Ñengono''' (amezaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[2002]])<ref name="CAF">{{cite web|title = Player Details: Cecilia Akeng Ñengono|url = http://admin.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/womenafconghana2018.aspx/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=NUZaZ5310Vu5ic4ARXjm9EA5sIt8q5pHb8FbxNHxfCCWzLJfLKtaZPa1f4JVYRg3|website = Total Women's Africa Cup of Nations|publisher =[[Confederation of African Football]]|accessdate = 20 June 2019 }}</ref><ref name=Publitec>{{Cite web|title=85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf - Guinea Ecuatorial|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820235052/http://publitecsport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2019|url=http://publitecsport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf|publisher=PSports|language=es|accessdate=21 August 2019|date=13 September 2017}}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] anayekipiga kama [[beki]]. Anacheza kwa klabu ya 15 de Agosto na pia ni sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta. == Kazi ya Klabu == Cecilia alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na klabu za ndani za Equatorial Guinea. Amecheza katika klabu kadhaa ikiwemo Estrellas de E'Waiso Ipola, Estrellas del Sur, na Deportivo Evinayong. Katika klabu hizi, amejulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kuendesha ulinzi kwa ufanisi, kutimiza nafasi ya beki kwa ustadi, na kuonyesha uongozi wa kimataifa ndani ya uwanja wa mpira. Katika kipindi cha hivi karibuni, uhamisho wake kwenda 15 de Agosto umeongeza umaarufu wake na kumuwezesha kucheza mechi za ligi kuu ya wanawake ya Equatorial Guinea. == Kazi ya Kimataifa == Cecilia amewakilisha Guinea ya Equatorial katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Wanawake la Afrika 2018, akicheza mechi tatu muhimu, akisaidia timu yake kufikia hatua za mwisho.<ref name="CAF"/><ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|accessdate=16 June 2019}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, alihudhuria timu ya taifa ya wanawake chini ya miaka 20 katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019, ambapo mchango wake katika kuimarisha safu ya ulinzi ulikuwa wa kuonekana. Mchezo wake unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa mbinu za kisasa na mtindo wa kienyeji wa soka, na kufanya awe kielelezo cha wachezaji wa wanawake wanaochipukia Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821003134/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027903-akeng-nengono-cecilia.htm|archive-date=21 Agosti 2019|url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027903-akeng-ngono-cecilia.htm|publisher=2019 Michezo ya Afrika|title=Michezo ya Afrika (Mpira wa Miguu) Wasifu wa Mwanariadha : AKENG NENGONO Cecilia|accessdate=21 Agosti 2019}}</ref> == Mbinu na Sifa == * '''Uwezo wa Ulinzi:''' Cecilia anajulikana kwa nafasi yake ya beki wa kati, kuhakikisha timu yake inakinga lango kwa usahihi. * '''Uongozi:''' Ameonyesha uwezo wa kiongozi ndani ya uwanja, akisaidia kupanga safu ya ulinzi na kuwasaidia wachezaji wenzake. * '''Uendeshaji wa Timu:''' Ana uwezo wa kushirikiana na wachezaji wengine, kuunda mchanganyiko wa mashambulizi na ulinzi unaoendana na mtindo wa mchezo. == Taarifa Zaidi == Cecilia Akeng Ñengono ni mfano wa mwanamke wa Kiafrika anayechangia katika maendeleo ya soka la wanawake barani Afrika. Kupitia mchango wake, amehamasisha wachezaji wachanga na kuwa kielelezo cha jinsi wanawake wanaweza kufanikisha taaluma ya soka kwenye klabu na timu za taifa. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] bfk2zsremeonolrx5b64uqvlbpxtya3 1509598 1509597 2026-04-25T08:25:21Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Kazi ya Kimataifa */ 1509598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecilia Akeng Ñengono''' (amezaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[2002]])<ref name="CAF">{{cite web|title = Player Details: Cecilia Akeng Ñengono|url = http://admin.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/womenafconghana2018.aspx/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=NUZaZ5310Vu5ic4ARXjm9EA5sIt8q5pHb8FbxNHxfCCWzLJfLKtaZPa1f4JVYRg3|website = Total Women's Africa Cup of Nations|publisher =[[Confederation of African Football]]|accessdate = 20 June 2019 }}</ref><ref name=Publitec>{{Cite web|title=85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf - Guinea Ecuatorial|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820235052/http://publitecsport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2019|url=http://publitecsport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/85g1_CONVOCATORIA.pdf|publisher=PSports|language=es|accessdate=21 August 2019|date=13 September 2017}}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] anayekipiga kama [[beki]]. Anacheza kwa klabu ya 15 de Agosto na pia ni sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta. == Kazi ya Klabu == Cecilia alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na klabu za ndani za Equatorial Guinea. Amecheza katika klabu kadhaa ikiwemo Estrellas de E'Waiso Ipola, Estrellas del Sur, na Deportivo Evinayong. Katika klabu hizi, amejulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kuendesha ulinzi kwa ufanisi, kutimiza nafasi ya beki kwa ustadi, na kuonyesha uongozi wa kimataifa ndani ya uwanja wa mpira. Katika kipindi cha hivi karibuni, uhamisho wake kwenda 15 de Agosto umeongeza umaarufu wake na kumuwezesha kucheza mechi za ligi kuu ya wanawake ya Equatorial Guinea. == Kazi ya Kimataifa == Cecilia amewakilisha Guinea ya Equatorial katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Wanawake la Afrika 2018, akicheza mechi tatu muhimu, akisaidia timu yake kufikia hatua za mwisho.<ref name="CAF"/> Zaidi ya hayo, alihudhuria timu ya taifa ya wanawake chini ya miaka 20 katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019, ambapo mchango wake katika kuimarisha safu ya ulinzi ulikuwa wa kuonekana. Mchezo wake unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa mbinu za kisasa na mtindo wa kienyeji wa soka, na kufanya awe kielelezo cha wachezaji wa wanawake wanaochipukia Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821003134/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027903-akeng-nengono-cecilia.htm|archive-date=21 Agosti 2019|url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027903-akeng-ngono-cecilia.htm|publisher=2019 Michezo ya Afrika|title=Michezo ya Afrika (Mpira wa Miguu) Wasifu wa Mwanariadha : AKENG NENGONO Cecilia|accessdate=21 Agosti 2019}}</ref> == Mbinu na Sifa == * '''Uwezo wa Ulinzi:''' Cecilia anajulikana kwa nafasi yake ya beki wa kati, kuhakikisha timu yake inakinga lango kwa usahihi. * '''Uongozi:''' Ameonyesha uwezo wa kiongozi ndani ya uwanja, akisaidia kupanga safu ya ulinzi na kuwasaidia wachezaji wenzake. * '''Uendeshaji wa Timu:''' Ana uwezo wa kushirikiana na wachezaji wengine, kuunda mchanganyiko wa mashambulizi na ulinzi unaoendana na mtindo wa mchezo. == Taarifa Zaidi == Cecilia Akeng Ñengono ni mfano wa mwanamke wa Kiafrika anayechangia katika maendeleo ya soka la wanawake barani Afrika. Kupitia mchango wake, amehamasisha wachezaji wachanga na kuwa kielelezo cha jinsi wanawake wanaweza kufanikisha taaluma ya soka kwenye klabu na timu za taifa. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] agyu8kyb3dpeqgp0b565jrhsfn95kq9 Shalma Midje 0 226395 1509601 1509035 2026-04-25T08:48:10Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football Player | jinalamchezaji = Shalma Midje | picha = | jinakamili = {{nowrap|Gertrudis Engueme Midje Obiang}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gipuzkoafutbola.eus/pnfg/NPcd/NFG_EstadisticasJugador?cod_primaria=3000328&jugador=9947820&codacta=9911946&nueva_ventana=0|website=Federación Guipuzcoana de Fútbol|title=Estadística de Jugador|language=es-es}}</ref> | tareheyakuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|2007|11|17|df=y}}<ref name=txapeldunak>{{cite web |title=Shalma Midje Obiang - Jugadoras|url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/es/shalma-midje-obiang/jugadora/25518/|website=txapeldunak.com|access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> | mjialiozaliwa = | nchialiozaliwa = [[Gine ya Ikweta|Gine ya Ikweta]] | urefu = | nafasi = [[Kiungo wa kati]] | klabuyasasa = Zumaiako | nambayaklabu = 17 | miakayavijana = 2020–2021 | klabuzavijana = Zumaiako | miaka = | vilabu = | caps(goals) = | miakayataifa = | timuyataifa = | nationalcaps(goals) = 1 | pcupdate = 2 February 2025 | ntupdate = 21 February 2025 }} '''Gertrudis Engueme Midje Obiang''' (anajulikana kama '''Shalma Midje'''; amezaliwa [[17 Novemba]] [[2007]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Guinea ya Ikweta]]. Anacheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] katika ''División de Honor Guipúzcoa Femenina'' na pia ni sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Romatet|first=Juan Luis|date=30 January 2025|title=The Zumaiarra footballer Shalma Midje will play for Equatorial Guinea|language=eu|url=https://zumaiaguka.eus/zumaia/1738228187793-ekuatore-ginearekin-jokatuko-du-shalma-midje-futbolari-zumaiarrak|website=zumaiaguka.eus|access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Shalma Midje alizaliwa mnamo 17 Novemba 2007 katika Guinea ya Equatorial. Kutoka utotoni, alionyesha shauku kubwa katika mpira wa miguu, mara nyingi akicheza na wenzake kwenye viwanja vya mtaa wake. Alianza rasmi taaluma yake ya mpira wa miguu akiwa mdogo, akiwa na umri wa karibu miaka 13, na kujiunga na klabu ya vijana Zumaiako kati ya mwaka [[2020]] hadi [[2021]]. Katika kipindi hiki, Shalma alijitokeza haraka kama kipaji kilichoahidiwa katika mpira wa wanawake, akijulikana kwa kasi yake, uangalifu wa kiufundi, na uwezo wake wa kushirikiana na wachezaji wenzake. Wataalamu wa mpira wa wanawake walibaini uwezo wake wa kipekee wa kufanya maamuzi sahihi ndani ya uwanja, jambo lililomsaidia kuibuka kama mchezaji anayestahiki kuzingatiwa kwa timu za taifa za vijana baadaye. Mbali na mpira, Shalma pia alisoma shule ya msingi ya mtaa wake, akipanga muda wake vyema kati ya masomo na mazoezi ya kila siku, jambo lililomsaidia kujenga nidhamu na uwajibikaji kutoka utotoni. ==Kazi ya Klabu== Mnamo Agosti 2021, Midje alijiunga na akademi ya Real Sociedad kutoka Zumaiako.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2021|title=Third team{{!}}A new project begins.|language=es|url=https://www.realsociedad.eus/es/noticias/detalle/comienza-un-nuevo-proyecto|website=realsociedad.eus|access-date=21 February 2025|quote=Shalma Midje (Zumaiako FT)}}</ref> Katika [[majira ya joto]] ya [[2024]], aliondoka Real Sociedad C na kurejea katika klabu yake ya kwanza, Zumaiako. Alipokea heshima kutoka kwa klabu yake ya zamani mnamo mwezi [[Desemba]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2024|title=Tribute to Former Academy Players{{!}}Thank you!|url=https://www.realsociedad.eus/es/noticias/detalle/gracias-7|website=Real Sociedad|access-date=21 February 2025|quote=Equipo Femenino C: Shalma Midje}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mnamo [[Februari]] [[2025]], kipaji hicho kilichozaliwa Hispania kilipokea wito wake wa kwanza kujiunga na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 tu. Aligunduliwa na wakaguzi wa wachezaji wakati wa likizo mwaka uliopita na alichaguliwa kushiriki katika mchezo wa raundi mbili dhidi ya timu ya [[Tanzania|taifa ya wanawake ya Tanzania]], katika mchakato wa kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la Wanawake [[2026]].<ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2025|title=Shalma Midje from Zumaia has been called up by Equatorial Guinea for the 2026 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying round|url=https://ground.news/article/shalma-midje-from-zumaia-has-been-called-up-by-equatorial-guinea-for-the-2026-africa-cup-of-nations-qualifying-round|website=ground.news|access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Utrera|first=Sara|date=30 January 2025|title=Shalma Midje called up for the 2026 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers.|language=es|url=https://www.diariovasco.com/costa-urola/zumaia/shalma-midje-convocada-eliminatoria-copa-africa-femenina-20250131201508-nt.html|website=diariovasco.com|access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 20 Februari 2025, alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kama mchezaji wa kuanzia katika ushindi wa 3-1 ugenini dhidi ya Twiga Stars, akifunga bao lake la kwanza na bao pekee la Guinea ya Ikweta katika mechi hiyo. Anacheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Guinea ya Ikweta, akifunga bao kutoka nje ya boksi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Amundarain|first=Pedro|date=20 February 2025|title=The Zumaiarra Shalma Midje makes her debut for Equatorial Guinea, scoring a goal from outside the box.|language=es|url=https://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.eus/gipuzkoa/bertan/2025/02/20/zumaiarra-shalma-midje-debuta-guinea-9304603.html|website=noticiasdegipuzkoa.eus|access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> == Takwimu za kazi == === Kimataifa === ''Hadi mechi iliyochezwa tarehe [[20 Februari]] [[2025]]'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Mwonekano na mabao kwa timu ya taifa na mwaka !Timu ya taifa !Mwaka !Programu !Mabao |- | rowspan="1" |[[Guinea ya Ikweta]] |[[2025]] |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jumla !1 !1 |} : ''Alama na orodha ya matokeo ya jumla ya mabao ya Guinea ya Ikweta kwanza, safu ya alama inaonyesha alama baada ya kila bao la Midje.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Orodha ya mabao ya kimataifa yaliyofungwa na Midje ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Tarehe ! scope="col" |Ukumbi ! scope="col" |Mpinzani ! scope="col" |Alama ! scope="col" |Matokeo ! scope="col" |Mashindano |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |20 Februari 2025 |Uwanja wa Azam Complex, [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania |[[Tanzania]] | style="text-align:center" |'''1'''–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–3 |kufuzu WAFCON [[2026]] |} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2007]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] an89gvhvcuvmufbf6m1otwgrj2fvk5g Elena Obono 0 226398 1509602 1499915 2026-04-25T09:00:14Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Obono Nkuadum Oyana''' (amezaliwa [[13 Novemba]] [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] anayacheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Anacheza katika klabu ya TP Mazembe ya LINAFF na pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta. == Maisha ya awali == Elena Obono Nkuadum Oyana alikulia katika mazingira ambayo yalimwezesha kuingia katika soka la wanawake akiwa bado mdogo, na baadaye akaendelea kujijengea jina kama mshambuliaji mwenye kasi, nguvu, na uwezo wa kumalizia mashambulizi kwa ufanisi. Ingawa taarifa nyingi za maisha yake ya awali hazijaandikwa kwa mapana katika vyanzo vya wazi, rekodi za soka la wanawake zinamtambua kama mmoja wa wachezaji waliokua mapema na kuingia katika mfumo wa ushindani wa kimataifa akiwa kijana. == Kazi ya Klabu == Mnamo [[Septemba 20]], 2025, Obono alifunga bao kwa M'Sichana wakati wa Michuzo ya Kufuzu kwa Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://actualite.cd/2025/09/20/ligue-des-championsdames-msichana-frustre|title=Ligue des Champions/Dames : M’Sichana frustré !}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kimataifa == Obono alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya wakubwa ya Guinea ya Ikweta mnamo [[27 Novemba]] [[2017]]. Mwaka uliofuata, alishiriki katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Wanawake la Afrika [[2018]], ambapo alicheza mechi tatu na kufunga bao moja.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=https://comorosfootball.com/amical-coelacanthes-dames-nzalang-nacional/|title=Amical : les Cœlacanthes Dames s'inclinent face au Nzalang Nacional|trans-title=Friendly: Coelacanths Ladies bow kwa Nzalang Nacional|accessdate=16 Agosti 2019|first=Boina|last=Houssamdine|publisher=Comoro Football 269}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika kiwango cha chini ya miaka 20, akishiriki katika mashindano ya kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la chini ya miaka 20 mwaka 2015 na Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=CAF|title=Competitions - WWC-Q U20 2016 - Maelezo ya Timu - Mchezaji Maelezo|url=http://admin.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/wwc-qu202016/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=%2bxiQut97VWCBYGxuMHGGSLfJQbLtjJX5IyVEZwi%2fk3lTZmSZqB%2bW%2fO6jhFWODz6C|accessdate=16 Agosti 2019}}</ref> === Magoli ya kimataifa === ''Magoli na orodha ya matokeo ya kwanza kwa Guinea ya Ikweta'' {| class="wikitable" !Hapana !Tarehe !Ukumbi !Mpinzani !Alama !Matokeo !Ushindani |- | style="text-align: center;" |1 |26 Novemba 2017 |Estadio de Malabo, [[Malabo]], [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] |[[Comoros]] | style="text-align: center;" |'''2'''–0 | style="text-align: center;" |4–0 |Kirafiki |- | style="text-align: center;" |2 |21 Novemba 2018 |Uwanja wa Michezo wa Cape Coast, [[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]] |[[South Africa]] | style="text-align: center;" |'''1'''–2 | style="text-align: center;" |1–7 |Kombe la Mataifa ya Wanawake la Afrika la 2018 |} == Heshima == '''TP Mazembe''' * Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya CAF: [[2024]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] 6gadscnqade911uuvh5vhohtp61ws5o Annette Jacky Messomo 0 226399 1509603 1502081 2026-04-25T09:10:12Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Kazi ya kimataifa */ 1509603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annette Jacky Messomo''' (alizaliwa [[Ebolowa]], [[Kamerun]], [[1 Machi]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa wanawake anayacheza katika nafasi ya [[kiungo wa kati]]. Anakipiga katika klabu ya KFF A&N ya Ligi ya Soka ya Wanawake ya [[Kosovo]]. Ni raia wa [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] na ameichezea timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya nchi hiyo. == Maisha ya awali == Messomo alizaliwa katika familia ya kabila la Waeton. Alikulia nchini Kamerun, ambako alianza kuvutiwa na mpira wa miguu tangu akiwa mdogo. Amecheza mpira wa miguu tangu akiwa na umri wa miaka sita, mara nyingi akiwa katika timu za mchanganyiko, kutokana na ukosefu wa mfumo rasmi wa mpira wa miguu wa wanawake nchini Kamerun wakati huo.<ref name="insideworldfootball">{{cite web|url=https://www.insideworldfootball.com/2018/11/08/caf-reviews-ban-lets-equatorial-guinea-back-womens-africa-cup-nations/|title=CAF reviews ban and lets Equatorial Guinea back in to Women’s Africa Cup of Nations|website=Inside World Football|date=2018-11-08|language=en|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/sport/football/46136934|title=Kenya to appeal to Cas over Equatorial Guinea reinstatement|work=BBC Sport|date=2018-11-08|language=en|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref><ref name="africatopsports">{{cite web|url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2018/11/07/rebondissement-guinee-equatoriale-reintegree-can-feminine-2018/|title=Rebondissement! La Guinée équatoriale réintégrée dans la CAN féminine 2018|website=Africa Top Sports|date=2018-11-07|language=fr|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Messomo amewahi kuzichezea klabu za Franck Rholiceck Douala, Louves Minproff Yaoundé na Panthère Security Garoua nchini Kamerun. Pia ameshiriki katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Wanawake ya UEFA akiwa na klabu za FK Union Nové Zámky ya Slovakia, ŽFK Spartak Subotica ya Serbia na BIIK Kazygurt ya [[Kazakhstan]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Licha ya kuzaliwa nchini Kamerun, Messomo aliamua kuichezea timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta, ambayo alianza kuiwakilisha rasmi mwaka [[2016]]. Hata hivyo, kabla ya hapo, alikuwa tayari amewahi kuitwa kujiunga na kikosi hicho mwaka [[2011]]. Aidha, mwezi Machi [[2014]], aliwahi pia kuitwa na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Kamerun.<ref name="footmercato">{{cite web|url=https://www.footmercato.net/joueur/annette-jacky-messomo/|title=Annette Jacky Messomo : Palmarès, Age et Club|website=Foot Mercato|language=fr|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref><ref name="footystats">{{cite web|url=https://footystats.org/players/equatorial-guinea/annette-jacky-messomo|title=Annette Jacky Messomo Stats - Goals, xG, Assists, xA & Career Stats|website=FootyStats|language=en|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref><ref name="fbref">{{cite web|url=https://fbref.com/en/players/8187c2dc/|title=Messomo Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more|website=FBref|language=en|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref> Mnamo [[Septemba]] [[2018]], [[FIFA]] ilimtangaza kuwa hastahiki kuichezea Guinea ya Ikweta kwa madai kwamba hakustahili kuiwakilisha nchi hiyo kwa kuwa alizaliwa Kamerun. Hata hivyo, uamuzi huo ulifutwa baadaye na Bodi ya Rufaa ya Shirikisho la Soka Afrika (CAF), jambo lililomwezesha kuendelea kuhusishwa na historia ya soka ya wanawake ya taifa hilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://societywatch.net/annette-jacky-messomo-given-the-go-ahead-to-play-for-equatorial-guinea-womens-team/|title=Annette Jacky Messomo alipewa idhini ya kuchezea Timu ya Wanawake ya Guinea ya Ikweta|first=Kwamina|last=DEXTRO|date=8 Novemba 2018|website=Society Watch|accessdate=2 Juni 2019|archive-date=2019-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214064424/https://societywatch.net/annette-jacky-messomo-given-the-go-ahead-to-play-for-equatorial-guinea-womens-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.camerounsports.info/4835-championnat-dafrique-feminin-namibie-2014-35-joueuses-convoquees-pour-un-stage.html|language=French|website=CamerounSports|title=Championnat d'Afrique féminin Namibie 2014 : 35 joueuses convoquées pour un stage|date=13 March 2014|accessdate=23 December 2020}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Mbali na soka, Messomo pia amejihusisha na masomo ya juu. Mnamo mwaka [[2015]], alianza kusoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Yaoundé II, akifuatilia shahada katika Utawala wa Biashara. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] h4ft76numzhc3pn1mcy636dljt5sjbu Anna M. Louw 0 226410 1509652 1500198 2026-04-25T11:31:40Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1509652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna M. Louw''' ([[31 Desemba]] [[1913]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alizaliwa [[Calvinia]] katika kinachoitwa "Nagmaalhuis" (Nyumba ya Jumapili, kwa familia ya mbali inayokwenda kanisani). Baba yake alikuwa mfugaji wa kondoo karibu na Calvinia katika shamba la Soetwater na mama yake alikuwa mwalimu katika shule ya shamba katika wilaya hiyo. Louw ana uhusiano wa kifamilia na waandishi wa Afrika Kusini [[NP van Wyk Louw]], [[WEG Louw]], [[George Louw]], [[Peter Louw]], [[Rona Rupert]], [[Charles Fryer]], [[Willem Steenkamp]], [[Johnita le Roux]], [[Nico Louw]] na [[Pieter Strauss]]. Masomo yake ya shahada ya kwanza yalijumuisha [[Kiingereza]], [[Kiafrikaans]], [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kijerumani]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Saikolojia]] na [[Maadili]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]] na masomo ya uzamili yalihitimishwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]]. Louw aliolewa mara mbili. Watoto wake Wendy, Nicholas na Elizabeth walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Lewis Hurst na mapacha Christina na Editha walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Gerhard Bassel. Mwaka [[1975]] Anna alikubali uteuzi wake kama mwanachama wa kamati ya Cape ya Baraza la Machapisho lakini baada ya kupigwa marufuku kwa riwaya ya [[Etienne Leroux]] ''Magersfontein, o Magersfontein!'' mwaka [[1977]], alijiuzulu kama mwanachama kwa sababu alihisi maumivu ya kutoweza kusimamisha kupigwa marufuku kwa chapisho hilo. Katika mazungumzo na Gary Bowes Taylor katika gazeti la ''The Star''(Nyota) (6 Desemba 1977) alisema: "Tuna kazi chache sana za viwango vya juu kiasi kwamba inaumiza moyo wakati moja wapo inatolewa kutoka kwenye mzunguko. Uongozi ulikuwa nasi wakati wote katika kupitisha Magersfontein. Kisha malalamiko yalimfikia Waziri kutoka kwa watu ambao, kulingana na sampuli za nyenzo zao za kusoma kama zilivyotolewa kwa Vyombo vya Habari, wanasoma tu riwaya zisizojulikana na nyepesi za Kiafrikaans, riwaya za mapenzi za vijana, hadithi za msingi zaidi. Magersfontein ni kitabu kilichofungwa, hakipatikani kwa urahisi, si rahisi kuelewa anachotaka kusema Leroux. Kinaendelea katika kiwango cha mfano, kinachomdhihaki, cha kejeli. Tofauti za maoni kuhusu kitabu zitalazimika kutokea, kuna haja zaidi ya wataalam kuamua mambo ya fasihi. Unafanya nini katika jamii inayoitwa ya kidemokrasia? Ni sheria iliyoundwa vibaya na inapaswa kupitiwa upya kabisa. Haifanyi kazi sasa – kuna nguvu nyingi sana mikononi mwa watu fulani." Pia alijiuzulu mwaka [[1982]] kutoka kwenye jopo la wataalam wa fasihi wa Idara ya Machapisho. ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' ilitafsiriwa kwa [[Kiholanzi]] na Rob van der Veer. Anna M. Louw alifariki dunia tarehe [[12 Juni]] [[2003]] katika nyumba yake ya ghorofani [[Rondebosch]], [[Cape Town]]. == Tuzo == Alishinda [[Olive Schreiner Prize]] mwaka [[1964]] na [[Hertzog Prize]] kwa ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' mwaka [[1975]]. Pia alipokea Tuzo ya Scheepers ya Fasihi ya Vijana [[1968]], Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr [[1971]], [[CNA Prize]] [[1975]] na tena Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr mwaka [[1977]]. == Orodha ya Kazi == * ''Die onverdeelde uur'', 1956 * ''Die koms van die komeet'', 1957 * ''Agter my 'n Albatros'', ('n reisjoenaal) 1959 * ''Die voortreflike familie Smit'', 1962 * ''Twenty Days That Autumn; 21st March – 9th April 1960; a novel'', 1963 * ''Die banneling: die lyfwag'', 1964 * ''Oom Kolie gee raad'', (drie dramas) 1965 * ''Díe wat met die fluite loop'', 1967 * ''Die groot gryse'', 1968 * ''Gesëende dag'', 1969 * ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'', 1975 * ''Die derde tempel'', 1978 * ''Op die rug van die tier'', 1981 * ''Die loop van die rivier'', 1986 * ''Wolftyd'', 1991 * ''Die donker kind'', 1996 * ''Vos'', 1999 == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006022123/http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/] About Louw's work on a panel of literary experts. * http://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/anna-louw~a3605553/ * http://8weekly.nl/recensie/boeken/anna-louw-kroniek-van-perdepoort-de-val-van-zuid-afrika/ * http://www.vanoorschot.nl/amorrien/9822-louw-anna.html * http://www.litnet.co.za/anna-m-louw-1913-2003/ == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1913]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] h8mmtxy93nlc384eo9rqfmp5qehlcel 1509654 1509652 2026-04-25T11:33:11Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna M. Louw''' ([[31 Desemba]] [[1913]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alizaliwa [[Calvinia]] katika kinachoitwa "Nagmaalhuis" (Nyumba ya Jumapili, kwa familia ya mbali inayokwenda kanisani). Baba yake alikuwa mfugaji wa kondoo karibu na Calvinia katika shamba la Soetwater na mama yake alikuwa mwalimu katika shule ya shamba katika wilaya hiyo. Louw ana uhusiano wa kifamilia na waandishi wa Afrika Kusini NP van Wyk Louw, WEG Louw, George Louw, Peter Louw, Rona Rupert, Charles Fryer, Willem Steenkamp, Johnita le Roux, Nico Louw na Pieter Strauss. Masomo yake ya shahada ya kwanza yalijumuisha [[Kiingereza]], [[Kiafrikaans]], [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kijerumani]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Saikolojia]] na [[Maadili]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]] na masomo ya uzamili yalihitimishwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]]. Louw aliolewa mara mbili. Watoto wake Wendy, Nicholas na Elizabeth walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Lewis Hurst na mapacha Christina na Editha walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Gerhard Bassel. Mwaka [[1975]] Anna alikubali uteuzi wake kama mwanachama wa kamati ya Cape ya Baraza la Machapisho lakini baada ya kupigwa marufuku kwa riwaya ya [[Etienne Leroux]] ''Magersfontein, o Magersfontein!'' mwaka [[1977]], alijiuzulu kama mwanachama kwa sababu alihisi maumivu ya kutoweza kusimamisha kupigwa marufuku kwa chapisho hilo. Katika mazungumzo na Gary Bowes Taylor katika gazeti la ''The Star''(Nyota) (6 Desemba 1977) alisema: "Tuna kazi chache sana za viwango vya juu kiasi kwamba inaumiza moyo wakati moja wapo inatolewa kutoka kwenye mzunguko. Uongozi ulikuwa nasi wakati wote katika kupitisha Magersfontein. Kisha malalamiko yalimfikia Waziri kutoka kwa watu ambao, kulingana na sampuli za nyenzo zao za kusoma kama zilivyotolewa kwa Vyombo vya Habari, wanasoma tu riwaya zisizojulikana na nyepesi za Kiafrikaans, riwaya za mapenzi za vijana, hadithi za msingi zaidi. Magersfontein ni kitabu kilichofungwa, hakipatikani kwa urahisi, si rahisi kuelewa anachotaka kusema Leroux. Kinaendelea katika kiwango cha mfano, kinachomdhihaki, cha kejeli. Tofauti za maoni kuhusu kitabu zitalazimika kutokea, kuna haja zaidi ya wataalam kuamua mambo ya fasihi. Unafanya nini katika jamii inayoitwa ya kidemokrasia? Ni sheria iliyoundwa vibaya na inapaswa kupitiwa upya kabisa. Haifanyi kazi sasa – kuna nguvu nyingi sana mikononi mwa watu fulani." Pia alijiuzulu mwaka [[1982]] kutoka kwenye jopo la wataalam wa fasihi wa Idara ya Machapisho. ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' ilitafsiriwa kwa [[Kiholanzi]] na Rob van der Veer. Anna M. Louw alifariki dunia tarehe [[12 Juni]] [[2003]] katika nyumba yake ya ghorofani Rondebosch, [[Cape Town]]. == Tuzo == Alishinda Olive Schreiner Prize mwaka [[1964]] na Hertzog Prize kwa ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' mwaka [[1975]]. Pia alipokea Tuzo ya Scheepers ya Fasihi ya Vijana [[1968]], Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr [[1971]], CNA Prize [[1975]] na tena Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr mwaka [[1977]]. == Orodha ya Kazi == * ''Die onverdeelde uur'', 1956 * ''Die koms van die komeet'', 1957 * ''Agter my 'n Albatros'', ('n reisjoenaal) 1959 * ''Die voortreflike familie Smit'', 1962 * ''Twenty Days That Autumn; 21st March – 9th April 1960; a novel'', 1963 * ''Die banneling: die lyfwag'', 1964 * ''Oom Kolie gee raad'', (drie dramas) 1965 * ''Díe wat met die fluite loop'', 1967 * ''Die groot gryse'', 1968 * ''Gesëende dag'', 1969 * ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'', 1975 * ''Die derde tempel'', 1978 * ''Op die rug van die tier'', 1981 * ''Die loop van die rivier'', 1986 * ''Wolftyd'', 1991 * ''Die donker kind'', 1996 * ''Vos'', 1999 == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006022123/http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/] About Louw's work on a panel of literary experts. * http://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/anna-louw~a3605553/ * http://8weekly.nl/recensie/boeken/anna-louw-kroniek-van-perdepoort-de-val-van-zuid-afrika/ * http://www.vanoorschot.nl/amorrien/9822-louw-anna.html * http://www.litnet.co.za/anna-m-louw-1913-2003/ == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1913]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] ax0qtv1i4n39ej9begve3xohplmlrqx 1509655 1509654 2026-04-25T11:34:06Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1509655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna M. Louw''' ([[31 Desemba]] [[1913]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alizaliwa [[Calvinia]] katika kinachoitwa "Nagmaalhuis" (Nyumba ya Jumapili, kwa familia ya mbali inayokwenda kanisani). Baba yake alikuwa mfugaji wa kondoo karibu na Calvinia katika shamba la Soetwater na mama yake alikuwa mwalimu katika shule ya shamba katika wilaya hiyo. Louw ana uhusiano wa kifamilia na waandishi wa Afrika Kusini NP van Wyk Louw, WEG Louw, George Louw, Peter Louw, Rona Rupert, Charles Fryer, Willem Steenkamp, Johnita le Roux, Nico Louw na Pieter Strauss. Masomo yake ya shahada ya kwanza yalijumuisha [[Kiingereza]], [[Kiafrikaans]], [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kijerumani]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Saikolojia]] na [[Maadili]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]] na masomo ya uzamili yalihitimishwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]]. Louw aliolewa mara mbili. Watoto wake ni Wendy, Nicholas na Elizabeth walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Lewis Hurst na mapacha Christina na Editha walizaliwa wakati wa ndoa yake na Gerhard Bassel. Mwaka [[1975]] Anna alikubali uteuzi wake kama mwanachama wa kamati ya Cape ya Baraza la Machapisho lakini baada ya kupigwa marufuku kwa riwaya ya [[Etienne Leroux]] ''Magersfontein, o Magersfontein!'' mwaka [[1977]], alijiuzulu kama mwanachama kwa sababu alihisi maumivu ya kutoweza kusimamisha kupigwa marufuku kwa chapisho hilo. Katika mazungumzo na Gary Bowes Taylor katika gazeti la ''The Star''(Nyota) (6 Desemba 1977) alisema: "Tuna kazi chache sana za viwango vya juu kiasi kwamba inaumiza moyo wakati moja wapo inatolewa kutoka kwenye mzunguko. Uongozi ulikuwa nasi wakati wote katika kupitisha Magersfontein. Kisha malalamiko yalimfikia Waziri kutoka kwa watu ambao, kulingana na sampuli za nyenzo zao za kusoma kama zilivyotolewa kwa Vyombo vya Habari, wanasoma tu riwaya zisizojulikana na nyepesi za Kiafrikaans, riwaya za mapenzi za vijana, hadithi za msingi zaidi. Magersfontein ni kitabu kilichofungwa, hakipatikani kwa urahisi, si rahisi kuelewa anachotaka kusema Leroux. Kinaendelea katika kiwango cha mfano, kinachomdhihaki, cha kejeli. Tofauti za maoni kuhusu kitabu zitalazimika kutokea, kuna haja zaidi ya wataalam kuamua mambo ya fasihi. Unafanya nini katika jamii inayoitwa ya kidemokrasia? Ni sheria iliyoundwa vibaya na inapaswa kupitiwa upya kabisa. Haifanyi kazi sasa – kuna nguvu nyingi sana mikononi mwa watu fulani." Pia alijiuzulu mwaka [[1982]] kutoka kwenye jopo la wataalam wa fasihi wa Idara ya Machapisho. ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' ilitafsiriwa kwa [[Kiholanzi]] na Rob van der Veer. Anna M. Louw alifariki dunia tarehe [[12 Juni]] [[2003]] katika nyumba yake ya ghorofani Rondebosch, [[Cape Town]]. == Tuzo == Alishinda Olive Schreiner Prize mwaka [[1964]] na Hertzog Prize kwa ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'' mwaka [[1975]]. Pia alipokea Tuzo ya Scheepers ya Fasihi ya Vijana [[1968]], Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr [[1971]], CNA Prize [[1975]] na tena Tuzo ya WA Hofmeyr mwaka [[1977]]. == Orodha ya Kazi == * ''Die onverdeelde uur'', 1956 * ''Die koms van die komeet'', 1957 * ''Agter my 'n Albatros'', ('n reisjoenaal) 1959 * ''Die voortreflike familie Smit'', 1962 * ''Twenty Days That Autumn; 21st March – 9th April 1960; a novel'', 1963 * ''Die banneling: die lyfwag'', 1964 * ''Oom Kolie gee raad'', (drie dramas) 1965 * ''Díe wat met die fluite loop'', 1967 * ''Die groot gryse'', 1968 * ''Gesëende dag'', 1969 * ''Kroniek van Perdepoort'', 1975 * ''Die derde tempel'', 1978 * ''Op die rug van die tier'', 1981 * ''Die loop van die rivier'', 1986 * ''Wolftyd'', 1991 * ''Die donker kind'', 1996 * ''Vos'', 1999 == Viungo vya nje == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006022123/http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/05/21/nobel_laureate_coetzee/] About Louw's work on a panel of literary experts. * http://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/anna-louw~a3605553/ * http://8weekly.nl/recensie/boeken/anna-louw-kroniek-van-perdepoort-de-val-van-zuid-afrika/ * http://www.vanoorschot.nl/amorrien/9822-louw-anna.html * http://www.litnet.co.za/anna-m-louw-1913-2003/ == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1913]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] kyo2pc1pxa32c3p3152rkhsokjah0z7 H. Boniface Prabhu 0 226463 1509539 1499941 2026-04-24T23:21:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Boniface Prabhu''' (alizaliwa [[14 Mei]] [[1972]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa tenisi ya magurudumu nchini [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=H. Boniface Prabhu |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/h-boniface-prabhu/800195659/ind/wt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Alifikia cheo cha juu zaidi cha 17 duniani katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mwaka [[2007]], na cha 19 katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili mwaka [[2013]]. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kutoka [[India]] kushinda medali katika International Paralympic Games.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry Boniface Prabhu |url=https://www.paralympic.org/h-boniface-prabhu |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Katika taaluma yake, alishinda mataji kadhaa ya kimataifa, ikiwemo Japan Open mwaka [[2001]], Sydney International mwaka [[1999]] na 2007, na Florida Open mwaka [[2004]]. Pia alifikia nusu fainali ya US Open katika mashindano ya tenisi ya magurudumu mwaka [[1998]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Boniface Prabhu: Determined to defeat disability |url=https://www.talbronstein.org/boniface-prabhu/ |publisher=Talbronstein.org |access-date=2026-03-27 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka [[2014]], alitunukiwa Padma Shri, tuzo ya nne kwa ukubwa nchini India, kwa mchango wake katika michezo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards Announced |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa India]] gr05hicu47om2765ryu1rrhd7tyf4mm Jane Ndenga 0 226464 1509564 1499942 2026-04-25T03:09:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jane Adhiambo Ndenga''' (alizaliwa [[1977]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa tenisi ya magurudumu na mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu nchini [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Ndenga |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/jane-ndenga/800458014/ken/wt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Aliiwakilisha Kenya katika Wheelchair Tennis World Cup mara kadhaa, ikiwemo mwaka [[2014]], [[2017]], na [[2018]]. Alishinda medali za fedha katika mashindano ya ITF Wheelchair Futures mwaka [[2018]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Sweeps 2018 ITF Wheelchair Tennis Futures Titles in Ghana |url=https://www.globaltennisnetwork.com/2018/11/05/nigeria-sweeps-2018-itf-wheelchair-tennis-futures-tittles-in-ghana/ |publisher=Global Tennis Network |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, alitunukiwa tuzo ya Sports Personality of the Year with a Disability nchini Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Munuhe, Jane Ndenga tops people Living with Disability at SOYA nominees |url=https://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/30/peter-munuhe-jane-ndenga-tops-people-living-with-disability-at-soya-nominees/ |publisher=Daily Sport |access-date=2026-03-27 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alishinda taji la Nairobi Open 11 Futures katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mwaka [[2023]], na medali ya fedha katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili kwenye African Para Games mwaka huo huo.<ref>{{cite web |title=2023 African Para Games: South Africa, Morocco triumph in wheelchair tennis |url=https://www.universradio.africa/2023/09/2023-african-para-games-south-africa-morocco-triumph-in-wheelchair-tennis/ |publisher=Radio Univers |access-date=2026-03-27 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pia ni mwanachama wa bodi ya Tennis Kenya, Shirikisho la Tenisi la Afrika, na Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Paralympics ya Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Ndenga: When life gave me lemons, I made lemonade |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/tennis/jane-ndenga-when-life-gave-me-lemons-i-made-lemonade-1920316 |publisher=Daily Nation |access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kenya]] cnbezsomkeb5qibmf6fxd21iilbhp34 Joachim Gérard 0 226468 1509568 1499946 2026-04-25T04:17:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joachim Gérard''' (alizaliwa [[15 Oktoba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa tenisi ya magurudumu nchini [[Ubelgiji]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joachim Gérard |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/joachim-gerard/800283875/bel/wt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref> Alifikia cheo cha kwanza duniani katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mnamo Desemba [[2016]]. Alishinda mataji mawili ya Grand Slam katika mashindano ya watu binafsi: Australian Open mwaka [[2021]] na Wimbledon mwaka [[2021]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joachim Gérard Grand Slam Titles |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/joachim-gerard/800283875/bel/wt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref> Katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili, alishinda mataji manne ya Grand Slam: French Open mwaka [[2014]], Australian Open mwaka [[2017]] na [[2019]], na Wimbledon mwaka [[2019]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Olsson and Gerard: men's wheelchair doubles champions |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/olsson-and-gerard-mens-wheelchair-doubles-champions |publisher=Australian Open |access-date=2026-03-28 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aliiwakilisha Ubelgiji katika Paralympics mara kadhaa, akishinda medali ya shaba katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mwaka 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joachim Gérard - Wheelchair Tennis |url=https://www.paralympic.org/joachim-gerard |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |access-date=2026-03-28}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ubelgiji]] hf0zksjo6simhtr8rwxdaegnvs7l0en Hollow City 0 226475 1509545 1499953 2026-04-25T01:11:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hollow City''' ([[Kireno]]: Na Cidade Vazia) ni filamu ya mwaka [[2004]] na ndiyo filamu kwanza ndefu kuongozwa na mkurugenzi mzaliwa wa [[Angola]] anayeitwa Maria João Ganga. Filamu hii ni mojawapo ya filamu za kwanza kutengenezwa nchini Angola baada ya kumalizika kwa [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe|vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]], na pia ni filamu ya kwanza kutengenezwa na mwanamke kutoka Angola. Filamu hiyo ilirekodiwa katika eneo la [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]. Matoleo ya kimataifa ya filamu hii yapo katika lugha ya [[Kireno]] yakiwa na manukuu ya [[Kiingereza]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070120074614/http://globalfilm.org/catalogue/hollow_city.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201109202554/https://www.fandor.com/films/hollow_city</ref><ref>https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Africanfilm.html{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Muktadha wa filamu == Filamu hii inahusu maisha ya yatima anayeitwa N'dala, ambaye anapelekwa katika jiji la [[Luanda]] baada ya kifo cha wazazi wake wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya nchini Angola. Akitakamani kurudi nyumbani kwao [[Bié (mkoa)|Bié]], N'dala anawakimbia watawa waliomwokoa na kuingia mitaa ya jiji. Anazunguka kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine akikutana na watu mbalimbali, akiwemo kijana anayeitwa Zé anayejaribu kumsaidia kupata makazi. Baadaye katika filamu hiyo N'dala anachukuliwa na mhalifu anayeitwa Joka, ambaye anamtumia kwa manufaa yake mwenyewe. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2004]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Angola]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] sndu7se3go5ngfzwx4ifx33cq6kdcnc Fahd Moufi 0 226496 1509500 1500008 2026-04-24T19:39:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fahd Moufi''' (alizaliwa [[5 Mei]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayecheza kama [[beki]] wa kulia. Anachezea klabu ya Urusi ya FC Orenburg. Alizaliwa nchini [[Ufaransa]] na aliwahi kuiwakilisha [[Moroko]] katika ngazi za [[vijana]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Moufi alianza safari yake ya [[soka]] katika akademi ya FC Mulhouse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olweb.fr/fr/article/communique-du-club-70111.html|title=Communiqué du club - OLWeb.fr|website=www.olweb.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dzballon.com/?p=15301|title=Interview: Fahd Moufi, Olympique Lyonnais|date=10 April 2015|publisher=|accessdate=2026-03-28|archive-date=2017-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019003821/http://dzballon.com/?p=15301|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] amgqtdo1e67vg5jpm0p98ditu5rexqo Christine Barkhuizen le Roux 0 226831 1509604 1501917 2026-04-25T09:42:01Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Maisha ya awali na elimu */ 1509604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Barkhuizen le Roux''' ([[18 Novemba]] [[1959]] - [[18 Novemba]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa mashairi, riwaya na hadithi fupi kutoka nchini Afrika Kusini. Akiwa mhitimu wa Kiingereza, Saikolojia na Theolojia wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]], alianza kazi yake kama mwandishi mwaka wa 2000. Kazi kadhaa za Le Roux zimeandikwa katika machapisho ya Kiholanzi na pia za Kiafrika na baadhi zilichapishwa katika majarida na vitabu vilivyochapishwa. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Le Roux alizaliwa mnamo Novemba 18, mwaka 1959, <ref name="LitNetObit">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/author/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux/|publisher=LitNet|language=af|accessdate=13 April 2022|archivedate=13 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413170559/https://www.litnet.co.za/author/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux/}}</ref> huko Vryburg. Mara nyingi amekulia maeneo mbalimbali wakati wa utoto wake kwa sababu baba yake alikuwa anafanya kazi za ujenzi wa barabara. <ref name="CapeTownObit">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Dordley|first=Lucinda|title=South African poet Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux dies on birthday|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/south-african-poet-dies-on-birthday/|publisher=Cape Town ETC|date=19 November 2020|accessdate=13 April 2022|archivedate=29 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129043809/https://www.capetownetc.com/news/south-african-poet-dies-on-birthday/}}</ref> Le Roux alisomea [[Stellenbosch]], <ref name="LitNetObit" /> na alihimizwa kusoma na mwalimu wake katika shule ya msingi. <ref name="CapeTownObit" /> <ref name="MaroelaMediaObit" /> Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]] na shahada ya Sanaa katika Kiingereza, Saikolojia na Theolojia mwaka 1980. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> <ref name="CapeTownObit" /> Le Roux aliendelea kusoma na kuhitimu diploma ya elimu ya juu. <ref name="MaroelaMediaObit" /> Alipata shahada ya heshima katika Afrika na Kiholanzi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Western Cape]] mnamo 2002 na kupata shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa katika ushairi wa Kiholanzi miaka mitatu baadaye. <ref name="CapeTownObit" /> Tasnifu ya Le Roux ililenga ushairi wa mshairi Myahud i-Kiholanzi Judith Herzberg, ambao uliandikwa chini ya kiongozi wake wa masomo {{Lien|Wium van Zyl|af|Wium van Zyl|nl}} . <ref name="LitNetObit" /> == Kazi == Mnamo 2000, alianza kuandika kwa mara ya kwanza wakati mkusanyiko wake wa mashairi ''Dimensie'' ulipochapishwa. <ref name="FLBio">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux (1959–2020)|url=https://www.flandersliterature.be/news/translator-in-the-spotlight/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-1959-2020|publisher=Flanders Literature|date=30 November 2020|accessdate=13 April 2022|archivedate=21 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421140202/https://www.flandersliterature.be/news/translator-in-the-spotlight/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-1959-2020}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo ulisifiwa sana na wakaguzi na wasomaji. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Le Roux alifuata chapisho hili na vitabu vingi zaidi vya mashairi, hadithi fupi na riwaya. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> <ref name="FLBio" /> Aliandika hadithi fupi ''A Persian Fairy Tale'' mnamo 2005 na ikashinda tuzo ya pili katika shindano la kitaifa la hadithi fupi LitNet's Best Prose Pieces of 2005. Le Roux aliandika hadithi fupi kwa jarida la ''Insig'' . Alichapisha mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi ''Where Cake and Wine Misses'' mnamo Machi 2006, na mwishoni mwa Agosti 2006, mkusanyiko wake wa pili wa mashairi ''Rosette'' ulitolewa. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi mwaka 2006, mashairi kadhaa ya Le Roux yalijumuishwa katika machapisho ya Kiholanzi, na pia katika diwani za Kiafrika, na baadhi ya mashairi na hadithi zake fupi ziliangaziwa katika ''Tydskrif vir Letterkunde'' . Baadhi ya mashairi yalijumuishwa katika ''kitabu cha mistari cha Groot'', na moja ya hadithi zake fupi, "Om te bêre", ilijumuishwa katika ''Die grote Afrikaanse kortverhaalboek'', ambayo ilikusanywa na Abraham de Vries. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Mnamo mwaka 2010, alichapisha ''Padmaker'', inayohusu uhusiano tata kati ya mzazi na mtoto na madhara ya vizazi. Alianza kutafsiri kazi za {{Lien|Ingrid Vander Veken|nl|Ingrid Vander Veken}}, {{Lien|Diane Broeckhoven|af|Diane Broeckhoven}} na {{Lien|Griet Op de Beeck|nl|Griet Op de Beeck}} kutoka lugha ya kiholanzi hadi Kiafrika mwaka huo huo. <ref name="FLBio" /> Mnamo mwaka 2011, alichapisha tena mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi ''What the Eye Has Seen'' na kuandika riwaya ya ''Witness'' iliyochapishwa mwaka uliofuata. Aliandika juzuu ya mashairi ''ya Shadow'' iliyochapishwa mwaka wa 2015, pamoja na riwaya za ''Drieklawerblaar'' na ''My name is Prince, I sleep with the light on'' following mwaka wa 2016 na mwaka 2019 mtawalia. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Kazi zake pia zimejumuishwa katika ''Die nije Afrikaanse prosaboek'' ya mwaka 2019 na ''Vers en vrou'' ya 2020. <ref name="NBEntry" /> == Maisha binafsi == Alikuwa ameolewa na mumewe aliitwa Bertus na walipata watoto watatu. Le Roux pia alikuwa na kipaji cha uchoraji. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa akiishi Barrydale katika [[Karroo|Little Karoo]]. Mnamo tarehe 18 Novemba mwaka 2020, alifariki katika Hospitali ya Life Bayview huko [[Mossel Bay]] kutokana na ugonjwa ambao haujatajwa. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Makaburu]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] edu25ggn1jlqz14quamntqz48wu7gfs 1509615 1509604 2026-04-25T09:50:27Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 /* Maisha ya awali na elimu */ 1509615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Barkhuizen le Roux''' ([[18 Novemba]] [[1959]] - [[18 Novemba]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa mashairi, riwaya na hadithi fupi kutoka nchini Afrika Kusini. Akiwa mhitimu wa Kiingereza, Saikolojia na Theolojia wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]], alianza kazi yake kama mwandishi mwaka wa 2000. Kazi kadhaa za Le Roux zimeandikwa katika machapisho ya Kiholanzi na pia za Kiafrika na baadhi zilichapishwa katika majarida na vitabu vilivyochapishwa. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Le Roux alizaliwa mnamo Novemba 18, mwaka 1959, <ref name=LitNetObit>{{cite web|title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/author/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux/|publisher=LitNet|language=af|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413170559/https://www.litnet.co.za/author/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux/|url-status=live}}</ref> huko Vryburg.<ref name=NBEntry>{{cite news|title=NB bring hulde aan Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux|trans-title=NB pays tribute to Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux|url=https://www.nb.co.za/af/blog/760bd10c0d984c2b871e2f09421d5cb5|publisher=NB Publishers|language=af|date=19 November 2020|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613212539/https://www.nb.co.za/af/blog/760bd10c0d984c2b871e2f09421d5cb5|url-status=live}}</ref> Mara nyingi amekulia maeneo mbalimbali wakati wa utoto wake kwa sababu baba yake alikuwa anafanya kazi za ujenzi wa barabara.<ref name=CapeTownObit>{{cite web|last=Dordley|first=Lucinda|title=South African poet Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux dies on birthday|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/south-african-poet-dies-on-birthday/|publisher=Cape Town ETC|date=19 November 2020|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129043809/https://www.capetownetc.com/news/south-african-poet-dies-on-birthday/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=MaroelaMediaObit>{{cite news|last=Steyn-Bezuidenhout|first=Christa|title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux sterf op verjaardag|trans-title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux dies on birthday|url=https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-sterf-op-verjaardag/|publisher=Maroela Media|language=af|date=19 November 2020|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421082149/https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-sterf-op-verjaardag/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le Roux alisomea [[Stellenbosch]], <ref name="LitNetObit" /> na alihimizwa kusoma na mwalimu wake katika shule ya msingi. <ref name="CapeTownObit" /> <ref name="MaroelaMediaObit" /> Alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stellenbosch]] na shahada ya Sanaa katika Kiingereza, Saikolojia na Theolojia mwaka 1980.<ref name="LitNetObit" /><ref name="CapeTownObit" /> Le Roux aliendelea kusoma na kuhitimu diploma ya elimu ya juu.<ref name="MaroelaMediaObit" /> Alipata shahada ya heshima katika Afrika na Kiholanzi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Western Cape]] mnamo 2002 na kupata shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa katika ushairi wa Kiholanzi miaka mitatu baadaye.<ref name="CapeTownObit" /> Tasnifu ya Le Roux ililenga ushairi wa mshairi Myahud i-Kiholanzi Judith Herzberg, ambao uliandikwa chini ya kiongozi wake wa masomo {{Lien|Wium van Zyl|af|Wium van Zyl|nl}}.<ref name="LitNetObit" /> == Kazi == Mnamo 2000, alianza kuandika kwa mara ya kwanza wakati mkusanyiko wake wa mashairi ''Dimensie'' ulipochapishwa. <ref name="FLBio">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Christine Barkhuizen-Le Roux (1959–2020)|url=https://www.flandersliterature.be/news/translator-in-the-spotlight/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-1959-2020|publisher=Flanders Literature|date=30 November 2020|accessdate=13 April 2022|archivedate=21 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421140202/https://www.flandersliterature.be/news/translator-in-the-spotlight/christine-barkhuizen-le-roux-1959-2020}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo ulisifiwa sana na wakaguzi na wasomaji. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Le Roux alifuata chapisho hili na vitabu vingi zaidi vya mashairi, hadithi fupi na riwaya. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> <ref name="FLBio" /> Aliandika hadithi fupi ''A Persian Fairy Tale'' mnamo 2005 na ikashinda tuzo ya pili katika shindano la kitaifa la hadithi fupi LitNet's Best Prose Pieces of 2005. Le Roux aliandika hadithi fupi kwa jarida la ''Insig'' . Alichapisha mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi ''Where Cake and Wine Misses'' mnamo Machi 2006, na mwishoni mwa Agosti 2006, mkusanyiko wake wa pili wa mashairi ''Rosette'' ulitolewa. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi mwaka 2006, mashairi kadhaa ya Le Roux yalijumuishwa katika machapisho ya Kiholanzi, na pia katika diwani za Kiafrika, na baadhi ya mashairi na hadithi zake fupi ziliangaziwa katika ''Tydskrif vir Letterkunde'' . Baadhi ya mashairi yalijumuishwa katika ''kitabu cha mistari cha Groot'', na moja ya hadithi zake fupi, "Om te bêre", ilijumuishwa katika ''Die grote Afrikaanse kortverhaalboek'', ambayo ilikusanywa na Abraham de Vries. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Mnamo mwaka 2010, alichapisha ''Padmaker'', inayohusu uhusiano tata kati ya mzazi na mtoto na madhara ya vizazi. Alianza kutafsiri kazi za {{Lien|Ingrid Vander Veken|nl|Ingrid Vander Veken}}, {{Lien|Diane Broeckhoven|af|Diane Broeckhoven}} na {{Lien|Griet Op de Beeck|nl|Griet Op de Beeck}} kutoka lugha ya kiholanzi hadi Kiafrika mwaka huo huo. <ref name="FLBio" /> Mnamo mwaka 2011, alichapisha tena mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi ''What the Eye Has Seen'' na kuandika riwaya ya ''Witness'' iliyochapishwa mwaka uliofuata. Aliandika juzuu ya mashairi ''ya Shadow'' iliyochapishwa mwaka wa 2015, pamoja na riwaya za ''Drieklawerblaar'' na ''My name is Prince, I sleep with the light on'' following mwaka wa 2016 na mwaka 2019 mtawalia. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Kazi zake pia zimejumuishwa katika ''Die nije Afrikaanse prosaboek'' ya mwaka 2019 na ''Vers en vrou'' ya 2020. <ref name="NBEntry" /> == Maisha binafsi == Alikuwa ameolewa na mumewe aliitwa Bertus na walipata watoto watatu. Le Roux pia alikuwa na kipaji cha uchoraji. <ref name="LitNetObit" /> Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa akiishi Barrydale katika [[Karroo|Little Karoo]]. Mnamo tarehe 18 Novemba mwaka 2020, alifariki katika Hospitali ya Life Bayview huko [[Mossel Bay]] kutokana na ugonjwa ambao haujatajwa. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Makaburu]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] g0ka7gbeex0a0twooxmsinuy0wf8vkm Georgina Onuoha 0 226985 1509525 1502783 2026-04-24T22:01:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Georgina Onuoha|image=|watoto=2|elimu=Digrii mbili|kazi yake=Muigizaji|uraia=Nigeria|anajulikana kwa ajili ya=Uigizaji|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=Septemba 29}} '''Georgina Onuoha''' {{Audio|Ig-Georgina Onuoha.ogg|Listen|help=no}} (alizaliwa Septemba 29, 1980)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Photos From Georgina Onuoha’s Birthday Party – iYODAtv BLOG|url=http://blog.iyodatv.com/photos-from-georgina-onuohas-birthday-party/|work=blog.iyodatv.com|accessdate=2026-04-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822035837/http://blog.iyodatv.com/photos-from-georgina-onuohas-birthday-party/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ni mwigizaji wa [[Nollywood]], [[mwanamitindo]], mtangazaji wa televisheni na mfadhili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.informationng.com/2016/05/nollywood-actress-georgina-onuoha-shares-stunning-photos.html|title=Nollywood Actress, Georgina Onuoha Shares Stunning Photos|publisher=informationng.com|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref> Anatokea [[jimbo la Anambra]], Kusini Mashariki mwa Nigeria. ==Maisha ya awali na Elimu== Georgina alizaliwa na kukulia Lagos, ambapo alisoma katika Shule ya Sarufi ya Badagry kwa shule yake ya upili na kupata Cheti cha Juu cha Afrika Magharibi. Kufuatia hayo, aliendelea hadi LASU, ambako alimaliza digrii mbili. Kabla ya kupata shahada ya kwanza katika mahusiano ya kimataifa na masomo ya kimkakati, mwombaji alipata shahada ya kwanza katika sheria ya kimataifa na diplomasia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=14 Things To Know About Actress Georgina Onuoha As She Turns 40|url=https://fabwoman.ng/georgina-onuoha-biography-profile-fabwoman/|work=FabWoman|date=2020-09-29|accessdate=2026-04-06|language=en-US|author=Anu}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] bldwfqp3g5mi7euol3cmvdef5sr45nt Dambun shinkafa 0 227008 1509476 1503796 2026-04-24T15:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dambu''' ni chakula cha asili cha [[Wahausa]] kinachotengenezwa kwa mahindi (yanayojulikana kama ''tsaki'') au wali, pamoja na majani ya moringa na karoti. Kuna aina mbalimbali za dambu, lakini aina inayojulikana zaidi ni ''dambu shinkafa'', ambayo hutengenezwa kwa wali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Easy Dambun Shinkafa Recipe (Steamed Rice CousCous) – Dee's Mealz|url=https://www.deesmealz.com/easy-dambun-shinkafa-steamed-rice-couscous/|work=www.deesmealz.com|accessdate=2026-04-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617205643/https://www.deesmealz.com/easy-dambun-shinkafa-steamed-rice-couscous/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dambun Shinkafa, a delicious healthy rice dish from Northern Nigeria|url=https://businessday.ng/culinary-delights/article/dambun-shinkafa-a-delicious-healthy-rice-dish-from-northern-nigeria/|work=Businessday NG|date=2019-11-29|accessdate=2026-04-07|language=en-US|author=Lehlé Baldé}}</ref> == Maandalizi == Wali huchomwa au kukaushwa kisha kusagwa vipande vidogo. Baada ya muda, huongezwa majani ya moringa na karoti. Mchanganyiko huu huongezewa pilipili iliyosagwa na viungo vingine, kisha hupikwa kwa mvuke kwa takriban dakika 45. Baadaye huongezwa mafuta yaliyokaangwa na chakula huwa tayari kuliwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dambun Shinkafa Recipe by MUHAMMED AISHA|url=https://cookpad.com/eng/recipes/7150649|work=Cookpad|date=2019-02-06|accessdate=2026-04-07|language=en}}</ref> == Aina nyingine == Aina nyingine za dambu ni pamoja na ''dambun masara'' (ya mahindi) na ''dambun gero'' (ya ulezi), ambazo pia hutengenezwa na jamii ya Wahousa. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Nigeria]] 2a3j95campdr8pk7eoq4sf0hnr5vc95 Dodo ikire 0 227011 1509486 1502844 2026-04-24T16:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dodo Ikire''' ni [[chakula]] cha asili cha [[Wayoruba]] kinachotoka Ikire katika [[Jimbo la Osun]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Dodo Ikire And Its Economic Value - The Official Website Of The State Of Osun|date=2016-03-10|url=http://osun.gov.ng/2016/03/10/dodo-ikire-economic-value/|work=The Official Website Of The State Of Osun|language=en-US|access-date=2026-04-07|archive-date=2016-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011074454/http://osun.gov.ng/2016/03/10/dodo-ikire-economic-value/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dodo Ikire Recipe by Da-Princess Kitchen Culinary Concept(Chef DPK)|url=https://cookpad.com/eng/recipes/15892328|work=Cookpad|date=2022-01-19|accessdate=2026-04-07|language=en}}</ref> Hapo awali kilitengenezwa kwa [[ndizi]] zilizosalia, lakini siku hizi huandaliwa kwa kutumia viambato vipya kama ndizi zilizoiva sana, pilipili, mafuta na chumvi. Dodo Ikire huwa na rangi nyeusi na umbo la duara au koni. Kulingana na simulizi za jadi, Dodo Ikire ilibuniwa kama jaribio na [[mwanamke]] mzee kutoka mji wa Ikire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ikire|url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ikire/|work=Osun State Official Website|date=2013-03-10|accessdate=2026-04-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Inasemekana kwamba hakuwa na chakula kingine isipokuwa ndizi zilizoiva kupita kiasi, ambazo kwa kawaida zingetupwa. Hata hivyo, aliamua kuziponda pamoja na chumvi na pilipili, kisha kuzikaanga kwenye mafuta ya [[mawese]]. Alipoionja, aliifurahia sana na akaamua kutengeneza zaidi na kushirikiana na majirani zake. Tangu hapo, Dodo Ikire kimekuwa chakula maarufu katika eneo hilo na kwingineko. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wayoruba]] onz98hlis07zs9epy5bp2nepzs8lv9j Faith Osier 0 227199 1509502 1503252 2026-04-24T19:45:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faith Osier''' ni mtaalamu wa [[kingamwili]], daktari wa watoto na [[mwalimu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]]. == Elimu == Osier alizaliwa [[Kenya]] mwaka wa [[1972]]. <ref name="Albers">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/meldungen/2016/m20160801_kenyan-scientist-to-do-malaria-research-in-heidelberg.html|title=Kenyan Scientist to Do Malaria Research in Heidelberg - Communications and Marketing - Heidelberg University|author=Albers|first=Jürgen|work=www.uni-heidelberg.de|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-27}}</ref> alisoma kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]], mahali alipopata shahada yake ya MBChB mnamo 1996. Alifanya kazi kwenye Hospitali ya Mkoa Mkuu wa Pwani kwa kipindi cha miaka miwili, hapo kabla ya kujiunga na Hospitali ya Wilaya ya Kilifi. Alihitimisha Shahada ya Uzamili juu ya Kinga ya Binadamu kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Liverpool, mahali alipopewa tuzo ya kuwa mwanafunzi muri sana kwa mwaka huo. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-faith-osier/1353588|title=Prof. Faith Osier - AcademiaNet|work=www.academia-net.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-27|archive-date=2018-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328104121/http://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-faith-osier/1353588|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2008 alipata Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) kutokea Chuo Kikuu Huria . <ref name=":0" /> Tasnifu yake ilikuwa na kichwa cha habari: ''Majibu ya Kinga kwa Antijeni za Polymorphic na Ulinzi dhidi ya Malaria Kali kwa Watoto wa Kenya'' na iliwekwa chini wa usimamizi wa Kevin Marsh. Osier ndiye Rais wa sasa wa Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Vyama vya Kinga, nafasi ambayo ameishikilia hadi mwaka 2022. == Kazi == Kabla ya kwenda kuishi [[Ufalme wa Muungano|Uingereza]], Osier alifanya kazi kwa nafasi ya [[Tabibu|Afisa wa Matibabu]] kwenye [[KEMRI|Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Kimatibabu ya Kenya]] huko eneo la [[Kilifi]] . Aliweka maamuzi ya kujikita kwenye tiba ya watoto, akaenda zake kuishi [[Ufalme wa Muungano|Uingereza]] na akaja kupata uwanachama wa Chuo cha Kifalme cha Madaktari wa Watoto na Afya ya Watoto [[Uingereza]]. <ref name=":0"/> Osier anapata mvuto wa kujua jinsi watu wanavyokuza kinga ya asili dhidi ya [[malaria]] . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/kenyan-scientist-wins-top-scientific-prize|title=Kenyan Scientist Wins Top Scientific Prize - Nuffield Department of Medicine|work=www.ndm.ox.ac.uk|accessdate=2018-03-27|archivedate=25 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525033346/https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/kenyan-scientist-wins-top-scientific-prize}}</ref> Yupo kazini kwenye Taasisi ya Wellcome Sanger na Taasisi ya Burnet . <ref name=":1" /> Ameweka imani kwamba chanjo ya malaria inayotokana na kingamwili inaweza kuwa na ubora zaidi. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.immunopaedia.org.za/interviews/immunologist-of-the-month-2017/faith-osier-interview/|title=Faith Osier Interview {{!}} Immunopaedia|work=www.immunopaedia.org.za|date=21 December 2016|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-27}}</ref> Ana ushirika wa Wellcome Trust kwenye Afya ya Umma na Tiba ya Tropiki . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://kemri-wellcome.org/author/faith/#home|title=Prof. Faith Osier {{!}} Kemri {{!}} Wellcome Trust|work=kemri-wellcome.org|accessdate=2018-03-27|archivedate=19 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519044221/http://kemri-wellcome.org/author/faith/#home}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2014 alishinda Tuzo ya Kiongozi wa Utafiti wa Afrika kutoka kwa Baraza la Utafiti wa Kimatibabu na Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa . <ref name=":1" /> Pamoja na hayo alipewa Tuzo ya Mwanasayansi Mchanga wa Afrika kutoka Taasisi ya Ulaya ya Utafiti wa Malaria . Osier pia alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Uongozi wa Afya ya Merle A Sande . Alipewa Tuzo ya Royal Society Pfizer mwaka wa 2014. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2014/10/pfizer-prize-seminar/|title=2014 Royal Society Pfizer Prize Seminar|work=royalsociety.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-03-27}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/dr-faith-osier-and-dr-abdisalan-noor-awarded-visiting-professorship-at-oxford|title=Dr. Faith Osier and Dr. Abdisalan Noor awarded visiting professorship at Oxford - Nuffield Department of Medicine|work=www.ndm.ox.ac.uk|accessdate=2018-03-27|archivedate=2020-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525032840/https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/dr-faith-osier-and-dr-abdisalan-noor-awarded-visiting-professorship-at-oxford}}</ref> Mwaka 2016 alipatiwa tuzo ya Sofia Kovalevskaya kutoka kwa Wakfu wa Alexander von Humboldt, na akahamia [[Chuo Kikuu cha Heidelberg|Universitat Heidelberg]] ili aendeleze utafiti wake wa malaria. <ref name="Albers"/> Mpaka mnamo wa 2022, Osier alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Maabara ya IAVI - Kinga ya Binadamu huko London. Hatimaye, Osier analengo la "kuondoa malaria kwa ajili ya uwezeshaji wa afya na uchumi wa Afrika". Osier ana shauku ya kuboresha matarajio ya Wanasayansi wa Kiafrika, na ana wenzake wa kwenye kundi la utafiti kwenye Hospitali ya Wilaya [[Kaunti ya Kilifi|ya Kilifi County]] . <ref name=":3"/> Ana hofu kuhusu upotevu wa akili na mawazo katika vyuo vikuu vya Kiafrika. Yeye ni mshauri na Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders. Osier ni profesa mgeni kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford, mahali anapo fanya kazi katika kundi la Infection Immunology and Translational Medicine. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/study/graduateschool/supervisors/fosier|title=Faith Osier — University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division|work=www.medsci.ox.ac.uk|language=en|accessdate=2018-03-27}}</ref> Yupo ndani ya Baraza la Shirikisho la Vyama vya Kinga vya Kinga vya Kiafrika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.faisafrica.com/en/16/governance.html|title=FAIS Africa|work=www.faisafrica.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-03-27|archivedate=19 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719233340/http://www.faisafrica.com/en/16/governance.html}}</ref> Yeye ni Makamu wa Rais wa Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Vyama vya Kinga vya Kinga . <ref name=":2"/> Alichaguliwa kuwa Mshiriki wa TED mwaka wa 2018. Faith ndiye kiongozi msimamizi wa mtandao wa [https://www.smartpartnership.net/ SMART (South-south Malaria Antigen Research ParTnership)] ambao huongeza uwezo wa utafiti kwa kusaidia kushiriki sampuli na rasilimali kutoka kwa vikundi vya muda mrefu vya Malaria. Mwezi na mwaka wa Juni 2022, Osier alichaguliwa kwenye nafasi ya mkurugenzi mwenza wa Taasisi ya Maambukizi ya Chuo cha Imperial London, mahali anapoanzisha kikundi cha utafiti wa malaria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof Faith Osier appointed Co-Director of Imperial's Institute of Infection {{!}} Imperial News {{!}} Imperial College London|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/236815/prof-faith-osier-appointed-codirector-imperials/|accessdate=2022-06-07|work=Imperial News|date=June 2022|language=en}}</ref> == Machapisho yaliyochaguliwa == * '''Faith HA Osier''', Gregory Fegan, Spencer D. Polley, Linda Murungi, Federica Verra, Kevin KA Tetteh, Brett Lowe, Tabitha Mwangi, Peter C. Bull, Alan W. Thomas, David R. Cavanagh, Jana S. McBride, David E. Lanar, Margaret J. Mackinnon, David J. Conway, Kevin Marsh. 2008. Upana na Ukubwa wa Mwitikio wa Kinga Mwilini kwa Antijeni Nyingi za ''Plasmodium falciparum'' Merozoite Zinahusishwa na Ulinzi dhidi ya Malaria ya Kliniki. ''Kinga ya Kuambukiza'' ; 76(5):2240-8. [[doi:10.1128/iai.01585-07]] . * Philip Bejon, Thomas N. Williams, Anne Liljander, Abdisalan M. Noor, Juliana Wambua, Edna Ogada, Ally Olotu, '''Faith HA Osier''', Simon I. Hay, Anna Färnert, Kevin Marsh. 2010. Sehemu zenye Malaria Imara na Zisizotulia katika Mafunzo ya Kundi la Longitudinal nchini Kenya. ''PLoS Med'' : 7(7): e1000304. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000304]] . * Alexander D. Douglas, Andrew R. Williams, Joseph J. Illingworth, Gathoni Kamuyu, Sumi Biswas, Anna L. Goodman, David H. Wyllie, Cécile Crosnier, Kazutoyo Miura, Gavin J. Wright, Carole A. Long, '''Faith H. Osier''', Kevin Marsh, Alison V. Turner, Adrian VS Hill, Simon J. Draper. 2011. Antijeni ya malaria ya kiwango cha damu PfRH5 inaweza kuathiriwa na kingamwili inayoweza kupunguzwa na aina mtambuka inayoweza kutolewa chanjo. ''Nat Commun'' ; 20;2:601. [[doi:10.1038/ncomms1615]] . * Michelle J. Boyle, Linda Reiling, Gaoqian Feng, Christine Langer, '''Faith H. Osier''', Harvey Aspeling-Jones, Yik Sheng Cheng, Janine Stubbs, Kevin KA Tetteh, David J. Conway, James S. McCarthy, Ivo Muller, Kevin Marsh, Robin F. Anders, James G. Beeson. 2015. Kingamwili za binadamu hurekebisha kiambatisho ili kuzuia uvamizi wa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' kwenye erithrositi na zinahusishwa na ulinzi dhidi ya malaria. ''Kinga'' ; 42(3):580-90. [[doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.012]] . * '''Faith HA Osier''', Gaoqian Feng, Michelle J. Boyle, Christine Langer, Jingling Zhou, Jack S. Richards, Fiona J. McCallum, Linda Reiling, Anthony Jaworowski, Robin F. Anders, Kevin Marsh, James G. Beeson. 2014. Fagosaitosisi ya Opsonic ya merozoiti za ''Plasmodium falciparum'' : utaratibu katika kinga ya binadamu na uhusiano wa ulinzi dhidi ya malaria. ''BMC Med'' ; 12:108. [[doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-108]] . == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2Jv8vC-m3g Faith Osier TED Talk - Ufunguo wa chanjo bora ya malaria] {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Kenya]] e3v6todnj7acttby9phxnua396xpnq1 Ciska Jordaan 0 227262 1509471 1503273 2026-04-24T14:20:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ciska Jordaan''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye amekuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Kitaifa kwa ajili ya Muungano wa Kidemokrasia (DA) tangu mwaka wa [[2024]]. Alizaliwa Trichardt na kukulia Secunda, [[Mpumalanga]], akiwa mmoja wa ndugu sita. Alisoma katika Laerskool Goedehoop na Hoërskool Oosterland, kabla ya familia yake kuhamia Saudi Arabia kwa miaka mitatu, ambapo alikamilisha elimu yake ya shule ya upili katika Shule ya Marekani Dhahran. Aliporudi Afrika Kusini mwaka 2010, alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria, akipata shahada ya kwanza katika saikolojia, falsafa, na Kifaransa, jambo lililoandaa msingi wa uongozi wake wa kisiasa. == Usuli == Jordaan alizaliwa Trichardt na alikulia Secunda, Mpumalanga, akiwa mmoja wa ndugu sita. Alisoma katika Laerskool Goedehoop na Hoërskool Oosterland hadi familia yake kuhamia Saudi Arabia kwa miaka mitatu, ambapo alikamilisha elimu yake ya shule ya upili katika Shule ya Marekani Dhahran. Aliporudi Afrika Kusini mwaka wa [[2010]], alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria, akipata shahada ya kwanza katika saikolojia, falsafa, na Kifaransa.<ref name="t866">{{cite web|last=Admin|first=Seskhona|title=On the Spotlight for this week was one of the youngest GMM Ward Councillors|website=Seskhona Newspaper|date=2018-08-23|url=https://seskhonanews.co.za/on-the-spotlight-for-this-week-was-one-of-the-youngest-gmm-ward-councillors/|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref><ref name="b853">{{cite web|last=Bird|first=Kerry|title=Ciska Jordaan has the community of Govan Mbeki municipal area at heart|website=Ridge Times|date=2020-10-01|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/ridge-times/news-headlines/2020/10/01/ciska-jordaan-has-the-community-of-govan-mbeki-municipal-area-at-heart/|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref> Alianza kushiriki katika siasa mwaka wa [[2014]], na kuanzia [[2015]] hadi [[2022]] alihudumu kama diwani wa Chama cha Democratic Alliance (DA) katika baraza la Manispaa ya Govan Mbeki, akiwa mwanaume mdogo zaidi wa chama hicho katika baraza hilo wakati alipojiunga akiwa na umri wa miaka 23. Alihudumu kama kiranja mkuu wa chama kutoka 2016 hadi 2018, kisha kama kiongozi wa chama kuanzia 2018 hadi 2021. Aidha, alikuwa naibu mwenyekiti wa tawi la DA la Mpumalanga kuanzia 2020 hadi 2022. Alijiuzulu kutoka baraza hilo mwaka wa 2022 ili kuwa mratibu wa maendeleo ya uongozi wa chama, akiwa na lengo la kufunza wagombea wa nafasi za madaraka.<ref name="l444">{{cite web|title=Ciska Jordaan resigns as GMM councillor|website=Ridge Times|date=2022-09-08|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/ridge-times/news-headlines/local-news/2022/09/08/ciska-jordaan-resigns-as-gmm-councillor/|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref> == Kazi ya Bunge == Jordaan aligombea nafasi ya ubunge kupitia orodha ya kitaifa ya Chama cha Democratic Alliance (DA) katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2024 na baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini. Aliapishwa rasmi tarehe [[25 Juni]] 2024, na kuteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Jalada la Elimu ya Msingi.<ref name="g297">{{cite web|title=Ms Ciska Jordaan|website=Parliament of South Africa|date=2024-07-11|url=https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5839|access-date=2024-08-09|archive-date=2024-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809201119/https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5839|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was sworn in on 25 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec|access-date=2024-07-09|website=www.politicsweb.co.za|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wanawake Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] q6ajuvj28esbhuipriu60jnfg0fgtii Francisca Mutapi 0 227303 1509513 1503366 2026-04-24T20:47:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisca Mutapi''' ni [[profesa]] katika maambukizi na kinga ya afya duniani, ni mkurugenzi mwenza wa Chuo cha Afya Duniani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh, na ni naibu mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Utafiti wa Afya Duniani cha Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Utafiti wa Afya (NIHR) kinachoshughulikia maswala ya Maambukizi ili Kufaidi bara la Afrika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Francisca Mutapi|url=https://unitingtocombatntds.org/about-us/governance/board/francisca-mutapi/|accessdate=2021-12-22|work=Uniting to Combat NTDs|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222080057/https://unitingtocombatntds.org/about-us/governance/board/francisca-mutapi/}}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza anajulikana kupewa nafasi ya uprofesa na Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh . == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mutapi alizaliwa na kukulia Nchini [[Zimbabwe]] . <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghdonline.org/malaria/discussion/member-spotlight-for-dr-francisca-mutapi/|title=Member Spotlight for Dr. Francisca Mutapi {{!}} Connecting our members with evidence and expertise|work=www.ghdonline.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-09}}</ref> Alisoma shahada yake ya kwanza katika [[Biolojia|Sayansi ya Biolojia]] mnamo mwaka wa 1991 kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Zimbabwe|katika Chuo Kikuu cha Zimbabwe]], alishinda tuzo ya kuwa mwanafunzi wa programu za BSc na tuzo bora ya mwanafunzi wa Heshima za BSc katika [[Biolojia|Sayansi ya Biolojia]] . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://pig.bio.ed.ac.uk/prof-francisca-mutapi|title=Prof Francisca Mutapi {{!}} Parasite Immuno-epidemiology Group|work=pig.bio.ed.ac.uk|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-09|archivedate=2018-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211618/http://pig.bio.ed.ac.uk/prof-francisca-mutapi}}</ref> Alipata [[Uzamivu|DPhil]] katika [[Biolojia|Sayansi ya Biolojia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford]], na kuwa kama Msomi wa Beit Trust. <ref name=":0" /> Yeye ni mwanafunzi wa zamani wa Chuo cha Linacre, Oxford . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/about/news/alumna-awarded-professorship-university-edinburgh|title=Alumna awarded Professorship at University of Edinburgh {{!}} Linacre College|work=www.linacre.ox.ac.uk|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-09|archivedate=2018-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211549/http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/about/news/alumna-awarded-professorship-university-edinburgh}}</ref> == Kazi == [[Faili:Schistosomiasis_Life_Cycle.png|thumb|Mzunguko wa maisha wa kichocho ( [[Kichocho|Skistosomiasis]] )]] Baada ya kumaliza Shahada yake [[Uzamivu|ya Uzamivu (PhD)]], Mutapi alisomea mafunzo ya udaktari katika Taasisi ya Tiba ya Tropiki Antwerp kuanzia mwaka wa 1997 hadi mwaka wa 1999.Na aliendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo cha St Hilda, Oxford na katika Idara ya Wanyama, Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford . <ref name=":0"/> Pia amefanya kazi katika Idara ya Mikrobiolojia katika Chuo cha Birkbeck na Idara ya Masomo ya Mifugo ya Kliniki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Glasgow . <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sciencescotland.org/feature.php?id=274|title=Science Scotland|author=Media|first=MTC|work=www.sciencescotland.org|language=en-UK|accessdate=2018-10-09|archivedate=2018-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211339/http://www.sciencescotland.org/feature.php?id=274}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, Pia Mutapi alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh katika Ushirika wa Mafunzo ya Baraza la Utafiti wa Kimatibabu. <ref name=":1"/> P ia Kama Msomaji katika Shule ya Sayansi ya Biolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh, utafiti wa Mutapi ulikuwa katika afya ya kimataifa na magonjwa ya kitropiki, akibobea hasa katika utafiti wa [[Kichocho|kichocho/kichocho]], pia ni ugonjwa unaosababishwa na minyoo wanaotokana na vimelea unaokua katika konokono. <ref name=":2"/> Kazi yake ilichangia kipaumbele cha kichocho kama wasiwasi wa afya ya umma na [[Shirika la Afya Duniani|Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO)]] na kampuni ya dawa Merck KgaA . <ref name=":2" /> Mnamo mwaka wa 2012, Mutapi alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama waanzilishi wa Royal Society of Edinburgh's Young Academy. <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.futureafrica.science/index.php/profile/francisca-mutapi-46|title=Future Africa|work=www.futureafrica.science|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-10-09|archivedate=2018-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011143/http://www.futureafrica.science/index.php/profile/francisca-mutapi-46}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha barani Afrika mnamo mwaka wa 2015 <ref name=":3" /> na ni Mwanachama katika Chuo cha Sayansi cha Zimbabwe . <ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/news/public-consultation-experts-guideline-development-group/en/index13.html|title=WHO Guideline Development Group proposal. Guidelines for implementation of control and elimination of schistosomiasis and verification of interruption of transmission|author=|first=|date=|work=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917083730/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/news/public-consultation-experts-guideline-development-group/en/index13.html|archivedate=September 17, 2018|accessdate=2018-10-09}}</ref> Mutapi kwa sasa ni profesa aliyesomea mambo ya maambukizi na kinga ya afya duniani, na yeye ni mkurugenzi mwenza kutoka kwa Chuo cha Afya Duniani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh. <ref name=":4"/> Mutapi pia ni Naibu Mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Utafiti wa Afya Duniani cha NIHR TIBA (Kukabiliana na Maambukizi ili Kunufaisha bara la Afrika), kitu ambacho kinachukua mbinu kamili za kutekeleza utafiti katika sera zinazotegemea ushahidi katika nchi za Afrika, kwa kuzingatia sayansi, changamoto za kiteknolojia, na uchumi wa jamii . <ref name="praz">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pediatricpraziquantelconsortium.org/news-events/african-led-tiba-partnership-tackling-neglected-diseases|title=The African-led TIBA partnership: tackling neglected diseases {{!}} Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium|work=www.pediatricpraziquantelconsortium.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-09|archivedate=2020-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022035351/https://pediatricpraziquantelconsortium.org/news-events/african-led-tiba-partnership-tackling-neglected-diseases}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2018, Mutapi alishinda Tuzo ya Chancellor ya Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh kwa Athari kwa kutambua kazi yake katika matibabu ya ugonjwa wa kichocho. Mwaka uliofuata Mutapi aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya ushauri ya Nchini Uingereza. Mfuko wa Utafiti wa Changamoto za kutafuta misaada. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ukri.org/research/global-challenges-research-fund/strategic-advisory-group/|title=Strategic Advisory Group - UK Research and Innovation|work=www.ukri.org|accessdate=2019-02-19|archivedate=2019-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220062911/https://www.ukri.org/research/global-challenges-research-fund/strategic-advisory-group/}}</ref> Mbali na kazi yake ya kisayansi, Mutapi ni mchoraji pia, akitumia fedha kutoka kwa kazi yake kusaidia elimu nchini Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.artistsandillustrators.co.uk/francisca-mutapi|title=Artists and Illustrators: Francisca Mutapi|work=www.artistsandillustrators.co.uk|accessdate=2018-11-09|language=en|archive-date=2018-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109234720/https://www.artistsandillustrators.co.uk/francisca-mutapi|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Utafiti == Maabara ya Mutapi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh, Kundi la Vimelea na ya Kinga ya Vimelea, hutafiti majibu ya kinga dhidi ya helminth ndani ya watu binafsi na katika makundi mbalimbali hasa bara la Afrika . <ref name="pig">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://pig.bio.ed.ac.uk/research|title=Parasite Immuno-epidemiology Group Research|language=en|accessdate=2018-10-09|work=pig.bio.ed.ac.uk|archivedate=2018-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926180751/http://pig.bio.ed.ac.uk/research}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, utafiti wake unalenga kutengeneza uundaji wa praziquantel, dawa pekee inayofaa dhidi ya maambukizi ugonjwa wa kichocho, kwa watoto. <ref name="praz"/> Kwa sasa dawa hiyo ni kidonge kikubwa ambacho watoto katika maeneo yenye hatari kubwa hupambana nacho na mara nyingi husita kukitumia kidonge hicho kwa sababu ya ukubwa wake. Kwa sasa hakuna [[chanjo]] zinazopatikana kwa ajili ya maambukizi ya minyoo ya helminth ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kichocho]] . Mutapi inaongoza mbinu za proteomics ili kutengeneza wagombea wapya wa chanjo kwa vimelea hivi. Hii inahusisha matumizi ya spektrometri ya wingi ili kupata antijeni za vimelea (protini zinazoamsha mwitikio wa kinga unaobadilika) ambazo ni viambato vya chanjo zenye ufanisi. <ref name="pig"/> Katika sehemu maskini zaidi barani Afrika, maambukizi ya pamoja na vimelea mbalimbali kuenea ni jambo la kawaida. Mutapi ameanzisha utafiti katika mifano mingi ya hili, kama vile maambukizi ya pamoja ya [[malaria]] na [[kichocho]], na maambukizi ya aina mbalimbali za malaria . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Osakunor |first=Derick Nii Mensah |last2=Sengeh |first2=David Moinina |last3=Mutapi |first3=Francisca |date=2018-09-20 |title=Coinfections and comorbidities in African health systems: At the interface of infectious and noninfectious diseases |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=12 |issue=9 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006711 |issn=1935-2735 |pmc=6147336 |pmid=30235205 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0006711}}</ref> == Maisha ya kibinafsi == Mutapi ameolewa na Mark Woolhouse, ni profesa wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza. Kwa pamoja wamebahatika kuzaa mtoto wa kike. == Marejeo. == == Viungo vya nje == * [https://vimeo.com/181500426 Francisca Mutapi kuhusu kazi yake kama mwanabiolojia na utafiti wake kuhusu magonjwa ya kitropiki] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jm9pvpe1zqlly6o8hv98n7x7pl82tcm Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira 0 227323 1509515 1503392 2026-04-24T21:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira''' (alizaliwa 24 Juni 1961) ni [[rais]] wa zamani wa kwanza wa makamu wa Rais wa [[Burundi]] kutoka 11 Juni 1998 hadi 1 Novemba 2001. Yeye ni mwanachama wa kikabila cha Hutu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Africa {{!}} Burundi troops in Congo|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/320714.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Inquiry into Burundi coup set up|date=2001-04-20|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1287491.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-04-08}}</ref> Akiwania nafasi kama mgombea wa Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU) katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa 29 Juni 1993, alishinda kiti akiwakilisha mkoa wa Kirundo. Mnamo 11 Juni 1998, aliteuliwa kuwa makamu wa kwanza wa Rais (anayehusika na masuala ya kisiasa na utawala) na Rais wa Muda Pierre Buyoya. Alishikilia nafasi hiyo hadi [[serikali]] mpya ya ushirikiano wa madaraka ilipoanzishwa mnamo 1 Novemba 2001. Mnamo 6 Desemba 2013, alikamatwa akiwa anapita mitaani mwa Bujumbura na kashutumiwa kwa kutoa pesa kwa maafisa wa polisi waliomkamata. Hii ilimfanya afungwe jela licha ya kwamba serikali ilibatilisha mashtaka yote ya awali.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radio Isanganiro|url=http://isanganiro.org/spip.php?article5824.|work=isanganiro.org|accessdate=2026-04-08|archive-date=2016-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030141339/http://isanganiro.org/spip.php?article5824.|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] qzk2f44xpf2n098xthyfhtoktqrw0ch Grace Olusola Gbotosho 0 227331 1509537 1503507 2026-04-24T22:54:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gbotosho''' ni mtaalamu wa maswala ya dawa kutoka nchini [[Nigeria]] pamoja ni mtaalamu wa dawa na pharmacokinetics ya dawa za malaria . Pia ni mhadhiri mkuu kwenye Idara ya Famasia na Tiba ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . == Biografia == Gbotosho, alizaliwa akiwa na jina la ukoo Omitowo, alipata elimu yake kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Ife (mahali alipopata shahada ya kwanza kwenye famasia kwa heshima mwaka wa 1985) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] (alipata elimu ya Shahada ya Uzamili kwenye Famasia mwaka wa 1991 na Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Famasia na Tiba kipindi cha mwaka wa 2000) na kwenye Shule ya Famasia ya UCL . <ref name="ui.edu">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Grace O. GBOTOSHO|url=https://www.com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-grace-o-gbotosho|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=University of Ibadan College of Medicine|archive-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104163942/https://www.com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-grace-o-gbotosho|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kipindi cha Aprili 1995, aliungana na wafanyakazi wa kitaaluma wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] kwa nafasiya mhadhiri, kabla ya kupandishwa cheo hadi kuwa mhadhiri mkuu mwaka wa Oktoba 1999. <ref name="ui.edu" /> Kwa sasa yupo kazini kwenye Idara ya Famasia na Tiba ya Chuo Kikuu. <ref name="ui.edu" /> Kwa nafasi yake ya mtafiti, yeye ni mtaalamu wa pharmacodynamics na pharmacokinetics ya dawa za malaria . <ref name="ui.edu"/> Yeye ni mwanachama wa bodi ya wahariri kwenye Jarida la Afrika la Sayansi ya Biomedical, Jarida la Afrika la Tiba na Sayansi ya Matibabu, na Jarida la Afya ya Umma na Epidemiolojia. <ref name="ui.edu" /> Pamoja na hayo yeye ni mwanakikundi wa Jumuiya ya Madawa ya Nigeria na Jumuiya ya Marekani ya Tiba na Usafi wa Kitropiki . <ref name="ui.edu" /> Amekuwa na nafasi kadhaa ya washauri wa muda na [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] . <ref name="ui.edu" /> Kipindi cha mwezi Februari na mwaka 2023, wakati wa hotuba kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan, Gbotosho alitoa maonyo kua ufanisi wa matibabu ya tiba mchanganyiko zinazotokana na artemisinin ulikuwa ukipungua kwa watoto walioambukizwa malaria, hasa artemether/lumefantrine, na akapendekeza kuonyesha ushirikiano kwa maboresho ya matibabu ya malaria, sanasana kuundwa kwa "Shule ya Malaria ya Kiafrika" na kutolewa kwa klorokwini kutoka kwa mzunguko wa dawa za malaria. Aliteuliwa kama Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika mwaka wa 2019 na kama Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Nigeria kipindi cha mwaka wa 2020. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-06-02|title=Fellows of the Academy|url=https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Nigerian Academy of Science|language=en-US|archivedate=2 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302212838/https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] t9twl8jorpyx57frqejy01x31jpx796 Dot Cleminshaw 0 227416 1509488 1503736 2026-04-24T17:01:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothy Cleminshaw''' ([[15 Septemba]] [[1922]] – [[18 Desemba]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[Mwanaharakati|mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] na mpinga ubaguzi wa rangi ([[apartheid]]). Alikuwa mwanachama wa Liberal Party of South Africa na mmoja wa viongozi mashuhuri wa harakati ya Black Sash katika eneo la [[Western Cape]]. Alijulikana hasa kwa utafiti na utetezi wake kuhusu vizuizi vya kisiasa, haki ya kutoa mimba, na upinzani wa kujiunga na jeshi kwa lazima. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Cleminshaw alizaliwa mjini [[Cape Town]] tarehe 15 Septemba [[1922]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2 Septemba 2019 |title=Dorothy Cleminshaw |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dorothy-cleminshaw |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, alihitimu masomo ya sekondari katika Ellerslie School iliyopo Sea Point. Baadaye alisoma katika chuo kikuu cha Afrika kusini na kuhitimu shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa (BA) kwa ufaulu wa juu (cum laude).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=20 Desemba 2011 |title=Veteran activist Cleminshaw dies at 89 |work=Cape Times |url=https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/veteran-activist-cleminshaw-dies-at-89-1201750 |access-date=2023-10-29}}</ref> == Uanaharakati na utafiti == Cleminshaw alifanya kazi kama katibu wakati wa masomo yake na pia aliwahi kufanya kazi katika Idara ya Ulinzi mjini [[Pretoria]] wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya vita, yeye na mume wake walishika nafasi za uongozi katika tawi la Cape Town la Torch Commando, wakipinga sera za serikali ya apartheid, hususan muswada wa Separate Representation of Voters Act.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Alijiunga na Liberal Party of South Africa na baadaye kushiriki katika International Defence and Aid Fund, akisaidia familia za wafungwa wa kisiasa. Kazi hii aliendeleza kupitia Black Sash kuanzia mwaka [[1963]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Dorothy "Dot" Cleminshaw |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/dorothy-%E2%80%9Cdot%E2%80%9D-cleminshaw |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=The Presidency |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103041454/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/dorothy-%E2%80%9Cdot%E2%80%9D-cleminshaw |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika kazi yake ya baadaye, alifanya kazi katika Institute of Race Relations, Zonnebloem College, na Baraza la Elimu ya Juu la Afrika Kusini chini ya uongozi wa Bill Hoffenberg.<ref name=":0" /> Pia alihusika na Christian Institute of Southern Africa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Burton |first=Mary |date=Desemba 2011 |title=Obituary: Dot Cleminshaw (1922–2011) |journal=Concord |pages=14}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa kupinga sheria za ubaguzi wa rangi, kutetea haki ya kutoa mimba, na kushiriki katika kampeni ya End Conscription Campaign. Alikamatwa mara kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na wakati wa uchunguzi wa Schlebusch Commission mwaka [[1972]] na kwa kusambaza ripoti kuhusu ukatili wa polisi mwaka [[1977]] pamoja na kasisi David Russell.<ref name=":3" /> Mwaka 1977, akiwa nje ya nchi, alihamasisha jamii ya kimataifa kuhusu vifo vya wafungwa waliokuwa chini ya ulinzi wa polisi, kufuatia kifo cha mwanaharakati [[Steve Biko]].<ref name=":3" /> Mwaka 1981 alihukumiwa kwa kumiliki kitabu kilichopigwa marufuku cha Biko, ''I Write What I Like'', na alifungwa kwa muda mfupi katika Pollsmoor Prison kabla ya hukumu hiyo kufutwa.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya kumalizika kwa mwisho wa apartheid, Cleminshaw alishiriki katika juhudi za kudai fidia kwa waathirika wa ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu uliofanywa wakati wa apartheid.<ref name=":3" /> == Maisha binafsi na kifo == Katika miaka ya [[1950]], aliolewa na Harry Cleminshaw, ambaye alifariki kabla yake. Walipata watoto na wajukuu.<ref name=":1" /> Baada ya kufanyiwa upasuaji mkubwa wa mgongo mwaka [[1982]], afya yake ilidorora, lakini aliendelea na uanaharakati wake.<ref name=":0" /> Aliishi katika eneo la Newlands, Cape Town hadi uzeeni alipohamia kuishi na mwanawe. Alifariki tarehe 18 Desemba [[2011]] baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu.<ref name=":1" /> == Tuzo na heshima == Mwaka [[2002]], alitunukiwa shahada ya heshima ya Uzamili wa Sayansi ya Jamii kutoka [[University of Cape Town]] kwa mchango wake katika haki za binadamu.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka [[2010]], Rais wa Afrika Kusini [[Jacob Zuma]] alimtunuku Order of Luthuli (daraja la Silver) kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kupigania jamii yenye usawa, haki na demokrasia.<ref name="gov._Nati">{{Cite web |title=National Orders awards April 2010 |url=http://www.gov.za/about-government/national-orders-awards-april-2010}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] 6gun2nfdlxpgz4m6a58in795ja1sh8q Gelase Ndabirabe 0 227442 1509524 1503780 2026-04-24T21:47:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gélase Daniel Ndabirabe''' (alizaliwa 1957) <ref>{{Citation|title=Burundi|date=2018-07-05|url=https://data.ipu.org/content/burundi?chamber_id=13353|work=Parline: the IPU’s Open Data Platform|language=en|access-date=2026-04-09|archive-date=2023-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003201605/https://data.ipu.org/content/burundi?chamber_id=13353|url-status=dead}}</ref>ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Burundi kutoka chama cha CNDD–FDD. Amekuwa [[Rais]] wa Bunge la Taifa la Burundi tangu tarehe 7 Agosti [[2020]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Burundi: Daniel Gelase Ndabirabe yatowe nk'umukuru w’inama nshingamateka|url=https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/53695507|work=BBC News Gahuza|language=rw|access-date=2026-04-09}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] 7qnouxcatwr7sfzjx60flwqeiqgtnh4 Dianne Kohler Barnard 0 227493 1509482 1503974 2026-04-24T16:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dianne Kohler Barnard''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa zamani, aliyehudumu pia kama Mbunge wa Chama cha Democratic Alliance (DA). Mnamo Oktoba 2015, alifukuzwa kutoka chama hicho na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shirikisho la DA. Hata hivyo, mnamo Desemba 2015, uamuzi huo ulifutwa baada ya Barnard kukata rufaa Tume ya Kisheria ya Shirikisho la DA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2015/12/22/Kohler-Barnards-expulsion-lifted|title=Dianne Kohler Barnard's expulsion is lifted, with conditions|first=Mia|last=Lindeque|website=ewn.co.za}}</ref> Alizaliwa Port Elizabeth na kwa sasa anaishi KwaZulu-Natal, ambapo anawakilisha jimbo la Durban South.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.da.org.za/contact.htm?action=view-page&category=da-in-your-area&province=kwazulu-natal|title=Contact – DA in Your Area: KwaZulu-Natal}}</ref> == Kazi katika uandishi wa habari == Kohler Barnard alitumia zaidi ya miaka 23 akifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari wa redio na magazeti. Aliendesha ofisi za SAfm za KwaZulu-Natal na pia aliwasilisha na kuandaa kipindi cha habari cha alasiri kilichotolewa na kituo hicho kilichoitwa ''The Editors''. Aidha, Kohler Barnard alikuwa mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Utangazaji, Vyombo vya Habari vya Kielektroniki na Washirika huko KwaZulu-Natal, na pia alikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa kamati ya kwanza ya SABC inayoshughulikia VVU/Ukimwi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/dianne-kohler-barnard-5950|title=Ms Dianne Kohler Barnard|accessdate=2026-04-09|archive-date=2012-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718014127/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/dianne-kohler-barnard-5950|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siasa == Kohler Barnard alihamia kwenye siasa kutokana na kuongezeka kwa kuingiliwa kwa serikali katika usimamizi wa SABC. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Chama cha Democratic Alliance (DA) mwaka 2004, na hapo awali alikuwa msemaji wa Idara ya Sanaa na Utamaduni.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ditabo|first=Malaika|title=Another demotion for Mazzone as she moves from state security role back to communications|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/government/another-demotion-for-mazzone-as-she-moves-from-state-security-role-back-to-communications-20230421|access-date=2023-04-21|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa msemaji wa upinzani kuhusu Afya, ambapo aliweka wazi ukosoaji mkubwa dhidi ya Waziri wa Afya wakati huo, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, hasa kutokana na kumuunga mkono mfanyabiashara maarufu wa vitamini wa Ujerumani, Matthias Rath. Rath alijaribu kumshtaki Kohler Barnard kwa kumwelezea kama "mdanganyifu" na pia alilenga kushtaki magazeti yaliyochapisha kauli hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.da.org.za/contact.htm?action=view-page&category=da-in-your-area&province=kwazulu-natal|title=Contact – DA in Your Area: KwaZulu-Natal}}</ref> Kohler Barnard baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri Kivuli wa Polisi. Aidha, alikuwa mwakilishi wa DA katika ujumbe wa waangalizi wa SADC nchini Zimbabwe katika chaguzi mbili zilizopita. Kufuatia kashfa zilizotokea, alihamishiwa kuwa Naibu Msemaji wa Kazi za Umma mwaka 2015. Baadaye alirejeshwa katika wizara ya Polisi, lakini wakati huu kama Naibu Waziri Kivuli mnamo Agosti 2017. Akiwa amewahi kushika wadhifa wa Waziri Kivuli wa Mawasiliano na Teknolojia za Kidijitali, Kohler Barnard aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri Kivuli wa Usalama wa Nchi mnamo Aprili 21, 2023. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}}{{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanaharakati wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wanawake Afrika Kusini]] 5gnibyqih2gibv7nfx18fcd9vzf1jny Gabriel Ntisezerana 0 227505 1509519 1503999 2026-04-24T21:28:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Ntisezerana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Burundi ambaye aliwahi kuwa Makamu wa [[Rais]] wa Burundi kuanzia Februari 2007 hadi Agosti 2010. Baadaye, alikuwa Rais wa Seneti ya Burundi kuanzia Agosti 2010 hadi Agosti 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ASSECAA|url=https://www.assecaa.org/index.php/en/?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&catid=9&lang=en-GB|work=www.assecaa.org|accessdate=2026-04-10}}</ref> Ni mchumi na mwanabenki aliyefundishwa kitaaluma. Awali, alihudumu kama [[Gavana]] wa Benki ya Jamhuri ya Burundi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interbank Burundi s.a.|url=http://www.interbankbdi.com/ibb_infos/news/ibb_en_00005.htm|work=www.interbankbdi.com|accessdate=2026-04-10|archive-date=2007-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093659/http://www.interbankbdi.com/ibb_infos/news/ibb_en_00005.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.brb.bi/sites/default/files/RAPPORT%20ANNUEL%202014.pdf|work=www.brb.bi|accessdate=2026-04-10|archive-date=2022-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204072109/https://www.brb.bi/sites/default/files/RAPPORT%20ANNUEL%202014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mtu}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] ec6f9kw3bdneef4xth5zp203zlhkcpq Gervais Rufyikiri 0 227516 1509527 1504012 2026-04-24T22:06:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gervais Rufyikiri''' (amezaliwa 12 Aprili 1965) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Burundi ambaye aliwahi kuwa Makamu wa Pili wa Rais wa Burundi kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombia - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/|work=www.cia.gov|accessdate=2026-04-10|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618105825/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa Gitega. Rufyikiri ana shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika Sayansi za Uhandisi wa Biolojia, Kilimo na Mazingira kutoka chuo kikuu cha Ubelgiji cha Université Catholique de Louvain. Yeye ni Mwahutu na ni mwanachama wa chama cha Baraza la Kitaifa la [[Ulinzi]] wa Demokrasia - Vikosi vya Ulinzi wa Demokrasia. Kabla ya kuwa Makamu wa Pili wa Rais, aliwahi kuwa Rais wa Seneti ya Burundi kuanzia 2005 hadi 2010, nafasi aliyoiacha alipoingia serikalini kama Makamu wa Pili wa Rais. Akiwa mwanachama wa chama tawala cha Baraza la Kitaifa la Ulinzi wa [[Demokrasia]] - Vikosi vya Ulinzi wa Demokrasia, alionyesha upinzani wake dhidi ya mgombea wa Rais Pierre Nkurunziza kwa muhula wa tatu mwaka 2015. Baada ya msimamo huo, alitengwa kisiasa na baadaye alihama nchini na kwenda uhamishoni nchini Belgium tarehe 25 Juni 2015, akitangaza kuwa kugombea kwa Nkurunziza kulikuwa kinyume cha katiba na kwamba alitanguliza maslahi yake binafsi badala ya ya taifa. Serikali ya Burundi ilikaribisha kuondoka kwake na ilidai alihusika na jaribio lililoshindwa la mapinduzi la Mei 2015.<ref>{{Citation|title=Burundi Vice-President Gervais Rufyikiri flees|date=2015-06-25|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-33267428|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-04-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4vdk54ckwgb851cy45rdefq5ddrj5da Imelde Sabushimike 0 227522 1509552 1504022 2026-04-25T01:58:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imelde Sabushimike''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Burundi]] anayehudumu kama Waziri wa Haki za Binadamu, Masuala ya Jamii na Jinsia nchini Burundi, akiwa ameteuliwa na Rais wa Burundi Évariste Ndayishimiye. Yeye ni mwanamke wa kwanza wa jamii ya Batwa kuingia katika serikali ya Burundi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Butoyi|first=Phirmin|title=Imelde Sabushimike, First Twa Woman in a Government in Africa : Burundi makes history|url=https://www.afroamerica.net/index.php/79-politics/world-politics/1377-imelde-sabushimike-first-twa-woman-in-a-government-in-africa-burundi-makes-history.html|work=AroniSmart|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-04-10|archive-date=2021-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629145512/https://www.afroamerica.net/index.php/79-politics/world-politics/1377-imelde-sabushimike-first-twa-woman-in-a-government-in-africa-burundi-makes-history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu na historia yake == Sabushimike ana shahada ya uchumi. Pia alifanya kazi kama Katibu katika Tume ya Kitaifa ya Mazungumzo ya Ndani. == Kazi yake == Mwaka 2013, alifanya kazi katika shirika lisilo la kiserikali linaloitwa UNIPROBA (Unissons nous pour la promotion des Batwa), lililoanzishwa mwaka 2003 kwa lengo la kutetea haki za jamii ya Batwa. Kupitia kazi yake, alihusika katika kuboresha maisha ya jamii ya Batwa, akilenga [[maendeleo]] ya kijamii kama elimu, ajira na nishati.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imelde Sabushimike: calling for the protection of Burundi's Batwa community|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2013/09/imelde-sabushimike-calling-protection-burundis-batwa-community|work=OHCHR|accessdate=2026-04-10|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7uluyit5z4m179pd36ucbb65yicanyc Enrique Collar 0 227599 1509497 1504380 2026-04-24T18:53:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enrique Collar Monterrubio''' ([[2 Novemba]] [[1934]] - [[29 Desemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga wa kushoto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=321&show_all=1 |title=Valencia CF profile |accessdate=2026-04-10 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424143731/http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19%3Fpid%3D321%26show_all%3D1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Muere Enrique Collar, leyenda del Atlético de Madrid|trans-title=Enrique Collar, Atlético Madrid legend, dies|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/futbol/2025/12/29/6952fde0e9cf4a51158b4581.html|access-date=3 January 2026|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |date=29 December 2025 |language=Spanish}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1934|2025}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 6jhchou4gr9uja6bzrhtgoqyf0lgcxs Iruka N. Okeke 0 227603 1509553 1504382 2026-04-25T02:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iruka Okeke''' ni mtaalamu wa dawa wa kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Iruka ni profesa katika Kitivo na katika Sayansi ya Dawa, na profesa msaidizi katika Chuo cha Tiba, vyote katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], nchini Nigeria. Kazi yake ni kufanya utafiti wa bakteria wa tumbo waliotelekezwa kama vile ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', wanayojulikana kwa uwezo wao wa kusababisha maambukizi [[Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu|ya damu]] na kuhara. Anatetea matumizi ya mbinu za Genomics ili kuongeza ufuatiliaji na kupata uelewa bora wa vijidudu vya vimelea. Maslahi ya utafiti wa Okeke yanapanua hadi kupambana na upinzani wa vijidudu na kuchunguza pathogenesis ya bakteria, [[epidemiolojia]], na upinzani wa vijidudu wa bakteria wa tumbo . Michango ya Iruka katika uwanja huu imempatia umaarufu wa kutambuliwa kama mshiriki wa taasisi zinazoheshimika kama vile katikaChuo cha Sayansi cha Nchini Nigeria, na Chuo cha Sayansi cha barani Afrika . Okeke amepokea tuzo nyingi zikiwemo tuzo kama vile Tuzo ya Jumuiya ya Marekani ya Microbiology Moselio Schaechter ya mwaka wa 2023 katika Kutambua Mwanabiolojia wa Nchi Zinazoendelea, Tuzo ya Peter Wildy kutoka Jumuiya ya Microbiology ya Nchini Uingereza ya mwaka wa 2024, na mnamo mwaka wa 2025 alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Marekani cha Microbiology . == Maisha na elimu == Okeke alizaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]] na wazazi kutoka Nigeria, na baadaye akahamia nchini Nigeria ili kuendelea na masomo yake ya sekondari. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Haverford Winter 2014|url=https://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=200366&view=issueViewer&pp=1|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.mydigitalpublication.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Alisoma Shahada yake ya Kwanza ya Famasia kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo, mnamo mwaka wa 1994, akifuatiwa na Shahada yake ya pili ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika Famasia mnamo mwaka wa 1998 katika chuo kikuu hicho hicho. Baadaye alikamilisha shahada yake ya Uzamivu ya Falsafa kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo kwa kushirikiana na Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland, Nchini Marekani, mnamo mwaka wa 2000. Baadaye Okeke alisomea Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Microbiolojia na Immunology, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Iruka N. Okeke new Editor-in-Chief|url=https://aslm.org/press-release/new-editor-in-chief/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=African Society for Laboratory Medicine|date=8 April 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> akitumia mwaka mmoja katika Kituo cha Maendeleo ya Chanjo, kama Msomi wa Fulbright katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland. Okeke ameolewa na ana mtoto wa kike. Okeke alifanya utafiti wake wa baada ya udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland, Marekani na Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala, [[Uswidi|Sweden]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2000 alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford, Nchini Uingereza, kama mshiriki wa kitivo cha ualimu.Kisha alihamia katika Chuo cha Haverford, Nchini Marekani mwaka wa 2002 kama profesa msaidizi kabla ya kuwa Profesa kamili mwaka wa 2014. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Okeke Iruka|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=www.aasciences.africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|archivedate=2023-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331123022/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi chake huko Haverford alikuwa Mshirika wa Branco Weiss wa Jumuiya ya Sayansi kati ya mwaka wa 2004 na mwaka wa 2009, na Mshirika wa Taasisi ya AdvancedStudies, Berlin kuanzia mwaka wa 2010 hadi mwaka wa 2011. <ref name=":2" /> Utafiti wake umejikita katika kutumia jenetiki za bakteria ili kuelewa epidemiolojia ya molekuli, ukoloni, pathogenesis na upinzani wa viuavija sumu wa bakteria wa tumbo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iruka Okeke {{!}} STS Infrastructures|url=https://stsinfrastructures.org/content/iruka-okeke|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=stsinfrastructures.org|archivedate=2019-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203232544/https://stsinfrastructures.org/content/iruka-okeke}}</ref> Amesoma protini za uso wa ''E. coli'' na kuelezea jinsi protini hizo husaidia bakteria kutawala utumbo. Mnamo mwaka wa 2014, Okeke alihamia [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan|katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], Nchini Nigeria, akiungwa mkono na Baraza la Utafiti wa Kimatibabu la Nhini Uingereza na katika Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya Nchini Uingereza kama Kiongozi wa Utafiti wa barani Afrika. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Okeke Iruka|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=www.aasciences.africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|archivedate=2023-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331123022/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019 alipewa ufadhili kutoka kwa mpango wa ugunduzi wa dawa wa Grand Challenge Africa ili kubaini misombo inayowezekana ya dawa dhidi ya ugonjwa wa bakteria <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-innovators-discovering-new-drugs-diseases-endemic-africa|title=African innovators discovering new drugs for diseases endemic to Africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|work=www.aasciences.africa|accessdate=2019-12-03|archivedate=2019-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203234115/https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-innovators-discovering-new-drugs-diseases-endemic-africa}}</ref> Pia anafanya kazi katika suluhisho za teknolojia za gharama nafuu ili kufuatilia upinzani wa viuavija sumu katika mazingira ya kipato cha chini, kwa usaidizi kutoka kwa [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|Wakfu wa Bill & Melinda Gates]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/grant/minimal-genomics-lab-amr-surveillance-and-diagnostics-provincial-low-income-settings|title=Minimal Genomics Lab for AMR Surveillance and Diagnostics in Provincial Low-income Settings {{!}} Grand Challenges|work=gcgh.grandchallenges.org|accessdate=2019-12-03}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2017 aliteuliwa kuwa mhariri mkuu wa ''[[African Journal of Laboratory Medicine|Jarida la Tiba la Maabara la Afrika]]'' . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Iruka N. Okeke new Editor-in-Chief|url=http://www.aslm.org/stay-informed/press-room/press-releases/new-editor-in-chief/|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=ASLM|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222161835/http://www.aslm.org/stay-informed/press-room/press-releases/new-editor-in-chief/}}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mwanachama wa mwaka 2025 wa Chuo cha Marekani cha Mikrobiolojia <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 February 2025|title=65 Fellows Elected Into the American Academy of Microbiology|url=https://asm.org/Press-Releases/2025/February/65-Fellows-Elected-Into-the-American-Academy-of-Mi|accessdate=2025-03-06|work=American Society for Microbiology|language=en}}</ref> * Tuzo la Jumuiya ya Marekani ya Microbiolojia Moselio Schaechter katika Kutambua Mwanabiolojia wa Nchi Zinazoendelea, Juni 2024 <ref name="asm.org">{{Rejea tovuti|title=ASM Moselio Schaechter Award in Recognition of a Developing-Country Microbiologist|url=https://asm.org/Academy/ASM-Moselio-Schaechter-Award-in-Recognition-of-a|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ASM.org|language=en}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Peter Wildy. Jumuiya ya Microbiolojia ya Uingereza, Aprili 2023 <ref name="Society">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Society|first=Microbiology|title=Peter Wildy Prize Winners|url=https://microbiologysociety.org/grants-prizes/all-prizes-and-competitions-/prize-lectures/peter-wildy-prize-lecture/peter-wildy-prize-winners.html|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=microbiologysociety.org}}</ref> * Ushirika wa Uongozi wa Sayansi wa Calestous Juma, Wakfu wa Bill na Melinda Gates, 2021–2026 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Calestous Juma Science Leadership Fellowship {{!}} Science for Africa Foundation|url=https://scienceforafrica.foundation/calestous-juma-science-leadership-fellowship|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=scienceforafrica.foundation|language=en}}</ref> * Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Nigeria mnamo 2018 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-06-02|title=Fellows of the Academy {{!}} The Nigerian Academy of Science|url=https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=nas.org.ng|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302212838/https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Balozi wa Famasia katika Diaspora. Kitivo cha Famasia, Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo, Nigeria, 2014 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iruka N Okeke|url=https://brancoweissfellowship.org/alumni/okeke/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Branco Weiss Fellowship|language=en-US}}</ref> * Tuzo la Mzunguko wa Maisha wa Mwanafunzi wa Mellon 23 kwa mipango ya awali ya mtaala inayotumika kujenga misingi ya usomi wa wanafunzi, 2009 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke" /> * Ushirika wa Branco Weiss. Jumuiya ya Sayansi, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Shirikisho la Uswizi) Zürich, 2004-2009 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke" /> * Tuzo ya Tasnifu ya Vyuo Vikuu vya Nigeria. Tuzo ya Tasnifu ya Kitaifa ya PhD - Kategoria ya Sayansi, 2001 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.haverford.edu/sites/default/files/Department/iokeke_resume.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311150224/https://www.haverford.edu/sites/default/files/Department/iokeke_resume.pdf|archivedate=2024-03-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] 0xmftndousrcapvg5zvwmq0mzrfz1my Catherine Kyobutungi 0 227639 1509396 1504405 2026-04-24T13:02:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Catherine_Kyobutungi_by_Billy_Miaron_at_computer.jpg|thumb|Catherine Kyobutungi]] '''Catherine Kyobutungi''' (alizaliwa [[1972]]) ni [[Epidemiolojia|mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya mlipuko]] [[Uganda|nchini Uganda]] na kwa sasa ameshika nafasi kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kituo cha Utafiti wa Idadi ya Watu na Afya cha Afrika (APHRC) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aphrc.org/|title=APHRC Homepage|work=APHRC|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://indepth-network.org/aphrcs-new-executive-director-%E2%80%93-dr-catherine-kyobutungi|title=APHRC'S NEW EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – Dr Catherine Kyobutungi|work=indepth-network.org|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2023-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112021/http://indepth-network.org/aphrcs-new-executive-director-%E2%80%93-dr-catherine-kyobutungi}}</ref> na Mwenyekiti wa Joep Lange kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Amsterdam. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/|title=Catherine Kyobutungi appointed as Joep Lange Chair|author=Institute|first=Joep Lange|work=Joep Lange Institute|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-07|archivedate=2020-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331152952/https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Catherine Kyobutungi|url=https://unu.edu/about/unu-council-member/catherine-kyobutungi|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=United Nations University|language=en}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kwenye Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika mwaka wa 2018. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kyobutungi Catherine {{!}} The AAS|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellows/kyobutungi-catherine|accessdate=2026-02-18|work=www.aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kyobutungi alizaliwa mwaka wa 1972 huko [[Gulu]] nchini [[Uganda]] . <ref name="heidel">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/6262/1/Catherine_Kyobutungi.pdf|title=Mortality from cancers and external causes of death among Aussiedler in Germany 1990- 2002 – an epidemiological cohort study|author=Kyobutungi|first=Catherine|date=|work=University of Heidelberg|accessdate=11 October 2019}}</ref> Alianza elimu yake ya udaktari kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] mnamo 1990. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/|title=Catherine Kyobutungi appointed as Joep Lange Chair|work=Joep Lange Institute|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2020-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331152952/https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimisha masomo yake mnamo 1996 alifanya kazi kama afisa wa matibabu kwenye Hospitali ya Jumuiya ya Rushere . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aasciences.ac.ke/fellow/kyobutungi-catherine|title=Kyobutungi Catherine|work=aasciences.ac.ke|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2019-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606090140/https://aasciences.ac.ke/fellow/kyobutungi-catherine}}</ref> Kyobutungi alihama kutoka udaktari wa kimatibabu ili kwenda kwenye afya ya umma kwa sababu aliwaza angeweza kuokoa maisha zaidi kwa kurekebisha mfumo wa huduma ya afya ya [[Afrika]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://elifesciences.org/inside-elife/8304ca3b/webinar-report-building-connections-and-developing-research-in-sub-saharan-africa|title=Webinar Report: Building connections and developing research in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2017-10-12|work=eLife|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-02}}</ref> Alipata elimu ya [[Uzamili|shahada ya uzamili]] kwenye afya ya jamii na shahada ya udaktari juu ya [[epidemiolojia]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Heidelberg|Chuo Kikuu cha Ruprecht Karl cha Heidelberg]] mnamo 2002. <ref> Utafiti wake wa udaktari ulibobea katika Idara ya Usafi wa Kitropiki na Afya ya Umma ikiwa chini ya na Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Heiko Becher. <ref/> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://indepth-network.org/dr-catherine-kyobutungi|title=Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi|work=indepth-network.org|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2023-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112014/http://indepth-network.org/dr-catherine-kyobutungi}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2006 Kyobutungi alijiunga na Kituo cha Utafiti wa Idadi ya Watu na Afya cha Afrika kama mwanafunzi wa postdoctoral, na hatimaye alichaguliwa kama Mkuu wa mpango wa utafiti wa Changamoto na Mifumo. <ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio|title=APHRC's Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi Speaks to National Public Radio|work=Audioboom|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-02|date=Sep 15, 2014|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123194434/https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu, Kyobutungi alianza kufundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Mbarara. <ref> == Utafiti na kazi == Kwenye kipindi cha Oktoba 2017, Kyobutungi alichaguliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Utafiti kwenye Kituo cha Utafiti wa Idadi ya Watu na Afya cha Afrika (APHRC). <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aphrc.org/trainingprograms/index.php/pages/aphrc-facilitators/180-catherine-kyobutungi-phd|title=Catherine Kyobutungi, PhD|work=aphrc.org|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2020-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331154947/https://aphrc.org/trainingprograms/index.php/pages/aphrc-facilitators/180-catherine-kyobutungi-phd}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://indepth-network.org/aphrcs-new-executive-director-%E2%80%93-dr-catherine-kyobutungi|title=APHRC'S New Executive Director – Dr Catherine Kyobutungi|publisher=Indepth Network|work=indepth-network.org|accessdate=2019-12-23|archivedate=2023-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318112021/http://indepth-network.org/aphrcs-new-executive-director-%E2%80%93-dr-catherine-kyobutungi}}</ref> Katika nafasi hii alitathmini changamoto za afya ya uzazi na ustawi kwenye miji ya [[Afrika]] . <ref name="audioboom.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio|title=APHRC's Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi Speaks to National Public Radio|work=Audioboom|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-02|date=Sep 15, 2014|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123194434/https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio "APHRC's Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi Speaks to National Public Radio"] {{Wayback|url=https://audioboom.com/posts/2479560-aphrc-s-dr-catherine-kyobutungi-speaks-to-national-public-radio |date=20250123194434 }}. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://urbanage.lsecities.net/talks/well-being-in-african-cities#slides|work=urbanage.lsecities.net|accessdate=2019-10-02|title=Well-being in African cities}}</ref> Kyobutungi alitafuta kuimarisha [[utawala]] kwenye huduma za [[afya]] za mitaa, pamoja na kutoa elimu, miundombinu na vifaa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Catherine%20Kyobutungi%20Presentation.pdf|title=Maternal health in the context of poor urban settlements: Nairobi case study|author=Kyobutungi|first=Catherine|work=Wilson Center|accessdate=2019-10-02}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Japo watafiti wa Kiafrika kwenye vituo hivi vya afya vya mitaa wanaweza kutoa asilimia kubwa ya data muhimu za afya, mara nyingi hawana uwezo wa kuichambua. <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.who.int/tdr/news/2015/research-data-share/en/|title=Workshop on how to expand research data sharing|work=WHO|accessdate=2019-10-02|date=23 April 2015}}</ref> Kyobutungi ameelezea data ya utafiti wa Kiafrika isiyotumika kama kama kiboko, "kwa sasa tunaweza kuona na kupata kiasi kidogo sana - kama masikio ya kiboko ndani ya maji - lakini tunajua kuna uwezo mkubwa ulio chini ya uso". <ref name=":3" /> Alifanyika kua na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa APHRC mwaka wa 2017. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Berman |first=Philippa |date=2017-10-28 |title=Catherine Kyobutungi: leading African health research capacity |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32672-7/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=390 |issue=10106 |pages=1942 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32672-7 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=29115223 |s2cid=205988436 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hapa kazi yake imejikita kwenye epidemiolojia ya magonjwa ya moyo na mishipa, kuenea kwa kisukari kwenye jamii duni za mijini na njia za kuzuia magonjwa ya moyo na mishipa kwenye makazi ya watu masikini [[Nairobi|ya Nairobi]] . <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aphrc.org/trainingprograms/index.php/pages/aphrc-facilitators/180-catherine-kyobutungi-phd|title=Catherine Kyobutungi, PhD|work=aphrc.org|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2020-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331154947/https://aphrc.org/trainingprograms/index.php/pages/aphrc-facilitators/180-catherine-kyobutungi-phd}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200331154947/https://aphrc.org/trainingprograms/index.php/pages/aphrc-facilitators/180-catherine-kyobutungi-phd "Catherine Kyobutungi, PhD"]. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=Catherine Kyobutungi - Monitoring the Health Needs of Urban Slums|date=6 June 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP0W3SHkuMI|language=en|access-date=2019-10-02}}</ref> Alikuwa na nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa uzinduzi wa Chama cha Epidemiolojia cha Kenya. Kyobutungi amefanyabidii ya kuboresha kupatikana kwa elimu kwa wasichana, ikiwa ni pamoja na maendeleo ya rasilimali za jamii na washauri waliofunzwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.heardproject.org/uncategorized/spotlight-dr-catherine-kyobutungi/|title=Spotlight: Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-02|date=January 31, 2019|archivedate=2019-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002204323/https://www.heardproject.org/uncategorized/spotlight-dr-catherine-kyobutungi/}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2019, jina la Kyobutungi lilitangazwa kama Mwenyekiti wa Joep Lange, nafasi ya kuchunguza magonjwa yasiyoambukiza kwenye nchi za Afrika. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/|title=Catherine Kyobutungi appointed as Joep Lange Chair|work=Joep Lange Institute|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2020-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331152952/https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200331152952/https://www.joeplangeinstitute.org/news-item/catherine-kyobutungi-appointed-as-joep-lange-chair/ "Catherine Kyobutungi appointed as Joep Lange Chair"]. </cite></ref> Magonjwa yasiyoambukiza yanaongezeka kwenye nchi za Afrika, na mifumo ya sasa ya huduma ya afya inaupungufu wa vifaa vya kutibu idadi ya watu walioathiriwa nayo. <ref name=":0" /> Malengo ya wa pesa za kigeni na mafunzo hadi sasa umekuwa kwenye [[Ukimwi|VVU/UKIMWI]], [[malaria]] na [[kifua kikuu]], ambayo ina maana kwamba vipimo rahisi vya kimatibabu kama vile kupima shinikizo la damu mara nyingi hauzingatiwi sana. <ref name=":0" /> Kyobutungi aliwasaidia wafanyakazi wa afya kutembelea jamii za wenyeji wakiwa na vizuizi vya shinikizo la damu ili kufuatilia [[Shinikizo la juu la damu|shinikizo la damu]] . <ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/09/14/347982804/esther-okaya-is-introduced-to-the-blood-pressure-cuff|title=Africans Are Introduced To The Blood Pressure Cuff|work=NPR.org|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-02|author=Gregory Warner|date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Alibainisha kwamba ili kuweka nguvu kwenye ushiriki wa mgonjwa na daktari ilibidi ajumuishe motisha ya kiuchumi, akitoa vipindi 100 kwa kila mgonjwa aliyepimwa anayetembelea kliniki. <ref name=":4" /> Pamoja na kuanzisha programu ya utafiti inayochunguza usimamizi wa magonjwa sugu na njia za kuimarisha mifumo ya huduma ya afya, Kyobutungi anabainisha jukumu la teknolojia ya kidijitali kwenye kuwaunganisha wagonjwa na mifumo yao ya huduma ya afya. <ref name=":0" /> Amesoma ushawishi wa Mkataba wa Mfumo wa WHO kuhusu Udhibiti wa Tumbaku kuhusu sheria za tumbaku kwenye [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Wisdom |first=Jennifer P. |last2=Juma |first2=Pamela |last3=Mwagomba |first3=Beatrice |last4=Ndinda |first4=Catherine |last5=Mapa-Tassou |first5=Clarisse |last6=Assah |first6=Felix |last7=Nkhata |first7=Misheck |last8=Mohamed |first8=Shukri F. |last9=Oladimeji |first9=Oladepo |last10=Oladunni |first10=Opeyemi |last11=Oluwasanu |first11=Mojisola |date=2018-08-15 |title=Influence of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control on tobacco legislation and policies in sub-Saharan Africa |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=954 |doi=10.1186/s12889-018-5827-5 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=6117626 |pmid=30168395 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kyobutungi anatoa huduma kwenye baraza la [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.usiu.ac.ke/175/dr-catherine-kyobutungi-university-council-member/|title=Dr. Catherine Kyobutungi - University Council Member|author=Website|first=USIU-Africa|work=USIU-Africa Website|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-02}}</ref> Pamoja na hayo anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa Muungano wa Mafunzo ya Utafiti wa Kina barani Afrika (CARTA), shirika lenye lengo la kujenga upya na kuimarisha uwezo wa vyuo vikuu vya Afrika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://cartafrica.org/secretariat/|title=Secretariat|work=Consortium for Advanced Research & Training in Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2021-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016050518/https://cartafrica.org/secretariat/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://cartafrica.org/carta-hosts-dfid-deputy-director-research-evidence-division/|title=CARTA hosts DFID Deputy Director Research and Evidence Division » Consortium for Advanced Research & Training in Africadate=2017-11-10|work=Consortium for Advanced Research & Training in Africa|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002205827/http://cartafrica.org/carta-hosts-dfid-deputy-director-research-evidence-division/|archivedate=2019-10-02|accessdate=}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kwenye Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika mwaka wa 2018. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aasciences.ac.ke/fellow/kyobutungi-catherine|title=Kyobutungi Catherine|work=aasciences.ac.ke|accessdate=2019-10-02|archivedate=2019-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606090140/https://aasciences.ac.ke/fellow/kyobutungi-catherine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190606090140/https://aasciences.ac.ke/fellow/kyobutungi-catherine "Kyobutungi Catherine"]. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://news.yale.edu/2018/03/20/yale-african-academy-sciences-host-symposium-university-research|title=Yale, African Academy of Sciences host symposium on university research|date=2018-03-20|work=YaleNews|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-02}}</ref> Tangu mwaka wa 2019, Kyobutungi amekuwa mwanachama wa Tume ya ''Lancet'' –SIGHT juu ya Jamii za Amani Kupitia Afya na Usawa wa Kijinsia, inayosimamiwa na Tarja Halonen. Kyotobungi ni Mhariri Mkuu mwanzilishi wa ''PLOS Global Public Health'', jarida la ufikiaji huria lenye shughuli na ukosefu wa usawa uliojikita sana na kufanya utafiti wenye athari uonekane na upatikanaji wa wataalamu wa afya, watunga sera, na jamii za wenyeji bila vikwazo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PLOS Global Public Health|url=https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/s/journal-information|accessdate=2025-09-12|work=journals.plos.org}}</ref> Anaendelea kuhudumu kwenye nafasi hiyo. == Shughuli nyingine == * Ushirikiano wa Afya ya Mama, Mtoto Mchanga na Mtoto (PMNCH), Mwanachama wa Bodi == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Uganda]] fm11zengcy86mo0d4712fxwnrda3i9y Janice Limson 0 227640 1509565 1504411 2026-04-25T03:14:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Janice Limson''' ni Profesa wa [[Biotekinolojia|Bioteknolojia]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]], Mwenyekiti wa awali wa Shule ya Bioteknolojia kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes]] na Mwenyekiti wa SARChI kwenye Ubunifu na Ushiriki wa Bioteknolojia kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes. Amefanyika kuwa mwanzilishi na mhariri mkuu wa jarida la ''Science in Africa'', jarida la kwanza maarufu la sayansi mtandaoni kwa bara la [[Afrika]]. Utafiti wake unajikita kwenye mada kuanzia maendeleo ya vihisi bioteknolojia [[Teknolojia ya nano|vya nanoteknolojia]] kwa lengo la kufayna uchunguzi wa [[saratani]], utoaji wa dawa, kubainisha [[Pathojeni|vimelea]] kwenye chakula hadi muundo wa teknolojia ya seli za mafuta. [[Faili:Rhodes_University_Clock_Tower_2018.jpg|thumb|Mnara wa saa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes, 2018]] Limson alikulia [[Port Elizabeth]], Afrika Kusini. Hapo aadaye alihamisha makazi [[Grahamstown]], na alipata elimu kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes]] mahali ambapo alihitimisha Shahada yake ya Sayansi ya Sanaa (Honours) mwaka wa 1994. Mwaka wa 1997 alipewa Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Kemia kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes. Alihitimisha Stashahada ya Uzamili katika Elimu ya Juu kuanzia mnmo 2006 hadi mnamo 2008. Kipindi cha mwaka 1999 Limson alipata nafasi ya kuwa mtafiti wa baada ya udaktari kwenye Kituo cha Sayansi ya Afya cha Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko San Antonio . Mwaka wa mbele alianzisha jarida la mtandaoni ''la Sayansi barani Afrika'' na kuwa mhariri mkuu wake. Jarida hilo lina lengo la kutumika "kama jukwaa la wanasayansi kwenye nyanja mbalimbali barani Afrika kuripoti utafiti wao, kutoa maoni yao ya kitaalamu juu ya masuala ya sayansi na kutoa taarifa sahihi kwa umma wa Kiafrika unaotafuta uelewa wa kina wa sayansi na jukumu lake kwenye maisha ya kila mtu." Mwaka wa 2003 Limson alianzisha Kikundi cha Utafiti cha BioSENS (Vihisi, Nishati na Nanomaterials ) huko maeneo ya Rhodes kwa lengo la maendeleo ya vihisi bioteknolojia vya nanoteknolojia kwa lengo la utambuzi wa saratani na utoaji wa dawa. Kuanzishwa mwaka wa 2007 kwa Kituo cha Ubunifu cha Nanoteknolojia kinachofadhiliwa na DST /Mintek katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Western Cape]], [[Chuo Kikuu cha Johannesburg]] na Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes kuliipa msaada sana utafiti huu. Kuanzia mwaka 2003 hadi mwaka 2009 Limson alikuwa mhadhiri kwenye chuo kikuu cha Rhodes, na mwaka wa 2010 alichaguliwa kuwa Profesa Mshiriki kwenye Rhodes. Pia alipokea Tuzo ya Utafiti Iliyotukuka ya Makamu wa Chansela mwaka huo kwa "kiasi na athari ya matokeo yake ya utafiti". Mwaka wa 2011 akawa Mwenyekiti wa Shule ya Bioteknolojia ya Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes. Mwaka wa 2014 alitunukiwaa tuzo ya Profesa wa Bioteknolojia na alichaguliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Ubunifu cha Bioteknolojia cha Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes. Kwanzia wakati huo Kituo kimezindua bidhaa zake za kwanza, vichocheo vya vitambuzi, na kinafanya kazi kwenye vitambuzi vya CD4 na [[malaria]] kwa ushirikiano na [[UNICEF]] na Baraza la Utafiti wa Matibabu la Afrika Kusini . Kwenye mwaka wa 2015 alichaguliwa kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Mpango wa Viti vya Utafiti wa DSI/NRF Kusini mwa Afrika (SARChI) kwenye Ubunifu na Ushiriki wa Bioteknolojia huko Rhodes. Mwaka wa Machi 2019 alitoa mchango kwenye mfululizo wa mihadhara ya umma juu ya "Ukweli na Uaminifu kwenye Sayansi" iliyoratibiwa na ASSAf na Ubalozi Mkuu wa Uingereza nchi ya Afrika Kusini. Mjadala aliohusika nao ulikuwa na kichwa cha habari: "Kutokuelewana na Matumizi Mabaya: Uandishi wa Habari za Sayansi". Limson ni mhariri wa jarida la Programu ya Ushirikishwaji wa Umma ya Shirika la Sayansi na Teknolojia Kusini mwa Afrika (SAASTA), lenye jina la ''Ushirikishwaji wa Umma wa Nanotech'', na ni mshiriki wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika. == Tuzo na utambuzi == Limson amepokea tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na: * Tuzo za Wanawake katika Sayansi katika Sayansi ya Maisha za Idara ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya 2011. Mshindi wa Pili wa Kwanza * Nishani ya Utafiti Bora ya Makamu wa Chansela wa 2010, Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes * M<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;G 2010 Vijana Bora wa Afrika Kusini Kuchukua Chakula cha Mchana! * M&G 2009 Vijana Bora wa Afrika Kusini Kuchukua Chakula cha Mchana! * Tuzo za NSTF za 2002 kwa Mchango Bora kwa Sayansi, Uhandisi na Teknolojia, Afrika Kusini * Tuzo ya Uandishi wa Habari ya Highway Africa ya 2001 "Matumizi bunifu ya Vyombo vya Habari Vipya Barani Afrika". == Machapisho yaliyochaguliwa == === Majarida === * {{Rejea jarida |last=Fogel |first=Ronen |last2=Limson |first2=Janice |date=2 February 2016 |title=Developing Biosensors in Developing Countries: South Africa as a Case Study |journal=Biosensors |publisher=MDPI AG |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=5 |doi=10.3390/bios6010005 |issn=2079-6374 |pmc=4810397 |pmid=26848700 |doi-access=free}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Limson |first=Janice |date=15 December 2018 |title=Putting responsible research and innovation into practice: a case study for biotechnology research, exploring impacts and RRI learning outcomes of public engagement for science students |journal=Synthese |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=198 |pages=4685–4710 |doi=10.1007/s11229-018-02063-y |issn=0039-7857 |s2cid=255067039}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Fogel |first=R. |last2=Limson |first2=J.L. |year=2011 |title=Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes—Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part I—QCM-D mass and rheological measurements |journal=Enzyme and Microbial Technology |publisher=Elsevier BV |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=146–152 |doi=10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.011 |issn=0141-0229 |pmid=22112401}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Ho |first=Lance St. John |last2=Limson |first2=Janice L. |last3=Fogel |first3=Ronen |date=26 March 2019 |title=Certain Methods of Electrode Pretreatment Create Misleading Responses in Impedimetric Aptamer Biosensors |journal=ACS Omega |publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=5839–5847 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.9b00075 |issn=2470-1343 |doi-access=free}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Kruid |first=Jan |last2=Fogel |first2=Ronen |last3=Limson |first3=Janice |date=18 September 2018 |title=Unsubstituted metallophthalocyanine catalysts for the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using H2O2 as oxidant |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=25 |issue=32 |pages=32346–32357 |bibcode=2018ESPR...2532346K |doi=10.1007/s11356-018-3215-4 |issn=0944-1344 |pmid=30229492 |s2cid=52297638}} === Vitabu === * {{Rejea kitabu|url=http://www.africanminds.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Science-Communication-in-South-Africa-WEB.pdf|title=SCIENCE COMMUNICATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: Reflections on Current Issues|last=Limson|first=Janice|date=2019|publisher=African Minds|isbn=978-1-928502-04-3|editor-last=Weingart|editor-first=Peter|location=Somerset West|pages=19–44|chapter=Engaging the public in scientific research: Models, prospects and challenges from the perspective of scientists|editor-last2=Joubert|editor-first2=Marina|editor-last3=Falade|editor-first3=Bankole}} == Marejeo == </references> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.scienceinafrica.com/ ''Science in Africa'' website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scienceinafrica.com/ |date=20200623185852 }} Archived 23 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] jd8grq472nbhz97pbl0z4yz4udhsrrt Hafsat Abdulwaheed 0 227757 1509542 1504497 2026-04-24T23:27:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hafsat Abdulwaheed Ahmad''' (amezaliwa tarehe 5 Mei 1952) ni [[mwandishi]], [[mshairi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wanawake kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Anajulikana kama mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Kaskazini mwa Nigeria kuandika riwaya ya Kihauza iliyochapishwa. Anatoka eneo la Kofar Mata katika jiji la [[Kano (city)|Kano]], jimbo la Kano, Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.katsinatimes.com/news-analysis/details/3181/salute-to-a-woman-of-substance-hajiya-dr-hafsatu-abdulwaheed-dlitt-honoris-causa|title=Salute to a Woman of Substance: Hajiya (Dr) Hafsatu AbdulWaheed Abdulwaheed|work=Katsina Times|date=14 April 2024|accessdate=2026-04-11|archive-date=2025-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221151037/https://www.katsinatimes.com/news-analysis/details/3181/salute-to-a-woman-of-substance-hajiya-dr-hafsatu-abdulwaheed-dlitt-honoris-causa|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Hafsat Abdulwaheed alizaliwa tarehe 5 Mei 1952 katika jiji la Kano. Alisoma elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Shahuci na baadaye elimu ya sekondari katika Shule ya Wasichana ya Mkoa (ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Shekara Girls Secondary School), zote zikiwa katika jimbo la Kano. Alianza kuandika tangu akiwa shule ya msingi. Aliolewa na Muhammed Ahmed Abdulwaheed tarehe 25 Januari 1966.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adamu|first1=Yusuf|title=Interview with Hafsat Abdulwaheed|date=25 October 2008|url=http://www.africanwriter.com/interview-with-hafsatu-ahmed-abdulwahid/|publisher=African Writer}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1970, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Kaskazini mwa Nigeria kuchapisha riwaya ya Kihauza.<ref name="cg">{{cite web|last1=Giaimo|first1=Cara|title=How Nigerian Romance Novelists Sneak Feminism Into Their Plots|date=29 January 2016 |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/how-nigerian-romance-novelists-sneak-feminism-into-their-plots|publisher=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> Ameandika zaidi ya vitabu 30, ingawa ni vitano tu vilivyochapishwa.<ref name="mata">{{cite news|last1=Muhammad|first1=Muhammad Kabir|title=Mata 100: Yadda Hafsat Abdulwaheed ta kalubalanci gwamna|url=http://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-38160059|date=30 November 2016}}</ref> == Kazi ya uandishi == Hafsat alianza kuandika hadithi za jadi akiwa shule ya msingi na alipata tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwemo kutoka [[British Council]]. Mwaka 1970 aliwasilisha hadithi yake ''So Aljannar Duniya'' (ikimaanisha "Upendo ni Pepo Duniani") katika mashindano yaliyoandaliwa na [[Northern Nigerian Publishing Company Limited|Kampuni ya Uchapishaji ya Nigeria ya Kaskazini (NNPC)]]. Hadithi hiyo ilishika nafasi ya pili.<ref name="mata"/> Riwaya hii inachukuliwa kuwa chimbuko la mtindo wa riwaya za mapenzi za Kihauza unaojulikana kama ''Littattafan Soyayya'' au "vitabu vya mapenzi".<ref name="cg"/> Miongoni mwa vitabu vyake vilivyochapishwa ni: * ''So Aljannar Duniya'' * ''Yardubu Mai Tambotsai'' * ''Nasiha ga Ma'aura'' * ''Namijin Maza Tauraron Annabawa'' * ''Ancient Dance'' == Siasa == Hafsat Abdulwaheed amekuwa mwanachama wa kundi la kutetea haki za wanawake nchini Nigeria liitwalo Baobab. Baada ya kurejea kwa utawala wa kidemokrasia mwaka 1999, alijaribu kugombea nafasi ya ugavana katika jimbo la [[Zamfara State|Zamfara]], lakini juhudi zake hazikufanikiwa kutokana na upinzani wa kijamii na kisiasa.<ref name="mata"/> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] lndb5t65wrqmuijsskwas2cc9njtquv Felicia Adeyoyin 0 227768 1509506 1504522 2026-04-24T20:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Felicia Adebola Adeyoyin''' (6 Novemba 1938 – 1 Mei 2021) alikuwa profesa katika University of Lagos na pia alikuwa binti wa kifalme kutoka ukoo wa watawala wa Iji wa Saki, [[Oyo State]]. Alijulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa [[Arise, O Compatriots#National Pledge|Kiapo cha Taifa cha Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-10-01|title=Nigeria @ 59: Interesting facts about Nigeria's National anthem, Pledge|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nigeria-59-interesting-facts-about-nigerias-national-anthem-pledge/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-05-06|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Felicia Awujoola alizaliwa tarehe 6 Novemba 1938 katika [[Ogbomosho|Ogbomoso]], [[Oyo State]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Lawoyin|first=Oyeronke Alake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtNp2lUM8KUC&q=Felicia+Adeyoyin&pg=PA127|title=IDI-ABA|date=2007|publisher=Xulon Press|isbn=978-1-60477-072-8|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eq8ZAAAAYAAJ&q=felicia+adeyoyin|title=Who's who in Nigeria|date=1990|publisher=Newswatch|isbn=978-978-2704-12-2|language=en}}</ref> Alisoma katika Idi-Aba, shule ya Kikristo ya Kibaptisti, kuanzia mwaka 1953 na kuhitimu mwaka 1957 katika programu ya ualimu.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 1965 aliolewa na Solomon Adedeji Adeyoyin, ambaye pia alisoma katika shule dada ya Idi-Aba, Baptist Boys' High School.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> == Elimu == Alipata shahada ya kwanza (BA) kwa heshima katika Jiografia kutoka Birkbeck, University of London mwaka 1968, na baadaye stashahada ya elimu (Diploma of Education) katika chuo hicho mwaka 1976,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbk.ac.uk/about-us/notable-birkbeckians |title=Notable Birkbeckians: Graduates In Academia |date=2021 |website=bbk.ac.uk |publisher=[[Birkbeck, University of London]] |access-date=2021-05-10}}</ref> akifuatiwa na shahada ya uzamili (MA) katika Somo la Jamii kutoka [[Columbia University]] mjini New York mwaka 1977. Hatimaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) mwaka 1981 kutoka University of Lagos.<ref name="Gist">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-05|title=Author Of Nigeria's National Pledge, Felicia Adedoyin, Is Dead|url=https://niyitabiti.net/2021/05/author-of-nigerias-national-pledge-felicia-adedoyin-is-dead/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=Gistmaster|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505201620/https://niyitabiti.net/2021/05/author-of-nigerias-national-pledge-felicia-adedoyin-is-dead/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adeyoyin|first=Felicia|date=1977|title=The Dynamics of Teaching Social Studies at the Grade Two Teachers' College Level in Lagos State|url=http://196.45.48.59:8080/bitstream/handle/123456789/2988/THE%20DYNAMICS%20OF%20TEACHING%20SOCIAL%20STUDIES%20AT%20THE%20GRADE%20TWO%20TEACHERS%27%20COLLEGE%20LEVEL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Adeyoyin alikuwa Profesa wa Elimu katika University of Lagos na pia mshauri wa [[United Nations]].<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 1976, aliandika kiapo kilichochapishwa katika toleo la tarehe 15 Julai la gazeti la ''[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]'' kupitia makala yenye kichwa "Loyalty to the Nation, Pledge". Mkuu wa nchi wa wakati huo, [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], alikifanyia marekebisho kiapo hicho na kukitangaza rasmi kama Kiapo cha Taifa, akiamuru wanafunzi wa shule kukisoma wakati wa mikusanyiko ya asubuhi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Author of Nigeria's National Pledge, Felicia Adebola Adedoyin, is Dead|url=https://www.nationalmirroronline.net/author-of-nigeria-s-national-pledge-felicia-adebola-adedoyin-is-dead-7319.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510184227/https://www.nationalmirroronline.net/author-of-nigeria-s-national-pledge-felicia-adebola-adedoyin-is-dead-7319.html|archive-date=May 10, 2021|access-date=2021-05-10|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joshua|first=Temi|date=2021-05-05|title=Author of Nigeria's National Pledge, Prof. Felicia Adedoyin, dies at 83|url=https://thedailypage.ng/author-of-nigerias-national-pledge-prof-felicia-adedoyin-dies-at-83/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=The Daily Page|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mbamalu |first1=Socrates |title=Prof. Felicia Adeyoyin, Author of Nigeria's National Pledge, Dies at 83 |url=https://fij.ng/article/prof-felicia-adeyoyin-author-of-nigerias-national-pledge-dies-at-83/ |publisher=Foundation For Investigative Journalism |date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Aidha, Adeyoyin alikuwa shemasi wa Yaba Baptist Church huko aba, Lagosi.<ref name=":0" /> == Kifo == Adeyoyin alifariki tarehe 1 Mei 2021 baada ya kuugua kwa muda mfupi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akinselure |first=Wale |date=2021-05-09 |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/saki-indigenes-ask-fg-oyo-govt-to-immortalise-late-national-pledge-composer/ |title=Saki Indigenes Ask FG, Oyo Govt To Immortalise Late National Pledge Composer |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref> == Tuzo == Mwaka 2005, Adeyoyin alitunukiwa tuzo ya kitaifa ya Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON).<ref name="Gist"/> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1938|2021}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] bfs5hh8hjizj1a3o1xdsuk5fgdi74nq Ifi Amadiume 0 227770 1509549 1504543 2026-04-25T01:48:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifi Amadiume''' (alizaliwa 23 Aprili 1947) ni mshairi, mwanaanthropolojia na mwandishi wa insha kutoka Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DINFA {{!}} Poetry {{!}} Amadiume, Ifi (Dr) |url=https://dinfa.studiesonafrica.com/directory/poetry/amadiume-ifi |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=dinfa.studiesonafrica.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 46, alijiunga na Idara ya Dini ya Dartmouth College nchini Marekani mwaka 1993. Kazi yake imejumuisha machapisho na michango katika takribani vitabu 13. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa Kaduna katika familia ya [[Waigbo]], na alipata elimu yake ya awali nchini Nigeria kabla ya kuhamia Uingereza mwaka 1971. Alisoma katika School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, ambapo alipata shahada ya BA mwaka 1978 na PhD mwaka 1983 katika anthropolojia ya kijamii.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-10-30 |title=Ifi Amadiume |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~religion/faculty/amadiume-bio.html |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2007-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030034040/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~religion/faculty/amadiume-bio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pia alipata mafunzo ya lugha ya Hausa akiwa SOAS. Alifanya utafiti katika University of Nigeria, Enugu, na kufundisha nchini Uingereza, Kanada, Marekani na Senegal.<ref name="Busby3">[[Margaret Busby]] (ed.), ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', Cape, 1992, pp. 632–637.</ref> == Kazi == Amadiume anajulikana kwa kazi zake za anthropolojia kuhusu jamii za Kiafrika, hasa Waigbo. Utafiti wake wa uwandani ulizalisha vitabu viwili muhimu: * ''African Matriarchal Foundations'' (1987) * ''Male Daughters, Female Husbands'' (1987) Kitabu cha ''Male Daughters, Female Husbands'' kinachukuliwa kuwa kazi ya msingi katika mijadala ya jinsia, na kilichangia kufikiria upya dhana za jinsia katika jamii za Kiafrika kabla ya ushawishi wa ukoloni.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoppe |first=Kirk Arden |date=2016-07-02 |title=Ifi Amadiume. Male Daughters, Female Husbands |journal=International Feminist Journal of Politics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=498–500 |doi=10.1080/14616742.2016.1191276}}</ref> Baadaye alichapisha ''Reinventing Africa'' (1998), pamoja na vitabu vingine vya nadharia ya kijamii na kitamaduni. == Ushairi == Amadiume alishiriki katika Festac '77 na alichapisha mashairi yake katika mkusanyiko ''Passion Waves'' (1985), ulioteuliwa kwa tuzo ya Commonwealth Poetry Prize.<ref name="Busby3" /> Pia alishinda tuzo ya Flora Nwapa kwa kitabu chake ''Circles of Love'' (2006). == Machapisho == === Ushairi === * ''Passion Waves'' (1985) * ''Ecstasy'' (1995) * ''Circles of Love'' (2006) * ''Voices Draped in Black'' (2008) === Anthropolojia === * ''African Matriarchal Foundations'' (1987) * ''Male Daughters, Female Husbands'' (1987) * ''Reinventing Africa'' (1997) * ''Daughters of the Goddess, Daughters of Imperialism'' (2000) * ''African Possibilities'' (2024) == Mawazo ya msingi == Kazi zake zimechangia sana katika nadharia za ufeministi na mjadala wa jinsia, hasa kwa kupinga dhana za Magharibi kuhusu mgawanyo mkali wa jinsia. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wakosoaji wamehoji baadhi ya mawazo yake kuhusu uhusiano kati ya jinsia na amani.<ref>C. T. Gibb, "Deconstructing African History", ''The Journal of African History'', 1999.</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] onm8hb7wszzww4phvvrr3qkds682d1s Daniel Kwelagobe 0 227815 1509477 1504713 2026-04-24T15:25:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Keatametse Kwelagobe''' (amezaliwa 1 Septemba 1943) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani kutoka Botswana. Aliwahi kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) na pia Katibu Mkuu aliyedumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi wa chama hicho, akishika wadhifa huo kuanzia mwaka 1980 hadi 2007. Yeye ndiye waziri pekee aliyehudumu chini ya marais wanne wa kwanza wa Botswana. Kwelagobe anashikilia rekodi ya kuwa Mbunge mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuchaguliwa nchini [[Botswana]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria {{!}} Browse by Country {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/news|work=www.africa-confidential.com|accessdate=2026-04-11|language=en}}</ref> baada ya kuchaguliwa mwaka 1969 akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 kuwakilisha jimbo la Molepolole. Pia ni miongoni mwa wabunge waliodumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi, akiwa na miaka 45 ya utumishi katika Bunge la Taifa la Botswana. == Nafasi alizowahi kushika == * Waziri wa Masuala ya [[Rais]] mara mbili * Waziri wa Biashara na Viwanda * Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma, Habari na Utangazaji * Waziri wa Usafiri, Mawasiliano, Kilimo na Makazi * Waziri wa Kazi na Mambo ya Ndani (2000–2002) * Waziri wa Masuala ya Rais na Utawala wa Umma hadi alipofutwa kazi mwaka 2009 na Rais Ian Khama<ref>{{Cite web|title=AfricaNews - Botswana: Cabinet minister dropped - The AfricaNews articles of pascalraditsebe|url=http://www.africanews.com/site/Botswana_Cabinet_minister_dropped/list_messages/24169|work=www.africanews.com|accessdate=2026-04-11|language=nl|archive-date=2012-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329060908/http://www.africanews.com/site/Botswana_Cabinet_minister_dropped/list_messages/24169|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabla ya kuingia siasa, alisoma Gaborone Secondary School na kuanzia mwaka 1968 alifanya kazi ya redio na uandishi wa [[habari]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Botswana]] dvlg2dzimexzm4m4f9yb3v8fijo2ica Daniel Kwele 0 227816 1509478 1504714 2026-04-24T15:26:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Kwele''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Botswana]] na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa chama cha Botswana National Front, akiwa pamoja na Kenneth Koma. Baadaye, Kwele alihudumu kama Mbunge na pia Waziri wa Baraza la Mawaziri, na baadaye alijiunga na Chama cha Botswana Chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Are Opposition parties vying for Unity Dow’s signature? {{!}} Sunday Standard|url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/are-opposition-parties-vying-for-unity-dows-signature/|date=2023-06-06|accessdate=2026-04-11|language=en-GB|author=Kwapeng Modikwe}}</ref> Alifariki dunia mwaka 1991<ref>{{Cite web|title=BNF pays tribute to Kwele|url=https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bnf-pays-tribute-to-kwele/news|work=Mmegi Online|date=2016-04-19|accessdate=2026-04-11|language=en|author=Koketso Kgoboge}}</ref> na akazikwa mjini Francistown, ambapo katika maadhimisho ya miaka 50 ya kuanzishwa kwa chama chake kulifanyika sherehe maalum ya kumbukumbu.<ref>{{Citation|last=WRITER|first=STAFF|title=BNF celebrates Daniel Kwele - The Patriot on Sunday|url=http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/2347-bnf-celebrates-daniel-kwele.html|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-04-11|archive-date=2016-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421135447/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/2347-bnf-celebrates-daniel-kwele.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 20]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] ep5edga47rihwjmzfllz5ngspbifb9h Funke Abimbola 0 227834 1509516 1504730 2026-04-24T21:20:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Funke Abimbola''' MBE ni mfanyabiashara na mwanasheria kutoka Nigeria. Anatetea utofauti kama vile utofauti wa rangi, jinsia, umri na kadhalika kwenye jamii ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], hasa akijikita kwenye taaluma ya sheria. Abimbola alipata elimu yake ya chuoni kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Newcastle kwenye msawala ya sheria. Abimbola ni mzazi wa kijana wa miaka 19 ambaye kwa sasa mwana wake yupo anasomea chuoni huko Chuo Kikuu cha Newcastle akisomea [[Uundaji bidhaa pepe za tarakilishi|Uhandisi wa Programu.]] == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Abimbola ametokea kwenye wenye ndugu wa madaktari . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.106comms.com/law/106-seconds-funke-abimbola/|title=106 seconds with… Funke Abimbola, Managing Counsel for Roche UK, diversity champion, speaker and proud mother|work=6th Sense|accessdate=29 June 2016|archive-date=2016-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815184318/http://www.106comms.com/law/106-seconds-funke-abimbola/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alipata elimu Burgess Hill Girls . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://burgesshillgirls.com/news/catching-old-girl-funke-abimbola-mbe-nee-akindolie|title=Catching Up With 'Old Girl' Funke Abimbola|work=Burgess Hill Girls|accessdate=3 October 2017|archivedate=3 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003225200/http://burgesshillgirls.com/news/catching-old-girl-funke-abimbola-mbe-nee-akindolie}}</ref> Hakusoma udaktari kwa sababu ya wasiwasi wake wa "maumivu na damu" ( algophobia na hemophobia ). Alipata elimu yake ya shahada yake ya sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Newcastle kisha kurejea Nigeria kufanya mtihani wa Mwanasheria wa Nigeria. Abimbola alipata mtoto alivyofikisha miaka 28 akiwa kazini na na Campbell Hooper. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2014-07-04|title=Careers counsel for aspiring lawyers: Roche's Funke Abimbola|url=https://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/blogs/careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roches-funke-abimbola/|accessdate=2022-05-30|work=Legal Business|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka wa 2000, alikua rasmi kama wakili . <ref name="first">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://first100years.org.uk/funke-abimbola/|title=Funke Abimbola|work=First100years|accessdate=29 June 2016}}</ref> Baba yake alifariki dunia kwenye mnamo wa 2012 baada ya kupatwa na ugonjwa wa [[saratani]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.wearethecity.com/inspirational-women-funke-abimbola-solicitor-one-worlds-largest-biotech-companies/|title=Inspirational Woman: Funke Abimbola. Solicitor for one of the world's largest biotech companies|work=We are the City|accessdate=29 June 2016}}</ref> <ref >{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola|title=Careers counsel for aspiring lawyers: Roche's Funke Abimbola|author=Ruxandra Iordache|work=Legal Business|accessdate=29 June 2016|archive-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818141013/http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Abimbola akawa na nafasi ya juu sana kama wakili mweusi mwandamizi zaidi kwa shughuli za [[Dawa ya famasia|dawa]] za Roche nchini [[Uingereza]], Ireland, [[Gibraltar]] na [[Malta]] . Alirejea Nigeria kwa lengo la maandalizi ya mtihani wa Mwanasheria wa Nigeria. Akiwemo humo, alishirikiana kufanya kazi pamoja na FO Akinrele & Co. <ref name="Iordache">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola|title=Careers counsel for aspiring lawyers: Roche's Funke Abimbola|author=Ruxandra Iordache|work=Legal Business|accessdate=29 June 2016|archive-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818141013/http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRuxandra_Iordache">Ruxandra Iordache. [http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola "Careers counsel for aspiring lawyers: Roche's Funke Abimbola"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2580-careers-counsel-for-aspiring-lawyers-roche-s-funke-abimbola |date=20160818141013 }}. ''Legal Business''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Baada ya kurejesha makazi yake nchini Uingereza kutoka Nigeria kwenye miaka ya 1990, alifanya kazi na Wembley Plc na kwa kipindi hicho alihitimu kama wakili wa kampuni/biashara. Kisha hapo mbeleni alihamia Campbell Hooper ambapo alifanya kazi kama wakili. <ref name="Iordache"/> Mwaka 2012, alijiunga na taasisi ya Roche UK huku akifanya kazi kwa nafasi ya Wakili Mkuu (Uingereza na Ireland). <ref> Pamoja na hayo alishikilia nafasi ya Afisa wa Ulinzi wa Data wa Uingereza. <ref name="Ajumobi" /> Kipindi cha mnamo Desemba 2015, akawa mshauri mkuu na katibu wa kampuni wa shirika hilo na akapanda cheo hadi cheo na kufikia kuwa mshauri mkuu na kiongozi mkuu wa uzingatiaji wa fedha mwaka wa Januari 2017. <ref name="Ajumobi" /> Alipambana na kero za kupata kazi ya kiwango vya kwanza nchi ya Uingereza. alielezea kwenye First 100 Years, "Niliona ni vigumu sana kupata nafasi ya kiwango cha kwanza nilipomaliza mtihani wa uhamisho wa QLTT (kwa sasa inafahamika kama QLTS) na nilihitaji kupata uzoefu kabla ya kufuzu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Connectnigeria Articles|url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/women-you-should-know-funke-abimbola/|accessdate=2025-02-08|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ili kupata nafasi, niliandika orodha ya makampuni 100 bora ya sheria yaliyobobea kwenye sheria za makampuni na nikafanya vivyo hivyo na timu 50 bora za ndani. Kisha niliendelea kuwaita wakuu wa idara katika mashirika yote 150 kwa ubaridi. Hii ilisababisha mahojiano kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na moja na PLC kubwa, iliyoorodheshwa kikamilifu. Kwney mazungumzo hayo, mkuu wa sheria (ambaye ni Mwingereza japo mwenzake ana asili ya Asia) aliuliza swali kama nilifikiri rangi yangu imekuwa sababu ya kutopata mahojiano na mashirika mengine. Hiyo ilikuwa, kwa kweli, mara ya kwanza hata kuchanganua mawazo kama rangi kama kitu chenye kuweza kuzuia maendeleo yangu. Mambo yakaja kubadilika,nilipewa nafasi na mimi na niliweza kuhitimu kama wakili ndani." == Tuzo na utambuzi == {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" |Mwaka ! scope="col" | Darasa ! scope="col" | Kategoria ! scope="col" | Shirika la kutoa tuzo |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mshindi | Tuzo la Mfano Chanya wa Kuigwa (Jinsia) | Tuzo za Kitaifa za Utofauti 2015 |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mshindi | Tuzo ya Mwanamke Bora wa Mwaka katika Kazi | Wanawake4Afrika |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mshindi | Mwanamke Bora katika Huduma za Kitaalamu | Tuzo la Thamani |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mshindi | Mwanachama wa Mwaka Mwenye Kuvutia | Tuzo za Mtandao Jumuishi |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Cheti cha Sifa | Tuzo za Raia wa Uingereza 2015 | |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Mshindi | Diva Bora wa Mwaka | Divas wa Rangi |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Mshindi | Mpenzi wa Kimataifa wa Mwaka | Divas wa Rangi |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Mshindi | Mzungumzaji Bora wa Umma | Tuzo za CA kutoka kwa Jarida la C. Hub |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Mshindi | Siyo hadithi bora zaidi | Tuzo za CA kutoka kwa Jarida la C. Hub |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Utambuzi | Tuzo ya utambuzi kwa mafanikio na michango bora | Wanawake4Afrika |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Sehemu ya Mwanga | Tuzo ya Wajitolea | Waziri Mkuu wa Uingereza 2016 |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | MBE (Mwanachama wa Agizo la Milki ya Uingereza) | Kwa huduma kwa utofauti katika taaluma ya sheria na kwa vijana | Malkia Elizabeth II |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | LLD (Daktari wa Heshima wa Sheria) | Kwa michango kwa utofauti wa kijamii na makampuni | Chuo Kikuu cha Hertfordshire |} Vyanzo: <ref name="award">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.speakers4schools.org/speakers/funke-abimbola/|title=General Counsel & Company Secretary, Roche UK|work=Speakers4Schools|accessdate=7 July 2016|archivedate=9 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709154547/https://www.speakers4schools.org/speakers/funke-abimbola/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-12-07|title=Profile: Funke Abimbola-Akindolie MBE, a multi-award winning solicitor|url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/12/07/profile-funke-abimbola-akindolie-mbe-a-multi-award-winning-solicitor/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}</ref> * Ifeoma Malo * Ade Hassan * Ade Olufeko == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{Official|https://funkeabimbola.com}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cwez039c1b5ty5ehcfko6alzf34k8hm Charry Ada Onwu 0 227870 1509436 1504816 2026-04-24T13:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charry Ada Onwu-Otuyelu''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa fasihi kutoka [[Nigeria]] anayejulikana hasa kwa kazi zake za [[fasihi]] ya watoto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf7_x8yz430C&dq=Charry+Ada+Onwu&pg=PR11|title=Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria|last=Griswold|first=Wendy|year=2000|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0691058296|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YspAQAAIAAJ&q=Charry+Ada+Onwu|title=ALA Bulletin: A Publication of the African Literature Association|date=1988-01-01|publisher=African Literature Association|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Baraza la Sanaa na Utamaduni la Jimbo la Imo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OWERRI: A City of Griots by Chuks Oluigbo|url=https://naija247news.com/2016/12/09/owerri-a-city-of-griots-by-chuks-oluigbo/|last=Akinsola|first=Babatunde|date=2016-12-09|website=Naija247news|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-27}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Anatoka katika mji wa Amaigbo uliopo Imo State.<ref name=":0" /> Ni mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni, hasa katika fasihi ya watoto.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://dinfa.studiesonafrica.com/directory/children/2|title=DINFA | Directory | Children|website=dinfa.studiesonafrica.com|access-date=2017-03-27|archive-date=2017-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329050528/http://dinfa.studiesonafrica.com/directory/children/2|url-status=dead}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au:Onwu,+Charry+Ada.&qt=hot_author|title=Results for 'au:Onwu, Charry Ada.'|website=WorldCat|access-date=2017-03-27}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa mwanajeshi, akihudumu katika kitengo cha huduma za afya cha Nigerian Armed Forces wakati wa Nigerian Civil War.<ref name=":0" /> == Wasifu == Charry Ada Onwu-Otuyelu alikuwa na shauku kubwa katika hadithi za jadi na historia, jambo lililoathiri sana mwelekeo wa utafiti na uandishi wake. Kazi zake nyingi zinahusiana na historia, jamii na masimulizi ya jadi. Aliingia katika uandishi wa fasihi bunifu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980, akiwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza nchini Nigeria kuchukua kwa uzito fasihi ya watoto. Moja ya kazi zake za awali, ''Ifeanyi and Obi'', ilishinda tuzo ya fasihi ya watoto mwaka 1988. Baadaye aliendelea kupata tuzo nyingine kutokana na mchango wake katika fasihi ya watoto. Kwa taaluma, alikuwa muuguzi aliyepata mafunzo katika Hospitali ya Mafunzo ya Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan na Hospitali ya Wazazi ya Lagos. Pia aliendesha kliniki au kituo cha uzazi katika eneo la Obinze karibu na Owerri, mji mkuu wa Jimbo la Imo. Aidha, alikuwa mkongwe wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Nigeria (Vita vya Biafra), ambako alihudumu katika huduma za afya za jeshi. Uandishi wake ndio uliompa umaarufu mkubwa, kama ilivyokuwa kwa waandishi wengine wenye taaluma ya udaktari kama Cyprian Ekwensi na Anezi Okoro. == Kazi zake == Baadhi ya kazi zake ni pamoja na: *''Good Morning Mr. Kolanut!'' (2006; kwa ushirikiano na waandishi wengine) *''Triumph of Destiny'' (2003) *''Amaigbo Kwenu: History, Legend & Myth of Amaigbo'' (1988) *''Catastrophe: A Novel'' (1982)<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Griswold|first1=Wendy|last2=Bastian|first2=Misty|date=1990|title=A Bibliographic Listing of Nigerian Novels: 1952–1990|journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature|volume=25|issue=2|pages=225|doi=10.1177/002198949002500211}}</ref> *''One Bad Turn'' (1982)<ref name=":1" /> *''Ifeanyi and Obi'' (1982) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] p7qv9ioq9mxbm8q9ct9291uytr7ghfw Hadiza Isma El-Rufai 0 227875 1509540 1504742 2026-04-24T23:26:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hadiza Isma El-Rufai''' (alizaliwa tarehe 21 Juni 1960) ni [[riwaya|mwandishi wa riwaya]] kutoka [[Nigeria]], na mke wa aliyekuwa gavana wa Jimbo la Kaduna, Nasir El-Rufai. Pia ni mwanzilishi wa taasisi isiyo ya kiserikali ya fasihi iitwayo Yasmin El-Rufai Foundation (YELF).<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-11|title=Hadiza El-Rufai joins league of Northern Nigerian women writers|url=https://m.guardian.ng/art/hadiza-el-rufai-joins-league-of-northern-nigerian-women-writers/|newspaper=The Guardian (Nigeria)}}</ref> Riwaya yake ya kwanza inaitwa ''An Abundance of Scorpions''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hadiza El-Rufai |url=https://ouidabooks.com/team/hadiza-el-rufai/ |website=Ouida Books}}</ref> == Wasifu == El-Rufai alizaliwa katika mji wa Kano kwa wazazi Mohammed Musa Isma na Amina Iya Isma.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Yasmin El-Rufai Foundation: Promoting literacy, creative writing|url=https://blueprint.ng/yasmin-el-rufai-foundation-promoting-literacy-creative-writing/|newspaper=Blueprint}} </ref> Baba yake alikuwa mtumishi wa umma. Alipata shahada ya kwanza na ya uzamili katika usanifu majengo (Architecture) mwaka 1983, pamoja na MBA mwaka 1992 kutoka Ahmadu Bello University. Pia alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uandishi bunifu mwaka 2012 kutoka Bath Spa University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://safaribooks.com.ng/home/board-member-hadiza-isma-el-rufai/|title=Board Member-HADIZA ISMA EL-RUFAI|accessdate=2026-04-12|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014094527/http://safaribooks.com.ng/home/board-member-hadiza-isma-el-rufai/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya masomo, alifanya kazi kama mhadhiri katika idara ya usanifu majengo katika Chuo cha Ufundi cha Kaduna Polytechnic, kisha akafanya kazi katika Shirika la Umeme la Taifa kabla ya kuingia katika sekta binafsi. Pia ana ujuzi wa lugha ya Kifaransa. == Maisha ya familia == Mwaka 1985 aliolewa na Nasir El-Rufai, ambaye baadaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa FCT na Gavana wa Kaduna State.<ref>{{Cite news|title=BREAKING: El-Rufai wins Kaduna governorship election|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/319456-breaking-el-rufai-wins-kaduna-governorship-election.html|newspaper=Premium Times}}</ref> == Kazi ya uandishi == Mwaka 2017 alichapisha riwaya yake ''An Abundance of Scorpions'', iliyochochewa na uzoefu wake wa kujitolea katika kituo cha watoto yatima huko Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How orphans triggered my latest novel – Hadiza El-Rufai|url=https://www.sabinews.com/orphans-triggered-latest-novel-hadiza-el-rufai-dailytrust/}} </ref> Riwaya hiyo iliwasilishwa katika tamasha la Aké Arts and Book Festival mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaduna Gov's Wife, Hadiza El-Rufai urges Nigerians to adopt orphans|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/kaduna-govs-wife-hadiza-el-rufai-urges-nigerians-adopt-orphans/}} </ref> Mwandishi Helon Habila aliielezea riwaya hiyo kama “hadithi ya kusikitisha ya hasara lakini yenye kuhamasisha kuhusu nguvu na uthabiti wa mwanamke”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Isma El-Rufai|url=http://ouidabooks.com/authors/hadiza-isma-el-rufai/|accessdate=2026-04-12|archive-date=2019-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122094841/http://ouidabooks.com/authors/hadiza-isma-el-rufai/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uhisani == Pamoja na mumewe, alianzisha Yasmin El-Rufai Foundation (YELF) mwaka 2013 kwa kumbukumbu ya binti yao aliyefariki mwaka 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|title=SERENDIPITY – Creative Writing, Yasmin and I|url=https://sueddie.wordpress.com/2013/04/27/serendipity-creative-writing-yasmin-and-i-an-essay-by-hadiza-isma-el-rufai/}} </ref> Taasisi hii inalenga kukuza ubunifu wa uandishi kwa watoto na wanawake, hasa wasichana wenye umri wa miaka 8 hadi 19, kwa kuwapatia rasilimali na mafunzo ya kuboresha usomaji na uandishi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I used to sing in the Catholic Church choir – Hadiza El-Rufai|url=http://punchng.com/i-used-to-sing-in-the-catholic-church-choir-hadiza-el-rufai/|newspaper=The Punch}}</ref> Akiwa Mke wa Gavana wa Jimbo la Kaduna, alishiriki pia katika shughuli za misaada kwa kusaidia wagonjwa, ikiwemo kuchangia dawa kwa wagonjwa wa selimundu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mrs El-Rufai donates drugs to sickle cell centre|url=http://www.peoplesdailyng.com/mrs-el-rufai-donates-drugs-to-sickle-cell-centre/|newspaper=Peoples Daily}}</ref> == Utata wa maoni ya mtandaoni == Mwaka 2020, alikumbana na ukosoaji mkubwa mtandaoni kufuatia maoni aliyotoa kwenye Twitter kuhusiana na mjadala uliomhusisha mwanawe. Kauli hiyo ilisababisha mjadala mpana na baadaye aliomba radhi, akisisitiza kwamba haungi mkono aina yoyote ya ukatili wa kijinsia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza El-Rufai Apologises, Denounces Son's Pro-Rape Tweet|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hadiza-el-rufai-apologises-denounces-sons-pro-rape-tweet-2020-04-14}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] eiz5wxof8khvu551wb2ybfwt881clxb Ibironke Akinsete 0 227932 1509547 1504917 2026-04-25T01:40:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509547 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" |- class="infobox-data" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Ibironke Akinsete</div> |- class="infobox-data category" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Kuzaliwa | class="infobox-data" | 1938 (umri&nbsp;87 &#x2013; 88) |- class="infobox-header" colspan="2" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Uraia | class="infobox-data category" | Mnigeria |- class="infobox-header" colspan="2" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Kichwa | class="infobox-data title" | Profesa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | |} '''Akinsete''' (aliyezaliwa [[1938]]) ni [[profesa]] wa Hematology na Utoaji Damu nchini Nigeria na mwanaharakati wa afya ya wanawake . <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bot Verification|url=https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/06/nhea-2017-prof-akinsete-mazi-ohuabunwa-to-receive-lifetime-achievement-award/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nigeria: HIV-Aids Prevalence Is Stabilising in Nation - Professor Akinsete|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201112271906.html}}</ref> Uchaguzi wa afya wa Hematology aliufanya kama njia yake ya kazi kwasababu ya kushawishika na damu na jinsi mwili wa binadamu ulivyoumbwa. == Biografia == Akinsete alipata elimu ya chuo ya shahada yake ya udaktari kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Aberdeen, [[Uskoti]]. Pamoja na hayo alimwagiwa sifa nyingine za msingi juu ya masomo ya Haematology kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Aberdeen . <ref >{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bot Verification|url=https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/06/nhea-2017-prof-akinsete-mazi-ohuabunwa-to-receive-lifetime-achievement-award/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/06/nhea-2017-prof-akinsete-mazi-ohuabunwa-to-receive-lifetime-achievement-award/ "Bot Verification"]. ''nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span data-ve-ignore=""> </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Kigezo:Rejea tovuti|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="">Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])</span> [[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]</ref> Akinsete alihudumu kwenye kazi ndani ya Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos, mahali alifanya kazi hadi kustaafu kama Mshauri wa Idara ya Hematology, ndani ya Chuo cha Tiba. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nigeria: HIV-Aids Prevalence Is Stabilising in Nation - Professor Akinsete|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201112271906.html}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://allafrica.com/stories/201112271906.html "Nigeria: HIV-Aids Prevalence Is Stabilising in Nation - Professor Akinsete"].</cite></ref> Alishika nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa Huduma ya Uhamisho Damu ya Jimbo la Lagos. Pamoja na hayo ni mdhamini wa Mpango wa Kuzuia UKIMWI ndani ya nchi ya Nigeria na mlezi wa maisha wa Jumuiya ya Wanawake na UKIMWI kwenye bara la Afrika, Nigeria (SWAAN), Prof. Akinsete alishka nafasi ya Mwenyekiti mwanzilishi wa Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Utekelezaji wa UKIMWI-NACA. Akinsete alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Nigeria mwaka wa 2006. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|title=Fellows of the Academy|accessdate=2025-09-02|work=The Nigerian Academy of Science|archive-date=2024-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302212838/https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2017, alitunukiwa Tuzo za Mafanikio ya Maisha katika Tuzo ya Ubora wa Huduma ya Afya ya Nigeria (NHEA) kwa utoaji wake kwa ubora na huduma bora ya afya. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bot Verification|url=https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/06/nhea-2017-prof-akinsete-mazi-ohuabunwa-to-receive-lifetime-achievement-award/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/06/nhea-2017-prof-akinsete-mazi-ohuabunwa-to-receive-lifetime-achievement-award/ "Bot Verification"]. ''nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span data-ve-ignore=""> </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Kigezo:Rejea tovuti|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="">Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])</span> [[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bot Verification|url=https://nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng/2017/06/18/pathcare-akinsete-shine-at-nhea-2017/|accessdate=2025-08-12|work=nigeriahealthcareawards.com.ng}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] a223q8owk5uyffktc8ivagyk773wdg4 Deidre Carter 0 228028 1509479 1505044 2026-04-24T15:58:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deidre Carter''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye alihudumu kama Mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Afrika Kusini kuanzia Mei 2009 hadi Mei 2019, akiwakilisha chama cha Congress of the People (COPE). Pia aliwahi kushika nafasi ya Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa chama hicho cha COPE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.za/live/content.php?Item_ID=184&MemberID=38|title=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa - Parliament of South Africa|accessdate=2026-04-13|archive-date=2017-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208014229/http://www.parliament.gov.za/live/content.php?Item_ID=184&MemberID=38|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] 37bs10znfekxghel3vcbhfypfbu0dke Grace Ebun Delano 0 228029 1509536 1505169 2026-04-24T22:50:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Ebun Delano''' (alizaliwa [[Novemba 13]], [[1935]], huko [[Kaduna]]) ni mwamamke mweye taaluma ya muuguzi na mkunga kutokea nchini [[Nigeria]] aliyeshikilia jukumu la msingi juu ya upainia wa huduma za upangaji uzazi na afya ya uzazi ndani ya nchi ya [[Nigeria]] . Alitengeneza rasmi Chama cha Afya ya Uzazi na Familia ambacho alishikilia nafasi ya mkurugenzi kwa miaka kadhaa, amefanyika kuwa mshauri wa mashirika mengi tofauti kote kwenye bara la Afrika, naametoa vitabu na kuandika vitabu pamoja na wenzake makala nyingi juu ya afya ya wanawake na mada zinazoingiliana. Mwaka wa 1993, alitunukiwa [[Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kupunguza Hatari za Maafa|Tuzo la Shirika la Afya Duniani Sasakawa]] kwa mchango wa kazi yake kwenye maendeleo ya afya. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Grace Ebun-Oluwa Samuel alizaliwa eneo lenye jina la [[Kaduna]] kwenye tarehe 13 Novemba 1935 binti wa wazazi wa kabila ya [[Wayoruba|Kiyoruba]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=October 7, 2013 |title=Grace Ebun Delano - Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College |url=https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Smith College |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117021148/https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2016}}</ref> Majina yake Ebun-Oluwa yana maana zawadi kutoka kwa Mungu kwa lugha ya [[Kiyoruba]] : alizaliwa bila mama yake mzazi kupanga na mama akiwa na miaka arobaini na minne na mtoto mmoja mwingine, mtoto wa kiume wa miaka kumi. Alikua akijua kwamba mama yake alikuwa na harakati mfululizo wa changamoto za ujauzito na vifo vya watoto. <ref name="smith" /> Mama yake, mwenye elimu ndogo sana , alimtia moyo binti yake kuhusu elimu na kupa ruksa aende zake shuleni huko jijini [[Lagos]] alipofikisha umri wa miaka kumi na tatu. <ref name="smith">{{Rejea jarida |date=October 7, 2013 |title=Grace Ebun Delano - Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College |url=https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Smith College |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117021148/https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf |archive-date=January 17, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2016}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170117021148/https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf "Grace Ebun Delano - Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Smith College. October 7, 2013. Archived from [https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf the original] {{Wayback|url=https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf |date=20170117021148 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span data-ve-ignore=""> </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Kigezo:Rejea jarida|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">&#x7C;journal=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#missing periodical|help]])</span> [[Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical]]</ref> Hata hivyo, kabla ya Grace kuhamia Lagos, alihudhuria shule yake ya kwanza ya msingi kwenye shule mchanganyiko yenye jina la United Native African School, huko Kaduna, kwenye jimbo la Kaskazini mwa Nigeria kuanzia mnamo 1940 hadi mnamo 1944. Mwaka wa 1945, alihamia shule ya wavulana tu iitwayo Government School huko eneo la Kaduna ambayo iliongozwa na mkuu wa shule mkali aitwaye Bw. Salako ambaye alilazimika kuwaandikisha wasichana wawili wa kwanza shuleni. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Northampton, MA|date=October 7–8, 2003|title=Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project|url=https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College}}</ref> Delano alishinda ufadhili wa masomo uliomruhusu kuhamia shule za juu zaidi, na kuishia na Shule ya Sarufi [[Abeokuta|ya Abeokuta]] . Kwa msaada wa mama yake na kaka yake Delano alisafiri hadi [[Uingereza]] mnamo 1956 kwa miaka mitatu ya mafunzo ya uuguzi. Baada ya hapo alisoma ukunga na kisha akafunzwa kama muuguzi wa wilaya . Hii ilikuwa wakati alipokutana na wanawake waliotaka msaada wa kupanga ujauzito wao, na alichukua fursa hiyo kwenda kwenye mihadhara katika upangaji uzazi na matumizi ya diaphragm . <ref name="smith" /> Delano alirudi Nigeria mwaka wa 1961 na mwaka uliofuata akapata kazi katika kitengo cha uzazi katika Hospitali ya Chuo Kikuu, Ibadan . Wakati huo alikuwa ameolewa na jaji wa baadaye Tunde Delano. <ref name="smith" /> == Nafasi na tuzo == * Mtendaji Mkuu na Makamu wa Rais wa Chama cha Nigeria cha Afya ya Uzazi na Familia (ARFH) <ref name="ARFH Nigeria – Working Together, Building A Healthier Future">{{Rejea tovuti|title=ARFH Nigeria|work=ARFH Nigeria – Working Together, Building A Healthier Future|url=https://arfh-ng.org/arfh-management-staff/10588/|accessdate=2023-06-01}}</ref> * Tuzo la Shirika la Afya Duniani la Sasakawa 1993 * Tuzo ya Ubora kwa michango muhimu kwa mafanikio ya Mpango wa Afya ya Uzazi Mijini wa Nigeria (NURHI). (Imefadhiliwa na Wakfu wa Bill na Melinda Gates ili kuongeza matumizi ya mbinu za kisasa za upangaji uzazi (FP) miongoni mwa maskini wa mijini katika miji sita.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://arfh-ng.org/mrs-grace-delano-arfh-vice-president-and-executive-director-honored/|title=Mrs. Grace Delano honoured, 15 March 2015|accessdate=14 May 2016|archivedate=1 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701054427/https://arfh-ng.org/mrs-grace-delano-arfh-vice-president-and-executive-director-honored/}}</ref> * Mshauri wa afya ya uzazi kwa mashirika mengi nchini Nigeria na katika nchi zingine za Afrika. <ref name="ihsd_ng – Institute For Humanitarian Studies & Social Development">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fellows and Awardees – ihsd_ng|work=ihsd_ng – Institute For Humanitarian Studies & Social Development|url=https://ihsd-ng.org/fellows-and-awardees/|accessdate=2023-06-01}}</ref> * Mratibu wa Nchi wa Shule ya Afya ya Umma ya Johns Hopkins - Programu za Mawasiliano * Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Uuguzi cha Afrika Magharibi * Mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Masomo ya Kibinadamu na Maendeleo ya Jamii <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ihsd-nigeria.org/?page_id=5|title=IHSD, Lagos|accessdate=2016-05-14|archivedate=2017-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117021020/http://www.ihsd-nigeria.org/?page_id=5}}</ref> * Katibu Mkuu wa Chama cha Kitaalamu cha Wakunga wa Nigeria <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Delano|first=Grace Ebun|date=|title=Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project|url=https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf|accessdate=|work=}}</ref> * Mshauri wa Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Uzazi wa Mpango  * Tuzo kutoka kwa Jumuiya ya Madaktari wa Uzazi na Wanajinakolojia <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Northampton, MA|date=October 7–8, 2003|title=Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project|url=https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSophia_Smith_Collection,_Smith_College_Northampton,_MA2003">Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Northampton, MA (October 7–8, 2003). [https://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/ssc/prh/transcripts/delano-trans.pdf "Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Kigezo:Rejea tovuti|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> == Machapisho == * Kukuza Ulinzi Mbili katika Kliniki za Uzazi wa Mpango Nchini Ibadan Nigeria <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2005-02-02|title=Promoting Dual Protection in Family Planning Clinics In Ibadan Nigeria|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/ipsrh/2002/06/promoting-dual-protection-family-planning-clinics-ibadan-nigeria|accessdate=2021-04-09|work=Guttmacher Institute|language=en}}</ref> * Mwongozo wa Uzazi wa Mpango <ref name=":0"/> * Majibu ya Maswali Ambayo Vijana Huuliza Kuhusu Ujinsia <ref name=":0" /> * Pandikiza uzazi wa mpango katika kituo cha afya cha msingi kinachosimamiwa na NGO huko Ibadan, Nigeria <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Research Gate|title=Grace Delano's research while affiliated with Society for Family Health and other places|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Grace-Delano-21153148|accessdate=9 April 2021|work=Research Gate}}</ref> * Kutathmini Kiwango cha Utayari wa Watoa Huduma za Afya Binafsi kwa ajili ya Usimamizi wa Kimatibabu wa Janga la VVU/UKIMWI katika Jimbo la Nassarawa, Nigeria. Jarida la Afrika la Afya ya Uzazi (AJRH) <ref name=":1" /> * Jukumu la kampeni za kuzuia VVU/UKIMWI kuhusu mabadiliko ya kitabia yanayohusiana na VVU huko Ibadan, Nigeria <ref name=":1" /> * Mbinu ya mawakala wa usambazaji wa kijamii katika utoaji wa taarifa na huduma za uzazi wa mpango katika Majimbo matano ya Nigeria: Ni maigizo au ukweli? <ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 17dji6qjpwjjrwudfu7hbhlhxcmgo3g José Campaña 0 228046 1509571 1505065 2026-04-25T05:06:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Ángel Gómez Campaña''' (amezaliwa [[31 Mei]], [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] anayechukua nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya AD Ceuta FC inayoshiriki Segunda División.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/39708-jose-campana-sevillista-desde-la-cuna|title=José Campaña, sevillista desde la cuna|trans-title=José Campaña, ''sevillista'' from the cradle|publisher=El Desmarque|first=Álvaro|last=Ramírez|language=es|date=19 June 2011|access-date=15 March 2019}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/2011/08/25/futbol/europa_league/1314306443.html|title=El Sevilla tropieza en la misma piedra|trans-title=Sevilla make same mistake|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Tomás|last=Campos|language=es|date=25 August 2011|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] chixlcnj87pas7uwk18f2y1c70migw2 Florence Orabueze 0 228073 1509510 1505185 2026-04-24T20:32:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze''' (alizaliwa 1966) ni mshairi, mwandishi na profesa wa masomo ya Kiingereza na fasihi kutoka nchini Nigeria. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Staff Profile: Onyebuchi, Florence Orabueze|url=https://staffprofile.unn.edu.ng/profile/700|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=staffprofile.unn.edu.ng}}</ref> Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa zamani wa Taasisi ya Masomo ya Kiafrika ya taasisi hiyo, mwanzilishi wa Wakfu wa Grace Uzoma Okonkwo na pia ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Barua cha Nigeria . <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Grace Uzoma Okonkwo Foundation|url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/POSTER-PROF-ORABUEZE-pdf.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Orabueze CV|url=https://english.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/sites/116/2018/03/PROF.-FLORENCE-ORABUEZE-UPDATED-CV-2.docx}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Graze Uzoma Okonkwo Poster|url=https://africa.harvard.edu/files/african-studies/files/grace_uzoma_okonkwo_poster.pdf|accessdate=20 July 2023|archivedate=2 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402072849/https://africa.harvard.edu/files/african-studies/files/grace_uzoma_okonkwo_poster.pdf}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mnamo tarehe 30 Machi mwaka wa 1966, Orabueze alizaliwa Enugu-Ezike, Eneo la Serikali ya Mtaa ya Igboeze, [[Jimbo la Enugu]] . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=PROF. FLORENCE ORABUEZE LATEST UPDATED CV on 4th March 2019 New - Orabs Ikenna.docx|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ad2_ajLd02U0UAFH8VSKFy-XVWtWyERU/view?usp=drive_open&usp=embed_facebook|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Google Docs}}</ref> Yeye ni mzaliwa wa [[Jimbo la Anambra]] na anatoka Uruagu, [[Nnewi]], katika Eneo la Serikali ya Mtaa ya Nnewi Kaskazini . Kuanzia mwaka wa 1973 hadi mwaka wa 1979, alihudhuria Shule Kuu ya Uruagu Nnewi (St. Mary's), ambapo alipata Cheti chake cha Kumaliza Shule ya msingi. Alihudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana huko Uruagu, Nnewi, ambapo alipata Cheti cha Shule ya Afrika Magharibi mnamo mwaka wa 1984. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/florence-onyebuchi-orabueze/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330164343/https://nalonline.org.ng/florence-onyebuchi-orabueze/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alipewa udahili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka, ambapo alisoma lugha ya Kiingereza na fasihi kwa shahada yake ya kwanza kuanzia mwaka wa 1984 hadi mwaka wa 1988. Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka, alipata shahada yake uzamili katika kufundisha Kiingereza kama lugha ya pili mnamo mwaka wa 1991. <ref name=":0" /> Zaidi ya hayo, kuanzia mwaka wa 1993 hadi hadi mwaka wa 1998, alifuatilia shahada ya Shahada ya Sheria katika chuo kikuu hicho hicho. Mnamo mwaka wa 2000, alipata Shahada yake ya Sheria kutoka Shule ya Sheria ya Nigeria, Bwari, [[Abuja]] . Mnamo 14 Oktoba mwaka wa 2000, aliitwa katika Mwanasheria wa Nigeria. Mnamo mwaka wa 2011, alipata udaktari kwa Kiingereza akizingatia fasihi ya Kiafrika kutoka Kitivo cha Sanaa, Idara ya Lugha ya Kiingereza na Masomo ya Fasihi, Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=GUO Foundation {{!}} About Us|url=https://www.guofoundationonline.com.ng/about.html|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=www.guofoundationonline.com.ng}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Orabueze alianza kazi yake ya kitaaluma kama mhadhiri msaidizi katika&nbsp;Idara ya Kiingereza, Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, mnamo mwak wa 1996. Mnamo mwaka wa 1997, alipandishwa cheo hadi kuwa mhadhiri wa pili. Alikuwa mhadhiri wa kwanza mnamo mwaka wa 2000, mhadhiri mkuu mnamo mwaka wa 2004 na profesa wa Kiingereza katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria. Mnamo Mei tarehe 11, mwaka wa 2017, alifanya uwasilishaji wake wa hotuba ya uzinduzi. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, kitabu cha festschrift chenye kichwa cha habari '''Mtazamo wa Lugha, Fasihi na Haki za Binadamu''' kilichapishwa kwa heshima yake. <ref name=":4">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Perspective on Language, Literature & Human Rights. Essay in Honour of Professor Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze|publisher=University of Nigeria Press Ltd|year=2019|isbn=978-978-8527-79-4|editor-last=T. M. E|editor-first=Chukwumezie|editor-last2=L. C|editor-first2=Ogenyi|editor-last3=C. F|editor-first3=Ononye|editor-last4=O. A.|editor-first4=Ejesu}}</ref> == Miadi ya utawala == Kuanzia mwaka wa 2011 hadi mwaka wa 2012, alikuwa mratibu mkuu wa kitengo cha Matumizi ya Kiingereza chini ya shule ya masomo ya jumla ya Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria Nsukka. Kuanzia mwaka wa 2010 hadi mwaka wa 2013, alikuwa afisa wa maendeleo hadi makamu mkuu wa 13 wa taasisi hiyo. Kati ya mwaka wa 2015 na mwaka wa 2019, alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kwanza mwanamke, katika duka la Vitabu la Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, pia alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kwanza mwanamke wa Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria Press Ltd; hadi mwaka wa 2019. Katika mwaka wa mwisho, akawa mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Masomo ya Kiafrika, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi mwaka wa 2021. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> == Uanachama na ushirika == Orabueze ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Barua cha nchini Nigeria, Chama cha Fasihi ya Kiafrika (ALA), Chama cha Isimu cha Nigeria (LAN), Chama cha Lugha za Kisasa cha nchini Nigeria (MLAN), Chama cha Walimu wa Lugha, Fasihi na Isimu cha Afrika Magharibi (WALLTA) na Chama cha Wanawake cha Chama cha Fasihi ya Kiafrika (WOCALA). Pia ni mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Wasuluhishi Walioidhinishwa yanchi ya Nigeria, Taasisi ya Wapatanishi Walioidhinishwa na Wapatanishi,Na Chama cha Utafiti na Ubora wa Kielimu, mwanachama wa Maisha wa Chuo cha Barua cha nchini Nigeria na Chama cha Wanasheria cha Nigeria . <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> == Maisha binafsi == Orabueze&nbsp;Walifunga ndoa na Alexander Ogochukwu Orabueze, mhasibu aliyeidhinishwa mnamo Desemba tarehe 17, mwaka wa 1988 katika Kanisa Kuu la Roho Mtakatifu, Enugu. Wamebarikiwa na kuwa watoto wanne. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3"/> == Machapisho yaliyochaguliwa == * '''Orabueze, FO''' . ''Mwandishi Mbunifu kama Mwanaharakati wa Haki za Binadamu'' . Nsukka: Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria press Limited, 2017. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Creative Writer as a Human Rights Activist|last=Fim. O|first=Orabueze|publisher=University of Nigeria Press Ltd|year=2017|isbn=9789788446996|location=Nsukka}}</ref> * '''Orabueze, FO''' . ''Jamii, Wanawake na Fasihi barani Afrika'' . Port Harcourt: Vitabu vya Elimu vya M & J, 2010. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Society, Women and Literature in Africa|last=F. O|first=Orabueze|date=7 March 2016|publisher=M & J Educational Books|isbn=9789785412796}}</ref> * Insha kwa Heshima ya Profesa '''Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze''', ''Mtazamo kuhusu Lugha, Fasihi na Haki za Binadamu'' . Nsukka: University of Nigeria Press Limited, 2019. <ref name=":4">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Perspective on Language, Literature & Human Rights. Essay in Honour of Professor Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze|publisher=University of Nigeria Press Ltd|year=2019|isbn=978-978-8527-79-4|editor-last=T. M. E|editor-first=Chukwumezie|editor-last2=L. C|editor-first2=Ogenyi|editor-last3=C. F|editor-first3=Ononye|editor-last4=O. A.|editor-first4=Ejesu}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFT._M._EL._CC._FO._A.2019">T. M. E, Chukwumezie; L. C, Ogenyi; C. F, Ononye; O. A., Ejesu, eds. (2019). ''Perspective on Language, Literature & Human Rights. Essay in Honour of Professor Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze''. University of Nigeria Press Ltd. [[Namba sanifu ya kimataifa ya vitabu|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-978-8527-79-4|<bdi>978-978-8527-79-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> * '''Orabueze, F. (2010)''' . "Gereza la mwanamke wa Nigeria: ushiriki wa kike katika kitabu cha Sefi Atta cha Kila kitu kizuri kitakuja". ''African Literature Today'', ''27'', 85–102. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Orabueze |first=Florence |date=2010 |title=The prison of Nigerian woman: female complicity in Sefi Atta's Everything good will come. |journal=African Literature Today |volume=27 |pages=85–102}}</ref> * '''Orabueze, F. (2004)''' . "Kampeni ya Wanawake Dhidi ya Ukiukwaji wa Haki za Msingi za Kibinadamu za Wanawake: Barua ya Mariama Ba ya So Long A na Raia wa Daraja la Pili wa Buchi Emecheta". ''Wanawake katika Chuo: Festschrift kwa Prof. Helen Chukwuma'', 111–16. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Orabueze |first=Florence |date=2004 |title=The Feminist Crusade Against Violation of Women's Fundamental Human Rights: Mariama Ba's So Long A Letter and Buchi Emecheta's Second Class Citizen. |journal=Women in the Academy: Festschrift for Prof. Helen Chukwuma |pages=111–16}}</ref> * '''Orabueze, FO (''' 2011). "Waliotengwa katika Hibiscus ya Zambarau ya Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie na Nusu ya Jua la Njano". Idara ya Masomo ya Kiingereza na Fasihi, Kitivo cha Sanaa Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Orabueze |first=Florence |date=2011 |title=The Dispossessed in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun. |journal=Department of English and Literary Studies, Faculty of Arts University of Nigeria.}}</ref> * '''Orabueze, F. O.''' (2020). "Sanaa, Historia, Dini na Fasihi: watu mashuhuri katika Mambo ya Chinua Achebe Yanaanguka Mbali". ''IKENGA: Jarida la Kimataifa la Taasisi ya Masomo ya Afrika'', ''21'' (4). <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Orabueze |first=Florence |title=Art, History, Religion and Literature: the iconoclasts in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=20064241&AN=150879078&h=WcZ8FynD%2BKn5f%2BMXBsdIe4gfIW%2BM1XASXZwV7%2Bj98mAzYg69oYDh88uhiQDPVbUgPtX%2FGQOKvSKUHXaudjAe8Q%3D%3D&crl=c |journal=IKENGA: International Journal of Institute of African Studies |volume=21 |issue=4}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 05qzbvey5zoi0k5of850chep1x87clg Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe 0 228081 1509548 1505189 2026-04-25T01:47:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe''' ni [[profesa]] kutokea nchini Nigeria wa fasihi ya [[Kifaransa]] na ya [[Fasihi ya Kiafrika|Kiafrika]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zaria]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. {{!}} Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/|accessdate=2023-07-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112544/https://imonyemelukwe.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anaandika mashairi, hadithi fupi, riwaya, tamthilia, ukosoaji wa fasihi, na ukosoaji wa kijamii. Amechapisha vitabu 27 na majarida 162 nje na ndani ya nchi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe|first=Ifeoma Mabel|date=15 July 2023|title=Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe: Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/ifeoma-mabel-onyemelukwe-a91610b4/?originalSubdomain=ng|work=LinkedIn}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama katika Chuo cha Barua cha Nigeria (NAL). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=NationalInsightNews|date=2019-06-21|title=Nigerian Academy of Letters Elects Seven Professors As Fellows|url=https://nationalinsightnews.com/nigerian-academy-of-letters-elects-seven-professors-as-fellows/|accessdate=2023-07-15|work=National Insight News}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/ifeoma-mabel-onyemelukwe/|accessdate=2023-07-15|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Onyemelukwe alizaliwa Awka, [[Nigeria|Nchini Nigeria]] . Alikamilisha shahada yake ya Shahada ya Sayansi katika [[Kifaransa|lugha ya Kifaransa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka mnamo mwaka wa 1976. Aliendeleza elimu yake na Stashahada ya Uzamili katika Elimu kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, Zaria mnamo mwaka wa 1982. Akiendelea na masomo yake, alipata shahada ya uzamili na udaktari katika Kifaransa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, Zaria mnamo mwaka wa 1979 na mwaka wa 1987 mtawalia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. {{!}} Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/|accessdate=2023-07-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112544/https://imonyemelukwe.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake kama msaidizi wa kuhitimu katika Chuo cha Ualimu cha Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello (ABU) mwaka wa 1978. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=III|first=Admin|date=2020-09-30|title=Prof Onyemelukwe: A Life Of Accomplishments @70 - FOREFRONT NG 70, ABU, Life Of Accomplishments, Prof Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe, Prof Onyemelukwe, Zaria|url=https://forefrontng.com/prof-onyemelukwe-a-life-of-accomplishments-70/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=FOREFRONT NG|language=en-US}}</ref> Baada ya hapo, alifanya kazi katika Taasisi ya Elimu ya ABU, Zaria kati ya mwaka wa 1992 na mwaka wa 2001. Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, alijiunga na Idara ya Kifaransa ndani ya Kitivo cha Sanaa huko ABU, Zaria. Alibaki hapo hadi kustaafu kwake kwa lazima mnamo mwaka wa 2020. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. {{!}} Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/|accessdate=2023-07-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112544/https://imonyemelukwe.com/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://imonyemelukwe.com/ "Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. | Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria"] {{Wayback|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/ |date=20230703112544 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> Katika taaluma yake, alifanya kazi katika nafasi kadhaa za uongozi, kama vile profesa wa sabato na katika Idara ya Kifaransa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Kaduna, [[Kaduna]] . Zaidi ya hayo, alishikilia wadhifa wa kuwa Profesa Mgeni katika Idara ya Kifaransa katika Chuo cha Elimu cha Shirikisho, Zaria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=III|first=Admin|date=2020-09-30|title=Prof Onyemelukwe: A Life Of Accomplishments @70 - FOREFRONT NG 70, ABU, Life Of Accomplishments, Prof Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe, Prof Onyemelukwe, Zaria|url=https://forefrontng.com/prof-onyemelukwe-a-life-of-accomplishments-70/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=FOREFRONT NG|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIII2020">III, Admin (2020-09-30). [https://forefrontng.com/prof-onyemelukwe-a-life-of-accomplishments-70/ "Prof Onyemelukwe: A Life Of Accomplishments @70 - FOREFRONT NG 70, ABU, Life Of Accomplishments, Prof Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe, Prof Onyemelukwe, Zaria"]. ''FOREFRONT NG''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span></span>.</cite> Onyemelukwe ni Mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Washauri wa Usimamizi iliyoidhinishwa na Taasisi ya Utawala iliyoidhinishwa . Pia ameorodheshwa katika Contemporary Who's Who (mwaka wa 2002) na International Who's Who ya Wanawake Wataalamu na Wafanyabiashara (ya mwaka 2002). Mnamo Oktoba 14, mwaka wa 2015, alitoa hotuba ya uzinduzi, akiwa na waliohudhuria akiwemo Dkt. Alex Ekwueme na watu wengine kadhaa mashuhuri. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. {{!}} Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/|accessdate=2023-07-10|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703112544/https://imonyemelukwe.com/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://imonyemelukwe.com/ "Official Website of Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe. | Professor of French and African Literature of French Expression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria"] {{Wayback|url=https://imonyemelukwe.com/ |date=20230703112544 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Maisha ya binafsi == Ameolewa na Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe, ambaye ni Daktari Mshauri na Profesa wa [[Tiba]] na Kinga katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Kwa pamoja, wamebarikiwa kuzaa watoto watano. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PERSONAL INFORMATION – Prof. G.C. Onyemelukwe MON|url=https://www.profgconyemelukwe.com/personal-information/|accessdate=2023-07-24|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=III|first=Admin|date=2020-09-30|title=Prof Onyemelukwe: A Life Of Accomplishments @70 - FOREFRONT NG 70, ABU, Life Of Accomplishments, Prof Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe, Prof Onyemelukwe, Zaria|url=https://forefrontng.com/prof-onyemelukwe-a-life-of-accomplishments-70/|accessdate=2023-07-24|work=FOREFRONT NG|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIII2020">III, Admin (2020-09-30). [https://forefrontng.com/prof-onyemelukwe-a-life-of-accomplishments-70/ "Prof Onyemelukwe: A Life Of Accomplishments @70 - FOREFRONT NG 70, ABU, Life Of Accomplishments, Prof Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe, Prof Onyemelukwe, Zaria"]. ''FOREFRONT NG''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Kazi zilizochaguliwa == * Ifeoma Onyemelukwe(2023). Historia ya Fasihi ya Kinigeria Inayozungumza Kifaransa. Uchapishaji Wetu wa Maarifa. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=History of French-Speaking Nigerian Literature|last=Onyemelukwe|first=Ifeoma|date=2023-07-14|publisher=Our Knowledge Publishing|isbn=978-620-6-22246-0|language=English}}</ref> * Ifeoma Onyemelukwe(2016). Zaidi ya Kiwango cha Kuchemka. Labelle Educational Publishers. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Amazon.com : Ifeoma Mabel Onyemelukwe|url=https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Ifeoma+Mabel+Onyemelukwe&crid=2P1T06CU3H74D&sprefix=ifeoma+mabel+onyemelukwe,aps,383&ref=nb_sb_noss|accessdate=2023-07-19|work=www.amazon.com|language=en-us}}</ref> * Onyemelukwe, IM (2018). Uchambuzi wa Bleu-blanc-rouge ya Alain Mabanckou kama Kazi ya Mkato. ''IMPACT: Jarida la Kimataifa la Utafiti katika Binadamu, Sanaa, na Fasihi (IMPACT: IJRHAL)'', ''6'', 443-454. * Onyemelukwe, IM (2021). Nadharia ya uanaharakati wa uwezo: Mtazamo unaoibuka katika ukosoaji wa fasihi. ''Jarida la Lugha na Fasihi za Kisasa za Ulaya'', ''15'', 1-15. * Onyemelukwe, IM (2019). Hatari ya Lugha: Kesi ya Lugha ya Igbo. ''Jarida la Lugha na Fasihi ya Kisasa ya Ulaya'', ''11'', 18-30. * Onyemelukwe, IM (2015). Ushujaa na Upinzani wa Ushujaa katika Fasihi kwa Kifaransa: Je, Unaweza Kuona. ''Mfululizo wa Mihadhara ya Uzinduzi Nambari 06/15. Zaria: Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, Nigeria'' . * Onyemelukwe, IM, Muotoo, CH, & Odudigbo, ME (2020). La Thanatologie dans L'ombre D'imana: Voyages Jusqu'au Bout du Rwanda de Veronique Tadjo. ''UJAH: Jarida la Unizik la Sanaa na Binadamu'', ''21'' (1), 71-101. * Onyemelukwe, IM, Adamu, AD, & Muotoo, CH (2021). Le Griot Dans La Litterature Postcoloniale: Une Etude De Guelwaar De Sembene Ousmane. ''UJAH: Jarida la Unizik la Sanaa na Binadamu'', ''22'' (1), 55-77. * Onyemelukwe, IM (2019). Wizi wa kimasomo au wizi wa kitaaluma: aina, viashiria na njia ya kutoka. ''Jarida la Kimataifa la Sayansi Zinazotumika na Asili'', ''8'' (2), 9-26. * Onyemelukwe, IM (2019). Le Phallocentrisme vis-a-vis du Pouvoir Feminin dans les Proverbes Awka. ''UJAH: Jarida la Unizik la Sanaa na Binadamu'', ''20'' (1), 182-212. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 81u6w2ph06uwqebgmw342y917wky5yt Folake Onayemi 0 228085 1509512 1505190 2026-04-24T20:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Folake Oritsegbubemi Onayemi''' (4 Oktoba 1964 - 14 Februari 2024) alikuwa msomi wa fasihi wa Nigeria, Profesa wa Vitabu vya Zamani na Mkuu wa Idara ya Vitabu vya Zamani katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] nchini Nigeria. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutunukiwa [[Uzamivu|Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD)]] katika Vitabu vya Zamani nchini Nigeria na ni mwanamke wa kwanza mweusi kuwa Profesa wa Vitabu vya Zamani katika [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]] . Alikuwa mtaalamu wa fasihi, tamaduni, na hadithi za Kigiriki-Kirumi na Nigeria, hasa zinazohusiana na majukumu na uwakilishi wa wanawake. == Elimu == Folake Onayemi alizaliwa tarehe 4 Oktoba mwaka wa 1964, huko Ijebu-Jesa, nchini Nigeria. <ref name=":1" /> Alisoma [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan|katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] ili apate Shahada yake ya Kwanza katika Tamthilia za Zamani (ya mwaka 1986), ikifuatiwa na Shahada ya Uzamili (1990), Shahada ya Uzamivu ( MPhil ) (1997), na [[Uzamivu|Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD]] ) (mwaka wa 2001); alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Tamthilia za Zamani nchini Nigeria, akiwa na tasnifu iitwayo ''Hofu ya Urembo wa Wanawake katika Tamthilia za Zamani na Kiafrika/ [[Wayoruba|Kiyoruba]]'' . <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://arts.ui.edu.ng/FOnayemi|title=Prof. Onayemi F. {{!}} Faculty of Arts, UI|work=arts.ui.edu.ng|accessdate=23 May 2019|archivedate=23 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523183255/https://arts.ui.edu.ng/FOnayemi}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/BIODATA%20OF%20PROFESSOR%20FOLAKE%20ONAYEMI.pdf|title=BIODATA OF PROFESSOR FOLAKE ORITSEGBUBEMI ONAYEMI|work=University of Ibadan|accessdate=23 May 2019|archivedate=23 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523184809/https://ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/BIODATA%20OF%20PROFESSOR%20FOLAKE%20ONAYEMI.pdf}}</ref> Wakati wa Shahada yake ya Uzamivu (PhD), alitumia muda kama msomi mgeni katika Chuo Kikuu cha Brown, [[Rhode Island]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Mapokezi == Utafiti wa Onayemi ulikuwa hasa katika uwanja wa tafiti za kulinganisha fasihi na utamaduni wa Kigiriki-Kirumi na nchi ya Nigeria au Kiafrika, eneo ambao yeye na wenzake huko Ibadan, akiwemo Olakunbi Olasope, walitoa mchango mkubwa sana. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Lambert |first=Michael |date=2014 |title=On rainbows and butterflies: The Classics, the Humanities, and Africa |url=http://www.casa-kvsa.org.za/2014/AC57-01-Lambert.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Acta Classica |volume=7 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.15731/AClass.057.01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803100902/http://www.casa-kvsa.org.za/2014/AC57-01-Lambert.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2019 |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Giusti |first=Elena |date=1 June 2022 |title=Africa and the making of Classical literature: on decolonizing Greco-Roman literature syllabi |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/bics/qbac001 |url-status=live |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=67–78 |doi=10.1093/bics/qbac001 |issn=0076-0730 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215172559/https://academic.oup.com/bics/article-abstract/65/1/67/7044727?redirectedFrom=fulltext |archive-date=15 February 2024 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> Kazi yake imeelezewa na mkufunzi Jo-Marie Claassen kama "mtazamo wa kipekee wa Kiafrika kuhusu Mambo ya Kale". <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgOVEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|title=(u)Mzantsi Classics: Dialogues in Decolonisation from Southern Africa|last=Masters|first=Samantha|last2=Nzungu|first2=Imkhitha|last3=Parker|first3=Grant|date=15 October 2022|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-1-80207-913-5|pages=88}}</ref> Kama mkufunzi [[Ufeministi|wa haki za wanawake]], alipinga kupunguzwa kwa wanawake hadi umbo la "chombo" - taswira ya kawaida katika hadithi za nchini Ulaya na katika bara la Afrika; pia alisisitiza wingi wa uzoefu wa wanawake. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02KbEAAAQBAJ&dq=Folake+Onayemi&pg=PA16|title=Congo's Dancers: Women and Work in Kinshasa|last=Braun|first=Lesley Nicole|date=24 January 2023|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-34030-8|pages=16|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcVxAAAAMAAJ&q=Folake+Onayemi|title=Coping with Culture|last=Ifie|first=Egbe|date=1999|publisher=Oputoru Books|isbn=978-978-34913-5-9|pages=ix|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi zilizochaguliwa == Kilichomvutia zaidi Onayemi kilikuwa majukumu ya wanawake na uwakilishi wao katika fasihi na tamthilia, mada ambazo alichapisha katika vitabu viwili na makala nyingi, pamoja na kuchapisha masomo ya kulinganisha ya dini ya Kigiriki na Yoruba, na makala kuhusu jukumu la Classics kama taaluma katika utamaduni na jamii ya kisasa ya nchini Nigeria na bara la Afrika. === Vitabu === * Onayemi, Folake (1999), ''Picha za Wanawake katika Tamthilia za Kirumi na Nigeria'' . Vitabu vya Oputoru. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CQjAQAAMAAJ|title=Portraits of Women in Roman and Nigerian Drama|last=Onayemi|first=Folake|date=1999|publisher=Oputoru Books|isbn=978-978-34913-8-0|language=en}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2004), ''Asili na Lugha ya Mapenzi katika Fasihi ya Kirumi na Kiafrika/Kiyoruba'' . Maktaba ya Matumaini ya Sanaa Huria Nambari 4. Ibadan: Machapisho ya Matumaini. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Nature and Language of Love in Roman and African/Yoruba Literature|last=Onayemi|first=Folake|publisher=Hope Publications|year=2004|location=Ibadan}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2004), ''Utambulisho wa Kikabila, Dhana ya Urembo wa Kike na migogoro katika Programu ya Tamaduni za Kitamaduni na Kiafrika kuhusu Masomo ya Kikabila na Shirikisho (PEFS)'' Monograph Seva Mpya Nambari 12. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OiC0AAAAIAAJ|title=Ethnic Identity, the Concept of Female Beauty and Conflict in Classical and African Cultures|last=Onayemi|first=Folake|date=2004|publisher=Programme on Ethnic and Federal Studies (PEFS)|language=en}}</ref> === Makala na sura za vitabu === * Onayemi, Folake (1998), The Medea Complex katika Riwaya ya Kiyoruba ya Fagunwa katika Egbe Ifie na Dapo Adelugba (wahariri) ''Utamaduni na Hadithi za Kiafrika'', Ibadan: Nyumba ya Uchapishaji ya Wakati wa Mwisho, uk.&nbsp;188 – 205. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=African Culture and Mythology|last=Onayemi|first=Folake|publisher=End-Time Publishing House|year=1998|editor-last=Ifie|editor-first=Egbe|location=Ibadan|pages=188–205|chapter=The Medea Complex in Fagunwa's Yoruba Novel|editor-last2=Adelugba|editor-first2=Dapo}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (1999), Mwanamke Mwingine katika Jamii za Kitamaduni na Kiyoruba katika Egbe Ifie (mh.) ''Kukabiliana na Utamaduni'', Ibadan: Vitabu vya Opotoru, uk.&nbsp;46 – 54. * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Nani Hutoa Kafara - Maelezo kwa Swali la Kigiriki kutoka kwa Mtazamo wa Kiyoruba, ''Storiae Letteratura'' 210, Roma. uk.&nbsp;639–648. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2002 |title=Who Sacrifices - An Explanation to the Greek Question from a Yoruba Point of view |journal=Storiae Letteratura |volume=210 |pages=639–648}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Vitabu vya Zamani nchini Nigeria, ''Daedalus: Jarida la Zamani la Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Kusini'' . Juz. 3 Nambari 2. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2002 |title=Classics in Nigeria |journal=Daedalus: University of South Africa Classical Journal |volume=3 |issue=2}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Wanawake na The Irrational katika Hadithi za Kigiriki na Kiyoruba za Kale, ''Jarida la Ibadan la Masomo ya Kibinadamu'' Nambari 11 na 12 uk.&nbsp;79–89. * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Wanawake Dhidi ya Wanawake: Uhusiano wa Mama Mkwe na Binti-Mkwe katika Fasihi ya Kikale na Kiafrika katika Egbe Ifie (mh.) ''Karatasi za Heshima ya Tekena N. Tamuno Profesa Mstaafu akiwa na umri wa miaka 70.'' Ibadan: Vitabu vya Opoturu, uk.&nbsp;138 – 148. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Papers in Honour of Tekena N. Tamuno Professor Emeritus at 70|last=Onayemi|first=Folake|publisher=Opoturu Books|year=2002|editor-last=Ifie|editor-first=Egbe|location=Ibadan|pages=138–148|chapter=Women Against Women: The Mother-in-law and Daughter- in-law Relationship in Classical and African Literature}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Picha ya Wanawake katika Mithali ya Kikale na Kiafrika na Misemo Maarufu, ''Jarida la Mafunzo ya Utamaduni'' Juz. 6 Nambari 1 uk.&nbsp;114 – 133. * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Wanawake Jasiri katika Tamthilia za Kigiriki na Nigeria, Antigone na Tegonni, Jarida la Ibadan la Mafunzo ya Ulaya. Nambari 3 uk.&nbsp;153 – 161. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2002 |title=Courageous Women in Greek and Nigerian Drama, Antigone and Tegonni |journal=Ibadan Journal of European Studies |volume=3 |pages=153–161}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2002), Wanawake, Jinsia na Nguvu katika Tamthilia za Kitamaduni na Kinigeria: Lysistrata na Morountodun katika Akintunde na Labeodan (wahariri), ''Wanawake na Utamaduni wa Vurugu katika Afrika ya Jadi'', Ibadan: Vitabu vya Sefer, uk.&nbsp;41 – 51. * Onayemi, Folake (2003), Threptia na Sanjo: Malipo: Uhusiano wa Mzazi na Mtoto katika Tamaduni za Kale za Kigiriki na Kiafrika za Kiyoruba, ''Daedalus: Jarida la Classical la Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika Kusini'' . Juz. 4 Nambari 1. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2003 |title=Threptia and Sanjo: The Pay Back: Parent-Child Relationship in Ancient Greek and African Yoruba Cultures |journal=Daedalus: University of South Africa Classical Journal |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake (2004), Kupata Nafasi: Mapambano ya Wanawake kwa Mamlaka ya Kisiasa katika Jamii za Kale za Kirumi na Nigeria, ''Mapitio ya Historia ya Wanawake Uingereza <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2004 |title=Finding a Place: women's struggle for political authority in Classical and Nigerian societies |journal=Women's History Review |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=297–309 |doi=10.1080/09612020601022071 |issn=0961-2025 |s2cid=145653731}}</ref>'' * Onayemi, Folake (2005), Uwakilishi wa Uongozi wa Wanawake katika Tamthilia ya Kigiriki cha Kale na Kiyoruba cha Kisasa: Wanawake wa Mkutano na Lagidigba. Katika Akintunde (mh.) ''Uongozi wa Wanawake: Muktadha wa Nigeria'' . Ibadan: Vitabu vya Sefer. * Onayemi, Folake (2006), Dhambi, Adhabu na Msamaha Katika Dini ya Kigiriki cha Kale: Tathmini ya Kiyoruba, ''Jarida la Falsafa na Utamaduni'' Juz. 3 (1) 2006: uk.&nbsp;72–101. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Onayemi |first=Folake |date=2006 |title=Sin, Punishment And Forgiveness In Ancient Greek Religion: A Yoruba Assessment |journal=Journal of Philosophy and Culture |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=72–101}}</ref> * Onayemi, Folake & Nigel Henry (2007), Mbinu Mpya za Ubinadamu: Jukumu Muhimu la Vitabu vya Zamani, katika Sola Akirinade (mh.), ''Kufikiria Upya Ubinadamu Afrika'' (Kitivo cha Sanaa, Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo ), uk.&nbsp;241–250. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://arts.ui.edu.ng/FOnayemi Tovuti ya Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan] {{Wayback|url=https://arts.ui.edu.ng/FOnayemi |date=20190523183255 }} Archived * [https://ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/BIODATA%20OF%20PROFESSOR%20FOLAKE%20ONAYEMI.pdf Wasifu wa Folake Onayemi] Archived * [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=folake+onayemi&btnG=&oq=folake+on Msomi wa Google] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSqaFCSOMXU Youtube - mambo muhimu ya hotuba ya uzinduzi] * [http://ir.library.ui.edu.ng/bitstream/123456789/2412/1/ui_ina_onayemi_paradigms_2016.pdf Maandishi ya hotuba ya uzinduzi] Archived * [https://punchng.com/people-mocked-me-for-studying-classics-ui-don-folake-onayemi/ Watu walinidhihaki kwa kusoma Classics — UI don, Folake Onayemi] (mahojiano) * [http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/76307 Uwasilishaji wa kijinsia miongoni mwa Abakhayo katika nyimbo za Ongidi] (tasnifu ya MA inayotokana na kazi ya Onayemi kuhusu jinsia) [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mvpsh0o9xq1tv7kokryij5g8qsp46aa Chinyere Stella Okunna 0 228107 1509460 1505195 2026-04-24T13:40:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chinyere Stella Okunna''' ni mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa [[profesa]] wa mawasiliano ya umma nchini Nigeria na Afrika [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]]. Hadi Machi 2026, yeye ni Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo (Taaluma) katika Paul University, Awka, Jimbo la Anambra. Amehudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali kama [[msimamizi]] na mtaalamu wa elimu katika taasisi za kitaaluma pamoja na katika sekta ya umma na siasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Female Professors Of Mass Communication In Nigeria – MassMediaNG|url=https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|last=Nwabueze|first=Chinenye|date=16 July 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Uwanja wake wa utafiti ni mawasiliano kwa maendeleo, hususan maendeleo ya wanawake kwa mtazamo wa wanawake na vyombo vya habari. Amefanya kazi kubwa kuhusu nafasi ya vyombo vya habari katika kuwawezesha wanawake wa Nigeria na kuboresha hali na hadhi yao katika jamii yenye mfumo dume.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intellect Books {{!}} About Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://www.intellectbooks.com/chinyere-stella-okunna|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Intellect Books|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa katika familia ya Joshua na Christiana Adimora huko Uga, eneo la serikali ya mitaa ya [[Aguata]] katika Jimbo la Anambra, Nigeria. Baba yake, Joshua Obinani Adimora, alikuwa mtumishi wa serikali aliyewahi kuwa Afisa wa Wilaya wa kwanza mzawa katika eneo la Aguata miaka ya 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aluwong |first=Jeremiah |title=Connectnigeria Articles |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/do-you-know-nigerias-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=articles.connectnigeria.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alianza elimu ya msingi katika St John’s Primary School, [[Ekwulobia]] na kuhitimisha katika Township School, [[Port Harcourt]]. Elimu yake ya sekondari aliipata katika Anglican Girls Grammar School (baadaye Girls High School), Awkunanaw, [[Enugu]], ambako alipata matokeo bora.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=OKUNNA, Prof. Chinyere Stella, (nee Adimora)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okunna-prof-chinyere-stella-nee-adimora/|last=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-02-20|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Alipata shahada ya kwanza (BA) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, shahada ya uzamili (MA) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Leicester nchini Uingereza, na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos]]. == Kazi == === Taaluma === Profesa Okunna amekuwa na taaluma yenye mafanikio makubwa katika uandishi wa habari na elimu ya mawasiliano, hasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nnamdi Azikiwe. Alianza kazi yake kama mhadhiri katika Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, kabla ya kujiunga na idara ya Mawasiliano ya Umma katika chuo hicho mwaka 1994. Mwaka 2001 alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa profesa wa mawasiliano ya umma nchini Nigeria na Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria's first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|website=News Express Nigeria Website|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sayansi za Jamii (2016–2019) na pia Mkuu wa Idara ya Mawasiliano ya Umma kwa vipindi viwili. Aidha, aliwahi kuwa Mkurugenzi wa redio ya UNIZIK 94.1 FM kwa miaka saba. Mnamo tarehe 27 Januari 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo cha [[Paul University]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peter |date=2022-02-02 |title=Prof Okunna emerges DVC Paul University, Prof Onu too |url=https://championnews.com.ng/prof-okunna-emerges-dvc-paul-university-prof-onu-too/ |newspaper=Daily Champion |language=en-US}}</ref> Amehudumu pia katika taasisi mbalimbali za kitaifa na kimataifa kama mshauri, mhakiki wa kitaaluma na mjumbe wa kamati mbalimbali, ikiwemo [[UNICEF]], [[UNESCO]] na [[UNFPA]]. === Utumishi wa umma === Kati ya 2006 na 2014, alihudumu katika serikali ya Jimbo la Anambra wakati wa utawala wa [[Peter Obi]] kama Kamishna wa Habari na Utamaduni, na baadaye Kamishna wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Bajeti. Pia aliwahi kuwa Mkuu wa Wafanyakazi wa Gavana.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anambra 2014: Why Gov Obi will not anoint a successor – Okunna, Chief of Staff|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/anambra-2014-why-gov-obi-will-not-anoint-a-successor-okunna-chief-of-staff/|newspaper=Vanguard}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Ameolewa na Dkt. Eric Nwabuisi Okunna, daktari bingwa wa uzazi. Wana watoto sita pamoja na wajukuu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria's first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|accessdate=2026-04-13|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] 3azwc5plbnja9rbi9lc51i5v6u5w5r1 Fernando Ansola 0 228137 1509508 1505512 2026-04-24T20:20:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando Ansola''' ([[27 Januari]] [[1940]] – [[30 Juni]] [[1986]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Aliichezea klabu ya Valencia CF katika La Liga, na alifunga mabao manne katika msimu wa 1970–71.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.valenciacf.com/en/article/2618|title=Valencia Club de Fútbol|website=www.valenciacf.com}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2019/05/26/ansola-un-delantero-de-rompe-y-rasga.html|title=Ansola, un delantero de rompe y rasga|website=MARCA.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diariovasco.com/v/20110109/bajo-deba/ph2elgoibar-muestra-filatelica-reivindica-20110109.html|title=&lt;p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;ELGOIBAR&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/p&gt;La muestra filatélica reivindica al gran goleador Fernando Ansola|date=9 January 2011|website=El Diario Vasco}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1940|1986}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 6fcyxjfjd3fbs7c70qnnxzybukuu7wp Jasmine Petersen 0 228254 1509566 1505380 2026-04-25T03:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jasmine Shanon Petersen''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[2002]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na Mbunge (MP) wa Bunge la Taifa kupitia chama cha Patriotic Alliance (PA). Alichaguliwa kuingia katika Bunge la Taifa la Afrika Kusini kupitia uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ms Jasmine Shanon Petersen - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5481|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109204322/https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5481|archive-date=2024-11-09|access-date=2026-01-02|website=www.parliament.gov.za|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] cxgtnon00buyd44utxzbt0daoazf4jz Fatima Batul Mukhtar 0 228280 1509504 1505559 2026-04-24T20:00:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Fatima Batul Mukhtar|image=Fatima Batul Muktar.jpg|caption=Prof Fatima Batul Muktar picture|office1=1st [[Vice-Chancellor]]<br>[[Azman University, Kano]]|predecessor1=|successor1=|office2=(1st Female) 2nd [[Vice-Chancellor]]<br>[[Federal University Dutse]]|predecessor2=Professor [[Jibrilla Dahiru Amin]]|successor2=Professor Abdulkarim Sabo Muhammad|office3=[[Deputy Vice-Chancellor]]<br>[[Northwest University Kano]]|predecessor3=|successor3=Professor Isyaku Ibrahim Indabawa|office4=[[Dean (education)|Dean]] [[Faculty (division)|Faculty]] of [[Science]]<br>[[Northwest University Kano]]|predecessor4=|successor4=Professor Amina Salihi Bayero|birth_date={{birth date and age|1963|05|23|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Kano (city)|Kano]]|death_date=|death_place=|spouse=|relations=Married|children=|alma_mater=[[Bayero University, Kano]]<br>[[Ahmadu Bello University]], Zaria|occupation=|profession=Academic|website=|footnotes=}} '''Fatima Batul Mukhtar''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 23]], [[1963]]) ni msomi mwanamama na anafanya kazi kama [[profesa]] wa [[Botania|mimea]] kutoka nchi ya Nigeria ambaye mwenye kushika nafasi ya makamu mkuu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Azman Kano . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.azmanuniversity.edu.ng/our-team/au-vice-chancellor|title=VICE CHANCELLOR - Azman University|date=2018-08-30|work=www.azmanuniversity.edu.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-09-08}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Maeneo yake ya utafiti yanajikita juu ya udhibiti wa ukuaji, takwimu za kibiolojia, [[Biotekinolojia|teknolojia ya mimea na]] utunzaji wa mimea. Alichaguliwa nafasi ya makamu mkuu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Shirikisho cha Dutse na Rais [[Muhammadu Buhari]] na ameshika nafasi hiyo kuanzia mnamo 2016 hadi mnamo 2021. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mukhtar alizaliwa kwenye mnamo wa 23 Mei 1963 kwenye Eneo la Serikali ya Mitaa ya Manispaa ya Kano katika [[Kano (jimbo)|Jimbo la Kano]] huko Nigeria. Alipata masomo ya Shule ya Msingi ya Shahuchi na Shule ya Msingi ya Bweni ya Wasichana ya Shekara, na kisha Chuo cha Wasichana cha Serikali, Dala. Alihitimisha masomo yake na kupata shahada yake ya kwanza katika botania kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello mnamo 1984. Baadaye alipata shahada yake ya pili na ya tatu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bayero Kano|Chuo Kikuu cha Bayero]] mnamo 1994 na 2005, mtawalia. Mnamo 2012, alijiunga na kozi ya bioteknolojia ya kilimo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Michigan . <ref name="dob">{{Rejea tovuti|author=admin|title=Fatimah Batul Mukhtar|url=http://sci.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bio/Fatimacv.pdf|accessdate=November 6, 2017|work=Bayero University|archivedate=November 7, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022303/http://sci.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bio/Fatimacv.pdf}}</ref> == Kazi == Mukhtar alianza kufanya kazi mnamo wa 1994 kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bayero Kano]] kwa nafasi ya mhadhiri msaidizi na akapanda cheo hadi kufikia kuwa [[profesa]] wa [[Botania|mimea]] mnamo wa 2010. Alibeba majukumu, kuanzia mratibu wa ngazi hadi mkuu wa Idara ya Sayansi ya Mimea. Mukhtar ni mshirika wa Chuo Kikuu cha Northwest, Kano, na alikuwa kati ya wasimamizi wa kitaaluma ambayo ni waanzilishi. Alishika nafasi ya mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sayansi na kama naibu makamu mkuu wa chuo mnamo wa 2015, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2020/01/15/prof-fatima-batul-mukhtar-emerges-5th-in-the-top-5-nigerian-muslim-personalities-of-the-year-2019/|title=Prof. Fatima Batul Mukhtar emerges 5th in the top 5 Nigerian Muslim Personalities of the Year 2019|date=January 15, 2020}}</ref> na alifanikiwa kuongoza Kamati ya TEHAMA, Kamati ya Mfuko wa Hospitali, na Kamati ya Ufuatiliaji na Utendaji wa Bajeti. == Miadi == Mukhtar alichaguliwa kwenye nafasi ya makamu wa pili wa mkuu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Shirikisho cha Dutse na Rais [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kwenye tarehe 14 Februari 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Agencies|date=2019-11-11|title=TETFUND scribe urges university lecturers to strengthen research development|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/tetfund-scribe-urges-university-lecturers-strengthen-development-262797|accessdate=2021-02-13|work=TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/tetfund-launch-projects-worth-4bn-jigawa-university-60467|title=TETFund launch projects worth N1.4bn at Jigawa university|first=News Agency of|author=Nigeria|date=January 16, 2018|work=TODAY}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fatima Batul-Mukhtar -|url=https://nnn.ng/tag/fatima-batul-mukhtar/|accessdate=2021-02-13|work=NNN|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Chila Andrew Aondofa|date=2019-11-22|title=Prof Fatima Batul Mukhtar: 1st Female VC From North-West Nigeria|url=https://www.theabusites.com/professor-fatima-batul-mukhtar/|accessdate=2021-02-13|work=The Abusites|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwenye mwaka 30 Agosti 2023, Chuo Kikuu cha Azman kilimchagua Mukhtar kama makamu mkuu wa chuo kikuu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.azmanuniversity.edu.ng/our-team/au-vice-chancellor|title=VICE CHANCELLOR - Azman University|date=2018-08-30|work=www.azmanuniversity.edu.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2023-09-08}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kuchaguliwa kwake kuliweka, kwasababu alikua mtu wa kwanza na mwanamke wa kwanza kuchukua nafasi ya juu zaidi ya uongozi wa chuo kikuu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://sci.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/22 Wasifu wa Chuo Kikuu cha Bayero] {{Wayback|url=http://sci.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/22 |date=20190402081122 }} Archived [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ramv6atjin9k6hnxuebpr73w977b95t Chinwe Obaji 0 228302 1509458 1505572 2026-04-24T13:39:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Chinwe Obaji|image=|caption=|office1=Federal Minister of Education|predecessor1=[[Fabian Osuji]]|successor1=[[Obiageli Ezekwesili]]|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP)}} '''Chinwe Obaji''' ni mwanamke mwenye taaluma ya mhadhiri wa elimu ya juu, mwalimu na msimamizi wa elimu ambaye alichaguliwa kuongoza [https://education.gov.ng/ Wizara ya Elimu ya Shirikisho la Nigeria] kwenye tarehe Juni 2005 kama Waziri akarithiwa wadhifa hiyo mwaka mmoja baadaye na [[Oby Ezekwesili|Obiageli Ezekwesili]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy|work=The Guardian|date=May 28, 2009|title=Education: 10 ministers, 10 years of democracy|author=Rotimi Lawrence Oyekanmi|accessdate=2009-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124082158/http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy|archivedate=November 24, 2009}}</ref> == Mandharinyuma == Chinwe Obaji alizaliwa eno la Ezinihitte-Mbaise katika [[Jimbo la Imo]], huko nchi ya [[Nigeria]]. Alihitimu masomo ya chuoni kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, Nsukka mwaka 1975. Kuanzia mwaka 1980 alikuwa na nafasi ya mhadhiri na msimamizi kwenye Chuo cha Kilimo cha Michael Okpara, Umuagwo, [[Jimbo la Imo]] ndani ya nchi [[Nigeria]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nigeria: School Erupts in Celebration At Nomination of Lecturer As Minister|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200504150011.html|author=Vanguard|date=April 15, 2005|work=|accessdate=May 27, 2020}}</ref> == Nafasi ya Waziri == Obaji alishika wadhifa ya Waziri wa kwanza wa elimu mwanamke nchini huko Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Team|first=N. N. L.|title=Interview With Prof Chinwe Obaji: WHY SOME NIGERIANS ARE HOSTILE TO BUHARI.....Prof Obaji|url=https://nigeriannewsleader.com/index.php/interviews-opinion/interview-with-prof-chinwe-obaji-why-some-nigerians-are-hostile-to-buhari-prof-obaji|accessdate=2020-11-08|work=nigeriannewsleader.com|language=en-gb}}</ref> Akiwa Waziri wa Elimu, alifanya jitihada za kuibua Idara ya Ukaguzi ya Wizara ya Elimu ya Shirikisho. Aliweka hai mradi wa mlo mmoja kwa siku kwenye baadhi ya shule za msingi za majaribio kote nchini. <ref name="muse">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy|work=The Guardian|date=May 28, 2009|title=Education: 10 ministers, 10 years of democracy|author=Rotimi Lawrence Oyekanmi|accessdate=2009-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124082158/http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy|archivedate=November 24, 2009}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRotimi_Lawrence_Oyekanmi2009">Rotimi Lawrence Oyekanmi (May 28, 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091124082158/http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy "Education: 10 ministers, 10 years of democracy"]. ''The Guardian''. Archived from [http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20090603012051zg/nigeriawatch/education/education-10-ministers-10-years-of-democracy the original] on November 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Alitoa agizo kwamba Vyuo Vikuu vinatakiwa kusimamia Mtihani wa Matriculation wa Baada ya Chuo Kikuu kwa wanafunzi watakaochaguliwa kwenye juhudi za kuepuka au kuruka ufanisi wa Bodi ya Udahili na Matriculation ya Pamoja (JAMB). Ilikua ni kwa ajili ya kuunga mkono agizo lake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20180704083740179|title=Confusion prevails over post-matric exam announcement|work=University World News|accessdate=2020-02-03}}</ref> Pamoja na hayo, kuliibuka na utata juu ya ada zinazotozwa na vyuo vikuu kwa lengo la ya mtihani huo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.modernghana.com/print/224275/1/amaechi-the-open-fraud-called-post-ume-test.html|title=Amaechi & The Open Fraud Called "Post-UME" Test|author=Odimegwu Onwumere|publisher=Modern Ghana News|date=June 27, 2009|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref> Kwenye mkutano wa mnamo Oktoba 2005 kati ya Wizara ya Elimu ya Shirikisho, Tume ya Vyuo Vikuu vya Kitaifa (NUC) na Bodi ya Udahili na Matriculation, wakakubali kwa kauli moja kuweka rasmi ada ya mtihani kuwa N1,000. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/Naija-news/message/3873|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130209191602/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Naija-news/message/3873|archivedate=February 9, 2013|title=As varsities win screening battle, Education minister says it's a unanimous decision|author=Emmanuel Edukugho|date=October 27, 2005|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=2009-10-13}}</ref> Kwenye kujibu maswali kwenye Baraza la Wawakilishi mwaka Novemba 2005, Obaji alielezea kwamba chuo kikuu chochote kilichokusanya zaidi ya N1,000 kutoka kwa wagombea wanaotaka udahili baada ya uchunguzi wa baada ya JAMB kilieda kinyume na agizo lake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-138845508.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130122104540/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-138845508.html|archivedate=January 22, 2013|title=Post Jamb Test: Fees Beyond N1,000 Illegal - Minister.|publisher=This Day|date=November 15, 2005|author=Donald Andoor|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref> Baraza la Wawakilishi huko mbeleni lilifuta agizo hilo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2006/feb/033.html|title=CHINWE OBAJI'S LEGACY|author=Atâyi-Babs Ezekiel Opaluwah|date=February 3, 2006|publisher=NigeriaWorld|accessdate=2009-10-12|archive-date=2011-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716031504/http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2006/feb/033.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwenye tarehe Aprili 2006, Chinwe Obaji alielezea mageuzi ya muundo wa mfumo wa elimu ya msingi ili kuweka sawa kwamba kila mtoto wa Nigeria angalau anapata elimu ya shule ya msingi. Serikali ilianzisha mfumo wa kupambana na wazazi ambao hawataki kuandikisha watoto wao shuleni, na ikaanza kwa kuajiri walimu 40,000 kwa jamii za vijijini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.wes.org/ewenr/06jun/africa.htm|title=Universal Basic Education System Altered|date=April 27, 2006|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref> Alisema kwamba mpango wa Elimu ya Msingi kwa Wote (UBE) ulikus na lego la kuimarisha "upatikanaji wa bila kipingamizi wa elimu ya msingi bora kwa watoto, hasa kwa mtoto wa kike". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/pom2006_101-suppl/rc_pc_migrants_pom101-suppl_migraz-ebegbulem.html|title=People on the Move: MIGRATION AND PROSTITUTION AMONG WOMEN FROM COUNTRIES OF ISLAMIC MAJORITY|date=August 2006|author=Sr. Patricia EBEGBULEM|publisher=Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People|accessdate=2009-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020212731/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/pom2006_101-suppl/rc_pc_migrants_pom101-suppl_migraz-ebegbulem.html|archivedate=2012-10-20}}</ref> == Nafasi zinazofuata == Dkt. Chinwe Obaji alichaguliwa kuwa nafasi ya Profesa wa Elimu ya Kimataifa kwenye Chuo cha Voorhees ndani ya nchi ya [[Marekani]] kuanzia mnamo wa 2007. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.cipaco.org/spip.php?article1159|title=Obaji Preaches IT Education in Nigerian Universities|author=Efem Nkanga|date=2007|publisher=This Day|accessdate=2009-10-12|archivedate=2009-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607223234/http://www.cipaco.org/spip.php?article1159}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waigbo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mh4ppr1irl7xwynosrashpsvn4m3hof Gbemisola Oke 0 228327 1509523 1505576 2026-04-24T21:46:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gbemisola Oke''' (alizaliwa '''Gbemisola Aderemi Aderinokun''') ni profesa kutoka nchini Nigeria wa Periodontolojia na Meno ya Jamii katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . Alikuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo kwa miaka miwili kati ya mwaka wa 2015 na mwaka wa 2017. Pia ameshika nafasi za utawala kama vile Mkuu wa Chuo, Kitivo cha Meno na Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Ujasiriamali na Ubunifu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Oke alisoma shahada yake ya kwanza kutoka katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] kati ya mwaka wa 1976 na mwaka wa 1981. Kisha akaenda nchini Marekani ili kusomea maswala ya afya ya umma, na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Afya ya Umma mwaka wa 1985. Baadaye, alirudi nchini Nigeria kuanza na kukamilisha tasnifu yake katika [[Epidemiolojia]] kati ya mwaka wa 1987 na mwaka wa 1997. Yeye ni mwanachama wa mashirika mengi ya kitaaluma ikiwa ni pamoja na Chama cha Madaktari cha Nigeria, Chama cha Meno cha Nigeria, Chama cha Kimataifa cha Utafiti wa Meno, Jumuiya ya Wanawake na UKIMWI barani Afrika miongoni mwa mengine. <ref name="one">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449|title=Prof Oke Aderemi|author=admin|work=College of Medicine|accessdate=2017-11-21|archive-date=2017-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182348/http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Machapisho na majukumu ya utawala == Kati ya mwaka wa 2007 na mwaka wa 2010, Oke alikuwa Mkuu wa Chuo, Kitivo cha Meno katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . Hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo mwaka wa 2015, alikuwa Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Ujasiriamali na Ubunifu. <ref name="one"/> Mnamo Januari mwaka wa 2015, aliteuliwa kuwa naibu VC, akichukua nafasi ya Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo wa siku zijazo, Abel Idowu Olayinka . Alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kuchukua nafasi hiyo. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, aliona kwamba kuharika kwa meno si hatari sana nchini Nigeria, ikilinganishwa na nchi zingine zilizoendelea kwa kuwa hatutegemei sana vyakula vyenye sukari. Alisisitiza hitaji la kutumia [[dawa ya meno]] yenye floridi kwani hiyo itapunguza hatari ya kuoza. Alizungumza katika moja ya kituo cha meno cha jamii alichoanzisha, Oke alisisitiza hitaji la aina yake zaidi, huku akisisitiza imani za kishirikina kuhusu huduma ya afya ya kinywa na mzigo wa kifedha ili kuweka gharama nafuu kama kikwazo kikubwa katika kutimiza malengo yake yaliyowekwa ya kufafanua upya mfumo wa meno nchini Nigeria. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mpk6aofek1jh81lv8w2ro0xl7ytft0k Iyabo Obasanjo 0 228329 1509557 1505577 2026-04-25T02:44:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Iyabo Obasanjo|image=Iyabo Obasanjo.png|caption=Obasanjo in 2015|order=|office=Senator for Ogun Central|predecessor=[[Ibikunle Amosun]]|successor=[[Olugbenga Onaolapo Obadara]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|04|27}}|birth_place=[[Lagos]], Nigeria|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|spouse={{marriage|Oluwafolajimi Akeem Bello|1999|2003|end=div}}|relations=|children=1|alma_mater={{plainlist| *[[Queen's College, Lagos]] *[[University of Ibadan]] *[[University of California]] *[[Cornell University]] }}|occupation=|profession={{hlist|Politician|veterinarian|epidemiologist|academic}}|signature=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Iyabo Obasanjo''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 27]], [[1967]]) ni msomi mwanamke wa [[Nigeria]], [[Epidemiolojia|mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya mlipuko]], na seneta wa huko nyuma nchini Nigeria. Yeye ni mtoto wa [[Rais wa Nigeria|rais wa zamani wa Nigeria]] [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] na mke wa Oluremi Obasanjo . == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Obasanjo alipata masomo yake Shule ya Corona kwenye eneo la Victoria Island, [[Lagos]], Shule ya Capital maeeo ya [[Kaduna]], na Chuo cha Queen eneo la Lagos. Alipata masomo ya shahada ya udaktari wa mifugo kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] mwaka wa 1988, shahada ya uzamili juu ya [[epidemiolojia]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, Davis huko Davis, California, [[Marekani]], mnamo 1990, na PhD katika somo hilo hilo kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell huko [[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]], New York, mnamo 1994. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://iyabo4senate.com/profile.html|title=Profile|accessdate=22 December 2007|work=Iyabo 4 Senate|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219190720/http://www.iyabo4senate.com/profile.html|archivedate=19 December 2007}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Enzi kabla hajachaguliwa kama seneta, Obasanjo alikuwa a afasi ya Kamishna wa Afya kwenye Jimbo la Ogun. <ref> Aliteuliwa kama Seneta wa Nigeria mwenye kuwakilisha Wilaya ya Seneta ya Kati ya Ogun kwenye [[Jimbo la Ogun]] mwaka Aprili 2007. <ref name="nan">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181404/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html|archivedate=3 March 2016|title=Senator Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello|accessdate=21 December 2007|work=NAssNig.org|publisher=[[National Assembly of Nigeria]]}}</ref> Aligombea tena kwenye uchaguzi wa Aprili 2011 kwenye jukwaa la PDP, lakini alishindwa na Olugbenga Onaolapo Obadara akapata ushindi wa kuongoza Bunge la Kitendo la Nigeria (ACN), kwa kuwa alipata kura 102,389 dhidi ya kura 56,312 za Obasanjo Bello. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Obasanjo-Bello|first=Iyabo|title=List of 2012 Fellows|url=http://advancedleadership.harvard.edu/2012-fellows/|publisher=Harvard University – Advanced Leadership Initiative|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529230913/http://advancedleadership.harvard.edu/2012-fellows/|archivedate=29 May 2013}}</ref> === Kazi ya Seneti === Obasanjo alichaguliwa kwenye Seneti mwaka 28 Aprili 2007 kwenye jukwaa la Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Watu (PDP); mshindani mwenzake wa Action Congress (AC) Remilekun Bakare alikataa kabisa matokeo haya, japo Mahakama ya Maombi ya Uchaguzi ya Jimbo la Ogun ilitukuza ushindi wake. Amewai kushika nafasi ya Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Afya ya Seneti, na mjumbe mshirika wa Kamati za Usalama na Ujasusi, Usafiri wa Ardhini, Sayansi na Teknolojia, Elimu, Mipango ya Kitaifa, na Kamati za Bunge. <ref name="nan">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181404/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html|archivedate=3 March 2016|title=Senator Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello|accessdate=21 December 2007|work=NAssNig.org|publisher=[[National Assembly of Nigeria]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181404/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html "Senator Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello"]. ''NAssNig.org''. [[National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Archived from [http://www.nassnig.org/senate/Personal%20data/Obasanjo-Bello/Sen%20iyabo%20O%20bello.html the original] on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> Alipoteza wadhifa wake kipindi cha Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Kitaifa mwaka 9 Aprili 2011. Safari yake ya Utawala wake wa kisiasa hatimaye ulifikia kikomo mamo wa 2015 alipoangushwa na Seneta Gbenga Obadara ambaye alimnyang'anya wilaya ya Seneta ya Kati ya Ogun. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iyabo Obasanjo|url=https://www.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/iyabo-obasanjo|accessdate=2021-05-22|work=Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative|language=en-US|archivedate=25 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525140325/https://www.advancedleadership.harvard.edu/iyabo-obasanjo}}</ref> === Jaribio la mauaji === Kwenye tarehe Aprili 2003, wakati wa siku ya uchaguzi mkuu gari lake lilifyatuliwa risasi kwenye Barabara ya Ifo ndani Jimbo la Ogun. Japo hakuwepo kwenye gari, watu wazima 3 na watoto 2 ndani ya gari walifariki. Wahalifu waliofanya hicho kitendo hawakuwahi kukamatwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-100477267/four-die-gunmen-shoot-obasanjo-daughter|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213255/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-100477267/four-die-gunmen-shoot-obasanjo-daughter|archivedate=4 October 2013|title=Four Die as Gunmen Shoot at Obasanjo's Daughter|date=23 April 2003|publisher=Africa News Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The State of Criminal Justice - Tenth Justice Idigbe Memorial Lecture|url=http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/articles/criminal%20law%20and%20procedure/THE%20STATE%20OF%20CRIMINAL%20JUSTICE%20IN%20NIGERIA.pdf|author=Osinbajo|first=Yemi|year=2009}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Uchunguzi wa EFCC === Kwenye tarehe Aprili 2008, Obasanjo alifanyiwa uchunguzi na Tume ya Uhalifu wa Kiuchumi na Fedha ya Nigeria (EFCC) kutokana na uchunguzi uliomuungaisha na waziri wa zamani wa afya, Profesa [[Adenike Grange]], na waziri wa afya wa nchi, Gabriel Aduku, kwa ubadhirifu wa fedha za umma. Wizara mwishoni mwa mwaka wa fedha haikurejesha pesa zote ambazo hazikutumika kwenye hazina ya serikali. Kiasi hicho kilikuwa Naira milioni 300, ambazo iasemekana ziligawanywa miongoni mwa waziri, waziri wake wa nchi na watumishi wakuu wa umma kwenye kamati ya afya ya Seneti na Baraza la Wawakilishi anayoisimamia. Waziri psmojs na naibu wake walilazimika kujiuzulu mara baada ya kurejesha sehemu yao ya pesa zile; hatimae walikamatwa na kuachiliwa kwa dhamana. Obasanjo aligoma kurejesha sehemu yake ya pesa hizo, naira milioni 10. Aliweka madai kwamba wanachama tisa wa kamati yake "walishawishi" fedha kutoka kwa wizara waliyoisimamia. Alitia mkazo kwamba pesa hizi zilitumika ndani ya mkutano kuhusu kuwajengea uwezo baadhi ya wanachama wa kamati ya afya waliohudhuria nchini Ghana. Mpaka sasa amekataa kujipeleka mbele ya EFCC. Japo aliitwa, kwa ujumla na waziri na watumishi wengine wa umma, alibisha kuwepo mahakamani. Wiki moja mbeleni, hali ya kutatanisha iliibuka wakati maafisa wa EFCC walipojaribu kumkamata nyumbani kwake ndani ya wilaya ya Maitama ya jiji la Abuja, baada ya kuwekewa dau kadhaa kwa wakati mmoja na maafisa wa utekelezaji wa sheria ambazo zilimsababisha kuruka juu ya uzio wake ili kuepuka kukamatwa na maafisa wa utekelezaji wa sheria wa Nigeria. Mwaka wa 2009 kesi hiyo ilitupiliwa mbali na Mahakama Kuu huko Abuja kwa madai kwamba haikuwa na mashiko yeyote. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Okon |first=Patrick Ene |year=2018 |title=Comparative Analysis of Mass Media Coverage of the Fight Against Corruption in Nigeria by the Obasanjo and Buhari Administrations |url=http://scipg.com/index.php/103/article/view/92 |journal=International Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–57 |doi=10.20448/2001.42.47.57 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Justice or Impunity: high profile corruption cases crawling or gone to sleep|last=Owasanye|first=Bolaji|publisher=Human Development Initiatives|year=2014|isbn=9789789392506|location=Lagos}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Lango|Nigeria}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 612kxv2uoac8hikwi2rj81zp7hyyj3r Igor Matvienko 0 228697 1509550 1506275 2026-04-25T01:48:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igor Igorevich Matvienko''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 6]] [[1960]], mjini [[Moscow]], [[Urusi|Russia]]) ni mtayarishaji wa muziki na mtunzi wa Urusi na aliyekuwa Muungano wa Kisovyeti akiwa ni mwanzilishi wa bendi maarufu za Lyube, ''Ivanushki International'', Korni, Fabrika,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-05-22 |title=Регент Хора Сретенского монастыря Никон Жила в Воронеже: «Наша музыка интернациональна!» |url=https://vrn.vestipk.ru/archives/68112 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=ВестиПК в Воронеже |language=ru-RU}}</ref> na KuBa. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=ТЕЛЕНЕДЕЛЯ - Как на духу - Игорь Матвиенко: настоящие браки держатся не на сексе |url=http://teleweek.ru/igor_matvienko |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727105515/http://teleweek.ru/igor_matvienko |archive-date=2009-07-27 |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=teleweek.ru |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1960]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wanamuziki wa Urusi]] 7urqi00ouz5ekfz9h62aiesi9xxpt13 Dierdré A. Snijman 0 228802 1509483 1506489 2026-04-24T16:19:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dierdré A. Snijman''' ni mwanabiolojia wa Afrika Kusini. == Maisha na kazi ya mapema == Snijman alizaliwa katika mji mdogo ulioko mashariki mwa [[Johannesburg]], nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] na mapema alichukua jina "Dee" ambalo ni rahisi kuandika na kutamka. Alisoma katika Mtawa wa Imelda Baraka huko [[Brakpan]] na kutoka katika Chuo cha Damelin huko jijini Johannesburg. Matamanio yake ya mwanzo kwa maua ya Afrika Kusini yalichochewa, na bustani ya wazazi wake na picha za Cythna Letty na Aruiol Batten. Alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza ya B.Sc (Botani na Hisabati) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Natal. Alipata MSc yake mwaka wa 1973 na wakati huo huo pia alihitimu Diploma katika Elimu. Kufundisha hakuonekana kuwa kwa upendezi wake kama ilivyothibitishwa na "mwaka wa kufundisha watoto wasiokuwa na nidhamu".<ref> {{Rejea tovuti|title=Dierdre Anne Snijman|url=http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html|work=Bulbsociety.org|accessdate=23 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207110054/http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html|archivedate=7 Feb 2007}} </ref> Manmo Mwaka wa 1974 alijiunga na Compton herbarium katika Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens ambapo huko alikutana na kazi ya wanamageuzi kadhaa wa nchini Afrika Kusini, pamoja na Robert Harold Compton. W.F. Barker alikuwa amemaliza mkusanyiko wa monocots huko kabla ya kustaafu. Peter Goldblatt na John Rourke walifanya kazi yake ya mapema. Yeye pamoja na [[Pauline Lesley Perry|Pauline Perry]] walifanya safari nyingi za shamba katika mkoa yenye mvua ya baridi ya nchini Afrika Kusini. <ref name="BulbSoc">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dierdre Anne Snijman|url=http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html|work=Bulbsociety.org|accessdate=23 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207110054/http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html|archivedate=7 Feb 2007}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070207110054/http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html "Dierdre Anne Snijman"]. ''Bulbsociety.org''. Archived from [http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html the original] {{Wayback|url=http://bulbsociety.org/ABOUT_IBS/Awards/HERBERT_MEDAL/Snijman/Snijmanbio.html |date=20070207110054 }} on 7 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Mnamo mwaka 1984 alichapisha Genus Haemanthus kwa kushirikiana pamoja na msanii wa mimea Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst, na hii iliongozana na kazi hiyo kwenye Hessea na Strumaria, ambayo ilifanya sehemu ya shahada yake ya PhD. <ref name="BulbSoc"/> == Kazi == * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region|last=Snijman|first=D.A.|date=2013|publisher=SANBI|isbn=9781919976778|language=English|oclc=874805573}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region. 2, The extra Cape flora|last=Snijman|first=D.A.|date=2013|publisher=South African National Biodiversity Institute, SANBI|isbn=9781919976778|language=English|oclc=1017436885}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Revision of the Genus Haemanthus L. (Amaryllidaceae)|last=Snijman|first=D.A.|date=1984|publisher=National Botanic Gardens of South Africa|language=English|oclc=623237158}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=A taxonomic revision of the genus Pauridia (Hypoxidaceae) in Southern Africa|last=Snijman|first=D.A.|date=2014|publisher=Magnolia Press|isbn=9781775575054|language=English|oclc=904051097}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Systematics of Hesses, Strumaria and Carpolyza (Amaryllideae; Amaryllidaceae)|last=Snijman|first=D.A.|last2=Hall|first2=A.V.|date=1994|publisher=Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town|language=English|oclc=762205601}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=The color encyclopedia of Cape bulbs|last=Manning|first=John|last2=Goldblatt|first2=Peter|last3=Snijman|first3=Dee|date=2002|publisher=Timber Press|isbn=9780881925470|language=English|oclc=469411205}} == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c2bvqxd00of6kjbtcm41w0j213m0m2w Florence Ozor 0 228804 1509511 1506408 2026-04-24T20:32:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509511 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Florence Ozor (cropped).jpg|thumb|Florence Ozor]] '''Florence Ozor''' (amezaliwa [[1980]]) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Nigeria]], na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati ya Bring Back Our Girls. Ameelezwa kama "mwanamke mwenye msimamo thabiti wa [[kifeministi]]".<ref name="gpf">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalprogressiveforum.org/content/meet-florence-ozor-fighting-women-and-girls-caught-conflict|title=Meet Florence Ozor|website=Global Progressive Forum|access-date=12 Novemba 2017|archive-date=2021-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102033421/https://www.globalprogressiveforum.org/content/meet-florence-ozor-fighting-women-and-girls-caught-conflict|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Florence Ozor alizaliwa mwaka 1980 mjini [[Lagos]], Nigeria, akiwa mtoto wa kati katika familia ya wasichana watano. Kukulia katika mazingira ya familia yenye watoto wa kike wengi kulichangia kukuza uelewa wake wa changamoto zinazowakabili wanawake na wasichana katika jamii. Alisomea historia na mahusiano ya kimataifa, taaluma ambazo zilimjengea msingi wa kuelewa siasa za kimataifa, haki za binadamu na maendeleo ya jamii. Aidha, alipata mafunzo ya uongozi katika taasisi mbalimbali ikiwemo [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]] na programu za kimataifa nchini Singapore, jambo lililomuwezesha kukuza uwezo wake wa uongozi na ushawishi katika masuala ya kijamii.<ref name="gpf"/> Elimu na uzoefu wake wa kimataifa ulimsaidia kujenga mtazamo mpana kuhusu nafasi ya wanawake katika maendeleo na umuhimu wa usawa wa kijinsia katika jamii za kisasa. == Kazi == Ozor ameanza taaluma yake katika sekta mbalimbali zikiwemo mitindo (fashion), uzalishaji viwandani, matangazo na mahusiano ya umma. Uzoefu huu ulimwezesha kupata ujuzi wa mawasiliano, usimamizi na uongozi kabla ya kuelekeza nguvu zake katika mawasiliano ya mashirika na mahusiano ya kiserikali kuanzia takriban mwaka 2010.<ref name="gpf" /> Umaarufu wake uliongezeka kimataifa mwaka 2014 alipokuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa harakati ya Bring Back Our Girls. Kupitia harakati hii, alisaidia kuhamasisha uungwaji mkono wa kimataifa na kushinikiza serikali kuchukua hatua za haraka kuokoa wasichana waliotekwa nyara. Harakati hii iligeuka kuwa moja ya kampeni kubwa zaidi za haki za binadamu barani Afrika katika karne ya 21. Katika mwaka huo huo, Ozor alichaguliwa kushiriki katika mpango wa Global Women's Mentoring wa Idara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani, ambapo alikaa Washington, D.C. Kwa kushiriki katika programu hiyo, alijifunza mbinu za uongozi wa kimataifa na utetezi wa haki za wanawake. Pia alifanya ziara ya kutoa mihadhara katika jimbo la [[Colorado]], akihamasisha jamii ya kimataifa kutosahau suala la wasichana wa Chibok.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/05/19/ozor-sap-nigeria/|title=Learning to lead in a crisis|website=Fortune|access-date=12 Novemba 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://denver.cbslocal.com/2014/12/12/activist-fighting-to-free-nigerian-girls-nothing-else-matters/|title=Activist Fighting To Free Nigerian Girls|date=12 Desemba 2014|website=CBS Local|access-date=12 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Aidha, alishiriki katika mkutano wa viongozi wanawake nchini [[Uganda]], ambapo aliendeleza kampeni ya Bring Back Our Girls kwa kushirikisha washiriki kutoka nchi mbalimbali. Ushiriki wake uliongeza mwonekano wa kimataifa wa harakati hiyo na kuimarisha mshikamano wa wanawake katika kupigania haki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/stolen-girls-nigeria-are-still-not-home-271718|title=The Stolen Girls of Nigeria Are Still Not Home|date=19 Septemba 2014|website=Newsweek|access-date=12 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2017, Ozor alikuwa miongoni mwa waliotia saini taarifa rasmi ya harakati ya Bring Back Our Girls pamoja na [[Oby Ezekwesili]], wakisisitiza umuhimu wa hatua za haraka za serikali wakati ambapo baadhi ya wasichana walikuwa bado hawajapatikana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bringbackourgirls.ng/?p=2853|title=Mr President, time to act is now|website=Bring Back Our Girls|access-date=12 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Mbali na harakati, Ozor ameanzisha Florence Ozor Foundation, shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalolenga kuwawezesha wanawake na wasichana kupitia programu za uongozi, elimu na maendeleo ya kijamii. Kupitia taasisi hii, ameendeleza juhudi za muda mrefu za kujenga uwezo wa wanawake kushiriki kikamilifu katika maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="gpf" /> Ameendelea kuwa mshiriki hai katika majukwaa ya kimataifa yanayohusu haki za wanawake na usawa wa kijinsia, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutoa hotuba katika mikutano ya kimataifa kama ule uliofanyika [[Brussels]] mwaka 2017. Kupitia majukwaa haya, amekuwa akisisitiza umuhimu wa sera jumuishi, elimu kwa wasichana, na uongozi wa wanawake katika Afrika na duniani kwa ujumla.<ref name="gpf" /> Kwa ujumla, kazi ya Florence Ozor inaakisi mchanganyiko wa uongozi, uanaharakati na mawasiliano ya kimkakati, unaolenga kuleta mabadiliko chanya katika maisha ya wanawake na wasichana. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] auak4aynagljfrmeln60y2nvxdresn2 Femi Claudius Cole 0 228808 1509507 1506414 2026-04-24T20:14:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Femi Claudius Cole''' (amezaliwa 1962) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Sierra Leone]]. Mwaka 2016 alianzisha chama cha Unity Party, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza nchini humo kuanzisha chama cha siasa. Mwaka 2018, alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kugombea urais wa [[Sierra Leone]], na pia ndiye mwanamke pekee aliyeongoza chama cha siasa nchini humo. == Maisha ya awali == Olufemi Claudius-Cole alizaliwa mwaka 1962 na wazazi wake Rosalind na Dkt. A.B. Claudius Cole, aliyekuwa daktari.<ref name="awoko">{{cite news|title=I will put premium on health and education – Femi Cole|url=http://awoko.org/2017/03/14/sierra-leone-news-i-will-put-premium-on-health-and-education-femi-cole/|work=Awoko Newspaper|access-date=13 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Wazazi wake walianzisha kliniki ya West End mjini [[Freetown]], ambayo ilitoa huduma za afya kwa jamii.<ref name="unitybio">{{cite web|url=http://www.unitypartysl.com/unity-party-leader/|title=Unity Party Leader|website=Unity Party SL|access-date=15 Juni 2018|archive-date=2019-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407144611/http://www.unitypartysl.com/unity-party-leader/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Akiwa amekulia katika familia yenye msingi wa huduma za afya, Cole alipata msukumo wa kusaidia jamii mapema maishani. Mazingira haya yalichangia kumjengea maadili ya huduma kwa watu, hasa katika sekta ya afya, ambayo baadaye ilikuja kuwa msingi wa kazi na maamuzi yake ya kisiasa. == Kazi == Cole alifanya kazi kama muuguzi kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini, akihudumu nchini [[Sierra Leone]] na pia nje ya nchi.<ref name="awoko" /><ref name="awoko2">{{cite news|title=Put tribalism to bed - Unity movement urges|url=http://awoko.org/2017/02/21/sierra-leone-news-put-tribalism-to-bed-unity-movement-urges/|work=Awoko Newspaper|access-date=13 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Alifika hadi kuwa mkuu wa wauguzi (chief matron) katika West End Clinic mjini [[Freetown]], ambapo alisimamia utoaji wa huduma za afya na uendeshaji wa kituo hicho.<ref name="concord">{{cite news|title=Lone Female Presidential Candidate Urges Issues-based Voting|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224110822/http://slconcordtimes.com/lone-female-presidential-candidate-urges-issues-based-voting/|work=Sierra Leone Concord Times|date=8 Novemba 2017|access-date=13 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Uzoefu wake katika sekta ya afya ulimfanya kushuhudia tofauti kubwa kati ya huduma za afya kwa matajiri na maskini, pamoja na viwango vya juu vya vifo vya akina mama na vifo vinavyoweza kuzuilika. Changamoto hizi zilimhamasisha kuingia katika siasa ili kushinikiza mabadiliko ya sera za afya na maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="awoko" /> Mwaka 2013, alifikiria kujiunga na chama cha siasa lakini hakupata chama kilichoendana na maono yake, jambo lililomsukuma kuanzisha jukwaa lake mwenyewe la kisiasa.<ref name="awoko" /> == Unity Party Sierra Leone == Claudius Cole alianzisha Unity Party mwezi Novemba 2016, kwa lengo la kuunganisha wananchi wa Sierra Leone bila kujali makabila yao na kushughulikia changamoto za kitaifa.<ref name="slct">{{cite web|url=http://slconcordtimes.com/female-presidential-candidate-rocks-western-rural-district/|title=Female Presidential Candidate Rocks Western Rural District|website=Sierra Leone Concord Times|date=14 Novemba 2017|access-date=15 Juni 2018|archive-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429093730/http://slconcordtimes.com/female-presidential-candidate-rocks-western-rural-district/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="awoko" /> Chama hicho kinalenga kuboresha sekta za elimu, afya, ajira, na biashara ya kimataifa, huku kikisisitiza umoja wa kitaifa na kupunguza migawanyiko ya kikabila.<ref name="awoko2" /><ref name="awoko3">{{cite news|title=Unity Party at last|url=http://awoko.org/2017/10/27/sierra-leone-news-unity-party-at-last/|work=Awoko Newspaper|access-date=13 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Chama kina ofisi katika miji ya [[Bo, Sierra Leone|Bo]], [[Kenema]] na [[Makeni]].<ref name="awoko2" /> Cole alianza kampeni yake ya urais kabla ya chama kusajiliwa rasmi mwaka 2017. Aligombea katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018, akiwa mwanamke pekee aliyeshiriki katika kinyang'anyiro hicho na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza katika historia ya nchi hiyo kugombea urais.<ref name="ayv">{{cite news|title=And they can make her the next President!|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114094632/http://ayvnews.com/AYVNews/index.php/opinion/item/4426-and-they-can-make-her-the-next-president|publisher=AYV Television|access-date=13 Novemba 2017}}</ref><ref name="concord" /> Kwa kushirikiana na West End Clinic, alianzisha mpango wa Unity Movement Sierra Leone, uliolenga kuwafikia wananchi kupitia huduma za afya za mkononi (mobile outreach), ukitoa matibabu ya magonjwa kama [[malaria]], shinikizo la damu, na [[kisukari]], pamoja na kuhamasisha ushiriki wa wananchi katika masuala ya uchaguzi na maendeleo.<ref name="upsl">{{cite web|url=https://www.gofundme.com/unity-movementsierra-leone|title=Unity Movement Sierra Leone|access-date=15 Juni 2018}}</ref> Mpango huu ulihusisha pia mikutano ya kijamii katika maeneo yaliyotengwa, ukilenga kuwapa wananchi sauti katika masuala ya kisiasa na maendeleo.<ref name="upsl" /> Cole alipata uungwaji mkono kutoka kwa viongozi wanawake kama Isata Jabbie Kabbah na Nemata Majeks-Walker, waliotambua mchango wake katika kukuza ushiriki wa wanawake katika siasa.<ref name="sem">{{cite web|url=http://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=83354|title=I J Kabbah Hails Female Presidential Candidate|website=Sierra Express Media|access-date=17 Juni 2018|archive-date=2018-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093326/http://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=83354|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2018, Unity Party ilipata asilimia 0.2 ya kura.<ref name="results">{{cite web|url=https://electiondata.io/sites/default/files/2018-03/march-7th-2018-final-presidential-result.pdf|title=2018 Election Results|website=Election Data|access-date=15 Juni 2018|archive-date=2018-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135653/https://electiondata.io/sites/default/files/2018-03/march-7th-2018-final-presidential-result.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Kupitia kazi yake, Claudius Cole ameendelea kuwa mfano wa uongozi wa wanawake katika siasa za Afrika Magharibi, akisisitiza umuhimu wa sera jumuishi, huduma bora za afya, na usawa wa kijinsia. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika]] cez5x7a2b1i646o58h52zsrb0sd28zz Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang 0 228875 1509563 1506576 2026-04-25T03:05:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang''' FGA (alizaliwa Novemba 22, 1951) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profile of Professor Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/profile-of-professor-naana-jane-opoku-agyemang/|accessdate=2019-03-16|work=News Ghana|date=17 January 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Jane-Naana-Opoku-Agyemang-2917|accessdate=2021-10-09|work=ghanaweb}}</ref> ni msomi na mwanasiasa wa Ghana ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama makamu wa nane wa rais wa Ghana chini ya Rais [[John Dramani Mahama|John Mahama]] tangu Januari 7, 2025. Hapo awali alihudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu kuanzia Februari 2013 hadi Januari 2017 chini ya utawala wa kwanza wa Rais Mahama. Yeye ni profesa wa fasihi, na alihudumu kama Makamu mkuu wa kwanza wa kike wa chuo kikuu cha serikali nchini Ghana . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-12-10|title=Ghana election results: Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang, Ghana first female vice president|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c3e31xq852qo|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Naana Jane Opoku-Agyeman|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1207|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905025906/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=1207|archivedate=5 September 2019|accessdate=2019-03-16|work=ghanaweb}}</ref> Alihudumu kama Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Wanawake barani Afrika nchini [[Zimbabwe]] kuanzia 2018 hadi kujiuzulu kwake Agosti 2024. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mutematsaka|first=Ronald|title=Current Chancellor|url=http://www.wua.ac.zw/index.php/current-chancellor|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=wua ac zimbabwe|language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1336411/prof-opoku-agyemang-resigns-as-chancellor-of-wome.html|title=Prof. Opoku-Agyemang Resigns as Chancellor of Women's University in Africa}}</ref> Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Ghana wa 2020, Opoku-Agyemang alichaguliwa na [[John Dramani Mahama|John Mahama]] kama mgombea mwenza wake kwa tiketi ya chama cha siasa cha National Democratic Congress (NDC). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Gadugah|first=Nathan|title=Nana Oye Lithur and four other ministers approved|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/442950/1/nana-oye-lithur-and-four-other-ministers-approved.html|publisher=MyJoyOnline|accessdate=12 February 2013|date=1 February 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nana Oye Lithur Approved by Appointments Committee|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=263834|work=General news|publisher=Ghana Home Page|accessdate=12 February 2013|date=1 February 2013}}</ref> Alichaguliwa tena kama mgombea mwenza wa Mahama mwaka wa 2024 na akashinda, na kuwa makamu wa rais wa kwanza mwanamke katika historia ya Ghana. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1951 huko [[Cape Coast]], Ghana, kama '''Jane Naana Sam.''' Alihudhuria Shule ya Wasichana ya Anglikana katika Shule ya Wasichana [[Koforidua|ya Koforidua]] na Aburi Presby. Kisha akapata elimu yake ya sekondari katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Wesley huko [[Cape Coast]], kuanzia 1964 hadi 1971. Alikamilisha Shahada yake ya Kwanza ya Udaktari (Hons) katika Kiingereza na Kifaransa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Coast]] mnamo 1977. Alipata Stashahada katika Masomo ya Juu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar mwaka 1980, na akapata shahada zake za uzamili na udaktari kutoka [[York University|Chuo Kikuu cha York]] huko [[Toronto]], Ontario, Kanada, mwaka 1986. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-06|title=Mahama picks Prof Naana Opoku-Agyemang as running mate|url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/featured/mahama-picks-prof-naana-opoku-agyemang-as-running-mate/2020/|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=GBC Ghana Online|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Opoku-Agyemang alifundisha na kufanya kazi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Coast]], kuanzia mwaka wa 1986. Ameshikilia nafasi mbalimbali za kitaaluma ikiwa ni pamoja na Mkuu wa Idara ya Kiingereza, Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sanaa, Msimamizi wa Adehye Hall, na Mkuu Mwanzilishi wa Shule ya Mafunzo na Utafiti wa Uzamili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-03-07|title=Profile of Prof Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/03/profile-of-prof-naana-jane-opoku-agyemang/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=Citinewsroom|language=en-US}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka wa 1997, ameshikilia nafasi ya Mkurugenzi wa Kitaaluma wa Shule ya Mafunzo ya Kimataifa katika Historia na Tamaduni za Waafrika Waliopo Ughaibuni. Kuanzia mwaka wa 2008 hadi 2012, alikuwa Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo Kikuu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jane Naana Opoku-Agyeman|url=https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/j/jane-naana-opoku-agyeman|accessdate=2026-03-04|work=World Bank Live|language=en}}</ref> . Alichukua wadhifa huo tarehe 1 Oktoba 2008, akimrithi [[Emmanuel Addow-Obeng]] . Mnamo Machi 2007, Opoku-Agyemang alikuwa mmoja wa wasomi watano waliochaguliwa kutoa mawasilisho wakati wa Maadhimisho ya Miaka 200 ya Kukomeshwa kwa [[Utumwa]] katika Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa [[Jiji la New York|jijini New York]] . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNITED NATIONS TO COMMEMORATE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF ABOLITION OF TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE, 26 MARCH {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2007/note6071.doc.htm|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=United nation}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2009, alichaguliwa kuwa mwakilishi wa Ghana katika bodi ya utendaji ya [[UNESCO|Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni]] (UNESCO). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ghana: NAGRAT supporter appointed as Education Minister|url=https://www.worldsofeducation.org/en/detail/2112/ghana-nagrat-supporter-appointed-as-education-minister|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=Education International|date=16 January 2013|language=en}}</ref> Kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu wa 2012, Opoku-Agyemang aliongoza mjadala na Kojo Oppong Nkrumah . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=30 October 2012|title=IEA Presidential Debate: Who Stood Out?|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/IEA-Presidential-Debate-Who-Stood-Out-254830|accessdate=2019-03-16|work=ghanaweb|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 26 Oktoba 2018, akawa Chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Wanawake barani Afrika kilichopo [[Zimbabwe]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=First female chancellor of Women's University in Africa|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20181123121811933|accessdate=2020-11-28|work=University World News}}</ref> Amehudumu katika bodi na kamati nyingi za ndani na za kimataifa kama vile Kituo cha Utawala wa Kidemokrasia, (CDD-Ghana), <ref name="ChicagoCouncil">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Centre for Democratic Governance (CDD-Ghana)|url=https://www.cddgh.org/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=20 January 2020|publisher=Centre for Democratic Governance - Ghana}}</ref> bodi ya wahariri ya Mfululizo wa Harriet Tubman kuhusu Ughaibuni wa Afrika (Africa World Press Inc. USA), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|work=Bloomsbury|title=The Harriet Tubman Series on the African Diaspora|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/series/the-harriet-tubman-series-on-the-african-diaspora/|accessdate=2021-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mpango wa Afrika nchini [[Kanada]], na Chuo cha Madaktari na Madaktari Bingwa wa Upasuaji kama Raia Mashuhuri. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Naana Jane Opoku-Agyemang|url=https://www.worldlearninginc.org/biography/naana-jane-opoku-agyemang/|accessdate=2020-04-22|work=World Learning Inc.|archive-date=2024-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115034550/https://www.worldlearninginc.org/biography/naana-jane-opoku-agyemang/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uandishi == Profesa Opoku-Agyemang ni mwandishi. Maeneo yake ya kuzingatia ni pamoja na Fasihi inayopendezwa sana na Wanawake kutoka [[Ghana]], Fasihi simulizi nchini [[Ghana]] na [[Afrika]], na Ujuzi wa Mawasiliano na Masuala katika Diaspora ya Afrika. Kama msomi, ameandika na kuchapisha katika majarida ya kitaaluma na kuwasilisha makala katika mikutano mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na katika Maadhimisho ya Miaka 200 ya Kukomeshwa kwa [[Utumwa]] katika Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa [[Jiji la New York|jijini New York]] <ref name=":12">{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNITED NATIONS TO COMMEMORATE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF ABOLITION OF TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE, 26 MARCH {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2007/note6071.doc.htm|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=United nation}}</ref> na katika Hotuba ya Uzinduzi kwa Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi cha Ghana. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] epicobtvwhketx42h1dcfg37wn5gm8m Fisani Shabangu 0 228925 1509509 1506642 2026-04-24T20:30:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fisani Lillian Shabangu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini na Mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa kwa tiketi ya chama cha African National Congress (ANC). Alichaguliwa kuingia katika Bunge la Taifa la Afrika Kusini kupitia uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ms Fisani Lillian Shabangu - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5365|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710124651/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5365|archive-date=2024-07-10|access-date=2026-01-02|website=www.parliament.gov.za|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] gwdm45eiglcwlb0kfonzkp846h7v8du Constance Seoposengwe 0 228929 1509473 1506667 2026-04-24T14:41:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constance Seoposengwe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa zamani dhidi ya ubaguzi wa rangi (anti-apartheid), na mwanadiplomasia. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha African National Congress (ANC). Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Kamishna Mkuu wa Afrika Kusini nchini Lesotho. Kabla ya nafasi hiyo ya kidiplomasia, aliwahi kuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIS MAJESTY APPLAUDS SA OVER REFORMS – Government Of Lesotho|work=Government Of Lesotho|date=18 August 2022|url=https://www.gov.ls/his-majesty-applauds-sa-over-reforms/|access-date=2022-11-20|language=en-US|last1=Mohau|first1=Nkoateleng|archive-date=2022-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120202541/https://www.gov.ls/his-majesty-applauds-sa-over-reforms/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] cubt7glw08desi76klih1anojsoz77m Funke Bucknor-Obruthe 0 228985 1509517 1506942 2026-04-24T21:20:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Funke Bucknor-Obruthe''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni|Juni 27,]] [[1976]]) <ref>''Yemisi Sophie Odusanya (27 June 2016).'' "Funke Bucknor-Obruthe Is STUNNING At 40!"''. Cosmopolitan. Retrieved 1 December 2016''</ref> ni mjasiriamali na mwanasheria kutoka Nigeria. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Zaphaire Events na anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wapangaji wa matukio waanzilishi wa Nigeria. <ref>''Wole Adepoju (3 July 2016).'' "Funke Bucknor Obruthe counts her blessings at 40"''. New Telegraph. Archived from'' the original ''on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.''</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Bucknor-Obruthe alizaliwa kwa [[Segun Bucknor|Segun]] na Shola Bucknor katika [[Jimbo la Lagos]], Kusini Magharibi mwa Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://businessinnigeria.com.ng/funke-bucknor-obruthe/|title=Funke Bucknor-Obruthe|work=businessinnigeria|author=|date=5 June 2015|accessdate=1 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201222944/http://businessinnigeria.com.ng/funke-bucknor-obruthe/|archivedate=1 December 2016}}</ref> Alianza elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari katika Shule ya Wauguzi na Msingi ya Fountain, [[Lagos]], na Shule ya Upili ya Jeshi la Wanamaji la Nigeria, Lagos, kabla ya kuendelea kusoma Sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://uncova.com/i-dont-regret-not-having-a-brother-funke-bucknor-obruthe|title=I don't regret not having a brother —Funke Bucknor-Obruthe|work=[[The Punch|The Punch News]]|publisher=uncova.com|author=|date=9 August 2015|accessdate=1 December 2016|archive-date=2016-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035205/http://uncova.com/i-dont-regret-not-having-a-brother-funke-bucknor-obruthe|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo 2000, aliitwa kuwa mwanasheria baada ya kuhudhuria Shule ya Sheria ya Nigeria huko [[Abuja]] . <ref name="va">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://venturesafrica.com/master-event-planner-funke-bucknor-obruthe-shares-her-journey/|title=Master Event Planner, Funke Bucknor-Obruthe And Her Passion For Planning|work=Ventures Africa|author=Folake Soetan|date=2 December 2012|accessdate=1 December 2016}}</ref> == Kazi == Baada ya kufanya kazi ya sheria kwa muda mfupi, Bucknor-Obruthe aliajiriwa katika Tie Communications, wakala wa matangazo, ambapo alifanya kazi kwa muda mfupi. Mnamo 2003, mapenzi yake kwa upangaji wa matukio yalimfanya aanzishe Zaphaire Events, kampuni huru ya upangaji wa matukio. <ref name="va2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://venturesafrica.com/master-event-planner-funke-bucknor-obruthe-shares-her-journey/|title=Master Event Planner, Funke Bucknor-Obruthe And Her Passion For Planning|work=Ventures Africa|author=Folake Soetan|date=2 December 2012|accessdate=1 December 2016}}</ref> Tangu wakati huo ameendelea kupanga na kuandaa matukio kadhaa ya hadhi ya juu ndani na nje ya Nigeria na ameshinda tuzo na kutambuliwa ikiwa ni pamoja na kuangaziwa katika ''Inside Africa'' ya [[CNN]] kwa kupanga harusi ya kifalme ya Nigeria. <ref name="va2" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://afrikangoddessmag.com/2013/03/18/touring-zapphaire-events-with-funke-bucknor-obruthe/|title=Touring Zapphaire Events with Funke Bucknor-Obruthe|work=afrikangoddessmag.com|date=18 March 2013|accessdate=1 December 2016|archivedate=1 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201213809/http://afrikangoddessmag.com/2013/03/18/touring-zapphaire-events-with-funke-bucknor-obruthe/}}</ref> Baadhi ya haya ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Baadaye ya "Mjasiriamali wa Mwaka" (2006), Tuzo ''ya Jarida la Mpangaji wa Harusi'' kwa "Mpangaji wa Harusi wa Mwaka" (2007), Tuzo za Mafanikio ya Maisha ya Go2girl (2011), Tuzo za Matukio ya Nigeria kwa Mchango Bora kwa Sekta ya Matukio (2012). Mnamo 2014, jarida la mtandaoni la Nigeria, ''[[YNaija|YNaija,]]'' lilimtaja Bucknor-Obruthe katika "Wanafunzi 10 Wenye Nguvu Zaidi Chini ya Miaka 40 Katika Biashara". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://ynaija.com/tara-fela-durotoye-tayo-oviosu-funke-bucknor-more-we-present-the-10-most-powerful-under-40s-in-business-ynaijapowerlist/|title=Tara Fela-Durotoye, Tayo Oviosu, Funke Bucknor & more! We present the 10 most powerful Under-40s in Business – #YNaijaPowerList|work=[[YNaija]]|author=Wilfred Okiche|date=31 March 2014|accessdate=1 December 2016}}</ref> Mnamo 2016, aliorodheshwa katika mfululizo wa ''[[100 Women (BBC)|Wanawake 100]]'' wa [[BBC]] . Bucknor-Obruthe ameolewa na Onome Obruthe, ambaye ana watoto wawili naye. Yeye ni dada mkubwa wa marehemu mtangazaji wa habari wa Nigeria Tosyn Bucknor . <ref>''Sean (30 June 2016).'' "Funke Bucknor-Obruthe celebrates her Husband on his birthday today Says: 'My Hubby of life, friend, partner & gbogbo e sha'"''. Daily Mail (Nigeria). Archived from'' the original ''on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 Decembe''</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria]] gygr1je4nte27t1dnpgwixzk8oriuw8 Diskografia ya Nas 0 229257 1509484 1507409 2026-04-24T16:28:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Diskografia ya msanii | msanii = [[Nas]] | picha = | maelezo_picha = Nas akitumbuiza | studio = 17 | ushirikiano = 1 | kikundi = 1 | makusanyo = 5 | mixtapes = 4 | ep = 1 | single = 79 | video = 3 | mauzo = Nakala milioni 35+ duniani kote | tuzo = Grammy 1, Tuzo za BET }} Orodha ya kazi za [[Nas]], rapa kutoka nchini Marekani, inajumuisha albamu za studio kumi na saba, albamu moja ya ushirikiano, albamu moja ya kikundi, makusanyo matano, mixtapes nne, EP moja, na single sabini na tisa. Nas ameuza zaidi ya rekodi milioni 20 nchini Marekani pekee, na albamu milioni 35 duniani kote.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nas-announces-first-album-release-in-three-years-6546186/|title=Nas Announces First Album Release in Three Years|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Birchmeier|first=Jason|title=Nas > Biography|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/nas-mn0000315414/biography|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=June 17, 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Gold & Platinum: Nas|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Nas|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|access-date=May 7, 2012}}</ref> == Albamu == === Albamu za studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu za studio, pamoja na nafasi za juu kwenye chati, takwimu za mauzo na vyeti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Kichwa ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;" | Maelezo ya albamu ! scope="col" colspan="10" | Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | [[List of music recording certifications|Vyeti]] |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|Marekani]]<br /><ref name="US200">{{cite magazine|title=Nas Chart History: Billboard 200|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/tlp/|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 26, 2023}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|Marekani<br />R&B/<br />HH]]<br /><ref name="USR&BAl">{{cite magazine|title=Nas Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/blp/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 26, 2023}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[ARIA Charts|Australia]]<br /><ref name="aus">Australian (ARIA) chart peaks: *Top 50 peaks, other than specified: {{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|title=australian-charts.com > Nas in Australian Charts|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=April 30, 2020}} *Top 100 peaks to December 2010: {{cite book|last=Ryan|first=Gavin|title=Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010|year=2011|publisher=Moonlight Publishing|location=Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia|edition=PDF|page=199}} *"If I Ruled the World (Imagine That)": {{cite web|url=https://i.imgur.com/dx7woKW.jpg|title=The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 22 Sep 1996|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]]|via=Imgur.com|access-date=April 30, 2020}} N.B. The HP column indicates the highest position reached. *"Thank God I Found You": {{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey|title=australian-charts.com > Mariah Carey in Australian Charts|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=April 30, 2020}} *"I'm Gonna Be Alright": {{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Jennifer+Lopez|title=australian-charts.com > Jennifer Lopez in Australian Charts|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=April 30, 2020}} *"Free": {{cite web|url=https://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rudimental|title=australian-charts.com > Rudimental in Australian Charts|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=April 30, 2020}} *''Nasir'' and ''King's Disease'': {{cite magazine|title=The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 31 August 2020|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|issue=1591|date=August 31, 2020}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|Kanada]]<br /><ref name="CANAl">Peak chart positions for albums in Canada: * All except noted: {{cite magazine|title=Nas Chart History: Canadian Albums|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/cna/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=November 22, 2022}} ...</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|Ufaransa]]<br /><ref name="FRA">{{cite web|title=Discographie Nas|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|work=lescharts.com|access-date=May 7, 2012|language=fr}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment charts|Ujerumani]]<br /><ref name="GERAl">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Nas|title=Discographie von Nas|publisher=GfK Entertainment|access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Dutch Album Top 100|Uholanzi]]<br /><ref name="NL">{{cite web|title=Discografie Nas|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|work=dutchcharts.nl|access-date=November 9, 2024|language=nl}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[VG-lista|Norway]]<br /><ref name="NOR">{{cite web|title=Discography Nas|url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|work=norwegiancharts.com|access-date=May 7, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|Uswisi]]<br /><ref name="SWI">{{cite web|title=Discographie Nas|url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|work=hitparade.ch|access-date=May 7, 2012|language=de}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|Uingereza]]<br /><ref name="UKAl">Peak chart positions for albums in the United Kingdom: * All except ''Nastradamus'', ''Stillmatic'', ''The Lost Tapes'' and ''Greatest Hits'': {{cite web|title=Nas|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21984/nas/|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=June 23, 2018|format=select "Albums" tab}} ...</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Illmatic]]'' | * Ilitolewa: 19 Aprili 1994 * Lebo: [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * Mfumo: [[Compact disc|CD]], [[LP record|LP]], [[Cassette tape|kanda]], [[Music download|upakuaji wa kidijitali]] | 12 || 2 || — || 52 || 151 || — || 35 || — || — || 57 | * Marekani: 1,654,000{{efn|group=upper-alpha|Mauzo kufikia 2014.|name=2014Sales}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Hip Hop Album Sales: Week Ending 04/20/2014|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.28421/title.hip-hop-album-sales-week-ending-04-20-2014 |work=[[Hip Hop DX]] |date=April 23, 2014 |access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Platinamu 2×<ref name="RIAA"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: Platinamu * [[Music Canada|MC]]: Dhahabu * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: Dhahabu |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:90%"| "—" inaonyesha rekodi ambayo haikuingia kwenye chati au haikutolewa katika eneo hilo.<br /> * - inaonyesha haikustahiki chati ya Rap Albums kabla ya kuanzishwa mwaka 2004 |} ===Albamu za mkusanyiko=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu za mkusanyiko, pamoja na nafasi za juu kwenye chati, takwimu za mauzo na vyeti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Kichwa ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;" | Maelezo ya albamu ! scope="col" colspan="7" | Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Vyeti |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|Marekani]]<br /><ref name="US200"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|Marekani<br />R&B/<br />HH]]<br /><ref name="USR&BAl"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Top Rap Albums|Marekani<br />Rap]]<br /><ref name="USRapAl">{{cite magazine|title=Nas Chart History: Rap Albums|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/rlp/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|Ufaransa]]<br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[MegaCharts|Uholanzi]]<br /><ref name="NL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|Uswisi]]<br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Albums Chart|Uingereza]]<br /><ref name="UKAl"/> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Nas & Ill Will Records Presents QB's Finest]]''<br /><small>(pamoja na [[Ill Will Records]])</small> | * Ilitolewa: 21 Novemba 2000 * Lebo: Ill Will, Columbia * Mfumo: CD, LP, kanda, upakuaji wa kidijitali | 53 || 10 || — || — || — || — || — | * | * |- ! scope="row"| ''[[The Lost Tapes (Nas album)|The Lost Tapes]]'' | * Ilitolewa: 24 Septemba 2002 * Lebo: Ill Will, Columbia * Mfumo: CD, LP, kanda, upakuaji wa kidijitali | 10 || 3 || — || 104 || — || 50 || 124 | * Marekani: 361,000<ref group=upper-alpha name="2014Sales"/><ref name="USsales"/> | |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Greatest Hits (Nas album)|Greatest Hits]]'' | * Ilitolewa: 6 Novemba 2007 * Lebo: Columbia * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | 124 || 20 || 11 || — || — || — || 150 | * Marekani: 25,000<ref group=upper-alpha name="2008Sales"/><ref name="More Than Words">[https://books.google.com/books?id=gRQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33 "More Than Words"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' ([[Nielsen Business Media]]) 120 (27): 33. Retrieved August 12, 2011.</ref> | * BPI: Dhahabu<ref>{{Cite certification|region=United Kingdom|artist=Nas|title=Greatest Hits|id=2649-1231-2|access-date=November 20, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''The Essential Nas'' | * Ilitolewa: 20 Agosti 2013 * Lebo: [[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]], Columbia * Mfumo: CD, upakuaji wa kidijitali | — || 57 || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| ''[[The Lost Tapes 2]]'' | * Ilitolewa: 19 Julai 2019 * Lebo: Mass Appeal, Def Jam * Mfumo: CD, LP, kanda, upakuaji wa kidijitali | 10 || 7 || 4 || 177<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/tops-semaine/top-album-megafusion/?ye=2019&we=30|title=Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums Fusionnes – SNEP (Week 30, 2019)|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|language=fr|access-date=July 30, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 95 || 34 || — | * Marekani: 12,000<ref name="LT2 BB200">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/ed-sheeran-no-6-collaborations-billboard-200-albums-chart-no-1-second-week/|title=Ed Sheeran's 'No. 6' Spends Second Week at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Albums Chart, Beyonce & Nas Bow in Top 10|magazine=Billboard|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|date=July 28, 2019|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref> | |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:90%"| "—" inaonyesha rekodi ambayo haikuingia kwenye chati au haikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} == Single == === Kama msanii mkuu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single, zikiambatana na nafasi kwenye chati na vyeti, ikionyesha mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;" | Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10" | Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | [[Cheti cha mauzo ya muziki|Vyeti]] ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /><ref name="USsin">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/hsi/|title=Nas Chart History: Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|US<br />R&B/<br />HH]]<br /><ref name="USR&B/HH">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/bsi/|title=Nas Chart History: Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Hot Rap Songs|US<br />Rap]]<br /><ref name="USRap">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/nas/chart-history/rap/|title=Nas Chart History: Hot Rap Songs|magazine=Billboard|access-date=August 17, 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref name="aus" /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br /><ref name="GERsin">{{cite web|title=Chartverfolgung / Nas / Single|url=http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Nas/18561/single|work=musicline.de|access-date=June 8, 2012|language=de|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100057/http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Nas/18561/single|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Single Top 100|NLD]]<br /><ref name="NL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ]]<br /><ref name="NZ">{{cite web|title=Discography Nas|url=https://charts.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Nas|work=charts.nz|access-date=June 8, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]<br /><ref name="UKsin">Nafasi za juu kwa single nchini Uingereza...</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Halftime (song)|Halftime]]"<br />{{small|(kama Nasty Nas)}} | 1992 | — || 25 || 8 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | [[Zebrahead (soundtrack)|''Zebrahead'' (Soundtrack)]] /''[[Illmatic]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[It Ain't Hard to Tell]]" | rowspan="4"| 1994 | 91 || 57 || 13 || — || — || — || — || — || — || 64 | | rowspan="4"| ''Illmatic'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[The World Is Yours (Nas song)|The World Is Yours]]" | — || 67 || 27 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | * [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> * [[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]]: Silver * [[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]]: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[Life's a Bitch (song)|Life's a Bitch]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(akimshirikisha [[AZ (rapper)|AZ]] na [[Olu Dara]])</span> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[One Love (Nas song)|One Love]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(akimshirikisha [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]])</span> | — || — || 24 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "[[If I Ruled the World (Imagine That)]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(akimshirikisha [[Lauryn Hill]])</span> |rowspan="3"|1996 | 53 || 17 || 15 || 100 || 4 || 4 || 9 || 2 || 7 || 12 | * BPI: Silver * RIAA: Platinum * [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]]: Gold * [[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|BVMI]]: Gold * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="3"| ''[[It Was Written]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Street Dreams (song)|Street Dreams]]" | 22 || 18 || 1 || — || — || — || — || 39 || — || 12 | * RIAA: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "[[The Message (Nas song)|The Message]]" | — || — || — || — || 19 || — || — || — || — || — | * RMNZ: Gold |} === Single za ushirikiano === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single, zikiambatana na nafasi kwenye chati, ikionyesha mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="6"| Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US R&B ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US Rap ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| GER ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| NLD ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| UK |- ! scope="row"| "[[East Coast West Coast Killas]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[RBX]], [[KRS-One]] na [[B-Real]])</span> | 1996 | — || — || — || — || — || — | ''[[Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Oochie Wally]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Bravehearts]])</span> | 2001 | 26 || 11 || 2 || — || 11 || 30 | ''Nas & Ill Will Records Presents QB's Finest'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[As We Enter]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Damian Marley]])</span> | 2010 | — || — || — || — || — || 39 | ''[[Distant Relatives]]'' |} === Kama msanii aliyeshirikishwa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya single, zikiambatana na nafasi kwenye chati na vyeti, ikionyesha mwaka uliotolewa na jina la albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;" | Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="5" | Nafasi za juu kwenye chati ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;" | Vyeti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US R&B ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| US Rap ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| AUS ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| UK |- ! scope="row"| "[[Fast Life (Kool G Rap song)|Fast Life]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Kool G Rap]] akimshirikisha Nas)</span> | 1995 | 74 || 42 || 7 || — || — | | ''[[4,5,6]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Hot Boyz (song)|Hot Boyz]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Missy Elliott]] akimshirikisha [[Lil' Mo]], Nas, [[Eve (entertainer)|Eve]] na [[Q-Tip (musician)|Q-Tip]])</span> | 1999 | 5 || 1 || 1 || — || 18 | * RIAA: Platinum | ''[[Da Real World]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "[[Thugz Mansion]]"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Tupac Shakur|2Pac]] akimshirikisha Nas na J. Phoenix)</span> | 2002 | 19 || 10 || 4 || 26 || 24 | * RMNZ: Platinum | ''[[Better Dayz]]'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%"| "—" inamaanisha rekodi ambayo haikuingia kwenye chati au haikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Nas]] [[Jamii:Diskografia za wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Diskografia|Nas]] 3ignbhvvomr6v5ans3o8umk5hp8r95f Chinelo Okparanta 0 229292 1509457 1507464 2026-04-24T13:39:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chinelo''' (alizaliwa 1981) ni mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa [[Hekaya|hadithi fupi]] kutoka Nigeria na Marekani . <ref>Mythili Rao, [https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/08/19/chinelo-okparanta-champion-of-the-stifled.html "Chinelo Okparanta: Champion of the Stifled"]. ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', August 19, 2013.</ref> Alizaliwa [[Port Harcourt]], [[Nigeria]], ambapo alilelewa <ref name="iowa">Rae Winkelstein-Duveneck, [http://www.iowareview.org/blog/religion-bible-and-personal-morality-interview-chinelo-okparanta "Religion, The Bible, and Personal Morality: An Interview with Chinelo Okparanta"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iowareview.org/blog/religion-bible-and-personal-morality-interview-chinelo-okparanta |date=20160107005931 }}, ''[[The Iowa Review]]'', March 19, 2013.</ref> hadi alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 10, alipohamia [[Marekani]] na familia yake. <ref>Ligaya Mishan, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/books/review/happiness-like-water-by-chinelo-okparanta.html "How She Left: 'Happiness, Like Water,' by Chinelo Okparanta"] (review), ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'', September 15, 2013.</ref> Alikua kama Shahidi wa Yehova, na mwaka wa 2012 aliangaziwa kama mmoja wa ''Granta'' ’s New Voices. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chinelo Okparanta {{!}} Bookreporter.com|url=https://www.bookreporter.com/authors/chinelo-okparanta|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=www.bookreporter.com|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Chinelo Okparanta alizaliwa Port Harcourt, Nigeria, na akiwa na umri wa miaka 10 alihamia Marekani na familia yake. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Pennsylvania ( Chuo cha Schreyer Honors ), Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers na Warsha ya Waandishi ya Iowa . <ref name="iowa2">Rae Winkelstein-Duveneck, [http://www.iowareview.org/blog/religion-bible-and-personal-morality-interview-chinelo-okparanta "Religion, The Bible, and Personal Morality: An Interview with Chinelo Okparanta"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iowareview.org/blog/religion-bible-and-personal-morality-interview-chinelo-okparanta |date=20160107005931 }}, ''[[The Iowa Review]]'', March 19, 2013.</ref> Okparanta amechapisha hadithi fupi katika machapisho ikiwa ni pamoja na ''Granta'', <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chinelo Okparanta|url=https://granta.com/contributor/chinelo-okparanta/|work=Granta|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> ''The New Yorker'', ''Tin House'', ''The Kenyon Review'', ''The Southern Review'', ''TriQuarterly'', ''Conjunctions'', ''Subtropics'' na ''The Coffin Factory'' . Insha zake zimeonekana katika ''Harper's Bazaar, Literary Hub, AGNI'', The Story Prize blog, na blogu ya Programu ya Uandishi ya Kimataifa ya Chuo Kikuu cha Iowa . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Books to read and see. Under the Udala Trees by Chinelo Okparanta.⁠|url=https://www.coachabilityfoundation.org/post/books-to-read-and-see-under-the-udala-trees-by-chinelo-okparantae281a0|author=Munllonch|first=Montse Domínguez i|date=2019-07-11|work=misitio|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> Okparanta amefanya masomo ya ushirika au uprofesa wa kutembelea katika Chuo Kikuu cha Iowa, Chuo Kikuu cha Colgate, Chuo Kikuu cha Purdue, Chuo cha Jiji cha New York, na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New Voices in Fiction Reading by Chinelo Okparanta {{!}} UChicago Arts {{!}} The University of Chicago|url=https://arts.uchicago.edu/event/new-voices-fiction-reading-chinelo-okparanta|work=arts.uchicago.edu|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> Alikuwa profesa msaidizi wa Uandishi wa Kiingereza na Ubunifu (Hadithi) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bucknell, ambapo pia alikuwa Mtafiti wa Kitivo cha C. Graydon & Mary E. Rogers pamoja na Profesa Margaret Hollinshead Ley katika Ushairi na Uandishi wa Ubunifu hadi 2021. Kwa sasa ni profesa msaidizi wa Kiingereza na Mkurugenzi wa Programu katika Uandishi wa Ubunifu katika Chuo cha Swarthmore . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Swarthmore College Bulletin - Course Catalog. English Literature.|url=https://catalog.swarthmore.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=7&poid=263|accessdate=2021-07-07}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza wa hadithi fupi, ''Happiness, Like Water'' (Granta Books na Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ), uliorodheshwa kwa muda mrefu kwa Tuzo ya Hadithi Fupi ya Kimataifa ya Frank O'Connor ya 2013, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chinelo Okparanta: Interview|url=https://mosaicmagazine.org/chinelo-okparanta-interview/|authorlink=Nicole Dennis-Benn|first=Nicole Y.|author=Dennis-Benn|date=2014-07-22|work=Mosaic Literary Magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> ikiwa imefika fainali kwa Tuzo ya Hadithi Fupi ya Vijana wa Lions ya Maktaba ya Umma ya New York ya 2014, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Poetry and Prose February 20 {{!}} University of Houston Libraries|url=https://libraries.uh.edu/about/news/poetry-and-prose-february-20/|author=Services|first=UH Libraries Web|date=February 13, 2019|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024061257/https://libraries.uh.edu/about/news/poetry-and-prose-february-20/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na ilishinda Tuzo ya Fasihi ya Lambda ya 2014 kwa Hadithi za Wasagaji . Ameteuliwa kwa Ushirika wa Wasanii wa Marekani <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chinelo Okparanta|url=https://pen.org/user/chinelookparanta/|date=2014-03-07|work=PEN America|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> na alikuwa amefika fainali kwa Tuzo ya Rolex Mentor na Protégé Arts Initiative in Fasihi ya 2014. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lambda Literary Leadership Archives {{!}} Lambda Literary|date=July 17, 2018|url=https://www.lambdaliterary.org/team_member_position/lambda-literary-leadership/|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Heshima zingine ni pamoja na Tuzo ya Waandishi wa Jumuiya ya Midland ya 2013 (iliyofika fainali), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Celebrated young author to speak at PSU|url=https://pittstate.edu/news/2014/10/celebrated-young-author-to-speak-at-psu.html|work=pittstate|language=en|date=October 7, 2014|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> Tuzo ya Caine ya 2013 kwa Uandishi wa Kiafrika (iliyofika fainali), na zaidi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Brown, Keira|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821121727/http://forbookssake.net/2013/07/16/the-missing-women-of-the-caine-prize/|url=http://forbookssake.net/2013/07/16/the-missing-women-of-the-caine-prize/|title=The Missing Women of the Caine Prize|work=For Books' Sake|date=July 16, 2013|archivedate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> Hadithi yake fupi "Fairness" ilijumuishwa mwaka wa 2014 katika The PEN/O. Hadithi za Tuzo za Henry, miongoni mwa hadithi fupi 20 za mwaka huu. <ref>[https://www.randomhouse.com/anchor/ohenry/spotlight/okparanta.html "The O. Henry Prize Stories {{!}} Chinelo Okparanto"], ''Author Spotlight'', Random House.</ref> ''Under the Udala Trees'' pia ilishinda Tuzo ya Kitabu cha Jessie Redmon Fauset cha 2016 katika Hadithi za Kubuni <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Clarke's Books|url=http://www.clarkesbooks.co.za/books/browse/6|work=www.clarkesbooks.co.za|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=February 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224075024/http://www.clarkesbooks.co.za/books/browse/6}}</ref> na ilikuwa Uteuzi wa Mradi wa Amelia Bloomer wa 2017 wa Chama cha Maktaba ya Marekani . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2018 Permafrost Book Prize in Fiction – Permafrost Magazine|url=https://permafrostmag.uaf.edu/2018-permafrost-book-prize-in-fiction/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-30}}</ref> Pia iliorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Fasihi ya Kimataifa ya Dublin ya 2017. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Under the Udala Trees {{!}} 2017 shortlist!|date=September 3, 2019|publisher=International Dublin Literary Award|url=https://dublinliteraryaward.ie/books/under-the-udala-trees/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-30}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] si9dtjgeahigrw6ci2cqoko8kyxkjv8 Funmi Falana 0 229315 1509518 1507490 2026-04-24T21:21:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Funmi Falan''' ni mwanasheria na mwanaharakati wa [[Haki za wanawake|haki za wanawake]] kutoka Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thebreakingtimes.com/another-14-year-old-lucy-ejeh-kidnapped-converted-to-islam-in-zamfara/|title=Another 14 Year Old, Lucy Ejeh, Kidnapped Converted to Islam in Zamfara|work=The Breaking Times|date=17 March 2016|accessdate=20 June 2016|archivedate=29 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529020756/http://www.thebreakingtimes.com/another-14-year-old-lucy-ejeh-kidnapped-converted-to-islam-in-zamfara/|url-status=deviated}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi na elimu == Funmi Falana<ref>{{cite news|date=7 March 2016|title=Let's Have Gender Justice Now, By Funmi Falana|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/123609-lets-have-gender-justice-now-by-funmi-falana.html|accessdate=20 June 2016|newspaper=Premium Times}}</ref> ni mke wa Femi Falana, mwanaharakati na mwanasheria wa Nigeria;<ref>{{cite news|last=Ndaji|first=Simeon|date=5 August 2012|title=Femi Falana left me at the mercy of judges – Funmi, wife|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/femi-falana-left-me-at-the-mercy-of-judges-funmiwife/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=20 June 2016|newspaper=Vanguard}}</ref> na mama wa [[Falz]], msanii wa kurekodi na [[muigizaji]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Badmus|first=Kayode|date=5 November 2015|title=Falz! Why Femi Falana's son is a legally Bad Guy|url=https://thenet.ng/falz-why-femi-falanas-son-is-a-legally-bad-guy/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=20 June 2016|newspaper=The NET}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika mfumo wa kifalme wa jadi wa Nigeria (Nigerian chieftaincy system), akiwa mwanachama wa nasaba tawala ya Iralepo wa Isinkan.<ref name="crown">{{cite web|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ariyomo-funmi-falana-aguda-akpovie-others-receive-royal-accolades/|title=Ariyomo, Funmi Falana, Aguda, Akpovie, others receive royal accolades|website=tvcnews.tv|accessdate=February 5, 2026}}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya Wasichana ya St. Louis Grammar School, Akure, Jimbo la Ondo.<ref name="punchng">{{cite news|date=2020-04-12|title=How I met my husband — Funmi Falana|url=https://punchng.com/a-lawyer-is-the-best-spouse-to-have-funmi-falana/|access-date=2021-06-05|newspaper=The Punch|language=en-US}}</ref> Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya fizikia katika [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Chuo Kikuu cha Benin]], na baadaye shahada ya sheria (LL.B) katika University of Lagos. Pia alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sheria (LL.M) katika chuo hicho.<ref name="falana">{{cite web|title=Mrs. Funmi Falana|url=https://falanafalana.com.ng/teammate/funmi-falana/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Falana & Falana Chambers|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2024, alipokea cheo cha jadi kutoka jamii ya Isinkan.<ref name="crown" /> == Kazi == Funmi Falana ni Mkurugenzi wa Kitaifa wa Women Empowerment and Legal Aid (WELA), [[shirika lisilo la kiserikali]] linalotetea haki za wanawake na watoto.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/falana-alert-fg-of-abduction-of-another-teenager-in-zamfara/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Falana alert FG of abduction of another teenager in Zamfara|last=Olabiyi|first=Lukmon|date=5 March 2016|accessdate=20 June 2016|newspaper=The Sun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.championnews.com.ng/women-marginalization-must-stop-funmi-falana/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Women marginalization must stop – Funmi Falana|author=Prince Joshua|date=17 March 2016|accessdate=20 June 2016|archivedate=1 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501205719/http://www.championnews.com.ng/women-marginalization-must-stop-funmi-falana/|url-status=deviated|newspaper=Daily Champion}}</ref> Ni mwanachama wa vyama mbalimbali vya kitaaluma ikiwa ni pamoja na Nigerian Bar Association,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Bar_Association|title=Nigerian Bar Association}}</ref> West African Bar Association,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://achpr.au.int/en/ngos/west-african-bar-association-waba|title=West African Bar Association}}</ref> International Bar Association,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibanet.org/|title=International Bar Association}}</ref> na Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.<ref name="falana"/> == Uongozi na uanaharakati == Katika nafasi yake WELA, hushiriki kikamilifu katika uanaharakati wa haki za wanawake. Ameongoza kampeni dhidi ya ubakaji, ubaguzi dhidi ya wanawake, ushiriki wa wanawake katika siasa pamoja na masuala ya sera na maamuzi.<ref name="punchng"/> Kupitia shirika lake, alipinga Kanuni ya 124 ya Sheria ya Polisi iliyowazuia maafisa wanawake kuolewa hadi baada ya miaka mitatu ya huduma. Mahakama ilitangaza kifungu hicho kuwa kinyume cha katiba na chenye ubaguzi dhidi ya wanawake, hivyo kikafutwa.<ref name="punchng" /> Katika barua ya tarehe 28 Januari 2021 yenye kichwa ''“Request To Recall Dismissed Pregnant Police Officer”'', alimwomba Inspekta Jenerali wa Polisi Ibrahim Adamu<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npf.gov.ng/news/details/618|title=Nigeria Police Force News}}</ref> kumrejesha kazini Koplo Olajide Omotola wa Polisi wa Jimbo la Ekiti aliyefukuzwa kazi kwa kupata ujauzito nje ya ndoa.<ref name="thenation">{{cite news|date=2021-02-02|title='Reinstate dismissed pregnant police woman or face legal action'|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/reinstate-dismissed-pregnant-police-woman-or-face-legal-action/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-06-05|newspaper=The Nation|language=en-US}}</ref> Alisema atapinga hatua hiyo katika National Industrial Court of Nigeria na kuomba kufutwa kwa Kanuni ya 127 ya Sheria ya Polisi ya mwaka 2020 iwapo mamlaka ya polisi haitachukua hatua kwa wakati.<ref name="thenation" /> == Marejeo == <references/> [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Nigeria]] 4r2gq7vqmi77y6e3w0kxd2dbcksyt4s Gambo Sawaba 0 229388 1509520 1507579 2026-04-24T21:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hajia Gambo Sawaba''' (15 Februari 1933 – Oktoba 2001) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake, mwanasiasa na mfadhili kutoka [[Nigeria]].<ref name="ali">{{cite book|last=Kwewum|first=Rima|title=The Gambo Sawaba Story|year=2004|publisher=Echo Communications Limited|location=Abuja|isbn=978-37305-0-9|pages=52}}</ref> Alikuwa naibu mwenyekiti wa Great Nigeria People's Party (GNPP) na pia kiongozi wa tawi la wanawake la Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU).<ref name="jp">{{cite web|title=Hajia Gambo Sawaba|url=http://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Prominent-Nigerians/Hajia-Gambo-Sawaba.html|publisher=NigeriaGalleria}}</ref> ==Asili== Hajia Sawaba alizaliwa na Isa Amartey Amarteifio (aliyebatizwa jina Theophilus Wilcox), mkazi kutoka [[Ghana]], na Fatima Amarteifio, mwanamke wa kabila la Nupe kutoka Lavun, Jimbo la [[Niger]]. Baba yake alihamia Nigeria mwaka 1910 akitokea Ghana na baadaye kuajiriwa na Nigerian Railway Corporation. Mama yake alikuwa mjane aliyekuwa na watoto watatu kabla ya ndoa yao. ==Utoto na elimu ya awali== Alisoma katika Native Authority Primary School huko Tudun Wada, Kaduna. Aliacha shule baada ya kifo cha baba yake mwaka 1943 na mama yake miaka mitatu baadaye.<ref name="ali" /> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 aliolewa na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, lakini ndoa hiyo ilivunjika baada ya mume wake kuondoka na kutorudi. Ndoa nyingine alizofunga pia hazikudumu. Akiwa mtoto alijulikana kwa huruma yake kwa watu wenye matatizo, akiwasaidia chakula, mavazi na pesa. Pia alijulikana kuwa jasiri na mara nyingi alijiingiza kutetea wanyonge katika mapigano. ==Uanaharakati na siasa== Sawaba alianza siasa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17. Alijiunga na NEPU, chama cha upinzani kilichopinga Northern People's Congress kilichoungwa mkono na wakoloni wa Uingereza na watawala wa jadi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajiya Gambo Sawaba: The most jailed Nigerian female politician|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/15/hajiya-gambo-sawaba-the-most-jailed-nigerian-female-politician}}</ref> Alipinga ndoa za utotoni, kazi za kulazimishwa na alitetea elimu kwa wasichana Kaskazini mwa Nigeria. Alijulikana kwa ujasiri wake wa kutoa hotuba mbele ya wanaume wengi katika mikutano ya kisiasa. Alifundishwa na [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] na baadaye alikutana naye Abeokuta. Alipata jina “Sawaba” kutoka kwa mentor wake Malam Aminu Kano, likimaanisha “uhuru” au “ukombozi”. ==Maisha binafsi na urithi== Hospitali ya Gambo Sawaba General Hospital huko Kaduna ilipewa jina lake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajia Gambo Sawaba General Hospital|url=http://www.connectnigeria.com/businesses/hajia-gambo-sawaba-general-hospital-87616.html|accessdate=2026-04-20|archive-date=2016-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231223325/http://www.connectnigeria.com/businesses/hajia-gambo-sawaba-general-hospital-87616.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia kuna hosteli ya wanafunzi katika Bayero University Kano iliyopewa jina lake. ==Kufungwa gerezani== Alikamatwa na kufungwa mara 16 kutokana na harakati zake dhidi ya ndoa za utotoni, kazi za kulazimishwa na kodi zisizo za haki. Alijulikana kama mwanamke aliyefungwa mara nyingi zaidi nchini Nigeria na alikuwa akibeba blanketi lililoandikwa “Prison Yard” kila alipokamatwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajiya Gambo Sawaba – The most jailed Nigerian female politician|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/15/hajiya-gambo-sawaba-the-most-jailed-nigerian-female-politician}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] 40ogsp0urgv1m9tex8c2y97z3rm2usc Bruce Karsh 0 229491 1509377 1507735 2026-04-24T12:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce Karsh''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 10]], [[1955]]) ni mwekezaji na [[wakili]] wa zamani nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bruce Karsh |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bruce-karsh/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref> Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980, alikuwa karani wa mahakama ya rufaa kwa jaji wa zamani wa Mahakama ya Juu ya Marekani [[Anthony M. Kennedy]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130415081347/http://www.jewishinstlouis.org/page.aspx?id=198832 Jewish In St. Louis: "Gala to Pay Tribute to Rock Legends…and RJA Legends"] May 17, 2009</ref> Alianzisha ''Oaktree Capital Management'' mwaka [[1995]], na baadaye akawa mwenyekiti mwenza na afisa mkuu wa uwekezaji (CIO).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bruce Karsh |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bruce-karsh/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref> Kufikia Agosti [[2020]], kwa mujibu wa jarida la ''Forbes'', ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.1, na kumweka nambari 391 kwenye orodha ya ''Forbes 400''.<ref name=SaintLouisJewishLight>[http://www.stljewishlight.com/life_cycle/obituaries/article_c575ec7c-e6f5-11e1-a606-0019bb2963f4.html The St. Louis Jewish Light: David H. Karsh]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} August 15, 2012</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r44vx9ah9cpy5nogn4b53u05733mxdt Cynthia Konlan 0 229514 1509474 1507763 2026-04-24T14:55:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynthia Konlan Findib''' (alizaliwa [[29 Novemba|Novemba 29]], [[2002]]) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mchezaji wa mpira]] wa miguu wa Ghana ambaye anacheza kama kipa wa klabu ya Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya Saudi Arabia, Al-Hilal na timu ya taifa ya Ghana . == Kazi == Konlan alianza safari yake ya mpira wa miguu nchini Ghana akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 tu, akijiunga na Pearl Pia Ladies mwaka wa 2016. Alishikilia wadhifa wake hapo hadi 2022. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=504997101631415&set=a.120936140037515|title=Cynthia Konlan Fiindib signs for Swieqi United FC!|date=19 September 2022|accessdate=1 January 2024}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2022, timu ya Daraja la Kwanza la Wanawake ya Malta Swieqi United ilimsajili Konlan. baada ya kuwa sehemu ya uteuzi wa Ghana kwa Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake wa FIFA U-20 la 2022 lililofanyika [[Kosta Rika|Costa Rica]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.shopsofmalta.com/malta/swieqi-united-women-sign-ghana-u-20s-pair-american-forward-ahead/|title=Swieqi United women sign Ghana U-20’s pair, American forward ahead|date=19 September 2022|work=shopsofmalta.com|accessdate=1 January 2024|archive-date=2024-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210160027/https://www.shopsofmalta.com/malta/swieqi-united-women-sign-ghana-u-20s-pair-american-forward-ahead/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliongeza mkataba wake na Swieqi United kwa misimu miwili iliyofuata, kama ilivyothibitishwa rasmi na klabu ya Ligi ya Wanawake ya Assikura Ijumaa. Konlan alicheza jukumu muhimu katika ushindi wa hivi karibuni wa Swieqi United katika hatua ya Knockout ya Wanawake ya Assikura. Katika msimu wote, alishikilia kwa nguvu akiruhusu mabao sita pekee. Utendaji mzuri wa Konlan ulimpa taji la Kipa Bora wa Mwaka wa Chama cha Wachezaji wa Soka cha Malta. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/ghana-goalkeeper-cynthia-konlan-extends-swieqi-contract.1034058#:~:text=The%20Ghana%20international%20was%20one,of%20the%20Year%20as%20well.|title=Ghana goalkeeper Cynthia Konlan extends Swieqi contract|date=26 May 2023|work=timesofmalta.com|accessdate=1 January 2024}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2023, Konlan alisaini mkataba wa mkopo wa mwaka mmoja na Al Hilal nchini Saudi Arabia, akiondoka katika klabu yake ya sasa, Swieqi United FC. Tangazo la kuhama kwake lilitolewa kwenye Facebook, huku klabu hiyo ikielezea msisimko wake kwa safari yake mpya katika Msimu wa 23/24. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=18 August 2023|title=Black Queens goalkeeper Cynthia Konlan joins Saudi Arabian giants Al Hilal|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-goalkeeper-cynthia-konlan-joins-saudi-arabian-giants-al-hilal|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=GhanaSoccerNet}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=17 August 2023|title=Black Queens Goalkeeper, Cynthia Konlan Fiindib joins Al-Hilal in Saudi on loan|url=https://ournewsgh.com/black-queens-goalkeeper-cynthia-konlan-fiindib-joins-al-hilal-in-saudi-on-loan/|accessdate=1 January 2024|work=ournewsgh.com|archive-date=2024-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119040717/https://ournewsgh.com/black-queens-goalkeeper-cynthia-konlan-fiindib-joins-al-hilal-in-saudi-on-loan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Cynthia alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Ghana ya chini ya umri wa miaka 17 kwa vikosi vya Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la U-17 vya mwaka 2018. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=18 August 2023|title=Black Queens goalie Cynthia Konlan makes Al Hilal move for 2023/24 season|url=https://footyghana.com/2023/08/black-queens-goalie-cynthia-konlan-makes-al-hilal-move-for-2023-24-season/|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=FootyGhana}}</ref> akicheza mechi moja tu, dhidi ya Mexico akiingia kama mchezaji mbadala katika dakika za 95 na kucheza penalti ambazo walipoteza 2-4. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=30 October 2018|title=Ghana name squad for 2018 FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/ghana-name-squad-for-2018-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Konlan alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya chini ya umri wa miaka 20 kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la U-20 la 2022. Alicheza michezo miwili katika hatua ya makundi ya Ghana. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=7 August 2022|title=FIFA U-20 Women’s World Cup: Ghana squad list for Costa Rica 2022|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/fifa-u-20-womens-world-cup-ghanas-squad-list-for-costa-rica-2022|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Konlan alipokea wito wake wa kwanza kujiunga na timu ya taifa ya wakubwa kwa ajili ya mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Morocco mnamo tarehe 12 Aprili 2022, lakini hatimaye hakucheza. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=13 July 2024|title=Jennifer Cudjoe gets the nod… line-up against Guinea|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/jennifer-cudjoe-gets-the-nod-in-nora-hauptle-starting-line-up-against-guinea|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa dhidi ya Benin mnamo tarehe 19 Februari 2023, pia katika mchezo wa kirafiki. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=10 July 2024|title=Paris 2024 Olympic qualifier: Black Queens battle ready – Cynthia Konlan|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/paris-2024-olympic-qualifier-cynthia-konlan-believes-the-black-queens-are-battle-ready|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa kwa Black Queens mnamo 2023 na akajiimarisha kama chaguo la kwanza chini ya makocha Nora Häuptle na Kim Björkegren . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=13 July 2024|title=Jennifer Cudjoe gets the nod… line-up against Guinea|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/jennifer-cudjoe-gets-the-nod-in-nora-hauptle-starting-line-up-against-guinea|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Wakati wa kufuzu kwa Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Paris 2024, alishiriki katika kampeni za Ghana na ushiriki wa vyombo vya habari. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=10 July 2024|title=Paris 2024 Olympic qualifier: Black Queens battle ready – Cynthia Konlan|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/paris-2024-olympic-qualifier-cynthia-konlan-believes-the-black-queens-are-battle-ready|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la Wanawake la 2024 (lililochezwa Julai 2025 nchini Morocco), Konlan alikuwa muhimu sana Ghana ilipofika nusu fainali kwa mara ya kwanza tangu 2016. Aliokoa penalti mbili katika ushindi wa robo fainali dhidi ya Algeria baada ya sare ya 0-0, na kupata sifa nyingi. <ref name="CAFQF">{{Rejea tovuti|date=19 July 2025|title=Ghana edge Algeria in penalty drama to reach TotalEnergies CAF WAFCON semi-finals|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/ghana-edge-algeria-in-penalty-drama-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-wafcon-semi-finals/|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=CAF Online}}</ref> Alianza mchezo wa ufunguzi wa Ghana dhidi ya Afrika Kusini na akabaki golini katika mashindano yote. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=7 July 2025|title=Ghana surrenders early dominance, loses to South Africa in WAFCON opener|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/ghana-surrenders-early-dominance-loses-to-south-africa-in-wafcon-opener|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=7 July 2025|title=Kim Lars Björkegren names exciting line-up for WAFCON opener against South Africa|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/kim-lars-bjorkegren-names-exciting-line-up-for-wafcon-opener-against-south-africa|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2025, GFA ilimteua Konlan mmoja wa manaibu manahodha wawili wa timu ya wakubwa pamoja na Jennifer Cudjoe, chini ya nahodha Portia Boakye. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=5 August 2025|title=A new era for Ghana’s Black Queens captaincy: Three Queens, One Mission|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/a-new-era-for-ghanas-black-queens-captaincy-three-queens-one-mission|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> Konlan anajulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kuokoa penalti na kutawala eneo lake la penalti, sifa zilizoangaziwa wakati wa mchezo wa robo fainali wa WAFCON 2024 dhidi ya Algeria. <ref name="CAFQF2">{{Rejea tovuti|date=19 July 2025|title=Ghana edge Algeria in penalty drama to reach TotalEnergies CAF WAFCON semi-finals|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/ghana-edge-algeria-in-penalty-drama-to-reach-totalenergies-caf-wafcon-semi-finals/|accessdate=30 August 2025|work=CAF Online}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] l2nt3kudfzcvuztu9x2ghz37yen8y29 Kayza Massey 0 229579 1509590 1507848 2026-04-25T06:52:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayza Ayine Ka-A Massey''' (alizaliwa [[2 Februari|Februari 2]], [[2001]]) ni mchezaji wa [[Mpira wa miguu|soka]] wa kitaalamu ambaye anacheza kama kipa wa klabu ya Reims ya Ufaransa katika Ligi Kuu . Alizaliwa Ghana, anaiwakilisha Kanada katika ngazi ya kimataifa. == Maisha ya awali == Massey alizaliwa [[Walewale]], Ghana <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.stade-de-reims.com/kayza-massey-est-remoise/|title=Kayza Massey est Rémoise !|date=January 29, 2024|language=fr|work=Stade de Reims}}</ref> na kukulia katika kituo cha watoto yatima, hadi alipolelewa akiwa na umri wa mwezi mmoja na mwanamke Mkanada ambaye alikuwa akifanya kazi nchini Ghana na [[UNICEF]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://inside.fifa.com/news/kayza-massey-from-the-orphanage-to-the-world-cup-2842324|title=Kayza Massey: From the orphanage to the World Cup|date=October 11, 2016|work=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Alilelewa Ottawa, Kanada <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thedaonline.com/sports/womens_soccer/massey-and-the-mountaineers-trying-to-create-change-one-game-at-a-time/article_1904ebb8-3b56-11ec-89d0-eba0efe10909.html|title=Massey and the Mountaineers trying to create change one game at a time|first=Wesley|author=Shoemaker|date=November 4, 2021|work=[[The Daily Athenaeum]]}}</ref> na alianza kucheza soka ya vijana na Ottawa Gloucester Hornets, kabla ya baadaye kujiunga na Ottawa South United mwaka wa 2015. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ottawasportspages.ca/2016/12/01/ottawa-sportspage-cover-story-from-orphan-to-champion/|title=Ottawa Sportspage cover story: From Orphan, to Champion|date=December 1, 2016|first=Dan|author=Plouffe|work=Ottawa Sportspages}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ottawasun.com/2016/11/01/ottawa-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-gets-international-call-for-ghana|title=Ottawa goalkeeper Kayza Massey gets international call for Ghana|first=Martin|author=Cleary|date=November 1, 2016|work=[[Ottawa Sun]]}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2017, alianza kucheza na mpango wa Ontario EXCEL . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ottawasportspages.ca/2017/11/30/osu-force-academy-zone-3-osu-players-join-excel-program/|title=OSU Force Academy Zone: 3 OSU players join EXCEL Program|date=November 30, 2017|work=Ottawa Sportspages}}</ref> Mnamo 2017, alichezea Timu ya Ontario katika Michezo ya Majira ya Joto ya Kanada ya 2017, akishinda medali ya fedha. <ref name="mountain">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/kayza-massey/17235|title=Kayza Massey West Virginia profile|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo mwaka wa 2019, Massey alianza kuhudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha West Virginia, ambapo alichezea timu ya soka ya wanawake . Alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza chuoni mnamo Septemba 12, 2019 dhidi ya Stony Brook Seawolves . <ref name="mountain2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/kayza-massey/17235|title=Kayza Massey West Virginia profile|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa msimu wake wa mwaka wa kwanza, aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa Timu ya Vijana wapya wa Academic All-Big 12. <ref name="mountain2" /> Katika msimu wa 2020-21, alikua kipa wa mwanzo wa timu hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.wboy.com/goldandbluenation/wvu-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-makes-sportscenter-top-10-for-reaching-save-vs-virginia/|title=WVU goalkeeper Kayza Massey makes SportsCenter Top 10 for reaching save vs. Virginia|first=Sam|author=Coniglio|date=April 11, 2021|work=[[WBOY-TV]]|accessdate=2026-04-20|archive-date=2023-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203011842/https://www.wboy.com/goldandbluenation/wvu-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-makes-sportscenter-top-10-for-reaching-save-vs-virginia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thedaonline.com/sports/womens_soccer/massey-continues-to-be-a-difference-maker-in-net-for-wvu/article_8d02728e-05d1-11ec-b6d4-83484247a260.html|title=Massey continues to be a difference maker in net for WVU|date=August 26, 2021|first=Wesley|author=Shoemaker|work=[[The Daily Athenaeum]]}}</ref> Aliteuliwa katika Timu ya Kwanza ya Academic All-Big 12 mwishoni mwa msimu. <ref name="mountain3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/kayza-massey/17235|title=Kayza Massey West Virginia profile|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]}}</ref> Kabla ya msimu wake wa tatu, aliteuliwa kuwa Kipa Bora wa Wiki wa Makipa 12 wa Kabla ya Msimu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/news/2021/8/3/womens-soccer-brewster-massey-named-to-preseason-all-big-12-team.aspx|title=Brewster, Massey Named to Preseason All-Big 12 Team|date=August 3, 2021|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]|first=Olivia|author=Sneed}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2021, aliteuliwa kuwa Kipa Bora wa Wiki wa Makipa 12 wa Makipa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.wboy.com/goldandbluenation/wvu-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-named-big-12-goalkeeper-of-the-week/|title=WVU goalkeeper Kayza Massey named Big 12 Goalkeeper of the Week|date=October 26, 2021|work=[[WBOY-TV]]|accessdate=2026-04-20|archive-date=2023-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810113215/https://www.wboy.com/goldandbluenation/wvu-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-named-big-12-goalkeeper-of-the-week/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2021, aliteuliwa kuwa Kipa Bora wa Wiki wa Makipa 12 wa Makipa na Mchezaji Bora wa Wiki wa Makocha wa Soka wa United. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/news/2021/10/26/womens-soccer-massey-collects-big-12-honor.aspx|title=Massey Collects Big 12 Honor|date=October 26, 2021|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]|first=Olivia|author=Sneed}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/news/2021/10/27/womens-soccer-massey-honored-by-united-soccer-coaches.aspx|title=Massey Honored by United Soccer Coaches|date=October 27, 2021|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]|first=Olivia|author=Sneed}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa msimu, aliteuliwa kuwa Kipa Bora wa Pili wa Makipa 12 wa Makipa na Timu ya Kwanza ya Makipa Bora wa Makipa 12 wa Makipa wa Kitaifa. <ref name="mountain4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/kayza-massey/17235|title=Kayza Massey West Virginia profile|work=[[West Virginia Mountaineers]]}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 2024, Massey alisaini mkataba wa kitaalamu na klabu ya Ufaransa Reims katika Ligi Kuu hadi mwisho wa msimu wa 2023-24. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bluegoldsports.com/2024/01/29/former-mountaineer-kayza-massey-signs-professional-contract-with-stade-de-reims/|title=Former Mountaineer Kayza Massey signs professional contract with Stade de Reims|first=Mark|author=Wratchford|date=January 29, 2024|work=Blue Gold Sports}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.lunion.fr/id563299/article/2024-01-29/le-stade-de-reims-recrute-une-gardienne-canadienne-jusqua-la-fin-de-la-saison|title=Le Stade de Reims recrute une gardienne canadienne jusqu'à la fin de la saison|language=fr|date=January 29, 2024|work=L'Union}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mnamo 2016, Massey alitajwa kwenye orodha ya wachezaji wa Ghana walio chini ya umri wa miaka 17 kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la 2016 U-17 . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2016/10/12/touching-story-ghanas-black-maidens-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-orphanage-world-cup/|title=The Touching Story Of Ghana's Black Maiden's Goalkeeper Kayza Massey – From The Orphanage To The World Cup|date=October 12, 2016|work=Ghana Celebrities|first=Nii Smiley|author=Byte}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sportsworldghana.com/kayza-massey-is-a-fantastic-goalkeeper-escobar/|title=Kayza Massey is a 'Fantastic' Goalkeeper- Escobar|first=David|author=Stevenson Manu|date=February 11, 2017|work=Sports World Ghana}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghanas-u17-female-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-honoured-in-canada|title=Ghana's U17 female goalkeeper Kayza Massey honoured in Canada|date=January 24, 2017|work=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, alibadilisha uaminifu wa kimataifa ili kuanza kuiwakilisha Kanada. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/from-ghana-to-canada-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-looks-to-make-a-difference-1.4191323?cache=%3FclipId%3D89619|title=From Ghana to Canada, goalkeeper Kayza Massey looks to make a difference|first=Neil|author=Davidson|date=November 24, 2018|work=[[CTV News]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/u17-female-goalkeeper-kayza-massey-snubs-ghana-pledges-allegiance-to-canada|title=Breaking News: Ghana U17 female keeper Massey snubs country, pledges allegiance to Canada|date=October 9, 2018|work=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2018, aliitwa kwenye programu ya kitaifa ya Kanada kwa mara ya kwanza kwa kambi na timu ya Kanada ya U17 . Kisha baadaye alitajwa kwenye orodha ya wachezaji wa Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake la FIFA la U-17 la 2018. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ottawasportspages.ca/2018/12/15/3-osu-products-play-at-u17-womens-world-cup/|title=3 OSU products play at U17 Women's World Cup|date=December 15, 2018|work=Ottawa Sportspages}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Nigeria]] sngk0dxrtzvbzjlewng3p3wyjt8fzwb Cina Soul 0 229783 1509469 1508170 2026-04-24T14:20:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christie Quincyna Quarcoopome''' (amezaliwa tarehe 3 Mei 1996),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Cina Soul biography and net worth |url=https://myinfo.com.gh/2022/06/cina-soul-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.myinfo.com.gh |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120171428/https://myinfo.com.gh/2022/06/cina-soul-biography-and-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii '''Cina Soul,''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo na msanii wa jukwaani kutoka [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web|title=My Father Influenced The Genre of Music I do – Cina Soul – Kuulpeeps|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2016/05/my-father-influenced-the-genre-of-music-i-do-cina-soul/|website=KuulPeeps|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-11 |title=Album of the week: Chapter V by Asi Renie - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/album-of-the-week-chapter-v-by-asi-renie/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa fainali katika shindano la muziki la Vodafone Ghana Music Icons mwaka 2014 lililofanyika [[Accra]], Ghana.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cina Soul – Music in Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/cina-soul|website=Music in Africa|date=30 March 2016 |accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Christie Quincyna Quarcoopome alizaliwa na kukulia Kokomlemle, Ghana, na [[Accra]] kwa wazazi wa Ghana, na anatoka Jamestown mjini Accra. Ni mwenyeji wa kabila la Ga nchini [[Ghana]]. Alipata elimu ya sekondari ya chini katika Deyoungsters International School na elimu ya sekondari ya juu katika Aburi Girls Senior High School. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo ya [[saikolojia]] na [[akiolojia]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Songs That Speak to The Soul: Songs By The Super Talented CINA SOUL |url=http://legacybase.com/music/songs-speak-soul-songs-super-talented-cina-soul/ |accessdate=26 April 2018 |website=Legacy Base}}</ref> Ni mtoto wa pili kati ya watoto watatu; ana dada mmoja mkubwa na mdogo.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 2001 |title=Gregory’s girl |url=https://doi.org/10.7748/ldp.3.5.6.s12 |journal=Learning Disability Practice |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=6–9 |doi=10.7748/ldp.3.5.6.s12 |issn=1465-8712|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == === Mwanzo wa kazi === Jaribio lake la kwanza katika muziki lilikuwa ushiriki wake katika Vodafone Ghana Music Icons mwaka 2014, ambapo alifika fainali. Baada ya hapo alitoa mchanganyiko wa nyimbo (mashups) na kurekodi upya baadhi ya nyimbo maarufu, ikiwemo ''Bankulize'' ya [[Mr Eazi]] na ''Bamidele'' ya Cyna.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 November 2015 |title=Cina 'Bankulize x in My Bed x Go Harder x Skintight' mashup |url=http://livefmghana.com/2015/11/23/new-music-cina-bankulize-x-in-my-bed-x-go-harder-x-skintight-mashup/ |accessdate=2 May 2018 |website=Live Fm Ghana |publisher=Livefm Ghana |archive-date=2 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502094433/http://livefmghana.com/2015/11/23/new-music-cina-bankulize-x-in-my-bed-x-go-harder-x-skintight-mashup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2016 alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Metanoia'', iliyowashirikisha [[M.anifest]], Worlasi na [[KiDi]], ambayo ilimletea umaarufu mkubwa kupitia nyimbo kama ''Awo'' na ''Julor''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Metanoia Experience for Alliance Francaise – Graphic Online |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/music/metanoia-experience-for-alliance-francaise.html |location=Accra, Ghana|accessdate=26 April 2018 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cina Soul, Metanoia EP; Everything You Need To Know |url=https://www.kampus360gh.com/cina-soul-metanoia-ep-everything-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509211127/http://www.kampus360gh.com/cina-soul-metanoia-ep-everything-you-need-to-know/ |archive-date=9 May 2017 |accessdate=26 April 2018 |website=Kampus360gh |publisher=Kampus360}}</ref> Alishiriki pia katika mradi wa ''Black Girls Glow'' ulioanzishwa mwaka 2017 na Dzyadzorm na Poetra Asantewa. Pamoja na wasanii kama Adomaa, Fu na Ria Boss, walitoa albamu ''Mother of Heirs'' mwezi Julai 2017.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 July 2017 |title=Poetra Asantewaa, Ria Boss, Adomaa, Fu, Dzyadzorm & Cina Soul (Black Girls Glow) release 'Mother of Heirs' album |url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2017/07/13/poetra-asantewaa-ria-boss-adomaa-fu-dzyadzorm-cina-soul-black-girls-glow-release-mother-heirs-album/ |accessdate=26 April 2018 |website=Ghana Music |publisher=Worla Quist}}</ref> Pia alitumbuiza katika hafla ya Allianz Awards katika Goethe-Institut mwezi Desemba 2017 pamoja na Nana Yaa, na kushiriki katika tamasha la Vodafone Ghana Music Awards mwaka 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=PHOTOS: Deon Boakye, CJ, Cina Soul and more rock VGMA |url=https://kubilive.com/photos-deon-boakye-cj-cina-soul-and-more-rock-vgma-nominees-jam-in-sunyani/ |accessdate=2 May 2018 |website=Kubi Live |archive-date=2 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502110000/https://kubilive.com/photos-deon-boakye-cj-cina-soul-and-more-rock-vgma-nominees-jam-in-sunyani/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aidha, aliandaa tamasha lake binafsi liitwalo ''Metanoia X''.<ref>{{cite web |title=mtv news – cina soul, struts, sings and stuns at metanoia x – MTV Africa |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/cina-soul-struts-sings-and-stuns-at-metanoia-x/kwqml1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503112620/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/cina-soul-struts-sings-and-stuns-at-metanoia-x/kwqml1 |archive-date=3 May 2018 |accessdate=2 May 2018 |website=MTV Base |publisher=MTV Africa}}</ref> === Universal Music Group === Mapema mwaka 2018, Cina Soul alitoa wimbo ''00:01'' uliomfanya kusaini mkataba na Universal Music Group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana's Cina Soul signs with Universal Music – YFM Ghana |url=https://yfmghana.com/ghanas-cina-soul-signs-with-universal-music/ |access-date=26 April 2018 |website=YFM Ghana |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426035705/https://yfmghana.com/ghanas-cina-soul-signs-with-universal-music/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Alitoa pia wimbo ''12:01'' chini ya lebo hiyo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joining Universal Music Was A Big Dream- Cina Soul – Modern Ghana |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/49438/joining-universal-music-was-a-big-dream-cina-soul.html |accessdate=26 April 2018 |website=ModernGhana |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Mwaka 2019 alitoa wimbo ''Adukwei'', uliorekodiwa kwa lugha ya [[Kiga]] kwa ajili ya tamasha la Homowo la watu wa Ga nchini Ghana.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cina Soul releases fresh jam, 'Adukwei' ahead of Homowo|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Cina-Soul-releases-fresh-jam-Adukwei-ahead-of-Homowo-772307|website=ghanaweb.com|date=15 August 2019 |publisher=Ghana Web|accessdate=5 September 2019}}</ref> == Mtindo wa muziki == Cina Soul ana uwezo mpana wa sauti na hujikita katika mitindo ya soul, R&B na highlife. Nyimbo zake huimbwa kwa Kiingereza na lugha ya Ga, na mara nyingi huzitunga kutokana na uzoefu wake binafsi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pulse Music: Weekly Discovery: Cina Soul – Buzz – Pulse.ng|url=http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/pulse-music-weekly-discovery-cina-soul-id5209043.html|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|accessdate=26 April 2018|archive-date=23 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170344/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/pulse-music-weekly-discovery-cina-soul-id5209043.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Athari == Msukumo wake wa muziki umetokana sana na wasanii wa Magharibi kama Anita Baker, [[Brandy Norwood|Brandy]], Sade, [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Aṣa]] na [[Whitney Houston]]. == Diskografia == {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Kichwa !Uzalishaji !Albamu |- |2016 |''Metanoia'' (EP) |Odunsi |Metanoia |- |2017 |''Mother of Heirs'' |Wazalishaji mbalimbali |Mother of Heirs |- |2021 |''For Times We Lost'' (EP) |Wazalishaji mbalimbali |For Times We Lost |- |2025 |''Did I Lie'' |Wazalishaji mbalimbali |Did I Lie |} == Tuzo na uteuzi == {| class="wikitable" !Mwaka !Shirika !Tuzo !Kazi iliyoteuliwa !Matokeo |- |2019 |MTN 4syte TV Music Video Awards |Best Photography |Ojorley |{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-16|title=4Syte TV Music Awards 2019 winners|url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2019/11/16/list-of-winners-mtn-4syte-tv-music-video-awards-2019/|access-date=2019-11-16|website=ghanamusic.com|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2020 |Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |Best Video of the Year |Killi Mi |{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-30|title=Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artiste of the Year 2020|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/|access-date=2020-08-30|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1996|}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.facebook.com/Cina-Soul-763933147002144/ Cina Soul] kwenye Facebook {{Udhibiti wa mamlaka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soul, Cina}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] ol656gvf42nw2jm7e8eazw3urawlwo8 Fatima Akilu 0 229931 1509503 1508405 2026-04-24T19:55:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509503 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatima Akilu''' ni [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa [[Nigeria]], [[mwandishi]], afisa wa zamani wa [[serikali]], na mzungumzaji wa umma anayejulikana kwa kazi yake katika kuzuia na kukabiliana na msimamo mkali wa vurugu (CVE) pamoja na kupambana na ugaidi. Mnamo mwaka [[2023]], Fatima Akilu aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Neem Foundation, shirika linalojikita katika ujenzi wa amani, msaada wa kisaikolojia, na ulinzi wa jamii dhidi ya itikadi kali. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Uchambuzi wa Tabia na Mawasiliano ya Kimkakati katika ofisi ya National Security Adviser Nigeria, ambapo alichangia katika kuanzishwa kwa programu ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya kupambana na msimamo mkali wa vurugu nchini Nigeria. Aidha, Fatima Akilu ni sehemu ya timu ya Global Strategy Network, akifanya kazi pamoja na mtaalamu wa usalama Richard Barrett katika kubuni mikakati ya kimataifa ya kupambana na ugaidi. Mbali na kazi zake za usalama, ni mwandishi wa vitabu vya watoto vinavyolenga elimu na maadili, na pia mshirika wa Women in Security and Leadership Alliance (WASL). Awali, aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha redio cha ''Radio Psych'', kilichojikita katika masuala ya kijamii na kisaikolojia. Kupitia taaluma na shughuli zake mbalimbali, Fatima Akilu ameendelea kuwa sauti muhimu katika juhudi za kuimarisha usalama, ustawi wa jamii, na elimu nchini Nigeria. == Kazi == Fatima Akilu ni mwanasaikolojia wa uchunguzi wa kimatibabu aliyefunzwa na National Health Service (NHS) nchini Uingereza, akiwa na utaalamu katika matibabu ya wahalifu wenye matatizo ya ukuaji na akili. Ana zaidi ya miaka 20 ya uzoefu katika afya ya akili na saikolojia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11644162/Meet-the-former-NHS-psychologist-trying-to-get-inside-the-mind-of-Boko-Haram.html|title=Meet the former NHS psychologist trying to get inside the mind of Boko Haram|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> Akiwa bado kijana huko [[London]], Fatima Akilu aliwashauri vijana wasio na makazi, na baadaye alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika hospitali ya magonjwa ya akili huko Marekani, alimshauri John Hinckley Jr., anayejulikana kwa jaribio lake la kumuua Ronald Reagan.<ref name="concordconsulting.org">{{Cite web|url=http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2|title=Fatima Akilu – Concord Consulting|access-date=2017-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119050311/http://concordconsulting.org/fatima-akilu-2/|archive-date=2017-01-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mbali na kazi ya kliniki, Fatima Akilu ni mwalimu wa chuo kikuu na mtetezi wa makundi yaliyotengwa. Alifanya kazi kama profesa msaidizi wa saikolojia ya jumla katika SUNY Broome Community College kwa zaidi ya miaka 12, ambapo alifundisha na kufanya utafiti kuhusu ukosefu wa makazi, ukabila, na athari zake kwa afya ya akili.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wildsmith |first1=E. |last2=Akilu |first2=F. |last3=Sashidharan |first3=S. P. |last4=Cochrane |first4=R. |last5=Commander |first5=M. J. |date=1999-10-01 |title=Mental health care for Asian, black and white patients with non-affective psychoses: pathways to the psychiatric hospital, in-patient and after-care |journal=Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=484–491 |doi=10.1007/s001270050224 |issn=1433-9285 |pmid=10541669 |s2cid=25792055}}</ref> Katika sekta ya sera na mawasiliano, aliwahi kuwa mkuu wa mawasiliano kwa ofisi ya rais inayoshughulikia Malengo ya Maendeleo ya Milenia nchini Nigeria, na pia mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wahariri wa gazeti kuu la taifa. Aidha, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Uchambuzi wa Tabia na Mawasiliano ya Kimkakati katika ofisi ya National Security Adviser Nigeria kati ya [[2012]] na [[2015]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Fatima Akilu Executive Director|url=https://neemfoundation.org.ng/dt_team/dr-fatima-akilu/|website=Neem Foundation|date=30 March 2020|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> Katika nafasi hiyo, Fatima Akilu alichangia kuunda Programu ya Kupambana na Ukatili wa Vurugu (CVE), sehemu ya mkakati wa serikali ya Nigeria wa kukabiliana na kundi la Boko Haram. Programu hii ililenga kushughulikia sababu za misimamo mikali kupitia mbinu za kijamii, ikiwemo mafunzo ya ajira, ushauri wa kisaikolojia, huduma za afya, na uingiliaji wa kidini ili kusaidia kuwarekebisha waliokuwa wanachama wa makundi yenye itikadi kali.<ref name="dcaf">{{cite web|title=Peace Heroes: How Nigerian Psychologist Fatima Akilu Rehabilitates Extremist Societies|url=https://issat.dcaf.ch/Learn/Resource-Library2/Policy-and-Research-Papers/Peace-Heroes-How-Nigerian-Psychologist-Fatima-Akilu-Rehabilitates-Extremist-Societies|website=DCAF ISSAT|access-date=30 June 2021}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/11915708/Fears-for-Nigerias-counter-radicalisation-programme-as-British-trained-head-is-ousted.html|title=Fears for Nigeria's counter-radicalisation programme as British-trained head is ousted|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> Pia alifanya kazi kwa karibu na wanawake waliokombolewa kutoka kwa makamanda wa Boko Haram, kundi ambalo lilihitaji mbinu maalum za kijamii na kisaikolojia kutokana na changamoto za kurejea katika jamii. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasaikolojia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Nigeria]] c7jhy9ji3b367muilvn4jc0alswphgm Chibundu Onuzo 0 229939 1509452 1508416 2026-04-24T13:37:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imachibundu Oluwadara Onuzo''' FRSL (alizaliwa [[1991]]) ni mwandishi wa riwaya kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Riwaya yake ya kwanza, ''The Spider King's Daughter'', ilishinda Tuzo ya Betty Trask, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Event: Chibundu Onuzo's 1991 (13 September)|url=https://africainwords.com/2019/07/10/event-chibundu-onuzos-1991-13-september/|author=Words|first=Africa in|date=2019-07-10|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> iliorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Dylan Thomas <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dylan Thomas Prize: 'Thunderingly good' shortlist revealed|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/dylan-thomas-prize-thunderingly-good-2021798|author=WalesOnline|date=2012-10-18|work=walesonline|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> na Tuzo ya Kitabu cha Jumuiya ya Madola, na iliorodheshwa kwa muda mrefu kwa Tuzo ya Desmond Elliott <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DON'T DULL!! If You've Not Read Books From These Amazing Nigerian Writers, Then You're Dulling Yourself|url=http://www.dailyadvent.com/others/2019/03/31/dont-dull-if-youve-not-read-books-from-these-amazing-nigerian-writers-then-youre-dulling-yourself/|date=2019-03-31|work=Daily Advent Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}</ref> na Tuzo ya Etisalat ya Fasihi . <ref name="telegraph1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Barbara Kasumu|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10115957/Author-Chibundu-Onuzo-Dont-let-anyone-tell-you-that-youre-too-young-to-contribute.html|title=Author Chibundu Onuzo: 'Don't let anyone tell you that you're too young to contribute'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref> == Wasifu == Chibundu Onuzo alizaliwa mwaka wa 1991 nchini Nigeria, mdogo kati ya watoto wanne wa wazazi ambao ni madaktari, na alikulia [[Lagos]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.faber.co.uk/tutors/chibundu-onuzo/|title=Chibundu Onuzo &#124; Authors &#124; Faber & Faber|work=Faber.co.uk|date=|accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref> <ref name="UCL">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/political-science/spp-news/301012/|title=Chibundu Onuzo: The Spider King's Daughter|work=Ucl.ac.uk|date=30 October 2012|accessdate=8 March 2017|archivedate=12 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312035342/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/political-science/spp-news/301012/}}</ref> Alihamia [[Uingereza]] alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14 kusoma katika shule ya St Swithun huko Winchester, Hampshire, kwa ajili ya masomo yake ya GCSE, <ref>Chibundu Onuzo, [https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/10/award-winning-writer-chibundu-onuzo-talks-about-the-empowerment-of-the-girl-child-in-her-piece-when-i-was-fourteen/ "When I Was Fourteen"], ''[[Bella Naija]]'', 17 October 2016.</ref> na akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 alianza kuandika riwaya yake ya kwanza, ambayo ilisainiwa miaka miwili baadaye na Faber na Faber na kuchapishwa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 21. <ref>Chibundu Onuzo, [http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/chibundu-onuzo/young-artists_b_7181554.html "Young, Gifted and Valid"], ''[[HuffPost]]'' UK, 1 May 2015.</ref> <ref>[https://www.edbookfest.co.uk/writers/chibundu-onuzo "Chibundu Onuzo"]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Edinburgh International Book Festival]], August 2017.</ref> Alikuwa mwandishi mdogo zaidi wa kike kuwahi kuchapishwa na mchapishaji. <ref>Emma Greensmith, [https://www.varsity.co.uk/reviews/4477 "Books: The Spider King's Daughter"], ''[[Varsity (Cambridge)|Varsity]]'', 24 February 2012.</ref> Akipitia kitabu chake cha pili, ''Welcome to Lagos'' (2016), Helon Habila aliandika katika ''The Guardian'' : "Mtazamo wa Onuzo kuhusu tabia ya binadamu mara nyingi huwa na matumaini makubwa, mtazamo wake kuhusu siasa na jamii ni wa hisani sana; lakini uwezo wake wa kuwapa wahusika wake uhai, ikiwa ni pamoja na jiji la Lagos, labda mhusika aliyechorwa vizuri zaidi, ni wa kuvutia." <ref>''Habila, Helon (18 January 2017).'' "Welcome to Lagos by Chibundu Onuzo review – high hopes, big city"''. The Guardian.''</ref> Onuzo alipata shahada ya kwanza ya historia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha King's London (2012), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://alumni.kcl.ac.uk/page.aspx?pid=4261|title=Chibundu Onuzo on The Spider King's Daughter - King's Alumni Community|work=Alumni.kcl.ac.uk|date=13 November 2013|accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph12">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Barbara Kasumu|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10115957/Author-Chibundu-Onuzo-Dont-let-anyone-tell-you-that-youre-too-young-to-contribute.html|title=Author Chibundu Onuzo: 'Don't let anyone tell you that you're too young to contribute'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=12 June 2013|accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref> na akaendelea kupata shahada ya uzamili katika sera za umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha London . <ref name="UCL2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/political-science/spp-news/301012/|title=Chibundu Onuzo: The Spider King's Daughter|work=Ucl.ac.uk|date=30 October 2012|accessdate=8 March 2017|archivedate=12 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312035342/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/political-science/spp-news/301012/}}</ref> Alisomea Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Chuo Kikuu cha King's London, akitafiti Umoja wa Wanafunzi wa Afrika Magharibi . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.georginacapel.com/our-authors/chibundu-onuzo/|title=Chibundo Onuzo|work=Georgina Capel Associates Ltd|accessdate=1 December 2022}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ameandika kwa ajili ya maduka ya habari ikiwemo ''The Guardian'' <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/profile/chibundu-onuzo Chibundo Onuzo] profile at ''The Guardian''.</ref> na NPR, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/08/13/1113576301/my-brother-made-it-in-lagos-and-taught-me-lessons-about-my-life-in-london|title=My brother made it in Lagos — and taught me lessons about my life in London|first=Chibundu|author=Onuzo|work=NPR|date=13 August 2022|accessdate=1 December 2022}}</ref> na kuchangia hadithi fupi "Sunita" katika mkusanyiko wa vitabu vya ''New Daughters of Africa'' vya mwaka 2019, iliyohaririwa na [[Margaret Busby]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/section/books/new-daughters-of-africa-by-margaret-busby-a-review-by-john-stevenson/|title='New Daughters of Africa' by Margaret Busby – A review|first=John|author=Stevenson|work=Black History 365|date=8 November 2019}}</ref> Riwaya ya tatu ya Onuzo, ''Sankofa,'' ilichapishwa nchini Uingereza na Virago mnamo Juni 2021, <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.virago.co.uk/titles/chibundu-onuzo/sankofa/9780349013121/|title=Sankofa|date=3 December 2020|publisher=Virago Books|isbn=9780349013121|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref> na ilipitiwa na ''The Guardian'' kama "riwaya iliyokamilika inayochunguza tofauti na kuhusishwa kwa upole". ''Brittle Paper'' aliielezea kama "hadithi ya mapenzi, historia ya kisiasa, na tamthilia ya baba na binti". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2021/11/an-intimate-story-of-self-discovery-and-decolonization-review-of-sankofa-by-chibundu-onuzo/|title=An Intimate Story of Love and Decolonization: Review of Sankofa by Chibundu Onuzo|first=Ainehi|author=Edoro|authorlink=Ainehi Edoro|work=Brittle Paper|date=22 November 2021|accessdate=1 December 2022}}</ref> ''Sankofa'' ilichapishwa na Catapult nchini Marekani na Narrative Landscape nchini Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Virago gets third novel from award-winner Onuzo {{!}} The Bookseller|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/virago-gets-third-novel-award-winner-onuzo-1210976|author=Mark Chandler|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=2021-03-02|work=www.thebookseller.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-27|title=Get all the Scoop on Chibundu Onuzo's Highly Anticipated Third Novel|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/07/get-all-the-scoop-on-chibundu-onuzos-highly-anticipated-third-novel/|author=Angeline Peterson|accessdate=2021-03-02|work=Brittle Paper|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] fcv5gomdcqf8bz6z1q1ixlxbqik9l1j Gwen Ramokgopa 0 229972 1509538 1508491 2026-04-24T23:15:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwen Malegwale Ramokgopa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na daktari wa tiba kwa taaluma. Yeye ni mwanachama wa African National Congress (ANC) na alichaguliwa kuwa Mweka Hazina Mkuu (Treasurer-General) wa chama hicho mnamo Desemba 2022. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Afya chini ya Rais Jacob Zuma kuanzia Oktoba 2010 hadi Mei 2014. Alianza safari yake ya kisiasa katika serikali ya mkoa wa Gauteng, ambapo alihudumu kama Mjumbe wa Baraza la Utendaji (MEC) wa Afya kuanzia 1999 hadi 2006, na tena 2017 hadi 2019. Pia alikuwa Meya wa kwanza mwanamke wa jiji la Tshwane kuanzia 2006 hadi 2010 kabla ya kupandishwa katika nafasi za kitaifa. Ndani ya uongozi wa ANC, amewahi kuwa Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Mkoa wa Gauteng (2010–2014) na baadaye Naibu Katibu wa Mkoa (2014–2018). Pia alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Kamati Kuu ya Utendaji ya kitaifa ya ANC mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 October 2010|title=President Zuma announces changes to the National Executive|url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/president-zuma-announces-changes-national-executive|access-date=2022-12-19|website=The Presidency|archive-date=2022-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219165446/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/president-zuma-announces-changes-national-executive|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] drj7t4evl0vktgpo7gz8qv8r19hj6ce Homo ergaster 0 230104 1509546 1508925 2026-04-25T01:14:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Homo_ergaster_reconstruction,_American_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg|thumb|Homo ergaster.]] [[File:Homo_lineage_2017update.svg|thumb|200px|Uenezi wa jenasi ''Homo'' kwa wakati na mahali kuanzia miaka 2,000,000 iliyopita.]] '''''Homo ergaster''''' (maana ya [[Kilatini]] ni "mtu anayefanya kazi"; anaitwa pia: '''Telanthropus capensis''', '''Homo erectus ergaster''', '''Homo louisleakeyi''', '''Homo kenyaensis''' na '''Homo okotensis''') katika [[uainishaji wa kisayansi]] ni [[spishi]] au [[nususpishi]] iliyokoma ya [[zamadamu]] ambayo imekadiriwa kuanza kuwepo miaka [[milioni]] 2 hivi iliyopita<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Wood|first1=Bernard|last2=Doherty|first2=Dandy|last3=Boyle|first3=Eve|date=29 May 2020|title=Hominin Taxic Diversity|url=https://oxfordre.com/anthropology/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.001.0001/acrefore-9780190854584-e-194|access-date=19 April 2021|website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.194|isbn=978-0-19-085458-4}}</ref> huko [[Afrika]] kutokana na [[Homo habilis]] (anayeitwa pia Australopithecus habilis). [[Mageuko ya spishi|Mageuko]] yaliyotokea kati ya spishi hizo mbili ni hatua muhimu kuelekea [[Binadamu|Homo sapiens]], kwa sababu ubongo ukawa mkubwa zaidi kidogo (hadi [[Sentimita ya ujazo|sentimeta za ujazo]] 910), na kumwezesha kutengeneza [[Kifaa|vifaa]] vinavyoonyesha [[teknolojia]] ya juu zaidi. Pengine anajumlishwa na mzao wake aliyetoka [[bara]] la [[Afrika]] anayeitwa [[Homo erectus]] kwa sababu alikuwa wa kwanza kusimama daima juu ya [[miguu]] yake miwili, [[Wawindaji-wakusanyaji|kuwinda]]<ref name="Ben-Dor2021">{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Dor |first1=Miki |last2=Sirtoli |first2=Raphael |last3=Barkai |first3=Ran |title=The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |year=2021 |volume=175 |issue=S72 |pages=27–56 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.24247 |pmid=33675083 |bibcode=2021AJPA..175S..27B |doi-access=free }}</ref> na labda kumudu [[moto]], kabla ya kugawanyika katika nususpishi au spishi mpya mbalimbali, hasa ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'', wa kwanza kujenga makazi ya kudumu na [[Mazishi|kuzika]] wafu, n.k. Wengi wanakubali Homo sapiens alitokana na Homo ergaster kupitia Homo heidelbergensis, kama ilivyotokea kwa [[Homo neanderthalensis]] na [[Homo longi]]. Ni kwamba miaka 800,000–200,000 iliyopita, wakati wa mabadiliko makubwa ya [[hali ya hewa]], [[ubongo]] wa [[jenasi]] [[Homo]] ulikua sana na kupata uwezo wa kufanya mambo mengi mapya katika mahusiano na katika kukabili [[mazingira]] ambayo yalizidi kubadilika na kudai maitikio tofauti ili kudumisha [[uhai]] wa jenasi yenyewe. ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Homo ergaster}} {{Wikispecies|Homo ergaster}} * ''[https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-ergaster/ Homo ergaster]''; The Australian Museum * ''[https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/the-history-of-our-tribe-hominini/chapter/homo-ergaster/ Homo ergaster]''; Milne Publishing – The History of Our Tribe: Hominini * [http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/origins/homo_ergaster.php ''Homo ergaster'']; Origins – Exploring the Fossil Record – Bradshaw Foundation * ''[http://www.efossils.org/species/homo-ergaster Homo ergaster] {{Wayback|url=http://www.efossils.org/species/homo-ergaster |date=20211027131818 }}''; eFossils Resources * [https://www.dnalc.org/view/16083-Human-origins-family-tree.html Human origins family tree]; DNA Learning Center {{mbegu-biolojia}} [[Jamii:Hominini]] [[Jamii:Historia]] 1gzmoau7kbteawg3k1pgbv2s6pbu68n Joe Lacob 0 230137 1509569 1509046 2026-04-25T04:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Steven Lacob''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 10]], [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa ''Kleiner Perkins'' na ndiye mmiliki mkuu wa timu ya ''Golden State Warriors'' ya [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) na ''Golden State Valkyries'' ya Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/ind_detail/LACOB%7CJOSEPH+STEVEN%7CWOODSIDE%7CCA%7C94062%7C/|title=FEC Disclosure Report Search Results|accessdate=2026-04-23|archive-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018043443/http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/ind_detail/LACOB%7CJOSEPH+STEVEN%7CWOODSIDE%7CCA%7C94062%7C/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kdvijvnhqdukyz1xhnjihphwzjbf136 Nana Adwoa Awindor 0 230155 1509389 1509110 2026-04-24T12:58:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nana Adwoa Awindor''' ni mtangazaji wa televisheni kutoka [[Ghana]] na Malkia Mama wa Maendeleo (Queenmother) wa wilaya ya Afigya-Kwabre katika Ashanti Region ya Ghana.<ref> Mwaka 2013, alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa kwanza wa Bodi ya Utendaji ya Bara ya African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network.</ref> Yeye pia ni mwanachama wa Muungano wa Kitaifa wa Malkia Mama wa Ghana (Viongozi wa Kimila Wanawake).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine |url=[https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/](https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/) |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/meet-the-queen-mothers-10000-amazing-women-taking-back-power-in/|title=Meet](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/meet-the-queen-mothers-10000-amazing-women-taking-back-power-in/|title=Meet) the Queen Mothers: 10,000 amazing women taking back power in Africa|last=Mistiaen|first=Veronique|date=3 December 2015|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=6 Agosti 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] il6nhirfeurecewjmbrvwdxy0cjkw7v Dzifa Bampoh 0 230157 1509390 1509112 2026-04-24T12:59:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509390 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dzifa Gbeho Bampoh''' anayejulikana pia katika vyombo vya habari kama '''Dzifa Bampoh''' ni mwanahabari, mtaalamu wa mawasiliano na mhusika wa vyombo vya habari kutoka [[Ghana]]. Kwa sasa ni Meneja wa Mawasiliano ya Shirika katika kampuni ya Ghana Grid Company LTD (GRIDCo), ambayo ni mwendeshaji wa Mfumo wa Kitaifa wa Usafirishaji wa Umeme (NITS) wa Ghana, ambapo mbali na majukumu ya mawasiliano, anasimamia pia chapa ya kampuni, uwajibikaji wa kijamii wa kampuni (CSR) na mawasiliano ya shirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=2022-07-08 |title=Dzifa Bampoh joins GRIDCo {{!}} 3News |url=[https://3news.com/news/dzifa-bampoh-joins-gridco/](https://3news.com/news/dzifa-bampoh-joins-gridco/) |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=3news.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Effah |first=Evans |date=2022-07-08 |title=Dzifa Bampoh joins GRIDCo after resignation from Media General |url=[https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/dzifa-bampoh-joins-gridco-after-resignation-from-media-general/1rx30xl](https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/dzifa-bampoh-joins-gridco-after-resignation-from-media-general/1rx30xl) |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] pestselr1b1of6da5k5kxjhbr7e0war Dentaa 0 230159 1509393 1509114 2026-04-24T13:00:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akosua Dentaa Amoateng''' MBE (amezaliwa mwaka 1983), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Dentaa''', ni mjasiriamali, mwigizaji, mtangazaji wa televisheni, mwimbaji, mtayarishaji na meneja wa michezo mwenye asili ya Uingereza na Ghana. Aliteuliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) katika 2016 Birthday Honours.<ref>{{cite web |author=British High Commission Accra |date=11 Juni 2016 |title=Dentaa Amoateng honoured by Her Majesty The Queen |url=[https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/dentaa-amoateng-honoured-by-her-majesty-the-queen](https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/dentaa-amoateng-honoured-by-her-majesty-the-queen) |access-date=27 Juni 2016 |website=Government United Kingdom}}</ref> Mwaka 2017, alipokea tuzo ya Huduma ya Kibinadamu ya Ghana Peace Awards iliyofanyika [[Accra]], Ghana.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.modernghana.com/amp/entertainment/46115/ghana-peace-awards-rtp-awards-stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-b.html](https://www.modernghana.com/amp/entertainment/46115/ghana-peace-awards-rtp-awards-stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-b.html) |title=Ghana Peace Awards & RTP Awards: Stacy Amoateng Sweeps Two Big Awards On Saturday|date=30 Oktoba 2017|access-date=29 Novemba 2017}}</ref> Katikati ya Septemba 2020, aliteuliwa na klabu ya Asante Kotoko S.C. kuwa Meneja wa Mahusiano ya Kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/asante-kotoko-appoint-dentaa-amoateng-as-international-relations-manager/|title=Asante](https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/asante-kotoko-appoint-dentaa-amoateng-as-international-relations-manager/|title=Asante) Kotoko appoint Dentaa Amoateng as International Relations Manager|date=18 Septemba 2020|publisher=GhanaPoliticsOnline|access-date=2020-09-18|archive-date=4 Aprili 2023|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230404225732/https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/asante-kotoko-appoint-dentaa-amoateng-as-international-relations-manager/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20230404225732/https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/asante-kotoko-appoint-dentaa-amoateng-as-international-relations-manager/|url-status=dead}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] kghrf67cor4ylma2db14th04fgj76vs Nuong Faalong 0 230162 1509397 1509117 2026-04-24T13:04:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Nuong Faalong''' ni mjasiriamali, mwanahabari, mwandishi, mwanaharakati na pia mwigizaji kutoka [[Ghana]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nuong anatokea Lawra katika Upper West Region ya Ghana. Alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Aburi na baadaye akaendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ghana, Legon. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Ghana]] t9dbp7lyjksvjow5g433amif05ooiem Naana Hayford 0 230164 1509399 1509119 2026-04-24T13:04:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naana Hayford''' (amezaliwa tarehe 23 Mei), anayejulikana pia kama '''Naana Hayford Domfeh''' au '''Sofo Maame Naana Hayford''', ni mwigizaji mkongwe, mfadhili wa misaada, na mtangazaji wa redio na televisheni kutoka [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=23 Mei 2016 |title=Birthdays: Actress Naana Hayford turns a year older |url=[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Birthdays-Actress-Naana-Hayford-turns-a-year-older-441203](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Birthdays-Actress-Naana-Hayford-turns-a-year-older-441203) |access-date=15 Desemba 2024 |website=Ghana Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Remember Actress Naana Hayford? This Is How She Looks Now |url=[https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201604/275322.php](https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201604/275322.php) |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240829121747/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201604/275322.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20240829121747/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201604/275322.php) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] ogkb1g8rdukq9gy43x26fp2yh3wotb8 Peace Hyde 0 230165 1509400 1509120 2026-04-24T13:05:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Hyde''' ni mtayarishaji wa televisheni, mtangazaji wa televisheni, mbunifu wa vipindi, mwanahabari na mwanaharakati wa elimu mwenye asili ya [[Uingereza]] na [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Peace-Hyde-Ghana-s-rising-star-291279|title=Meet](http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Peace-Hyde-Ghana-s-rising-star-291279|title=Meet) Peace Hyde, Ghana's rising star|website=[www.ghanaweb.com|date=7](http://www.ghanaweb.com|date=7) Novemba 2013 |access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref> Yeye ni muundaji na mtayarishaji mkuu wa mfululizo wa kwanza wa televisheni ya uhalisia kutoka Afrika kwenye [[Netflix]] uitwao ''Young, Famous & African'', pamoja na Mkuu wa Vyombo vya Habari vya Kidijitali na Ushirikiano na pia mwandishi wa Afrika Magharibi katika jarida la [[Forbes|Forbes Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peace Hyde wins special recognition award for Aim Higher Africa at Women4Africa Awards UK - AmeyawDebrah.Com |url=[http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-wins-special-recognition-award-aim-higher-africa-women4africa-awards-uk/](http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-wins-special-recognition-award-aim-higher-africa-women4africa-awards-uk/) |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160910202159/http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-wins-special-recognition-award-aim-higher-africa-women4africa-awards-uk/](https://web.archive.org/web/20160910202159/http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-wins-special-recognition-award-aim-higher-africa-women4africa-awards-uk/) |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-08-24 |website=ameyawdebrah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CHILD EDUCATION: Peace Hyde Brings New Technology Initiative To Nigeria {{!}} 360Nobs.com |url=[https://www.360nobs.com/2015/07/child-education-peace-hyde-brings-new-technology-initiative-to-nigeria/](https://www.360nobs.com/2015/07/child-education-peace-hyde-brings-new-technology-initiative-to-nigeria/) |access-date=2016-08-24 |website=[www.360nobs.com](http://www.360nobs.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Peace Hyde's Aim Higher Africa secures partnership deal with Nasco Electronics {{!}} GhanaGist.Com |url=[http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/](http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151117075516/http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/](https://web.archive.org/web/20151117075516/http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/) |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 Novemba 2015 |access-date=2016-08-24 |website=ghanagist.com}}</ref> Pia ni mwanzilishi wa Aim Higher Africa, shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalolenga kuboresha ubora wa elimu katika jamii zenye kipato cha chini barani Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Obama Foundation Leaders: Africa Program |url=[https://www.obama.org/africa-2018/](https://www.obama.org/africa-2018/) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160601183217/http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/](https://web.archive.org/web/20160601183217/http://ghanagist.com/peace-hydes-aim-higher-africa-secures-partnership-deal-with-nasco-electronics/) |archive-date=2016-06-01 |access-date=2019-08-13 |website=Obama Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa tuzo ya African Social Impact Award katika Bunge la Uingereza, House of Commons nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peace Hyde revealed as new West Africa Correspondent: Forbes Africa |date=3 Agosti 2015 |url=[https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/peace-hyde-revealed-as-new-west-africa-correspondent-forbes-africa/](https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/peace-hyde-revealed-as-new-west-africa-correspondent-forbes-africa/) |access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Peace Hyde shortlisted to judge Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2015 - AmeyawDebrah.Com |url=[http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-shortlisted-to-judge-forbes-africa-person-of-the-year-2015/](http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-shortlisted-to-judge-forbes-africa-person-of-the-year-2015/) |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160910204306/http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-shortlisted-to-judge-forbes-africa-person-of-the-year-2015/](https://web.archive.org/web/20160910204306/http://ameyawdebrah.com/peace-hyde-shortlisted-to-judge-forbes-africa-person-of-the-year-2015/) |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-08-24 |website=ameyawdebrah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana HomePage - Breaking News, Business, Sports, Entertainment and Video News |url=[https://www.modernghana.com/news/634576/peace-hyde-is-west%20african-correspondent-for-forbes-magazine.html](https://www.modernghana.com/news/634576/peace-hyde-is-west%20african-correspondent-for-forbes-magazine.html) |access-date=2016-08-24 |website=[www.modernghana.com](http://www.modernghana.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iyanya, Peace Hyde and Others Honoured for Their Career Excellence at the "Style Africa Awards" in Los Angeles |date=10 Julai 2016 |url=[https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/07/iyanya-peace-hyde-and-others-honoured-for-their-career-excellence-at-the-style-africa-awards-in-los-angeles/](https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/07/iyanya-peace-hyde-and-others-honoured-for-their-career-excellence-at-the-style-africa-awards-in-los-angeles/) |access-date=2016-08-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] ma0s6wm61o5wgmblhot82ms7lbryurf Sonia Ibrahim 0 230166 1509401 1509121 2026-04-24T13:06:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sonia Ibrahim''' (amezaliwa tarehe 9 Januari 1989) ni mwigizaji, mtangazaji wa televisheni na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Ghana]] mwenye asili ya Lebanoni, Liberia na Ghana. Yeye ni mdogo wa mwigizaji [[Juliet Ibrahim]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] j90sljfeek37t4o6t90ot3i45sc827f Antipatro wa Kurene 0 230175 1509405 1509133 2026-04-24T13:08:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Antipater of Cyrene]] hadi [[Antipatro wa Kurene]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antipater wa Cyrene''' ( alistawi karne ya 4 KK) alikuwa mmoja wa wanafunzi wa mwanafalsafa Aristippus, mwanzilishi wa shule ya kifalsafa ya Cyrenaic school katika Cyrene, [[Libya]].<ref name="diog1">Diogenes Laërtius, [[http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekDec20&getid=1&query=Diog.%20Laert.%202.8.86](http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekDec20&getid=1&query=Diog.%20Laert.%202.8.86) ii. 86]</ref> Alikuwa na mwanafunzi aliyeitwa Epitimedes of Cyrene.<ref name="diog1"/> Kulingana na [[Cicero]], alikuwa kipofu, na baadhi ya wanawake walipolalamikia hali hiyo, alijibu, “Mna maana gani? Je, mnafikiri usiku hauwezi kuleta furaha yoyote?”<ref>Cicero, ''Tusculanae Quaestiones'', [[http://attalus.org/old/tusc5B.html#112](http://attalus.org/old/tusc5B.html#112) v. (38)112]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] 1tt9s6f9ro58b41yg71221kysjtxi7f 1509407 1509405 2026-04-24T13:10:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antipatro wa Kurene''' (alistawi karne ya 4 KK) alikuwa mmoja wa wanafunzi wa mwanafalsafa Aristipo, mwanzilishi wa shule ya kifalsafa huko [[Kurene]], [[Libya]].<ref name="diog1">Diogenes Laërtius, [[http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekDec20&getid=1&query=Diog.%20Laert.%202.8.86](http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=GreekDec20&getid=1&query=Diog.%20Laert.%202.8.86) ii. 86]</ref> Alikuwa na mwanafunzi aliyeitwa Epitimedes wa Kurene.<ref name="diog1"/> Kulingana na [[Cicero]], alikuwa kipofu, na baadhi ya wanawake walipolalamikia hali hiyo, alijibu, “Mna maana gani? Je, mnafikiri usiku hauwezi kuleta furaha yoyote?”<ref>Cicero, ''Tusculanae Quaestiones'', [[http://attalus.org/old/tusc5B.html#112](http://attalus.org/old/tusc5B.html#112) v. (38)112]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Libya]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ugiriki ya Kale]] 4ikcrtu84plyin8bxmp3kqn6vksc8p9 John Asfour 0 230177 1509409 1509135 2026-04-24T13:12:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Asfour''' alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi na mwalimu wa [[Lebanoni]] na [[Kanada]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, alipofuka macho baada ya bomu la mkono (grenedi) kulipuka usoni mwake wakati wa mgogoro wa Lebanon wa mwaka 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.christiannehayward.com/qs/page/11468/8122/-1](http://www.christiannehayward.com/qs/page/11468/8122/-1) |title=Other Programs | Christianne Hayward |accessdate=2010-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100209074622/http://www.christiannehayward.com/qs/page/11468/8122/-1](https://web.archive.org/web/20100209074622/http://www.christiannehayward.com/qs/page/11468/8122/-1) |archivedate=9 Februari 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://montrealgazette.com/news/Poetic+voices+from+near/4663356/story.html](https://montrealgazette.com/news/Poetic+voices+from+near/4663356/story.html) |title=''Montreal Gazette'': Poetic voices from near and far – Different traditions, styles and themes are on display |access-date=4 Oktoba 2018 |archive-date=30 Aprili 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200430024543/https://montrealgazette.com/news/Poetic+voices+from+near/4663356/story.html/](https://web.archive.org/web/20200430024543/https://montrealgazette.com/news/Poetic+voices+from+near/4663356/story.html/) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] 8b9re8n6mv9ok7ec5hgafg0bnsxuzuy Ludwig von Baczko 0 230178 1509411 1509136 2026-04-24T13:13:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ludwig Franz Adolf Josef von Baczko''' (8 Juni 1756 – 27 Machi 1823) alikuwa mwandishi kutoka Ujerumani.<ref name=Olstrom>{{cite book | first=Clifford E. | last=Olstrom | chapter=Ludwig von Baczko | title=Undaunted by Blindness | edition=2 | year=2012 | publisher=Perkins School for the Blind | publication-place=Watertown, Massachusetts | isbn=9780982272190 | chapter-url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9K77s1IRgoC&lpg=PT40&pg=PT40](https://books.google.com/books?id=k9K77s1IRgoC&lpg=PT40&pg=PT40) }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1756|1823}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ujerumani]] h7wm162pj6lui083uhgxmtxjrad227u Charles Auguste de Bériot 0 230179 1509412 1509137 2026-04-24T13:14:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Charles Auguste de Bériot''' (20 Februari 1802 – 8 Aprili 1870) alikuwa mpiga fidla, msanii na mtunzi wa muziki kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1802|1870}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ubelgiji]] hbrerd12jw937xb1w7i2ad5mbfxb7b9 David Blunkett 0 230182 1509413 1509140 2026-04-24T13:15:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Blunkett, Baron Blunkett''' (amezaliwa 6 Juni 1947) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Uingereza]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa Secretary of State for Education and Employment kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2001, Home Secretary kuanzia 2001 hadi 2004, na Secretary of State for Work and Pensions mwaka 2005. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Labour, na alihudumu kama Mbunge (MP) wa Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough (zamani Sheffield Brightside) kuanzia mwaka 1987 hadi 2015. Mwaka 2015, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa House of Lords kama life peer. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] ad8ehhdqso437q2ryyc9cieavhverk0 Joséphine Boulay 0 230183 1509415 1509141 2026-04-24T13:15:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Joséphine Pauline Boulay''' (22 Mei 1869 – 5 Agosti 1925) alikuwa mpiga kinanda cha kanisani (organi), mtunzi wa muziki na profesa kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1869|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] 8bpbf9lmaflif59z5yp0jo93cfam04s Rudolf Braun (mtunzi) 0 230184 1509416 1509143 2026-04-24T13:16:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rudolf Braun (composer)]] hadi [[Rudolf Braun (mtunzi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolf Braun''' (21 Oktoba 1869 – 30 Desemba 1925) alikuwa mpiga piano na mtunzi wa muziki kutoka [[Austria]] ambaye alizaliwa akiwa kipofu tangu kuzaliwa.<ref>[[http://musicsack.com/PersonFMTDetail.cfm?PersonPK=100032098](http://musicsack.com/PersonFMTDetail.cfm?PersonPK=100032098) Music Sack]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= [https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_B/Braun_Rudolf.xml](https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_B/Braun_Rudolf.xml) |title= Braun, Rudolf |website= [[Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon]]|year= 2002 }}</ref><ref name=dux>[[http://www.duxburysystems.com/downloads/library/history/blind_ed.pdf](http://www.duxburysystems.com/downloads/library/history/blind_ed.pdf) Duxbury Systems: The development of education for blind people]</ref><ref>[[http://www.blindenverband.org/wir-aktuell/veranstaltungen/archiv-2012/artikelansicht?entry=705](http://www.blindenverband.org/wir-aktuell/veranstaltungen/archiv-2012/artikelansicht?entry=705) blindenverband.org]</ref> Alizaliwa na kufariki katika mji wa [[Vienna]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1869|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Austria]] 4lu0bpr5gaebw6ikaymmh4gvzgp5vxj 1509418 1509416 2026-04-24T13:16:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolf Braun''' (21 Oktoba 1869 – 30 Desemba 1925) alikuwa mpiga piano na mtunzi wa muziki kutoka [[Austria]] ambaye alizaliwa akiwa kipofu tangu kuzaliwa.<ref>[[http://musicsack.com/PersonFMTDetail.cfm?PersonPK=100032098](http://musicsack.com/PersonFMTDetail.cfm?PersonPK=100032098) Music Sack]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= [https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_B/Braun_Rudolf.xml](https://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml/musik_B/Braun_Rudolf.xml) |title= Braun, Rudolf |website= [[Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon]]|year= 2002 }}</ref><ref name=dux>[[http://www.duxburysystems.com/downloads/library/history/blind_ed.pdf](http://www.duxburysystems.com/downloads/library/history/blind_ed.pdf) Duxbury Systems: The development of education for blind people]</ref><ref>[[http://www.blindenverband.org/wir-aktuell/veranstaltungen/archiv-2012/artikelansicht?entry=705](http://www.blindenverband.org/wir-aktuell/veranstaltungen/archiv-2012/artikelansicht?entry=705) blindenverband.org]</ref> Alizaliwa na kufariki katika mji wa [[Vienna]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1869|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Austria]] 4sx3nojxu3j5xdrq0j3p56j95dgzlv0 Julius Oscar Brefeld 0 230186 1509419 1509145 2026-04-24T13:17:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509419 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julius Oscar Brefeld''' (19 Agosti 1839 – 12 Januari 1925), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Oscar Brefeld''',<ref name=MJ>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Authors/Brefeld671.html|title=Julius](http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Authors/Brefeld671.html|title=Julius) Oscar Brefeld|accessdate=29 Novemba 2011|publisher=mushroomthejournal.com}}</ref> alikuwa mtaalamu wa mimea na mtaalamu wa kuvu (mykolojia) kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1839|1925}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Ujerumani]] d6y1l45ppzmrx8golqjyg2z7bmcdfvr Eleanor Gertrude Brown 0 230187 1509420 1509146 2026-04-24T13:17:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Eleanor Gertrude Brown''' (28 Agosti 1887 – 21 Julai 1964) alikuwa msomi wa kazi za [[John Milton]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1887|1964}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3mv8cokmlzy4rhkvlr67tbs426t97t3 Fyodor Buslaev 0 230188 1509421 1509148 2026-04-24T13:18:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev''' ( 25 Aprili 1818 – 12 Agosti 1898) alikuwa mtaalamu wa filolojia, mwanahistoria wa sanaa na mtafiti wa fasihi simulizi kutoka [[Urusi]]. Aliwakilisha mkondo wa Mythological school katika taaluma ya fasihi linganishi na isimu linganishi. Aliathiriwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Jacob Grimm na Theodor Benfey. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1818|1898}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] 1lmothwnal2lii5ocv5d0338txepa9e Joaquín Camacho 0 230189 1509422 1509149 2026-04-24T13:19:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Joaquín Justo Camacho y Rodríguez de Lago''' (17 Julai 1766 – 31 Agosti 1816) alikuwa mwanasiasa, mwanasheria, mwanahabari na profesa wa Neogranada (eneo lililojulikana kama Viceroyalty of the New Granada), ambaye alishiriki katika harakati za uhuru wa [[Colombia|New Granada]] (leo [[Kolombia]]). Alishiriki katika Baraza la Wazi (''Cabildo Abierto'') lililotangaza Azimio la Uhuru, na pia alikuwa miongoni mwa waliotia saini tamko hilo. Baadaye aliuawa wakati wa kipindi cha utawala wa hofu kilichoongozwa na Pablo Morillo kufuatia Spanish invasion of New Granada. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1766|1816}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kolombia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Kolombia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] l15ltsvruzwdesed69jnj7l43oq1178 William Henry Charsley 0 230190 1509423 1509151 2026-04-24T13:19:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''William Henry Charsley''' (1820 – 2 Novemba 1900) alikuwa msomi kutoka [[Uingereza]], aliyehudumu kama Mkuu wa Charsley's Hall katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford kuanzia mwaka 1862 hadi 1891. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1820|1900}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] 5pebzfphwjz8a6a2q23z2zvbxzs11vh Sheryl Albers 0 230191 1509424 1509152 2026-04-24T13:20:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheryl Albers''' ([[9 Septemba]] [[1954]] – [[25 Mei]] 2022) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="Albers">{{cite web|title=Sheryl K. Albers's Biography|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/3468/officials|publisher=Vote Smart|access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] ol5aaalxnmi9p1suzk6b6hyucwdyrvs Mihai Codreanu 0 230193 1509426 1509155 2026-04-24T13:20:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mihai Codreanu''' (25 Julai 1876 – 23 Oktoba 1957) alikuwa mshairi wa [[Romania]], anayejulikana hasa kwa utunzi wa soneti. Akiwa mzaliwa na mkazi wa maisha yake yote wa mji wa Iași, alichapisha diwani yake ya kwanza ya mashairi mwaka 1901, ikifuatiwa na nyingine miaka miwili baadaye iliyomjengea sifa na umaarufu. Mbali na diwani nyingine ya soneti mwaka 1914 na mbili zaidi katika miaka ya 1920, aliandika pia tafsiri tatu zilizofanikiwa sana za tamthilia za Kifaransa. Aidha, alihariri mfululizo wa magazeti na kuandika kwa upana katika majarida mbalimbali ya fasihi. Akiwa na mvuto wa jukwaa tangu awali, aliiongoza na kuifanyia mageuzi ukumbi mkuu wa michezo wa jiji lake kwa miaka kadhaa baada ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, na katika miaka ya 1930 alikuwa mkuu wa shule ya sanaa ya Iași. Kuanzia mwaka 1905, alipata ugonjwa wa macho uliomfanya ashindwe kusoma au kuandika, hivyo akitekeleza shughuli hizo kupitia wasaidizi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1876|1957}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Romania]] 14rx0yylr3hrte4pt3pfv05q6xoazz6 Arnold Cook 0 230194 1509427 1509156 2026-04-24T13:21:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnold Charles Cook''' (5 Mei 1922 – 30 Juni 1981) alikuwa msomi wa [[Australia]] na mhadhiri mwandamizi wa uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Western Australia (UWA). Alikuwa kipofu tangu akiwa katika miaka yake ya ujana, na anajulikana kwa kuleta nchini Australia mbwa mwongoza vipofu wa kwanza aliyefundishwa kitaaluma kutoka nje ya nchi mwaka 1950, pamoja na kuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuanzisha kituo cha kwanza cha mafunzo ya mbwa wa kuwaongoza vipofu nchini humo.<ref name=hasluck>{{cite web |title=To Guide and Guard: An early history of Guide Dogs in Australia |last=Hasluck |first=Alexandra |publisher=Association for the Blind of Western Australia |year=1966 |url=[https://www.visability.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/history-guideguard.pdf](https://www.visability.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/history-guideguard.pdf) |accessdate=18 June 2012 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190325080114/https://www.visability.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/history-guideguard.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20190325080114/https://www.visability.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/history-guideguard.pdf) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mclure">{{cite web |title=Thirty Years of Economics: UWA and the WA Branch of the Economic Society from 1963 to 1992 |last=McLure |first=Michael |publisher=University of Western Australia |year=2009 |url=[http://www.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/606306/09_18_McLure.pdf](http://www.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/606306/09_18_McLure.pdf) |accessdate=18 June 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|1981}} [[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Australia]] t21lgv2rjyi23ufmxo729vcnyo3wbtd Richard O. Cowan 0 230197 1509429 1509160 2026-04-24T13:22:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Olsen Cowan''' (amezaliwa 1934) ni mwanahistoria wa [[Wamormoni|Kanisa la Yesu Kristo la Watakatifu wa Siku za Mwisho]] na profesa wa zamani katika Idara ya Historia ya Kanisa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Brigham Young (BYU).<ref>Jina la kati limetokana na {{cite journal | author=Boone, David F. | author-link=David F. Boone | title=The Worldwide Evacuation of Latter-day Saint Missionaries at the Beginning of World War II | journal=Theses and Dissertations | date=August 1981 | publisher=Department of History, Brigham Young University | series=[master's thesis] | url=[http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4542/](http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4542/) | access-date=2016-02-09}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa wahadhiri waliotumikia kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika BYU na pia mwanachama aliyedumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi kuwahi kutumikia katika Idara ya Historia ya Kanisa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Marekani]] pn26vl3b2zutw9kkebhw09hfoxegcsv Rupert Cross 0 230199 1509431 1509162 2026-04-24T13:23:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Alfred Rupert Neale Cross''' QC FBA (15 Juni 1912, Chelsea, London – 12 Septemba 1980, Oxford) alikuwa mwanazuoni wa sheria kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa pili kati ya wana wawili wa Arthur George Cross, mbunifu wa majengo aliyefanya kazi Hastings,<ref name="hart">H. L. A. Hart, 'Arthur Rupert Neale Cross', ''Proceedings of the British Academy, LXX, 1984'', London : Oxford University Press, 1985, pp. 405–407.</ref> na Mary Elizabeth (née Dalton).<ref name="who">''Who Was Who, 1971–80'', London : A. & C. Black, 1981, p. 186.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1912|1980}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Uingereza]] how7ibc3yzs4g8jwoorstdo7qywai3i Sebastian Demanop 0 230201 1509432 1509164 2026-04-24T13:24:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sebastian Michael Demanop''' (10 Juni 1928 – 8 Juni 2022) alikuwa mwanaharakati kipofu wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Uthai]], aliyeishi Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kipofu kutoka Uthai kupata elimu ya juu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 8yc25qdixzqwqx28vh0p9gli3tbsqt3 1509433 1509432 2026-04-24T13:25:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sebastian Michael Demanop''' (10 Juni 1928 – 8 Juni 2022) alikuwa mwanaharakati kipofu wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Uthai]], aliyeishi Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kipofu kutoka Uthai kupata elimu ya juu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uthai]] 6b11ox3eqya7etekto0g8xbbbr1i81x Wanda Díaz-Merced 0 230202 1509434 1509165 2026-04-24T13:27:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wanda Díaz-Merced''' ni mwanaastronomia kutoka [[Puerto Rico]] anayejulikana kwa kutumia mbinu ya sonification kubadilisha seti kubwa za data kuwa sauti inayosikika. Aliwahi kufanya kazi katika Kituo cha Uangalizi wa Mawimbi ya Mvuto cha Ulaya (European Gravitational Observatory) kilichopo Cascina, Italia, na kwa sasa ni Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Elimu cha STEM cha Arecibo C3 katika Observatorio ya Arecibo. Akiwa anapoteza uwezo wa kuona, Díaz-Merced alichangia kuhamasisha usawa wa upatikanaji katika taaluma ya unajimu na matumizi ya sauti katika kuchunguza data za astrofizikia. Pia ametajwa na BBC miongoni mwa wanawake saba walioleta mageuzi makubwa katika sayansi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-11-06 |title=100 Women: Seven trailblazing women in science |url=[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41861232](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41861232) |access-date=2020-10-14 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD| |}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Puero Rico]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Puero Rico]] 7isi7rn5pn38sv4wn2crj9o67c25miu 1509435 1509434 2026-04-24T13:27:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wanda Díaz-Merced''' ni mwanaastronomia kutoka [[Puerto Rico]] anayejulikana kwa kutumia mbinu ya sonification kubadilisha seti kubwa za data kuwa sauti inayosikika. Aliwahi kufanya kazi katika Kituo cha Uangalizi wa Mawimbi ya Mvuto cha Ulaya (European Gravitational Observatory) kilichopo Cascina, Italia, na kwa sasa ni Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Elimu cha STEM cha Arecibo C3 katika Observatorio ya Arecibo. Akiwa anapoteza uwezo wa kuona, Díaz-Merced alichangia kuhamasisha usawa wa upatikanaji katika taaluma ya unajimu na matumizi ya sauti katika kuchunguza data za astrofizikia. Pia ametajwa na BBC miongoni mwa wanawake saba walioleta mageuzi makubwa katika sayansi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-11-06 |title=100 Women: Seven trailblazing women in science |url=[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41861232](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-41861232) |access-date=2020-10-14 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD| |}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Puerto Rico]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Puerto Rico]] qqh9ej01obpl1qifuy9p0va165hx0q1 Bertha Gyndykes Dkhar 0 230203 1509437 1509166 2026-04-24T13:28:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bertha Gyndykes Dkhar''' ni mwalimu wa [[India]] mwenye ulemavu wa kuona, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kubuni mfumo wa nukta nundu (Braille) kwa lugha ya Khasi.<ref name="Tehelka">{{cite web | url=[http://www.tehelka.com/inspirations-bertha-g-dkhar-52/](http://www.tehelka.com/inspirations-bertha-g-dkhar-52/) | title=Tehelka | publisher=Tehelka | work=News report | date=13 August 2011 | access-date=15 November 2014 | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033635/http://www.tehelka.com/inspirations-bertha-g-dkhar-52/](https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033635/http://www.tehelka.com/inspirations-bertha-g-dkhar-52/) | archive-date=29 November 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Woman for Society">{{cite web | url=[http://womanforsociety.com/bertha-dkhar/](http://womanforsociety.com/bertha-dkhar/) | title=Woman for Society | publisher=Woman for Society | work=Web Profile | date=2014 | access-date=15 November 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041306/http://womanforsociety.com/bertha-dkhar/](https://web.archive.org/web/20141129041306/http://womanforsociety.com/bertha-dkhar/) | archive-date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> Mwaka 2010, Serikali ya India ilimtunuku tuzo ya Padma Shri, ambayo ni mojawapo ya tuzo za juu za kiraia nchini humo.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web |url=[http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf](http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf) |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Padma Shri |date=2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf) |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD| |}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uhindi]] lig537ptyc4gpmoimhzw7d1sa43npz5 Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch 0 230204 1509438 1509168 2026-04-24T13:29:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch''' (16 Agosti 1802 – 30 Septemba 1896) alikuwa mwanahisabati, mwanamantiki, mwanasaikolojia na mwanafalsafa wa [[Ujerumani]]. Ndugu yake alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki Karl Ludwig Drobisch (1803–1854). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1802|1896}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Ujerumani]] l9x4hdfjixkeq7verigpg0v5xt9he8j Samuel Genensky 0 230205 1509440 1509169 2026-04-24T13:29:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel M. Genensky''' (26 Julai 1927, katika mji wa New Bedford, Massachusetts – 26 Juni 2009, Santa Monica, California) alikuwa mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mvumbuzi wa vifaa vinavyosaidia watu wenye uoni hafifu. Pia alijulikana kwa utetezi wake kwa niaba ya watu wenye ulemavu wa kuona. Alikuwa mwana wa Rabbi Zev Genensky. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2009}} [[Jamii:mabingwa wa kompyuta wa Marekani]] rrflmtlg54o388zz8993rpxijg2b0rs Yekutiel Gershoni 0 230206 1509441 1509170 2026-04-24T13:30:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Yekutiel Gershoni''' (28 Februari 1943 – 14 Julai 2021) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa [[Israeli]] na bingwa wa Michezo ya Paralimpiki. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|2021}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Israeli]] ik8he5lq2cuduc2tzyyukveyc0o5pw1 Michael Glykas 0 230207 1509442 1509171 2026-04-24T13:31:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Glykas''' (au '''Glycas''') alikuwa mwanahistoria, mwanatheolojia, mwanahisabati, mwanaastronomia na mshairi wa Dola ya Bizanti wa karne ya 12. Inaaminika kuwa alitoka Corfu na aliishi Konstantinopoli. Alikuwa mkosoaji wa Kaizari Manuel I Komnenos, na alifungwa gerezani na kupofushwa kutokana na kushiriki kwake katika njama dhidi ya mfalme. Tafiti za kisasa pia humtambulisha na Michael Sikidites (Μιχαὴλ Σικιδίτης), ambaye alihukumiwa kama kiongozi wa uzushi (heresiarch) mwaka 1200. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD| |}} [[Jamii:wanahistoria wa Ugiriki]] 7h6fg2rxs9zgtunpj6lvbebaruzd55h 1509443 1509442 2026-04-24T13:32:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Michael Glykas''' (au '''Glycas''') alikuwa mwanahistoria, mwanatheolojia, mwanahisabati, mwanaastronomia na mshairi wa Dola la Bizanti wa karne ya 12. Inaaminika kuwa alitoka Corfu na aliishi Konstantinopoli. Alikuwa mkosoaji wa Kaizari Manuel I Komnenos, na alifungwa gerezani na kupofushwa kutokana na kushiriki kwake katika njama dhidi ya mfalme. Tafiti za kisasa pia humtambulisha na Michael Sikidites (Μιχαὴλ Σικιδίτης), ambaye alihukumiwa kama kiongozi wa wazushi mwaka 1200. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|karne ya 12|}} [[Jamii:wanahistoria wa Ugiriki]] nhey00l3jectcgto8lqzorluztotx4d Emmanuel Giroux 0 230208 1509445 1509173 2026-04-24T13:33:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Giroux''' (amezaliwa 1961) ni mwanahisabati wa [[Ufaransa]] asiyeona, anayejulikana kwa utafiti wake katika jiometria ya mguso (contact geometry) na mgawanyo wa “open book”.<ref name="world">{{citation|title=The world of blind mathematicians|journal=Notices of the American Mathematical Society|volume=49|issue=10|pages=1246–1251|date=November 2002|first=Allyn|last=Jackson|url=[https://www.ams.org/notices/200210/comm-morin.pdf}}](https://www.ams.org/notices/200210/comm-morin.pdf}}).</ref><ref name="le monde">{{citation|url=[http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2015/06/22/emmanuel-giroux-menuisier-des-maths_4659371_1650684.html|language=French|title=Emmanuel](http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2015/06/22/emmanuel-giroux-menuisier-des-maths_4659371_1650684.html|language=French|title=Emmanuel) Giroux, menuisier des maths|journal=Le Monde|date=June 22, 2015|first=Nathaniel|last=Herzberg}}.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Ufaransa]] sr0d0sh0qz3ozi0563t22mg84oecj20 Yevgeny Golubinsky 0 230209 1509446 1509174 2026-04-24T13:34:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yevgeny Yevsigneyevich Golubinsky''' ( 28 Februari 1834 – 7 Januari 1912) alikuwa mmoja wa wanahistoria wakuu watatu wa kanisa katika Milki ya [[Urusi]], pamoja na Macarius Bulgakov na Filaret Gumilevsky. Alizingatiwa kuwa mtaalamu mkuu kuhusu watakatifu wa Urusi wa enzi za kati.<ref>Richard Taruskin. ''Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions''. University of California Press, 1996. Ukurasa 90.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1834|1912}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Urusi]] smg3quz7rigz2ma3wv6zq1e4aaifhkt John Gough (mwanafalsafa) 0 230210 1509447 1509175 2026-04-24T13:34:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Gough (natural philosopher)]] hadi [[John Gough (mwanafalsafa)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Gough''' ({{|g|ɒ|f}} {GOF}}; 17 Januari 1757 – 28 Julai 1825) alikuwa mwanafalsafa wa asili na wa majaribio kutoka [[Uingereza]] aliyekuwa kipofu. Anajulikana kwa tafiti zake binafsi pamoja na ushawishi wake kwa John Dalton na William Whewell. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1757|1825}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] da6csicszw12zab8as2mowhyagb0whe 1509449 1509447 2026-04-24T13:36:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''John Gough''' (17 Januari 1757 – 28 Julai 1825) alikuwa mwanafalsafa wa asili na wa majaribio kutoka [[Uingereza]] aliyekuwa kipofu. Anajulikana kwa tafiti zake binafsi pamoja na ushawishi wake kwa John Dalton na William Whewell. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1757|1825}} [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Uingereza]] 31vhlbg7rj3ynrjy2lz4rldqam45cp1 Sanford Greenberg 0 230211 1509450 1509176 2026-04-24T13:36:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sanford "Sandy" David Greenberg''' (amezaliwa 13 Desemba 1940) ni mvumbuzi, mwandishi, mtumishi wa umma na mfadhili kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa juhudi zake za kufikia lengo la kutokomeza upofu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/health/wilmer-eye-institute-board-chairman-sandy-greenberg-aims-to-end-blindness/|title=Mind's](https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/health/wilmer-eye-institute-board-chairman-sandy-greenberg-aims-to-end-blindness/|title=Mind's) Eye|first=Mike|last=Morgan|date=November 8, 2017|website=Baltimore Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/about/publications/wilmer-magazine/SightLine%20Spring%202012.pdf|title=Security](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/about/publications/wilmer-magazine/SightLine%20Spring%202012.pdf|title=Security) Violation}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 7mn2ayivcy5xlr08dnbsey7h3bamrw4 William A. Hadley 0 230212 1509451 1509177 2026-04-24T13:37:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Allen Hadley''' (1860–1941) alikuwa mwalimu, msimamizi wa kitaaluma na mtetezi wa haki za watu wasioona kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=William Allen Hadley |url=[https://sites.aph.org/hall/inductees/hadley/#:~:text=William%20Hadley%20(1860-1941),of%20Schools%20in%20Wilmar,%20MN](https://sites.aph.org/hall/inductees/hadley/#:~:text=William%20Hadley%20%281860-1941%29,of%20Schools%20in%20Wilmar,%20MN). |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Hall of Fame: Leaders and Legends of the Blindness Field |publisher=American Printing House for the Blind}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Olstrom |first=Clifford E. |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9K77s1IRgoC](https://books.google.com/books?id=k9K77s1IRgoC) |title=Undaunted by Blindness, 2nd Edition |date=2012-07-10 |publisher=Perkins School for the Blind |isbn=978-0-9822721-9-0 |language=en |chapter=William A. Hadley}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Hadley School for the Blind kilichopo Winnetka, Illinois. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1860|1941}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] p0uiyktio0759579cty1cmpmn8jo7vk Olga Hahn-Neurath 0 230213 1509453 1509178 2026-04-24T13:37:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olga Hahn-Neurath''' (20 Julai 1882 – 20 Julai 1937) alikuwa mwanahisabati na mwanafalsafa kutoka [[Austria]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mwanachama wa Vienna Circle. Alikuwa dada wa mwanahisabati [[Hans Hahn]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1882|1937}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Austria]] qq5nu70lwafqxc81s36s8hhl2rhlaqz James Harris (solicitor) 0 230214 1509454 1509179 2026-04-24T13:38:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''James W. Harris''' FBA (1940–2004) alikuwa mwanasheria (solisita), msomi na profesa wa sheria kutoka [[Uingereza]] katika Keble College, Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|2004}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Uingereza]] hn8i2tyhqeklnszn7w87pyalrcgu8we Jonathan Nash Hearder 0 230215 1509455 1509180 2026-04-24T13:38:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Nash Hearder''' (24 Desemba 1809 – 16 Julai 1876) alikuwa mhandisi wa umeme, mvumbuzi na mwalimu kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake katika kubuni mbinu mbadala za majaribio kwa matumizi ya watu wasioona na wenye uoni hafifu, pamoja na ubunifu wake wa awali katika nyanja ya koili za uingizaji (induction coils). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1809|1876}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Uingereza]] hdfwel31u9mqjry783fqrvuxs9wcv59 Burkhard Heim 0 230216 1509459 1509226 2026-04-24T13:39:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Burkhard Heim''' (9 Februari 1925 – 14 Januari 2001) alikuwa mwanafizikia wa nadharia kutoka [[Ujerumani]] anayejulikana kwa kupendekeza nadharia ya uga uliounganishwa iitwayo Heim theory, ambayo alidai ingeweza kuwa na matumizi katika maendeleo ya safari za anga ya ziada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lietz |first=Haiko |date=4 Januari 2006 |title=Take a leap into hyperspace |url=[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18925331-200-take-a-leap-into-hyperspace/](https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18925331-200-take-a-leap-into-hyperspace/) |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Ludwiger">{{cite web|last = von Ludwiger|first = Illobrand|date = 28 Januari 2001|title = Zum Tode des Physikers Burkhard Heim|location=Feldkirchen-Westerham|url=[http://www.mufon-ces.org/text/deutsch/heim.htm|language=de}}](http://www.mufon-ces.org/text/deutsch/heim.htm|language=de}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1925|2001}} [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Ujerumani]] jvpt4wh78m6fgf54voxdphxeb7b8c20 Hermann wa Reichenau 0 230217 1509462 1509227 2026-04-24T13:46:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hermann_Reichenau_Ofenkachel.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Hermann alivyochorwa.]] '''Hermann wa Reichenau''' (au '''Herman Mlemavu''', anayejulikana pia kwa majina mengine; 18 Julai 1013 – 24 Septemba 1054) alikuwa mtawa Mbenedikto na msomi wa karne ya 11. Aliandika kazi mbalimbali kuhusu [[historia]], nadharia ya muziki, [[hisabati]], na [[astronomia]], pamoja na tungo nyingi za nyimbo za kidini. Kwa muda mrefu amehusishwa na utunzi wa nyimbo za "[[Salve Regina]]", "[[Veni Sancte Spiritus]]",<ref name=eb9>{{citation |contribution=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Hermann (2.)|Hermann]] |title=[[:s:Encyclopaedia Britannica|Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |edition=[[:s:EB9|9th]] |volume=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume XI|Vol. XI]] |date=1880 }}.</ref> na "[[Alma Redemptoris Mater]]",<ref>''The Tradition of Catholic Prayer'' by Christian Raab, Harry Hagan 2007 {{ISBN|0-8146-3184-3}} ukurasa wa 234</ref><ref>''Handbook of Prayers'' by James Socías 2006 {{ISBN|0-87973-579-1}} ukurasa wa 472</ref> ingawa uhusiano huo wakati mwingine hutiliwa shaka. UthibitishO wa Heshima yake na kutangazwa kwake mwenye heri na Kanisa Katoliki vilifanyika Roma mwaka 1863. Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 25 Septemba. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|1013|1054}} [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Wabenedikto]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ujerumani]] fttw039hgd49nxm00x8dfjyj4jr6xj1 1509463 1509462 2026-04-24T13:46:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Hermann of Reichenau]] hadi [[Hermann wa Reichenau]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hermann_Reichenau_Ofenkachel.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Hermann alivyochorwa.]] '''Hermann wa Reichenau''' (au '''Herman Mlemavu''', anayejulikana pia kwa majina mengine; 18 Julai 1013 – 24 Septemba 1054) alikuwa mtawa Mbenedikto na msomi wa karne ya 11. Aliandika kazi mbalimbali kuhusu [[historia]], nadharia ya muziki, [[hisabati]], na [[astronomia]], pamoja na tungo nyingi za nyimbo za kidini. Kwa muda mrefu amehusishwa na utunzi wa nyimbo za "[[Salve Regina]]", "[[Veni Sancte Spiritus]]",<ref name=eb9>{{citation |contribution=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Hermann (2.)|Hermann]] |title=[[:s:Encyclopaedia Britannica|Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |edition=[[:s:EB9|9th]] |volume=[[:s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume XI|Vol. XI]] |date=1880 }}.</ref> na "[[Alma Redemptoris Mater]]",<ref>''The Tradition of Catholic Prayer'' by Christian Raab, Harry Hagan 2007 {{ISBN|0-8146-3184-3}} ukurasa wa 234</ref><ref>''Handbook of Prayers'' by James Socías 2006 {{ISBN|0-87973-579-1}} ukurasa wa 472</ref> ingawa uhusiano huo wakati mwingine hutiliwa shaka. UthibitishO wa Heshima yake na kutangazwa kwake mwenye heri na Kanisa Katoliki vilifanyika Roma mwaka 1863. Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 25 Septemba. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|1013|1054}} [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Wabenedikto]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ujerumani]] fttw039hgd49nxm00x8dfjyj4jr6xj1 Robert V. Hine 0 230218 1509618 1509228 2026-04-25T10:44:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Van Norden Hine Jr.''' (26 Aprili 1921, Los Angeles – 27 Machi 2015, [[Irvine, California]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa kumbukumbu binafsi, mwandishi wa riwaya za kihistoria, na profesa wa historia kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeandika vitabu kadhaa. Kumbukumbu yake ya mwaka 1993 iitwayo ''Second Sight'' inaelezea uzoefu wake wa kupoteza uwezo wa kuona alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 50, na baadaye kurejesha sehemu ya uwezo huo wa kuona miaka 15 baadaye kwa msaada wa upasuaji wenye hatari kubwa.<ref name=ObitLA>{{cite news|author=Woo, Elaine|url=[https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-robert-hine-20150420-story.html|title=Robert](https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-robert-hine-20150420-story.html|title=Robert) V. Hine dies at 93; historian wrote of losing, regaining sight|date=19 Aprili 2015|newspaper=LA Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0145482X9508900218|title=Book Review: ''Second Sight''|year=1995|last1=Kent|first1=D.|journal=Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness|volume=89|issue=2|pages=184–186|s2cid=220537763 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-520-08195-6|title=Nonfiction](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-520-08195-6|title=Nonfiction) Book Review: ''Second Sight'' by Robert V. Hine|date=2 Agosti 1993|website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1921|2015}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] mtekb81ejyk1qhgayipewqhjled67dl James Holman 0 230219 1509619 1509231 2026-04-25T10:46:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''James Holman''' FRS (15 Oktoba 1786 – 29 Julai 1857), anayejulikana kama "Msafiri Kipofu", alikuwa mpelelezi, mwandishi na mchunguzi wa kijamii kutoka Uingereza, anayejulikana zaidi kwa maandishi yake kuhusu safari zake nyingi. Akiwa kipofu kabisa na akipitia maumivu pamoja na uhamaji mdogo, alifanya safari nyingi akiwa peke yake ambazo zilikuwa za kipekee kwa upana wa maeneo aliyofika na pia kwa mbinu yake ya kutumia mwangwi wa sauti wa binadamu. Mwaka 1866, mwandishi wa habari William Jerdan aliandika kwamba, "Kuanzia [[Marco Polo]] hadi Mungo Park, hakuna wasafiri watatu maarufu wakikusanywa pamoja wangeweza kuzidi ukubwa na utofauti wa nchi alizotembelea mwenzetu huyu kipofu." Mnamo mwaka 1832, Holman alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kipofu kuzunguka dunia nzima. Aliendelea kusafiri, na kufikia Oktoba 1846 alikuwa ametembelea kila bara lenye watu duniani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1786|1857}} [[Jamii:Wapelelezi wa Uingereza]] 989w2x199p0mw1pyqxfdo3k2smauje0 Leila Holterhoff 0 230220 1509620 1509232 2026-04-25T10:46:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leila Holterhoff''' (29 Oktoba 1885 – 21 Februari 1968) alikuwa mwimbaji soprano wa matamasha kutoka [[Los Angeles, California]] nchini Marekani, ambaye baadaye (akiwa anajulikana kama '''Leila Mosher''') alikuja kuwa mwanasaikolojia wa uchambuzi (psychoanalyst), mtafsiri, na mfadhili wa shughuli za kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1885|1968}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] bonqis74e4ql6uoa66v7yh5j15m5wuu Samuel Gridley Howe 0 230221 1509621 1509234 2026-04-25T10:47:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Gridley Howe''' (10 Novemba 1801 – 9 Januari 1876) alikuwa daktari, mpinga utumwa, na mtetezi wa elimu kwa watu wenye [[blindness|upofu]] kutoka Marekani. Alianzisha na alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kwanza wa Taasisi ya Perkins kwa Vipofu. Mnamo mwaka 1824, alisafiri kwenda Ugiriki kuhudumu kama daktari wa upasuaji katika Vita vya Uhuru vya Ugiriki. Alipanga misaada kwa wakimbizi na kuwaleta watoto wengi wa Kigiriki hadi Boston kwa ajili ya kupata elimu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1801|1876}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 777dst76tbwlvh3ak76yb7ngtwn4ym5 Taha Hussein 0 230222 1509622 1509236 2026-04-25T10:48:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taha Hussein''' (15 Novemba 1889 – 28 Oktoba 1973) alikuwa miongoni mwa waandishi na wasomi wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa [[Misri]] katika karne ya 20, na alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wakuu wa Uamsho wa Kiarabu pamoja na harakati ya usasa katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Hussam R.|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|title=The](https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|title=The) Last Nahdawi: Taha Hussein and Institution Building in Egypt|date=2021-06-15|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-1-5036-2796-3|language=en|access-date=December 18, 2021|archive-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}})</ref> Lakabu yake ilikuwa "Mkuu wa Fasihi ya Kiarabu" ʿAmīd al-Adab al-ʿArabī|links=no}}).<ref name=Ghanayim1994>{{cite journal | author = Ghanayim, M. | year = 1994 | title = Mahmud Amin al-Alim: Between Politics and Literary Criticism | journal = Poetics Today | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 321–338 | doi = 10.2307/1773168 | publisher = Poetics Today, Vol. 15, No. 2 | jstor=1773168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|title=طه](https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|title=طه) حسين عميد الأدب العربي: حياته، آثاره الأدبية و آراؤه|date=1997|language=ar|access-date=February 27, 2021|archive-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|url-status=live}})</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi mara ishirini na moja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Nomination Archive: Taha Hussein |url=[https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387](https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387) |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220814015801/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387](https://web.archive.org/web/20220814015801/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387) |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1889|1973}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]] c0kn7e02kcxp9lnynuz7udgiljx6cbo George E. Hyde 0 230223 1509623 1509237 2026-04-25T10:48:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Elmer Hyde''' (1882–1968) alikuwa "Mkuu wa Wanahistoria wa Wenyeji wa Marekani."<ref name="Hyde">{{cite web |title=George E. Hyde, 1882-1968 |url=[https://history.nebraska.gov/collection_section/george-e-hyde-1882-1968-rg0724-am/](https://history.nebraska.gov/collection_section/george-e-hyde-1882-1968-rg0724-am/) |website=History Nebraska |access-date=15 December 2023}}</ref> Aliandika vitabu vingi kuhusu makabila ya Waindio wa Marekani, hasa Sioux na Pawnee, pamoja na wasifu wa shujaa na mwanahistoria wa Cheyenne, George Bent. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1882|1968}} [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] j3y5fyw4drilslajihptyrqq9bnswtm Ibrahim ibn Baks 0 230225 1509624 1509240 2026-04-25T10:50:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim ibn Baks''' (alifariki [[1003]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]]) alikuwa tabibu na mhadhiri wa kawaida katika Hospitali ya Al-'Adudi, bimaristan iliyokuwa katika mji wa [[Baghdad]] wakati wa Enzi ya Dhahabu ya Kiislamu. Alipata upofu mwishoni mwa maisha yake.<ref name="ward">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Bāqir Amīn|title=Muʻǧam al-ʻulamāʼ al-ʻArab|edition=1st|year=1986|editor-last=Awad|editor-first=Gurgis|publisher=ʻĀlam al-Kutub : Maktabaẗ al-Nahḍaẗ al-ʻArabiyyaẗ|location=Bayrūt|language=Arabic|volume=1|page=43}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|karne ya 10|1003}} [[Jamii:Madaktari]] [[Jamii:wanasayansi wa Iraki]] e4ihab8wnctukdshwzxm2tdfh1uffvn Graeme Innes 0 230226 1509625 1509241 2026-04-25T10:51:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Graeme Gordon Innes''' (amezaliwa 9 Agosti 1955{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}) ni mwanasheria, mpatanishi na mkurugenzi wa kampuni kutoka [[Australia]], pia ni chansela wa chuo kikuu, na aliwahi kuwa Kamishna wa Ubaguzi wa Ulemavu nchini Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.humanrights.gov.au/about/president-commissioners](https://www.humanrights.gov.au/about/president-commissioners) |title=President & Commissioners | Australian Human Rights Commission |publisher=Humanrights.gov.au |date= |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref> kuanzia Desemba 2005 hadi Julai 2014. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Australia]] axhb5v9lsjrp211qy7mjiix7eywe82z Howard Hille Johnson 0 230229 1509626 1509244 2026-04-25T10:52:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Howard Hille Johnson''' (19 Februari 1846 – 8 Februari 1913) alikuwa mwalimu na mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa na [[Blindness|upofu]], akifanya kazi katika majimbo ya [[Virginia]] na [[West Virginia]]. Johnson alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuanzishwa kwa West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and Blind mwaka 1870, na baada ya hapo alifundisha wanafunzi vipofu katika Shule ya Vipofu ya taasisi hiyo kwa muda wa miaka 43. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1846|1913}} [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] ed5m3fuut0fx5kx6fb88oid65mjyzbi Young Woo Kang 0 230231 1509627 1509247 2026-04-25T10:53:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Young Woo Kang''' (6 Januari 1944 – 24 Februari 2012) alikuwa mtetezi wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu, mwandishi, na mhadhiri. Alijulikana kwa kazi yake ya kuendeleza alfabeti ya nukta nundu kwa lugha ya Kikorea. Alikuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Dunia ya Ulemavu. Kang pia aliwahi kuwa mshauri wa sera katika National Council on Disability kwa Ikulu ya [[Marekani]], akihudumu chini ya rais wa zamani [[George W. Bush. Mwaka 2001, Kang alipokea Tuzo ya Mchango na Mafanikio Bora kutoka Jumuiya ya Asian American.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.ntac.hawaii.edu/employ_success_stories/consumers/stories/story002.html](http://www.ntac.hawaii.edu/employ_success_stories/consumers/stories/story002.html) |title=Success Stories: Dr. Young-Woo Kang |publisher=Ntac.hawaii.edu |access-date=2011-02-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1944|2012}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 8wd4j80se49wtyictopv0phxspuj2hy William Ogilvy Kermack 0 230233 1509628 1509249 2026-04-25T10:56:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Ogilvy Kermack''' FRS FRSE FRIC (26 Aprili 1898 – 20 Julai 1970) alikuwa [[Mskoti]] mwanabiokemia. Alifanya tafiti za kihisabati kuhusu uenezaji wa magonjwa ya mlipuko na kubaini uhusiano kati ya mazingira na magonjwa maalum.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=George Davey|last2=Kuh|first2=Diana|date=2001-08-01|title=Commentary: William Ogilvy Kermack and the childhood origins of adult health and disease|url=[https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/30/4/696/705895/Commentary-William-Ogilvy-Kermack-and-the|journal=International](https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/30/4/696/705895/Commentary-William-Ogilvy-Kermack-and-the|journal=International) Journal of Epidemiology|language=en|volume=30|issue=4|pages=696–703|doi=10.1093/ije/30.4.696|pmid=11511585|issn=0300-5771|doi-access=free|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Anajulikana pia kwa kuwa alikuwa na [[upofu]] kwa sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake ya kitaaluma. Pamoja na Anderson Gray McKendrick aliunda nadharia ya Kermack–McKendrick kuhusu magonjwa ya kuambukiza. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1898|1970}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Uskoti]] 5uq92qgp5pyjem8q5reqof9vsx1cpd7 Panagiotis Kouroumblis 0 230237 1509629 1509254 2026-04-25T11:03:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Panagiotis Kouroumblis''' (amezaliwa 2 Oktoba 1951) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Ugiriki]] kutoka chama cha Syriza. Mnamo tarehe 27 Januari 2015 aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Afya na Mshikamano wa Kijamii katika Baraza la Mawaziri la kwanza la Alexis Tsipras.<ref name="smith">{{cite news|url=[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/greece-alexis-tsipras-syriza-cabinet|title=Greek](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/greece-alexis-tsipras-syriza-cabinet|title=Greek) PM Alexis Tsipras unveils cabinet of mavericks and visionaries|last=Smith|first=Helena|author2=Ian Traynor|date=27 January 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 January 2015}}</ref> Tarehe 23 Septemba 2015, alikua Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na Mageuzi ya Utawala katika Baraza la Mawaziri la pili la Alexis Tsipras. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ugiriki]] hs8nqv5sq4rboldlmj34wg2dg60ixo1 James Kutsch 0 230239 1509630 1509257 2026-04-25T11:04:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Kutsch''' ni mwanasayansi wa kompyuta kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa rais wa The Seeing Eye kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2019. Akiwa kijana, alipoteza uwezo wa kuona kutokana na “jaribio la kemia la nyumbani lililoharibika”.<ref name="eup">{{cite web|url=[http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2013/JAN/HTML/covspec-jameskutsch.html|title=Education](http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2013/JAN/HTML/covspec-jameskutsch.html|title=Education) Update - The World of the Sightless: Dr. James Kutsch|last=Baum|first=Joan|date=Januari 2013|publisher=Education Update|accessdate=5 Februari 2014}}</ref> Alisoma katika West Virginia University ambako alipata shahada ya kwanza (BSc) katika saikolojia na shahada ya uzamili (MSc) katika sayansi ya kompyuta, kabla ya kuendelea na masomo katika University of Illinois alipopata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sayansi ya kompyuta.<ref name="bweek">{{cite web|url=[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=43739086&privcapId=4431346&previousCapId=4431346&previousTitle=National+Industries+For+The+Blind|title=James](http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=43739086&privcapId=4431346&previousCapId=4431346&previousTitle=National+Industries+For+The+Blind|title=James) Kutsch: Executive Profile & Biography|publisher=Businessweek|accessdate=5 Februari 2014}}</ref> Kama sehemu ya utafiti wake wa PhD, alibuni kompyuta ya kwanza inayozungumza kwa ajili ya watu wasioona, na pia alitengeneza mojawapo ya programu za mwanzo za screen reader.<ref name="eup"/> Baada ya kuhitimu, alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali katika kampuni ya [[AT&T]].<ref name="eup"/> Mwaka 1996, Kutsch alikua Makamu wa Rais katika Convergys Corporation, na mwaka 2003 alipandishwa cheo kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Teknolojia ya Kimkakati.<ref name="bweek"/> Kuanzia miaka ya 1990, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa bodi ya wadhamini ya The Seeing Eye, na mwaka 2006 akawa rais wake wa kwanza mwenye ulemavu wa kuona.<ref name="eup"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:mabingwa wa kompyuta wa Marekani]] e2d7opombiyf5s2gn5niw7yzuqxlkow Stephen Kuusisto 0 230241 1509631 1509261 2026-04-25T11:04:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Stephen Kuusisto''' ni mshairi kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake zinazohusu ulemavu, hasa upofu. Ni profesa katika Syracuse University, ambako hufundisha ushairi na uandishi wa kazi zisizo za kubuni (non-fiction bunifu). Pia ni mkurugenzi wa Mpango wa Taaluma Mbalimbali na Uenezi katika Burton Blatt Institute ya chuo hicho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Marekani]] f4zbpeasz3jm5hxa2a2881338f52yrh Valentín Lamas Carvajal 0 230243 1509632 1509263 2026-04-25T11:05:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentín Lamas Carvajal''' (1849–1906) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Royal Galician Academy. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1849|1906}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[jamii:watu wa Hispania]] ho3tdthy5kh1zphhryrxl9hxbm5x9hv Jean-Julien Lemordant 0 230244 1509633 1509265 2026-04-25T11:06:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Julien Lemordant''' (26 Juni 1878 – 17 Juni 1968) alikuwa msanii wa Bretagne na askari mzalendo wa [[Ufaransa]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1878|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] cxie47ena6sk84v9fwv3b3oz0wryop8 Angwech Colline 0 230245 1509636 1509266 2026-04-25T11:18:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angwech Colline''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Uganda]] na Mbunge mteule wa Kaunti ya Kioga katika Wilaya ya [[Amolatar]], kaskazini mwa Uganda. Anatarajiwa kuanza kufanya kazi kuanzia Mei 2026 hadi 2031 katika Bunge la 12 la Uganda. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha siasa cha Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] 8kb3sk9skuitgez6ma8plj3n2j6y1ro Agnes Acibu 0 230247 1509637 1509272 2026-04-25T11:19:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Agnes Acibu''' ni mwanasiasa na Mbunge wa [[Uganda]]. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha wanawake wa Wilaya ya [[Nebbi]] katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda wa mwaka 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama tawala cha National Resistance Movement (NRM). Katika Bunge la kumi na moja la Uganda, anahudumu katika Kamati ya VVU/UKIMWI na Masuala Yanayohusiana nayo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] 9rhz9ou4qcq8u5w3omf26gf9hhj10l0 John Lowry (mwanahisabati) 0 230252 1509639 1509279 2026-04-25T11:21:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Lowry (mathematician)]] hadi [[John Lowry (mwanahisabati)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Lowry''' (1769 – 3 Januari 1850) alikuwa mwanahisabati kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1769|1850}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] j8eb84yn0zkmkkiqn0bvf8nt1lsfv4m 1509642 1509639 2026-04-25T11:22:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''John Lowry''' (1769 – 3 Januari 1850) alikuwa mwanahisabati kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1769|1850}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Uingereza]] 7n77yxy7jir7wx3qt5w5c93e308bear Abraham Moses Luncz 0 230253 1509646 1509281 2026-04-25T11:29:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abraham Moses Luncz''' (9 Desemba 1854 – 1918) alikuwa msomi na mhariri [[Myahudi]] wa [[Urusi]], aliyezaliwa katika mji wa Kovno ndani ya Milki ya Urusi. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 alihamia [[Yerusalemu]].<ref name=aviva>{{cite book |title=Jerusalem EasyWalks|first=Aviva|last=Bar-Am|year=2007|edition=2nd|isbn=978-965-90048-6-7|page=59|publisher=Ingeborg Rennet Center for Jerusalem Studies }}</ref> Luncz, ambaye alipata [[blindness|upofu]] mapema maishani, alianzisha pamoja na Dkt. Koisewski taasisi ya kuwahudumia watu vipofu mjini Jerusalem. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1854|1918}} [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] [[Jamii:watu wa Urusi]] hqijhe9rwz6ah060w9se5ao1pjahvr9 Ron McCallum 0 230254 1509647 1509282 2026-04-25T11:29:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Clive McCallum''' AO (amezaliwa 8 Oktoba 1948) ni msomi wa sheria kutoka Australia. Ni mtaalamu wa sheria ya kazi, na amewahi kuwa profesa na dekani wa sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney. Yeye ndiye mtu wa kwanza mwenye [[upofu kamili]] kuteuliwa kuwa profesa kamili katika taaluma yoyote katika chuo kikuu chochote nchini Australia au New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.monash.edu.au/alumni/news/awards/distinguished-alumni/2012/ron-mccallum.html|title=Professor](http://www.monash.edu.au/alumni/news/awards/distinguished-alumni/2012/ron-mccallum.html|title=Professor) Emeritus Ron McCallum AO|publisher=Monash University}}</ref> na pia wa kwanza kuwa Dekani wa Sheria katika nchi hizo.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|url=[http://sydney.edu.au/law/about/staff/RonMcCallum/|title=Emeritus](http://sydney.edu.au/law/about/staff/RonMcCallum/|title=Emeritus) Professor Ron McCallum AO|publisher=Sydney Law School}}</ref> Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] Kamati ya Haki za Watu wenye Ulemavu mjini [[Geneva]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Australia]] 7tn7vzzdbi4rm7t8ylz3kdq57cocwqu Mi Mi Khaing 0 230255 1509648 1509283 2026-04-25T11:30:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mi Mi Khaing''' {1916 – 15 Machi 1990) alikuwa msomi na mwandishi kutoka [[Myanmar]] aliyeandika vitabu na makala nyingi kuhusu maisha nchini humo katika karne ya 20. Anajulikana kama mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza kuandika kwa lugha ya Kiingereza kuhusu utamaduni na mila za Waburma. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1916|1990}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Myanmar]] 35e4rcenq1dr3gu5ncx9tyldtvcdbnd Rod Michalko 0 230256 1509649 1509285 2026-04-25T11:31:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fupi}} '''Rod Michalko''' ni msomi kutoka [[Kanada]] katika uwanja wa masomo ya ulemavu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasomi wa Kanada]] k1e8va0oamtf6cpp8vraeu9ws8utdbk Joshua Miele 0 230257 1509651 1509286 2026-04-25T11:31:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Joshua A. Miele''' (amezaliwa 1969) ni mwanasayansi wa utafiti kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejishughulisha na ubunifu wa teknolojia zinazofikika kwa watu wote. Miele alifanya utafiti kuhusu michoro ya kugusa na onyesho la sauti katika Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute huko California kwa muda wa miaka kumi na tano. Mwaka 2019 alijiunga na Amazon Lab126, kampuni tanzu ya Amazon inayojihusisha na bidhaa za vifaa (hardware), ambapo anafanya kazi kama Mtafiti Mkuu wa Ufikiaji. Amekuwa na upofu tangu utotoni.<br> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1969|}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 9vxe4p3o3fb7odvv9m0d7v6q26p16m9 David L. Mills 0 230258 1509665 1509287 2026-04-25T11:51:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Lennox Mills''' (3 Juni 1938 – 17 Januari 2024) alikuwa mhandisi wa kompyuta na profesa mstaafu katika University of Delaware. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa mtandao wa intaneti (Internet pioneer) na aliongoza Kikosi Kazi cha Gateway Algorithms and Data Structures (GADS). Alijulikana kama "Baba wa Muda wa Intaneti" kwa kubuni Network Time Protocol, ambayo inalenga kusawazisha muda wa kompyuta zote zinazoshiriki katika mifumo na mitandao tofauti ya kompyuta kwa tofauti ya milisekunde chache kutoka [[Coordinated Universal Time]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2024}} [[Jamii:mabingwa wa kompyuta wa Marekani]] hhdk089c30bcnvlntwoaab37v649tr5 Michio Miyagi 0 230259 1509666 1509289 2026-04-25T11:51:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Michio Miyagi''' (宮城 道雄; Miyagi Michio; 7 Aprili 1894 – 25 Juni 1956) alikuwa mwanamuziki kutoka [[Japani]], anayejulikana kwa ustadi wake wa kupiga ala ya koto. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1894|1956}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Japani]] liqh4lchfrhe33g0agokkfx5kjp8h7e Chris Manengs 0 230260 1509669 1509292 2026-04-25T11:52:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chris Manengs''' (pia hujulikana kama Chrislan Manengs) ni mwanamikakati wa kisiasa, [[mjasiriamali]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu kutoka [[Kamerun]]. Alihudumu kama meneja wa kampeni na mkurugenzi wa mawasiliano wa Issa Tchiroma Bakary wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa Kamerun mwaka [[2025]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cameroun : Chris Maneng’s, le discret communicant qui a propulsé Issa Tchiroma Bakary|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1745562/politique/cameroun-chrislan-manengs-le-discret-communicant-qui-a-propulse-issa-tchiroma-bakary/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PORTE PAROLE : Le président Tchiroma choisit son Directeur de Campagne Dr Chris Manengs|url=http://dakartimes.net/porte-parole-le-president-tchiroma-choisit-son-directeur-de-campagne-dr-chris-manengs|work=Dakartimes.net|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr|author=Dakartimes}}</ref> == Kazi == Manengs ana Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Usimamizi wa Biashara na utaalamu, akiwa amejikita katika biashara ya kimataifa na usimamizi wa kimkakati.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=About Dr Chris Manengs – MMI Business|url=https://mmibusiness.com/dr-chrismanengs/|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Alianzisha kampuni ya ''MMI Business Solutions'', ambayo ni kampuni ya ushauri yenye makao yake makuu nchini Marekani Pamoja na tawi barani [[Afrika]] nchini Kamerun, na CliqKey AB, jukwaa la teknolojia lililosajiliwa nchini [[Uswidi]].<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2024]], Agence Ecofin iliripoti kuhusu kazi yake ya ushauri ikiwashauri watendaji na familia mashuhuri nchini Kamerun, kote Afrika, na katika eneo la [[Ghuba]] kuhusu mawasiliano ya kimkakati na usimamizi wa sifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chrislan Manengs conseille les grandes familles camerounaises|url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/multimedia/0404-96336-chrislan-manengs-conseille-les-grandes-familles-camerounaises|work=Agence Ecofin|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-fr|author=Agence Ecofin}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2026]], Manengs alitoa mahojiano ya kina katika kipindi cha ''The Conversation Desk'' on MMI News, ambapo alijadili kile alichokitaja kama makosa ya kimkakati yaliyomzuia Tchiroma kupata madaraka licha ya kudai ushindi wa uchaguzi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Révélations : voici les erreurs tactiques qui ont empêché Issa Tchiroma d'accéder au pouvoir|url=https://camerounactuel.com/revelations-voici-les-erreurs-tactiques-qui-ont-empeche-issa-tchiroma-dacceder-au-pouvoir/|work=Cameroun Actuel|date=2026-02-11|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-FR|author=Cameroun Actuel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Campaign Manager Dr Chris Manengs Explains Why Tchiroma Isn’t President|url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/former-campaign-manager-dr-chris-manengs-explains-why-tchiroma-isnt-president/|work=MMI News (Mimi Mefo Info)|date=2026-02-10|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=en-GB|author=Mimi Mefo Info (Editor)}}</ref> Maoni yake yalizua mzozo wa umma na makamu wa rais wa MRC, Mamadou Mota, ambaye alimshutumu kwa kuwa "mtumwa" na "mshauri", huku Maneng akijibu kwa kudai kuwajibika kwa usanifu wa kimkakati wa kampeni ya Tchiroma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cameroun {{!}} Présidentielle 2025: Le Dr. Chris Manengs recadre Mamadou Mota et revendique l’architecture stratégique de la campagne Tchiroma|url=https://panoramapapers.com/cameroun-presidentielle-2025-le-dr-chris-manengs-recadre-mamadou-mota-et-revendique-larchitecture-strategique-de-la-campagne-tchiroma/|work=Panoramapapers.com|date=2026-02-10|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=en-US|author=Panorama papers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cameroun : polémique post-électorale entre le MRC et un stratège - Afrik Info|url=https://afrikinfo.net/cameroun-polemique-post-electorale-entre-le-mrc-et-un-stratege/|date=2026-02-11|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Le directeur de campagne d’Issa Tchiroma répond à Mamadou Mota|url=https://actucameroun.com/2026/02/11/le-directeur-de-campagne-dissa-tchiroma-repond-a-mamadou-mota/|work=Actu Cameroun|date=2026-02-11|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Manengs ndiye muundaji wa kipindi cha televisheni cha Camerooni kinachoitwa ''LIFE''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cinéma : « Life », la nouvelle série camerounaise qui va tout casser|url=https://www.people237.com/cinema-life-la-nouvelle-serie-camerounaise-qui-va-tout-cassererounaise-qui-va-tout-casser|work=www.people237.com|date=2021-01-13|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=« Life » : la nouvelle série camerounaise qui enflamme !|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/life-la-nouvelle-serie-camerounaise-qui-enflamme/|work=Africa Top Success|date=2018-09-09|accessdate=2026-04-24|language=fr-FR|author=Jacques ABALO}}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa kitabu kinachoitwa ''Excited Career Rollercoaster'', kilichochapishwa mwaka 2016. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] kdk7nafkwu1sfe8khrfzoc3vjhzs58f Bernard Morin 0 230262 1509670 1509294 2026-04-25T11:53:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Morin''' (3 Machi 1931, [[Shanghai]], [[China]] – 12 Machi 2018)<ref>{{Cite web |url=[http://smf.emath.fr/content/d%25C3%25A9c%25C3%25A8s-de-bernard-morin](http://smf.emath.fr/content/d%25C3%25A9c%25C3%25A8s-de-bernard-morin) |title=Décès de Bernard Morin |website=Société Mathématique de France |language=fr |access-date=2018-10-11 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181012054214/http://smf.emath.fr/content/d%25C3%25A9c%25C3%25A8s-de-bernard-morin](https://web.archive.org/web/20181012054214/http://smf.emath.fr/content/d%25C3%25A9c%25C3%25A8s-de-bernard-morin) |archive-date=2018-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> alikuwa Mfaransa [[mwanahisabati]], hasa katika fani ya topolojia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2018}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Ufaransa]] ehkvpx4f5cwn0p0fk5v28nkqm0v62j0 Caryn Navy 0 230264 1509673 1509298 2026-04-25T11:56:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caryn Linda Navy''' (amezaliwa 5 Julai 1953) ni [[mathematician|mwanahisabati]] na mwanasayansi wa kompyuta kutoka Marekani. Akiwa na [[Blindness|upofu]] tangu utotoni, anajulikana hasa kwa kazi zake katika topolojia ya nadharia ya seti na teknolojia ya nukta nundu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Marekani]] 06pgi5iquq85zbz8b351ynaua2166yc Abraham Nemeth 0 230266 1509675 1509300 2026-04-25T11:57:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Abraham Nemeth''' (16 Oktoba 1918 – 2 Oktoba 2013) alikuwa [[mwanahisabati]] kutoka Marekani. Alikuwa profesa wa [[hisabati]] katika University of Detroit Mercy huko [[Detroit, Michigan]]. Nemeth alikuwa na [[upofu]] na anajulikana kwa kuendeleza Nemeth Braille, mfumo unaowezesha watu wasioona kusoma na kuandika hisabati. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|2013}} [[Jamii:Wanahisabati wa Marekani]] iu6pdr26v0l2q8j5z4e9a9f672yqa1d Francis William Newman 0 230267 1509676 1509302 2026-04-25T11:57:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Francis William Newman''' (27 Juni 1805 – 4 Oktoba 1897) alikuwa msomi wa taaluma za kale (Classical scholar) na mwanafalsafa wa maadili kutoka [[Uingereza]], mwandishi hodari wa masuala mbalimbali, na mwanaharakati wa [[vegetarianism|ulaji mboga]] pamoja na harakati nyingine. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1805|1897}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] ccbwap5cpua879vv9ns4swijzd894gp Walter Oi 0 230269 1509677 1509305 2026-04-25T11:58:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1509677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter Yasuo Oi''' <ref>[[https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=d&d=trs19411030-01.1.3&srpos=1&e=-------ja-10--1--img-%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%95%E5%BA%B8%E7%94%B7--------](https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=d&d=trs19411030-01.1.3&srpos=1&e=-------ja-10--1--img-%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%95%E5%BA%B8%E7%94%B7--------) 羅府新報 = The Rafu Shimpo 1941.10.30: Page 3]</ref> 1 Julai 1929 – 24 Desemba 2013) alikuwa Profesa wa Elmer B. Milliman wa uchumi katika University of Rochester huko [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York. Alikuwa mwanachama wa American Academy of Arts and Sciences, mshirika mashuhuri wa Society of Labor Economists, na mpokeaji wa Nishani ya Katibu wa Ulinzi kwa Huduma Bora kwa Umma. Anahusishwa na kutoa msingi wa kiuchumi wa jeshi la hiari na kuondolewa kwa mfumo wa kuandikishwa kwa lazima jeshini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2013}} [[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Marekani]] qb13sc4u6ed9ozwo3h8krrzuiybwhaq Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva 0 230270 1509679 1509308 2026-04-25T11:58:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1509679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Petrovna Ostroumova-Lebedeva''' ( 17 Mei 1871 — 5 Mei 1955) alikuwa mchora picha na mchoraji kutoka Urusi katika kipindi cha usasa wa kisanii, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake za uchoraji wa rangi za maji. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa mbinu ya uchongaji wa mbao kwa uchapaji nchini [[Urusi]].<ref name="graphic">{{cite web|url=[http://graphic.org.ru/ostroumova-leb.html|title=Остроумова-Лебедева](http://graphic.org.ru/ostroumova-leb.html|title=Остроумова-Лебедева) Анна Петровна (1871-1955)|publisher=История графики|language=Russian|accessdate=6 March 2015|archive-date=20 December 2014|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141220155203/http://graphic.org.ru/ostroumova-leb.html|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20141220155203/http://graphic.org.ru/ostroumova-leb.html|url-status=dead}})</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa wanachama wa chama cha sanaa "The Four Arts", kilichokuwepo katika miji ya Moscow na Leningrad kuanzia mwaka 1924 hadi 1931. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1871|1955}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Urusi]] 1xwe3vs94ftxte78pk3it28mytuxfj7 Joseph Plateau 0 230275 1509570 1509313 2026-04-25T05:00:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1509570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒozɛf ɑ̃twan fɛʁdinɑ̃ plato|lang}}; 14 Oktoba 1801 – 15 Septemba 1883) alikuwa [[Belgium|Mbelgiji]] na mwanafizikia pamoja na mwanahisabati. Alikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa kwanza kuonyesha udanganyifu wa picha inayosogea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https:///https://theoryofcolor.org/tiki-index.php?page_ref_id=9|website=theoryofcolor.org|title=Goethe's) Theory of Colours|quote=Note to Paragraph 23|access-date=19 May 2016|archive-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008164259/https://theoryofcolor.org/tiki-index.php?page_ref_id=9#par23|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20211008164259/https://theoryofcolor.org/tiki-index.php?page_ref_id=9#par23|url-status=dead}})</ref> Ili kufanya hivyo, alitumia diski zinazozunguka kinyume na zenye picha zilizochorwa kwa mfululizo wa hatua ndogo za mwendo kwenye diski moja, na mipasuo iliyopangwa kwa nafasi sawa kwenye diski nyingine. Kifaa hiki cha mwaka 1832 alikiita phenakistiscope. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1801|1883}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ubelgiji]] s2zma7krjfah2vueq8o40pje8ar6w7t Mtumiaji:Maris Dreshmanis 2 230277 1509522 1509329 2026-04-24T21:45:00Z Maris Dreshmanis 88887 Update babel to lv|ru-4 (remove en-3, de-1) 1509522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:lv|ru-4}} == Maris Dreshmanis == Open data researcher. Contributor to [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]] on Wikidata. * '''[[d:User:Maris Dreshmanis|Wikidata contributions]]''' — 37,400+ edits * '''GSCO''' — Global Standard Classification of Occupations (27 national registries + ESCO, 57,000+ occupation entries, 26,991 Wikidata items, 152,000+ multilingual labels across 53 languages) * '''[[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]]''' — coordinating occupation label enrichment in 27 source languages [[Category:Wikipedians]] 1tm661nfud90u9uzogktjy8qwfpriv4 Amadeo Labarta 0 230292 1509375 2026-04-24T12:04:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amadeo Labarta Rey''' (amezaliwa [[31 Machi]], [[1905]] – amefariki [[30 Julai]], [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24907 |title=Amadeo Labarta |work=Olympedia |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano ya wanaume ya Soka katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928 katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite...' 1509375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amadeo Labarta Rey''' (amezaliwa [[31 Machi]], [[1905]] – amefariki [[30 Julai]], [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24907 |title=Amadeo Labarta |work=Olympedia |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano ya wanaume ya Soka katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928 katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928.<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/am/amadeo-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094454/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/am/amadeo-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Amadeo Labarta Olympic Results |access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1905|1989}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] oecl0xtl46owtl4ye4g0jhp985uljr2 1509376 1509375 2026-04-24T12:06:22Z Christina Charles 71406 1509376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amadeo Labarta Rey''' (amezaliwa [[31 Machi]], [[1905]] – amefariki [[30 Julai]], [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24907 |title=Amadeo Labarta |work=Olympedia |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> Alishiriki katika mashindano ya wanaume ya Soka katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928 katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1928. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1905|1989}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] p8t0g3m667wbhj40e2ou541d4kox2zc José María Laca 0 230293 1509379 2026-04-24T12:35:14Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''José María Martín Laca Salcedo''' (amezaliwa [[11 Novemba]], [[1898]] – amefariki [[22 Septemba]], [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza hasa kama [[kiungo]]. Laca alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka ya miaka 10 katika klabu ya Athletic Bilbao na hivyo kuwa sehemu ya kundi linalojulikana kama orodha ya wachezaji waliochezea klabu moja tu katika mpira wa miguu. Pia alipata kucheza mechi moja (cap) kw...' 1509379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José María Martín Laca Salcedo''' (amezaliwa [[11 Novemba]], [[1898]] – amefariki [[22 Septemba]], [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza hasa kama [[kiungo]]. Laca alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka ya miaka 10 katika klabu ya Athletic Bilbao na hivyo kuwa sehemu ya kundi linalojulikana kama orodha ya wachezaji waliochezea klabu moja tu katika mpira wa miguu. Pia alipata kucheza mechi moja (cap) kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu mwaka 1924.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/spancup1921.html |title=Spain - Cup 1921 |date=12 February 2022 |accessdate=8 August 2022 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[RSSSF]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715211343/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/spancup1921.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://copadelrey.rfef.es/historia-del-campeonato-de-espana/1921-el-primer-duelo-entre-atleticos/ |title=El primer duelo entre atléticos |trans-title=The first duel of the Athletics |language=es |website=copadelrey.rfef.es |access-date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803102557/http://copadelrey.rfef.es/historia-del-campeonato-de-espana/1921-el-primer-duelo-entre-atleticos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1898|1977}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] pl8uts3s05wylcvytgtms3jvxrmnvze Lafuente 0 230294 1509381 2026-04-24T12:41:05Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ramón de la Fuente Leal''', aliyepewa jina la utani '''Lafuente''' (amezaliwa [[31 Desemba]], [[1907]] – amefariki [[15 Septemba]], [[1973]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] kwa klabu za Athletic Bilbao, Atlético Madrid na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu.<ref name=Fuente>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j11440.html |title=Lafuente, Ramón de la Fuente Leal - Fo...' 1509381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramón de la Fuente Leal''', aliyepewa jina la utani '''Lafuente''' (amezaliwa [[31 Desemba]], [[1907]] – amefariki [[15 Septemba]], [[1973]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] kwa klabu za Athletic Bilbao, Atlético Madrid na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu.<ref name=Fuente>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j11440.html |title=Lafuente, Ramón de la Fuente Leal - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |accessdate=7 October 2022}}</ref><ref name=tres>{{Cite web |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/03/02/primera/1456885081_399224.amp.html |title=Las tres grandes delanteras que hubo en la historia el Athletic |trans-title=The three great forward lines in the history of Athletic |language=es |work=[[Diario AS]] |date=2 March 2016 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=official>{{Cite web |url=https://www.athletic-club.eus/en/1928-1937.html |title=History: 1928-1937 |publisher=[[Athletic Bilbao]] |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1907|1973}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 656jr3akqih89325zk3bxmvm73c36tx In My Genes 0 230295 1509382 2026-04-24T12:43:00Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1509382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''In My Genes'''''<ref>[https://film.twn.org/products/in-my-genes In My Genes – Third World Newsreel]</ref><ref>[https://filamu.org/movie/in-my-genes/#google_vignette In My Genes (Film, 2009) – Synopsis, Cast & Crew | Filamu]</ref>ni filamu ya mwaka 2009 ya Kenya iliyoongozwa, kuandikwa, kutayarishwa na kuhaririwa na [[Lupita Nyong'o]] katika uongozaji wake wa kwanza. Inafuata maisha ya Wakenya wanane ambao wana ualbino. Inatupa mtazamo wa karibu juu ya ualbino na inatupa changamoto ya kufikiria jinsi ilivyo kuwa kundi mashuhuri lakini lisiloonekana katika jamii kubwa ya watu Weusi.<ref>[https://www.inmygenes.co.ke/ WinWin Online Casino ✔️ Kenya]</ref> == Muhtasari == Je, mtu anaishije kama mtu mweupe katika jamii yenye watu wengi Weusi? Je, unahisije kuwa mmoja wa watu wanaoonekana zaidi na pengine, mmoja wa wanaopuuzwa zaidi? Agnes, mwanamke mwenye [[Zeruzeru|ualbino]] nchini [[Kenya]], anahisi hivyo kila siku. Tangu alipozaliwa, amelazimika kukabiliana na chuki zinazowazunguka albino. ''In My Genes'' inatoa ushuhuda wa maisha ya watu wanane ambao wanakabiliwa na [[ubaguzi]] kutokana na upungufu rahisi wa maumbile. Inasimulia kisa cha kugusa moyo cha Agnes, ambaye ana watoto saba na binti mwenye umri wa miaka 17 ambaye anatarajia mtoto. Agnes anajifunza ukweli kuhusu kwa nini alipoteza macho yake yote mawili na kwamba ana [[saratani]] ya ngozi wakati wa filamu hiyo. Huendelea, akiamini uweza wa Mungu wake, na kazi ya mikono yake.<ref>[[imdbtitle:1474233|In My Genes (Video 2009) - IMDb]]</ref> == Wahusika == * Fatma Abdallah * Grace Karihe * Delphine Karumba * Benedict Kinyua * Pamela Mukami * Alex Munyere * James Mutai * Agnes Muthakaye * Isaac Mwaura * C.K. Nyambura * Wycliffe Ogutu == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Ualbino]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] e7ba7k63qumttytv4d2iuve555radye Azam Saigol 0 230296 1509383 2026-04-24T12:43:06Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Youssef Gergi Abed''' ([[1911]] – [[Desemba]] [[2006]]), anayejulikana pia kama Pépé Abed, alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]] na mzamiaji asiye wa kitaalamu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-25 |title=Famed industrialist Azam Saigol passes away |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/178617-famed-industrialist-azam-saigol-passes-away |website=www.geo.tv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-25 |title=Industrialist Azam Saigol passes away in US |url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/01/25/industrialist-azam-saigol-passes-away-in-us/ |website=Pakistan Today}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1911]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2006]] [[jamii:wasanii wa Lebanoni]] 8zve4mkz5t0r30ikz35jlu4emmecah6 1509385 1509383 2026-04-24T12:49:45Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Youssef Gergi Abed''' ([[1911]] – [[Desemba]] [[2006]]), anayejulikana pia kama Pépé Abed, alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]] na mzamiaji asiye wa kitaalamu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-25 |title=Famed industrialist Azam Saigol passes away |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/178617-famed-industrialist-azam-saigol-passes-away |website=www.geo.tv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-25 |title=Industrialist Azam Saigol passes away in US |url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/01/25/industrialist-azam-saigol-passes-away-in-us/ |website=Pakistan Today}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1911]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2006]] [[jamii:watu wa Lebanoni]] 6gn6uip0zmsrqj41mjsqwrdhwoin9o1 Byram D. Avari 0 230297 1509384 2026-04-24T12:48:32Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Byram Dinshawji Avari''' ([[1942]] – [[22 Januari|22 January]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mmiliki wa hoteli nchini Pakistan na mshindi mara mbili wa medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Asia. Aliishi Karachi, Sindh na alikuwa mmiliki wa Hoteli za Avari. <ref name=Tribune>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/935379/raising-the-white-flag-a-tribute-to-our-heroes/|title=Raising the white flag: A tribute to our heroes - The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=14 August 2015|author=Aamir Khan and Urooj Jawed|accessdate=28 April 2019}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1942]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2023]] [[jamii:wafanyabiashara wa Pakistan]] iv0a2jxt4hakere8v4ohzgga95wrpjy Nizar Assaad 0 230298 1509386 2026-04-24T12:52:35Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nizar Assaad''' ni mhandisi wa ujenzi wa Kanada mwenye asili ya Syria anayeishi Beirut, Lebanon na Dubai, UAE. <ref name="1-1">{{Cite web|title=Lead official website|url=https://lead-ae.com/Announcements/Details?id=Chairman-to-Retire|access-date=2022-01-08|website=lead-ae.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1948]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:watu wa Kanada]] ad0h3zpgyt1qftxjggsw1lwirzm8090 Rafaela Aponte-Diamant 0 230299 1509387 2026-04-24T12:54:46Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafaela Aponte-Diamant''' ni bilionea wa [[Italia]] na [[Israeli]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Kampuni ya Meli ya Mediterania (MSC), pamoja na mume wake, Gianluigi Aponte.<ref name="ForbesProfile">{{cite web |title=Rafaela Aponte-Diamant |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rafaela-aponte-diamant/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1945]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:watu wa Italia]] 0o9s9dhyba7207kb583w6ncns8jfk22 Betty Ang 0 230300 1509388 2026-04-24T12:57:05Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Betty T. Ang''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa kike wa Ufilipino pia ni rais wa Monde Nissin, moja ya kampuni kubwa zaidi za utengenezaji wa chakula nchini Ufilipino, na mzalishaji mkuu nchini humo wa biskuti na tambi. <ref name="Forbes_20170823">{{cite news|last1=Peterson|first1=Jane A.|title=What We Know About One Of Asia's Most Mysterious Tycoons: Betty Ang Of The Philippines|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2017/08/23/meet-one-of-asias-most-mysterious-tycoons-betty-ang-of-the-philippines/#5ec1c51c52b6|accessdate=12 February 2018|work=Forbes|date=23 August 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wafanyabiashara wa Ufilipino]] fl4bf8rttd92p2agiipiykl6ma1m4vk Kengere 0 230301 1509392 2026-04-24T12:59:46Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1509392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kengere''''' ni filamu ya mwaka 2010 ya [[Uganda]].<ref>[[imdbtitle:1832386|Kengere (Short 2011) - IMDb]]</ref> == Muhtasari == Mwaka 1989, wanajeshi wa [[Jeshi]] la Uganda waliwashutumu watu 69 kuwa waasi na kuwafungia kwenye mabehewa ya [[treni]], kisha kuwachoma moto. Kengere anasimulia hadithi ya mwendesha baiskeli ambaye anarudi kijijini kwao kutafuta kanda ambayo ina ushahidi wa uhalifu huo. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Jeshi la Uganda]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] m3kzq84o4dqgeh9xasixr9wqicqbhmx Minocher Bhandara 0 230302 1509394 2026-04-24T13:00:59Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Minocher Bhandara''' ([[1937]]–[[Juni 15]], [[2008]]), anayejulikana kama M.P. Bhandara, alikuwa mwanaviwanda na mwanasiasa wa Pakistan aliyekuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Kitaifa la Pakistan kuanzia mwaka 1972 hadi 1977 na kuanzia 2002 hadi 2007.<ref name=Dawn>[https://www.dawn.com/news/307619/m-p-bhandara-passes-away M.P. Bhandara passes away], Published 16 June 2008, Retrieved 5 November 2021</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1937]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2008]] [[jamii:wanasiasa wa Pakistan]] 2eom1kyzfs3l7so6tbwktpne5yh5e6x Jesús Landáburu 0 230303 1509395 2026-04-24T13:01:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jesús 'Chus' Landáburu Sagüillo''' (amezaliwa [[24 Januari]], [[1955]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati. ==Kazi ya klabu== Amezaliwa katika [[Guardo]], Jimbo la Palencia, Landáburu alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 pekee katika klabu ya Real Valladolid. Alijipatia umaarufu haraka akiwa na klabu hiyo ya Segunda División, ambapo ustadi...' 1509395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jesús 'Chus' Landáburu Sagüillo''' (amezaliwa [[24 Januari]], [[1955]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati. ==Kazi ya klabu== Amezaliwa katika [[Guardo]], Jimbo la Palencia, Landáburu alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 pekee katika klabu ya Real Valladolid. Alijipatia umaarufu haraka akiwa na klabu hiyo ya Segunda División, ambapo ustadi wake, uwezo wa kuona mchezo (field vision) na ufanisi katika mipira ya adhabu (set pieces) vilijitokeza wazi. Landáburu alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika La Liga akiwa na klabu ya Rayo Vallecano yenye makao yake [[Madrid]], katika msimu wa 1977–78 La Liga. Alitoa mchango mkubwa katika kusaidia timu hiyo ndogo kubaki mfululizo katika ligi kuu, baada ya hapo alisaini kujiunga na klabu kubwa ya ligi, FC Barcelona.<ref name=COPE>[https://www.cope.es/emisoras/castilla-y-leon/palencia-provincia/palencia/deportes-cope-palencia/noticias/chus-landaburu-hara-saque-honor-torneo-galleta-20190828_486194 Chus Landáburu hará el saque de honor en el Torneo de la Galleta (Chus Landáburu to take honour kickoff at the Galleta Tournament)]; [[Cadena COPE]], 28 August 2019 (in Spanish)</ref><ref name=SPORT>[https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/que-fue-landaburu-cerebro-privilegiado-6783969 ¿Qué fue de Landaburu? Un cerebro privilegiado (What happened to Landaburu? A privileged brain)]; [[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]], 26 April 2018 (in Spanish)</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] h6my0wy6lycv25m7ttrsr1e6czm1e67 Birendra Bahadur Basnet 0 230304 1509398 2026-04-24T13:04:25Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Birendra Bahadur Basnet''' ni mfanyabiashara na mwanasiasa wa [[Nepal]]. Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Shirika la anga la Buddha, hadi alipounda Chama cha Gatishil Loktantrik ("Chama cha Kidemokrasia chenye Nguvu") mnamo mwaka 2025 kufuatia maandamano ya kizazi cha Gen Z nchini Nepal kama nguvu mbadala ya kisiasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thought Leadership Interview: Birendra Bahadur Basnet |url=https://kathmandupost.com/interviews/2020/03/14/thought-leadership-interview-birendra-bahadur-basnet |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Utsav |date=2025-10-16 |title=New Political Party Registered in Nepal by Buddha Air's Director and Team |url=https://english.deshsanchar.com/new-political-party-registered-in-nepal-by-buddha-airs-director-and-team/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=Desh Sanchar |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wanasiasa wa Nepal]] r8ft9ze6gcekysxvoc9xm94bn3au4n6 Mansour Al-Balawi 0 230305 1509402 2026-04-24T13:06:59Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mansour Al-Balawi''' (Jina kamili: Mansour bin Hamdan bin Hamid al-Wayeou' al-Aradi al-Balawi), (alizaliwa [[1964]], Jeddah) ni mfanyabiashara wa Saudi Arabia. <ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/306075|title=Ittihad Club President Mansour Al-Balawi Resigns|date=November 25, 2017|website=[[Arab News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 November 2005|title=Saudi bid for Keane falls through|work=[[BBC Sport]]|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/4486034.stm|access-date=18 February 2011}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2015-05-27|title=Al Ittihad Football Club recognised by Guinness World Records for back-to-back AFC Championship league wins|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/5/al-ittihad-football-club-recognised-by-guinness-world-records-for-back-to-back-af-379683|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1964]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] soys0xofda3v5y0ik9zmsphm0qk16s2 Isidro Lángara 0 230306 1509403 2026-04-24T13:08:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isidro Lángara Galarraga''' (amezaliwa [[25 Mei]], [[1912]] – amefariki [[21 Agosti]], [[1992]]) alikuwa [[mshambuliaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]], hasa katika eneo la Nchi ya Basque. Alicheza mara 12 kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu, akifunga mabao 17, na anashikilia wastani wa juu zaidi wa mabao kwa kila mechi katika historia ya La Liga (1.14). Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kufunga angalau mabao 100 kwa klabu tatu t...' 1509403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isidro Lángara Galarraga''' (amezaliwa [[25 Mei]], [[1912]] – amefariki [[21 Agosti]], [[1992]]) alikuwa [[mshambuliaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]], hasa katika eneo la Nchi ya Basque. Alicheza mara 12 kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu, akifunga mabao 17, na anashikilia wastani wa juu zaidi wa mabao kwa kila mechi katika historia ya La Liga (1.14). Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kufunga angalau mabao 100 kwa klabu tatu tofauti, na ndiye pekee aliyefanikisha hilo katika mabara matatu. ==Kazi== ===Mwanzo wa kazi=== Lángara alizaliwa katika [[Pasaia]], [[Gipuzkoa]]. Alianza kazi yake ya mpira wa miguu akichezea timu za eneo lake kama Bildur Guchi, Esperanza de San Sebastián, Siempre Adelante de Pasajes na Andoain katika eneo lake la Basque, kabla ya hatimaye kusaini na klabu ya daraja la tatu wakati huo, Tolosa CF.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zamora|first1=Gerson|title=Equipo De Futbol Euzkadi En Mexico|url=http://132.248.9.195/ptb2010/mayo/0658338/0658338_A1.pdf|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Un partido benéfico con nueve goals|url=http://www.bizkaia.net/kultura/foru_liburutegia/liburutegi_digitala/detalle.asp?Tem_Codigo=2542&Idioma=CA&IdP=20&Fichero=/GACETA%20DEL%20NORTE/1936/19361200/19361229/0000174.jpg&Formato=0|publisher=La Gaceta del Norte, 29 December 1936|access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1912|1992}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 2z2g22hii8601rek4ndqcevvrg64fg5 Shaikha Al-Bahar 0 230307 1509404 2026-04-24T13:08:37Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaikha Al-Bahar''' ni Naibu Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Kikundi cha Benki ya Kitaifa ya Kuwait (NBK). <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.nbk.com/nbk-group/about-nbk-group/who-we-are.html |title=Who We Are |work=NBK |access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Shaikha Al-Bahar|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shaikha-al-bahar/|work=World's Most Powerful Women|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=24 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Release |first=Press |title=Shaikha Al-Bahar receives “Distinguished services to Arab banking” award from ABA |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/people-in-the-news/shaikha-al-bahar-receives-distinguished-services-to-arab-banking-award-from-aba-umm1c4sc |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:watu wa Kuwait]] d4snwoxdz7ucx5j6684caw9evrxhf14 Antipater of Cyrene 0 230308 1509406 2026-04-24T13:08:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Antipater of Cyrene]] hadi [[Antipatro wa Kurene]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509406 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antipatro wa Kurene]] 7f99izgwd7psvweb8nf3slfdjgofwv5 Surya Bahadur KC 0 230309 1509408 2026-04-24T13:11:02Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1509408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Surya Bahadur KC''' ([[1957]] - [[2020]]) alikuwa mwanaviwanda wa Nepal na mbunge wa Baraza la Wawakilishi. Alijulikana kwa kuanzisha tambi za Rara nchini Nepal. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Lawmaker Surya Bahadur KC, who founded Rara noodle, no more|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/lawmaker-surya-bahadur-kc-who-founded-rara-noodle-no-more.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=OnlineKhabar English News|language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1957]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2020]] [[jamii:watu wa Nepal]] e77fad0fxjlzt3bba0eshfzruky0jm2 Carlos Lapetra 0 230310 1509414 2026-04-24T13:15:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carlos Lapetra Coarasa''' (amezaliwa [[29 Novemba]], [[1938]] – amefariki [[24 Desemba]], [[1995]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alitumia miaka kumi kati ya 11 ya taaluma yake ya kulipwa akiwa na Real Zaragoza, akicheza mechi 279 za mashindano (mabao 61) na kushinda mataji matatu makubwa akiwa na klabu hiyo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/huesca/2011/...' 1509414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Lapetra Coarasa''' (amezaliwa [[29 Novemba]], [[1938]] – amefariki [[24 Desemba]], [[1995]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alitumia miaka kumi kati ya 11 ya taaluma yake ya kulipwa akiwa na Real Zaragoza, akicheza mechi 279 za mashindano (mabao 61) na kushinda mataji matatu makubwa akiwa na klabu hiyo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/huesca/2011/05/18/canfranc-rinde-homenaje-hoy-carlos-lapetra-140401-2261127.html|title=Canfranc rinde homenaje hoy a Carlos Lapetra|trans-title=Canfranc to pay homage to Carlos Lapetra today|newspaper=[[Heraldo de Aragón]]|first=Javier|last=Gil|language=es|date=18 May 2011|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> Akiwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu katika miaka ya 1960, Lapetra aliwakilisha nchi hiyo katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya la 1964 na [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] la 1966, akishinda mashindano ya kwanza. ==Kazi ya klabu== Lapetra alizaliwa katika [[Zaragoza]], [[Aragon]], baada ya wazazi wake kuhamia huko kutoka [[Huesca]] kutokana na [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Hispania]]. Baada ya mwaka mmoja katika ligi za chini akiwa na CD Guadalajara (Hispania), alisaini na Real Zaragoza mwaka 1959, na kubaki na klabu hiyo hadi alipostaafu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2005/10/11/mas_futbol/1129012059_850215.html|title=Carlos Lapetra, el beatle de los Magníficos|trans-title=Carlos Lapetra, the Magnificent Beatle|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|language=es|date=11 October 2005|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1938|1995}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 6sacu97ct9nv39qp5j3vi2glfuy0rbu Rudolf Braun (composer) 0 230311 1509417 2026-04-24T13:16:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rudolf Braun (composer)]] hadi [[Rudolf Braun (mtunzi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509417 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rudolf Braun (mtunzi)]] ttgex3juun3244tmcmwipcjmqk6vkpf Lyiza 0 230312 1509425 2026-04-24T13:20:21Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1509425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lyiza''''' ni filamu fupi ya mwaka 2011 ya [[Rwanda]] iliyoongozwa na Marie-Clementine Dusabejambo. == Muhtasari == Yaliyopita bado yanaishi ndani ya maisha ya Lyiza ambaye analazimika kuishi na kumbukumbu ya kutisha ya [[Uuaji|mauaji]] ya wazazi wake, wakati wa mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya [[Watutsi]] mwaka 1994 nchini Rwanda.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Rwanda-genocide-of-1994 Rwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Background, Deaths, & Facts | Britannica] </ref> Anapomtambua baba wa mwanafunzi mwenzake, Rwena, mtu aliyehusika na mauaji yao, anasema hivyo hadharani, na kusababisha mvutano mkubwa. Lakini maelewano yanarudi kupitia uingiliaji kati wa mwalimu ambaye anawapeleka vijana kwenye jumba la [[Jumba la Makumbusho|makumbusho]] la mauaji ya kimbari, mahali pa kumbukumbu, na kumuongoza Lyiza kujifunza kusamahe. Bila kuwa na udadisi na kwa mtindo asilia wa masimulizi, filamu inasisitiza umuhimu wa kubadilishana uzoefu na kuelimisha kwa ajili ya ukweli na upatanisho.[3] == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Vita]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 0ufotaggoikysp1cm1i9hi2yqin4nf2 Antonio Juantegui 0 230313 1509428 2026-04-24T13:22:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Antonio Juantegui''' (amezaliwa [[4 Aprili]], [[1898]] – amefariki [[13 Mei]], [[1966]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/700602 |title=Antonio Juantegui |work=Olympedia |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> Alicheza katika mechi moja kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu mwaka 1924.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43980/An...' 1509428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Juantegui''' (amezaliwa [[4 Aprili]], [[1898]] – amefariki [[13 Mei]], [[1966]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/700602 |title=Antonio Juantegui |work=Olympedia |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> Alicheza katika mechi moja kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu mwaka 1924.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43980/Antonio_Juantegui.html |title=Antonio Juantegui |work=National Football Teams |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1898|1966}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] ax63fi2fx0yn9sukevt62ibgmxe78yf Julio Alberto 0 230314 1509439 2026-04-24T13:29:39Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julio Alberto Moreno Casas''' (amezaliwa [[7 Oktoba]], [[1958]]), anayejulikana kama '''Julio Alberto''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kushoto. Katika maisha yake ya soka, alicheza zaidi kwa klabu za Atlético Madrid na FC Barcelona|Barcelona, akifikisha jumla ya mechi 269 na mabao 11 katika La Liga. Akiwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu...' 1509439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julio Alberto Moreno Casas''' (amezaliwa [[7 Oktoba]], [[1958]]), anayejulikana kama '''Julio Alberto''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kushoto. Katika maisha yake ya soka, alicheza zaidi kwa klabu za Atlético Madrid na FC Barcelona|Barcelona, akifikisha jumla ya mechi 269 na mabao 11 katika La Liga. Akiwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu katikati hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, Julio Alberto aliwakilisha nchi katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] la 1986 na Euro 1984.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.elcomercio.es/deportes/futbol/julio-alberto-elite-base-20210130002334-ntvo.html|title=Julio Alberto, de la élite a la base|trans-title=Julio Alberto, from the elite to the basis|newspaper=[[El Comercio (Spain)|El Comercio]]|first=Guillermo|last=B.|language=es|date=30 January 2021|access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> ==Kazi ya klabu== Amezaliwa katika Candás, [[Asturias]], Julio Alberto alikuwa zao la mfumo wa vijana wa Atlético Madrid. Mwanzoni alicheza mara chache kwa klabu hiyo na pia alitolewa kwa mkopo katika Segunda División kwa klabu ya Recreativo de Huelva katika msimu wa 1979–80 Segunda División.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/10/09/primera/1633747719_170185.html|title=Julio Alberto: "El fútbol y la montaña me mantienen vivo"|trans-title=Julio Alberto: "Football and the mountains keep me alive"|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Enrique|last=Ortego|language=es|date=9 October 2021|access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vavel.com/es/futbol/2024/04/30/atletico-de-madrid/1181169-los-80-en-el-atleti-una-decada-poco-prodigiosa.html|title=Los 80 en el Atleti: una década poco prodigiosa|trans-title=The 80s at Atleti: decade of little remark|publisher=[[Vavel]]|first=Luis Fernando|last=López|language=es|date=7 May 2024|access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] fmoeudcutzj5fak0bglk7kyjfeta8fo John Gough (natural philosopher) 0 230315 1509448 2026-04-24T13:34:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Gough (natural philosopher)]] hadi [[John Gough (mwanafalsafa)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509448 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[John Gough (mwanafalsafa)]] 1p7f6xbwwyc001zyoopng6lv9n95dyn José Juncosa 0 230316 1509456 2026-04-24T13:38:55Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''José Juncosa Bellmunt''' (amezaliwa [[2 Februari]], [[1922]] – amefariki31 Oktoba 2003)<ref>[http://masdeporte.as.com/masdeporte/2003/11/01/polideportivo/1067663688_850215.html Obituary (in Spanish)]</ref>, anayejulikana pia kama '''Josep Juncosa Bellmunt''', alikuwa [[mshambuliaji]] na [[kocha]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] mwenye asili ya Wakatalonia. Hadi mwaka 1977, ilikuwa kinyume cha [[sheria]] nchini Hispania kusajili majina ya w...' 1509456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Juncosa Bellmunt''' (amezaliwa [[2 Februari]], [[1922]] – amefariki31 Oktoba 2003)<ref>[http://masdeporte.as.com/masdeporte/2003/11/01/polideportivo/1067663688_850215.html Obituary (in Spanish)]</ref>, anayejulikana pia kama '''Josep Juncosa Bellmunt''', alikuwa [[mshambuliaji]] na [[kocha]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] mwenye asili ya Wakatalonia. Hadi mwaka 1977, ilikuwa kinyume cha [[sheria]] nchini Hispania kusajili majina ya watu kwa lugha ya Katalani, kwani majina ya lugha ya Kihispania (Kastilia) pekee ndiyo yaliruhusiwa chini ya [[sheria]] za usajili wa kiraia za kipindi cha utawala wa Franco na miaka ya mwanzo baada ya utawala huo. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa kwa timu ya taifa ya Katalonia ya mpira wa miguu pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu katika miaka ya 1940 na 1950.<ref name="eapc">{{cite web |title=Quan els noms propis en català estaven prohibits |url=https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2018/05/31/quan-els-noms-propis-en-catala-estaven-prohibits-la-recuperacio-dun-cas-singular-xavier-gayan-i-agusti-pou/ |website=RLD blog – Generalitat de Catalunya |date=31 May 2018 |language=ca}}</ref><ref name="diarionavarra">{{cite web |title=Cuando llamarse Iker era pecado |url=https://www.diariodenavarra.es/noticias/magazine/sociedad/2016/08/06/cuando_llamarse_iker_era_pecado_476477_1035.html |website=Diario de Navarra |date=6 August 2016 |language=es}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1922|2003}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] fnztxdtk97sla3vyqckqiqxl0x4n9vq Cabascabo 0 230317 1509461 2026-04-24T13:43:49Z Samyha 69136 Nimeunda ukurusa mpya 1509461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Cabascabo''''' ni filamu ya drama ya mwaka 1968 ya ushirikiano kati ya [[Niger]] na [[Ufaransa]], iliyoongozwa na [[Oumarou Ganda]].<ref>[[imdbtitle:0342157|Cabascabo (1969) - IMDb]]</ref> Iliwasilishwa katika Tamasha la 6 la ''Moscow International Film Festival'', ambapo ilitunikiwa Diploma.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194825/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1969 1969 :: 34th Moscow International Film Festival]</ref> == Wahusika == * Oumarou Ganda kama Cabascabo * Zalika Souley kama Hawa * Balarabi * Issa Gombokoye * Kaka * Dan Baba Ali * Gerard Delassus * Van Borel == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] gw2d1z6fjw4ovjyt3s6y3ikx65l0htf Hermann of Reichenau 0 230318 1509464 2026-04-24T13:46:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Hermann of Reichenau]] hadi [[Hermann wa Reichenau]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509464 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hermann wa Reichenau]] a8nqmxyam6o2zazxvnqn93m9c0dbrc6 Mariano García Remón 0 230319 1509465 2026-04-24T13:53:14Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mariano García Remón''' (amezaliwa [[30 Septemba]], [[1950]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa mchezaji wa zamani wa mlinda lango, anajulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake katika klabu ya Real Madrid CF, ambapo aliisaidia kushinda mataji sita ya La Liga na matatu ya Copa del Rey. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama kocha, ikiwa ni pamoja na kipindi kifupi katika klabu yake hiyo ya zamani. ==Kazi ya...' 1509465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariano García Remón''' (amezaliwa [[30 Septemba]], [[1950]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa mchezaji wa zamani wa mlinda lango, anajulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake katika klabu ya Real Madrid CF, ambapo aliisaidia kushinda mataji sita ya La Liga na matatu ya Copa del Rey. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama kocha, ikiwa ni pamoja na kipindi kifupi katika klabu yake hiyo ya zamani. ==Kazi ya uchezaji== Amezaliwa katika [[Madrid]], Remón alimaliza maendeleo yake ya soka katika klabu kubwa ya nchi, Real Madrid CF, lakini alitolewa kwa mkopo mara mbili katika ligi daraja la tatu na daraja la pili kabla ya kurudi mwaka 1971. Baadaye alianza ushindani mkali wa nafasi ya mlinda lango wa kwanza na Miguel Ángel González Suárez ambao uliendelea kwa muda mwingi wa kipindi chake klabuni hapo: Remón alikuwa chaguo la kwanza kutoka 1971 hadi 1973 na 1979 hadi 1981, huku wote wawili wakigawana nafasi katika misimu mingine miwili.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1973/10/18/pagina-3/987943/pdf.html|title=0–0: España se defendió sin ahogos ante Turquia|trans-title=0–0: Spain had no problem fending off Turkey|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|language=es|date=18 October 1973|access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] hy4uq3p4osic4gbcn1bv1qyj5jahp7f Dani García 0 230320 1509467 2026-04-24T14:03:52Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniel 'Dani' García Lara''' (amezaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1974]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Katika maisha yake ya soka, alichezea timu tano nchini Hispania, pamoja na vipindi vifupi katika Ugiriki na Uturuki. Akiwa ameichezea zote mbili Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid na FC Barcelona, alikusanya takwimu za La Liga za mechi 208 na mabao 39 katika misimu 12. ==Kazi y...' 1509467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel 'Dani' García Lara''' (amezaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1974]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Katika maisha yake ya soka, alichezea timu tano nchini Hispania, pamoja na vipindi vifupi katika Ugiriki na Uturuki. Akiwa ameichezea zote mbili Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid na FC Barcelona, alikusanya takwimu za La Liga za mechi 208 na mabao 39 katika misimu 12. ==Kazi ya klabu== Amezaliwa katika Cerdanyola del Vallès, [[Jimbo]] la [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], García alikuwa zao la mfumo wa vijana wa Real Madrid CF.<ref name=20M>{{cite news|url=https://www.20minutos.es/deportes/blogs/quefuede/que-fue-dani-garcia-lara-5595422/|title=Qué fue de... Dani García Lara|trans-title=What happened to... Dani García Lara|newspaper=[[20 minutos]]|first=Edu|last=Casado|language=es|date=23 April 2013|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1994/02/06/pagina-2/1287071/pdf.html#|title=El Depor no pasa su gran reválida|trans-title=Depor fail in their big test|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|first=Josep A.|last=Aisa|language=es|date=6 February 1994|access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 0mhxyakidnz19i10wv7wv7rpn85rr9d David García 0 230321 1509468 2026-04-24T14:10:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David García Zubiria''' (amezaliwa [[14 Februari]], [[1994]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya Ligi Kuu ya Qatar na Al-Rayyan SC. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na klabu ya CA Osasuna, akicheza mechi 305 na kushinda ubingwa wa [[Segunda División]] katika msimu wa Divisheni ya Segunda ya 2018–19.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.c...' 1509468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David García Zubiria''' (amezaliwa [[14 Februari]], [[1994]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya Ligi Kuu ya Qatar na Al-Rayyan SC. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na klabu ya CA Osasuna, akicheza mechi 305 na kushinda ubingwa wa [[Segunda División]] katika msimu wa Divisheni ya Segunda ya 2018–19.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/osasuna/20240801/1002291287/david-garcia-marcha-qatar.html|title=David García se marcha a Qatar|trans-title=David García goes to Qatar|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|first=Pablo|last=Planas|language=es|date=1 August 2024|access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eitb.eus/es/deportes/futbol/osasuna/detalle/2407552/osasuna-pretemporada-2014--empieza-lunes-14-julio-tajonar/|title=Osasuna empieza el lunes la pretemporada|trans-title=Osasuna start preseason on Monday|publisher=[[EITB]]|language=es|date=12 July 2014|access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 1sojhoglb8obe5c2nneipupfn6xcin4 Eric García 0 230322 1509470 2026-04-24T14:20:47Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eric García Martret''' (amezaliwa [[9 Januari]], [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kwa klabu ya FC Barcelona na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu. Akiwa kimsingi beki wa kati pia anaweza kucheza kama beki wa pembeni au kiungo wa ulinzi. García alihama kutoka Barcelona akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 kwenda Manchester City F.C.. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Ligi Kuu tarehe 21 Septe...' 1509470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric García Martret''' (amezaliwa [[9 Januari]], [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kwa klabu ya FC Barcelona na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu. Akiwa kimsingi beki wa kati pia anaweza kucheza kama beki wa pembeni au kiungo wa ulinzi. García alihama kutoka Barcelona akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 kwenda Manchester City F.C.. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Ligi Kuu tarehe [[21 Septemba]], [[2019]]. Katika msimu wake wa mwisho klabuni hapo, alishinda ubingwa wa ligi ya 2020–21 Premier League na kumaliza akiwa mshindi wa pili katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA. Juni 2021, García alirejea Barcelona kwa uhamisho huru baada ya mkataba wake kumalizika. ==Kazi ya klabu== ===Miaka ya awali=== Amezaliwa katika [[Martorell]], [[Jimbo]] la [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/perfil-eric-garcia-fichaje-oficial-barca-11778110 |title=De promesa a realidad: Eric Garcia ya está en casa |trans-title=From promise to reality: Eric Garcia is already home |newspaper=Sport |date=1 June 2021 |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Goalcom">{{cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/ex-barcelona-jewel-eric-garcia-lighting-up-man-citys-pre/1lq7t2h0psoqc1h00gl47nvwk5 |title=Ex-Barcelona jewel Eric Garcia lighting up Man City's pre-season |website=Goal.com |publisher=Perform Group |date=26 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] o1adpuw5r8v99tvuddl3viw4lzth48w Fran García 0 230323 1509472 2026-04-24T14:29:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Francisco José García Torres''' (amezaliwa [[14 Agosti]], [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kushoto kwa klabu ya Real Madrid CF. ==Kazi ya klabu== ===Real Madrid=== Amezaliwa katika Bolaños de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, [[Castilla–La Mancha]], García alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa Real Madrid CF unaojulikana kama La Fábrica (Real Madrid) mwaka 2013, akitokea klabu ya mji wake ya...' 1509472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco José García Torres''' (amezaliwa [[14 Agosti]], [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kushoto kwa klabu ya Real Madrid CF. ==Kazi ya klabu== ===Real Madrid=== Amezaliwa katika Bolaños de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, [[Castilla–La Mancha]], García alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa Real Madrid CF unaojulikana kama La Fábrica (Real Madrid) mwaka 2013, akitokea klabu ya mji wake ya Bolaños CF.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/elbernabeu/cantera/20190128/fran-garcia-traspasa-fronteras-lateral-castilla-italia/371964030_0.html|title=Fran García traspasa fronteras: el lateral del Castilla del que hablan en Italia|trans-title=Fran García cross borders: the full back of Castilla that they talk about in Italy|publisher=El Español|language=es|date=28 January 2019|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> Tarehe [[1 Februari]], [[2018]], akiwa bado [[kijana]], alisaini upya mkataba wake hadi mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/elbernabeu/cantera/20180201/fran-garcia-renueva-real-madrid/281723239_0.html|title=Fran García renueva con el Real Madrid hasta 2022|trans-title=Fran García renews with Real Madrid until 2022|publisher=El Español|language=es|date=1 February 2018|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 7k42syjsu0imphmz618hv0yb7zdbjhr Sheldon Lavin 0 230324 1509475 2026-04-24T15:07:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheldon Lavin''' (Alizaliwa [[Juni 17]], [[1932]] – Alifariki [[Mei 26]], [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]], na mmiliki, afisa mkuu mtendaji, na mwenyekiti wa ''OSI Group'', msindikaji wa nyama nchini Marekani na msambazaji mkuu wa hambaga kwa McDonald's. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.1.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Sheldon Lavin |url=https://www.forbes...' 1509475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheldon Lavin''' (Alizaliwa [[Juni 17]], [[1932]] – Alifariki [[Mei 26]], [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]], na mmiliki, afisa mkuu mtendaji, na mwenyekiti wa ''OSI Group'', msindikaji wa nyama nchini Marekani na msambazaji mkuu wa hambaga kwa McDonald's. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.1.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Sheldon Lavin |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheldon-lavin/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=11 June 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] 0i10r7ivz8m4phah89j3xenex4kejoq Steve Jurvetson 0 230325 1509526 2026-04-24T22:06:44Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steve T. Jurvetson''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 1]], [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winkler |first1=Rolfe |title=Investor Steve Jurvetson Works to Move On With New Fund |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/venture-capitalist-steve-jurvetson-is-back-with-a-new-200-million-fund-11550239323 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 February 2019 |accessdate=20 February 2019}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanach...' 1509526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve T. Jurvetson''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 1]], [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winkler |first1=Rolfe |title=Investor Steve Jurvetson Works to Move On With New Fund |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/venture-capitalist-steve-jurvetson-is-back-with-a-new-200-million-fund-11550239323 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 February 2019 |accessdate=20 February 2019}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama mwenza wa kampuni ya uwekezaji ''Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ)'' na alikuwa mwekezaji wa awali katika ''Hotmail'', ''Memphis Meats'', ''Mythic'', na ''Nervana Systems''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Future Ventures Launches $200 Million Venture Capital Fund to Back the Entrepreneurs Who Forge the Future |date=15 February 2019 |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190215005325/en/Future-Ventures-Launches-200-Million-Venture-Capital | publisher = [[Business Wire]] |accessdate=28 April 2019}}</ref>Kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa bodi ya [[SpaceX]] .<ref name=bi>{{cite web |last=Bort |first=Julie |title=Here's Why Investor Steve Jurvetson Saved Elon Musk's Space Dreams |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jurvetson-spacex-elon-musk-2012-9 |publisher=Business Insider |date=2012-09-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sq8jzqezj2zubn5q7f2qqvyhsej8o0i Bill Joy 0 230326 1509528 2026-04-24T22:13:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Nelson Joy''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[1954]]) ni [[mhandisi]] wa kompyuta bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://dl.acm.org/author_page.cfm?id=81100148022| title = ACM author profile page: William Nelson Joy}}</ref>Alianzisha ''Sun Microsystems'' mwaka [[1982]] pamoja na Scott McNealy, Vinod Khosla, na Andy Bechtolsheim, na alihudumu kama [[Mwanasayansi]] Mkuu na Afisa Mkuu wa Teknolojia katika kampuni hiyo...' 1509528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Nelson Joy''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 8]], [[1954]]) ni [[mhandisi]] wa kompyuta bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://dl.acm.org/author_page.cfm?id=81100148022| title = ACM author profile page: William Nelson Joy}}</ref>Alianzisha ''Sun Microsystems'' mwaka [[1982]] pamoja na Scott McNealy, Vinod Khosla, na Andy Bechtolsheim, na alihudumu kama [[Mwanasayansi]] Mkuu na Afisa Mkuu wa Teknolojia katika kampuni hiyo hadi mwaka [[2003]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fossil.fuhrwerks.com/csrg/fdiff?v1=d6eb5fa5a41b9648&v2=7fb8837733dec112 |title=Computer Systems Research Group BSD Distribution: Diff |last=Joy |first=Bill |date=October 10, 1980 |publisher=[[Computer Systems Research Group]] |access-date=December 15, 2022 |quote=case 'v':}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bf3sms7fgz1u6pi3daalk7u7y245c1g William P. Lauder 0 230327 1509529 2026-04-24T22:19:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Philip Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili 11]], [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na mwenyekiti wa bodi ya ''Estée Lauder Companies''.Ni mmoja wa watengenezaji wakuu duniani wa bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi, vipodozi, manukato, na utunzaji wa nywele.<ref>{{cite web |title=William Lauder |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/william-lauder/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}...' 1509529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Philip Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili 11]], [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na mwenyekiti wa bodi ya ''Estée Lauder Companies''.Ni mmoja wa watengenezaji wakuu duniani wa bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi, vipodozi, manukato, na utunzaji wa nywele.<ref>{{cite web |title=William Lauder |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/william-lauder/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0l7o4gl502jl53jsr40u0jvftvqe430 Ronald Lauder 0 230328 1509531 2026-04-24T22:27:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ronald Steven Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 26]], [[1944]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ronald Lauder |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ronald-lauder/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Yeye ndiye mrithi pekee wa ''Estée Lauder Companies'', iliyoanzishwa na wazazi wake [[Estée Lauder]] na [[Joseph Lauder]] mwaka [[1946]], baada ya kifo cha kaka yake [[Leonard Lauder]] mwaka [[2025]].<ref>{{cite th...' 1509531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Steven Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 26]], [[1944]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ronald Lauder |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ronald-lauder/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Yeye ndiye mrithi pekee wa ''Estée Lauder Companies'', iliyoanzishwa na wazazi wake [[Estée Lauder]] na [[Joseph Lauder]] mwaka [[1946]], baada ya kifo cha kaka yake [[Leonard Lauder]] mwaka [[2025]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Howerton |first=Ashley Brooke |date=2002 |title=The Estee Lauder Companies Background and History |publisher=University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/553 |website =trace.tennessee.edu/ |access-date =December 10, 2020}}</ref><ref> {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/26/nyregion/estee-lauder-pursuer-of-beauty-and-cosmetics-titan-dies-at-97.html |title=Estée Lauder, Pursuer of Beauty And Cosmetics Titan, Dies at 97 |first=Richard Severo |last= Severo |work=The New York Times |date=April 26, 2004 | access-date =December 10, 2020}} </ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 480hb8nlvq3pzriq5et9nsx8g0zn1tx Leonard Lauder 0 230329 1509532 2026-04-24T22:38:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leonard Alan Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 19]], [[1933]] – Alifariki [[Juni 14]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mfadhili, na mkusanyaji wa sanaa nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/the-lauder-family|title=The Lauder Family|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref>Pamoja na kaka yake [[Ronald Lauder]], walikuwa warithi pekee wa utajiri wa vipodozi wa ''Estée Lauder Companies''.<ref>{{Cite web|ur...' 1509532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonard Alan Lauder''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 19]], [[1933]] – Alifariki [[Juni 14]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mfadhili, na mkusanyaji wa sanaa nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/the-lauder-family|title=The Lauder Family|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref>Pamoja na kaka yake [[Ronald Lauder]], walikuwa warithi pekee wa utajiri wa vipodozi wa ''Estée Lauder Companies''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/investors|title=Investors|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/who-we-are/key-moments|title=Key Moments|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> Alikuwa mwenyekiti mstaafu wa Estée Lauder Companies.Mwaka [[2013]], Lauder aliahidi mkusanyo wake wa sanaa ya Cubist kuutoa kwa ''Metropolitan Museum of Art''; mkusanyo huo unakadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya zaidi ya dola bilioni 1.<ref name="EL website">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcompanies.com/en/404-error|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027123405/http://elcompanies.com/the_company/leonard_a_lauder.php|url-status=dead|title=Leonard A. Lauder|archive-date=October 27, 2010|website=www.elcompanies.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] gyp72ni4aamvgcf0hdpk7z75hsd3hbh Sheila Johnson 0 230330 1509533 2026-04-24T22:41:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheila Johnson''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 25]], [[1949]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]], ambaye alianzisha ''BET'' na ni afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Salamander Hotels and Resorts''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheila Johnson |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheila-johnson/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza bilionea.<ref name=BizWoman>{{cite web|title=7 things I learned from the first black fema...' 1509533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Johnson''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 25]], [[1949]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]], ambaye alianzisha ''BET'' na ni afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Salamander Hotels and Resorts''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheila Johnson |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheila-johnson/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza bilionea.<ref name=BizWoman>{{cite web|title=7 things I learned from the first black female billionaire|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/profiles-strategies/2014/09/7-things-i-learned-from-the-first-black-female.html?page=all|website=BizWoman|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ordaycac2zd8iejf0m3kk42nugf6jl7 1509534 1509533 2026-04-24T22:42:28Z Ally0111 85292 1509534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Crump Johnson''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 25]], [[1949]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]], ambaye alianzisha ''BET'' na ni afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Salamander Hotels and Resorts''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sheila Johnson |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheila-johnson/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza bilionea.<ref name=BizWoman>{{cite web|title=7 things I learned from the first black female billionaire|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/profiles-strategies/2014/09/7-things-i-learned-from-the-first-black-female.html?page=all|website=BizWoman|access-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j683vz34fog2vg7gwfx81yt6mk0tgnh Willis Johnson 0 230331 1509535 2026-04-24T22:45:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Willis J. Johnson''' (Alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-19/junkyard-billionaire-thriving-on-car-wrecks-expands-his-empire|title=This man is a junkyard billionaire|first=Emma|last=Vickers|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=19 November 2019 }}</ref>Yeye ni mwanzilishi na aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Copart'', kampuni ya uokoaji wa magari n...' 1509535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willis J. Johnson''' (Alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-19/junkyard-billionaire-thriving-on-car-wrecks-expands-his-empire|title=This man is a junkyard billionaire|first=Emma|last=Vickers|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=19 November 2019 }}</ref>Yeye ni mwanzilishi na aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Copart'', kampuni ya uokoaji wa magari na mnada, iliyoanzishwa mwaka [[1982]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2008/04/23/on-the-line-copart-ceo-willis-johnson.html|title=On the Line: Copart CEO Willis Johnson|first=Carlo|last=Dellaverson|date=April 23, 2008|website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2002-06-09/turning-rust-into-gold|title=Turning rust into gold|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=10 June 2002 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9elxtywtx2nsekukk5cpn5wxacx57v7 Lev Pontryagin 0 230332 1509555 2026-04-25T02:29:21Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin''' ( pia huandikwa '''Pontriagin''' au '''Pontrjagin''', na jina la kwanza wakati mwingine hutafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza kama '''Leon''') (3 Septemba 1908 – 3 Mei 1988) alikuwa mwanahisabati wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti. Alipoteza uwezo wa kuona kabisa akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, lakini alifanya ugunduzi muhimu katika nyanja mbalimbali za hisabati, zikiwemo topolojia ya aljebra, topolojia ya tofauti na udhibiti bora (''optimal control'...' 1509555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin''' ( pia huandikwa '''Pontriagin''' au '''Pontrjagin''', na jina la kwanza wakati mwingine hutafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza kama '''Leon''') (3 Septemba 1908 – 3 Mei 1988) alikuwa mwanahisabati wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti. Alipoteza uwezo wa kuona kabisa akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, lakini alifanya ugunduzi muhimu katika nyanja mbalimbali za hisabati, zikiwemo topolojia ya aljebra, topolojia ya tofauti na udhibiti bora (''optimal control''). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1908|1988}} cj18ebnobl0ie4gfsxkyheymn9p0s51 T. V. Raman 0 230333 1509556 2026-04-25T02:39:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''T. V. Raman''' (amezaliwa tarehe 4 Mei 1965) ni Mhindi-Mmarekani mtaalamu wa sayansi ya kompyuta anayejishughulisha na utafiti wa uwezeshaji wa upatikanaji wa teknolojia (accessibility).<ref name="SciAmprof">Gibbs, W.W. (1996) ''Profile: T. V. Raman – Envisioning Speech'', ''[[Scientific American]]'' '''275'''(3), 52-54.</ref> Maeneo yake makuu ya utafiti yanahusu miingiliano ya watumiaji inayotegemea sauti (auditory user interfaces) na hati za kiele...' 1509556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''T. V. Raman''' (amezaliwa tarehe 4 Mei 1965) ni Mhindi-Mmarekani mtaalamu wa sayansi ya kompyuta anayejishughulisha na utafiti wa uwezeshaji wa upatikanaji wa teknolojia (accessibility).<ref name="SciAmprof">Gibbs, W.W. (1996) ''Profile: T. V. Raman – Envisioning Speech'', ''[[Scientific American]]'' '''275'''(3), 52-54.</ref> Maeneo yake makuu ya utafiti yanahusu miingiliano ya watumiaji inayotegemea sauti (auditory user interfaces) na hati za kielektroniki zilizo na muundo maalum. Amefanya kazi katika teknolojia za mwingiliano wa usemi na lugha za alama (markup) katika muktadha wa [[World Wide Web]] akiwa katika maabara ya utafiti ya Cambridge ya Digital (CRL), pamoja na Adobe Systems na IBM Research. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi katika kitengo cha utafiti cha [[Google]].<ref name=Yegge>{{cite web|url=[https://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/05/dynamic-languages-strike-back.html|accessdate=2012-08-31|title=Stevey's](https://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/05/dynamic-languages-strike-back.html|accessdate=2012-08-31|title=Stevey's) Blog Rants: Dynamic Languages Strike Back|date=11 May 2008|publisher=yegge.blogspot.com}}</ref> Raman amekuwa na uoni hafifu tangu kuzaliwa kwake, na alipofikisha umri wa miaka 14 alipoteza uwezo wa kuona kabisa.<ref><ref name="SciAmprof"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa India]] g1locok0zy51ya7287prl7sy7tbfek8 Marcus Roberts 0 230334 1509558 2026-04-25T02:48:01Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marthaniel''' "'''Marcus'''" '''Roberts''' (amezaliwa tarehe 7 Agosti 1963)<ref> ni mpiga kinanda wa jazzi, mtunzi wa muziki, mpangaji wa muziki (arranger), kiongozi wa bendi, na mwalimu kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1509558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marthaniel''' "'''Marcus'''" '''Roberts''' (amezaliwa tarehe 7 Agosti 1963)<ref> ni mpiga kinanda wa jazzi, mtunzi wa muziki, mpangaji wa muziki (arranger), kiongozi wa bendi, na mwalimu kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] h75d71oybgxzmcn5v1dybt85v83tuld Fred Reid 0 230335 1509559 2026-04-25T02:51:21Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fred Reid''' (1937 – 29 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwanahistoria aliyezaliwa [[Uskochi]], mwandishi, na mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu. Akiwa amepoteza uwezo wa kuona tangu alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14, alikuja kuwa mtetezi mashuhuri wa watu wasioona na wenye uoni hafifu nchini [[Uingereza]], huku pia akichapisha kazi zinazoheshimika za utafiti wa kihistoria. Aliishi sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya baadaye katika [[Kenilworth]], Warwickshire, n...' 1509559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Reid''' (1937 – 29 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwanahistoria aliyezaliwa [[Uskochi]], mwandishi, na mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu. Akiwa amepoteza uwezo wa kuona tangu alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14, alikuja kuwa mtetezi mashuhuri wa watu wasioona na wenye uoni hafifu nchini [[Uingereza]], huku pia akichapisha kazi zinazoheshimika za utafiti wa kihistoria. Aliishi sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya baadaye katika [[Kenilworth]], Warwickshire, na alikuwa profesa wa heshima katika University of Warwick.<ref name="HeraldObit">{{cite news |title=Distinguished Glasgow historian Fred Reid dies aged 87 |url=[https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25097738.distinguished-glasgow-historian-fred-reid-dies-aged-87/](https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/25097738.distinguished-glasgow-historian-fred-reid-dies-aged-87/) |work=The Herald |date=31 March 2025 |access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1937|2025}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] ] lzo21eghts9xrc9qnaejat76uotcziy Sukhlal Sanghvi 0 230336 1509560 2026-04-25T02:55:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sukhlal Sanghvi''' (8 Desemba 1880 – 2 Machi 1978), anayejulikana pia kama '''Pandit Sukhlalji''', alikuwa msomi na mwanafalsafa wa dini ya [[Ujaini]]. Alikuwa wa dhehebu la Sthanakvasi ndani ya [[Ujaini]].<ref name=Jaini>{{cite book | last =Jaini | first =Padmanabh | title =Collected Papers on Jaina Studies | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publ. | year =2000 | location =Delhi | isbn =81-208-1691-9 }} Preface p. vi</ref> Pandit Sukhlal alipoteza uwez...' 1509560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sukhlal Sanghvi''' (8 Desemba 1880 – 2 Machi 1978), anayejulikana pia kama '''Pandit Sukhlalji''', alikuwa msomi na mwanafalsafa wa dini ya [[Ujaini]]. Alikuwa wa dhehebu la Sthanakvasi ndani ya [[Ujaini]].<ref name=Jaini>{{cite book | last =Jaini | first =Padmanabh | title =Collected Papers on Jaina Studies | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publ. | year =2000 | location =Delhi | isbn =81-208-1691-9 }} Preface p. vi</ref> Pandit Sukhlal alipoteza uwezo wa kuona akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na sita kutokana na ugonjwa wa ndui. Hata hivyo, aliendelea na masomo yake na kuwa mtaalamu mkubwa wa mantiki ya Kijaini, na hatimaye akawa profesa katika Banaras Hindu University. Paul Dundas anamwelezea kama mmoja wa wafasiri makini zaidi wa kisasa wa falsafa ya Ujaini.<ref>{{cite book | last =Dundas | first =Paul |author2=John Hinnels ed. | title =The Jains | publisher =Routledge | year =2002 | location =London | isbn =0-415-26606-8 }} p. 228</ref> Dundas pia anabainisha kuwa Sanghvi anawakilisha ulimwengu wa kitaaluma na kiakili ambao kwa sasa karibu umetoweka.<ref name="Jaini vi">Jaini p.vi</ref> Alikuwa mlezi (mentor) wa msomi mashuhuri wa Ujaini Padmanabh Jaini. Katika maisha yake, alipokea tuzo mbalimbali zikiwemo Sahitya Akademi Award na kutambuliwa na Serikali ya India kwa kutunukiwa Padma Bhushan. Sukhlalji pia alijulikana kwa jina la ''Pragnachaksu'' kutokana na elimu yake kubwa licha ya ulemavu wa kuona. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1880|1978}} [[Jamii:Watu wa India]] 03v3fw5puz4brh6zte7tekq6it2j1j7 Nicholas Saunderson 0 230337 1509561 2026-04-25T02:57:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nicholas Saunderson''' FRS (20 Januari 1682 – 19 Aprili 1739) alikuwa mwanasayansi na mwanahisabati wa Kiingereza ambaye alikuwa haoni.<ref>H. F. Baker, Nicholas Saunderson or Sanderson, in Dictionary of National Biography Vol L (London, 1897), pp. 332–333.</ref> Kwa mujibu wa mwanahistoria mmoja wa takwimu, huenda alikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa kwanza kugundua nadharia ya Bayes.<ref>[[Stephen M. Stigler]], Who Discovered Bayes's Theorem?, ''The A...' 1509561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicholas Saunderson''' FRS (20 Januari 1682 – 19 Aprili 1739) alikuwa mwanasayansi na mwanahisabati wa Kiingereza ambaye alikuwa haoni.<ref>H. F. Baker, Nicholas Saunderson or Sanderson, in Dictionary of National Biography Vol L (London, 1897), pp. 332–333.</ref> Kwa mujibu wa mwanahistoria mmoja wa takwimu, huenda alikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa kwanza kugundua nadharia ya Bayes.<ref>[[Stephen M. Stigler]], Who Discovered Bayes's Theorem?, ''[[The American Statistician]]'', Vol. '''37''', No. 4, Part 1 (November 1983), pp. 290–296; collected in Stephen M. Stigler (1999), ''Statistics on the Table: The History of Statistical Concepts and Methods'', pp. 291–301, [[Harvard University Press]] {{isbn|978-0-674-83601-3}} (hbk) {{isbn|978-0-674-00979-0}} (pbk).</ref> Alifanya kazi kama Lucasian Professor of Mathematics katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]], nafasi ambayo pia iliwahi kushikiliwa na Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage na Stephen Hawking. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1682|1739}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Uingereza]] livhh48fmrq4jo14bvl2r7avnrlmfvp Petrus Scriverius 0 230338 1509562 2026-04-25T03:00:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Petrus Scriverius''', jina la Kilatini la '''Peter Schrijver''' au '''Schryver''' (12 Januari 1576 – 30 Aprili 1660), alikuwa mwandishi na msomi wa [[Waholanzi]] aliyebobea katika historia ya Nchi za Chini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1576|1660}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uholanzi]]' 1509562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petrus Scriverius''', jina la Kilatini la '''Peter Schrijver''' au '''Schryver''' (12 Januari 1576 – 30 Aprili 1660), alikuwa mwandishi na msomi wa [[Waholanzi]] aliyebobea katika historia ya Nchi za Chini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1576|1660}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uholanzi]] 09ux7owosgs6z68ujx2xscuk9e9vg72 James Robert Slagle 0 230339 1509574 2026-04-25T05:56:31Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Robert Slagle''' (1 Machi 1934 – 3 Desemba 2023) alikuwa mtaalamu wa sayansi ya kompyuta kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa mafanikio yake mengi katika Akili Bandia (Artificial Intelligence). Tangu mwaka 1984 alikuwa Profesa Mahiri (Distinguished Professor) wa Sayansi ya Kompyuta katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota, Minneapolis, akiwa pia amewahi kufanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins, Taasisi za Kitaifa za Afya (National Institutes o...' 1509574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Robert Slagle''' (1 Machi 1934 – 3 Desemba 2023) alikuwa mtaalamu wa sayansi ya kompyuta kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa mafanikio yake mengi katika Akili Bandia (Artificial Intelligence). Tangu mwaka 1984 alikuwa Profesa Mahiri (Distinguished Professor) wa Sayansi ya Kompyuta katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota, Minneapolis, akiwa pia amewahi kufanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins, Taasisi za Kitaifa za Afya (National Institutes of Health) huko Bethesda, Maryland, Maabara ya Utafiti ya Jeshi la Wanamaji (Naval Research Laboratory), Maabara ya Lawrence Livermore Radiation, Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley, pamoja na Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Massachusetts (MIT). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|2023}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] t6lk0vobd1n3w7ykwds08brfwn9jd5g Jacobus tenBroek 0 230340 1509575 2026-04-25T05:58:33Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacobus tenBroek''' (1911–1968) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu, mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa-mtafiti kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1911|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1509575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacobus tenBroek''' (1911–1968) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu, mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa-mtafiti kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1911|1968}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] qfmkv26exvn41uyqobcjub0p8b66tzr Vladimir Tikhomirov 0 230341 1509577 2026-04-25T06:09:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vladimir Vladimirovich Tikhomirov''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Тихоми́ров}}; 25 Oktoba 1915 – 13 Januari 1994) alikuwa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti|Msovieti]] na [[Urusi|Mrusi]] [[jiolojia|mtaalamu wa jiolojia]] na mwanahistoria wa sayansi ya jiolojia. Alibobea katika jiolojia ya kikanda ya Caucasus, stratigrafia, na [[tektoniki]], lakini anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na mratibu wa taaluma ya historia ya jiolojia....' 1509577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Vladimirovich Tikhomirov''' ({{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Тихоми́ров}}; 25 Oktoba 1915 – 13 Januari 1994) alikuwa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti|Msovieti]] na [[Urusi|Mrusi]] [[jiolojia|mtaalamu wa jiolojia]] na mwanahistoria wa sayansi ya jiolojia. Alibobea katika jiolojia ya kikanda ya Caucasus, stratigrafia, na [[tektoniki]], lakini anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na mratibu wa taaluma ya historia ya jiolojia. Alianzisha kitengo cha kwanza maalumu cha kitaaluma kwa ajili ya historia ya jiolojia katika Umoja wa Kisovyeti, na pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi pamoja na rais wa kwanza wa Tume ya Kimataifa ya Historia ya Sayansi za Jiolojia (INHIGEO).<ref>[[https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/2022/history-of-geosciencecelebrating-50-years-of](https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/2022/history-of-geosciencecelebrating-50-years-of) Celebrating 50 Years of INHIGEO] / Wahariri W. Mayer, R. M. Clary, L. F. Azuela, N. S. Mots, S. Wolkowicz. London: GSL, 2017. 456 uk. (GSL Special Publication; 442).</ref><ref name=":0">''Guntau M.'' Nachruf Vladimir Vladimirovic Tichomirov (1915—1994) // Nachrichtenblatt Gesch. Geowiss. 1995. Na. 3. uk. 114—116.</ref><ref>V. V. Tikhomirov — rais wa Kamati ya Kimataifa ya historia ya sayansi za jiolojia // GeoTimes. 1967. Juz. 12. Na. 7. uk. 32.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1915|1994}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] 0vqcz80ep0y98vdn3jwbg6thv1f7ex5 Mary Townsend (entomologist) 0 230342 1509578 2026-04-25T06:12:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Townsend''' (14 Mei 1814 – 8 Julai 1851) alikuwa mwandishi wa awali wa sayansi nchini [[Marekani]] na mpinga utumwa. Alizaliwa katika familia mashuhuri ya [[Philadelphia]] yenye imani ya [[Quaker]], yeye pamoja na wazazi na ndugu zake walipata elimu katika Westtown School. Tangu utotoni, Townsend alikuwa na shauku kubwa kuhusu wadudu. Alifanya tafiti na majaribio mbalimbali, akichunguza sampuli kwa kutumia darubini na kuchambua tabia zao. Kutoka...' 1509578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Townsend''' (14 Mei 1814 – 8 Julai 1851) alikuwa mwandishi wa awali wa sayansi nchini [[Marekani]] na mpinga utumwa. Alizaliwa katika familia mashuhuri ya [[Philadelphia]] yenye imani ya [[Quaker]], yeye pamoja na wazazi na ndugu zake walipata elimu katika Westtown School. Tangu utotoni, Townsend alikuwa na shauku kubwa kuhusu wadudu. Alifanya tafiti na majaribio mbalimbali, akichunguza sampuli kwa kutumia darubini na kuchambua tabia zao. Kutokana na maradhi na kupoteza uwezo wa kuona kulikomfanya abaki kitandani, Townsend alijifundisha kuandika kwa kutumia kadi iliyofanana na mfumo wa braille. Mwaka 1844, alichapisha kitabu ''Life in the Insect World: or, Conversations upon Insects, between an Aunt and Her Nieces'', ambacho kilipata umaarufu na kuwa na ushawishi mkubwa, hasa katika kuwahamasisha wanawake wengine kujihusisha na sayansi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1814|1851}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] tq0d85lqdada7hmztcdwe1qdkhwyv10 Geerat J. Vermeij 0 230343 1509579 2026-04-25T06:17:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Geerat J. Vermeij''' (amezaliwa 28 Septemba 1946) ni mtaalamu wa [[Netherlands|Uholanzi]]-mzaliwa wa paleoikolojia na biolojia ya mageuko katika Idara ya Sayansi za Dunia na Sayari ya Chuo Kikuu cha California, Davis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fong |first=Janice |date=2018-05-01 |title=Geerat J. Vermeij |url=[https://eps.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/vermeij](https://eps.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/vermeij) |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=UC Davis Ear...' 1509579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geerat J. Vermeij''' (amezaliwa 28 Septemba 1946) ni mtaalamu wa [[Netherlands|Uholanzi]]-mzaliwa wa paleoikolojia na biolojia ya mageuko katika Idara ya Sayansi za Dunia na Sayari ya Chuo Kikuu cha California, Davis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fong |first=Janice |date=2018-05-01 |title=Geerat J. Vermeij |url=[https://eps.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/vermeij](https://eps.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/vermeij) |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=UC Davis Earth and Planetary Sciences |language=en}}</ref> Anachunguza molluscs wa baharini, wote kama visukuku na viumbe hai, pamoja na namna viumbe vinavyoathiriana katika hatima zao za kimageuko. Pia amefanya kazi kuhusu mimea, kaa, kutoweka kwa viumbe, uvamizi wa kibaolojia, na jiografia ya viumbe.<ref name="shapeoflife.org">{{Cite web |title=Geerat Vermeij, Evolutionary Biologist {{!}} Shape of Life |url=[https://www.shapeoflife.org/scientist/geerat-vermeij-evolutionary-biologist](https://www.shapeoflife.org/scientist/geerat-vermeij-evolutionary-biologist) |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=[www.shapeoflife.org](http://www.shapeoflife.org)}}</ref> Alipokea MacArthur Fellowship mwaka 1992,<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.blind.net/g5000005.htm](http://www.blind.net/g5000005.htm) |title=Blind Professor Receives Macarthur Award |access-date=2009-09-25 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090530170828/http://www.blind.net/g5000005.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20090530170828/http://www.blind.net/g5000005.htm) |archive-date=2009-05-30 }}</ref> na mwaka 2000 alitunukiwa Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal kutoka Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi cha Marekani.<ref name="Elliot">{{cite web|title=Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal |url=[http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_elliot](http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_elliot) |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120801121352/http://nas.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_elliot](https://web.archive.org/web/20120801121352/http://nas.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_elliot) |archive-date=August 1, 2012 }}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa California Academy of Sciences mwaka 1992 na alitunukiwa Medali ya Wenzake (Fellows Medal) kutoka taasisi hiyo mwaka 2017.<ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946|}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Uholanzi]] 0tn1h5o08wn9exkwn5odonvsrdlndao Anatoli Vitushkin 0 230344 1509580 2026-04-25T06:23:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin''' (25 Juni 1931 – 9 Mei 2004) alikuwa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti|Msovieti]] [[mwanahisabati]] aliyejulikana kwa mchango wake katika analytic capacity au kwa maeneo mengine ni [[uchambuzi wa kihisabati]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vitushkin |first1=Anatoli G. |authorlink1=Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin |last2=Mel'nikov |first2=M. S. |title=3.7. Analytic capacity and rational approximations |journal=Journal of Mathematical Scien...' 1509580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin''' (25 Juni 1931 – 9 Mei 2004) alikuwa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti|Msovieti]] [[mwanahisabati]] aliyejulikana kwa mchango wake katika analytic capacity au kwa maeneo mengine ni [[uchambuzi wa kihisabati]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vitushkin |first1=Anatoli G. |authorlink1=Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin |last2=Mel'nikov |first2=M. S. |title=3.7. Analytic capacity and rational approximations |journal=Journal of Mathematical Sciences |date=1984-09-01 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |series=1072-3374 |pages=2237–2238 |volume=26 |issue=5 |doi=10.1007/BF01221553 |s2cid=120453296 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1931|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] c1ulh6y95k30u11flc1qolwlb586vml John Walker (mwanahistoria) 0 230345 1509582 2026-04-25T06:27:42Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Walker''' FRSE (1731–1803) alikuwa mhudumu wa dini kutoka [[Uskoti]] na mwanahistoria wa asili. Alikuwa profesa wa kifalme (Regius Professor) wa historia ya asili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburg kuanzia mwaka 1779 hadi 1803. Alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Royal Society of Edinburgh mwaka 1783 na pia aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa Baraza Kuu la Kanisa la Scotland mwaka 1790. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1731|1803}} Jamii:Wanasayansi...' 1509582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Walker''' FRSE (1731–1803) alikuwa mhudumu wa dini kutoka [[Uskoti]] na mwanahistoria wa asili. Alikuwa profesa wa kifalme (Regius Professor) wa historia ya asili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburg kuanzia mwaka 1779 hadi 1803. Alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Royal Society of Edinburgh mwaka 1783 na pia aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa Baraza Kuu la Kanisa la Scotland mwaka 1790. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1731|1803}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Uskoti]] s994x9kbamfyhr8lrq8d9ssb6cqr4v2 Sylvia Walker 0 230346 1509584 2026-04-25T06:30:43Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sylvia Walker''' (18 Julai 1937 – 6 Februari 2004) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu na profesa katika Shule ya Elimu ya Howard University. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1937|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1509584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Walker''' (18 Julai 1937 – 6 Februari 2004) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za watu wenye ulemavu na profesa katika Shule ya Elimu ya Howard University. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1937|2004}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] tkfgdry410dotbj4z1d5y5743zf2p3n Henry Wedler 0 230347 1509585 2026-04-25T06:33:13Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Henry "Hoby" Wedler''' ni mwanakemia na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa akiwa kipofu na amekuwa mtetezi wa kuongeza upatikanaji wa sayansi kwa wanafunzi wenye ulemavu. Wedler ameeleza kuwa hata wanakemia wasioona wanaweza kuwa na faida fulani ukilinganisha na wenzao wanaoona, kutokana na hitaji la kuunda taswira za kiakili za muundo wa misombo ya kikaboni; “Nimekuwa nikitengeneza taswira akilini mwangu maisha yangu yote”.<ref name="brai...' 1509585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry "Hoby" Wedler''' ni mwanakemia na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa akiwa kipofu na amekuwa mtetezi wa kuongeza upatikanaji wa sayansi kwa wanafunzi wenye ulemavu. Wedler ameeleza kuwa hata wanakemia wasioona wanaweza kuwa na faida fulani ukilinganisha na wenzao wanaoona, kutokana na hitaji la kuunda taswira za kiakili za muundo wa misombo ya kikaboni; “Nimekuwa nikitengeneza taswira akilini mwangu maisha yangu yote”.<ref name="braille">{{Cite web|url=[https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm11/bm1110/bm111005.htm|website=nfb.org|title=Braille](https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm11/bm1110/bm111005.htm|website=nfb.org|title=Braille) Monitor: Has No Trouble Visualizing a Doctorate in Chemistry|access-date=5 Dec 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] c0bj8poeit317jf6e2f0zqsi6pwrzzi John Grimshaw Wilkinson 0 230348 1509586 2026-04-25T06:36:12Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Grimshaw Wilkinson''' (6 Januari 1856 – 28 Februari 1937) alikuwa Mwingereza mtaalamu wa mimea kutoka [[Leeds]]. Alikuwa na ulemavu wa kuona na aliweza kutambua mimea mbalimbali kwa kutumia ulimi wake kuhisi umbo na muundo wake. Alisaidia Huduma ya Bustani za Leeds katika kuchagua mimea inayofaa, na pia alikuwa rais wa Leeds Naturalists' Club. Mwaka 1935 alitunukiwa shahada ya heshima na Chuo Kikuu cha Leeds. Mkusanyiko wake mkubwa wa mimea (her...' 1509586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Grimshaw Wilkinson''' (6 Januari 1856 – 28 Februari 1937) alikuwa Mwingereza mtaalamu wa mimea kutoka [[Leeds]]. Alikuwa na ulemavu wa kuona na aliweza kutambua mimea mbalimbali kwa kutumia ulimi wake kuhisi umbo na muundo wake. Alisaidia Huduma ya Bustani za Leeds katika kuchagua mimea inayofaa, na pia alikuwa rais wa Leeds Naturalists' Club. Mwaka 1935 alitunukiwa shahada ya heshima na Chuo Kikuu cha Leeds. Mkusanyiko wake mkubwa wa mimea (herbariamu), uliokusanywa na mama yake, unahifadhiwa katika Leeds Museums & Galleries. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1856|1937}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] jw4lem6je4ojn198mwt6qxx6avswqbz Serap Yazıcı 0 230349 1509587 2026-04-25T06:39:16Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Serap Yazıcı''' (amezaliwa 1963 mjini [[Ankara]], [[Uturuki]]) ni mwanasiasa na msomi wa sheria ya katiba kutoka [[Uturuki]].<ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa kamati iliyokuwa na jukumu la kuandaa rasimu ya pendekezo la katiba ya Uturuki mpya. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uturuki]]' 1509587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serap Yazıcı''' (amezaliwa 1963 mjini [[Ankara]], [[Uturuki]]) ni mwanasiasa na msomi wa sheria ya katiba kutoka [[Uturuki]].<ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa kamati iliyokuwa na jukumu la kuandaa rasimu ya pendekezo la katiba ya Uturuki mpya. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uturuki]] 6zhqqmknf732r61t8uee6pxz5t6cyby Daniel Zingaro 0 230350 1509588 2026-04-25T06:44:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniel Zingaro''' ni profesa mshiriki katika Chuo kikuu cha Toronto Mississauga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/math-cs-stats/faculty-staff/zingaro-dr-daniel|title=Zingaro](https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/math-cs-stats/faculty-staff/zingaro-dr-daniel|title=Zingaro), Dr. Daniel {{!}} Mathematical & Computational Sciences|website=[www.utm.utoronto.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-08-10](http://www.utm.utoronto.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-...' 1509588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Zingaro''' ni profesa mshiriki katika Chuo kikuu cha Toronto Mississauga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/math-cs-stats/faculty-staff/zingaro-dr-daniel|title=Zingaro](https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/math-cs-stats/faculty-staff/zingaro-dr-daniel|title=Zingaro), Dr. Daniel {{!}} Mathematical & Computational Sciences|website=[www.utm.utoronto.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-08-10](http://www.utm.utoronto.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-08-10)}}</ref> Maeneo yake makuu ya utafiti ni tathmini ya elimu ya sayansi ya kompyuta na ujifunzaji wa mtandaoni.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://themedium.ca/features/the-guardians-of-utm-are-coming/|title=The](https://themedium.ca/features/the-guardians-of-utm-are-coming/|title=The) "Guardians of UTM" are coming {{!}} The Medium|date=2015-11-16|work=The Medium|access-date=2018-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> Amechangia kuandika zaidi ya makala 80 katika majarida na mikutano ya kitaaluma iliyopitiwa na wataalamu (peer-reviewed), na pia ameandika kitabu cha kiada kiitwacho ''Invariants: a Generative Approach to Programming''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/computing/?00011|title=College](http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/computing/?00011|title=College) Publications - Computing|website=[www.collegepublications.co.uk|access-date=2018-08-10](http://www.collegepublications.co.uk|access-date=2018-08-10)}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m9mf7eakndrbgcrst6elqpt3s9tua7z Friedrich Ancillon 0 230351 1509589 2026-04-25T06:46:22Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johann Peter Friedrich Ancillon''' (30 Aprili 1767 – 19 Aprili 1837) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa wa [[Prussia]]. Alimpatia Frederick William III of Prussia msaada mkubwa wa kiitikadi dhidi ya mageuzi ya kisiasa ambayo yangeweza kupunguza mamlaka ya kifalme.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Christopher |title=Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 |date=2006 |publisher=Belknap Press |pages=402 |isbn=9780674023857 }}</re...' 1509589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johann Peter Friedrich Ancillon''' (30 Aprili 1767 – 19 Aprili 1837) alikuwa mwanahistoria na mwanasiasa wa [[Prussia]]. Alimpatia Frederick William III of Prussia msaada mkubwa wa kiitikadi dhidi ya mageuzi ya kisiasa ambayo yangeweza kupunguza mamlaka ya kifalme.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Christopher |title=Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 |date=2006 |publisher=Belknap Press |pages=402 |isbn=9780674023857 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1767|1837}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Prussia]] cans3ri7op0r2cq09ruw1f2hsb5qwta Richard Armstedt 0 230352 1509599 2026-04-25T08:31:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Armstedt''' (10 Novemba 1851 – 14 Aprili 1931) alikuwa Mjerumani mwanaisimu wa kifilolojia, mwalimu, na mwanahistoria. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1851|1931}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Armstedt''' (10 Novemba 1851 – 14 Aprili 1931) alikuwa Mjerumani mwanaisimu wa kifilolojia, mwalimu, na mwanahistoria. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1851|1931}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 8t8wbmhjbw6sixn4tb5io3oxqo1uu6e Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sam.Grig 3 230353 1509605 2026-04-25T09:48:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509605 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ttuy20qpopd02url42udqmw4akkweiv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Vaxtang.Yeganyan.2000 3 230354 1509606 2026-04-25T09:48:26Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509606 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ttuy20qpopd02url42udqmw4akkweiv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rafayel.Mehrabyan2003 3 230355 1509607 2026-04-25T09:48:36Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509607 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ttuy20qpopd02url42udqmw4akkweiv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rick the Astley 3 230356 1509608 2026-04-25T09:48:46Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509608 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ttuy20qpopd02url42udqmw4akkweiv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Benutzernameauahgelapsoi 3 230357 1509609 2026-04-25T09:48:56Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509609 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ttuy20qpopd02url42udqmw4akkweiv Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:2x2x2x2x2 3 230358 1509610 2026-04-25T09:49:06Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509610 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) jxclrxi04farre7bdzu50m5vmdp2h80 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mandorake 3 230359 1509611 2026-04-25T09:49:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509611 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) jxclrxi04farre7bdzu50m5vmdp2h80 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:E.Shezaf 3 230360 1509612 2026-04-25T09:49:26Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509612 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) jxclrxi04farre7bdzu50m5vmdp2h80 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mukisa johan 3 230361 1509613 2026-04-25T09:49:36Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509613 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) jxclrxi04farre7bdzu50m5vmdp2h80 Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mitana Kadorho 3 230362 1509614 2026-04-25T09:49:46Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1509614 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) jxclrxi04farre7bdzu50m5vmdp2h80 Karl Eduard Arnd 0 230363 1509616 2026-04-25T09:55:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karl Eduard Arnd''' (23 Februari 1802 – 3 Septemba 1874) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria na mwandishi, aliyezaliwa katika mji wa Wągrowiec. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1802|1874}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Eduard Arnd''' (23 Februari 1802 – 3 Septemba 1874) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria na mwandishi, aliyezaliwa katika mji wa Wągrowiec. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1802|1874}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 7i80t3ryrzwh2wr81kqp3rulqvkg60p Ernst Moritz Arndt 0 230364 1509617 2026-04-25T09:57:53Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ernst Moritz Arndt''' (26 Desemba 1769 – 29 Januari 1860) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa utaifa, mwandishi na mshairi. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake alipigania kukomeshwa kwa utumwa wa kulazimishwa kwa wakulima (serfdom), na baadaye alipinga utawala wa [[Napoleon]] juu ya Ujerumani. Kutokana na misimamo yake ya kupinga Wafaransa, Arndt alilazimika kukimbilia [[Uswidi]] kwa muda. Anahesabiwa kuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wakuu wa utaifa wa Ki...' 1509617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernst Moritz Arndt''' (26 Desemba 1769 – 29 Januari 1860) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa utaifa, mwandishi na mshairi. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake alipigania kukomeshwa kwa utumwa wa kulazimishwa kwa wakulima (serfdom), na baadaye alipinga utawala wa [[Napoleon]] juu ya Ujerumani. Kutokana na misimamo yake ya kupinga Wafaransa, Arndt alilazimika kukimbilia [[Uswidi]] kwa muda. Anahesabiwa kuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wakuu wa utaifa wa Kijerumani wakati wa vita vya Napoleon<ref>{{Cite book |last=Popper |first=Karl |title=Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-28589-5 |location=London |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> na harakati za karne ya 19 za muungano wa Ujerumani. Baada ya Carlsbad Decrees, mamlaka za kurejesha utawala wa kifalme zilimchukulia kama mchochezi wa kisiasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1769|1860}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 2ty5v40m73hfguux44qlcslgxr48h6l John Lowry (mathematician) 0 230365 1509640 2026-04-25T11:21:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Lowry (mathematician)]] hadi [[John Lowry (mwanahisabati)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1509640 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[John Lowry (mwanahisabati)]] prp5oxbfnz9y9vcwx8wa9tnjzfz0mxx Wilhelm Arndt 0 230366 1509645 2026-04-25T11:29:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wilhelm Ferdinand Arndt''' (27 Septemba 1838, Lobsens, Posen, [[Prussia]] – 10 Januari 1895) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Dola ya Ujerumani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1838|1895}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilhelm Ferdinand Arndt''' (27 Septemba 1838, Lobsens, Posen, [[Prussia]] – 10 Januari 1895) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Dola ya Ujerumani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1838|1895}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] kbqlsy7zpqjoesilr2yqh406ptdu2ts Majadiliano:Hoteli Hilton 1 230367 1509656 2026-04-25T11:35:37Z ~2026-25387-12 88909 /* MAREKEBISHO KUHUSU WASHIRIKA WAA KUTOA PESA */ mjadala mpya 1509656 wikitext text/x-wiki == MAREKEBISHO KUHUSU WASHIRIKA WAA KUTOA PESA == je mkoo na MAREKEBISHO yaa wiki MBILI kuhusu kutoaa PESA kwaa WASHIRIKA WAA KUTOA PESA kama MPESA AIRTEL TIGO [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-25387-12|&#126;2026-25387-12]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-25387-12|talk]]) 11:35, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC) roe79c4o2ei69vdy6gjq7trgexn2khj Karl Friedrich Becker 0 230368 1509657 2026-04-25T11:38:32Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karl Friedrich Becker''' (11 Machi 1777 – 15 Machi 1806) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwalimu na mwanahistoria. Kazi yake maarufu zaidi ilikuwa ''World History for Children and Teachers of Children'' , ambayo ilitumika sana na ilihaririwa na kurekebishwa mara nyingi na wanahistoria wengine mashuhuri baada ya kifo chake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1777|1806}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Friedrich Becker''' (11 Machi 1777 – 15 Machi 1806) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwalimu na mwanahistoria. Kazi yake maarufu zaidi ilikuwa ''World History for Children and Teachers of Children'' , ambayo ilitumika sana na ilihaririwa na kurekebishwa mara nyingi na wanahistoria wengine mashuhuri baada ya kifo chake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1777|1806}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 6jwzddzwfppwqrhizia07gd7uatve32 Heinrich Beitzke 0 230369 1509658 2026-04-25T11:40:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Heinrich Beitzke''' (15 Februari 1798 – 10 Mei 1867, [[Berlin]]) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanahistoria wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]], aliyezaliwa katika Muttrin katika [[Prussia|Prusia]] ya Mkoa wa Pomerania.<ref>[[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB](https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB):Beitzke,_Heinrich ADB:Beitzke, Heinrich] Katika: [[Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie]]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1798|1867}} Jamii:Watu wa Ujeruma...' 1509658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heinrich Beitzke''' (15 Februari 1798 – 10 Mei 1867, [[Berlin]]) alikuwa mwanasiasa na mwanahistoria wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]], aliyezaliwa katika Muttrin katika [[Prussia|Prusia]] ya Mkoa wa Pomerania.<ref>[[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB](https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB):Beitzke,_Heinrich ADB:Beitzke, Heinrich] Katika: [[Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie]]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1798|1867}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] 1ueg279hct0hioil9mmfp34hxf3yzea Gustav Bergenroth 0 230370 1509660 2026-04-25T11:44:09Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gustav Adolf Bergenroth''' (26 Februari 1813 – 13 Februari 1869) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1813|1869}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gustav Adolf Bergenroth''' (26 Februari 1813 – 13 Februari 1869) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1813|1869}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] t1f0j7edrr9giaub1a4p0pkejsom3z9 Eugen Bormann 0 230371 1509661 2026-04-25T11:46:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eugen Ludwig Bormann''' (6 Oktoba 1842, Hilchenbach – 4 Machi 1917, Klosterneuburg) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Kijerumani-[[Austria|Austria]], anayejulikana kwa kazi yake katika taaluma ya epigrafia ya Kilatini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1842|1917}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]]' 1509661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugen Ludwig Bormann''' (6 Oktoba 1842, Hilchenbach – 4 Machi 1917, Klosterneuburg) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Kijerumani-[[Austria|Austria]], anayejulikana kwa kazi yake katika taaluma ya epigrafia ya Kilatini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1842|1917}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] fcamjtiw4e503kyizv94pbzumnpahv4 Adolf Bötticher 0 230372 1509664 2026-04-25T11:48:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adolf Bötticher''' au '''Adolf Boetticher''' (12 Desemba 1842 – 9 Juni 1901) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa sanaa na mhifadhi wa makumbusho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1842|1901}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adolf Bötticher''' au '''Adolf Boetticher''' (12 Desemba 1842 – 9 Juni 1901) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa sanaa na mhifadhi wa makumbusho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1842|1901}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] ei8f6d4u9fpn7yjxwpj47kd8rxikjql Moritz Brasch 0 230373 1509668 2026-04-25T11:52:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Moritz Brasch''' (18 Agosti 1843, Zempelburg, Prussia—sasa Sępólno Krajeńskie – 14 Septemba 1895, [[Leipzig]]) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanafalsafa na mwandishi wa fasihi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1843|1895}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moritz Brasch''' (18 Agosti 1843, Zempelburg, Prussia—sasa Sępólno Krajeńskie – 14 Septemba 1895, [[Leipzig]]) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanafalsafa na mwandishi wa fasihi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1843|1895}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] dr44dkqyqq8cuuawyjilctchio676ok Gottfried Gabriel Bredow 0 230374 1509671 2026-04-25T11:54:30Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gottfried Gabriel Bredow''' (14 Desemba 1773 – 5 Septemba 1814) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1773|1814}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gottfried Gabriel Bredow''' (14 Desemba 1773 – 5 Septemba 1814) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1773|1814}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] a2usm36dpcpd5u3f80ogtefizjizv0e Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching 0 230375 1509674 2026-04-25T11:56:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching''' (19 Septemba 1783 – 4 Mei 1829) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mtafiti wa mambo ya kale (antiquary). Alijulikana kwa ujuzi wake mkubwa kuhusu masuala yanayohusiana na Ujerumani katika Enzi za Kati. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1783|1829}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching''' (19 Septemba 1783 – 4 Mei 1829) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mtafiti wa mambo ya kale (antiquary). Alijulikana kwa ujuzi wake mkubwa kuhusu masuala yanayohusiana na Ujerumani katika Enzi za Kati. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1783|1829}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] qnetu7h69l2vx6icqag0j68yifjft3a Georg Busolt 0 230376 1509678 2026-04-25T11:58:22Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Georg Busolt''' (13 Novemba 1850 – 2 Septemba 1920) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa historia ya kale (Classical history). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1850|1920}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]]' 1509678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georg Busolt''' (13 Novemba 1850 – 2 Septemba 1920) alikuwa [[Ujerumani|Mjerumani]] mwanahistoria wa historia ya kale (Classical history). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1850|1920}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] o7qcbedzlcg79zzhm86ca1e3q3gcjeq