Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2479 1579000 1434837 2026-07-10T07:29:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kwa|ya Kikristo|Pasaka ya Kikristo|}}{{kwa|ya Kiyahudi|Pasaka ya Kiyahudi}} [[Image:Pessach_Pesach_Pascha_Judentum_Ungesaeuert_Seder_datafox.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Meza]] ya Seder yaani Chakula cha Pasaka ya Kiyahudi ikionyesha vitabu vya [[Haggada]].]] [[Picha:Matthias_Grünewald_-_Resurrection.jpg|thumb|150px|Yesu mfufuka.]] [[Picha:Easter eggs - straw decoration.jpg|thumb|150|Mayai ya Pasaka.]] '''Pasaka''' ni [[sikukuu]] muhimu katika [[dini]] za [[Uyahudi]] na [[Ukristo]]. [[Jina]] la Pasaka limetokana na [[neno]] la [[Kiebrania]] "פסח" (tamka: pasakh). == Aina == * '''[[Pasaka ya Kiyahudi]]''' ni [[ukumbusho]] wa [[ukombozi]] wa [[Wanaisraeli]] kutoka [[Misri]] wakati wa [[Musa]] mnamo [[miaka ya 1200 KK]]. * '''[[Pasaka ya Kikristo]]''' ni ukumbusho wa [[Ufufuko wa Yesu|kufufuka kwake]] [[Yesu Kristo]] siku ya [[tatu]] baada ya [[Msalaba wa Yesu|kusulubiwa kwake]], mnamo [[Aprili]] [[30]]. Inahesabiwa kuwa sikukuu muhimu kabisa katika Ukristo. Taarifa za [[Agano Jipya]] zinatoa habari ya kuwa kufa na kufufuka kwa [[Yesu]] yametokea wakati wa sikukuu ya Pasaka ya Kiyahudi. Kwa hiyo jina la sikukuu hiyo limeendelea kutumika kwa ajili ya [[sherehe]] ya Kikristo. ==Tarehe ya Pasaka== Katika [[kalenda]] ya kawaida [[tarehe]] ya Pasaka inabadilika kila [[mwaka]], ila inapatikana katika [[Machi]] au [[Aprili]] tu, kwa sababu upande mmoja inafuata kuonekana kwa [[mwezi]] [[anga|angani]], lakini imefungwa pia kwa [[sikusare]] (au ekwinoksi, yaani siku ya usawa wa [[mchana]] na [[usiku]]), kwa hiyo haizunguki mwaka mzima kama tarehe za sherehe za [[Uislamu]]. Pasaka ya Kiyahudi inafuata kalenda yao maalumu: ni tarehe 15 Nisan ambayo ni siku baada ya [[mwezi mpevu]] wa kwanza unaofuata sikusare ya [[Majira ya machipuko]] katika [[nusutufe ya kaskazini]] ya [[Dunia]] (mnamo 21 Machi). Wakristo wa kwanza, ambao wote walikuwa Wayahudi, walisherehekea sikukuu ya Kiyahudi pamoja na kumbukumbu ya ufufuko wa Yesu. Baadaye sherehe na pia tarehe zikawa tofauti, ingawa bila kwenda mbali sana. Badiliko kubwa zaidi lilikuwa lile la Wakristo, tangu [[karne ya 1]] au [[karne ya 2|ya 2]], kuadhimisha daima Pasaka siku ya [[Jumapili]] kwa kuwa ndiyo siku ya ufufuko, wakati Wayahudi wanaadhimisha Pasaka kwa kuangalia tarehe, bila kujali ni siku ipi ya [[juma]]. [[Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea]] mwaka [[325]] uliamua kwamba Pasaka isherehekewe Jumapili ya kwanza baada ya mwezi mpevu wa kwanza unaofuata tarehe 21 Machi. Kwa kuwa mwezi mpevu baada ya 21 Machi inaweza kutokea kati ya 22 Machi na 19 Aprili, tarehe ya Pasaka, ambayo ni Jumapili inayofuata, hutokea kati ya [[22 Machi]] na [[25 Aprili]]. Katika Ukristo kuna kalenda mbili zinazotumika, hivyo pia tarehe mbili za Pasaka. [[Kanisa la Magharibi|Kanisa la magharibi]], yaani [[Wakatoliki]] wengi na [[Waprotestanti]], hufuata [[Kalenda ya Gregori|kalenda ilivyorekebishwa]] na [[Papa Gregori XIII]] (ambayo imekuwa kalenda ya kawaida ya kimataifa), lakini [[Waorthodoksi]] wanaendelea kutumia kalenda iliyotangulia, yaani [[Kalenda ya Juliasi]]. Ndiyo maana mara nyingi Pasaka inaadhimishwa katika Jumapili tofauti kati ya pande hizo mbili: tofauti ya kalenda inaleta [[Ukristo wa Mashariki|Kanisa la Mashariki]] kusheherekea Pasaka wakati mwingine hata katika mwezi [[Mei]] wa kalenda ya Gregori, kwa kuwa kwao bado ni Aprili kufuatana na kalenda ya Juliasi. Kwa sasa kuna majadiliano yenye lengo la kukubaliana ili kuadhimisha Pasaka pamoja kama ilivyokusudiwa na Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea. == Majina ya Pasaka katika lugha mbalimbali == Katika [[lugha]] nyingi, asili hii bado inaonekana, ingawa mara nyingi [[umbo]] la [[neno]] ni tofauti kidogo. Jina la sikukuu ya Kiyahudi linapatikana kwa maumbo mbalimbali. Siku hizi mara nyingi umbo la neno la Kiebrania limetumika lakini [[desturi]] katika lugha hizo inaonyesha pia umbo linalofanana zaidi na neno kwa ajili ya sherehe ya Kikristo. {| {{jedwalimaridadi}} |- !Lugha !Jina la Pasaka ya Kiyahudi !Jina la Pasaka ya Kikristo |- | '''[[Kifaransa]]''' | Pessah | Paque; Les Paques |- | '''[[Kihispania]]''' | pascua | pascua |- | '''[[Kiitalia]]''' | Pasqua ebraica; Pesach; Pesah | Pasqua |- | '''[[Kipoland]]''' | Pesach | Wielkanoc; Pascha |- |'''[[Kirusi]]''' | Пасха; Песах (pas-kha; pesakh) | Пасха (pas-kha) |- | '''[[Kigiriki]]''' | Πάσχα (pas-kha) | Πάσχα (pas-kha) |- | '''[[Kidenmark]]''' | Pesach | Påske |- | '''[[Kinorwei]]''' | Pesah | Påske |- | '''[[Kiswidi]]''' | Pesach;Påsk | Påsk |- |'''[[Kiholanzi]]''' |Pesach |Pasen |- | '''[[Kijerumani]]''' | Passah | Ostern |- | '''[[Kiingereza]]''' | Passover | Easter |- |'''[[Kiajemi]]''' | پسح | پاک |- |} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|Easter}} ===Liturujia=== * [http://www.catholicexpert.com/easterprayer.htm 50 Catholic Prayers for Easter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicexpert.com/easterprayer.htm |date=20120331041907 }} * [http://www.liturgies.net/Easter/Easter.htm Liturgical Resources for Easter] * [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=27 Holy Pascha: the Resurrection of Our Lord] (Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]]) ===Desturi=== * [http://www.greekorthodox.org.au/general/livinganorthodoxlife/liturgicalmeaningofholyweek/saturdayoflazarus Liturgical Meaning of Holy Week (Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.greekorthodox.org.au/general/livinganorthodoxlife/liturgicalmeaningofholyweek/saturdayoflazarus |date=20080304151920 }} * [http://www.armenianchurch.net/worship/easter/index.html Easter in the Armenian Orthodox Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.armenianchurch.net/worship/easter/index.html |date=20060129112415 }} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224d.htm Roman Catholic view of Easter] (from the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]) * [http://www.itsasmallworld.co.nz/index.php?page=seasonal-traditions Easter traditions from around the world] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itsasmallworld.co.nz/index.php?page=seasonal-traditions |date=20120418135812 }} * [http://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/believers-consecrate-eater-repast_ti_72_0000000326.html Easter in Belarus: in pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/believers-consecrate-eater-repast_ti_72_0000000326.html |date=20120604212653 }} on the [http://www.belarus.by/en/ official website of the Republic of Belarus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.belarus.by/en/ |date=20180115201716 }} ===Hesabu=== * [http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/eastercalculator.htm A Perpetual Easter and Passover Calculator] Julian and Gregorian Easter for any year plus other info * [http://www.ely.anglican.org/cgi-bin/easter Almanac – The Christian Year] Julian or Gregorian Easter and associated festivals for any year * [http://www.assa.org.au/edm.html Easter Dating Method] {{Wayback|url=http://www.assa.org.au/edm.html |date=20120314142053 }} for calculator * [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/easter-calc/ Dates for Easter 1583 – 9999] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/easter-calc/ |date=20120923041020 }} * [http://www.noeticspace.com/paschalion Orthodox Paschal Calculator] Julian Easter and associated festivals in Gregorian calendar 1583–4099 {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Sikukuu]] [[Jamii:Kalenda]] [[Jamii:Liturujia]] 7rlbjtem2wxo9yovcr3qymklkoid8dn 0 2481 1579001 1434838 2026-07-10T07:29:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|matumizi mengine|Pasaka|Pasaka ya Kiyahudi}} [[image:Resurrection (24).jpg|150px|thumb|<small>[[Picha takatifu]] ya Ufufuko, ikimuonyesha Kristo akiwa amevunja [[mlango|milango]] ya [[kuzimu]] na kutoa [[Adamu]] na [[Eva]] nje ya [[kaburi|makaburi]]. Kristo anazungukwa na [[watakatifu]], huko [[Shetani]], aliyechorwa kama [[mzee]], amefungwa kwa minyororo.</small>]] [[Picha:Mwaka wa kanisa.jpg|300px|thumb|Mwaka wa Kanisa kadiri ya [[kalenda ya liturujia]] ya [[Roma]] kama kielelezo cha kawaida kwa [[Ukristo wa magharibi]].]] '''Pasaka ya Kikristo''' ni [[sikukuu]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] inayoadhimisha [[ufufuko wa Yesu]] [[Masiha|Kristo]] kutoka kwa [[kufa|wafu]], tukio linaloaminika kutokea siku ya tatu baada ya kusulubiwa, kufa na kuzikwa kwake. Ni kilele cha [[siku tatu kuu za Pasaka]] na inachukuliwa kuwa tukio muhimu na la [[furaha]] zaidi katika [[Mwaka wa Kanisa|kalenda ya Kikristo]]. Inasherehekewa siku ya [[Jumapili]] mwanzoni mwa [[majira ya kuchipua]], ikiashiria [[maisha]] mapya, [[tumaini]], na [[ushindi]] dhidi ya [[dhambi]] na [[mauti]]. ==Umuhimu== Inahesabiwa kuwa sikukuu muhimu kabisa katika [[madhehebu]] mengi ya [[Ukristo]], kwa sababu ufufuko huo ndio msingi wa [[imani]] ya Kikristo. [[Mtume Paulo]] aliandika kwamba [[Kristo]] asingefufuka, imani hiyo ingekuwa haina maana, kwa kuwa asingeondolea [[dhambi]] za watu. Pamoja na [[kifo cha Yesu]], ndio [[kiini]] cha [[kanuni ya imani]] ya Wakristo wa kwanza kama alivyoipokea Paulo mwenyewe alipoongoka miaka [[sita]] baada ya matukio hayo. Katika [[Waraka wa kwanza kwa Wakorintho]] aliandika: 15:1 Basi, ndugu zangu, nawaarifu ile injili niliyowahubiri; ambayo ndiyo mliyoipokea, na katika hiyo mnasimama, 2 na kwa hiyo mnaokolewa; ikiwa mnayashika sana maneno niliyowahubiri isipokuwa mliamini bure. 3 Kwa maana naliwatolea ninyi hapo mwanzo yale niliyoyapokea mimi mwenyewe, ya kuwa Kristo alikufa kwa ajili ya dhambi zetu, kama yanenavyo maandiko; 4 na ya kuwa alizikwa; na ya kuwa alifufuka siku ya tatu, kama yanenavyo maandiko; 5 na ya kuwa alimtokea Kefa; tena na wale Thenashara; 6 baadaye aliwatokea ndugu zaidi ya mia tano pamoja; katika hao wengi wanaishi hata sasa, ila baadhi yao wamelala; 7 baadaye akamtokea Yakobo; tena na mitume wote; 8 na mwisho wa watu wote, alinitokea mimi, kama ni mtu aliyezaliwa si kwa wakati wake. 9 Maana mimi ni mdogo katika mitume, nisiyestahili kuitwa mitume, kwa sababu naliliudhi Kanisa la Mungu. 10 Lakini kwa neema ya Mungu nimekuwa hivi nilivyo; na neema yake iliyo kwangu ilikuwa si bure, bali nalizidi sana kufanya kazi kupita wao wote; wala si mimi, bali ni neema ya Mungu pamoja nami. 11 Basi, kama ni mimi, kama ni wale, ndivyo tuhubirivyo, na ndivyo mlivyoamini. 12 Basi, ikiwa Kristo anahubiriwa ya kwamba amefufuka katika wafu, mbona baadhi yenu husema kwamba hakuna kiyama ya wafu? 13 Lakini kama hakuna kiyama ya wafu, Kristo naye hakufufuka; 14 tena kama Kristo hakufufuka, basi, kuhubiri kwetu ni bure na imani yenu ni bure. 15 Naam, na sisi tumeonekana kuwa mashahidi wa uongo wa Mungu; kwa maana tulimshuhudia Mungu ya kuwa alimfufua Kristo, ambaye hakumfufua, ikiwa wafu hawafufuliwi. 16 Maana kama wafu hawafufuliwi, Kristo naye hakufufuka. 17 Na kama Kristo hakufufuka, imani yenu ni bure; mngalimo katika dhambi zenu. 18 Na hapo wao nao waliolala katika Kristo wamepotea. 19Kama katika maisha haya tu tumemtumaini Kristo, sisi tu maskini kuliko watu wote. 20 Lakini sasa Kristo amefufuka katika wafu, limbuko lao waliolala. 21 Maana kwa kuwa mauti ililetwa na mtu, kadhalika na kiyama ya wafu ililetwa na mtu. 22 Kwa kuwa kama katika Adamu wote wanakufa, kadhalika na katika Kristo wote watahuishwa. 23 Lakini kila mmoja mahali pake; limbuko ni Kristo; baadaye walio wake Kristo, atakapokuja. 24 Hapo ndipo mwisho, atakapompa Mungu Baba ufalme wake; atakapobatilisha utawala wote, na mamlaka yote, na nguvu. 25 Maana sharti amiliki yeye, hata awaweke maadui wake wote chini ya miguu yake. 26 Adui wa mwisho atakayebatilishwa ni mauti. 27 Kwa kuwa, Alivitiisha vitu vyote chini ya miguu yake. Lakini atakaposema, Vyote vimetiishwa, ni dhahiri ya kuwa yeye aliyemtiishia vitu vyote hayumo. 28 Basi, vitu vyote vikiisha kutiishwa chini yake, ndipo Mwana mwenyewe naye atatiishwa chini yake yeye aliyemtiishia vitu vyote, ili kwamba Mungu awe yote katika wote. ==Etimolojia== [[Jina]] la "[[Pasaka]]" limetokana na [[sherehe]] ya [[Pasaka ya Kiyahudi]] linaloitwa "פסח" (tamka: pasakh) kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiebrania]]. Kinyume cha [[Kiingereza]], ambacho kina maneno mawili, ''Passover'' na ''Easter'', katika [[Kiswahili]] na lugha nyingine nyingi majina ya sherehe za Kikristo na Kiyahudi hazitofautiani. [[Asili]] yake ni kwamba kusulibiwa na kufufuka kwa [[Yesu]] [[Kristo]] kumetokea wakati wa sikukuu ya Pasaka ya Kiyahudi mnamo [[Aprili]] ya [[mwaka]] [[30]] [[BK]]. Wakristo wa kwanza, ambao wote walikuwa Wayahudi, walisheherekea sikukuu ya Kiyahudi pamoja na kumbukumbu ya [[ufufuko]] wa Yesu. Baadaye sherehe na pia [[tarehe]] zikawa tofauti, ingawa bila kwenda mbali sana. Badiliko kubwa zaidi lilikuwa lile la Wakristo kuadhimisha daima Pasaka siku ya Jumapili kwa kuwa ndiyo siku ya ufufuko, wakati Wayahudi wanadhimisha Pasaka kwa kuangalia tarehe, bila kujali ni siku ipi ya juma. ==Tarehe ya Pasaka== {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="float:right; margin-left:15px;" |- |+style="padding-right: 1.5em;"align=center|'''Tarehe za Pasaka kwa miaka 2000-2040'''<br>''(Tarehe zote zinaonyeshwa kufuatana na kalenda ya Gregori)'' |- |+ Jumapili ya Pasaka <br />kuanzia 2000 hadi 2040 |- class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! '''Mwaka''' !! '''Ukristo wa Magharibi <br>([[Kalenda ya Gregori]])'''!! '''Ukristo wa Mashariki <br>([[Kalenda ya Juliasi]])''' |- ! 2000 | [[23 Aprili]] || [[30 Aprili]] |- ! 2001 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[15 Aprili]] |- ! 2002 | [[31 Machi]] || [[5 Mei]] |- ! 2003 | [[20 Aprili]] || [[27 Aprili]] |- ! 2004 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[11 Aprili]] |- ! 2005 | [[27 Machi]] || [[1 Mei]] |- ! 2006 | [[16 Aprili]] || [[23 Aprili]] |- ! 2007 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[8 Aprili]] |- ! 2008 | [[23 Machi]] || [[27 Aprili]] |- ! 2009 | [[12 Aprili]] || [[19 Aprili]] |- ! 2010 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[4 Aprili]] |- ! 2011 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[24 Aprili]] |- ! 2012 | [[8 Aprili]] || [[15 Aprili]] |- ! 2013 | [[31 Machi]] || [[5 Mei]] |- ! 2014 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[20 Aprili]] |- ! 2015 | [[5 Aprili]] || [[12 Aprili]] |- ! 2016 | [[27 Machi]] || [[1 Mei]] |- |- ! 2017 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[16 Aprili]] |-class="hintergrundfarbe3" ! 2018 | [[1 Aprili]] || [[8 Aprili]] |- ! 2019 | [[21 Aprili]] || [[28 Aprili]] |- ! 2020 | [[12 Aprili]] || [[19 Aprili]] |- ! 2021 | [[4 Aprili]] || [[2 Mei]] |- ! 2022 | [[17 Aprili]] || [[24 Aprili]] |- ! 2023 | [[9 Aprili]] || [[16 Aprili]] |- ! 2024 | [[31 Machi]] || [[5 Mei]] |- ! 2025 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[20 Aprili]] |- ! 2026 | [[5 Aprili]] || [[12 Aprili]] |- ! 2027 | [[28 Machi]] || [[2 Mei]] |- ! 2028 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[16 Aprili]] |- ! 2029 | [[1 Aprili]] || [[8 Aprili]] |- ! 2030 | [[21 Aprili]] || [[28 Aprili]] |- ! 2031 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[13 Aprili]] |- ! 2032 | [[28 Machi]]|| [[2 Mei]] |- ! 2033 | [[17 Aprili]]|| [[24 Aprili]] |- ! 2034 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[9 Aprili]] |- ! 2035 | [[25 Machi]]|| [[29 Aprili]] |- ! 2036 | [[13 Aprili]]|| [[20 Aprili]] |- ! 2037 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[5 Aprili]] |- ! 2038 | colspan="2" align="center" | [[25 Aprili]] |- ! 2039 | [[10 Aprili]]|| [[17 Aprili]] |- ! 2040 | [[1 Aprili]]|| [[6 Mei]] |}</small> {{Mwaka wa liturujia}} Katika [[kalenda]] ya kawaida [[tarehe]] ya Pasaka inabadilika kila [[mwaka]], ila inapatikana katika [[Machi]] au [[Aprili]] tu, kwa sababu upande mmoja inafuata kuonekana kwa [[mwezi]] [[anga|angani]], lakini imefungwa pia kwa [[sikusare]] (au ekwinoksi, yaani siku ya usawa wa [[mchana]] na [[usiku]]), kwa hiyo haizunguki mwaka mzima kama tarehe za sherehe za [[Uislamu]]. Pasaka ya Kiyahudi inafuata kalenda yao maalumu: ni tarehe 15 Nisan ambayo ni siku baada ya [[mwezi mpevu]] wa kwanza unaofuata sikusare ya [[Majira ya machipuko]] katika [[nusutufe ya kaskazini]] ya [[Dunia]] (mnamo 21 Machi). Wakristo wa kwanza, ambao wote walikuwa Wayahudi, walisherehekea sikukuu ya Kiyahudi pamoja na kumbukumbu ya ufufuko wa Yesu. Baadaye sherehe na pia tarehe zikawa tofauti, ingawa bila kwenda mbali sana. Badiliko kubwa zaidi lilikuwa lile la Wakristo, tangu [[karne ya 1]] au [[karne ya 2|ya 2]], kuadhimisha daima Pasaka siku ya [[Jumapili]] kwa kuwa ndiyo siku ya ufufuko, wakati Wayahudi wanaadhimisha Pasaka kwa kuangalia tarehe, bila kujali ni siku ipi ya [[juma]]. [[Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea]] mwaka [[325]] uliamua kwamba Pasaka isherehekewe Jumapili ya kwanza baada ya mwezi mpevu wa kwanza unaofuata tarehe 21 Machi. Kwa kuwa mwezi mpevu baada ya 21 Machi inaweza kutokea kati ya 22 Machi na 19 Aprili, tarehe ya Pasaka, ambayo ni Jumapili inayofuata, hutokea kati ya [[22 Machi]] na [[25 Aprili]]. Katika Ukristo kuna kalenda mbili zinazotumika, hivyo pia tarehe mbili za Pasaka. [[Kanisa la Magharibi|Kanisa la magharibi]], yaani [[Wakatoliki]] wengi na [[Waprotestanti]], hufuata [[Kalenda ya Gregori|kalenda ilivyorekebishwa]] na [[Papa Gregori XIII]] (ambayo imekuwa kalenda ya kawaida ya kimataifa), lakini [[Waorthodoksi]] wanaendelea kutumia kalenda iliyotangulia, yaani [[Kalenda ya Juliasi]]. Ndiyo maana mara nyingi Pasaka inaadhimishwa katika Jumapili tofauti kati ya pande hizo mbili: tofauti ya kalenda inaleta [[Ukristo wa Mashariki|Kanisa la Mashariki]] kusheherekea Pasaka wakati mwingine hata katika mwezi [[Mei]] wa kalenda ya Gregori, kwa kuwa kwao bado ni Aprili kufuatana na kalenda ya Juliasi. Kwa sasa kuna majadiliano yenye lengo la kukubaliana ili kuadhimisha Pasaka pamoja kama ilivyokusudiwa na Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Nisea. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 34-35 == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Easter}} {{Wikisource|Category:Easter}} ; Liturujia * [http://www.catholicexpert.com/easterprayer.htm 50 Catholic Prayers for Easter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicexpert.com/easterprayer.htm |date=20120331041907 }} * [http://www.liturgies.net/Easter/Easter.htm Liturgical Resources for Easter] * [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=27 Holy Pascha: The Resurrection of Our Lord] (Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]]) ; Mapokeo * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080304151920/http://www.greekorthodox.org.au/general/livinganorthodoxlife/liturgicalmeaningofholyweek/saturdayoflazarus Liturgical Meaning of Holy Week (Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia)] * [http://www.armenianchurch.net/worship/easter/index.html Easter in the Armenian Orthodox Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.armenianchurch.net/worship/easter/index.html |date=20060129112415 }} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05224d.htm Roman Catholic View of Easter] (from the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'') * [http://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/believers-consecrate-eater-repast_ti_72_0000000326.html Easter in Belarus: In Pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/believers-consecrate-eater-repast_ti_72_0000000326.html |date=20120604212653 }} on the [http://www.belarus.by/en/ official website of the Republic of Belarus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.belarus.by/en/ |date=20180115201716 }} * [http://culture.pl/en/article/polish-easter-traditions Polish Easter Traditions] ; Hesabu * [http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/easter/eastercalculator.htm A Perpetual Easter and Passover Calculator] Julian and Gregorian Easter for any year plus other info * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031202162538/http://www.ely.anglican.org/cgi-bin/easter Almanac—The Christian Year] Julian or Gregorian Easter and associated festivals for any year * [http://www.assa.org.au/edm.html Easter Dating Method] {{Wayback|url=http://www.assa.org.au/edm.html |date=20120314142053 }} for calculator * [http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/easter.php Dates for Easter 1583–9999] {{Wayback|url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/easter.php |date=20071014191355 }} * [http://www.noeticspace.com/paschalion Orthodox Paschal Calculator] Julian Easter and associated festivals in Gregorian calendar 1583–4099 {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Category:Ukristo]] [[Category:Kalenda]] [[Category:Sikukuu za Ukristo]] eeahmykk06alzaui3g6rpzpy94gqqgf 0 7781 1579021 1502847 2026-07-10T10:11:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kiujamaa ya Sri Lanka | jina_asili = ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය<br>இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு | bendera = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg | nembo = Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg | wimbo_wa_taifa = "[[Sri Lanka Matha]]"<br />ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා<br />தாயே இலங்கை<br />("Mama Sri Lanka") {{center|[[File:Sri Lankan national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}} | mji_mkuu = [[Sri Jayawardenapura]] | mji_mkubwa = [[Colombo]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kisinhala]], [[Kitamil]] | lugha2 = [[Kiingereza]] | mwaka_dini = 2024 | dini = {{Plainlist| * 69.8% [[Ubuddha]] * 12.6% [[Uhindu]] * 10.7% [[Uislamu]] * 6.9% [[Ukristo]] * 0.1% Nyingine / hakuna }} | uraia = Msrilanka | serikali = Jamhuri ya nusu-urais ya umoja | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | kiongozi1 = [[Anura Kumara Dissanayake]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | kiongozi2 = [[Harini Amarasuriya]] | bunge = [[Bunge la Sri Lanka]] | muundo_uhuru = Uundaji | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Sinhala waanzishwa | tukio1_tarehe = 543 KK | tukio2 = Kipindi cha Anuradhapura | tukio2_tarehe = 377 KK – 1017 BK | eneo_jumla = 67,240 | maji = 4.4% | watu_kadirio = 23,300,000 | mwaka_kadirio = 2026 | msongamano = 337.7 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2024 | plt_ppp = $342.6 bilioni | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $15,632 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $108.8 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $5,003 | hdi = 0.776 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = | gini = 39.8 | mwaka_gini = 2023 | fedha = [[Rupia ya Sri Lanka]] (Rs) | majira_saa = +5:30 | tld = [[.lk]] [[.ලංකා]] [[.இலங்கை]] | msimbo_simu = +94 }} '''Sri Lanka''' (pia '''Sirilanka''', kwa [[Kisinhala]] Śrī Laṃkāva, kwa [[Kitamil]] Ilaṅkai; hadi mwaka [[1972]]: '''Ceylon''') ni [[nchi ya kisiwani]] katika [[Asia ya Kusini]]. Iko karibu na ncha ya [[kusini]] ya [[rasi]] ya [[Uhindi]] katika [[Bahari Hindi]]. Nchi imekaliwa na watu walau kuanzia miaka ya [[125,000 KK]] na ilizidi kupata umuhimu kutokana na mahali ilipo. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Sri Jayawardenapura]]. == Historia == [[Historia ya Sri Lanka]] inaenea kwa maelfu ya miaka, ikiwa na ushahidi wa makazi ya awali ya binadamu tangu nyakati za kabla ya historia. Historia iliyoandikwa ya kisiwa hiki inaanza na kuanzishwa kwa falme za Kihindi-Arya karibu na [[karne ya 5 KK]], hasa Ufalme wa Anuradhapura. [[Ustaarabu ]] huu wa awali uliendeleza mifumo ya kisasa ya umwagiliaji, [[kilimo]], na miji. [[Ubuddha]] uliwasili katika [[karne ya 3 KK]] na kuwa sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Sri Lanka, ukiathiri sanaa, usanifu, na utawala. Falme zilizofuata kama Polonnaruwa ziliendeleza urithi huu, ingawa kisiwa hicho kilikumbwa mara kwa mara na uvamizi kutoka India Kusini. Kuanzia [[karne ya 16]], Sri Lanka iliingia chini ya [[ukoloni|shawishi wa Ulaya, kuanzia na Wareno, kisha Waholanzi, na hatimaye Waingereza]]. Waingereza waliunganisha kisiwa hicho chini ya utawala mmoja mwaka 1815, wakianzisha kilimo cha mashamba makubwa kilicholenga chai, mpira, na nazi, ambazo zilikuwa bidhaa kuu za kuuza nje. Utawala wa kikoloni pia ulileta mabadiliko makubwa ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikiwemo maendeleo ya miundombinu na kuanzishwa kwa Kiingereza kama lugha ya utawala. Sri Lanka ilipata uhuru kwa njia ya amani mwaka 1948, na kuwa taifa huru ndani ya Jumuiya ya Madola. Katika miongo iliyofuata baada ya uhuru, Sri Lanka ilikumbwa na mvutano wa kisiasa na kikabila, hasa kati ya Wasinhala walio wengi na Watamil walio wachache. Migogoro hii iligeuka kuwa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vilivyodumu kuanzia 1983 hadi 2009, vikisababisha vifo vingi na kudhoofisha uchumi. Tangu kumalizika kwa vita hivyo, nchi imejikita katika ujenzi upya, maendeleo ya kiuchumi, na juhudi za maridhiano. Leo, Sri Lanka inaendelea kusawazisha urithi wake tajiri wa kitamaduni na changamoto za kisasa za kisiasa na kiuchumi. == Mikoa == Sri Lanka ina [[mikoa]] 9: * [[Sri Lanka Kati]] * [[Sri Lanka Kaskazini Kati]] * [[Sri Lanka Kaskazini]] * [[Sri Lanka Mashariki]] * [[Sri Lanka Kaskazini Magharibi]] * [[Sabaragamuwa]] * [[Sri Lanka Kusini]] * [[Uva]] * [[Sri Lanka Magharibi]] Mikoa hiyo imegawanyika katika [[wilaya]] 25. [[Picha:Hindutempelcolombo.JPG|left|thumbnail|150px|[[Hekalu]] la Kihindu [[Mji|mjini]] [[Colombo]].]] ==Watu== Idadi ya wakazi ni takriban [[milioni]] 22 (2020). Walio wengi (74.9%) ni [[Wasinhala]] ambao kwa kawaida ni wafuasi wa [[Ubuddha]] wa [[madhehebu]] ya [[Theravada]] (70.2%). Takriban 11.2% ni [[Watamili]] ambao wengi wao ni [[Uhindu|Wahindu]] (12.6%) na wanaishi hasa [[kaskazini]] mwa kisiwa. Lugha zao, Kisnhala na Kitamil ni [[lugha rasmi]]. Pia [[Kiingereza]] kinatambulika. Kuna [[Wamori]] [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] (9.7%, hasa [[Wasuni]]) ambao wengi wao wanajiona ma[[chotara]] wa Kiarabu. Pia kuna [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] (7.4%, hasa [[Wakatoliki]] 5.8%, halafu [[Waanglikana]] na [[Waprotestanti]] wengine) ambao vilevile baadhi yao ni machotara wa [[Wazungu|Kizungu]] (hasa wa [[Ureno|Kireno]] na wa [[Uholanzi|Kiholanzi]]). Karibu wananchi wote wanajali sana [[dini]] katika [[maisha]] yao. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} ;Serikali * [http://www.gov.lk/ Official Sri Lankan Government Web Portal], lango la tovuti za serikali * [http://www.parliament.lk/ Official Web Portal] lango la tovuti za bunge * [http://www.priu.gov.lk/ Official Government News Portal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/ |date=20150810070644 }} * [http://www.president.gov.lk/ Official Web Portal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.president.gov.lk/ |date=20110725214707 }} lango la tovuti za rais * [http://www.supremecourt.lk/ Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.supremecourt.lk/ |date=20190810153706 }} tovuti ya mahakama kuu ;Taarifa za jumla * {{CIA World Factbook link|ce|Sri Lanka}} * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/ Official site] of the Department of Census and Statistics. * [http://www.treasury.gov.lk/reports/annualreport/AnnualReport2010-eng.pdf Annual Report 2010] {{Wayback|url=http://www.treasury.gov.lk/reports/annualreport/AnnualReport2010-eng.pdf |date=20111201012336 }} from the Ministry of Finance and Planning. * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/srilanka.htm Sri Lanka] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/srilanka.htm |date=20120829212335 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. * {{Dmoz|Regional/Asia/Sri_Lanka}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11999611 Sri Lanka profile] from the [[BBC News]]. * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/561906/Sri-Lanka Sri Lanka] in the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. * [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/sri-lanka Introducing Sri Lanka] Overview of the country from [[Lonely Planet]]. * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=LK Key Development Forecasts for Sri Lanka] from [[International Futures]]. ;Historia * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/chapters.html Mahavamsa] an ancient Sri Lankan chronicle written in the 6th century. * [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13325/13325-h/13325-h.htm Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon] by Sir [[James Emerson Tennent]], 1861. ;Ramani * {{Wikiatlas|Sri Lanka}} * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=sri+lanka Sri Lanka Map] katika [[Google Maps]]. ;Biashara *[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/LKA/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Sri Lanka] {{asia}} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Sri Lanka| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] k2a4626vf48ucaet2f8eqgv1sg5oscv 0 16260 1578963 1502296 2026-07-09T14:19:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pietro Perugino 040.jpg|thumb|upright|Jinsi [[Pietro Perugino]] alivyochora [[Mateso ya Yesu msalabani]] kwa mtindo wa ''[[Stabat Mater]]'', yaani akiwa na [[Bikira Maria]] na [[Mtume Yohane]] chini yake ([[1482]]). [[Kifo]] na [[ufufuko]] wa [[Yesu]] ndiyo kilele cha historia ya wokovu kwa [[imani]] ya [[Ukristo]].]] '''Historia ya Wokovu''' ni [[jina]] linalotumiwa na [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] kumaanisha [[ufafanuzi]] wa mpango wa [[kazi]] ya [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] kwa ajili ya [[wokovu]] wa [[binadamu]] kadiri ya [[Biblia ya Kikristo]]. ==Maana ya historia== [[Historia]] ni mfululizo wa habari za mambo yaliyotokea pamoja na sababu zake. Binadamu anaziandika ili kuelewa [[maisha]] yake, yaani [[Upatanisho wa imani na sayansi|ametokea wapi]], amepata mafanikio gani na matatizo gani. Historia inatufundisha kuishi: [[kumbukumbu]] za mambo ya zamani ([[vita]], [[uhuru]], [[viongozi]] na mengineyo) zinatuwezesha kuendelea vizuri zaidi. Lakini ni muhimu zaidi kujua mambo makuu aliyoyatenda Mungu ili kutuokoa. [[Dini]] ya [[Uyahudi]] na ya Ukristo ni dini zinazotegemea historia kuliko [[maumbile]]: Mungu hatazamwi kama [[Muumba]] tu, bali zaidi kama [[Mwokozi]]. ==Maana ya wokovu== Wokovu ni kazi ya Mungu kwa ajili yetu ([[1Tim]] 2:4; [[2Tim]] 1:9-10). Sisi hatuwezi kujikomboa, lakini Mungu ana nguvu kuliko [[shetani]] na mabaya yote, naye anatuhurumia sisi maskini ([[Kol]] 1:13-14). Alifanya nini ili kutuokoa? Ndiyo historia ya wokovu. Wapo walioiandika katika Biblia ili tusadiki na kuishi upya ([[1Pet]] 1:10-12). Humo mtu hatazamwi kama [[nafsi]] ya peke yake tu, bali zaidi kama mtu wa [[taifa]] lake; hivyo Mungu anatangazwa kuwa hashughulikii wokovu wa mtu binafsi tu, bali wa mataifa mazima pia, kuanzia lile la [[Israeli]]. Aliyowatendea wao ni hasa kuwatoa utumwani [[Misri]], kuwapa [[agano]] na masharti yake li awafanye [[taifa huru]] katika nchi bora. Waisraeli walijenga [[imani]] yao juu ya hayo mang’amuzi ya msingi ya wokovu kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu, halafu wakajikumbusha kwamba alikuwa ameshawaahidia mababu wao [[baraka]] kama hizo. Hatimaye tu walitafakari juu ya asili ya watu na ya [[ulimwengu]], wakaelewa kuwa Mungu aliweza kuwaokoa kwa sababu ndiye aliyeumba vyote: hakuna wa kushindana naye na wa kuzuia mpango wake kwa ajili ya watu. Kwa Wakristo tukio kuu lililo msingi wa imani ni [[ufufuko wa Yesu]], aliyetoka [[kaburi]]ni mzima na mtukufu, wa kwanza kati ya [[umati]], akaingia katika nchi ya walio hai kweli. ==Imani kuhusu Biblia== [[Picha:Gutenberg Bible.jpg|thumb|175px|Biblia iliyochapwa na [[Johannes Gutenberg]] mwaka [[1455]] hivi. Ndiyo ya kwanza kutonakiliwa kwa [[mkono]].]] Wakristo wanasadiki Biblia imeandikwa kwa [[uvuvio]] wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] ([[2Pet]] 1.20-21; [[2Tim]] 3:16): ndiyo sababu wanaiheshimu sana. Lakini habari zake hazifuati mpangilio wa [[tarehe]]. Wapo wataalamu waliozipanga kwa utaratibu huo unaotupendeza zaidi siku hizi: wamejitahidi kuelewa tarehe ya matukio na ya maandiko yote ili kuyapanga moja baada ya lingine kuanzia ya zamani za kale hadi maisha ya [[Yesu]] na ya [[Mitume wa Yesu|Mitume]] wake. Lakini tukumbuke daima kwamba lengo la Biblia si kueleza [[sayansi]], [[jiografia]] wala historia, bali ni kufundisha kwa ukweli njia ya wokovu. Taarifa nyingine zinategemea ujuzi wa mtu aliyeandika na mtindo alioutumia: [[sheria]], [[taratibu za ibada]], [[nasaba]], ufafanuzi wa majina, maneno matakatifu ya mahali fulani, [[baraka]], [[hadithi]], [[simulizi]], historia halisi n.k. Sehemu kuu mbili za Biblia ni [[Agano la Kale]] na [[Agano Jipya]] ([[2Kor]] 3:10; [[Eb]] 8:13). La Kale limeandikwa kabla ya Yesu, Jipya baada yake. Hata hivyo Agano la Kale lina utabiri mwingi juu ya Yesu ([[Lk]] 24:27,44), na Agano Jipya linarudia na kufafanua habari nyingi za kale: hivyo tunatakiwa kusoma daima Agano la Kale kwa mwanga wa Agano Jipya, na kutafuta katika habari za kale mifano inayotusaidia kuelewa mambo ya Yesu na [[Kanisa]] ([[1Kor]] 10:11; [[Kol]] 2:17). Kwa kuwa [[ufunuo]] wa Mungu ulifanyika hatua kwa hatua hata ukakamilishwa na Yesu ([[Eb]] 1:1-2), hatuwezi kutegemea dondoo moja tu kuhusu jambo fulani, bali tuzingatie jambo hilo lilivyoozungumziwa tangu mwanzo hadi mwisho wa ufunuo. Tunahitaji kujua Biblia nzima ili kuelewa jinsi Mungu alivyo, alivyotuokoa na anavyotaka tuishi. Vitabu vya Biblia ni 73: yaani 46 katika Agano la Kale na 27 katika Agano Jipya. Ndivyo vilivyokubaliwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kuwa ni [[Neno la Mungu]]. [[Waprotestanti]] wengi wanakataa vitabu 7 vya Agano la Kale (pamoja na sehemu chache za vingine): hivyo Biblia yao inavyo 66 tu. Mgawanyo wa vitabu hivyo si muhimu, mradi tusiongeze wala kupunguza neno. Kwa kawaida vinapangwa kwa kuzingatia vinaleta habari za namna gani. Hivyo katika Agano la Kale yanatofautishwa makundi manne: [[Torati]] (yaani sheria), vitabu vya historia ya [[Israeli]], vitabu vya [[manabii]] (waliotumwa na Mungu ili kuwaonya na kuwafariji Waisraeli), na vitabu vya hekima (vyenye nyimbo, mashairi, mithali n.k.). Katika Agano Jipya tuna vitabu 5 vya historia (yaani [[Injili]] 4 na [[Matendo ya Mitume]]), barua 21 za Mitume na kitabu kimoja tu cha kinabii ([[Ufunuo]]). Lugha asili ziko tatu, yaani Biblia imeandikwa sehemusehemu kwa [[Kiebrania|Kiyahudi]], [[Kiaramu]] (ndiyo lugha ya Yesu), na [[Kiyunani]] (yaani [[Kigiriki]] cha zamani). Ila Agano Jipya lote limeandikwa kwa Kiyunani ambacho zamani za Yesu kilikuwa lugha ya kimataifa. Kutoka lugha hizo wataalamu wanaendelea kutafsiri Biblia katika lugha yoyote ili Neno la Mungu liwaelee watu wote. Kati ya tafsiri zote, mbili za zamani zina sifa za pekee, yaani tafsiri ya LXX (kwa Kigiriki "[[Septuaginta]]", yaani sabini: ni Agano Kale kwa lugha ya Kiyunani), na ya [[Vulgata]] (Biblia nzima kwa [[Kilatini]]). Maelezo ya Kanisa yanahitajika kwa sababu: kwanza mwenyewe sielewi maandiko hayo yameandikwa na nani, lini, wapi, kwa lengo lipi na katika mazingira ya namna gani. Hasa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] hakunipa Biblia peke yangu, bali ndani ya taifa lote la Mungu. Hivyo sina haki ya kuifafanua ninavyotaka. Wasio na elimu na msimamo wanapotosha Biblia na kupotea ([[2Pet]] 3:16). ==Agano la Kale== {{Biblia AK}} ===Vitabu vitano vya Torati=== [[File:Köln-Tora-und-Innenansicht-Synagoge-Glockengasse-040.JPG|thumb|left|Kitabu cha Torati katika [[Sinagogi]] la [[Cologne]], [[Ujerumani]].]] Vitabu vya kwanza vya Biblia ([[Mwanzo]], [[Kitabu cha Kutoka|Kutoka]], [[Mambo ya Walawi]], [[Hesabu]] na [[Kumbukumbu la Torati]]) vinaunda kwa pamoja Torati (kwa Kiyahudi “fundisho”, yaani “sheria”). Mgawanyo wa kawaida wa Kiyahudi wa vitabu vya Biblia katika makundi matatu (Torati, Manabii na Maandishi) unaonyesha jinsi vitabu vitano vya kwanza vinavyotazamwa kuwa kitu kimoja, tena kiini cha Agano la Kale lote. Ajabu la Torati ni jinsi inavyounganisha mambo mbalimbali: ibada kwa Mungu pekee, ahadi zake, matakwa yake, uasi wa binadamu na [[ukombozi]] wa Kimungu, wito wa kujali mwanzo wa taifa la Mungu. Humo tunakuta muhtasari wa historia kuanzia [[uumbaji]] wa ulimwengu hadi kifo cha [[Musa]]: historia ya asili ([[Mwa]] 1-11), kipindi cha [[mababu]] (Mwa 12-36), simulizi la [[Yosefu (babu)|Yosefu]] (Mwa 37-50), ukombozi toka [[Misri]] na safari kwenye [[Sinai]] ([[Kut]] 1-18), toleo la sheria mlimani huko (Kut 19 – [[Hes]] 10), safari hadi mabonde ya [[Moabu]] (Hes 10-36) na nyongeza ([[Kumb]] 1-34). Zamani Musa alidhaniwa kuwa mwandishi wa vitabu hivyo vyote. Siku hizi wataalamu wamethibitisha kuwa ndiye asili ya kiini cha sheria za [[Israeli]], lakini vitabu hivyo viliandikwa katika kipindi kirefu hadi mwaka 400 hivi K.K. Ndiyo sababu katika sheria za vitabu hivyo yanaonekana mabadiliko mbalimbali yaliyofanyika karne hadi karne, k.mf. kuhusu [[Pasaka]] na umoja wa [[hekalu]]. Waliohusika na uandishi ni watu wengi wa Israeli Kaskazini na Kusini. Hasa yameainishwa mapokeo manne tofauti: J (yaliyoandikwa katika [[karne X K.K.]] kwa kumuita Mungu [[YHWH]]), E (ya [[karne IX K.K.]] yanayomuita Elohim), D (yanayotawala Kumbukumbu ya Torati: ni ya [[karne VII K.K.]]) na P (yaani ya kikuhani kwa kuwa yanajali sana [[ibada]]: ni ya [[karne VI K.K.]]). Hayo ya mwisho yalitumika kama fremu ya mapokeo hayo yote ili kuunganisha Torati nzima katika [[karne V K.K.]] Hivyo Torati inatunza matukio ya msingi na imani ya taifa la Israeli jinsi ilivyozidi kukomaa baada ya Musa. ===Uumbaji=== [[File:Tissot The Creation.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''Uumbaji'' ([[1896]]–[[1902]]), [[mchoro]] wa [[James Tissot]].]] [[Uumbaji]] unasimuliwa katika sura mbili za kwanza za Mwanzo. Kama vile sehemu mbalimbali za Biblia, kitabu hicho kilitungwa kwa kushona pamoja maandishi tofauti. Ndiyo sababu tunakuta masimulizi mawili juu ya Mungu kuumba ulimwengu na watu. La kwanza (1:1-2:4a) linamchora Mungu akifanya kazi kama binadamu kwa siku sita halafu kustarehe. Aliumba kila kitu kwa Neno lake ([[Eb]] 11:3; ndiye Mwanae pekee: [[Yoh]] 1:1-18). Wengine wanaona humo hata kidokezo cha kwanza cha Roho Mtakatifu, aliye upendo wa Mungu, katika upepo uliovuma juu ya wingi wa maji. Mungu aliona kila alichokiumba ni chema tu, lakini alipoumba mtu katika [[jinsia]] mbili akaona ni mwema sana, ni bora kuliko vingine, akamweka kuvitawala kwa niaba yake. Mwanamume na mwanamke wana hadhi sawa kwa kuwa wote wawili ni sura na mfano wake, si upande wa [[mwili]], bali hasa kwa [[roho]] yenye uwezo wa kuelewa na kupenda kwa [[hiari]]. Muumba anataka watu washirikiane na kusaidiana, kilele cha uhusiano wowote kati yao ni [[ndoa]] inayowafanya kuwa mwili mmoja kama Kristo na Kanisa ([[Ef]] 5:31-32). Simulizi linalofuata ([[Mwa]] 2:2b-25) ni la zamani zaidi, nalo pia lina mafundisho makuu juu ya Mungu na mtu, hasa kwamba huyo ndiye kiumbe bora anayeweza kushirikiana na Mungu tofauti na vingine. Hali yake asili ilikuwa ya kupendeza kabisa kwa [[usafi wa moyo]] na uhai usio na mwisho, naye alitakiwa akubali kazi za Mungu na kufuata maneno yake, bila ya kujiamulia nini jema, nini baya. ===[[Dhambi ya asili]]=== [[Picha:Forbidden fruit.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Michelangelo]] alivyochora katika kuta za [[Cappella Sistina]] huko [[Vatikano]] [[dhambi]] ya [[Adamu]] na [[Eva]] na [[adhabu]] iliyofuata ya kufukuzwa bustanini.]] Mwa 3 inasimulia [[dhambi]] iliyo asili ya dhambi zote ([[Rom]] 5:12). Kwa njia hiyo tunaambiwa hali yetu mbaya haitokani na Mungu, bali na uasi wetu na wa wazee wetu ([[Hek]] 2:23-24). Pia tunafundishwa kukataa toka mwanzo vishawishi vyetu tukiamini maagizo yote ya Mungu yametolewa kwa upendo mkuu. [[Shetani]] ndiye aliyeanzisha [[kishawishi]]. [[Eva]] alipaswa asimsikilize. Kosa lake la kwanza ni kumjibu: hivyo shetani akamdanganya kwamba, eti Mungu ana [[kijicho]], hataki watu walingane naye, ndiyo sababu aliwakataza ([[Yoh]] 8:44). Tukianza kuzingatia kishawishi tunakubali shaka juu ya wema wa Mungu kwetu katika kutuelekeza. Kwa namna hiyo walianguka watu wa kwanza waliokuwa watakatifu; kwa urahisi zaidi tutaanguka sisi wenye [[tabia mbaya]] kutokana na dhambi hiyo na nyingine nyingi. Hata baada ya dhambi Mungu anamtafuta mtu kwa [[upendo]], ila huyo kwa [[aibu]] anamkimbia, au akijisikia analaumiwa na [[dhamiri]], basi anatafuta visingizio hata kumlaumu Mungu kana kwamba ndiye aliyesababisha. Kwa [[utakatifu]] wake Mungu hawezi kuvumilia maovu, na kwa [[haki]] yake anataka makosa yalipwe. Ndiyo sababu tunakuta matatizo maishani, kama vile [[uchungu wa uzazi]], kuhusiana kwa mabavu, kupata riziki kwa shida, na hasa kufa: hayo yote ni [[matokeo ya dhambi]]. Pamoja na hayo Mungu hapendi mtu yeyote apotee (2Pet 3:9), hivyo toka mwanzo aliahidi kwamba mzawa wa Eva atamponda kichwa shetani. Ndiyo habari njema ya awali kuhusu wokovu ujao. ===Watu walivyoishi baada ya dhambi=== [[File:Cain and Abel, 15th century.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Kaini na Abeli'', [[mchoro]] wa [[karne ya 15]] kutoka [[kitabu]] cha [[Ujerumani]] ''Speculum Humanae Salvationis''.]] Baada ya [[dhambi ya asili]] watu walianza kuzaa. Mwa 4:1-16 inatuchorea picha ya [[Kaini]] na [[Abeli]] kama wazaliwa wa kwanza waliotofautiana kiadili ([[1Yoh]] 3:11-12). Toka mwanzo mwovu na mwadilifu waliishi pamoja, wa kwanza akimdhulumu wa pili hata kumuua bila ya kujali [[udugu]]. Ikisikitishwa kufikiria mzaliwa wa kwanza kuwa muuaji wa mdogo wake, inafurahisha kwamba wa kwanza kufa alikuwa mwema, kielelezo cha Yesu aliyeuawa bila ya kosa (Eb 12:24). Toka mwanzo hao walimuabudu Mungu kwa njia ya [[dini]], [[ibada]] na [[sadaka]] mbalimbali. Hata hivyo Mungu akakubali zile tu zilizotolewa kwa [[ukarimu]] (Eb 11:4). Tangu hapo Biblia inatuonyesha jinsi alivyopendelea wadogo kuliko wakubwa. Kuhusu Kaini tunaonyeshwa [[ustawi wa dhambi]] ndani mwake na uongozi wa Mungu aliyemtaka ashinde dhambi bado mlangoni. Hata baada ya dhambi hiyo ambayo ni kubwa kiasi cha kumlilia Mungu alipe [[kisasi]], yeye alizidi kumhifadhi Kaini. Baadaye (Mwa 4:17-24) kukawa na [[maendeleo]] ya aina mbalimbali: [[ujenzi]], [[ufundi]], [[muziki]], lakini hasa dhambi. Picha yake ni [[Lameki]], mtu wa kwanza kuwa na [[mitara]], mkatili kama nini. Ingawa hali ilikuwa ya kukatisha tamaa, kwa [[baraka]] ya Mungu watu wakazidi kuzaa na kati ya watoto wao wakapatikana [[waadilifu]] kama [[Henoko]] aliyestahili kutwaliwa na Mungu. Hata hivyo ongezeko la dhambi likasababisha maisha ya binadamu yafupike (Mwa 6:3) kwa kuwa ni kusogea mbali na Mungu, chemchemi ya uhai. ===Nuhu=== [[Image:NoahsSacrifice.JPG|thumb|left|250px|''Sadaka ya Nuhu'' ilivyochorwa na [[Daniel Maclise]].]] Mwa 6:5-9:17 inatufundisha kwamba Mungu anachukizwa na dhambi, hivyo anataka kuondoa maovu duniani ili nchi impendeze kama alivyokusudia alipoiumba. Kwa ajili hiyo zamani za [[Nuhu]] alileta maji yafunike dunia na kuzamisha waovu. Lakini alisalimisha waadilifu katika [[safina]] kubwa ya kutosha, halafu akafunga nao [[agano]] thabiti (Eb 11:7). Hasa maji yanayokusudiwa kutakasa dunia yote ni yale ya [[ubatizo]] (1Pet 3:17-22), na safina ambayo iokoe watu ni Kanisa, ambalo ni la lazima kwa wokovu kama vile ubatizo unaotuingiza ndani yake. Uso wa nchi ulipokwishatakaswa na maji [[njiwa]] akarukaruka akachuma tawi la [[mzeituni]] unaozaa matunda ya kutengenezea [[mafuta]]. Njiwa akaonekana tena juu ya maji siku ya [[ubatizo wa Yesu]] ambapo alipakwa Roho Mtakatifu na kuyatia maji nguvu ya kutakasa watu ([[Mk]] 1:9-11; [[Tito]] 3:3-7). Maji na mafuta ndiyo mwanzo mpya kwa binadamu. Mara alipotoka safinani Nuhu alimtolea Mungu sadaka iliyompendeza hata akaahidi hataangamiza tena binadamu kila anapostahili. Sadaka hiyo ni mfano wa ile ya Yesu msalabani, inayoadhimishwa katika [[ekaristi]], ikituondolea [[adhabu]] nyingi na kutuletea [[huruma]] ya Mungu, yaani nafasi na neema ya kutubu (Tito 2:11-14). Hatimaye kutakuwa na [[hukumu]] ([[Math]] 24:37-41). ===[[Mnara wa Babeli]]=== [[Picha:Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Tower of Babel (Vienna) - Google Art Project - edited.jpg|thumb|350px|Mnara wa Babeli ulichorwa mara nyingi na wasanii kama katika picha hii ya [[Pieter Brueghel Mzee]].]] Mwa 11:1-9 inatufundisha kwamba [[kiburi]] na dhambi kwa jumla vinatenganisha watu wasiweze kuelewana wala kuishi pamoja. Kinyume chake katika Agano Jipya tunasikia kwamba siku ya [[Pentekoste]] Roho Mtakatifu, aliye upendo wa Mungu, aliunganisha tena watu wa makabila mbalimbali katika kutangaza sifa zake ([[Mdo]] 2:5-12). Palipo na upendo, tofauti za [[lugha]] na [[utamaduni]] si shida. ===[[Abrahamu]] (1900-1800 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Molnár Ábrahám kiköltözése 1850.jpg|thumb|left|Mwanzo wa safari ya Abrahamu ulivyochorwa na [[József Molnár]].]] Mtu huyo, aliyezaliwa [[Mesopotamia]] ([[Iraq]]) baada ya watu kubuni [[uandishi]], ndiye mwanzo wa [[taifa teule]] la Mungu na baba wa waamini wote. Aliishi kwa kuhamahama pamoja na mifugo yake: akipitia [[Syria]] alifikia nchi ya [[Kanaani]] aliyoahidiwa na Mwenyezi Mungu akashukia [[Misri ya Kale|Misri]] kwa muda (Mwa 12). Lakini safari yake muhimu zaidi ni ile ya imani, kwa kuwa Abrahamu aliongozwa na Mungu siku kwa siku, katika mazuri na magumu, akisadiki ahadi zake za ajabu (Eb 11:8-19). Mchungaji huyo alikubali Mungu amchunge maisha yake yote, akamfuata bila ya wasiwasi, akituachia mfano bora wa kumshika mkono Mungu daima bila ya [[hofu]]. [[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 024.png|thumb|right|200px|Mungu akimuagiza Abramu kuhesabu nyota; mchoro wa [[Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld]] ([[1860]]).]] Hasa Mungu alimuahidia uzao mkubwa kama [[nyota]] za mbinguni, naye akaamini ingawa alikuwa hajapata hata mtoto mmoja: ndiyo imani iliyompendeza sana Mungu (Mwa 15:1-6). Mwa 18 inamchora kama mtu mkarimu sana kwa wageni, rafiki wa Mungu anayestahili kuambiwa yote, mwenye huruma, [[busara]] na [[unyenyekevu]] katika [[sala]]. Wageni wake watatu ambao ni kama mtu mmoja tu wanadokeza [[Utatu]] Mtakatifu. Mungu alimdai Abrahamu asadiki kwamba anaweza yote kama atakavyomdai [[Bikira Maria]] ([[Lk]] 1:17), naye alidumu kumuomba awahurumie waovu kwa ajili ya waadilifu ([[Yak]] 5:16). Mwa 19 inatuchorea uovu wa watu ambao huko [[Sodoma]] ulizidi hata kumdai Mungu alipe kisasi. Lakini kati yao mwadilifu akaokolewa, isipokuwa mke wake akaja kuadhibiwa kwa sababu aliangalia nyuma kinyume cha agizo la Bwana (Lk 17:28-33). Mwa 21:1-21 inatusimulia jinsi Mungu alivyotimiza ahadi yake kwa kumjalia [[Sara]] amzalie Abrahamu mtoto [[Isaka]] katika [[uzee]] na [[utasa]]. Isaka ni mtoto wa imani, si wa mwili, naye ni huru, tofauti na [[Ishmaeli]] mtoto wa mtumwa ambaye hastahili kurithi pamoja na mdogo wake. Isaka, baba wa Israeli alipata baraka kuu, naye ni mfano wa watu wa Agano Jipya. Ishmaeli, baba wa [[Waarabu]] alibarikiwa pia kwa ajili ya baba yake, naye ni mfano wa Agano la Kale ambapo watu wanategemea mambo ya kimwili (kutahiriwa, kunawa, kubagua vyakula n.k.) na hivyo ni watumwa ([[Gal]] 4:21-5:1). Mwa 22:1-19 inatuletea habari ya kusisimua kuhusu sadaka ambayo Mungu alimdai Abrahamu, yaani kumchinja Isaka. Ni kimoja kati ya vilele vya imani ya binadamu, imani inayoonyeshwa kwa matendo ya [[utiifu]] (Yak 2:21-22). Abrahamu hakusita kumrudishia Mungu kile alichopewa, akaondoka alfajiri akasafiri mpaka mahali alipoambiwa (Wayahudi wanaamini mlima huo ndipo walipojenga hekalu la [[Yerusalemu]]). Kwa niaba ya waamini wote Abrahamu alikuwa tayari kumchinjia Mungu mwanae pekee ampendaye. Lakini atakayemtoa kweli [[Mwana pekee]] ni [[Mungu Baba]] (Yoh 3:16). Mwanae ndiye [[mwanakondoo]] aliyeuliziwa na Isaka na ambaye Mungu akajipatia juu ya mlima [[Kalivari]] alioupanda huku amejitwika sio kuni bali mti wa [[msalaba]]. Abrahamu aliamini uwezo wa Mungu juu ya [[mauti]] na hasa [[uaminifu]] wake kwa ahadi alizompa: kwa hiyo akarudishiwa mwana hai kama mfano wa [[ufufuko]], na katika yeye, yaani katika mzawa wake, watu wote wakabarikiwa. Maisha ya imani yanadai daima sadaka, hasa ya mambo yanayopendwa zaidi (Rom 12:1-2): ndiyo njia ya kujaliwa baraka zinazopita ubinadamu wetu. Mwa 24 inasimulia kirefu jinsi Abrahamu kabla hajafa alivyomfanyia mpango wa ndoa Isaka kufuatana na [[mila]] zao, ila alikataza kabisa asirudi kwao, bali kwa vyovyote abaki katika nchi ile aliyoahidiwa na Mungu. Hivyo imani izidi kuongoza uzao wake kama ilivyomuongoza mwenyewe. ===Watoto wa Isaka: Esau na Yakobo=== [[File:Matthias Stomer (Umkreis) Das Linsengericht.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Matthias Stom]], ''Esau [kulia] akimuuzia Yakobo haki yake kama mtoto wa kwanza'' au ''Sahani ya dengu'', ([[karne ya 17]]).]] Kadiri ya [[Mwa]] 25:19-34, [[Rebeka]] alimzalia Isaka watoto [[pacha]] wenye [[sura]] na [[silika]] tofauti, [[Esau]] na [[Yakobo Israeli|Yakobo]]. Wa kwanza analaumiwa hasa kwa kupuuzia baraka ya Mungu iliyokuwa haki ya [[kifunguamimba]]: kwa sahani ya [[dengu]] alikubali kukosa [[neema]] zile zote alizojitwalia Yakobo kwa imani yake ([[Eb]] 12:16-17). Mwa 27 inasimulia jinsi Yakobo, akifundishwa na mama yake, alivyoweza kubarikiwa na baba. Ingawa [[uongo]] wake haukubaliki ([[Hos]] 12:3-5), Mungu alithibitisha baraka ya Isaka kadiri ya desturi yake ya kumpendelea mdogo: hivyo Yakobo, aliyekimbia nchi yake ana fimbo tu, alirudi miaka ishirini baadaye ana wake 4, watoto 11 na mifugo wengi ajabu (Mwa 32). Kabla hajaingia nchi yake Mungu alishindana naye usiku kucha akalazimika kumbariki na kumtajia jina jipya, Israeli. ===Yosefu na ndugu zake kushukia Misri (1700 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Tissot Joseph and His Brethren Welcomed by Pharaoh.jpg|thumb|Yosefu na kaka zake wakipokewa na Farao kadiri ya [[James Tissot]] ([[1900]] hivi).]] Kama kawaida ya mitara, kulikuwa na upendeleo na [[wivu]] kati ya watoto wa Yakobo. Hasa [[Yosefu (babu)|Yosefu]] alichukiwa na kaka zake wote, ingawa alikuwa mnyofu hata kuwasimulia [[ndoto]] zake za ajabu (Mwa 37:2-11). Kijicho na [[chuki]] vilifikia hatua ya kuwafanya watamani kumuua. Walipopata nafasi walifanya njama, ingawa si wote. Mwisho uamuzi ukawa kumuacha hai lakini kumuuza kama [[mtumwa]] kwa wafanyabiashara walioelekea Misri (Mwa 37:12-36). Lakini katika maovu ya binadamu Mungu akazidi kushughulikia taifa lake teule. Hivyo Yosefu akawa mfano wa Yesu ambaye alichukiwa bure tu akauawa msalabani kwa wokovu wa wadogo zake wakosefu. Mwa 39 inaonyesha jinsi Yosefu alivyozidi kumtiii Mungu na kukwepa dhambi. Hivyo baada ya majaribu mbalimbali akatukuzwa kuwa [[liwali]] wa [[Farao]] kwa nchi yote, hasa kwa usimamizi wa akiba ya chakula (Mwa 41:1-49) kwa ajili ya miaka saba ya [[njaa]] aliyotabiri. Kadiri ya mpango wa Mungu njaa hiyo ikawalazimisha kaka zake waje kumuinamia, naye hakulipa kisasi; halafu, kama vile alivyotafsiri ndoto mbalimbali, aliwafafanulia maana ya matukio ya maisha yao katika mpango wa Mungu: kwamba ndiye aliyemtuma Misri kusudi awaokoe (Mwa 45:1-15). Mwa 46:1-7 inasimulia Yakobo na wazawa wake wote, jumla wanaume 70, walivyohamia Misri. Lakini hawakusahau nchi waliyoahidiwa na Mungu: ndiyo sababu Yakobo na Yosefu walidai waapiwe kuwa watakuja kuzikwa kwao (Mwa 49:29-50:26). Kabla ya kufa Yakobo aliwabariki watoto wake 12 na kwa namna ya pekee [[Yuda (babu)|Yuda]] ambaye atatawala moja kwa moja (Mwa 49:8-12). ===Utumwa wa Misri na wito wa Musa (1250 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:MosesRescued FromTheNile.JPG|thumb|left|240px|Musa akiokolewa katika maji ya [[mto Nile]], alivyochorwa na [[Nicolas Poussin]] mwaka [[1638]].]] [[Wanaisraeli]] waliishi Misri kama wageni tu zaidi ya miaka mia nne (Mdo 7:6-16) wakiongezeka kiasi cha kuwatisha wenyeji wao: ndiyo sababu wakaanza kudhulumiwa mwaka 1300 hivi K.K. Hasa katika kuwakomboa utumwani, Mungu alijionyesha [[mtetezi]] wa haki za [[maskini]]. Pamoja na kushurutishwa kufanya kazi wasioipenda, ilitolewa amri ya kuua watoto wao wote wa kiume: lakini mpango huo haukutekelezwa sawasawa (Kut 1:7-22). Mmoja kati ya watoto waliookolewa katika hatari hiyo ni Musa, wa [[kabila la Lawi]] (Kut 2:1-10; Eb 11:23; Mdo 7:17-22). Kisha kukimbia Misri Musa akaoa Mmidiani (Kut 2:11-22; Eb 11:24-27; Mdo 7:23-29): alipokuwa anachunga mifugo ya mkwewe kwenye mlima Sinai akaitwa na Mungu kutoka ndani ya kichaka kinachowaka moto kisiteketee. Mungu alimchagua ingawa ana [[kigugumizi]] yaani anaonekana hafai kushindana na Farao. Mungu akasisitiza aende mwenyewe, naye atatumia uwezo wake wa Kimungu kumlazimisha Farao. Kadiri Musa alivyoomba, Mungu alimfunulia jina lake takatifu YHWH ambalo linaeleweka kiasi tu, kama vile [[fumbo]] la Mungu mwenyewe (Kut 2:23-3:20; Mdo 7:30-35). ===Mapigo ya Wamisri=== [[File:Tissot Water Is Changed into Blood.jpg|thumb|"Maji Kugeuka Damu" kadiri ya Tissot.]] Mungu alipomtuma Musa kwa Farao alijua tayari huyo atakataa kuwaruhusu Waisraeli waende zao, mpaka aone mapigo yake kwa [[Wamisri]]. Kwa kuwa ulihitajika muda kuleta ukombozi, iliwabidi Waisraeli wawe na imani na [[subira]] hadi ahadi za Mungu zitimie. Lakini binadamu hatupendi kungojea ukombozi: hivyo Waisraeli wakaanza kunung’unika (Kut 5:1-6:1). Hata hivyo Mungu akaendelea na mpango wake. Maajabu aliyoyatenda huwa yanatokea Misri lakini si yote kwa wakati mmoja wala si kwa kiasi kile alichosababisha Musa kwa fimbo yake (Kut 6:28-7:7). Tuna orodha mbalimbali za mapigo hayo, lakini kwa kawaida yanahesabiwa kumi: maji ya mto [[Naili]] kuwa mekundu kama [[damu]], vyura kujaa nchi, [[chawa]], [[nzi]], [[tauni]], majipu, [[mvua ya mawe]], [[nzige]], [[giza]] na hatimaye [[kifo]] cha wazaliwa wa kwanza wa kiume wa watu na wa wanyama. Adhabu hizo ziliwapata Wamisri, lakini si Waisraeli: hivyo ilikuwa wazi kuwa Mungu anabagua watu wake na watu waovu. Katika pigo la kumi Waisraeli waliopolewa kwa kuipaka milango yao damu ya mwanakondoo (Kut 11:1-10; Mdo 7:36-37; Eb 11:28). Hivyo Mungu aliwaandaa watu kupokea imani kwa Yesu Kristo, Mwanakondoo wa kweli na Mkombozi wa waliokuwa watumwa wa dhambi, shetani na kifo (Yoh 19:36; 1Kor 5:7; 1Pet 1:18-20). Hiyo ni wazi katika ibada iliyoagizwa ifanyike kila mwaka (Kut 12:1-14), yaani Waisraeli wale nyama ya mwanakondoo dume asiye na hila, pamoja na [[mkate]] usiotiwa [[chachu]] na [[mboga]] ya majani machungu. Yesu akaifanya ibada hiyo iwe ibada kuu ya agano jipya la milele, akiagiza tuifanye kwa [[ukumbusho]] wake, si tena kwa ukumbusho wa kutoka Misri (1Kor 11:23-26). ===Safari ya kuendea Nchi ya ahadi=== [[File:The Crossing fo The Red Sea.jpg|thumb|300px|left|"Kuvuka Bahari ya Shamu" kadiri ya [[Nicholas Poussin]].]] Kut 12:29-42 inasimulia Waisraeli wote walivyokimbia Misri pamoja na mifugo yao waliposikia mayowe kutoka nyumba za majirani wao wote. Katika safari yao wakaongozwa na Mungu kwa sura ya [[wingu]] [[mchana]] na ya [[moto]] [[usiku]] (Kut 13:17-22; Yoh 8:12): hivyo Mungu alionyesha wazi kuwa hawaachi hata kidogo bali anawashughulikia kwa namna tofauti kadiri ya mahitaji. Kut 14:5-31 inasimulia jinsi Wamisri, kisha kuwalilia wafu wao, walivyoanza kuwatafuta Waisraeli kwa [[farasi]] na magari wakawakuta karibu na [[bahari ya Shamu]]. Lakini Waisraeli walivuka bahari kama kwamba ni [[nchi kavu]], kwa kuwa maji yamegawanyika. Kumbe Wamisri wakazama kwa kuwa maji yamerudi mahali pake (Eb 11:29). Asubuhi Waisraeli wakaona maiti za Wamisri wote zikielea wakamshangilia Mungu aliyewaokoa (Kut 15:1-21 inatuletea [[wimbo]] ambao maneno yake ni kati ya yale ya kale zaidi katika Biblia). Hivyo Mungu aliwaokoa tena watu wake katika maji, na huu pia ni mfano wa ubatizo ambao unaadhimishwa hasa usiku wa [[Pasaka]]. Hata katika hatari ya kukandamizwa Mungu alidai Waisraeli watulie kwa imani ya kuwa [[ushindi]] ni wake tu. Tena walitakiwa wasiyasahau kamwe mang’amuzi hayo, kwa kuwa ndiyo msingi wa imani ya dini yao. Sisi vilevile tunatakiwa kukumbuka daima ubatizo wetu ambapo Mungu ametuokoa. Baada ya ushindi wa Pasaka safari ikaendelea mpaka kufikia nchi aliyoahidi Mungu, ila Waisraeli wakaja kusahau [[uweza]] wake na kumlalamikia kipumbavu hata kumchosha. 1Kor 10:1-11 inatuonya tusifanye vile. Kama kawaida malalamiko ya kwanza yalihusu kula na kunywa (Kut 15:22-17:7). Mungu aliwakubalia kwa kuwateremshia [[kwale]] halafu [[mana]]: hasa chakula hicho kiliwashangaza Waisraeli wakazidi kukikumbuka hata wakamdai Yesu awapatie tena kama kweli ndiye [[Musa mpya]]. Yesu akawajibu kuwa mwenyewe ndiye [[chakula cha uzima]] kutoka mbinguni kinachotulisha safarini hapa (Yoh 6:22-59). Vilevile kuhusu maji, Mungu aliyatokeza katika mwamba huko [[Masa]] au [[Meriba]], lakini alichukizwa sana na matendo yao (Eb 3:15-19). Shida nyingine ya kawaida kwa makabila ya wahamaji ni kupigana [[vita]]. Waisraeli walilazimika kufanya hivyo na [[Waamaleki]], wakapata ushindi si kwa nguvu zao, ila kutokana na sala ya Musa, [[mwombezi]] wao (Kut 17:8-16). Sisi taifa la Mungu tunatakiwa tutegemee sala kuliko [[uhodari]] wetu, na daima tuwe na watu wenye kumuinulia Mungu mikono yao kama Musa jangwani. ===Agano la Mlima Sinai=== [[Picha:Mose (Michelangelo).jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Musa iliyochongwa na [[Michelangelo]] iko katika [[kanisa]] la [[Mt. Petro "in vinculis"]] mjini [[Roma]] ([[Italia]]).]] Walipofikia mlima huo wa kutisha, Mungu alimuita Musa aupande ili aseme naye, huku wengine wakibaki chini. Hapo akampa Musa masharti ya agano lake na Waisraeli (Kut 19). Akiwa Muumba na hasa Mkombozi wao alidai waishi kitakatifu kwa kushika [[amri kumi]], ambazo tatu zinahusu heshima kwake na saba uhusiano na watu wengine (Kut 20:2-17). Ndiyo [[mawe mawili]] ambayo Musa alipewa halafu Yesu akayakamilisha katika [[amri kuu]] ya upendo kwa Mungu na kwa jirani (Mk 12:28-34). Amri hizo zinaweza kujulikana na kukubaliwa na mtu yeyote mwenye [[mapenzi mema]], lakini Mungu alipenda kutusaidia tujue kwa urahisi na hakika zaidi tufanye nini ili kumpendeza, tuwe watu wake naye awe Mungu wetu kwelikweli. Agano hilo upande wa Mungu ni imara kwa kuwa yeye ni mwaminifu kabisa, shida iko upande wetu tulio geugeu, tukiahidi tusitekeleze. Ndiyo sababu likahitajika agano lingine lililofungishwa na Yesu Kristo (2Tim 2:11-13). ===Ndama ya dhahabu=== [[File:GoldCalf.jpg|left|thumb|''The Adoration of the Golden Calf'' by [[Nicolas Poussin]]]] Kut 32 inasimulia uasi wa Waisraeli ulivyofikia kilele chake walipojitengenezea mungu wa [[dhahabu]] mwenye sura ya [[fahali]] (Biblia kwa dharau inasema “[[ndama]]” na “mla nyasi”). Hata [[Haruni]], kaka yake Musa, alikubali kufuata matakwa yao huku mdogo wake akichelewa mlimani (Mdo 7:38-42). Musa akambembeleza Mungu asiwaangamize watu wake, hivyo akawa mfano bora wa mwombezi, kwa kuwa hakujali ahadi ya Mungu ya kumfanya chanzo cha taifa lingine kubwa. Kazi hiyo ni hasa ya [[Bwana]] Yesu ambaye aliwatetea watu wake kwa kumwaga damu yake, na anazidi kuwaombea kwa Baba yake (Eb 7:25-27). ===Mungu kujifunua tena kwa Musa=== [[Image:Mount Sinai Egypt.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Kilele]] cha Mlima Sinai ([[mita]] 2,285 juu ya [[usawa wa bahari]]).]] Kut 33:18-34:9 inasimulia jinsi Mungu alivyokubali kiasi ombi la Musa la kumuonyesha [[utukufu]] wake; badala ya kumuonyesha [[uso]] wake (Yoh 1:18) alijifunua kwake kwa kulitangaza na kulifafanua [[jina]] lake: YHWH ni mwingi wa [[rehema]] na [[uaminifu]], anawaonea wivu watu wake, yaani hawezi kukubali waabudu miungu mingine kwa hasara yao. Ndiyo sababu alipoagana nao kwa kuandika tena amri zake kumi katika mawe, pamoja na kuahidi kuwafukuza wenyeji wa [[nchi takatifu]] ili kuwapatia nafasi Waisraeli, aliwaagiza wasichanganyikane nao wasije wakavutwa katika [[Upagani]]. Hasa alikataza [[ndoa za mseto]] ili kulinda usafi wa imani. Kwa namna ya pekee Kristo analipenda na kulionea wivu Kanisa lake analolitaka [[bikira]] safi katika imani na [[maadili]] (2Kor 11:2; Ef 5:25-27): hivyo tunaposhirikiana na watu wengine tuwe macho tusifuate mawazo, maneno na matendo yao, bali tushuhudie imani na upendo kwa maisha yetu tofauti na ya kwao (Yoh 17:15-17). ===Mambo ya Walawi=== [[Image:Tabernacle Camp.jpg|left|thumb|250px|[[Hema la mkutano]] na kambi lake ([[mchoro]] wa [[karne ya 19]]).]] Kitabu hicho cha tatu kimejaa hasa sheria za ibada zenye kulenga utakatifu wa makuhani na wa sadaka. Watu wa kabila la Lawi tu ndio walioruhusiwa kushughulikia ibada, tena kati yao ukoo wa Haruni tu ndio makuhani kamili. Kutokana na kazi hiyo Walawi hawakupewa sehemu ya nchi takatifu, ila Mungu mwenyewe ndiye fungu lao. Lakini taifa lote lilitakiwa liwe takatifu kutokana na uhusiano wake na Mungu (Law 19:1). Polepole maana ya utakatifu huo ilizidi kueleweka si kukwepa [[unajisi]] wa kiibada tu, bali unategemea hasa mwenendo mwadilifu. ===Hesabu=== Kitabu cha nne kinaitwa hivyo kwa sababu kinaleta hesabu mbalimbali, hasa ya idadi ya Waisraeli: wanaume wa kuweza kwenda vitani walikuwa 603,500 (mbali na Walawi waliohesabiwa peke yao: wanaume 22,000 wakiwa pamoja na watoto wa kiume); ukiongeza wanawake na watoto mpaka umri wa miaka ishirini, basi jumla yao iliweza kufikia watu milioni tatu, ingawa si lazima kuamini idadi hiyo ni sahihi (pengine namba hizo hazilingani katika makala kwa kuwa ilikuwa rahisi kukosea wakati wa kunakili). Uzito wa kazi ya kuwaongoza watu wengi hivyo wanaonung’unika kila mara ulimchosha Musa hata akamuomba Mungu tena ampunguzie mzigo au amuue kabisa (Hes 11:1-30). Musa alieleza shida yake kama rafiki kwa mwenzake, kwa unyofu uleule wa watu wengine wa Mungu katika Biblia. Mungu akamkubalia akawashirikisha watu sabini roho yake kwa ajili ya uongozi katika ngazi mbalimbali. Huo pia ni mfano wa Agano Jipya, ambapo [[askofu]] hawezi kuchunga waamini peke yake, bali anahitaji msaada wa viongozi wa [[daraja]] za chini, yaani [[upadri|mapadri]] na ma[[shemasi]] (Mdo 6:1-6). Katika nafasi hiyo Musa alimueleza [[Yoshua]] kwamba hawaonei kijicho kwa kupewa [[karama]], tena angependa kama Waisraeli wote wangekuwa manabii. Hamu hiyo ikatimia siku ya Pentekoste: katika Kanisa wote wanapewa Roho Mtakatifu na kuwa manabii, hata wanawake na watoto (Mdo 2:16-18). Kinyume chake Hes 12 inasimulia kijicho kilivyowafanya dada na kaka wa Musa wamseme wakijidai nao pia ni manabii. Lakini Mungu akawaeleza kuna namna mbalimbali za unabii, na Musa ni wa pekee. Kisha akatoa adhabu ambayo ikaondolewa kwa maombezi ya Musa tu: ndiyo sababu anasifiwa kwa [[upole]] wake. Kijicho kitasumbua daima taifa la Mungu, hata katika Agano Jipya (1Kor 12:1-31; 14:37-38). [[Image:Lanfranco Moses and the Messengers from Canaan.jpg|thumb|250px|''Musa na wapelelezi wa Kanaani'', walivyochorwa na [[Giovanni Lanfranco]], [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]].]] Waisraeli walipofikia mipakani mwa nchi takatifu walituma wapelelezi ili waivamie, nao waliporudi walisimulia uzuri wake, lakini pia walitisha kwa kuzidisha habari za wananchi na miji yao (Hes 13). Hapo Waisraeli wakaanza kunung’unika usiku kucha (Hes 14) wakapanga kuwaua kwa mawe [[Kalebu]] na Yoshua waliotaka kuivamia nchi bila ya hofu kwa jina la Bwana. Lakini Mungu akaonyesha utukufu wake na kutisha ataleta tauni ili kuwaangamiza wote kwa ukaidi wao. Kwa maombezi ya Musa, akakubali kuwahurumia lakini akaamua warudi jangwani na kuzungukazunguka huko mpaka wafe wote; ila watoto wao pamoja na Kalebu na Yoshua ndio watakaoingia nchi takatifu kuimiliki. [[Maana ya kiroho]] ni kwamba hatutakiwi kuzitia shaka ahadi za Mungu; hata zikionekana ngumu kupatikana, ni lazima tuwe na [[moyo mkuu]] na imani hata tukabili vipingamizi vyovyote. Kinyume chake, Waisraeli walipoamua kuivamia nchi kwa kusikitikia adhabu waliyopewa wakashindwa kabisa, maana ni lazima tumtii Mungu kwa wakati wake. Pia kughairi kutokana na matatizo kunaweza kukatusukuma tutende namna ambayo haimpendezi tena; ni lazima tuchukue majukumu ya matendo yetu na kukubali adhabu au matatizo tuliyojitakia:majuto hayo yanafaa kwa kuonyesha utiifu kwa Mungu (Zab 119:71). Manung’uniko ya Waisraeli katika safari yao jangwani yakawaletea adhabu nyingine, mojawapo ile ya kugongwa na [[nyoka]] wengi wenye [[sumu]] kali. Lakini walipoomba [[msamaha]], Mungu akamuagiza Musa atengeneze [[nyoka wa shaba]] na kumuinua juu ya mti ili mtu aliyeumwa akimtazama tu apate kupona (Hes 21:4-9). Ufafanuzi wa tukio hilo ulitolewa na Yesu mwenyewe: ndiye aliyeinuliwa juu ya mti wa msalaba ili watakaomtazama kwa imani wapate kuishi (Yoh 3:14-15). ===Kumbukumbu la Torati (Sheria)=== [[File:William Blake - Moses Receiving the Law - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|right|Mchoro wa [[William Blake]] ([[1780]] hivi) unaomuonyesha "Musa akipokea Sheria", [[Yale Center for British Art]].]] Kitabu hicho cha mwisho cha Torati kiliandikwa kama miaka 600 baada ya Musa, ingawa kina namna ya [[hotuba]] tano alizoweza kuwatolea Waisraeli kabla hajafa. Kinapitia upya matukio ya wokovu ya wakati wa Musa kikifaidika na ujumbe wa manabii, hasa [[Hosea]]. Kwa msingi huo, kitabu hiki kinasisitiza sana [[upendo]] kwa Mungu, [[uaminifu]] kwa agano la mlima Sinai pamoja na tuzo na adhabu zitakazotolewa kufuatana na matendo ya Waisraeli. Katika maneno yake yote ya kitabu hiki, maarufu ni hasa yale ya 6:4-9 ambayo Mwisraeli yeyote anayakariri kila siku katika sala na kuyashika pengine neno kwa neno. Maneno mengine muhimu sana yapo 26:5-10: ni kama [[kanuni ya imani]] ambayo Mwisraeli alikuwa anaiungama mbele ya Mungu wakati wa kumtolea malimbuko ya ardhi. Hivyo alikuwa akikiri amepewa yote na Bwana, halafu akaweza kuyafurahia [[mavuno]]. Baada ya hotuba hizo, Kumb 31:1-8 inasimulia jinsi Musa alivyomuachia Yoshua uongozi wa Waisraeli wote kwa kumwekea mikono (Hes 27:12-23). Musa alifikia mpakani mwa nchi takatifu asikubaliwe kuiingia kama adhabu ya makosa yake, ila alionyeshwa yote kutoka mlimani (Kumb 32:48-52) halafu akafariki (Kumb 34). Kazi aliyopangiwa iliishia huko, mwingine akampokea na kuendeleza ukombozi wa Kimungu. Binadamu wote ni vyombo tu vinavyotumika kwa muda fulani, halafu vinaweza kuachwa. Kumbe Mungu ndiye mtendaji mwenyewe ambaye hasinzii wala halali, bali anazidi kuwashughulikia watu wake. Kwa imani hiyo tuwe daima tayari kuwaachia wengine nafasi yetu. ===Vitabu vinavyofuata Kumbukumbu la Torati (Sheria)=== Vitabu vinavyofuata katika [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]] (Yoshua, Waamuzi, Samweli na Wafalme) vinataka kuthibitisha kwamba kweli ikawa kama hiki kinavyosema: Waisraeli walipofuata agano (wakati wa [[Yoshua]]) waliteka [[nchi ya ahadi]] na kuifurahia, lakini walipozidi kuasi (wakati wa [[Waamuzi]], [[Samweli]] na Wafalme) walikuja kunyang’anywa nchi ile yote, kwanza sehemu nzuri zaidi ([[kaskazini]]), halafu ile hafifu zaidi ([[kusini]]). Hapo Waisraeli wote wakajikuta tena utumwani katika nchi ya kigeni kama kabla ya Musa, wakikosa hata [[sanduku la agano]], lililopotea wakati wa maangamizi ya [[Yerusalemu]] na [[hekalu]] lake, baada ya wao kufikia hatua ya kula watoto wao kutokana na njaa. Vitabu hivyo vilikamilishwa wakati wa kukaa uhamishoni Babeli, vikiwa jibu la swali kuu lililowakwaza huko: je, Mungu wetu ameshindwa? Waandishi walichagua matukio mbalimbali ya historia baada ya Yoshua ili kuthibitisha kuwa aliyeshindwa ni Israeli, si Mungu. Historia hiyo inaonyesha mfululizo wa maasi hata baada ya Mungu kutuma waamuzi na manabii wake ili kuwaonya Waisraeli na kuwaelekeza upya. Lengo la waandishi halikuwa kutunza kumbukumbu za mambo yote kwa usahihi na ukamilifu, bali kuelekeza njia ya kupata wokovu hata baada ya Israeli kuonekana imekoma moja kwa moja. Kama vile Biblia nzima, vitabu hivyo vinalenga wokovu wetu, vikihakikisha kuwa Mungu anaweza kuleta mwanzo mpya hata hali ikiwa mbaya namna gani. Ndiyo sababu habari ya mwisho kabisa ni ya kuleta tumaini: kwamba [[mfalme Yekonia]] alitolewa gerezani (alipokaa miaka 37) na kufanywa mgeni wa kudumu mezani pa mfalme wa Babeli. ===Yoshua (1210-1200 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Joshua Crossing Jordan (89396850).jpg|left|thumb|250px|"Wana wa Israeli wakivuka Yordani" walivyochorwa na [[Gustave Doré]] (alifariki mwaka [[1883)]].]] Kitabu cha sita cha Biblia kinatupasha habari za uvamizi wa nchi takatifu ambao Waisraeli waliufanya chini ya Yoshua, ambaye ni mfano wa Yesu (hata jina lao kwa Kiyahudi ni moja, linalotafsiriwa “Mungu anaokoa”): ndiye aliyewaingiza watu katika nchi ya ahadi, si Musa. Mara baada ya kushika uongozi, Yoshua alituma wapelelezi nchini; huko [[Yeriko]], mji wa zamani kuliko yote ya dunia, walisaidiwa na [[Rahabu]], [[kahaba]] aliyeamini kuwa ushindi utakuwa wa Mungu wa Israeli (Yos 2): kwa hiyo akaokolewa pamoja na ndugu zake, tena akajaliwa kuwa bibi wa babu wa [[mfalme Daudi]], hata akatajwa na Injili kama bibi wa Yesu Kristo (Math 1:5-6), halafu akachukuliwa kama mfano wa imani (Eb 11:31) na wa matendo mema (Yak 2:25). Yoshua aliwavusha Waisraeli pakavu kati ya [[mto Yordani]] (Yos 3-4) na hivyo akawaingiza katika nchi takatifu. Hapo ikawabidi kwanza wafunge tena agano na Mungu kwa kutahiriwa wanaume wote na kwa kuadhimisha Pasaka ambapo kwa mara ya kwanza walikula mazao ya nchi hiyo waliyoahidiwa: ndio mwisho wa mana na wa kipindi cha jangwani (Yos 5:1-12). Hata sisi tutaacha kula mkate toka mbinguni tutakapoingia pale tulipoahidiwa. Baada ya matendo hayo ya kidini Mungu alimtokea Yoshua kama [[amirijeshi]] wa Israeli ili kumhakikishia kwamba mwenyewe ataongoza mambo, hivyo Yoshua amtegemee akijisikia chombo chake tu (Yos 5:13-15). Ni rahisi kwa kila binadamu aliyeshika uongozi kujisikia mwenyewe na hivyo kuacha kumtegemea Mungu. Kumbe Yoshua kwa kupokea ujumbe huo akaweza kushinda watu wenye maboma, nguvu na silaha kali kuliko Waisraeli. Kwamba hiyo ni nguvu ya Mungu inaonekana wazi hasa katika simulizi la kuteka Yeriko (Yos 6:1-21): huko Waisraeli walifanya [[maandamano]] ya ibada mpaka kuta za mji zikaanguka. Vita vyetu vya kiroho na vya kitume vitegemee hasa sala. Baada ya vita vingi Yoshua akayagawia [[makabila 12]] ya Israeli nchi yote, ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu zilizobaki chini ya wenyeji (Yos 12:1-13:14). Huko [[Shekemu]] aliwadai wote wachague kumtumikia YHWH au miungu mingine, akisisitiza ugumu wa kumtumikia sawasawa Mungu aliye mtakatifu na mwenye wivu kwa watu wake. Lakini wao walikubali kwa moyo wote kumtumikia Mungu tu, wakasimamisha jiwe kubwa kama kumbukumbu (Yos 24:1-28). Kabla hajafa Yoshua akawaita Waisraeli wote ili kuwaimarisha katika imani na [[umoja]] kwa kuwakumbusha maajabu waliyotendewa na Mungu na kwa kuwahimiza wamuonyeshe [[shukrani]] (Yos 23). Kukumbuka ni jambo muhimu ili tuishi kwa imani bila ya kudanganywa na maisha yanayosahaulisha kwa urahisi mambo ya Kimungu. ===Waamuzi (1200-1025 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Maarten van Heemskerck 024.jpg|thumb|150px|"Gideoni akimshukuru Mungu kwa muujiza wa umande", alivyochorwa na [[Maarten van Heemskerck]] ([[Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg]], [[Ufaransa]]).]] [[Kitabu]] hiki kinaleta picha tofauti na kile cha [[Yoshua]] kuhusu hali ya nchi ya [[Kanaani]] baada ya [[uvamizi]]. Kinaonyesha kuwa [[Waisraeli]] hawakufukuza [[wenyeji]] wote, bali waliteka baadhi tu ya maeneo yao wakaishi jirani nao. Baada ya makabila ya Waisraeli kugawana nchi, kila moja likaanza kujitegemea: lakini bila ya umoja hakuna nguvu upande wa dini wala wa siasa. Upande wa dini, Waisraeli wakaanza kuchanganyikana na wenyeji Wapagani na kufuata utamaduni wao uliostaarabika zaidi, wakiwaiga katika yote: kuishi katika [[nyumba]] ya kudumu, kulima n.k. hata wakaabudu miungu yao ya kiume na ya kike kwa [[ukahaba wa kidini]] na kwa kuitolea [[sadaka]] watoto wao ili kujivutia [[fadhili]] zao, hasa [[mvua]]. Kutokana na makosa hayo, Mungu akawaacha wapatwe na [[ukame]], [[njaa]] na zaidi ya hayo wanyanyaswe na makabila mbalimbali. Mara kwa mara Waisraeli wakamlilia yeye aliyewasikiliza walipokuwa wanaonewa [[Misri]], naye akaitikia kwa kuwainulia [[mwanamume]] au [[mwanamke]] ambaye awashinde maadui na kuwarudishia [[amani]] (Amu 2:6-19). Watu wa namna hiyo wanaitwa “waamuzi”: maana ya neno hilo si [[wasomi]] wanaosikiliza [[kesi]] na kutoa [[hukumu]] kadiri ya [[sheria]] zilizotungwa na [[bunge]] la nchi, bali walikuwa “watawala” wakati wa [[amani]] baada ya kushinda [[vita vya ukombozi]]. Waliweza kuwa watu wa kila aina, hata wasiotarajiwa kabisa, kwa kuwa [[mkombozi]] wa kweli alikuwa Mungu tu. Habari za waamuzi hao 12 haziwezi kupangwa kitarehe, kwa kuwa hazina [[dalili]] zinazotusaidia kujua ipi ilitangulia na ipi ilifuata. Waandishi wenyewe hawakujua [[mwaka]] wa matukio hayo, hivyo walikusanya [[kumbukumbu]] walizokuwanazo kama kwamba waamuzi walifuatana mmoja baada ya mwingine kuongoza [[Israeli]]. Ukweli ni kwamba waliweza kuongoza kwa wakati mmoja huyu huku na huyu huku, kwa kuwa kila mmoja alihusika na eneo fulani tu. Kwa kuwapanga mmoja baada ya mwingine, waandishi waliweza kusisitiza mara 12 kwamba Waisraeli walirudiarudia [[dhambi]], na kwa sababu hiyo walirudiarudia kupewa na Mungu [[adhabu]] aliyoitabiri [[Musa]]. Lakini fundisho muhimu zaidi ni kwamba [[Bwana]], bila ya kujali [[ugeugeu]] wao, daima alikuwa tayari kuwaokoa walipomlilia [[msaada]]. [[Mwamuzi]] mmojawapo ni [[Gideoni]] aliyedumisha [[amani]] kwa miaka 40. Alipoitwa na Mungu alijitetea kwa kusisitiza udogo na [[ufukara]] wake, lakini akajaliwa [[ishara]] zote alizoziomba ili kuhakikishiwa msaada (Amu 6:11-24,36-40). Sura ya 7 inasimulia Mungu alivyopunguza askari wake ili ionekane wazi kuwa ushindi ni wa Mungu mwenyewe, hautegemei uhodari na wingi wa watu au silaha zao. Ni kawaida ya kazi ya Mungu kuonyesha uweza wake katika udhaifu wa binadamu. Waisraeli walipotaka Gideoni awe [[mfalme]] wao, akakataa katakata ili Bwana tu aendelee kuwatawala (Amu 8:22-23), lakini wazo hilo likaendelea kuenea, ingawa wengine walilipinga (Amu 9:1-21). [[Nyongeza]] ya kitabu inaonyesha kuwa kumwasi Mungu kulisababisha hatimaye Waisraeli kupigana wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Ni kwamba, ukivunja [[amri]] ya kwanza unaweza kuja kuzivunja zote, na ukimkataa [[bab]], hutakubali tena [[ndugu]] zako. Mstari wa mwisho unaeleza sababu nyingine ya [[fujo]] hizo: kutokuwepo [[mfalme]] mmoja juu ya makabila yote 12. Kwa kusema hivyo, kitabu kinatuandaa kusikia katika vitabu vinavyofuata jinsi [[ufalme wa Israeli]] ulivyoanzishwa kwa usimamizi wa [[Samweli]], [[nabii]] na mwamuzi wa mwisho lakini mkuu kuliko hao 12. ===Ruthu=== [[File:A.Cortina Ruth.jpg|thumb|150px|left|''Ruthu'' alivyochorwa na [[Antonio Cortina Farinós]].]] Katika fujo ya miaka ile, habari ya kitabu hiki kifupi inatujenga: inahusu mwanamke huyo Mpagani wa kabila la [[Moabu]] aliyeolewa na Mwisraeli huko ng’ambo ya Yordani. Baada ya kufiwa mume wake akafuatana na [[mama mkwe]] hadi [[Bethlehemu]] ili aolewe na ndugu wa [[marehemu]] na kumzalia mtoto kadiri ya sheria. Huyo mtoto akawa [[babu]] wa Daudi. Hivyo kwa uaminifu wake mwanamke huyo pia akatajwa katika Injili kama bibi wa Yesu (Math 1:5-6). ===Samweli (1050-1015 hivi B.C.)=== Vitabu viwili vya [[Biblia ya Kikristo]] vinaitwa kwa jina la mtu huyo, ambaye kwa njia yake [[Israeli]] ilianza kuwa na [[umoja]] zaidi na hatimaye kuwa [[ufalme]]. Badala ya kila [[kabila]] kujitegemea, yote 12 yalikubaliana yawe na [[kiongozi]] mmoja wa kudumu ambaye [[cheo]] chake kirithiwe na mwanae. Kwa umoja huo waliweza kushinda ma[[adui]] wao. Vitabu hivyo vimekusanya [[kumbukumbu]] zote kuhusu mwanzo wa ufalme ([[1070 KK|1070]]-[[972 KK|972]] hivi [[K.K.]]), yaani kuhusu [[Samweli]] mwenyewe na [[wanaume]] wawili aliowapaka [[mafuta]] watawale Israeli kwa niaba ya [[Mungu]]: kwanza [[Sauli]], halafu [[Daudi]]. Kumbukumbu hizo zilikuwa nyingi na tofauti, hivyo tunakuta humo tata nyingi kuliko katika vitabu vingine vyote vya Biblia. Hasa mna [[hoja]] za kukubali [[mfumo]] wa ufalme na hoja za kuukataa. Ukuu wa Samweli ulidokezwa na uzazi wake wa ajabu, kwa kuwa mama yake alikuwa tasa akampata baada ya kusali na kuweka [[nadhiri]] (1Sam 1). Hivyo baada ya miaka michache alihamia [[Shilo]] kwenye [[sanduku la agano]] kama mtumishi wa [[kuhani]] [[Eli]]. 1Sam 3 inasimulia [[wito]] wake: akiwa amelala karibu na sanduku hilo akaamshwa na Mungu mara tatu mpaka akafundishwa na Eli kumtambua na kumuitikia Mungu. Hapo akamtabiria Eli adhabu kali, na hivyo Israeli ikajua kuwa amefanywa nabii wa Bwana. Samweli aliwaamua Waisraeli kwa kuwakomboa mikononi mwa [[Wafilisti]] (1Sam 7), lakini ni muhimu hasa kwa kuwaanzishia ufalme kwa kuwaweka [[wakfu]] kwanza [[Sauli]] halafu Daudi. Kadiri ya 1Sam 8, yeye na Mungu hawakupendezwa na jinsi Waisraeli wengi walivyotaka kuiga mtindo wa mataifa yote: Samweli aliwaangalisha kuhusu matatizo na unyonyaji wa wafalme, naye Mungu aliona katika ombi hilo uasi ambao Waisraeli wanamkataa asiwatawale tena, lakini akamuagiza Samweli awakubalie. [[Ukweli]] ni kwamba mfalme aliwekwa [[wakfu]] kwa Mungu kama [[mwakilishi]] wake akitakiwa kutimiza [[matakwa]] yake, hasa kwa kusikiliza anamuambia nini kwa [[kinywa]] cha ma[[nabii]] wake. Ndiyo sababu Samweli alizidi kumuelekeza Sauli, na hatimaye akamkataa kwa [[ukaidi]] wake. [[Mabishano]] kati ya Samweli na Sauli ni mwanzo wa mabishano yote kati ya manabii na wafalme ambao hawakutaka kumtii Mungu, na hatimaye wakadhulumu na kuua manabii wake. [[Mamlaka]] ya neno la Mungu lililoletwa na nabii ilitakiwa kuwa juu ya mamlaka ya [[serikali]] na [[nguvu]] ya kijeshi alivyokuwa navyo mfalme. Lakini mara nyingi wafalme, kwa kujivunia cheo chao, walishindwa kumnyenyekea nabii wa Mungu, wakaona afadhali kufuata manabii wengine wengi waliosema [[uongo]] ama kwa kudanganywa na matarajio yao ama kwa kujipendekeza kwa mfalme na kwa [[taifa]] lote. ===Mfalme Sauli (1030-1010 hivi K.K.) na mfalme Daudi (1010-970 hivi K.K.)=== [[Picha:Ingeborg Psalter f27 Samuel anointing David.jpg|thumb|[[Picha ndogo]] inayomchora Samweli akimweka wakfu [[mfalme Daudi]].]] 1Sam 9:11-10:16 inasimulia Sauli alivyoteuliwa kuwa mfalme wa kwanza. Akitawala karibu miaka ishirini, alifanya makosa na kulaumiwa na Samweli, hata akakataliwa kabisa na Mungu kwa kutomtii kikamilifu (1Sam 15). Ingawa akaendelea kutawala kwa muda fulani, polepole alijitokeza kijana Daudi ambaye akaja kuanzisha ukoo wa kifalme wa milele. 1Sam 16-17 inaanza kutuletea mkusanyo wa [[hadithi]] juu ya Daudi ambazo zinampatia sifa aliyostahili, ingawa nyingine zinagongana: k.mf. kama aliingia katika utumishi wa Sauli kutokana na uhodari wake katika muziki au katika vita. Uhodari huo wote ukaendelea kusifiwa ila Daudi aliutumia kwa utukufu wa Mungu: ndiye aliyeingiza ala mbalimbali katika ibada na kutunga zaburi kadhaa, na ndiye aliyeeneza utawala wa Israeli kuliko yeyote. Kadiri alivyozidi kupendwa na Mungu na watu, Sauli alimchukia kwa kijicho na kutaka kumuua (1Sam 18:6-16). Daudi alipolazimika kukimbia na kuunda kikosi chake akapata nafasi rahisi ya kumuua Sauli lakini alijizuia kwa kuheshimu krisma aliyopakwa awe mfalme (1Sam 24 na 26): hivyo ni mfano bora wa kujali wito wa Kimungu. Baada ya kufanywa mfalme wa kabila lake (Yuda, yaani Kusini) na ya kupigana vita na mwana wa marehemu Sauli, Daudi akakubaliwa kuwa mfalme wa Israeli yote (yaani Kaskazini pia): pamoja na taarifa hiyo, 2Sam 5:1-12 inatuambia alivyoteka Yerusalemu uliokuwa bado mikononi mwa Wapagani akaifanya makao makuu ya kisiasa na ya kidini ya taifa lote la Mungu ili aunganishe Kaskazini na Kusini katika mji huo uliopo katikati. Kuanzia hapo Yerusalemu ukawa mji mtakatifu wa dini tatu zinazomuabudu Mungu wa Abrahamu. 2Sam 6 inasimulia sanduku la agano lilivyohamishiwa Yerusalemu kwa shangwe kubwa; hasa Daudi alicheza mbele ya Mungu kwa nguvu zake zote huku amevaa nguo ndogo ya kikuhani tu, bila ya kujijali kama kifalme. Kwa unyenyekevu wake alimpendeza Mungu akapewa naye ahadi ya ajabu, yaani kwamba ufalme wake utadumu milele (2Sam 7). Pamoja na hayo, Daudi akabaki kielelezo cha mfalme wa Israeli, ambaye awe tofauti na wengine wote kwa kuwa hasa mtumishi mnyenyekevu wa Mungu bila ya kuyumba kwa kuelekea [[miungu]] mingine. Kisha kupewa ahadi hiyo alikwenda mbele ya Mungu na kusali vizuri kama kawaida yake hata nje ya ibada: sala yake ya sifa na shukrani imejaa mshangao kwa ukuu wa Mungu na fadhili zake na kumalizika kwa ombi nyenyekevu. Ingawa hakukubaliwa kumjengea Mungu hekalu la ajabu alivyokusudia, amekuwa mwalimu wa sala kwa nyakati zote: hata leo [[liturujia]] inategemea sana [[zaburi]] zake. [[Utabiri]] huo wa [[nabii Nathani]] ukawa chanzo cha [[uimara]] wa ufalme wa [[Yerusalemu]] kwa miaka 400 hivi, halafu ukaja kuongoza [[tumaini]] la Waisraeli hasa walipodhulumiwa, k.mf. zamani za Yesu chini ya [[ukoloni]] wa Kirumi, ambapo wote walimtazamia [[mwana wa Daudi]] mwenye kurudisha ufalme wa Israeli. Kwa [[mchango]] wa manabii mbalimbali [[ujio]] wake ulitarajiwa kuwa [[hatua]] mpya ambapo [[kasoro]] za wafalme waliotangulia zitakoma. Matendo mengine tofauti yaliyoathiri sana maisha ya Daudi ni dhambi alizotenda kwa ajili ya mke wa [[Uria Mhiti]], yaani [[uzinifu]], [[unafiki]], [[ulevyaji]] na [[uuaji]] wa askari huyo mwadilifu (2Sam 11). Basi, Nathani akamuendea ili kumlaumu na kumtabiria adhabu mbalimbali, hasa kwamba upanga hautaondoka nyumbani kwake (2Sam 12:1-25). Ikawa hivyo hasa kwa sababu ya [[Absalomu]] mwanae ambaye alimuua kaka yake (2Sam 13:22-37) na baada ya kusamehewa akafanya njama hata akamfukuza Daudi toka Yerusalemu (2Sam 14:28-15:29) akazini na masuria wake mahali pa wazi (2Sam 16:20-23). Hata hivyo Daudi akazidi kumpenda na alipoambiwa amekufa akamlilia kwa namna ambayo iliwashangaza na kuwachukiza waliompigania: yeye ambaye alijiombea na kupewa msamaha wa Mungu hakumchukia mwanae aliyehatarisha maisha yake (2Sam 18:19-20:8). 2Sam 24 pia inatuchorea sura yake ya kiroho: alipoadhibiwa na Mungu kwa tauni iliyoua Waisraeli wengi baada ya yeye kuhesabu askari wote alioweza kuwategemea vitani, basi kama mchungaji mwema aliomba adhabu imuangukie mwenyewe, lakini si kondoo zake wasio na kosa. Mfalme wa kumpendeza Mungu ni mchungaji wa watu wake; Kristo mwana wa Daudi anawajua kondoo zake mmojammoja kwa jina, naye amejitwisha adhabu ya makosa yao: ndiye mfalme na mchungaji bora. Habari za mwisho za Daudi zinapatikana katika 1Fal 1-2 tunaposikia juu ya njama ya mtoto mwingine: [[Adonia]] alitaka kutawala akajifanya mfalme huku Daudi mkongwe hana habari. Lakini Nathani akaingilia kati ili mwandamizi awe [[Solomoni]], ambaye alipozaliwa na mke wa Uria alimhakikishia Daudi msamaha wa Mungu. ===Vitabu vya Wafalme=== Vitabu hivyo viwili vinapitia [[historia]] ya [[Israeli]] kuanzia mwaka [[972 KK|972]] hadi [[560 KK|560]] hivi [[K.K.]] vikionyesha mwenendo wa kila [[mfalme]] upande wa [[dini]], hasa katika kutekeleza maneno ya [[Kumbukumbu la Torati]], ya kwamba [[Mungu]] ni mmoja, hivyo [[hekalu]] lake liwe moja tu. Kwa kuwa wafalme wote wa [[kaskazini]] na karibu wale wote wa [[kusini]] walikwenda kinyume, vitabu hivyo vinaanza na [[ufalme]] imara na wa [[fahari]] ulioweza kumjengea Mungu hekalu la ajabu, kumbe vinaishia na [[hali]] mbaya na ya [[aibu]] kuliko ilivyokuwa kabla ya [[Musa]], wafalme wakiwa wafungwa [[Babeli]], Waisraeli wote [[uhamisho]]ni na hekalu lenyewe [[magofu]] tu. Lakini waandishi hawakusimulia hayo ili kutunza [[kumbukumbu]] za zamani kama wanavyofanya [[wanahistoria]], bali kwa lengo la kuonyesha tena [[uaminifu]] wa Mungu, aliyezidi kutuma ma[[nabii]] wake hata baada ya kuona hawasikilizwi, bali wanadhulumiwa hata kuuawa. Kwa kutegemea uaminifu huo, [[Wayahudi]] waliohamishiwa Babeli waliweza kutumaini mwanzo mpya. Hasa manabii wa mwisho wa wakati huo, [[Yeremia]] na [[Ezekieli]], waliwatia moyo kuwa Mungu atabadili mioyo yao na kufanya nao [[Agano Jipya]]. ===Mfalme Solomoni (970-931 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Ingobertus 001.jpg|thumb|left|Solomoni katika [[ikulu]] yake (kadiri ya [[Ingobertus]], [[880]] hivi).]] Ufalme wake uliweza kustawi kuliko ule wa baba yake kutokana na msingi imara aliouweka Daudi. Lakini mwenyewe aliudhoofisha na kusababisha mara baada ya kifo chake utokee utengano kati ya makabila ya Kaskazini na yale ya Kusini. Kati ya kazi muhimu alizozifanya, mojawapo ni kujenga hekalu la Yelusalemu na kuliweka wakfu kwa sherehe kubwa ya siku saba, ambapo Mungu alionyesha kibali chake kwa kulijaza kwa sura ya wingu (1Fal 8). Polepole hekalu hilo likaja kuwa la pekee hata patakatifu pengine pote pakakatazwa chini ya mfalme [[Yosia]]. Ingawa Solomoni anasifiwa kwa [[hekima]] yake, alishindwa kukwepa [[majivuno]] na tamaa, akataka kuwapendeza wake zake waliokuwa 700 (mbali na masuria 300), wengi wao Wapagani, hata akawajengea mahali pa kuabudia miungu yao akamchukiza Mungu hata akamtabiria mtoto wake atanyang’anywa sehemu kubwa ya ufalme (1Fal 11:1-13) ikawa hivyo. Baada yake, makabila ya kaskazini yalitawaliwa na wafalme wa koo mbalimbali (931-722), kumbe yale ya kusini yalitawaliwa na watu wa ukoo wa Daudi tu (931-587). Wafalme wote wa kaskazini wanasemwa kuwa wabaya. Kati ya wafalme wa kusini, wema ni 2 ([[Ezekia]] na Yosia); wengine wema kiasi; wengine wabaya. Hatimaye Waisraeli wa kaskazini walipelekwa uhamishoni [[Ashuru]] (722) wasirudi tena. Wale wa kusini walipelekwa uhamishoni Babeli (587) lakini baadhi wakarudi (kuanzia 538). ===Manabii=== [[Picha:Paris psaulter gr139 fol136v.jpg|thumb|200px|Nathani akimlaumu Daudi na kumtabiria adhabu.]] Tofauti na [[mtangulizi]] wake, [[Daudi]] alimpendeza [[Mungu]], si kwa sababu hakufanya ma[[kosa]], bali kwa sababu alikuwa tayari kumsikiliza akisema kwa njia ya ma[[nabii]] wake Nathani, [[Nabii Gadi|Gadi]] n.k. Alikubali kukosolewa, kuonywa na kuambiwa la kufanya. Kila [[mfalme]] baada yake alitakiwa kufanya hivyo. Kwa kiasi kikubwa, miaka ya wafalme wa Israeli na Yuda ni pia miaka ya manabii bora walioinuliwa na Mungu alivyotaka ili kuwakemea au kuwafariji Waisraeli. Kazi yao kubwa haikuwa kutabiri yatakayotokea, bali kuwa madaraja kati ya Mungu na watu wake, wakiwafahamisha yeye anawaza na kutaka nini. “Nabii” ni hasa mtu “anayesema kwa niaba” ya Mungu. Si lazima aandike kitu. Njia zake za kuwasiliana na Mungu zinafanana na zile za dini nyingine: kuota, kupata [[njozi]], [[kutoka nje ya nafsi]] na hata kutazamia kwa kutumia vifaa maalumu vya kubashiria. Lakini polepole hivyo vya mwisho vikaja kulaumiwa, kumbe Neno lenyewe likaja kushika nafasi ya kwanza kuliko dalili za ajabu zinazoweza zikapatikana hata katika vichaa. Kwa kuwa Roho ni wa Bwana tu, akijalia unabii ni kama karama ipitayo: hivyo mtu yuleyule anaweza akasema mara ukweli mara uongo. Vilevile karama hiyo haithibitishi usahihi wa imani na uadilifu wa mhusika. Hatimaye baadhi yao wakaanza kuitwa "[[manabii wa uongo]]", kwa sababu ya kutabiri uongo kwa niaba ya Mungu (kwa makusudi mazima au kwa kujidanganya) na zaidi kwa sababu ya kupotosha imani na maadili ya taifa lake. ===Manabii Eliya na Elisha (865-790 hivi K.K.)=== [[Picha:José de Ribera 031.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Nabii Eliya alivyochorwa na [[José de Ribera]].]] [[Waisraeli]] walielekea [[dini]] za kandokando kwa sababu zilikuwa zinaahidi kufanikisha [[maombi]] yao kwa [[ibada]] za [[hakika]], wakati [[Mungu]] ana [[hiari]] ya kupokea au kukataa [[sadaka]] zao. Waisraeli walijaribu kufuata pande zote mbili kwa pamoja, ila Mungu hakuweza kukubali, kwa kuwa ni peke yake tu. [[Imani]] yao iliyumba hasa wakati mfalme Ahabu alipotawala Kaskazini (869-850 hivi K.K.), ambapo [[Yezebeli]], [[mke]] wake, alifanya [[juhudi]] kubwa za kuikomesha kabisa imani yao kwa YHWH ili wamuabudu Baali, mungu mkuu wa kwao aliyehusika na [[mvua]], kufuatana na sanamu mbili zilizotengenezwa na Yeroboamu I zikiwa na sura ileile ya Baali (fahali wa dhahabu). Mezani pa malkia huyo walikuwa wanalishwa manabii wa uongo 850 kumbe manabii wa Bwana waliuawa karibu wote. Hapo Mungu akamtuma Eliya (1Fal 17-18) ambaye [[jina]] lake lina maana ya kwamba, “Mungu wangu ni YHWH” na linajumlisha [[kazi]] yake ya kutetea kwa [[ari]] zote imani ya kweli hata akaiokoa. Ili kuondoa [[utata]] wa kuabudu pande mbili, Eliya kwanza alizuia mvua isinyeshe nchini miaka mitatu na nusu, ibada kwa Baali zisifanikiwe hata kidogo, halafu akashindana na manabii hao [[hadhara]] ya Israeli yote juu ya [[mlima Karmeli]]. Tofauti na [[mbinu]] za manabii 450 wa Baali, waliofikia kujichanja na kutoka [[damu]] ili kuvuta [[moto]] kutoka [[mbinguni]] wasifaulu, Eliya aliomba tu kwa [[unyofu]] kwamba Mungu ajitokeze ili kugeuza mioyo ya watu wake wamrudie. Kwa kuteremsha moto toka mbinguni juu ya sadaka yake YHWH alithibitisha kuwa ndiye Mungu pekee na kuwa anaendelea kuwaokoa watu wake. Baada ya Eliya kuwachinja wote aliruhusu mvua inyeshe tena. Ndiyo sababu anasifika kwa nguvu ya sala yake (Yak 5:17-18). Hasa ni kwamba, baada ya kukimbia [[hasira]] ya Yezebeli aliyemuapia atamuua kabla ya [[kesho]] yake, akisali [[pango]]ni juu ya mlima Sinai kama Musa mwanzoni mwa agano la Israeli na [[Bwana]], alijaliwa kutokewa na kuagizwa upya na Mungu katika sauti ndogo ya upepo mtulivu akamilishe kazi yake hasa kwa kuwafanya [[Elisha]] nabii na [[Yehu]] mfalme (1Fal 19:1-18). Hata katika Yesu kugeuka sura mlimani akatokea pamoja na Musa ili wamshuhudie kama wawakilishi wa Torati na Manabii (Mk 9:2-13). Kwa jinsi alivyofanya kazi kwa ari, na kwa kupalizwa juu ya gari la moto (2Fal 2:1-18) akalinganishwa na moto (YbS 48:1-11) akatabiriwa atarudi kabla ya siku ya Bwana (Mal 3:23-24). Ndiyo sababu Injili zinamtaja mara nyingi. [[Image:ElishaRaisingShunammitesSon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Elisha akimfufua mtoto wa mwanamke [[Mshunami]] katika mchoro wa mwanzo wa [[karne ya 20]].]] Kwa miaka zaidi ya 50 kazi yake iliendelezwa na Elisha, ambaye anasifika pia kwa miujiza yake (YbS 48:12-16) na pamoja na mwalimu wake amechukuliwa na Yesu kama mfano wa unabii wake utakaowaokoa mataifa baada ya Israeli kumkataa (Lk 4:24-27). Elisha alijihusisha sana na [[siasa]] akaombwa [[shauri]] na wafalme mbalimbali hata wa [[nchi za nje]]. Kwa kumpaka [[mafuta]] Yehu alianzisha [[mapinduzi]] dhidi ya [[ukoo]] wa Ahabu na kukomesha [[upotoshaji]] wake wa imani. Mapinduzi hayo yakaenea [[kusini]] kwa kumuua [[Atalia]], dada (au binti) wa Ahabu, aliyetawala miaka saba kisha kuua watu wote wa ukoo wa [[Daudi]] ([[mtoto]] [[Yoashi]] tu alinusurika). ===Nabii [[Amosi]] (786-746 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Prophet Amos (89471482).jpg|thumb|left|Nabii Amosi kadiri ya Gustave Doré.]] [[Mungu]] aliendelea kukazania [[ufalme wa kaskazini]] kabla haujaangamizwa kabisa: [[tahadhari]] kabla ya [[hatari]]. Ndiyo sababu alimtuma huko Amosi kutoka [[ufalme wa kusini]], alipokuwa [[mfugaji]] karibu na [[jangwa]]. Amosi aliona [[maendeleo]] makubwa ya [[kaskazini]] chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Yeroboamu II]], lakini hakudanganywa nayo, bali alitabiri yatakoma mapema. Aliona [[Waisraeli]] wanaoshika [[sabato]] na [[ibada]] mbalimbali, lakini wananyanyasa wenzao [[maskini]]: hapo akapiga [[kelele]] kudai kwanza [[haki]] itiririke kama [[maji]] ya [[mto]] ili ibada ziwe na maana. Hatimaye alikatazwa asiendelee kuhubiri, pia kwa sababu alikuwa mtu wa kusini, hivyo walifikiri anasema kwa [[kijicho]] tu. Tofauti na [[Eliya]] na [[Elisha]] wasioacha maandishi, nabii huyo ana kitabu chenye mafundisho yake aliyoyatoa Kaskazini ingawa alikuwa mtu wa Kusini. Hakutarajia kutumwa na Mungu, ila ilimbidi akubali kutabiri kwa niaba yake (7:10-17), hasa kuwa Israeli itaangamizwa na kutekwa na Waashuru utumwani kwa makosa dhidi ya imani na ya haki pamoja na anasa (5-6). Waisraeli wakakataa maneno yake hata wakatendwa alivyowatabiria (2Fal 17:5-23). ===Nabii Hosea (750-725 hivi K.K.)=== [[Image:Hosea.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Picha]] ya nabii Hosea ya [[karne ya 18]], [[monasteri]] ya [[Kizhi]], [[Karelia]], [[Russia]].]] Muda mfupi baada ya [[Amosi]], nabii Hosea alianza kazi yake katika ufalme wa kaskazini pia, akaweza kuendelea nayo kwa muda mrefu akiwa [[mwenyeji.]] Yeye hakufundisha kwa maneno tu, bali hasa kwa [[maisha]] yake: mtindo wa kufikirisha kwa matendo ya kushangaza ulitumiwa na manabii wengi, hata na Yesu. Aliitwa kuoa [[kahaba]] ili awaonyeshe Waisraeli katika matatizo ya [[ndoa]] yake jinsi [[Mungu]] alivyopenda [[taifa]] hilo ingawa linapenda kufuata miungu mingine badala ya kuwa aminifu kwake tu. Kwa mfano hai wa Hosea, Mungu alitaka waelewe kwamba kwa kuwapenda na pengine kuwaadhibu analenga tu hatimaye wampende kwa [[moyo]] wote. Sura 1-3 zinasimulia Hosea alivyompenda mke wake aliyemzalia watoto wa [[uzinzi]], hata hivyo akaendelea kumpenda na kumtafuta hata baada ya kumfukuza, akamkomboa na kumrudisha ili ambembeleze zaidi na hatimaye amfanye amrudishie [[upendo]] kama wakati wa [[uchumba]]. Hivyo [[adhabu]] yenyewe ilitokana na upendo na kulenga [[umoja]] wa [[dhati]]. Hata Mungu, baada ya kuacha Israeli ishindwe na [[Waashuru]], ataendelea na upendo wake kwa wenzao wa kusini, akiwabakiza kama [[mbegu]] (ndio “mabaki ya Israeli” yaliyozungumziwa kwanza na Amosi): mpango wa [[Bwana]] unapitia [[hatua]] mbalimbali lakini haukatiki kamwe. Mfano huo wa upendo wa Mungu kwa [[bibiarusi]] asiye mwaminifu uligusa sana watu ukazidi kuzingatiwa mpaka katika [[Agano Jipya]] na kuchangia [[uimara]] wa ndoa iliyofikiriwa upya kama upendo mwaminifu, si kama [[uhusiano]] wa kisheria au wa kimwili tu ambao udumu mpaka utakapoendelea kuleta [[faida]]. Zaidi ya hayo, uliwaelekeza Waisraeli kupokea [[fundisho]] la Yesu kwamba [[dini]] ni [[suala]] la upendo, si ibada wala [[sheria]] tu. ===Nabii Isaya (740-700 hivi K.K.)=== [[Image:Isaiah (Bible Card).jpg|250px|left|''Nabii Isaya'' alivyochorwa mwaka [[1904]] hivi.]] Wakati wa [[Hosea]] kufanya [[unabii]] kaskazini, Mungu aliita wengine kusini; kati yao muhimu zaidi ni Isaya, [[kuhani]] wa [[Yerusalemu]] mwenye [[elimu]] nzuri ambayealizaliwa Kusini mwaka 765 hivi, akatabiri kwa muda usiopungua miaka 40 akiingilia kati matukio yote ya siasa, ambayo yalikuwa ya kutisha kutokana na nguvu za [[Waashuru]] ambao waliangamiza Israeli na kukaribia kufuta hata ufalme wa Kusini. Maandishi yake yanapendeza kuliko yote, hasa upande wa ushairi. Lakini ukuu wa [[Isaya]] uko hasa upande wa imani. Kuanzia [[wito]] wake alioupata hekaluni, alipong’amua kwamba Mungu ni mtakatifu kabisa, yaani tofauti mno na yeyote na chochote (6), alitawaliwa na wazo la [[utukufu]] wa Mungu na la [[unyonge]] wa binadamu anayehitaji kutakaswa naye. Kwa msingi huo alidai wafalme na wananchi wote wa Yuda wamtegemee Mungu tu, si mataifa yenye nguvu, hata upande wa [[siasa]] na mbele ya [[hatari]] kubwa namna gani. Lakini toka mwanzo aliambiwa hatasikilizwa, hivyo ikambidi atabiri [[adhabu]]. Kweli hali haikuwa [[shwari]], ndiyo sababu wengi walishindwa kuamini na kutulia, wakaendelea kujifanyia mipango na kutafuta [[msaada]] kutoka kwa [[binadamu]], hasa [[Farao]] wa [[Misri]]. Hapo Mungu alimuagiza Isaya atembee [[uchi]] mwaka mmoja unusu ili kudokeza kuwa Wamisri watafanywa [[watumwa]] wa [[Waashuru]] wasiweze kusaidia kitu (20:1-6). Katika kutuliza watu alimtabiria [[mfalme]] [[Ahazi]] kwamba [[mwanamwali]] atamzaa [[mtoto]] wa kiume atakayethibitisha uwepo wa Mungu pamoja na watu wake, [[jina]] lake [[Emanueli]] linavyomaanisha. (7:1-17) Kweli [[mke]] wa Ahazi alimzaa [[Hezekia]] atakayeendeleza [[ufalme]] wa [[ukoo]] wa [[Daudi]], lakini [[utabiri]] huo ulimlenga zaidi [[Yesu]], [[mwana]] wa [[Bikira]] (walivyoelewa watafsiri wa kwanza wa [[Biblia]] katika [[Kigiriki]]) ambaye kweli ni Mungu pamoja nasi, na ni mwana wa Daudi ambaye atatawala [[milele]] kwa amani na haki (11:1-9). Hivyo, pamoja na adhabu kwa [[utovu]] wao wa imani (22:1-14), Isaya aliwatabiria watu wa [[Yuda]] kuwa Mungu hataangamiza kabisa taifa lake, bali ataacha mabaki yake ambayo yataleta wokovu (10:20-23): katika mabaki hayo Bikira atamzaa Masiya ambaye ni Mungu pamoja nasi, mwana wa Daudi ambaye ataleta amani na haki duniani. Nafasi ya mwisho kwa Isaya kutuliza watu ilikuwa mwaka [[701 K.K.]] ambapo [[jeshi]] kubwa la Waashuru lilizingira Yerusalemu na kutamka maneno ya kumkufuru Mungu. Isaya aliwarudishia jibu la [[dharau]], nao kweli wakakimbia haraka baada ya kupatwa na [[tauni]]. Isaya ni maarufu pia kwa ubora wa ma[[shairi]] yake yaliyofanya ujumbe wake upendeze na uguse zaidi. Kwa sababu hiyo wengi walipenda kuyakariri na kuyasoma na hata kuiga mtindo wake: ndiyo maana kitabu chake kiliongezewa maandishi mengine mengi mpaka miaka mingi baada ya mwenyewe [[kifodini|kuuawa]] kwa kukatwa kwa [[msumeno]]. ===Nabii Mika (740-700 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Micha.jpg|thumb|280px|Nabii Mika kadiri ya [[Gustave Doré]].]] Wakati mmoja na Isaya alifanya kazi [[nabii Mika]] ambaye pia alitetea haki za wanyonge (2:1-11) na kutabiri adhabu. Vilevile alitabiri juu ya [[Masiya]] kwamba atazaliwa Bethlehemu (5:1-3). Baada ya hapo hatujui vizuri kilichoendelea kwa miaka 60: au Mungu hakutuma manabii kwa sababu [[maangamizi]] ya ufalme wa kaskazini yameshatokea na yale ya kusini yako bado mbali, au mfalme [[Manase]] aliyetawala karibu miaka 50 aliwaua wote akitaka watu wake wafuate dini ya Waashuru ili kuwapendeza mabwana hao. Kumbe chini ya [[mjukuu]] wake, mfalme mwema [[Yosia]], manabii wakatokea tena mfululizo kabla ya maangamizi ya Yerusalemu yaliyochangiwa na watoto wake ambao hawakufaa kitu hata wakasababisha ukoo wa Daudi kukoma kutawala ([[586 K.K.]]). ===Nabii [[Sefania]] (640-625 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Sophonie s'adressant au peuple.jpg|thumb|left|Sefania akiwahubiria watu (mchoro wa huko [[Ufaransa]], [[karne ya 16]].]] Mtu huyo wa Yerusalemu alihubiri kwa nguvu mwanzoni mwa ufalme wa Yosia, kabla huyo hajaanza urekebisho wake wa kidini uliofuata kuvumbua hekaluni maandiko ya Kumbukumbu ya Sheria. Pamoja na kutisha kwa matabiri yake, aliahidi wokovu kwa mabaki ya Israeli, akisema watakuwa watu maskini na walionewa (3:9-20). Ndio mwanzo wa imani ya kuwa wapenzi wa Mungu ni hasa mafukara, ambayo taratibu ilitia mizizi katika Israeli hadi ilipokuja kukaziwa na Yesu (Lk 6:20-21). ===Nabii Yeremia (626-585 hivi K.K.)=== [[File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Jeremia treurend over de verwoesting van Jeruzalem - Google Art Project.jpg|250px|right|thumbnail|Mchoro wa [[Rembrandt van Rijn]], "Yeremia Akililia Maangamizi ya Yerusalemu", mwaka [[1630]] hivi.]] Akiwa bado [[kijana]], [[kuhani]] huyo mpole aliitwa na Mungu awe [[nabii]] katika kipindi cha [[misukosuko]] huko [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambapo [[Wakaldayo]] wa [[Babeli]] waliwashinda [[Waashuru]] na kueneza [[utawala]] wao hadi kuteketeza [[Yerusalemu]] na [[hekalu]] lake. Katikati ya matukio hayo yote, Yeremia alipewa kazi ngumu ya kuonya na kutisha watu wa [[ufalme wa Yuda]] kwa kutabiri maangamizi hayo ili wamrudie kweli Mungu wasipatwe na [[adhabu]] kali kama wenzao wa [[kaskazini]]. Lakini wao hawakuwa tayari kufanya hivyo, wakijiamini hawatakoma kwa kuwa, tofauti na hao, wanatawaliwa na [[ukoo]] halali wa [[Daudi]] ulioahidiwa kudumu [[milele]], tena wanatunza hekalu pekee la Mungu na [[sanduku la agano]] analokalia. Walidanganywa na ma[[nabii wa uongo]] waamini hivyo, kumbe walitakiwa kujirekebisha na kufuata kweli masharti ya [[agano]] lenyewe. Hivyo Yeremia alilazimika kupambana na wote: wafalme, makuhani na manabii wenzake, [[ndugu]] wa ukoo wake na wananchi kwa jumla. Ilimbidi ashindane nao kinyume cha [[silika]] yake ya [[upole]] iliyomfanya apende kuelewana na watu. [[Upweke]] wake ulizidiwa na [[useja]] alioitiwa na Mungu ili aonye hata kwa njia hiyo kwamba mambo yajayo ni magumu na ya kutisha hata iwe afadhali kutozaa watoto. Katika miaka yote 40 na zaidi ya [[unabii]] wake kipindi kizuri ni miaka ile 13 tu ([[622 K.K.|622]] - [[609 K.K.]]) ambapo [[Yosia]] alifanya urekebisho wa kidini kuanzia Yerusalemu hadi kwa mabaki ya [[Waisraeli]] wa kaskazini, akizuia wote wasiabudu miungu mingine wala wasimtolee Mungu [[sadaka]] nje ya [[hekalu la Yerusalemu]]. Kipindi hicho mji mkuu wa Ashuru uliangamizwa alivyotabiri kwa furaha Nahumu (612 hivi K.K.). Lakini Yosia alipokufa [[vita]]ni kabla ya wakati mambo yakaharibika haraka sana, kwa sababu urekebisho ulitokana zaidi na [[juhudi]] zake binafsi. Basi, ikambidi Yeremia awakaripie wafalme waliomrithi mmoja baada ya mwingine waache [[siasa]] yao ili kumtegemea Mungu tu. Aliwakaripia pia wananchi wasifanye dini kisingizio cha kuendelea na maovu badala ya kutubu (7:1-15; 19:1-13). Aliwakaripia vilevile manabii wa uongo waliotumainisha watu bure (20:1-6). Ndipo alipoanza kupigwa, kufungwa na kuhukumiwa, akawa mfano wa Yesu, yeye ambaye peke yake katika Agano la Kale aliishi bila ya ndoa kwa agizo la Mungu; lakini hakuuawa (26:1-19). Kwa hofu akajificha, ila hakuacha kutabiri maangamizi kwa maandishi kwa njia ya karani wake [[Baruku]] (36). Basi, mfalme [[Nabukadreza II]] wa Babeli akazidi kuwa na nguvu: mwaka 602 K.K. akamtiisha mfalme [[Yehoyakimu]] wa Yuda, na mwaka 598 K.K. akazingira Yerusalemu akawahamishia Babeli mfalme [[Yekonia]] na viongozi wengine 8000. Hapo Yeremia akawaandikia wasikate tamaa ila wasitarajie kurudi upesi kwa kuwa watabaki uhamishoni miaka 70 (29:4-23). Lakini katika mpango wa Mungu hao ndio wa kutegemewa, sio walioachwa Yerusalemu (24). Nabukadreza alipohusuru mji huo mara ya pili, mfalme na viongozi wengine walikataa shauri la Yeremia la kusalimu amri, wakamfunga pabaya sana mpaka siku ya Yerusalemu kutekwa na kuteketezwa (37-38). Yeye alishuhudia hayo yote kwa [[huzuni]] kubwa na kati ya [[dhuluma]] nyingi hata akamlalamikia sana Mungu kwa kumuumba awe mtu wa [[mateso]]. Toka mwanzo alitaka kukataa [[wito]] wa [[unabii]], na baadaye akafikia hatua ya kukata tamaa. Lakini Mungu alimuita kwa mpango wa milele, Yeremia asiweze kukataa (15:10-21; 20:7-18). [[Unyofu]] wa maneno yake katika [[sala]] ([[Maungamo ya Yeremia]]) unatuwezesha kumfahamu mpaka ndani kuliko mtu yeyote wa [[Agano la Kale]]. Lakini mateso hayo hayakuwa bure, bali kwa njia yake alizidi kuelewa [[dini]] kama [[suala]] la [[moyo]]. Ni hivyo kwamba aliona agano lililoandikwa katika [[mbao]] za mawe limeshindikana, na [[tohara]] inayohitajika ni ile ya ma[[sikio]] na moyo. Basi, kwa kutambua [[uaminifu]] wa Mungu, alitabiri agano litakaloandikwa katika mioyo ya watu, ambao hapo wataweza kulishika na kumfahamu kweli [[Bwana]]. Kwa kawaida Yeremia alitabiri kinyume cha matazamio madanganyifu ya watu, lakini walipokata tamaa akawatuliza na kutabiri heri. Basi, [[kilele]] cha mafundisho yake na ya [[Agano la Kale]] lote ni kwamba Mungu atafunga na Israeli yote Agano Jipya (31:31-34). Baada ya Yerusalemu kuteketezwa (587 K.K.) Yeremia alichagua kubaki nchini pamoja na mafukara badala ya kuhamia Babeli kwa [[heshima]] ya pekee (39:8-40:6), ila ukatokea uasi akalazimishwa na Waisraeli wenzake kuwafuata Misri: huko akawaonya wasifuate Upagani lakini wakakataa tena kumsikiliza (42-44). Hatimaye, kadiri ya [[mapokeo]] ya [[Wayahudi]], [[kifodini|akauawa]] nao huko. Ingawa alionekana kufeli kabisa, [[sadaka]] yake ilizidi kuzaa, kwa kuwa wengi walizingatia mafundisho yake bora. Kama nyongeza ya kitabu cha Yeremia tuna [[Maombolezo (Biblia)|Maombolezo]] matano juu ya Yerusalemu ulioteketezwa, ambamo inaonekana toba halisi baada ya tukio hilo. Hatujui yametungwa na nani. ===Nabii Habakuki (600 hivi K.K.)=== [[Image:Zuccone Donatello OPA Florence.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Sanamu ya Habakuki]] iliyotengenezwa na [[Donatello]], [[Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)|Museo dell'Opera del Duomo]], [[Florence]].]] Wakati huo aliishi pia [[Habakuki]], aliyeandika kitabu kifupi ambamo alithubutu kumuuliza Mungu kwa nini anaadhibu Israeli vikali hivyo kwa mikono ya watu wabaya kuliko wao. Jibu ni kwamba Mungu ana njia zake ambazo anaandaa ushindi wa haki: hivyo mwadilifu ataishi kwa imani yake (1:12-2:4). Usemi huo ukaja kutumika sana katika Agano Jipya. ===Nabii Ezekieli (592-570 hivi K.K.)=== [[Image:0 Le Prophète Ézéchiel - P.P. Rubens - Louvre (IN V 20231).JPG|thumb|right|'''Ezekieli''', alivyochorwa na [[Pierre Paul Rubens]] ([[1609]]-[[1610]]), [[Musée du Louvre]], [[Paris]].]] Polepole waliohamishiwa Babeli waliweza kujitafutia kazi (kwanza kilimo, halafu biashara), wakafaulu sana, hata wengine wakawa watumishi wa serikali. Lakini upande wa dini walikuwa hatarini, kwa sababu imani ya Mwisraeli inategemea taifa, nchi na hekalu ambavyo vyote vilikuwa vimeharibika. Kwa ajili yao Mungu akatuma tena manabii, hasa [[Ezekieli]] ambaye alihamishwa mapema mwaka [[598 K.K.]]. Habari zake tunazipata katika [[kitabu]] chake tu, anapotajwa kwa jina mara tatu, kumbe kwa kawaida [[Mungu]] anamuita “[[binadamu]]”. Kabla hajahamishwa aliweza kumfahamu [[Yeremia]], na kweli aliathiriwa na ujumbe wake ambao aliuunga mkono na kuuendeleza. Alifanya [[unabii]] wake hukohuko [[uhamisho]]ni, ingawa [[ujumbe]] wake uliwalenga waliobaki [[Yuda]] pia. Kwanza aliwatolea maneno ya hukumu ili [[toba|watubu]] kabla hawajaangamia, lakini baadaye akawapa maneno ya [[faraja]] wasikate tamaa. Katika kuwahakikishia kuwa wataanza upya nchini kwao aliwapa maelekezo yote kwa ajili hiyo. Kwa namna ya pekee, akiwa kuhani, kama vile Yeremia, katika kitabu chake alishughulika sana na hekalu na mambo ya ibada. Upande mwingine alianzisha mtindo mpya wa unabii ambao unaitwa wa Kiapokaliptiko (kilele chake ni [[Ufunuo wa Yohane]]) na ambao hauhusu tena matukio madogomadogo ya siasa, bali kwa [[njozi]] za ajabuajabu unaonyesha maana ya [[historia]] yote mpaka mwisho. [[Njozi]] 4 anazozisimulia kinaganaga na zisizosahaulika ([[utukufu]] wa Mungu kuhama [[hekalu]], utukufu huo kurudi hekaluni, hekalu kutokwa na [[maji]] yenye uwezo wa kuponya hata [[Bahari ya Kifo]], hatimaye mifupa mikavu kusimama na kuishi tena) zinachukua nafasi kubwa katika kitabu chake na kwa mafumbo yake yanavutia [[ubunifu]] wetu ujitahidi kuelewa yaliyofichika katika mifano, [[tarakimu]], [[rangi]] n.k. [[Dini ya Kiyahudi]] mpaka leo inategemea sana [[kazi]] aliyoifanya Ezekieli ya kukazia utekelezaji wa [[Torati]] hata pasipo [[uhuru wa kisiasa]]. Muhimu kwake ni kwamba Wayahudi popote walipo wamtukuze Mungu kwa kufuata [[sheria]] yake. Tena alitabiri kuwa Mungu tu atawawezesha kufanya hivyo kwa kugeuza mioyo yao migumu kama mawe yadunde kama ile ya [[nyama]], au vizuri zaidi kwa kuwatia [[moyo]] mpya na [[roho]] mpya wazishike [[amri]] zake (11:17-20; 36:26). Mungu atawaokoa kabla hawajatubu ili jina lake litukuzwe katika watu wake: wokovu anaouleta hautegemei matendo mema ya binadamu, bali muungano wa Mungu na wale walioitwa kwa jina lake (16:58-63). Hakuna kitabu kinachosisitiza utukufu wa Mungu kuliko hicho. ===Isaya II na III (550-500 K.K. hivi)=== Ingawa [[Ezekieli]] alifanya kazi nzuri, waliokuwa [[uhamisho]]ni waliendelea kuzoea na kufurahia [[mazingira]] mapya yenye [[ustawi]] wa kiuchumi wakazidi kupotewa na [[hamu]] na [[tumaini]] la kurudi [[Yerusalemu]]. Ndiyo sababu [[Mungu]] aliwatumia [[nabii]] mwingine mkubwa: hatujui [[jina]] lake, lakini tunamuita [[Isaya II]] kwa kuwa alifuata [[mapokeo]] ya [[Isaya]] na kulingana naye kwa [[ufasaha]] wa ma[[shairi]] aliyoyatumia kutolea [[ujumbe]] wake; hivyo maandiko yake yamepangwa katika [[kitabu cha Isaya]] (40-55). Sehemu hiyo inaitwa pia [[kitabu]] cha [[faraja]] ya [[Israeli]] kwa sababu ililenga kuwatia moyo [[Wayahudi]] wenzake huko [[Babeli]] kwamba Mungu atawarudisha kwao akitumia kama chombo chake [[mfalme]] [[Mpagani]], kwa kuwa yeye anatawala watu wote pamoja na mioyo yao (Is 40:1-11). Hivyo akawafanya watamani kurudi badala ya kukwama katika kujitafutia [[maendeleo]] ya kidunia. Kwa [[uchangamfu]] wa hali ya juu Isaya II alitabiri [[ukombozi]] na [[mwanzo]] mpya wa [[taifa]] kama [[ajabu]] kubwa kuliko lile la ma[[babu]] wao kutoka [[Misri]] chini ya [[Musa]]. Alilifananisha na [[uumbaji]] mpya utakaowezekana kwa sababu Mungu wa Israeli si mmoja kati ya wengi, [[dhana|walivyodhani]] kwa muda mrefu, bali kweli ni peke yake, hakuna mwingine: ndiyo sababu anaweza yote. [[Imani]] hiyo ilizidi kutia mizizi kati ya Wayahudi na kuwaimarisha dhidi ya [[kishawishi]] cha kuabudu wengine. Pamoja na hayo, katika[[sura]] hizo mna mashairi manne bora kuhusu [[mtumishi mteswa]] wa [[Bwana]] ambayo ndiyo [[utabiri]] bora juu ya [[Yesu]] na juu ya [[wokovu]] atakaoleta kwa kuteseka mwenyewe ili [[fidia|kufidia]] [[dhambi]] za wote (42:1-4; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; 52:13-53:12). Hatimaye Isaya II ndiye aliyeandaa dini ya Kiyahudi kupokea mataifa yote. Isaya 56 66 ni sura za baadaye tena ([[Isaya III]], mwaka [[500 KK|500]] hivi [[K.K.]]) ambazo zinawakaribisha watu wa mataifa yote kujiunga na [[Israeli]] katika kumuabudu Mungu pekee. Kiini chake ni 61:1-3. ===Wayahudi kuanza upya Yerusalemu chini ya Waajemi (538-333 K.K.)=== [[File:Cyrus II le Grand et les Hébreux.jpg|thumb|right|Koreshi Mkuu akiruhusu Wayahudi kurudi Yerusalemu kutoka Babuloni ([[mchoro mdogo]] wa [[Jean Fouquet]], [[1470]]-[[1475]] hivi).]] Utabiri wa Isaya II ulitimia mwaka 538 K.K. ambapo mfalme [[Koreshi Mkuu]] wa [[Uajemi]], mwaka mmoja baada ya kuteka Babeli, aliwaruhusu Wayahudi warudi [[Yerusalemu]] pamoja na vitu vilivyotekwa nyara toka hekalu lake ili kuvijenga upya. Wengi hawakukubali kwa sababu walilinganisha [[mazingira]] hayo tofauti. Waliorudi walikuwa kama [[elfu]] tano tu na [[familia]] zao, lakini wote wenye [[imani]] na [[nia]] thabiti, wakiwemo ma[[kuhani]] na [[Walawi]] wengi waliorithi katika [[ukoo]] wao [[upendo]] kwa [[ibada]] za [[hekalu]]ni. Kama [[kawaida]], imani yao ilitakiwa kupitia ma[[jaribu]] mbalimbali, kuanzia mazingira magumu, kwa sababu [[hali]] waliyoikuta ilikuwa mbaya kuliko ile ya kabla ya [[uhamisho]]: ma[[jengo]] na ma[[shamba]] yalikuwa yameharibika kwa kukaa miaka 48 bila ya watu, tena ma[[kabila]] ya jirani hawakupenda [[Wayahudi]] warudi, hivyo waliwazuia kwa namna mbalimbali. [[Wasamaria]], mchanganyiko wa mabaki ya [[Israeli]] kaskazini na watu wa mataifa walioletwa na [[Waashuru]] waishi nao, walitaka kusaidia [[ujenzi]] wa hekalu, lakini walipokataliwa wakawa ma[[adui]] moja kwa moja. Hata hivyo utabiri ulitimia, na kwa [[msaada]] wa [[Mungu]] kupitia watu wake mbalimbali, kuanzia ma[[nabii]] [[Nabii Hagai|Hagai]] na [[Nabii Zekaria|Zekaria]], kundi hilo dogo likawa mwanzo mpya wa taifa la Mungu: walimuabudu kwa bidii katika hekalu jipya ingawa dogo ([[Ezra]] 3:10-13), walijipatia usalama kwa kujenga tena kuta za Yerusalemu ([[Neh]] 4:13-23; 12:27) na walijitenga kabisa na Wapagani: waliokuwa wameoa wake wa kigeni walilazimishwa kuwafukuza pamoja na watoto waliowazaa kwa njia yao (Ezra 9-10; Neh 9-10). [[File:108.Nehemiah Views the Ruins of Jerusalem's Walls.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gustave Doré]], ''Nehemia Akikagua Magofu ya Ngome ya Yerusalemu'', [[1866]].]] Habari hizo zinapatikana hasa katika vitabu vya [[Ezra]] na [[Nehemia]], mfululizo wa vile vya [[Mambo ya Nyakati]]. Waandishi wa vitabu hivyo vinne waliishi miaka mia hivi baada ya matukio: ndiyo sababu waliweza wakachanganya habari za hao watu wawili ambao walifanya juhudi mpya tena kali, wa kwanza upande wa dini, wa pili upande wa siasa, labda kwa nyakati tofauti. Nehemia alipokuwa liwali wa mkoa wa Yuda wakazi walikuwa hamsini elfu tu, na eneo lao lilikuwa dogo sana. Kuhani Ezra anasifiwa zaidi kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika kulipatia taifa teule sura ya kudumu, kama watu wanaoambatana kabisa na Torati, ambayo toleo lake la mwisho lilipitishwa na mfalme wa Uajemi wakati huo kuwa sheria kuu ya Wayahudi (Ezra 7:1-28). Hivyo dini yao ikawa “[[dini ya kitabu]]” hata leo. ===Manabii wa mwisho wa Agano la Kale=== Katika [[karne]] mbili za [[utawala]] wa [[Waajemi]] [[unabii]] ulizidi kufifia ukiacha nafasi kwa aina nyingine za [[uongozi wa kiroho]]: wataalamu wa [[Torati]] na watu wenye [[hekima]] waliotunga vitabu kwa [[uvuvio]] wa [[Mungu]] bila ya kupatwa na [[hali]] za pekee kama manabii. Manabii wa mwisho walikuwa Hagai, Zekaria, mwandishi wa [[Kitabu cha Malaki]], [[nabii Obadia|Obadia]], na [[Nabii Yoeli|Yoeli]], mbali na wengine ambao hatuwafahamu, lakini walihakiki na kuchangia vitabu vya manabii waliotangulia. Mwaka [[520 K.K.]] Hagai alihimiza ujenzi wa hekalu jipya kama njia ya kujipatia baraka za Mungu katika hali ngumu ya miaka ya kwanza baada ya kurudi Yerusalemu (1:3-11). Hasa alitabiri kuwa [[siku]] za mbele [[utukufu]] wa hekalu hilo utakuwa mkubwa kuliko ule wa hekalu la [[Solomoni]]: ikawa hivyo kwa sababu ya [[upanuzi]] na [[urembaji]] ulioanza chini ya [[Herode Mkuu]], lakini zaidi kwa sababu [[Yesu]] alilitakasa na kufundisha humo na hatimaye [[mwili]] wake mtukufu ukashika nafasi yake. Wakati huohuo Zekaria naye alitamani ujenzi huo lakini pamoja na toba ili [[ibada]] na ma[[kuhani]] wampendeze Mungu (1:3-6). Baada ya kumaliza ujenzi wa hekalu ([[515 K.K.]]), taratibu za ibada ziliendelea moja kwa moja, lakini [[tarajio]] la wengi la kuona mapema [[taifa la Mungu]] lina hali tukufu halikutimia. Hivyo ilitokea tena hali ya [[kukata tamaa]] iliyowafanya makuhani na [[Wayahudi]] kwa jumla wamtumikie kwa [[uzembe]]. Ndipo alipotumwa nabii Malaki kukaripia makosa yao katika kumuabudu, akijibu [[hoja]] zao na kutabiri ujio wa mjumbe wa Agano na wa mjumbe mwingine atakayemuandalia njia; hapo maadili na ibada vitaratibishwa tena (3:1-5) na kila mahali itatolewa sadaka safi kwa Mungu (1:11). Katika wajumbe hao wawili Wakristo waliwatambua kwa urahisi Yesu na [[Yohane Mbatizaji]]. Baada ya kazi za [[Ezra]] na [[Nehemia]], [[nabii Obadia]] aliishia kutangaza kifupi adhabu ya Mungu kwa [[Waedomu]], [[kielelezo]] cha maadui wa taifa la Mungu, siku yake itakapofika. Muhimu zaidi ni [[unabii]] wa Yoeli aliyetangaza vivyo hivyo [[siku ya Bwana]] akichukua [[mfano]] hai wa [[uvamizi]] wa [[nzige]] wengi uliolazimisha Wayahudi wote kufanya [[toba]], lakini alitabiri pia mmiminiko wa Roho wa [[Bwana]] juu ya watu wake wa kila aina (2:28-32) alivyoomba [[Musa]] na utakavyowatokea wanafunzi wa Yesu siku ya [[Pentekoste]] (Mdo 2:16-21). Hivyo [[tapo]] la unabii kabla halijakoma lilitabiri kipindi kingine cha unabii chenye kustawi kuliko cha awali. ===Vitabu vya Hekima vya kwanza=== Pengine ni wakati wa [[Waajemi]] kwamba, baada ya muda mrefu wa [[mapokeo ya sauti]], vilianza kuandikwa [[vitabu vya hekima]] ([[Kitabu cha Methali]], [[Kitabu cha Ayubu]]) na vinginevyo ([[Wimbo Ulio Bora]], [[Zaburi]] nyingi). Wenye [[hekima]] ni watu wanaopatikana katika ma[[kabila]] yote, hasa kati ya wazee wenye [[mang’amuzi]] mengi. Toka zamani watu wa namna hiyo walitegemewa kwa [[malezi]] ya vijana ili wajue jinsi ya kukabili vizuri [[maisha]]. Mbali na [[mithali]] na mafundisho yaliyotolewa kwa sauti, baada ya [[uandishi]] kubuniwa hata vitabu vya namna hiyo vilianza kutungwa katika [[lugha]] mbalimbali. [[Waisraeli]] walifaidika na hekima ya [[nchi]] jirani [[ustaarabu|zilizostaarabika]] zaidi, kwa namna ya pekee [[Mesopotamia]] na [[Misri]]. Hasa wakati wa [[amani]] na [[ustawi]] uliopatikana chini ya [[mfalme]] [[Solomoni]], wenye hekima waliweza kujitokeza katika Israeli, kuanzia mwenyewe: ndiyo sababu aliendelea kuchukuliwa kama kielelezo cha hekima. Ingawa vinafanana na vile vya makabila ya jirani, vitabu vya hekima vilivyomo katika [[Biblia]] vinafikiria maisha kwa mwanga wa imani katika Mungu aliye mmoja tu, hasa kwa kuzingatia uzima na kifo, uchungu, mwenendo, heri n.k. Mithali ndicho kitabu cha kwanza cha aina hiyo, hivyo kinatuletea mawazo na maneno ya zamani zaidi na ya kwamba Mungu anamtuza mwadilifu na kumuadhibu mwovu hapa duniani. Mtazamo huo ulianza kupingwa na kitabu cha Ayubu kinakataa mtazamo huo kwa kuonyesha hali halisi, yaani kuwa duniani mara nyingi mwadilifu ndiye anayeteseka; hata hivyo kinasema binadamu hawezi kujua ni kwa nini: basi amuachie Mungu na kumuabudu katika fumbo lake linalozidi [[akili]] yetu (42:1-6). Wimbo ulio Bora haumtaji Mungu wala dini: ulihusu mapenzi ya wachumba, lakini ukaja kufafanuliwa kama mapenzi ya Mungu na Israeli wanaotafutana ili kuungana kabisa. Zaburi, ambazo zilitungwa na kurekebishwa polepole kwa muda unaokaribia miaka elfu, yaani muda ule wote uliotumika kutunga vitabu vingine vyote vya Agano la Kale, ndizo sala za kishairi au nyimbo ambazo katika hali ya sifa, ibada, shukrani na dua zinajumlisha Biblia nzima. ===Uenezi wa utamaduni wa Kiyunani (333-63 K.K.)=== [[File:Ciseri, Antonio - Das Martyrium der sieben Makkabäer - 1863.jpg|240px|thumb|right|Mchoro wa [[Antonio Ciseri]], ''Kifodini cha Watoto Saba'' ([[1863]]), unamuonyesha mama kati ya maiti za watoto wake 7 waliokubali kuuawa kikatili ili wasiasi dini ya Kiyahudi.]] Kwa muda mfupi sana [[Aleksanda Mkuu]] wa [[Makedonia]] ([[Ulaya]] Kusini Mashariki) aliteka [[Asia]] (mpaka [[India]]) na Misri. Kuanzia hapo utamaduni na lugha ya [[Kiyunani]] vikaenea pote, hata kwa Wayahudi wengi, hasa walioishi nje ya nchi yao. Chini ya utawala wa Kiyunani unabii ukaja kwisha (1Mak 9:27): badala yake yalitolewa maandiko ya kiapokaliptiko (hasa [[kitabu cha Danieli]] ambacho ni kama Ufunuo wa Agano la Kale), hadithi ([[Kitabu cha Yona|Yona]], [[Kitabu cha Tobiti|Tobiti]], [[Kitabu cha Esta|Esta]], [[Kitabu cha Yudith|Yudithi]]) na vitabu vingine vya hekima ([[Kitabu cha Mhubiri|Mhubiri]], [[Kitabu cha Yoshua bin Sira|Yoshua bin Sira]], [[Kitabu cha Hekima|Hekima]]). Humo tunaona maendeleo ya ufunuo, hasa kwa sababu Wayahudi wengi walianza kusadiki ufufuko wa wafu na mengineyo. Nguvu ya imani hiyo iliwasaidia kukabili [[dhuluma]] na kifo (2Mak 7:1-41) chini ya [[Antioko Epifane]] (175-164 K.K.) aliyetaka kuwalazimisha waache kufuata Torati ili wajilinganishe na watu wengine. Tena akijidai kuwa tokeo la Mungu Mkuu alijenga altare kwa mungu wake ndani ya hekalu la Yerusalemu. Hapo Wayahudi wakaanza kupigania uhuru wao wa kidini na wa kisiasa chini ya ukoo wa [[Wamakabayo]], ambao kwa imani na ushujaa mkubwa wakafaulu kushinda majeshi ya kutisha (1Mak 3:18-22), kutakasa hekalu (1Mak 4:36-61) na kurudisha ufalme wa Israeli mpaka baada ya [[Warumi]] kuweka Uyahudi chini ya himaya yao (63 K.K.). Habari hizo zinapatikana katika vitabu viwili vya Wamakabayo ambavyo havifuatani kwa kuwa viliandikwa na watu tofauti katika karne II K.K. Matukio hayo ndiyo asili ya kundi la [[Mafarisayo]] (yaani “waliojitenga”), walioshika kwa bidii Torati kadiri ya mapokeo ya walimu wa sheria, wengi wao wakiwa walei. Kwa jumla walileta uamsho wa kiroho kati ya Wayahudi, lakini walidharau wenzao wasiojua Maandiko Matakatifu. Pia walishindana sana na [[Masadukayo]] kuhusu masuala ya dini na ya siasa hata kusababisha mauaji; kwa kuwa Masadukayo (waliokuwa na nguvu kati ya makuhani) walikataa mafundisho hayo mapya huku wakishika Torati tu. Yona ni simulizi lililowahimiza Wayahudi waachane na ukabila kwa sababu Mungu anawahurumia watu wote (3-4). Kitabu cha Tobiti kinachora uadilifu wa Kiyahudi: uaminifu kwa Torati, upendo katika familia, sadaka kwa maskini, heshima kwa marehemu, utakatifu wa ndoa (12:6-22). Vitabu vya Esta na Yudithi vinahadithia ushujaa wa wanawake hao ili kuhimiza msimamo wa kufaa kwa wakati vilipoandikwa ambao ulikuwa mgumu kwa watu wa Mungu (Est 3:13a-g; Yudithi 13:11-20). Mhubiri alisisitiza ubatili wa malimwengu yote (1:1-11) akimuunga mkono mwandishi wa Ayubu: mang’amuzi yanaonyesha matarajio ya kidunia hayana maana (8:10-17). Yoshua bin Sira alikabili pia masuala hayo (15:11-16:23), akituelekeza tutafute jibu katika siku ya mwisho. Kitabu cha Hekima kinakisiwa kuwa cha mwisho kuandikwa katika Agano la Kale kwa kuwa kilitungwa miaka 50 tu K.K. huko Misri katika lugha na utamaduni wa Kiyunani. Kina mpango mzuri sana na kutoa jibu wazi kuhusu suala la haki ya Mungu kwa waadilifu na waovu, kikifundisha uzima wa milele (2:23-3:10) hata kuliko kilivyowahi kufanya kitabu cha Danieli (12:1-4). Mbali na sehemu ya kitabu hicho na ya Esta, vile vyote vilivyoandikwa karne mbili za mwisho K.K. na kutunzwa kwa lugha ya Kiyunani vikaja kukataliwa na Wayahudi katika kubishana na Wakristo waliovitumia (mwaka 80 hivi B.K.), halafu na Waprotestanti wengi. Vinaitwa deuterokanoni (yaani “orodha ya pili”). Baada ya Torati kuzidi kuzingatiwa na Wayahudi, wataalamu wake pia walizidi kuheshimiwa kama watu wa Neno la Mungu, wanaoleta mwanga wake katika maisha ya jamii. Hekima, iliyotafutwa hasa chini ya Wagiriki, ilipotambulika kuwa inapatikana katika Torati, wataalamu hao wakaja kushika nafasi ya watu wa hekima kama vile hao walivyoziba pengo lililoachwa na manabii. Wayahudi walizoea hali hiyo kiasi kwamba wakaona vigumu kumkubali Yesu ambaye hafafanui Torati kwa kufuata mapokeo ya wataalamu, bali kwa kujiamini kama manabii waliojiona wabebaji wa Neno la Mungu. Kweli ndiye Hekima ya milele ambaye ndani yake tunamjua Mungu, hivyo mwenendo wake na mafundisho yake haviwezi kuishia mambo yaliyozoeleka, kwa sababu kila mara ya Mungu yanapindua ya binadamu. La kufanya ni kujitahidi kufuata halafu kuelewa: ndiyo wongofu ambao Yesu aliudai pamoja na imani. ==Agano Jipya== {{Agano Jipya}} ===Mazingira ya Yesu=== [[Image:First century Iudaea province.gif|thumb|Palestina katika [[karne ya 1]] [[BK]].]] Nchi ambayo Yesu alizaliwa akafundisha ni nchi ileile ambayo Mungu aliwaahidia Waisraeli tangu zamani za Abrahamu, ni nchi ileile waliyoiteka chini ya Yoshua, ni nchi ileile waliyoirudia kutoka utumwani Babeli. Lakini wakati wote wa Agano Jipya, yaani tangu Yesu alipozaliwa hadi mwisho wa maisha ya mitume wake, nchi hiyo haikuwa huru, bali chini ya himaya ya Warumi, ingawa pengine hao waliwakabidhi [[vibaraka]], yaani watawala wenyeji waliowekwa na wakoloni. Vibaraka hao ni [[Herode Mkuu]] (37-4 K.K.) na wazawa wake, ambao tena hawakuwa Waisraeli halisi bali [[Waedomu]] ingawa kabila lao lililazimishwa kuingia dini ya Kiyahudi karne iliyotangulia. Ukoo huo unajulikana kwa ukatili, uchu wa madaraka na uzinifu wake. Vilevile maliwali wa Kirumi waliowekwa pengine kutawala nchi au sehemu fulani walionyesha mara nyingi ukatili na dharau kwa Waisraeli na dini yao, hata kusababisha chuki na mapigano kati ya jeshi na wananchi. Mfano mmojawapo ni [[Ponsyo Pilato]] aliyesimamia Uyahudi kuanzia mwaka 26 hadi 36 B.K. Mbali na hayo, utawala wa Roma, ulioenea Ulaya Magharibi na Kusini, [[Afrika]] Kaskazini na nchi za Mashariki ya Kati kupakana na Iraq ya leo, kwa jumla ulihakikisha hali ya amani kwa muda wote wa Agano Jipya na karne za kwanza za Kanisa. Hali hiyo, pamoja na umoja wa dola hilo lote, na urahisi wa mawasiliano kwa njia ya barabara zilizotengenezwa na Warumi, na uenezi wa lugha ya kimataifa (Kiyunani), ilichangia kasi ya uenezaji Injili. Lugha hiyo ndiyo iliyotumiwa na waandishi wote wa Agano Jipya ili vitabu vyao viwafaidishe watu wengi zaidi, ingawa baadhi yao hawakuijua vizuri. Lugha asili ya Yesu na ya Mitume ilikuwa Kiaramu ambacho ni jamii ya Kiyahudi na ambacho polepole kilishika nafasi yake kati ya Wayahudi kuanzia karne VI K.K. Hao wote walitokea mkoa wa [[Galilaya]], uliokuwa na mchanganyiko wa watu (Waisraeli na mataifa), kiasi kwamba huko Wayahudi wenyewe walifuata kwa urahisi desturi za Kiyunani hata wakadharauliwa na wenzao wa Kusini (Yerusalemu na mkoa wa Yudea). Kati ya mikoa hiyo miwili ulienea mkoa wa [[Samaria]] ambao wakazi wake walijenga uadui mkubwa na Wayahudi baada ya uhamisho wa Babeli, walipokataliwa kuchangia ujenzi wa hekalu la pili la Yerusalemu. ===Maisha ya Yesu=== [[Dionisi Mdogo]], [[mmonaki]] aliyeanzisha (mwaka 533 hivi) mtindo wa kuhesabu miaka kuanzia kuzaliwa Yesu kurudi nyuma ([[K.K.]]) au kwenda mbele ([[B.K.]]), alikosea hesabu zake. Leo tunakisia Yesu alizaliwa mwaka 6 hivi K.K. kwa sababu alizaliwa Bethlehemu chini ya Herode Mkuu aliyefariki mwaka 4 K.K. Huyo alipojaribu kumuua mtoto Yesu, familia takatifu ilikimbilia Misri mpaka baada ya kufa kwake. Hapo ikarudi Galilaya hata Yesu akajulikana kwa jina la kijiji cha [[Nazareti]] kilichodharauliwa na Wagalilaya pia. Ndipo alipokulia na kuishi akifanya kazi ya ufundi. [[File:Nazareth, by Fadil Saba 1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Nazareti katika [[kadi]] ya zamani ya Fadil Saba.]] [[Image:Veneto 0036.jpg|thumb|180px|''Yohane Mbaptizaji'' kadiri ya [[Bartolomeo Veneto]], [[karne ya 16]].]] [[File:Dura-europos-paralytic.jpg|thumb|right|Yesu akimponya mtu aliyepooza ni kati ya picha zake za zamani zaidi ([[karne ya 2]]); iko katika [[ukuta]] wa [[sinagogi]] la [[Dura Europos]].]] Mwaka 26 hivi B.K. ndugu yake [[Yohane Mbatizaji]] aliacha maisha ya jangwani na kuanza kuhubiri toba kandokando ya mto Yordani. Kwa kuwa Waisraeli walikosa manabii kwa muda mrefu, na walitamani sana ukombozi, walimuendea kwa wingi hata wakamtia hofu [[Herode Antipa]]. Ingawa huyo akamfunga mapema akamuua, kazi ya Yohane ilikuwa imetimia kwa sababu aliweza kuwaandaa Waisraeli wengi (hasa watu wadogo na wakosefu) wampokee Yesu aliyebatizwa naye. Katika nafasi hiyo Yohane alimtambulisha kama Mwanakondoo wa Mungu aondoaye dhambi ya ulimwengu. Ndipo Yesu naye alipoanza kuhubiri, lakini pia kutenda miujiza ya kila aina, akapata haraka wafuasi wengi. Kati yao akachagua [[Mitume wa Yesu|mitume]] wake 12 kama msingi mpya wa taifa la Mungu. Alifanya kazi hizo kuanzia Galilaya, akitangaza ujio wa [[ufalme wa Mungu]], kwa maana ya kwamba ufalme uliotazamiwa na Wayahudi umewajia kwa njia yake. Ingawa hakupitia shule yoyote ya Biblia, Yesu alionekana anafundisha vizuri kuliko walimu wa sheria wa kawaida, kama mtu mwenye mamlaka juu ya Torati. Mafundisho yake yalilingana na yale ya Mafarisayo kuliko na yale ya Masadukayo, lakini alishindana pia na hao wa kwanza. Kijicho na upinzani vikazidi hasa Yerusalemu, walipoanza kufanya njama za kumuua. Ingawa Yesu alijua hayo, alijikaza kwenda katika mji mtakatifu autangazie habari njema na kufia huko. Baada ya kupokewa kwa shangwe kabla ya sherehe ya Pasaka ya mwaka 30 (au 33) akakamatwa na [[baraza la Israeli]] kwa tuhuma ya [[kufuru]] ya kujilinganisha na Mungu, halafu akakabidhiwa kwa liwali wa Kirumi aliyekuwa na mamlaka ya kutoa adhabu ya kifo. Baada ya kikao ambapo Wayahudi walitafuta kisingizio cha kisiasa, Ponsyo Pilato akalazimika kuagiza Yesu asulubiwe, na kisha kufa kwake kaburi lilindwe na askari. Hata hivyo siku ya tatu [[kaburi]] likaonekana tupu, na Yesu akaanza kuwatokea wanafunzi wake wa kike na wa kiume kwa muda wa siku arubaini, halafu akapaa mbinguni mbele ya macho yao. Habari hizo zikatangazwa kwa sauti tu kwa miaka kadhaa, halafu zikaanza kuandikwa. ===Ufunuo kuendelea baada ya ufufuko wa Yesu=== [[File:P. Chester Beatty I, folio 13-14, recto.jpg|thumb|left|Kurasa 4 za [[Injili ya Luka]] zilizonakiliwa katika [[karne ya 3]] katika [[nyasi]] zilizopondwa.]] [[Kifo]] na [[ufufuko wa Yesu]] si mwisho wa [[ufunuo]] wa [[Mungu]]: ni lazima tupokee vilevile kama mpango wake yale yaliyojitokeza wakati wa [[Mitume wa Yesu|Mitume]] wake. Miaka hiyo 70 hivi iliona [[Kanisa]] likizidi kusogea mbali na [[dini ya Kiyahudi]] na kuwa la kimataifa kweli pamoja na kupata [[muundo]] wa kudumu wa [[uongozi]]. Sambamba na hilo, makao yake makuu yalihamia [[Roma]] kutoka [[Yerusalemu]] uliokuja kuangamizwa tena mwaka [[70]]. Ni wakati huohuo kwamba lilipata [[vitabu vitakatifu]] vya kwake vilivyokamilisha vile vya [[Agano la Kale]]. Kanisa linaheshimu kwa namna ya pekee, kama ushuhuda mkuu juu ya maisha na mafundisho ya Yesu na kama moyo wa Maandiko matakatifu yote, Injili nne zilizoandikwa na [[Injili ya Marko|Marko]], [[Injili ya Mathayo|Mathayo]], [[Injili ya Luka|Luka]] na [[Injili ya Yohane|Yohane]] kati ya mwaka 65 na 100 hivi. Ma[[badiliko]] hayo yaliyokusudiwa na Mungu hayakutokea bila ya ma[[tatizo]], hasa kwa sababu yalikuwa magumu kueleweka kwa [[Wayahudi]], ambao mwanzoni walikuwa wengi kati ya [[Wakristo]], na hata kwa Mitume. Lakini [[Roho Mtakatifu]] aliwaongoza taratibu wakubali [[fumbo]] hilo lililofunuliwa hasa kwa [[Mtume Paulo]]. [[Suala]] gumu zaidi lilikuwa nafasi ya [[Torati]] katika [[Ukristo]], hasa kwa waliojiunga nao moja kwa moja bila ya [[tohara|kutahiriwa]] kwanza ili wawe Wayahudi. Katika [[Agano Jipya]] inajitokeza misimamo 4 tofauti, na ni ajabu kwamba haikuvunja [[ushirika]] wa [[imani]]. 1. Wakristo wenye asili ya Kiyahudi, hasa ya Ki[[farisayo]], walitaka watu wa mataifa watahiriwe kabla [[ubatizo|hawajabatizwa]], halafu wafuate masharti yote ya Torati ili waweze kuokoka. 2. Wengine, kama [[Mtume Petro]] na [[Yakobo Mdogo]], walitaka washike walau baadhi ya masharti hayo ili wasiwe [[chukizo]] kwa Wakristo wa Kiyahudi, hasa wakati wa kula pamoja [[ekaristi]]. 3. Paulo alikataa kupunguza [[uhuru wa Kiinjili]] kwa kudhani [[wokovu]] unategemea Torati kuliko [[msalaba wa Yesu]]; hata hivyo alisisitiza [[upendo]] kama [[tunu]] bora ya kuzingatiwa ili mtu asikwaze na kupoteza wengine dhaifu kama hao Wakristo wa Kifarisayo. 4. Hatimaye ulijitokeza [[msimamo]] mkali zaidi, wa kupuuzia kwa kiasi fulani Torati kama kitu kilichopitwa na wakati. Misimamo hiyo ya mwisho ulizidi kupata nguvu kadiri Wayahudi na Wakristo walivyozidi kutengana, lakini hata ule wa kwanza uliacha [[athari]] yake ya kudumu katika Kanisa hasa kupitia [[Injili ya Mathayo]] na [[Barua ya Yakobo]]. ===Kitabu cha Matendo ya Mitume=== Kati ya [[Wainjili]], Luka hakuishia kuandika habari za Yesu tu, bali alizikamilisha kwa kuandika kitabu cha pili chenye historia ya mwanzo wa Kanisa. Kinajulikana kwa jina la [[Matendo ya Mitume]], kwa kuwa kinawatokeza hasa watu wawili ambao Luka aliwafahamu, yaani [[Mtume Petro]] mpaka sura ya 12, halafu [[Mtume Paulo]]. Kwa namna ya pekee alikuwa mwanafunzi wa Paulo akamfuata mpaka kifo chake: hivyo si ajabu kwamba alipenda kushuhudia kazi zake na mateso yake kwa ajili ya Kristo na uenezi wa imani. Mpangilio wa kitabu hicho unaelezwa katika 1:8, yaani kuonyesha jinsi imani hiyo ilivyoshuhudiwa toka Yerusalemu hadi mwisho wa dunia upande wa magharibi. Ndiyo sababu kitabu kinaishia na habari za Paulo kufikia [[Roma]] na kuanza utume huko mwaka 61, ingawa kuandikwa kiliandikwa kama miaka 20 baadaye. Kuanzia Injili yake, Luka anaonekana alivyojitahidi kuzingatia ukweli wa historia, lakini pia [[jiografia]]: katika Injili mambo yote yanaelekea Yerusalemu, ambapo Yesu alikwenda kufa na kufufuka, na katika Matendo ya Mitume mambo yote yanaanzia Yerusalemu, ambapo Roho Mtakatifu aliwashukia. Tukipenda kujua historia ya wokovu ilivyoendelea baadaye, hatuna budi kufuata kitabu hicho tukilinganisha habari zake na zile tunazozipata hasa katika barua za mitume. Kwa namna ya pekee zile za Paulo tunaweza kuzipanga kwa faida katika mfululizo wa habari za maisha yake alizotuachia Luka, ingawa kuna utatanishi fulani. ===Kanisa la Yerusalemu=== [[File:Duccio di Buoninsegna 018.jpg|thumb|right|Pentekoste ilivyochorwa na [[Duccio di Buoninsegna]] juu ya [[ubao]] ([[1308]]).]] Kabla ya kusimulia uenezi wa Ukristo, Luka aliandika habari za Kanisa mama, yaani lile la Yerusalemu. Katika msingi wake tunaona mitume wakiwa wanasali pamoja na mama wa Yesu na waamini wengine. Majina ya hao 11 yameorodheshwa tena, halafu pengo lililoachwa na msaliti [[Yuda Iskarioti]] likazibwa ili idadi muhimu ya 12 ikamilike tena. Aliyeamua ifanyike hivyo ni Petro akitumia tayari mamlaka aliyoachiwa na Yesu, na akiweka masharti kwa mapendekezo ya watu, hasa kwamba mteule awe shahidi wa utume na ufufuko wa Yesu (Mdo 1). Baada ya idadi hiyo kukamilika tena, Roho Mtakatifu akawashukia wote katika nafasi maalumu, yaani sikukuu ya Pentekoste, iliyotimiza Pasaka siku 50 baada yake (Mdo 2:1-41). Safari hiyo alijitokeza kama upepo wa nguvu kubwa ajabu uliojaza nyumba nzima (yaani Kanisa lote) na kama ndimi za moto zilizowashukia mojamoja kila mwamini aliyekuwemo (kwa kuwa karama zake ni mbalimbali). Hapo hao waoga, waliojifungia ndani kwa usalama, wakatoka nje na kuhubiria umati wa watu waliokusanyika kwa kufuata upepo. Kwa kuwa siku hiyo ni ya hija walikuwepo Wayahudi na waongofu kutoka sehemu nyingi za ulimwengu, lakini kila mmoja aliwaelewa mitume kwa lugha yake mwenyewe. Hivyo umoja wa binadamu uliovunjika Babeli katika kujenga mnara wa kiburi ukapatikana tena Yerusalemu kwa nguvu ya Yule aliye upendo wa Mungu. Toka mwanzo Kanisa si la kabila la Yuda tu au la lugha ya Kiaramu tu, bali ni [[Kanisa Katoliki]], yaani la mataifa yote na la lugha zote. Bila ya shaka aliyesimama kwa niaba yake lote atoe hotuba ya kwanza na kufafanua matukio hayo pamoja na kumshuhudia Kristo mfufuka ni Petro. Maneno yake yaliwachoma moyo wasikilizaji hata wakamuuliza wafanye nini. Jibu likawa watubu na kubatizwa ili wapate msamaha na Roho Mtakatifu. Siku hiyo ya kwanza waamini wakawa hawapungui elfu tatu. Luka ametuachia picha ya Kanisa mama hasa katika mihtasari mitatu (Mdo 2:42-47; 4:32-35; 5:12-16) ambayo inachora maisha ya Wakristo wa kwanza kama kielelezo kwa wale wote watakaofuata. Kweli katika historia yote ya Kanisa wengi wakaja kujipima kwa kuangalia kielelezo hicho cha umoja katika roho na katika mali. Hasa watawa wengi wakaja kujaribu kutekeleza tena umoja huo mashirikani mwao na hivyo kuwachochea waamini wenzao wote. Umoja huo ndio sifa ya kwanza ya Kanisa na mpango wa Mungu kwa watu wote. Mwanzoni umoja ulifanikiwa kwa namna ya pekee, ingawa hapo pia ulikuwa na kasoro tunavyosoma katika Mdo 5:1-11; 6:1 na katika vitabu vingine vyote vya Agano Jipya. Kutokana na malalamiko ndani ya jumuia, mitume waliamua kuwashirikisha kazi yao katika ngazi ya chini watu saba: idadi hiyo katika Biblia inamaanisha mataifa, na kweli wote walikuwa na majina ya Kigiriki (Mdo 6:2-6). Tofauti za waamini hasa upande wa lugha na utamaduni zinadai daima ubunifu na nia njema zisije zikavuruga umoja. Shida iliyotokea hapo ni utangulizi wa habari nyingine kuhusu Wakristo wa Kiyahudi kuwabana wenzao wenye asili ya Kipagani. Katika Mdo 6-8 hao viongozi 7 wapya wanajitokeza kama mashujaa katika utume, ambao mwisho wake kwa Stefano ulikuwa ni kifodini. Katika kusimulia tukio hilo la mwaka 36 hivi, Luka alisisitiza kuwa mashtaka ya Wayahudi dhidi ya [[Stefano]] ni yaleyale yaliyomhusu Yesu: yaani upinzani dhidi ya mwalimu unaendelea dhidi ya wanafunzi wake. Vilevile Stefano akakabili mateso kama alivyofanya Yesu akimkabidhi Bwana roho yake na kuwaombea watesi wake. Kabla ya hapo Wakristo walikuwa wamedhulumiwa katika nafasi mbalimbali, lakini dhuluma hiyo ya tatu ikawa kubwa zaidi na kusababisha wengi wakimbie Yerusalemu. Lakini kwa mpango wa Mungu mtawanyiko huo ulichangia kueneza Injili. ===Ukristo ulivyoanza kuenea=== [[File:Rembrandt 169.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Rembrandt]], ''[[Ubatizo wa towashi]]'', ([[1626]] hivi).]] Kufuatana na mpangilio wa kitabu, Mdo 8 inaeleza jinsi Mungu alivyoongoza uenezi wa Kanisa kwa watu wasiokubaliwa na Israeli, yaani kwanza kwa Wasamaria waliokuwa maadui wakuu wa taifa teule, halafu [[towashi]] (yaani mwanamume mbovu) toka [[Ethiopia]]. Katika nafasi hizo zote mbili Luka alisisitiza furaha iliyotokea kama dalili ya wokovu. Juhudi za [[Filipo mwinjilisti]] zikaja kuthibitishwa na mitume kwa kuwawekea mikono Wakristo wapya wa Samaria. Wakati uleule likatukia jambo lingine, la ajabu kabisa, ambalo kwa umuhimu wake limesimuliwa na Luka mara tatu, yaani uongofu wa Saulo/Paulo aliyekuwa mtesi mkuu wa Stefano na Wakristo wengine. Ndiye aliyechaguliwa na Mungu awe mwenezi mkuu wa imani ya Kikristo, mtetezi mkuu wa uhuru wa Wakristo wa mataifa kuhusu sheria za Kiyahudi, tena mwandishi mkuu wa Agano Jipya, mwenye kufafanua mafumbo ya imani kwa undani kabisa. Mungu alimteua awe chombo chake kiteule ili kuleta jina lake kwa mataifa (Gal 1:13-24; Mdo 9:1-31; Mdo 22:17-21): katika historia yote ya Kanisa baada ya Pentekoste hadi leo hakuna tukio lingine muhimu zaidi. Ukubwa na ubora wa mchango wa Paulo unaeleweka tukizingatia kwamba alifanya kazi na kuandika kabla ya vitabu vya Agano Jipya kupatikana. Ndiye aliyeanza kuliandika akipanua mawazo aliyoyapokea katika [[Kanisa]] kwa kuzingatia Agano la Kale na [[mang’amuzi]] yake mwenyewe. Hapo alifafanua vizuri ajabu maisha ya Kikristo kama neema ya kumshiriki Yesu kwa [[imani]], [[sakramenti]] na [[juhudi]] za kushinda [[umimi]] hadi kugeuka [[sadaka]] hai, takatifu na ya kumpendeza [[Mungu]]. [[Wokovu]] huo, utakaokamilika katika [[ufufuko]] wa [[mwili]], unapatikana katika Kanisa, ambalo Paulo alilitambulisha kama [[bibiarusi]] wa Kristo na mwili wake. Lakini, kabla Luka hajasimulia [[umisionari]] wake, aliandika habari nyingine ya ajabu ambayo pia inapatikana mara tatu katika Matendo ya Mitume, yaani uongofu wa [[Kornelio]] na nyumba yake (Mdo 10). Wapagani hao walijaliwa Roho Mtakatifu kabla hawajabatizwa, wakimsikiliza tu mtume Petro. Hivyo Mungu alimuonyesha mkuu wa mitume nia yake kuhusu wokovu wa mataifa, naye Petro akalitangazia Kanisa kwamba Wapagani wasilazimishwe kufuata sheria za Kiyahudi. Uamuzi huo uliofuata hiyo Pentekoste ya mataifa ilimfungulia Paulo mlango wa umisionari wake unaotawala Mdo 13-28. Ingawa Wakristo wenye msimamo mkali wa Kiyahudi walikubali maneno ya Petro (Mdo 11:1-18), hawakuweza kumuunga mkono Paulo aliposisitiza kwamba wokovu unategemea imani kuliko utekelezaji wa sheria. Basi, mvutano juu ya suala hilo ukaendelea kuvuruga maisha ya Kanisa kwa miaka mingi ya mbele. Ni baada tu ya Petro kufungua mlango kwamba Mdo 11:19-26 inasimulia jinsi waliotawanyika baada ya uuaji wa Stefano walivyoeneza [[Ukristo]] huko walikohamia nje ya nchi takatifu, wakiwahubiria kwanza Wayahudi wenzao, halafu Wapagani. Kitabu kizima kinafuata utaratibu huo: Paulo mwenyewe kila alipofika aliwaelekea Wapagani baada tu ya Wayahudi kukataa Injili. Kati ya miji ambapo ilianzishwa jumuia ya waamini wengiwengi, muhimu zaidi ni [[Antiokia]] (mpakani kwa Sirya na [[Uturuki]] wa leo): huko wafuasi wa Yesu walikuwa mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wayahudi na mataifa, hivyo wakapewa jina jipya maalumu la Kiyunani ([[Wakristo]]). Ndipo walipofanya kazi [[Barnaba]] aliyetumwa na mitume, Paulo aliyeitwa naye kumsaidia, pamoja na manabii na walimu wengine. Wakati huohuo (mwaka 44 hivi) [[Herode Agripa]] alimuua [[Yakobo Mkubwa]] (mtume wa kwanza kumfia Yesu) akakusudia kumuua hata Petro, lakini huyo akahama Yerusalemu (Mdo 12:1-17) akafanya kazi huko na huko kabla hajahamia moja kwa moja Roma akiuletea mamlaka yake. ===Safari za kimisionari za Paulo zilivyoanza (46-49)=== Kanisa changa na motomoto la Antiokia likawa kituo cha umisionari kuanzia mwaka 46; kwa mara nyingine Roho Mtakatifu ndiye aliyechochea juhudi za kitume na kuteua watu wa kutumwa, yaani Barnaba na Paulo (Mdo 13:1-3). Safari yao ya kwanza ilichukua miaka 3 katika kisiwa cha [[Kupro]] na mikoa ya kusini ya Uturuki wa leo (Mdo 13:16-51; 14:19-23). Ilikuwa kawaida yao kuanzisha Kanisa katika miji mikubwa ili toka huko ujumbe ufike hadi vijijini. ===Mtaguso wa Yerusalemu (49)=== [[File:Saint James the Just.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yakobo Mdogo]], [[kiongozi]] wa [[Wakristo wa Kiyahudi]] mjini [[Yerusalemu]], aliyekubali [[Wakristo wa mataifa]] wasilazimishwe kushika [[Torati]].]] Waliporudi Antiokia walipaswa kupambana na [[Wakristo wa Kiyahudi]] kuhusu uwezekano wa mataifa kuokoka pasipo kutahiriwa. Hatimaye suala likapelekwa Yerusalemu kwa Kanisa mama. Baada ya majadiliano marefu Petro akatoa neno la mwisho kwamba Wapagani wanaomuamini Yesu wasitwishwe mzigo usiobebeka wa kufuata sheria za Kiyahudi (Mdo 15:1-12). Katika Gal 2:1-10 Paulo pia ametuachia kumbukumbu ya mtaguso huo akisisitiza kuwa mitume waliokuwepo ([[Yakobo Mdogo]], Petro na Yohane) walitambua rasmi karama ya kimisionari ya kwake na ya Barnaba na uhalali wake, wakiwaomba tu wachangishe pesa kati ya Wakristo wa mbali kwa ajili ya wenzao wa Yerusalemu wwnye hali ngumu. Hiyo ilikuwa namna mpya ya kutekeleza upendo wa kidugu na kudumisha umoja wa Kanisa baada ya uenezi wake. Masuala hayo yakadai uamuzi mwingine ili Wakristo wa Kiyahudi waweze kuendelea kushirikiana na wenzao wa mataifa pasipo kuogopa unajisi ambao ungewazuia wasifuate ibada zao. Gal 2:11-14 inaeleza shida iliyotokea Antiokia: ingawa Paulo alimheshimu sana Petro, alipoona hafuati kwa unyofu uamuzi wa mtaguso hakusita kumkosoa kidugu hadharani ili aliepushe Kanisa na upotovu kuhusu suala la wokovu. Basi, kadiri ya Mdo 15:13-35, Yakobo Mdogo aliyeachiwa uongozi wa Kanisa la Yerusalemu alichagua makatazo makuu manne kutoka Mambo ya Walawi akidai Wakristo wote wayashike kama mambo mazito kwa dhamiri ya Kiyahudi. Uamuzi huo uliarifiwa kwa Wakristo wa Antiokia na mikoa ya jirani kwa wajumbe na barua. Barua zikaendelea kuandikwa hata leo kwa lengo la kudumisha umoja na amani katika Kanisa, kwa kuwa ni kazi ngumu kuelewana kwa watu tofauti kama hao waliozoea kudharauliana kwa matusi kama “[[mbwa]]”. ===Barua au nyaraka=== Kati ya vitabu 27 vya [[Agano Jipya]], 21 vina mtindo wa [[barua]] au [[waraka|nyaraka]]. Hiyo ni tofauti kabisa na [[Agano la Kale]], ambamo vitabu kadhaa vinazileta, lakini si [[kitabu]] kizima hata kimoja. [[Mtume Paulo]] ndiye aliyetumia zaidi [[mtindo]] huo ili afikie na [[ujumbe]] na [[mamlaka]] yake pale asipoweza kufikia kimwili. Barua 14 zinahusishwa na yeye kwa namna moja au nyingine, wakati nyingine 7 zinahusishwa na [[Yakobo Mdogo]], [[Mtume Petro]], [[Mtume Yohane]] na [[Yuda Tadei]]. Hii haina maana kwamba ziliandikwa zilivyo na Mitume hao. Kwanza, tokea awali watu waliweza kuandika barua kwa [[mkono]] wao, au kwa kumuongoza [[karani]] aandike maneno yao wenyewe, au kwa kumpa maelekezo ya jumla kuhusu namna ya kuandika kama si kumuachia aandike anavyoona inafaa. Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa Mitume ilikuwa kawaida kuandika kwa kutumia [[jina]] la [[marehemu]] fulani maarufu kama kwa kumwezesha aendelee kutoa ujumbe aliokuwa anautoa maishani. Pengine aliyeandika hivyo alikuwa na uhusiano wa pekee na marehemu huyo kama [[mwanafunzi]] au [[mwandamizi]] wake. Pengine maandishi hayo hayakuwa tu barua fupi za kuwasiliana kuhusu [[shida]] fulani, bali [[hati]] au [[insha]] ndefu kuhusu [[mada]] fulani: ndizo zinazostahili kuitwa nyaraka. Ingawa tofauti kati ya barua na waraka inaeleweka ki[[nadharia]], pengine ni vigumu kugawa vitabu hivyo vya Agano Jipya katika makundi mawili: kwa [[hakika]] [[Eb]] ni waraka na [[3Yoh]] ni barua, lakini nyingine ziko katikati. Barua saba zisizohusishwa na Paulo zinaitwa [[Katoliki]], maana zimekubaliwa na [[Kanisa]] lote, ingawa maana asili ya [[neno]] hilo ilikuwa kwamba ni kwa ajili ya watu wote, jambo ambalo si kweli. Katika [[Biblia]] barua hazikupangwa kufuatana na [[tarehe]] za kuandikwa, bali zinatangulia zile za Paulo, na kati ya hizo zinatangulia zile kwa makanisa 7, zinafuata zile kwa watu binafsi 3 na mwisho [[waraka kwa Waebrania]] ambao haumtaji Paulo. Ndani ya makundi hayo, zinatangulia zile ndefu zaidi hadi zile fupi. Sisi, tukitaka kuelewa zaidi [[ujumbe]] na [[maendeleo]] yake, ni afadhali tuzisome kwa [[mpangilio]] wa tarehe kadiri tunavyoweza kuikadiria. [[2Pet]], ambayo inafikiriwa kuwa ya mwisho kuandikwa, inashuhudia kwamba tayari barua za Paulo zilikuwa zimekusanywa na kuheshimiwa kama [[Maandiko Matakatifu]]. ===Safari ya pili ya Mtume Paulo (50-52)=== [[File:V&A - Raphael, St Paul Preaching in Athens (1515).jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Mtume Paulo]] akitoa ''[[Hotuba ya Areopago]]'' huko [[Athene]], kadiri ya [[Raffaello Sanzio]], [[1515]].]] Mdo 15:36-39 inasimulia ugomvi kati ya Paulo na Barnaba walipotaka kufunga safari tena (mwaka uleule 49). Mungu hakuzuia ugomvi huo kusudi hao wawili waeneze zaidi neno lake wakienda sehemu tofauti. Barnaba na Marko walielekea Kupro, kumbe Paulo alimchukua [[Sila]] na kufunga safari iliyodumu miaka mitatu, akielekea kwanza jumuia zile za bara alizoziunda miaka iliyopita (Mdo 15:40-16:5). Paulo ni maarufu kwa juhudi zake za kueneza Ukristo mahali pengi palipokuwa bado, lakini pia tunajua upendo wake kwa watu aliowatangazia habari njema, na bidii zake kwa makanisa aliyoanzisha: alikuwa akiwaombea usiku na mchana, akiwaka hamu ya kuwatembelea, akiwaandikia barua za kusisimua ili kuwatia moyo au kuwakosoa, kutatua matatizo yao na kujibu maswali mbalimbali. Pengine aliwatumia watu alioongozana nao: kati yao alimpendelea [[Timotheo]] akashirikiana naye mpaka kufa. Kadiri ya Mdo 16:6-15, katika safari hiyohiyo kwenye mikoa mbalimbali ya Uturuki wa leo, huenda Luka pia akajiunga na msafara akifuatana na Paulo hadi kufa kwake. Yeye anatia maanani uongozi wa Mungu ambaye kwanza aliwazuia mara mbili wasielekee walikokusudia, halafu kwa njozi alionyesha ni mapenzi yake wavukie Ulaya katika [[Ugiriki]] wa leo. Inavyojulikana, Wayunani walikuwa na hamu kubwa ya kupata maarifa kuliko wengine, halafu kubishana nao kwa ufasaha na kuwashinda. Katika mazingira hayo, falsafa na dini zilikuwa mada kuu na kuingiliana na hadithi za ajabuajabu kuhusu miungu, malaika na wengineo. Karibu barua zote za mitume zilikabili hatari hiyo, ambayo ikazidi kuwa kubwa na kuleta mafarakano katika Kanisa hasa katika karne II, ilipoitwa “[[Gnosis]]” (= ujuzi). Hasa Paulo alijitahidi kuishinda mapema iwezekanavyo. Huko Ugiriki wakaanzisha Kanisa kwanza [[Filipi]], halafu [[Thesalonike]]. Kutokana na dhuluma za Wayahudi, Paulo alilazimika kuondoka akafika [[Athene]], mji mkuu wa [[falsafa]], akajaribu kutangaza Injili kwa ufasaha wa maneno ili kuwavuta hao watu wa elimu; kumbe akashindwa kabisa (Mdo 17). Ndipo alipoelewa kuwa imani haitegemei [[akili]] na [[elimu]], akaamua kuhubiri kwa [[unyofu]] tu mafumbo ya imani (1Kor 1:17-2:5). Mdo 18:1-11 inasimulia mang’amuzi mengine aliyoyapata katika jiji la Korintho, lenye bandari mbili katika [[bahari]] tofauti zilizoleta [[urahisi]] wa kuvusha [[bidhaa]] toka moja hadi nyingine badala ya kuzisafirisha kwa [[meli]] kandokando ya [[rasi]]. Kutokana na umuhimu huo na wa kuwa [[makao makuu]] ya [[mkoa]] wa [[Akaya]] (Ugiriki kusini), pamoja na biashara kubwa, kulikuwa na mchanganyiko wa watu, wakiwemo watumwa na makahaba wengi. Huko alikaa mwaka mmoja na nusu kutokana na kufunuliwa na Yesu kwamba ana wateule wengi jijini. Kweli utume wa Paulo ukazaa sana, ingawa kabla hajafika walikuwepo tayari Wakristo kadhaa kama [[Akula]] na [[Priska]] waliofukuzwa na [[kaisari Klaudio]] mwaka 49 watoke Roma pamoja na Wayahudi wote hasa kutokana na mabishano yao kuhusu Kristo. ===Barua mbili kwa Wathesalonike=== [[File:Probably Valentin de Boulogne - Saint Paul Writing His Epistles - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|''Paulo Akiandika Nyaraka Zake'', [[karne ya 17]].]] [[Mtume Paulo]] alikuwa amekimbia [[Thesalonike]] baada ya wiki 3 tu za utume, hivyo aliogopa kwamba huenda [[dhuluma]] zikawakatisha wanafunzi tamaa. Kumbe, akina Timotheo walipofika Korintho toka Thesalonike, walimpa Paulo ripoti kuhusu hali ya Kanisa la kule na kumuondolea wasiwasi: dhuluma zilikuwa zikiendelea lakini Wakristo wachanga wa huko ni imara katika [[imani]] yao mpya, isipokuwa hawaelewi vizuri mambo fulanifulani, hasa kuhusu [[vikomo vya binadamu]]. Hapo Paulo akawaandikia kwa [[furaha]] barua tuliyonayo mpaka leo ili kuwahimiza na kuwaelimisha zaidi: ndiyo andiko la kwanza la Agano Jipya kwa kuwa ni wa mwaka 51 hivi. [[Waraka wa kwanza kwa Wathesalonike|Barua hiyo]] haina mafundisho mazito isipokuwa kuhusu mambo ya mwisho (hali ya [[marehemu]] na [[ujio wa pili]] wa Bwana). Ni tulivu na ya kirafiki, ingawa inatoa maonyo upande wa maadili (1Thes 1:1-3:13; 4:13-17; 5:1-11; 5:16-28). Miezi michache baadaye akarudia kuwaandikia kutokana na taarifa nyingine zilizomtia tena wasiwasi. Akawafafanulia zaidi ujio wa Bwana na dalili zake, akiwahimiza hasa kufanya kazi kwa bidii na kuwajibika wakati wa kungojea [[ujio wa pili]] wa [[Yesu]] badala ya kuiacha kwa kisingizio cha kwamba, eti Kristo amesharudi (2Thes 2:1-15; 3:6-15). Mpangilio wa barua hizo ni uleule wa barua zitakazofuata: baada ya salamu na shukrani kwa Mungu, yanafuata mafundisho ya imani, halafu maadili, na hatimaye salamu nyingine. Mwaka 52 Paulo aliondoka kwa hiari Korintho kuelekea Yerusalemu na Antiokia. Njiani alihubiri kidogo [[Efeso]], makao makuu ya mkoa wa [[Asia Ndogo]] (Uturuki Magharibi wa leo), lakini hakukubali kubaki muda mrefu zaidi, ila aliwaacha huko Priska na mumewe akiahidi kurudi, Mungu akipenda (Mdo 18:18-22). Huo ni mfano mzuri wa ushirikiano kati ya mseja na watu wa ndoa katika utume. Mdo 18:24-28 inasimulia kwamba, baada ya Paulo kuondoka, alifika Myahudi wa Aleksandria, jina lake [[Apolo]]. Kama vile wenzake wengi wa Misri alikuwa na elimu ya Kiyunani na ujuzi wa Biblia. Tena alikuwa motomoto katika kufundisha habari za Yesu, ingawa hazijui sawasawa, hasa hana habari ya ubatizo wake mpya (kasoro hiyo ikaendelea kuwepo kwa muda mrefu kwa sababu baadhi ya wanafunzi wa Yohane Mbatizaji hawakumuamini Yesu, hivyo wakaendeleza ujumbe wa mwalimu wao). Priska na mumewe wakamuelimisha zaidi, halafu wakampa barua ya kumtambulisha kwa Wakristo wa Korintho alipokwenda kuhubiri. Wamisionari wa namna hiyo wakazidi kustawisha na kuvuruga makanisa walau mpaka mwisho wa wakati wa mitume. ===Safari ya tatu ya Mtume Paulo (54-58)=== Baada ya kukaa Antiokia mwaka mmoja na nusu Paulo akafunga tena safari akiyapitia makanisa ya [[Galatia]] na [[Frigia]] ili kuyathibitisha (Mdo 18:23). Hatimaye akafika Efeso ambapo akabaki tangu mwaka 54 hadi 57, akifundisha kila siku na kueneza sana Injili katika mkoa mzima (Mdo 19:1-10). Pamoja na hayo aliandika barua kadhaa, ambazo baadhi zimepotea, nyingine tunazo hadi leo (kwa [[Waraka kwa Wagalatia|Wagalatia]], kwa [[Waraka kwa Wafilipi|Wafilipi]], ile ya [[Waraka wa kwanza kwa Wakorintho|kwanza kwa Wakorintho]], inawezekana [[Waraka kwa Filemoni|Filemoni]] pia). ===[[Waraka kwa Wagalatia|Barua kwa Wagalatia]]=== [[Barua]] hiyo iliandikwa na Paulo akiwa [[Efeso]]. Tofauti na zile kwa Wathesalonike, hii ni kali sana kwa kuwa Paulo aliiandika (mwaka [[54]] hivi) mara baada ya kusikia kwa [[mshangao]] na [[huzuni]] kwamba wanafunzi wake wa [[mkoa]] wa [[Galatia]] wanataka kupotoshwa na Wakristo wengine wanaosisitiza [[haja]] ya kushika [[Torati]] ili kupata [[wokovu]]. Ili kumpinga Paulo na mafundisho yake kuhusu [[neema]], wazushi hao walikanusha pia [[mamlaka]] yake kama [[mtume]], eti, hajawahi kumuona [[Yesu]], na anarahisisha masharti ya [[dini]] ili ajipatie wafuasi na [[heshima]]. Basi, ilimbidi ajitetee na kusimulia baadhi ya ma[[tukio]] ya [[maisha]] yake yanayotusaidia kumfahamu zaidi na kutambua kwamba [[msimamo]] wake wa awali kama [[Farisayo]] haukumuelekeza hata kidogo kupuuzia Torati. Ni tukio la ghafla la kutokewa na Mfufuka tu lililoweza kupindua mtazamo wake. Baada ya hapo, msimamo wake mpya ulikubaliwa na viongozi wa [[Kanisa]] mama la [[Yerusalemu]] waliotambua [[karama]] yake ya pekee kwa [[uongofu]] wa mataifa. Akitetea [[uhuru]] wao kuhusu masharti ya Torati, Paulo hakukosa kueleza kwamba hauruhusu kufuata [[udhaifu]] wa kibinadamu (unaowakilishwa na [[mwili]]), bali ni kwa ajili ya kufuata [[mwongozo]] wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] ambao ni wa juu kuliko Torati na hatimaye unazaa [[tunda]] lake bora. Akiandika kwa [[hasira]] takatifu ili kuzuia [[Injili]] isibadilishwe wala [[msalaba]] usibatilishwe - kwa sababu wokovu ukipatikana kwa kushika Torati, [[Kristo]] amekufa bure - mara baada ya salamu akashambulia kwa nguvu wazushi hao na kuonyesha kwa Biblia kuwa haiwezekani kujipatia uadilifu kwa kujaribu kufuata sheria za Musa walivyotaka wao. Kinyume chake uadilifu wetu unatokana na imani kwa Kristo na msalaba wake. Ilimbidi kwanza ajitetee kuwa mtume halisi anayefundisha kulingana na mitume wengine, halafu aonyeshe tunavyookolewa kwa imani, si kwa kufuata sheria, hatimaye atoe mawaidha kuhusu [[uhuru wa Kikristo]], kwamba unategemea kumfuata Roho Mtakatifu si tamaa za dunia (Gal 1:1-12; 2:15-3:14; 4:4-20; 5; 6:7-18). ===[[Waraka kwa Wafilipi|Barua kwa Wafilipi]]=== Luka hakusimulia mateso yote ya Paulo, kwa mfano alivyohukumiwa mwaka 56 hivi hukohuko Efeso (1Kor 15:32; 2Kor 1:8-9). Akiwa kifungoni alifikiwa na mjumbe toka Filipi aliyemletea msaada wa pesa na wa huduma kwa niaba ya Wakristo wa mji huo. Paulo kabla hajamrudisha alipenda kuwaandikia barua nzuri ya shukrani pamoja na kuwaeleza sababu ya kufungwa (Fil 4:10-20). Barua ni nzuri pia kutokana na uhusiano wa upendo kati ya Paulo na Wakristo hao, ambao kati yao wanawake walishika nafasi ya pekee toka mwanzo. Tunaona wazi Paulo alivyokuwa na furaha hata kifungoni, kwa kuwa alizoea kuridhika na kila hali. Kwake muhimu ilikuwa tu kumfikia Kristo. Kama kawaida mawaidha hayakosekani, lakini si makali: hasa alihimiza umoja kwa kufuata mfano wa Yesu aliyejishusha kutoka Umungu wake hadi kifo cha msalabani. Kwa ajili hiyo alitumia maneno ya wimbo ambao unadhihirisha imani kamili katika umungu wa Kristo, ingawa ni kati ya zile za kwanzakwanza kutungwa (Fil 1:12-3:1a; 4:4-7). Lakini kuna sehemu kali kuhusu wazushi ambayo inaanza ghafla (Fil 3:1b-4:1) na kufanya baadhi ya wataalamu wadhani kuwa barua jinsi ilivyo tangu karne I ni mshono wa barua mbili au tatu za mtume kwa Wafilipi. ===[[Waraka kwa Filemoni|Barua kwa Filemoni]]=== Paulo akiwa kifungoni (labda Efeso mwaka 56 au 57) alimuandikia [[Filemoni]]. Tofauti na barua zote zilizotangulia, hiyo haikuandikwa kwa kanisa fulani, bali kwa Mkristo binafsi, tajiri, pengine wa [[Kolosai]]. Ingawa si muhimu upande wa [[teolojia]], inaonyesha upendo wa mtume kwa wale aliowaongoa, na jinsi udugu wa Kikristo ulivyoanza kutikisa [[utumwa]]. ===Barua mbili kwa Wakorintho=== Kutoka Korintho habari za kusikitisha zilimfikia Paulo akiwa Efeso (pengine mwaka 57): katika Kanisa hilo ambalo alilianzisha na kulipenda sana kulikuwa na shaka kuhusu imani, mafarakano, upinzani wa Wakristo wa Kiyahudi dhidi yake, na makwazo. Kilichohatarisha zaidi jumuia hiyo ni karama mbalimbali ambazo hao Wakristo wachanga walizijali mno na hatimaye wakajivunia kuwa nazo. Vilevile walivutiwa kumfuata mtu kama Apolo, mwenye ujuzi na ufasaha mkubwa, mambo yaliyopendwa sana na Wagiriki. Ilimbidi Paulo arekebishe hali hiyo ili kuokoa hasa umoja wa Kanisa na heshima kwa viongozi wake halali. Basi mwaka mzima akawa na mahangaiko kwa Wakorintho akawaandikia walau barua nne au tano, ingawa sisi tunazo mbili tu; pengine sehemu za baadhi yake zimeshonwa ndani ya 2Kor. Mpangilio wa [[Waraka wa kwanza kwa Wakorintho|barua ya kwanza]] una salamu na shukrani, halafu hukumu juu ya matatizo ya Wakristo hasa kufarakana (1Kor 1:10-16; 2:1-4:16), kuzini na kushtakiana mahakamani (1Kor 5-6). Baada ya hapo akaanza kujibu maswali yao mbalimbali: kuhusu ndoa na [[useja]] (1Kor 7), nyama zilizotolewa sadaka kwa miungu (1Kor 8:1-11:1), mwenendo katika ibada na karama (1Kor 11:20-33; 12:4-13:13; 14:18-40), na hatimaye ufufuko wa wafu (1Kor 15:1-28,33-49). Mwishoni kuna maagizo, taarifa na salamu mbalimbali (1Kor 16:1-4). Ndiyo sababu barua ni ndefu na inagusa mambo mengi ambayo Paulo aliyatazama kwa hekima ya juu inayotokana na msalaba wa Kristo. Kati ya mambo mengi muhimu zaidi, barua hiyo inatunza simulizi la kwanza la [[karamu ya mwisho]] ya Bwana Yesu (11:23-25) na kanuni ya imani ya kwanza inayoorodhesha pia matokeo ya Kristo Mfufuka (15:3-8). Mdo 19:21-20:1 inasimulia alivyohama Efeso kutokana na matatizo kuzidi, akaelekea Makedonia na Ugiriki. Toka huko alipata nafasi ya kuhubiri huko [[Iliriko]], yaani [[Albania]] ya leo kwenda kaskazini (Rom 15:19). Wakati huo alipata habari tofauti kabisa kuhusu Wakorintho, akawaandikia tena na tena kabla hajawaendea kwa mara ya tatu. Labda kwa kuwa ni mshono wa barua hizo mbalimbali, mpangilio wa [[Waraka wa pili kwa Wakorintho]] haueleweki, ingawa ina salamu na shukrani mwanzoni, na salamu nyingine mwishoni kama kawaida. Katikati mada kuu ni tatu: kujitetea, mchango na mashambulizi dhidi ya wapinzani. Barua hiyo inatusaidia hasa kumjua Paulo mwenyewe (2Kor 11:1-12:13). ===[[Waraka kwa Waroma|Barua kwa Waroma]]=== [[File:El Greco - Apostles Peter and Paul - WGA10496.jpg|thumb|left|Mitume Petro na Paulo kadiri ya [[El Greco]].]] Ingawa Paulo alikaa Efeso miaka mitatu, moyo wake wa kimisionari haukutulia kwa sababu alikumbuka alivyotabiriwa atafanya kazi hata mbali zaidi. Ndiyo maana alitaka kwenda Ulaya magharibi, yaani Roma na halafu [[Hispania]], nchi iliyohesabika kuwa mwisho wa dunia. Ila kabla ya kwenda huko alipanga kuleta mchango wa Wakristo wa mataifa kwa wenzao wa Yerusalemu. Basi, mwishoni mwa miezi mitatu aliyokaa [[Korintho]] ([[Mdo]] 20:2-3) akijiandaa kupanda [[meli]], yaani mwanzoni mwa mwaka [[58]], Paulo aliwaandikia Wakristo wa Roma ili kuandaa [[utume]] atakaoufanya katika [[jiji]] hilo. Huko [[Ukristo]] uliingia toka mwanzo kabisa, ukiletwa na baadhi ya [[Wayahudi]] wengi walioishi Roma ambao [[ubatizo|walibatizwa]] [[Yerusalemu]] kwenye [[Pentekoste]] ya mwaka [[30]]. Wayahudi wote walipofukuzwa na [[Kaisari Klaudio]] ([[49]]), Wakristo wa mataifa mengine wakabaki ndio wengi, nao wakaachana na masharti mbalimbali za [[Uyahudi|Kiyahudi]], kama yale kuhusu vyakula. [[Muda]] mfupi baada ya Klaudio kufa ([[54]]), Wayahudi walianza kurudi, kumbe wakakuta mabadiliko hayo makubwa ndani ya [[Kanisa]], nao wakajiona wamewekwa pembeni kidogo, kama si kudharauliwa na Wakristo wa mataifa. Mtume Paulo akijua [[umuhimu]] wa Roma, [[mji mkuu]] wa [[ulimwengu]] wa zamani hizo, aliwaandikia Wakristo wa huko [[barua]] ndefu tena nzito kuliko zote. Alitaka kuwaeleza kwa maandishi ya mpango mafundisho yake kuhusu [[wokovu]], kwa sababu walikuwa wamesikia habari tofautitofauti juu yake bila ya kukutana naye. Pamoja na kuwaandaa hivyo wampokee vizuri, alichukua nafasi ya kuimarisha [[umoja]] wao ulioingia [[dosari]]. Akiandika kwa [[utulivu]] mkubwa kuhusu mambo aliyokwishawaongelea kwa [[hasira]] [[Wagalatia]], Paulo aliweza kuinua pande zote mbili za [[Kanisa]] hilo zielewe zaidi [[fumbo]] la mpango wa [[Mungu]] kwa ajili ya watu wote, na hivyo ziheshimiane kwa [[upendo]], ulio [[utimilifu]] wa [[Torati]]. Hasa aliwaonya Wakristo wa mataifa wasidharau [[Wayahudi]], kwa sababu hao bado ni wateule wa Mungu. Mtume Paulo akijua umuhimu wa Roma, mji mkuu wa ulimwengu wa zamani hizo, aliwaandikia Wakristo wa huko barua ndefu tena nzito kuliko zote. Ingawa haina mafundisho yote ya Paulo, barua hii imechangia [[teolojia]] ya Kikristo kwa kiasi kikubwa, hasa upande wa [[magharibi]]. Kwa namna ya pekee inajibu kinaganaga maswali kuhusu [[wokovu]]: unapatikana kwa njia gani? Kwa nini Wayahudi wengi walishindwa kumuamini [[Yesu]] ili kuupata? Kwa nini mataifa yameupokea badala yao? Aliyepata wokovu anaishi vipi? Je, Wayahudi wametupwa moja kwa moja? Ndiyo sehemu kuu ya barua ([[Rom]] 1:16-32; 2:1-29; 3:9-20; 3:21-31; 4:1-8; 4:23-25; 5:1-21; 6:1-14; 7:7-25; 8:1-39; 9:1-5; 11:1-36), ambayo inafuata [[salamu]] (1:1-8) na [[shukrani]]. Paulo alisisitiza kwamba wote ni wakosefu na wanaweza kuokolewa na Mungu tu: hiyo ni [[neema]] tupu, maana hakuna anayeweza kuistahili kwa [[juhudi]] zake. Neema hiyo tunaipata kwa kumuamini [[Yesu]] ambaye alikufa akafufuka kwa ajili yetu ili sisi tuishi upya kwa ajili yake tukiongozwa na [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. Chini yake Mkristo atafanya mema mengi na makubwa kuliko yale yanayodaiwa na Torati, ambayo ni njema lakini haitutii [[nguvu]] ya kuitekeleza. Upande wa mataifa, toka mwanzo Mungu aliwapa [[mwongozo]] mwingine wa maisha, yaani [[dhamiri]]. Hata hivyo pande zote mbili zilishindwa kufaidika na miongozo hiyo wakahitaji [[msaada]] bora zaidi ili kumpendeza Mungu. [[Uadilifu]] sasa unapatikana kwa [[imani]] na [[ubatizo]] katika [[kifo]] na [[ufufuko wa Yesu]]. Hiyo njia mpya ya Mungu kuwaokoa watu wote haiendi kinyume cha ahadi zake kwa Israeli ya Kale. Paulo anathibitisha hilo kwa hatua nne akitumia madondoo mengi ya Agano la Kale. Hamzungumzii Myahudi mmojammoja, bali wote jumla; wala hazungumzii jukumu lao kuhusu kifo cha Yesu. [[Maadili]] mema yatafuata kama matunda, na Paulo, kama kawaida ya Wakristo wa kwanza, baada ya [[ujumbe]] au fundisho la [[imani]], anayaeleza hasa katika sehemu ya pili ambayo ina [[mawaidha]] mbalimbali (Rom 12:1-2,9-21; 13:8-14), yakifuatwa na [[taarifa]], [[salamu]] na [[doksolojia]]. Kwa kuwa Paulo hakuwafahamu vizuri Wakristo wa Roma, maneno yake ni ya jumla na si ya mpango. Hasa ni kwamba madai ya [[Torati]] hayawezi kuongoza mwenendo wa Mkristo, lakini huyo anatakiwa kuzingatia anavyodaiwa hasa [[upendo]] kwa wote. Maisha ya Mkristo yawe [[ibada]] kwa [[Mungu]] katika [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. [[Umoja wa Kanisa]] unamdai ajitahidi kushinda mabaya kwa mema. Kila [[kiungo]] cha [[mwili]] huo mmoja anadaiwa [[juhudi]] kwa ajili ya [[ustawi wa wote]] ili [[maisha]] yawe [[sadaka]] kwa Mungu. Akigusa zaidi maisha ya [[Kanisa la Roma]] ya wakati huo, yaliyovurugwa na masuala madogomadogo kuhusu vyakula na [[sikukuu]], Paulo alidai wenye nguvu watekeleze upendo kwa walio dhaifu zaidi, pamoja na [[busara]], uelewa, mfano wa [[Yesu]] na [[uaminifu]] kwake. Maelekezo hayo yanaweza kusaidia daima kukabili mvutano wowote kati ya wenye mitazamo tofauti (finyu na mpana, au wa kizamani na wa kisasa zaidi). Lengo ni ule [[umoja]] uliofundishwa katika [[sura]] nane za kwanza. ===Ukristo baada ya Paulo kufika Roma=== [[File:Crucifixion of Saint Peter-Caravaggio (c.1600).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Kusulubiwa kwa Mt. Petro]]'' kadiri ya [[Caravaggio]].]] Paulo kupeleka [[mchango]] Yerusalemu (Mdo 20:16-21:36) ndio mwisho wa kipindi cha utume wake mkubwa zaidi. Sura tisa za mwisho za Matendo ya Mitume zinatusimulia kinaganaga habari zake kuanzia 58 hadi 63, ambapo karibu miaka yote alikaa kifungoni akisubiri kesi (Mdo 23:12-24; 24:22-25:22; 28:11-16,23:30). Bila ya shaka ilikuwa ya majaribu makubwa kwake, lakini ilimpa nafasi ya kutafakari mafumbo ya wokovu kwa undani zaidi tena, na ya kumshuhudia Kristo mbele ya wafalme ([[Agripa II]] na nyumba ya [[Kaisari]]) alivyotabiriwa. Kwa Luka ni muhimu sana kwamba Paulo alifika Roma na kuanza huko kazi yake ya utume, kiasi kwamba hakuendelea kuandika kilichofuata. Hasa kwamba mwaka 64 mfalme [[Nero]] alianza dhuluma za serikali dhidi ya Wakristo zilizoendelea mpaka 313, ingawa si mfululizo. Petro na Paulo waliuawa mjini Roma kati ya mwaka huo na mwaka 68, wakiliachia Kanisa la mji huo usimamizi wa makanisa yote. Kuhusu kipindi hicho tuna ushahidi wa vitabu mbalimbali vya Kipagani, vya Kiyahudi na vya Kikristo. Baadhi yake ni vile vya mwisho vya Agano Jipya ambavyo tunataka kuendelea kuvichambua. Waandishi wake pengine walitumia majina ya mitume ili kuyapa nguvu maandiko yao: inawezekana walikuwa warithi wa mamlaka yao na kuendeleza kazi zao. Mkazo wa vitabu hivyo unaelekea miundo ya Kanisa ([[uchungaji]]) kuliko umisionari ([[uvuvi]]). Katika hiyo miaka ya mwisho ya ufunuo, Wakristo wa mataifa wakazidi kuwapita wale wa Kiyahudi kwa idadi na kwa umuhimu. Nafasi ya Yerusalemu katika Kanisa ulizidi kupungua kutokana na hali ya nchi, yaani vurugu kati ya Wayahudi, Wayunani na serikali ya kikoloni. Mwaka 62 Yakobo, ndugu wa Bwana na kiongozi wa Kanisa la huko, aliuawa na Wayahudi. Tangu mwaka 66 hadi 73 hao walipigania uhuru wakashindwa; mwaka 70 Yerusalemu ulitekwa tena na Waroma na kuteketezwa pamoja na hekalu lake. Kuanzia hapo hadi leo [[dini ya Kiyahudi]] imebaki haina ukuhani wala sadaka; nguvu yake ni katika masinagogi inapofanyika ibada ya Neno la Mungu chini ya [[walimu wa sheria]]. Maangamizi hayo yalizidi kutenganisha Wakristo na Wayahudi, hasa kwa sababu Wakristo wa Yerusalemu walikimbilia ng’ambo ya Yordani badala ya kupigania uhuru, halafu wakarudi mjini mpaka vita vya pili vya Kiyahudi (132-135) ambapo Waroma wakabomoa tena Yerusalemu na kuwafukuza Wayahudi wote wasiweze hata kuingia wilayani na kuona kwa mbali mlima wake. ===[[Waraka kwa Wakolosai|Barua kwa Wakolosai]]=== Kanisa la mji huo wa biashara karibu na Efeso lilianzishwa na mwanafunzi wa Paulo, labda [[Epafra]], halafu likaingiwa na mafundisho ya ajabuajabu yaliyochanganya mambo ya Kiyahudi na ya Kipagani na yaliyozingatia mno ukuu wa [[malaika]] juu ya ulimwengu. Ndiyo sababu huenda Paulo, akiwa kifungoni Roma kati ya miaka 61 na 63, akawajibika kuliandikia barua inayoonyesha kuwa Kristo ni mkuu kuliko wote: vyote kabisa viliumbwa kwa njia yake na kwa ajili yake, tena katika ubinadamu wake umo utimilifu wote wa Mungu. Yeye ndiye “fumbo” kwa kuwa Mungu ametimiza mpango wa wokovu kwa njia yake. Hakuna sababu ya kutafuta kwingine hekima na maarifa, wala ya kujiwekea masharti ya kibinadamu yasiyosaidia kuokoka (Kol 1:13-29; 2:6-3:4; 3:5-17). Mpangilio wa barua ni kama kawaida: utangulizi, mafundisho ya imani, maonyo kuhusu uzushi, mawaidha na hatima. ===[[Waraka kwa Waefeso|Barua kwa Waefeso]]=== Paulo aliweza kuandika barua hii akiwa kifungoni Roma kati ya miaka 61 na 63 ili isomwe katika makanisa yote ya mkoa wa Asia Ndogo, wenye makao makuu Efeso. Mafundisho yake yanalingana na yale ya barua kwa Wakolosai ila yamechimbwa zaidi, kiasi kwamba barua hii inaonekana kuwa kilele cha teolojia ya Paulo. Pamoja na kuchambua fumbo la wokovu katika Kristo, inachambua hasa fumbo la Kanisa kama [[mwili wa Kristo]] ambamo kichwa kinaeneza wokovu ulimwenguni kote. Kwa msingi huo inasisitiza na kudai umoja kamili kati ya waamini (Ef 1:1-2; 1:17-23; 2:11-22; 3:1-21; 4:1-16). ===[[Nyaraka za Kichungaji|Barua tatu za Kichungaji]]=== Jina hilo linajumlisha barua moja kwa [[Tito]] na mbili kwa Timotheo, ambao walikuwa washiriki wakuu wa utume wa Paulo, wakawa waandamizi wake. Wataalamu wanabishana sana kuhusu mtunzi wa barua hizo, wengi wakidhani zimeandikwa na mfuasi wa Paulo mwaka 95 hivi, huku wengine wakishikilia aliziandika mwenyewe, kwa msaada wa karani fulani, miaka ya mwisho ya maisha yake (63-67), ambapo baada ya kufunguliwa aliweza kusafiri tena mashariki (Ugiriki na nchi za kandokando) na pengine hata magharibi (Hispania). Barua ya pili kwa Timotheo inaonekana kama wasia wake alioandika kifungoni akisubiri kuuawa. Barua hizo zinaitwa za kichungaji kwa kuwa ziliandikwa kwa maaskofu hao ili kuwasaidia kufanya vizuri kazi zao, hasa kwa kushika imani sahihi, kupinga uzushi, kuchagua vizuri viongozi ambao wawawekee mikono, kuchunga vema Wakristo wa aina mbalimbali, kuwa na mwongozo kuhusu ibada, n.k. Ndiyo sababu ni muhimu sana kwa miundo ya Kanisa iliyokuwa mbioni kupata sura yake ya kudumu. Pamoja na hayo zinahimiza kukubali mateso kwa ajili ya Injili: ndio msimamo wa Mchungaji mwema (Tito 1:5-9; 2; 1Tim 1:18-2:10; 3:1-4:16; 6:2b-21; 2Tim. 1:3-14; 2:1-18; 3:14-17; 4:1-8). ===[[Waraka wa kwanza wa Petro|Barua ya kwanza ya Petro]]=== Mtume Paulo alipokaribia kumaliza kazi yake, wengine kati ya mitume na wanafunzi wao walianza kuandika kwa uvuvio wa Roho Mtakatifu. Mmojawao ni Petro, kwa msaada wa Sila, akiwa Roma karibu na kuuawa. Baada ya kufanya utume Antiokia, aliweza kwa urahisi kutembelea mikoa ya Uturuki Kaskazini wa leo. Wakristo wa huko ndio walioandikiwa barua hii yenye mafundisho na ibada kuhusu ubatizo na Pasaka. Pamoja na hayo walihimizwa wasiogope maneno ya watu wengine wasiopendezwa na uongofu wao: hali ngumu ni fursa ya kulingana zaidi na Yesu mpole na mteswa (1Pet 1:1-12; 2:19-25; 3:13-5:14). ===[[Waraka kwa Waebrania|Barua kwa Waebrania]]=== Miaka hiyohiyo ya 60 Mkristo mwingine, mwenye asili ya Kiyahudi na elimu ya Kiyunani, aliwaandikia Wakristo wa Kiyahudi wenzake si barua hasa bali hotuba kamili iliyoambatanishwa na kipande cha barua. Hali iliyosababisha uandishi ni baadhi yao kuvutiwa tena na dini yao asili na ibada zake hekaluni: kishawishi kilikuwa kikubwa hasa kwa sababu Kanisa lilikuwa bado mwanzoni, bila ya mahali maalumu pa kusali wala ibada za fahari. Mwandishi aliwaonya kuwa wakimuasi Yesu hawamrudii Mungu aliye hai, aliyejifunua hasa katika Mwanae, bali wanamsulubisha tena kwa makusudi mazima na kustahili tu moto wa milele. Sehemu kubwa ya maandishi hayo inalinganisha Yesu na ukuhani wake katika hekalu la mbinguni upande mmoja, na ukuhani wa Agano la Kale huko Yerusalemu upande mwingine. Hivyo mwandishi alielekeza [[safari ya kiroho]] katika imani inayofanana na ile ya watakatifu wa Agano la Kale. Kwa kuwa lengo halikuwa la kinadharia, bali kuhimiza uaminifu, kila baada ya kuchambua ukweli fulani aliongeza mawaidha ya kufaa. Ubora wake ni kulinganisha mambo ya kale na utimilifu wake katika Agano Jipya, pia kuthibitisha ukuu wa Kristo kama kuhani wa milele (Eb 1:1-2:4; 4:11-5:10; 7:1-8:13; 10:19-11:40; 13:22-25). ===[[Injili Ndugu]]=== Tulivyoona, kwa muda wa miaka 30 na zaidi Wakristo walitangaza habari za Yesu hasa kwa midomo, halafu kwa barua na maandishi mengineyo. Lakini wakati huohuo (miaka ya 50?) baadhi yao walianza kukusanya kwa maandishi ushuhuda wa mitume na wengineo kuhusu mafundisho na maisha ya Yesu, kama vile mifano aliyoitoa, mabishano yake na Mafarisayo, na hasa mateso yake. Kati yao tunaambiwa Mathayo aliandika kwa Kiaramu, ingawa hatuna hata kipande cha kitabu chake na cha vinginevyo. Ila Wainjili wetu walivisoma na kuvitumia kwa kutunga vya kwao. Baada ya Injili zao nne kupatikana, Kanisa likaacha vitabu vya kwanzakwanza hata vikapotea. Wataalamu wengi wanakubaliana kusema Marko ndiye aliyetangulia kuandika kitabu kamili juu ya maisha na mafundisho ya Yesu kuanzia utume wa Yohane Mbatizaji hadi ufufuko wake. Ndiye aliyekiita kitabu cha namna hiyo Injili, hata neno hilo, lililokuwa na maana ya ujumbe kuhusu Yesu, likaja kuwa na maana mpya ya kitabu cha habari za Yesu. Marko aliandika akiwa Roma mwaka 65 hivi, mara baada ya serikali kuanza kuwatesa Wakristo, na akiwa na nia ya kuwaimarisha katika dhuluma. Baada ya Marko, watu wawili tena waliandika vitabu kama cha kwake, wakikitegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa na kukipanua kwa habari za utoto wa Yesu, mafundisho mengi zaidi n.k. Wataalamu wanaona Injili hizo za Mathayo na Luka ziliandikwa kati ya miaka 80 na 90, hata hatujui ipi imetangulia. Mazingira ni yaleyale ya Mashariki ya Kati, labda Antiokia, ila walengwa ni tofauti. Injili ya Mathayo iliandikwa kwa ajili ya Wakristo wa Kiyahudi wakati mabishano kati ya Kanisa na Israeli yalipozidi, na ina lengo la kuwaimarisha katika imani yao kuwa Yesu ndiye Masiya, ndiye Musa mpya. Kumbe Luka ambaye alikuwa Mpagani kwanza aliwaandikia hasa Wakristo wa mataifa akisisitiza upendo wa Yesu kwa wote, na kwa namna ya pekee kwa maskini, wakosefu na wengine waliodharauliwa. Injili hizo tatu zinaitwa “ndugu” kwa jinsi zinavyofanana katika mpangilio, katika habari na pengine katika maneno yenyewe; kwa Kigiriki zinaitwa “sunoptiki”, yaani zinazotazamika kwa pamoja. Kama tulivyoeleza, Luka aliiongezea Injili yake kitabu cha pili, yaani Matendo ya Mitume, kama mwendelezo wake, kwa kuwa aliona kazi ya Kristo inakamilishwa na Roho Mtakatifu katika ile ya Kanisa. ===[[Waraka wa Yakobo|Barua ya Yakobo]]=== Kitabu kingine ambacho labda kiliandikwa miaka ya 80 kina jina la [[Yakobo]], lakini wataalamu hawapatani kuhusu huyo ni nani, aliandika wapi na lini. Kwa hakika walengwa wa kitabu ni Wakristo wa Kiyahudi wenzake, lakini si barua halisi, bali ni mchanganyiko wa mawaidha yanayofuata mtindo wa vitabu vya hekima. Lengo lake ni kuhakikisha Ukristo usiishie katika mawazo mazuri, bali imani ijitokeze katika matendo mema. Lengo lingine ni kuwakuza mafukara na kuwakemea matajiri, kadiri ya mwelekeo wa Kanisa la Yerusalemu (Yak 1:1-2:26; 4:1-5:6). ===[[Waraka wa Yuda|Barua ya Yuda]]=== Hatujui vizuri mwandishi wa barua hii ni nani (ingawa anajiita ndugu wa Yakobo), wala aliandika lini (wengi wanakisia miaka ya 80), wala aliwaandikia akina nani (barua ni kwa wote, ingawa baadhi wanahisi walengwa kuwa ni Wakristo wa Kiyahudi walio nje ya Israeli). Ujumbe ni kujihadhari na wazushi wanaobunibuni mafundisho mapya badala ya kushika imani ile iliyofunuliwa mara moja na ikatosha; ujumbe huo ulitolewa kwa kuwatukana na kuwalaani wazushi hao ([[Waraka wa Yuda|Yuda]] 1-4, 17-25). ===[[Waraka wa pili wa Petro|Barua ya pili ya Petro]]=== Siku hizi wataalamu wanakubaliana kukanusha barua hiyo kuwa imeandikwa kweli na [[Mtume Petro]], wakisema ni kitabu cha mwisho kuandikwa katika Biblia (labda Roma mwaka 100 hivi). Kwa hakika iliandikwa baada ya barua ya Yuda, kwa sababu inatumia maneno yake mengi. Inawezekana mwandishi alitumia vilevile maneno ya Petro ambayo sasa yamepotea; kwa vyovyote aliandika kwa mamlaka yake kwa makanisa yote ili kuthibitisha mapokeo. Pamoja na kupinga uzushi, lengo la barua ni kueleza sababu gani Bwana anachelewa kurudi. Mafundisho mengine muhimu yaliyomo yanahusu uvuvio wa Roho Mtakatifu juu ya waandishi wa Biblia (Paulo mmojawao), wito wetu wa kushiriki umungu, uwepo wa ulimwengu mpya baada ya huu wa sasa kuangamizwa (2Pet 1:3-11,19 21; 3:8-18). ===[[Ufunuo wa Yohane]]=== Kundi la mwisho la vitabu vya Agano Jipya linajulikana kwa jina la Yohane, kwa kuwa Injili ya nne, barua tatu na kitabu cha Ufunuo viliandikwa na mtume huyo na wanafunzi wake. Akiwa kijana kuliko mitume wenzake, Yohane alijaliwa kuishi miaka mingi na kuandika hadi miaka 70 hivi baada ya Yesu kwenda mbinguni. Miaka hiyo yote alizidi kutafakari na kuhubiri maneno na matendo ya Bwana akitambua mafumbo mengi yaliyofichika ndani yake. Pengine alirekebisharekebisha maandiko yake mpaka mwishoni, halafu akawaachia wanafunzi wake kuyakamilisha na kuyaeneza kati ya Wakristo wa mkoa wa Efeso ambapo Yohane aliongoza Kanisa miaka mingi. Ufunuo ni kitabu pekee cha kinabii katika Agano Jipya; kilikamilika mwaka 95 hivi; lengo lake ni kuwaimarisha katika tumaini Wakristo waliozidi kudhulumiwa na serikali ya Roma. Kimejaa mafumbo kama kawaida ya mtindo wa kiapokaliptiko. Mtindo huo ni mgumu kueleweka kwa sababu mwandishi hakuweza kutamka wazi watesi watakaoangamizwa ni akina nani. Tena alipenda kusisitiza anatoboa siri za Mungu alizojaliwa kuzijua kwa njia za ajabu (njozi, malaika n.k.). Tunahitaji kutafsiri mifano mingi (vitu, viungo, rangi n.k.) na tarakimu (saba, kumi na mbili n.k.). Kwa ajili hiyo ni muhimu kujua maana zake katika Biblia (Ufunuo umejaa madondoo ya Agano la Kale: mistari 274 kwa 404!). Mpangilio wake kwanza una barua saba kwa makanisa ya mkoa wa Efeso, halafu sura 4-22 zina unabii kuhusu mambo yajayo, yaani vita vikali zaidi na zaidi kati ya Kristo na shetani ambaye anatumia dini na serikali za Kipagani. Ushindi utakuwa wa Kristo na Kanisa, ambao hatimaye wanachorwa kama bwanaarusi na bibiarusi katika utukufu wa Mungu. (Ufu 1;4-5; 12; 21-22). ===Injili ya Yohane=== Injili hiyo ni tofauti sana na zile ndugu kwa mtindo na kwa mpangilio, kwa mafundisho na kwa habari zenyewe. Labda Yohane alisoma walau mojawapo, asipende kurudia habari zilezile, bali kuzikamilisha na kuzisahihisha akiwa ni shahidi bora kati ya mitume wote. Hata hivyo hakutaka kuandika kitabu cha historia tu, bali habari njema hasa kwa kuchimba ishara alizozitenda Yesu zinazotufumbulia fumbo lake mwenyewe na sakramenti zake. Lengo ni kuwafanya wasomaji wamuamini kuwa ni Mwana wa Mungu na kwa kumuamini wapate uzima wa milele. Injili hiyo inatudai tukomae katika maisha ya sala na kutafakari, tukizidi kumuuliza Yesu, “Wewe ni nani?”. Katika Injili hiyo atatupa jibu moja baada ya lingine. Kitabu kilikaribia kukamilika mwaka 90 hivi; toleo la mwisho na sura ya 21 ni kazi ya wanafunzi wa Yohane miaka kama 10 baadaye (Yoh. 20:30-31; 21:24-25). ===Barua tatu za Yohane=== Ziliandikwa kati ya mwaka 90 na 100, wakati ambapo jumuia za wafuasi wa Yohane zilianza kusambaratika. Mafundisho na lugha vinalingana na Injili ya nne. [[Waraka wa tatu wa Yohane|Barua ya tatu]] na [[Waraka wa pili wa Yohane|ya pili]] hazina mafundisho muhimu, tofauti na ile [[Waraka wa kwanza wa Yohane|ya kwanza]] inayodai [[imani sahihi]] na maisha matakatifu ili mtu astahili kuitwa Mkristo kweli. Inakaza [[umwilisho]] wa [[Mwana wa Mungu]] na haja ya kuishi kwa uadilifu, na hasa kwa upendo (1Yoh 1:1-4; 2:3-11; 3:11-4:21; 2Yoh 7-13). ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.salvationhistory.com Kozi Katoliki juu ya Biblia] [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Biblia]] [[Jamii:Vitabu vya Agano la Kale]] [[Jamii:Vitabu vya Agano Jipya]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] olr9cv2f9edhri950gsm1ognhs48uaw 0 17170 1578989 1517245 2026-07-10T00:23:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kitabu cha Hekima''' au '''Hekima ya Solomoni''' ni cha mwisho kuandikwa (miaka 50 hivi [[KK]]) katika ya [[vitabu]] vya [[deuterokanoni]] vya [[Agano la Kale]] katika [[Biblia ya Kikristo]]. Hupangwa kati ya [[vitabu vya hekima]], [[kichwa]] chake kinavyodokezwa. Kama vitabu vyote vya [[Biblia]], hiki pia kinatakiwa kisomwe katika mfululizo wa [[historia ya wokovu]] ili kukielewa kadiri ya maendeleo ya [[ufunuo]] wa [[Mungu]] kwa [[binadamu]]. ==Mwandishi== Ingawa [[mwandishi]] anajidai kuwa [[mfalme Solomoni]] ili kutia maanani [[ujumbe]] wake, [[wataalamu]] wanasema [[lugha]] fasaha na mawazo vinaonyesha wazi [[asili]] yake katika [[mazingira]] ya [[Kigiriki]] ya [[Aleksandria]] ([[Misri]]). Alikuwa [[Myahudi]] msomi katika [[dini]], [[falsafa]] na [[maadili]]. [[Uchunguzi]] makini umeonyesha jinsi [[mashairi]] yake yametungwa kwa [[hesabu]] kali sana. ==Mafundisho== Kati ya michango yake upande wa [[teolojia]] kuna fundisho la kutokufa kwa [[roho]], lakini pia [[utabiri]] juu ya [[mateso]] ya [[Yesu]] na [[Milele|umilele]] wa [[Hekima]] ya [[Mungu]]. ==Sala ya kujiombea hekima (Hek 9:1-6)== "Ee Mungu wa baba zetu, Bwana, mwenye kuihifadhi rehema yako, umevifanya vitu vyote kwa neno lako; na kwa Hekima yako ukamwumba mwanadamu, ili avitawale viumbe vilivyoumbwa nawe, na kumiliki ulimwengu katika utakatifu na kwa haki, na kutoa hukumu kwa unyofu wa moyo. Nakusihi unipe Hekima, ambayo huketi karibu nawe katika kiti chako cha enzi, wala usinikatae mimi miongoni mwa watumishi wako; mimi niliye mtumwa wako, na mwana wa mjakazi wako, mtu dhaifu asiye na siku nyingi, wala sina nguvu ya kufahamu hukumu na sheria. Kwa maana mtu ajapokuwa ni mkamilifu miongoni mwa wanadamu, pasipo Hekima itokayo kwako atahesabiwa kuwa si kitu". ==Marejeo== {{refbegin}} * {{Rejea kitabu |last = Grabbe |first = Lester L. |title = Wisdom of Solomon |year = 2004 |publisher = A&C Black |url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=RQ_UAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=%22question+of+the+unity+of+the+wisdom+of+solomon%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbhpDO7bzTAhWGS7wKHS0nCoYQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=%22question%20of%20the%20unity%20of%20the%20wisdom%20of%20solomon%22&f=false |ref = harv |isbn = }} * {{Rejea kitabu |last = Hayman |first = A. Peter |chapter = The Wisdom of Solomon |editor1-last = Dunn |editor1-first = James D. G. |editor2-last = Rogerson |editor2-first = John William |title = Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible |year = 2003 |publisher = Eerdmans |url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA763&dq=%22The+wisdom+of+solomon+was+written+in+Greek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE7bvb4LzTAhWFyrwKHWiLCYYQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20wisdom%20of%20solomon%20was%20written%20in%20Greek%22&f=false |ref = harv |isbn = }} * {{Rejea kitabu |last = Horbury |first = William |chapter = The Wisdom of Solomon |editor1-last = Barton |editor1-first = John |editor2-last = Muddiman |editor2-first = John |title = The Oxford Bible Commentary |year = 2007 |publisher = Oxford University Press |url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DWUTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA650&dq=%22preserved+in+Greek+and+in+versions+made+from+the+Greek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3vOe54bzTAhUMvrwKHRjVAoIQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=%22preserved%20in%20Greek%20and%20in%20versions%20made%20from%20the%20Greek%22&f=false |ref = harv |isbn = }} * {{Rejea kitabu |last = Tanzer |first = Sarah J. |chapter = The Wisdom of Solomon |editor1-last = Newsom |editor1-first = Carol Ann |editor2-last = Ringe |editor2-first = Sharon H. |title = Women's Bible Commentary |year = 1998 |publisher = Westminster John Knox Press |url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ymp4S2qZJ4cC&pg=PA293&dq=%22wisdom+of+solomon+is+an+exhortatory+discourse%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv6Zbgg7_TAhVFupQKHQPKARUQ6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=%22wisdom%20of%20solomon%20is%20an%20exhortatory%20discourse%22&f=false |ref = harv |isbn = }} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Wikisource|Wisdom of Solomon}} *[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/KjvSolo.html Wisdom of Solomon] {{Wayback|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/KjvSolo.html |date=20101206150400 }} - King James version from University of Virginia *[http://st-takla.org/pub_Deuterocanon/Deuterocanon-Apocrypha_El-Asfar_El-Kanoneya_El-Tanya__4-Wisdon-of-Solomon.html The Book of Wisdom] - Full text (Douay-Rheims version) from http://St-Takla.org (also available in [http://st-takla.org/pub_Deuterocanon/Deuterocanon-Apocrypha_El-Asfar_El-Kanoneya_El-Tanya__4-Wisdon-of-Solomon_.html Arabic]) *[http://www.latinvulgate.com/verse.aspx?t=0&b=25 The Book of Wisdom] - Latin Vulgate with Douay-Rheims version side-by-side *[http://www.drbo.org/lvb/book/25.htm The Book of Wisdom] {{Wayback|url=http://www.drbo.org/lvb/book/25.htm |date=20100619174439 }} - Latin Vulgate *[http://www.john-uebersax.com/plato/wisdom2.htm The Book of Wisdom] {{Wayback|url=http://www.john-uebersax.com/plato/wisdom2.htm |date=20110705065631 }} - Septuagint Greek text *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15666a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Book of Wisdom] *[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=211&letter=W&search=Wisdom Jewish Encyclopedia: WISDOM OF SOLOMON, BOOK OF THE] *[http://www.bombaxo.com/allusions.html NT Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bombaxo.com/allusions.html |date=20071014070146 }} *[http://www.franciscans.org.au/spirituality/campion/Bonaventure%20Book%20of%20Wisdom/wisdom.htm St. Bonaventure's Commentary on the Book of Wisdom] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.org.au/spirituality/campion/Bonaventure%20Book%20of%20Wisdom/wisdom.htm |date=20100806121635 }} *[http://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Naphtali+Herz+Wessely%22&lr=&id=9NU9AAAAIAAJ&as_brr=1 Naphtali Herz Wessely's commentary on the Wisdom of Solomon (Hebrew)] *[http://www.archive.org/stream/bookofwisdomgree00deanrich#page/44/mode/2up Vulgate, LXX and English] *[http://www.archive.org/details/wisdom_drv_0807_librivox archive.org] - mp3-version of 'The Book of Wisdom', [http://www.archive.org/download/wisdom_drv_0807_librivox/wisdom_01-10_drv_64kb.mp3 chapters 1-10] and [http://www.archive.org/download/wisdom_drv_0807_librivox/wisdom_11-19_drv_64kb.mp3 chapters 11-19] {{Biblia AK}} {{mbegu-Biblia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hekima}} [[Category:Vitabu vya Agano la Kale]] aa1mxzpmqq8uxfs7f7c0r83vavy3fyf 0 18882 1578986 1516421 2026-07-09T21:57:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578986 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" width="400px" |-- ! colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;font-size:larger;text-align:center;" | Kanisa la Kiinjili la Kilutheri Tanzania |-- | colspan="2" |[[Picha:Elct.gif|center|Kanisa la Kiinjili la Kilutheri Tanzania]] |-- ! [[Mkuu wa kanisa]]: | Askofu Dk. Alex Malasusa |-- ! Uhusiano: | [[All Africa Conference of Churches]] (AACC)<br />[[Jumuiya ya Kikristo Tanzania]] (CCT)<br />[[World Lutheran Federation]] |-- ! Idadi ya dayosisi: | 24 |-- ! Wanachama: | Milioni 8 hivi |-- ! Anuani ya barua: | P.O. Box 3033<br /> Arusha, Tanzania |-- ! Tovuti rasmi: | https://elct.or.tz/ {{Wayback|url=https://elct.or.tz/ |date=20240717194008 }} |} '''Kanisa la Kiinjili la Kilutheri Tanzania (KKKT)''' ni [[muungano]] wa [[Walutheri]] katika nchi ya [[Tanzania]]. Mwaka [[1938]] [[Kanisa|makanisa]] saba ya [[Kilutheri]] yaliungana kama Muungano wa Makanisa ya Kilutheri, na tarehe [[19 Juni]] [[1963]] yakawa Kanisa la Kiinjili la Kilutheri Tanzania.<ref>{{cite web | title = Homepage | publisher = Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania | date = 2007 | url = http://www.elct.org/ | accessdate = 2008-12-17 }}</ref> Lengo la KKKT ni kuwapa watu nafasi ya kumfahamu [[Yesu Kristo]] ili kupata [[uzima wa milele]]. Kanisa limejengwa juu ya [[msingi]] wa [[Yesu Kristo]], linaongozwa na [[Neno la Mungu]] kama linavyopatikana katika [[Agano la Kale]] na [[Agano Jipya]] ([[Biblia ya Kikristo]]), na limeimarishwa katika [[sakramenti]]. KKKT linaongozwa na Mkuu wa kanisa ([[Askofu Mkuu]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mabadiliko-ya-kishindo-kkkt-4348180</ref>) na [[askofu|maaskofu]] [[ishirini na sita]] kutoka [[dayosisi]] ishirini na saba, wakiwa na wanachama zaidi ya [[milioni]] 8 hivi <ref>{{cite web|title=Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania|url=https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/tanzania|website=News and Events|publisher=EECMY|access-date=December 1, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701165310/https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/tanzania|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanaolifanya kuwa la pili [[duniani]] kati ya makanisa ya Kilutheri (baada ya lile la [[Uswidi]]). [[Ofisi]] kuu ya KKKT iko katika [[mji]] wa [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]]. KKKT lina uhusiano na [[All Africa Conference of Churches]] (AACC), [[Christian Council of Tanzania|Jumuiya ya Kikristo Tanzania]] (CCT), [[Lutheran World Federation]] (LWF) na [[Lutheran Mission Cooperation]] (LMC). KKKT ni chama kinachowapa wanachama chake nafasi ya kumwabudu [[Mungu]], kupata elimu ya Kikristo na [[huduma]] nyingi nyingine. == Matawi == *Elimu (Sekondari na Chuo Kikuu) *Fedha na Utawala *Afya na Utabibu (Hospitali 21 na zahanati nyingi) *Umisheni na Uinjilisti *Upangaji na Maendeleo *Hudumu ya Jamii na Kazi ya Akinamama == Dayosisi == {| | * Dodoma * Iringa * Kati * Kaskazini * Kaskazini-Kati * Kaskazini-Mashariki<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.elct-ned.org/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-09-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325024755/http://www.elct-ned.org/ |archivedate=2017-03-25 }}</ref> * Kaskazini-Magharibi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.elct-nwd.org/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-09-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302173254/http://elct-nwd.org/ |archivedate=2011-03-02 }}</ref> * Karagwe * Konde * Kusini * Kusini-Kati * Kusini-Magharibi | * Kusini-Mashariki * Kusini-Mashariki kwa Ziwa Viktoria * Mashariki ya Ziwa Viktoria * Mashariki na Pwani * Mara * Mbulu * Meru * Morogoro * Pare * Ruvuma * Ulanga Kilombero * Ziwa Tanganyika |} == Tanbihi == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *{{en}} [https://elct.or.tz/ Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=https://elct.or.tz/ |date=20240717194008 }} Tovuti rasmi ya KKKT *{{en}} [http://www.lmc.or.tz/ Lutheran Mission Cooperation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lmc.or.tz/ |date=20081221212417 }} Tovuti rasmi ya LMC [[Jamii:Ukristo nchini Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Walutheri]] [[Jamii:Arusha]] kvltu7awi3rb8fvheb4uhv4w0bepw5i 0 42354 1579020 912989 2026-07-10T09:51:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sigtuna (gemeente) (66004171).jpg|thumb|200px| ''Ukumbi wa Sigtuna]] [[Picha:Sigtuna Municipality in Stockholm County.png|thumb|200px|]] '''Sigtuna''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 20,204 (mwaka 2005). Mji ulianzishwa [[980]] . == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 3.95 [[km²]]. Iko kando ya [[Ziwa Mälaren]]. Umbali na Jiji la [[Stockholm]] ni 40&nbsp;km. <gallery> Picha:Sigtuna olofs.jpg| ''Gofu la kanisa la Mtume Olof'' Picha:Storagatan.jpg|''Storgatan (barabara kubwa)'' Picha:Sigtuna runsten fragment.jpg| ''Jiwa ya Rune katika Sigtuna'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sigtuna.se www.sigtuna.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sigtuna.se/ |date=20160417153938 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 3g54q2zgckkjppjeeaac2b6y5ylb5kd 0 44092 1579003 897693 2026-07-10T09:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Goranssonarena huvudentre.JPG|thumb|200px| ''Kiwanja cha michezo katika Sandviken'']] [[Picha:Sandviken Municipality in Gävleborg County.png|thumb|200px|]] '''Sandviken''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 22,574 (mwaka 2005). Mji ulianzishwa [[1862]]. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 15.46 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Sandviken.jpg| ''Sandviken'' (kiswahili: hori ya mchanga) Picha:JensasParken Sandviken.JPG| ''Hifadhi ya Jensa'' Picha:Valhalla, Sandviken.JPG| ''Valhalla, Sandviken'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sandviken.se www.sandviken.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sandviken.se/ |date=20200906194203 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] dhx5xxr08atcri0pee63n24ingbjls6 0 75458 1578996 1537152 2026-07-10T04:35:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:H. Melito van Sardes, kerkvader Melito Bisschop van Sardis. Onderwysende inde Cristelyke Godsdienst (titel op object), RP-P-1896-A-19368-1267.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Melito wa Sardi]] '''Melito wa Sardi''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]] Μελίτων Σάρδεων, ''Melíton Sárdeon'') (alifariki mwaka [[180]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[mji]] huo karibu na [[Smirna]] katika [[rasi]] ya [[Anatolia]] (leo nchini [[Uturuki]]). Pamoja na kwamba [[maisha]] yake hayajulikani vizuri, katika [[Ukristo]] wa zamani aliheshimiwa sana: [[Jeromu]], akizungumzia [[Agano la Kale]] lilivyokubaliwa na Melito kuwa [[Neno la Mungu]], aliripoti maneno ya [[Tertullian]] kwamba waamini wengi wa [[Afrika Kaskazini]] walimhesabu kama [[nabii]]. Hata katika [[karne za kati]] jina lake liliendelea kutumika katika [[uandishi]] wa [[vitabu]] ili vithaminiwe zaidi. Leo anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa hasa [[tarehe]] [[1 Aprili]], lakini pia [[31 Agosti]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-melito-of-sardis/</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] *[[Mababu wa Kanisa]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Hansen, Adolf, and Melito. 1990. The "Sitz im Leben" of the paschal homily of Melito of Sardis with special reference to the paschal festival in early Christianity. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northwestern University, 1968. *Melito, and Bernhard Lohse. 1958. Die Passa-Homilie des Bischofs Meliton von Sardes. Textus minores, 24. Leiden: E.J. Brill.[http://worldcat.org/oclc/2716281] *Melito, J. B. Pitra, and Pier Giorgio Di Domenico. 2001. Clavis Scripturae. Visibile parlare, 4. Città del Vaticano: Libreria editrice vaticana. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/48976256] *Melito, J. B. Pitra, and Jean Pierre Laurant. 1988. Symbolisme et Ecriture: le cardinal Pitra et la "Clef" de Méliton de Sardes. Paris: Editions du Cerf. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/20831682] *Melito, and Josef Blank. 1963. Vom Passa: die älteste christliche Osterpredigt. Sophia, Quellen östlicher Theologie, Bd. 3. Freiburg im Breisgau: Lambertus-Verlag. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/2915168] *Melito, and Othmar Perler. 1966. Sur la Pâque et fragments. [[Sources Chrétiennes]], 123. Paris: Éditions du Cerf. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/1938040] *Melito, and Richard C. White. 1976. Sermon "On the Passover.". Lexington Theological Seminary Library. Occasional studies. Lexington, Ky: Lexington Theological Seminary Library. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/3504905] *Melito, and Stuart George Hall. 1979. On Pascha and fragments. Oxford early Christian texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/4867053] *Waal, C. van der, and Melito. 1973. Het Pascha der verlossing: de schriftverklaring in de homilie van Melito als weerspiegeling van de confrontatie tussen kerk en synagoge. Thesis—Universiteit van Suid-Afrika. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/6469730] *Waal, C. van der, and Melito. 1979. [http://worldcat.org/oclc/6551085 Het Pascha van onze verlossing: de Schriftverklaring in de paaspreek van Melito van Sardes als weerspiegeling van de confrontatie tussen kerk en synagoge in de tweede eeuw]. Johannesburg: De Jong. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10166b.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] Melito of Sardis *[http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp Melito, ''Homily on Passover'' (''Peri Pascha'')] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kerux.com/documents/KeruxV4N1A1.asp |date=20070312203732 }} from ''[[Kerux: The Journal of Northwest Theological Seminary]]'' *[http://humanities.uchicago.edu/journals/jsjournal/hanneken.html A different assembly of Melito’s ''Peri Pascha'' fragments] {{Wayback|url=http://humanities.uchicago.edu/journals/jsjournal/hanneken.html |date=20150331202556 }} *[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_0100-0200-_Melito_Sardum_in_Asia_Episcopus.html Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with Analytical Indexes] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki 180]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Wanateolojia wa Uturuki]] [[Category:Mababu wa Kanisa]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] f9kn426yj0p0aio68pvlj3nn7q0lo6d 0 84324 1578987 1526356 2026-07-09T22:00:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa (3434312871).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Utatu mtakatifu]], [[Addis Ababa]].]] '''Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia''' (kwa [[Kiamhara]] የኢትዮጵያ:ኦርቶዶክስ:ተዋሕዶ:ቤተ:ክርስቲያን, ''Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan'') ni [[madhehebu]] ya [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] iliyotawala watu wa jamii ya [[Waamhara]] kwa [[karne]] kadhaa hadi sasa. Wakristo hao wanaotaka kuzingatia [[imani sahihi]] ni sehemu muhimu katika [[utamaduni]] wa [[Ethiopia]] na [[Eritrea]]<ref>[http://www.ethiopar.net/English/basinfo/infoamra.htm FDRE States: Basic Information - Amhara] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopar.net/English/basinfo/infoamra.htm |date=20070310212630 }}, Population (accessed 26 Machi 2006)</ref>. Kwa sasa ni kubwa zaidi [[duniani]] kuliko mengine yote ya jamii ya [[Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi ya Mashariki]], likiwa na waumini [[milioni]] 45-50.<ref>{{cite web|last =|first =|title = Ethiopia: Orthodox Head Urges Churches to Work for Better World|url = http://allafrica.com/stories/200609121188.html|accessdate = 2006-09-13}}</ref> wengi wao wakiishi nchini Ethiopia,<ref>Berhanu Abegaz, [http://bxabeg.people.wm.edu/Ethiopia.Census%20Portrait.pdf "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities"] (accessed 6 April 2006)</ref> lakini pia [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Ulaya]] na [[Amerika]]. ==Historia== [[File:Display of Procesional Crosses, Church of Bet Maryam, Lalibela, Ethiopia (3230772118).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Padri]] wa Kiethiopia akionyesha [[Msalaba|misalaba]] kwa ajili ya [[maandamano]] ya [[ibada]].]] Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia linaendeleza [[ushirika]] na [[Kanisa la Misri]] tangu lilipoanzishwa na [[mtakatifu]] [[Frumensyo]] aliyetumwa na mtakatifu [[Atanasi]], [[Patriarki]] wa [[Aleksandria]] katikati ya [[karne ya 4]] [[BK]]. Hata hivyo mwaka [[1959]] lilikubaliwa liwe na Patriarki wake mwenyeji na kujiongoza. Kwa jumla [[Dayosisi|majimbo]] ni 44 na [[Askofu|maaskofu]] 60. ==Kalenda== Kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] ya huko [[Misri]], [[Epifania]] na [[Pasaka]] ni [[sikukuu]] muhimu sana, na husherehekewa kwa kufanya mambo kama vile [[Saumu|kufunga kula]] na kucheza. Pia kuna siku kadhaa katika [[mwaka]] ambapo ni [[mboga]] za [[Jani|majani]] pekee na [[samaki]] ndio huruhisiwa kuliwa. ==Desturi== [[Ndoa]] huweza kuanzishwa au kupangwa wakati [[mwanamume]] ana [[umri]] wa miaka kumi na..., au ishirini na... [[utamaduni|Kiutamaduni]], [[wasichana]] wanaruhusiwa kuolewa wakiwa na umri wa miaka 14 hadi 18, lakini katika [[karne ya 20]], mambo yamebadilika, hivyo sasa umri mdogo kuliko wote wa kuolewa ni miaka 18, na suala hili linasimamiwa na [[serikali]]. [[Ndoa ya kiserikali|Ndoa za kiserikali]] ni nyingi japo pia, wapo watu wanaofunga ndoa katika makani mbalimbali. Na baada ya kufunga ndoa kanisani, suala la [[talaka]] halipo na haliwezekani. Kila [[familia]] hufanya [[sherehe]] ya ndoa baada ya [[harusi]]. Tangu kuzaliwa, [[padri]] hutembelea familia kwa ajili ya kumbariki [[mtoto]], na pia [[tohara|kutahiri]] mtoto kama ni wa kiume. [[Mama]] wa mtoto, hutakiwa kukaa ndani kwa siku 40 baada ya kujifungua kama mtoto ni wa kiume na kukaa ndani kwa siku 80 kwa mtoto ni wa kike kabla ya kwenda kanisani kwa ajili ya [[ubatizo]]. == Sanaa == [[File:Icon - FrontLeft - Small.jpg|right|thumb|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Kiethiopia inayowaonyesha [[Yesu msulubiwa]], [[Bikira Maria]] na [[mtakatifu Joji]].]] [[Sanaa]] ya nchini Ethiopia kwa ujumla imeegamia katika masuala ya dini na michoro ya dini. Mmoja kati ya michoro mizuri zaidi ya vitu au watu wenye [[macho]] makubwa na mara nyingi huwa ni watu wanaohusiana na [[Biblia]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== {{refbegin}} *Archbishop Yesehaq. 1997. ''The Ethiopian Tewahedo Church: an Integrally African Church.'' Winston-Derek Publishers. *Mikre-Sellassie Gebre-Amanuel. 1993. “The Bible and Its Canon in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.” ''The Bible Translator'' 44/1:111-123. {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Ethiopian Orthodox Church}} *[http://ethiopianorthodox.org/biography/englishethiopianliturgy.pdf Divine Liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church] *[http://www.nazret.com/directory/index.php?c=57 Ethiopian Orthodox Church Directory] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nazret.com/directory/index.php?c=57 |date=20061120075520 }} Directory of Ethiopian Orthodox Churches *[http://www.ethiopianreview.com/directory_religion/ Ethiopian Review's Directory of Ethiopian churches] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopianreview.com/directory_religion/ |date=20160729193917 }} *[http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/religion.htm Ethiopian Religions – Christianity, Islam, Judaism & Paganism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/religion.htm |date=20201119205011 }} *[http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org/english/indexenglish.html Bilingual Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church site – English version] *[http://ethioview.com/religions-ethiopia.html List of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church websites] {{Wayback|url=http://ethioview.com/religions-ethiopia.html |date=20101218114000 }} *[http://www.eotc.faithweb.com/ Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church] (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -the oldest site) *[http://www.tewahedo.org/ Tewahedo Songs & Records] *[http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=7&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 CNEWA article by Ronald Roberson: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=7&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=HQ&pageno=1 |date=20191026210158 }} *[http://kidane-mehret.org/liturgy.html Historical Evolution of Ethiopian Anaphoras] {{Wayback|url=http://kidane-mehret.org/liturgy.html |date=20080704115943 }} *[http://www.ascleiden.nl/pdf/workingpaper52.pdf Abbink, J. ''A Bibliography on Christianity in Ethiopia''. Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2003] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ascleiden.nl/pdf/workingpaper52.pdf |date=20180128032229 }} ([[PDF]]) *[http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/harden_ethiopic_literature.htm AN INTRODUCTION TO Ethiopic Christian Literature BY J. M. HARDEN, D.D., LL.D. Canon of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 1926] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/harden_ethiopic_literature.htm |date=20090917033708 }} *[http://www.tewahedo.org/index.html Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church outside of Ethiopia – includes music and preaching] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tewahedo.org/index.html |date=20160717233114 }} *[https://secure.flickr.com/photos/alexeik/galleries/72157622849128261/ Ethiopian Crucifixes Gallery] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Category:Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Ukristo nchini Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Ethiopia]] qqnaacscl5xv20p21lvksqxc7eolhe7 0 97933 1578983 1141333 2026-07-09T21:02:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of the African Union.svg|thumb|250px|[[Ramani]] ya Umoja wa Afrika.]] '''Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''African Economic Community''', [[kifupi]]: '''AEC''') ni muundo wa nchi za [[Umoja wa Afrika]] ambao unaweka [[misingi]] ya [[maendeleo]] ya pamoja kati ya nchi zilizo nyingi za [[Afrika]]. [[Jumuiya]] ilianzishwa kwa [[Abuja Treaty]], iliyosainiwa [[mwaka]] [[1991]] na kuanza kufanya kazi mwaka [[1994]]. Kupitia [[hatua]] [[sita]], malengo ni kuanzisha [[maeneo ya biashara huru]], [[miungano ya forodha]], [[soko la pamoja]], [[benki kuu]] na [[pesa ya pamoja]] ([[African Monetary Union]]) hadi kufikia [[muungano]] katika [[uchumi]] na [[pesa]] mwaka [[2028]] na kukamilisha mpango mzima kabla ya mwaka [[2034]]. == Nguzo== Kwa sasa barani Afrika kuna jumuia za kiuchumi kadhaa ambazo wanachama wake mara nyingi zinahusika na zaidi ya mojawapo. Ndizo zinazoitwa [[nguzo]] za Jumuia. Ni kama ifuatavyo: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Nguzo ! Sehemu zake |- | [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States]] (CEN-SAD) | |- | [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA) | |- | [[East African Community]] (EAC) | |- | [[Economic Community of Central African States]] (ECCAS/CEEAC) | [[Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa]] (CEMAC) |- | [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS) | [[West African Economic and Monetary Union]] (UEMOA)<br> [[West African Monetary Zone]] (WAMZ) |- | [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD) | |- | [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) | [[Southern African Customs Union]] (SACU) |- | [[Arab Maghreb Union]] (UMA) | |} === Uanachama katika nguzo hizo === {| |- | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Community of Sahel-Saharan States|CEN-SAD]] |- | bgcolor=#ffaaaa valign=top | '''Waanzilishi (1998):''' * {{BFA}} * {{CHA}} * {{LBA}} * {{MLI}} * {{NIG}} * {{SUD}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 1999: {{CAF}} * 1999: {{ERI}} * 2000: {{DJI}} * 2000: {{GAM}} * 2000: {{SEN}} * 2001: {{EGY}} * 2001: {{MAR}} * 2001: {{NGA}} * 2001: {{SOM}} * 2001: {{TUN}} * 2002: {{BEN}} * 2002: {{TOG}} * 2004: {{CIV}} * 2004: {{GNB}} * 2004: {{LBR}} * 2005: {{GHA}} * 2005: {{SLE}} * 2007: {{COM}} * 2007: {{GIN}} * 2008: {{KEN}} * 2008: {{MRT}} * 2008: {{STP}} |} | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]] |- | bgcolor=lightgreen | '''Waanzilishi (1994):''' * {{BDI}} * {{COM}} * {{flag|DR Congo}} * {{DJI}} * {{ERI}} * {{ETH}} * {{KEN}} * {{MAD}} * {{MWI}} * {{MRI}} * {{RWA}} * {{SUD}} * {{SWZ}} * {{UGA}} * {{ZAM}} * {{ZIM}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 1999: {{EGY}} * 2001: {{SEY}} * 2006: {{LBA}} * 2011: {{SSD}} |- | colspan=2 |'''Waliotoka:''' * 1994-1997: {{LES}} * 1994-1997: {{MOZ}} * 1994-2000: {{TAN}} * 1994-2004: {{NAM}} * 1994-2007: {{AGO}}<ref name=GlobalDialogue>{{citeweb|title=SADC, COMESA and the EAC: Conflicting regional and trade agendas|first=|last=|publisher=Institute for Global Dialogue|date=October 2008|url=http://www.igd.org.za/publications/occasional-papers/item/download/32|accessdate=7 May 2011}}</ref><ref name=NewVision>{{citeweb|title=African integration is great but has its hurdles|first=|last=|publisher=New Vision|date=26 May 2010|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/20/720784|accessdate=7 May 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619083954/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/20/720784|archivedate=19 June 2010|df=}}</ref> |} | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]] |- | bgcolor=lightgreen | '''Waanzilishi (1975):''' * {{BEN}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{BFA}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{CIV}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{GAM}} ^WAMZ-00 * {{GHA}} ^WAMZ-00 * {{GUI}} ^WAMZ-00 * {{GNB}} ^UEMOA-97 * {{LBR}} ^WAMZ-10 * {{MLI}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{NIG}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{NGA}} ^WAMZ-00 * {{SEN}} ^UEMOA-94 * {{SLE}} ^WAMZ-00 * {{TOG}} ^UEMOA-94 '''Joined later:''' * 1976: {{CPV}} |- |'''Waliotoka:''' * 1975-2002: {{MTN}} |- | <small>UEMOA-94: [[West African Economic and Monetary Union|UEMOA]] state from 1994<br> UEMOA-97: [[West African Economic and Monetary Union|UEMOA]] state from 1997<br> WAMZ-00: [[West African Monetary Zone|WAMZ]] state from 2000<br> WAMZ-10: [[West African Monetary Zone|WAMZ]] state from 2010</small> |} |} {| |- | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[East African Community|EAC]] |- | bgcolor=lightgreen| '''Waanzilishi (2001):''' * {{KEN}} * {{TAN}} * {{UGA}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 2007: {{BDI}} * 2007: {{RWA}} * 2016: {{SSD}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Economic Community of Central African States|ECCAS]] |- | bgcolor=lightgreen| '''Waanzilishi (1985):''' * {{BDI}} * {{CMR}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{CAF}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{CHA}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{flag|Congo}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{flag|DR Congo}} * {{EQG}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{GAB}} ^CEMAC-99 * {{RWA}} ^{withdrawn 2007<ref name=GlobalDialogue/>-2016<ref name=TheEastAfrican2>{{citeweb|url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda--back-to-Central-Africa-bloc-10-years-on-/2558-3352178-nsmc6b/index.html|title=Rwanda back to Central Africa bloc, 10 years on|first1=Ivan R.|last1=Mugisha|date=2010-08-20|website=theeastafrican.co.ke|access-date=2017-10-04}}</ref>} * {{STP}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 1999: {{AGO}} |- | <small>CEMAC-99: [[Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa|CEMAC]] state from 1999</small> |} | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]] |- | bgcolor=lightgreen | '''Waanzilishi (1980):''' * {{AGO}} * {{BOT}} ^SACU-70 * {{LES}} ^SACU-70 * {{MWI}} * {{MOZ}} * {{SWZ}} ^SACU-70 * {{TAN}} * {{ZAM}} * {{ZIM}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 1990: {{NAM}} ^SACU-90 * 1990: {{RSA}} ^SACU-70 * 1995: {{MRI}} * 1997: {{flag|DR Congo}} * 1997: {{SEY}} ^{withdrawn 2004-2007} * 2005: {{MAD}} |- | <small>SACU-70: [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]] state from 1970<br> SACU-90: [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]] state from 1990 </small> |} | valign=top | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development|IGAD]] |- | bgcolor=#ffaaaa valign=top | '''Waanzilishi (1986):''' * {{DJI}} * {{ETH}} * {{KEN}} * {{SOM}} * {{SUD}} * {{UGA}} '''Waliojiunga baadaye:''' * 1993: {{ERI}} * 2011: {{SSD}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px;" |- ! [[Arab Maghreb Union|UMA]] <small>Haishiriki katika AEC, kwa sababu ya upinzani wa [[Moroko]]</small> |- | bgcolor=#ffaaaa valign=top | '''Waanzilishi (1989):''' * {{ALG}} * {{LBA}} * {{MTN}} * {{MAR}} * {{TUN}} |} |} {{legend|lightgreen|wanachama; mwaka wa kujiunga}} {{legend|#faa|wanachama; mwaka wa kujiunga; ushirikiano umesimama}} {{legend|orange|wanachama watarajiwa; mwaka wa kuomba kujiunga}} {| | valign=top | [[File:RECs of the AEC.svg|thumb|347px|Nguzo za African Economic Community. {{legend|#691717|[[:en:Community of Sahel-Saharan States|CEN-SAD]]}} {{legend|#4F4FB1|[[:en:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]]}} {{legend|#E88356|[[:en:East African Community|EAC]]}} {{legend|#272759|[[:en:Economic Community of Central African States|ECCAS]]}} {{legend|#C43C7F|[[:en:Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]]}} {{legend|#4DB34D|[[:en:Intergovernmental Authority on Development|IGAD]]}} {{legend|#D22E2E|[[:en:Southern African Development Community|SADC]]}} {{legend|#7E8000|[[:en:Arab Maghreb Union|UMA]]}} ]] | valign=top | [[File:Active RECs of the AEC.svg|thumb|347px|Nguzo zilizo hai. {{legend|#4F4FB1|[[:en:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]]}} {{legend|#E88356|[[:en:East African Community|EAC]]}} {{legend|#272759|[[:en:Economic Community of Central African States|ECCAS]]}} {{legend|#C43C7F|[[:en:Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]]}} {{legend|#D22E2E|[[:en:Southern African Development Community|SADC]]}} ]] |- |} === Makundi mengine === [[File:Other trade blocks in Africa.svg|thumb|174px|Makundi mengine yasiyomo katika African Economic Community. {{legend|#008000|[[:en:Council of Arab Economic Unity#Greater Arab Free Trade Area|GAFTA]]}} {{legend|#008080|[[:en:Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries|CEPGL]]}} {{legend|#800080|[[:en:Indian Ocean Commission|COI]]}} {{legend|#00FFFF|[[:en:Liptako–Gourma Authority|LGA]]}} {{legend|#FF00FF|[[:en:Mano River Union|MRU]]}} ]] Makundi mengine yasiyomo katika African Economic Community ni: * [[Council of Arab Economic Unity#Greater Arab Free Trade Area|Greater Arab Free Trade Area]] (GAFTA) (also includes most [[Middle East]]ern states) * [[Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries]] (CEPGL) * [[Indian Ocean Commission]] (COI) * [[Liptako-Gourma Authority]] (LGA) * [[Mano River Union]] (MRU) ==African Free Trade Zone== Viongozi wa [[SADC]], [[COMESA]] na [[EAC]] walitangaza tarehe [[22 Oktoba]] [[2008]] nia ya kuanzisha [[African Free Trade Zone]] ([[AFTZ]]). Mnamo [[Mei]] [[2012]] mpango ulihusisha pia [[ECOWAS]], [[ECCAS]] na [[AMU]].<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-05/26/c_123195304.htm Africa free trade zone in operation by 2018]</ref> ==Continental Free Trade Area== Mnamo [[Juni]] [[2015]], Umoja wa Afrika ulianzisha majadiliano ili kufikia [[Continental Free Trade Area]] (CFTA) ambayo ihusishe nchi zote 55 za Afrika kufikia mwaka [[2017]]. {{African Economic Community}} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.africasia.com/africanbusiness/ab.php?ID=890&back_month=57 A single African currency in our time?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africasia.com/africanbusiness/ab.php?ID=890&back_month=57 |date=20090416122800 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111030022320/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i0GmLiOhihzyOZ4WZrjTghlGPosQ African leaders agree to form single market] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120415004713/http://www.africa-union.org/ African Union Official Website] *[http://www.dfa.gov.za/au.nepad/recs.htm South African webpage on RECs] *[http://www.panafricanperspective.com/aec.htm Pan-African Perspective] {{Wayback|url=http://www.panafricanperspective.com/aec.htm |date=20180111210438 }} {{African Union}} {{Muungano wa Afrika}} [[Category:Uchumi wa Afrika]] [[Category:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Category:Mashirika ya kimataifa]] 90lw32t7jsp93grf1bozg8bb6vudn7f 0 98040 1578998 1521137 2026-07-10T05:33:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = {{PAGENAME}} | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1965|11|22|df=yes}} |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = Monica Seka |miaka ya kazi = miaka ya 1980-hadi sasa |kazi yake = Mwimbaji }} '''Monique Séka''' (amezaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1965]]; jina la utani la malkia wa [[muziki]] wa [[Afro|Afro-zouk]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Cote d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]. Kwa muziki mchanganyiko ambao anautengeneza, muziki wa Afro-zouk wa Monique Seka ni maarufu sana huko nchini kwake Ivory Coast, [[Afrika]], [[Visiwa vya Karibi|Caribbean]] na [[Bahari ya Hindi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/la-diva-de-la-musique-ivoirienne-monique-seka-se-confie-jai-peur-des-hommes-ses-raisons/|title=La diva de la musique ivoirienne Monique Séka se confie : " J'ai peur des hommes "ses raisons {{!}} AbidjanTV.net|date=2017-04-22|work=AbidjanTV.net|access-date=2017-11-24|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://lifemag-ci.com/marema-singuila-et-salif-keita-mettent-le-feu-au-femua-10/|title=Marema, Singuila et Salif Keita mettent le feu au FEMUA 10 {{!}} Life Magazine|date=2017-04-29|work=Life Magazine|access-date=2017-11-24|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2018-04-16|archivedate=2019-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708171144/https://lifemag-ci.com/marema-singuila-et-salif-keita-mettent-le-feu-au-femua-10/}}</ref> ==Maisha na muziki== Monique Séka alianza kuonesha shauku ya muziki tangu akiwa mtoto. Anawakilisha kizazi cha tatu cha nasaba ya muziki ya Ivory Coast. Monique ni binti wa Seka Okoi, mwimbaji maarufu wa Kivory Coast katika miaka ya [[1970]]. Alifundishwa na baba yake kabla ya kujiunga na bendi ya RTI Orchestra. Wakati huo, alijaribu kuchanganya midundo miwili tofauti ili kuunda mtindo wa Afro Zouk, mchanganyiko ambao ulivutia wapenzi wengi wa muziki wa wakati huo. Mnamo miaka ya [[1980]], muziki wa Kikaribi ulienea katika masoko ya dunia. Monique alijiingiza katika mzunguko huu na kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza, ''Tantie Affoué'', mwaka [[1985]]. Mnamo mwaka wa [[1989]], alisaini mkataba na mpigaji kinanda na mtayarishaji maarufu kutoka [[Cape Verde]], Manu Lima, na kutoa albamu yake ya ''Missounwa''. Mchanganyiko wake wa zouk na midundo ya Afrika ulisafiri nje ya mipaka ya bara la Afrika, na kumjengea umaarufu katika vyombo vya habari vya ndani na vya kimataifa. Mnamo mwisho wa mwaka [[1992]], alikutana na Dominique Richard, mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Radio Sun, redio ya kwanza ya watu weusi wa Kikaribi iliyozinduliwa Julai [[1993]]. Dominique akawa mtayarishaji na msimamizi wake. Wawili hawa walifunga ndoa mnamo [[31 Machi]] [[1995]]. Baada ya kutoa albamu kadhaa, walipata binti aitwaye Carolyn Richard, alizaliwa [[9 Februari]] [[1998]]. Mnamo mwaka wa [[1994]], Monique alirudi kwa Manu Lima kwa ajili ya mipango ya albamu yake mpya, na kurudi nchini kwao kwa ajili ya albamu ya ''Okaman''. Albamu zake za baadaye ni pamoja na ''Adéba'' ([[1997]]), ''Yélélé'' ([[1999]]), ''Anthology'' (1999), ''Miaka 15 ya Mafanikio'' ([[2003]]), ''Obligada'' ([[2005]]), pamoja na albamu nyingine nyingi. Mafanikio yake yamempa usaidizi kutoka kwa wasanii wengine wa muziki, ikiwa ni pamoja na Yaye Demin, ambapo walifanya wimbo pamoja na Meiway.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://news.abidjan.net/h/446788.html|title=Hommage à feu Okoua Séka Athanase : Monique Séka en attraction à Assuédji|work=Abidjan.net|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/monique-s%C3%A9ka|title=Monique Séka|website=Music In Africa|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708171142/https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/monique-s%25C3%25A9ka|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:waimbaji wa Cote d'Ivoire]] bzfqnw2kkikk630t1ufuz3x9tnopv4v 0 110141 1578973 1574291 2026-07-09T17:41:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:GobiTaklamakanMap.jpg|thumb|[[Ramani]] ya jangwa la Gobi.]] '''Jangwa la Gobi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Gobi Desert''; kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Mandarin]] linaitwa Gobi, 戈壁, yaani ''brushland'') ni [[jangwa]] kubwa la [[Asia]]<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Sternberg|first=Troy|last2=Rueff|first2=Henri|last3=Middleton|first3=Nick|date=2015-01-26|title=Contraction of the Gobi Desert, 2000–2012|url=http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/2/1346|journal=Remote Sensing|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=1346–1358|doi=10.3390/rs70201346}}</ref> likienea kwa [[kilomita mraba]] 1,295,000<ref name="nyt">{{cite book |editor-first=John W.|editor-last=Wright|year=2006|title=The New York Times Almanac|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200600wrig|edition=2007|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=978-0-14-303820-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newyorktimes200600wrig/page/456 456]}}</ref>. Linaenea kaskazini mwa China na kusini mwa [[Mongolia]], kusini kwa [[milima ya Altai]]. Sababu yake ni kwamba [[nyanda za juu]] za [[Tibet]] huzuia [[mvua]] kutoka [[Bahari ya Hindi]] zisifike hadi Gobi. Katika [[historia]] ni maarufu kama sehemu ya [[Dola la Mongolia]] na mahali pa [[miji]] muhimu ya [[Silk Road]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== <!-- For ease of standardization, use a citation template from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Sources_of_articles#Citations_of_generic_sources --> * [[Owen Lattimore]]. (1973) "Return to China's Northern Frontier". ''The Geographical Journal'', Vol. 139, No. 2 (June 1973), pp.&nbsp;233–242. ==Marejeo mengine== {{refbegin}} * Cable, Mildred and French, Francesca (1943) ''The Gobi Desert'' Landsborough Publications, London, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/411792 OCLC 411792]. * Man, John (1997) ''Gobi: Tracking the Desert'' Yale University Press, New Haven, {{ISBN|0-300-07609-6}}. * Stewart, Stanley (2001) ''In the Empire of Genghis Khan: A Journey among Nomads'' HarperCollins Publishers, London, {{ISBN|0-00-653027-3}}. * Thayer, Helen (2007) ''Walking the Gobi: 1,600 Mile-trek Across a Desert of Hope and Despair'' Mountaineer Books, Seattle, WA, {{ISBN|978-1-59485-064-6}}. * Younghusband, Francis (1904) ''The Heart of a Continent'', John Murray. {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Gobi Desert}} <ul> <li> [http://www.chinapage.com/map/map.html#desert Map, from "China the Beautiful"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chinapage.com/map/map.html#desert |date=20080513085635 }}</li> <li> [https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/gobi Flickr: Photos tagged with gobi]</li></ul> {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} {{Coord|42.59|103.43|dim:1000000|display=title}} [[Category:majangwa ya Asia]] [[Category:jiografia ya China]] [[Category:jiografia ya Mongolia]] 593cj18fbic0p6fdnlrplpefhzz3sc2 0 121926 1579002 1578680 2026-07-10T08:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579002 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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|date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] fhc6gz0lr28z2iwy85080apxdsv0odk 0 125914 1578990 1112420 2026-07-10T03:00:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:National_Museum_Esie_Kwara_state.jpg|thumb|Getini.]] [[File:Array_of_Esie_stones.jpg|thumb|Sanamu nyingi zilizopo katika makumbusho hayo zinatokana na mawesabuni.]] [[File:Museum_of_unique_stones.jpg|thumb|Mfano wa sanamu katika makumbusho.]] [[File:Esie_unique_stones.jpg|thumb|Sanamu nyingine katika makumbusho.]] '''Makumbusho ya Esiẹ''' ni [[makumbusho]] yanayopatikana katika [[mji]] wa [[Esiẹ]], [[Kwara (jimbo)|jimbo la Kwara]], nchini [[Nigeria]]. Hayo ni makumbusho ya kwanza kuanzishwa nchini Nigeria na kufunguliwa [[mwaka]] [[1945]]. Makumbusho yana [[sanamu]] nyingi za [[mawe]] zikijumuisha [[binadamu]]. Yanajulikana zaidi kuwa ndiyo sehemu yenye mkusanyo wa [[sanamu]] nyingi za [[jiwesabuni|mawesabuni]] (''Soapstone'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905041139.html |title=Esie Museum|publisher=All Africa|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Yanajulikana pia kuwa kama [[kitovu]] cha [[sherehe]] nyingi za [[Dini|kidini]] ambazo zimekuwa zikifanyika hapo katika [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] [[Aprili]] kila mwaka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nigerianembassy.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=50|title=Tourism|publisher=Nigerian Embassy, Budapest, Hungary|accessdate=February 1, 2013|archive-date=2012-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303091843/http://nigerianembassy.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=50|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tazama Pia== *[[Nyumba ya Arewa]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Makumbusho ya Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Jimbo la Kwara]] mjtg2afu3vsjgorvvae5kbzrij4n4ob 3 132366 1578930 1578279 2026-07-09T13:14:51Z Doc James 11396 /* Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter */ 1578930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:28, 16 Januari 2021 (UTC) :Badala ya kuondoa mabango yetu viongozi, saidia kurekebisha makala zenye matatizo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 14 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Kuhusu Uhariri== Salamu sana ndugu Justine Msechu Hongera kwa jitihada zako katika uhariri ndani wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, jaribu sasa kupitia sana ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuona namna gani makala zako zinavyoendelea kuboreshwa , ili utumie maboresho hayo katika makala nyingine,pia pitia baadhi ya makala nyingine ili kuongeza maarifa zaidi katika uhariri, amani nyingi kwako --'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' :: Ndugu Jastine salam, napenda kupongeza jitihada zako za kuhariri katika wikipedia ya kiswahili, lakini kunachangamoto hapa noana leo tarehe 22.09.2022 umeamua kumwaga matini ya google translate bila wasiwasi, naomba urejee nyuma ufanye marekebisho. Asantẽ. -- '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' Ndugu Olimasy Tafadhali pitia tena hizo makala ulizoweka tafsiri ya kompyuuta ili kuona wapi kunashida. Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 03:06, 23 Septemba 2022 (UTC) ::: Shida ipo kwenye makala zote nilizoweka tafsiri ya kompyuta zoote ninauhakika na kitu ninachokwambia. Tafadhariǃ Asante. -- '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' Greetings to you sir '''[[Mtumiaji:Augustino Mpagwa|Augustino Mpagwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Augustino Mpagwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:20, 6 Desemba 2022 (UTC) ==Viungo vyekundu== Ndugu, naona unapenda kuondoa mabano katika maneno yasiyopata bado makala. Usifanye hivi: viungo vyekundu ni vichocheo vya uandishi wa kurasa mpya. Pia naomba unapoona sisi wakabidhi tumefanya kitu, fikiri mara mbili kabla ya kukifuta. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:44, 26 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Tahajia, herufi kubwa na ndogo, kutumia vyanzo== Habari, tafadhali angalia nilivyohariri makala ya [[Mnara wa Taa Wa Cap Rosa]]. Katika jina naomba uangalie matumizi wa herufi kubw ana ndogo. Tafuta makala kuhusu "mnara wa taa", angalia jinsi tulivyotumia herufi kubwa na ndogo. Pia haifai kabisa kutumia "Wa" badala ya "wa". Uliweza kuangalia makala ya Kiingereza na kutafuta vyanzo humo. Hata kama ziko kwenye sanduku la habari (infobox) ambayo hatuwezi kunakili. Lakini unaweza kufungua tovunye tanbihi / footnotes na kuzifungua moja-moja, kukopi URL na kuchukua habari kutoka hapa jinsi nilivyofanya. Jaribu!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:04, 9 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Viungo vya Ndani== Habari, jaribu kutazama katika makala zako,ili kuwa na makala bora zaidi, jaribu kutokurudia rudia viungo vya ndani vya jina moja makala moja, pia majina ya watu au miji, ni vizuri sana kama utawekea alama hizi hapa [[]] badala ya kuyafanya yaonekane kama italic, pia ukiandika makala moja fanya juhudi kuirudia yena kuitazama hata baada ya masaa mawili ili kuona kitu gani kimebadilika kwa ajili ya maboresho zaidi, Amani sana Kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' ==Usitafsiri hovyo, tafakari kwanza!!== Kaka nimepitilia makala ya [[Uwanja wa michezo wa Gelvandale]]. Ni sawa ukitumia jina la Kiingereza "Gelvendale Stadium" kama hilo ni jina la kienyeji. Lakini ukitafsiri matini tafadhali utumie akili yako! Kwa kiswahili hakuna "taa za mafuriko", isipokuwa katika hali ya dharura kama mafuriko yanatokea wakati wa usiku. Mafuriko gani kwenye uwanja wa michezo? Ukikuta maneno hayo kwenye intaneti ni maneno yaliyobuniwa na programu otomatiki ambako kompyuta inajaribu kutafsiri. Usitafsiri matini usiyoelewa, na Kiingereza katika makala hiyo hujaelewa mara kadhaa. Athletic track si "vifaa vya riadha" (ni njia maalum ya kukimbia). ''"The stadium was previously used for professional football matches"''inamaanisha: uwanji uliwahi kutumiwa kwa mechi za mpira (wa kulipwa)" - LAKINI si: "Uwanja huo hapo awali ulikuwa ukitumika kuanda mechi na chama cha mpira wa miguu." "Training venue" si ukumbi... Tafadhali fanya polepole. Unasababisha kazi nyingi kwa wengine wanaopaswa kusahihisha. Ninakushauri utunge mambo yako kwanza kwenye ukurasa mdogo wa nafasi yako ya mtumiaji, umwombe mwtu mwingine asome halafu hamisha kwenye nafasi ya makala. Ukiwa na swali, uliza! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:40, 16 Juni 2021 (UTC) ::Samahani, naona makala haikuanzishwa na wewe, kwa hiyo makosa mengi si yako kiasili. Kwa hiyo samahani kama nimetaja mambo ambayo si yako. Hata hivyo, ukipitia makala, naomba sana usinyamazte ukiona matini ambayo haieleweki, jinsi ilivyokuwa katika makala hiyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:20, 16 Juni 2021 (UTC) :Shukrani kiongozi ngoja nijaribu kuzipitia zaidii na nifuraha unapokua unatukosoa tunajifunza mengi. ==Umakini == Nikiangalia [[Uwanja wa michezo wa Naivasha]] naomba: Utumie [[lemma]] (jina rasmi ya makala) pia kama maneno ya kwanza ya matini yako (hapo uliandika "Uwanja wa Naivasha" tu). Halafu jina la barabara usitafsiri, kama hujui jina rasmi la Kiswahili (ninavyojua haiko). Matini yako "Barabara ya Ziwa Moi Kusini" ilileta picha kama kuna "Ziwa Moi" ambayo halipo. Kama ingetafsiriwa ingekuwa "Barabara ya Moi Ziwa Kusini" lakini sina ushuhuda kwa hiyo. Unaweza kuangalia ramani mfano https://www.google.com/maps/search/naivasha/@-0.7172697,36.4297056,17.25z utaona "Moi Avenue" inaendelea kama "Moi S. Lake Road". Halafu ukumbuke tuna lemma [[uwanja wa michezo]], unaweza kuitumia. Ni vema ulikumbuka kuweka jamii:Viwanja vya michezo vya nchiXXX. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 16 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Picha ya Ol Kalou== Umebandika picha inayoonyesha eneo la Rongai lakini makala inazungumzia eneo la OL Kalou na picha inayonyesha sunset ,Tazama makala hiyo hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Kalou, ni vyema kutumia umakini zaidi wakati wa kuweka picha ili kusiwe na mgongano kati ya makala na picha, Amani sana, ==Matumizi ya ramani== Ndugu umekopi mara kadhaa ramani kwa umbo la location map. Hii ni bure kabisa maana hazifanyi kazi kwetu. "Location map" inaleta tu ile ramani ndogo ya nchi fulani lakini hakuna nukta penye mji fulani. Heri uziondoe tena. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:47, 12 Julai 2021 (UTC) :Nawezaje kuweka na iyo location yake? ::Huwezi. Haijaandaliwa kwetu bado. Pia ni vema ukitia sahihi ukiandika kwa alama za '''<big><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></big>'''. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 12 Julai 2021 (UTC) ==[[Peju Layiwola]]== Makala hiyo ilipewa onyo la "tafsiri ya kompyuta" haikusahihishwa bado. Nadhani wewe uliianzisha, nimeipendekeza sasa kwa ufutaji. Unaweza kushiriki kwenye majadiliano. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 12 Julai 2021 (UTC) ==Kisiwa Cha Mongo== Katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisiwa_cha_Mongo umeweka picha inayoonyesha ramani ya bara la Afrika katika Nchi ya Congo na wakati huo makala inazungumzia mkoa uliopo Tanzania, picha za aina hii zinaondoa maana kwa watu wanaotaka kujifunza kupitia Wikipedia kwa sababu hazina uhalisia na makala, kuweni makini wakati mnapotafuta picha na kujihakikishia kwanza picha inayobandikwa inafanana na maudhui yaliyopo katika makala husika, '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' ==[[Sartrouville]]== City Hall si ukumbi, ni jengo la (ofisi ya) mji / manisipaa. Naomba utafakari vema unachoandika kama maelezo ya picha. Halafu swali: kwa nini hurudi kusahihisha makala zinazozajwa hapa juu? Badala yake unaongeza tu kurasa bila kujali makosa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 13 Julai 2021 (UTC) ....sikuona huo ukurasa ila nimeshabdili. ==Africa Wiki Challenge 2021== Dear --'''[[User:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[User:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]])''' Congratulations for winning this year’s Africa Wiki Challenge. You are by this mail invited to join our 2021 Annual General Meeting and Award Ceremony on: Date: 2nd December 2021 Time: 10:00 AM to 13:00 PM UTC via zoom. Links on our streaming will be made available to you in our next email. While waiting, is there any shop that allows online purchase to be made? Regards, '''[[User:Naa Tsotsoo|Naa Tsotsoo]] ([[User:Naa Tsotsoo|Naa Tsotsoo]])''' ( talk ) Thank you so mach and yes there is online shop. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' == Affiliations Committee (AffCom) Member & Advisor Elections - Final Reminder for January 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/Translations/Member & Advisor elections final reminder for January 2022|Translations]] are available.'' This is a friendly reminder that the '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]]''' – which is responsible for guiding volunteers in establishing and sustaining Wikimedia chapters, thematic organizations, and user groups – is seeking new members and advisors! The deadline to post your application on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/Candidates/January 2022|Member nomination page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/Advisors/2022|Advisor nomination]] is 31 January 2022. If you know somebody you think may be interested, please share and encourage them to consider applying. If you have any questions please email affcom@wikimedia.org before the application deadline or reach out to any of the current members. Good luck to all the candidates! On behalf of the committee,<br> [[User:FULBERT|FULBERT]] ([[User talk:FULBERT|talk]]) 17:32, 25 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:FULBERT@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=22650505 --> ==Victoria Kimani== Ndugu, hongera kwa kazi, ila unapokuta ukurasa upo tayari, usianze upya kwa kutumia tafsiri nzima kutoka Kiingereza, ila ongezea tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:12, 18 Februari 2022 (UTC) :Okay Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:27, 18 Februari 2022 (UTC) ==Tanbihi== Ndugu, usiondoe <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki> katika sehemu ya tanbihi, kwa kuwa unasababisha hizo zitokee chini mno. Ukitaka kuongeza <nowiki>{{mbegu}}</nowiki>, kwa mfano <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki>, weka tu chini ya <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:27, 6 Machi 2022 (UTC) :Okay nimeelewa sasa. je naweza kuziweka kwenye makala nyingine? '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:32, 6 Machi 2022 (UTC) ::Nakukumbusha tena namna sahihi ni kuandika hivi: <nowiki>== Marejeo == {{reflist}}</nowiki> si <nowiki>==Marejeleo==</nowiki> bila <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:54, 19 Machi 2022 (UTC) ::Sawa Nimekumbuka '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 19 Machi 2022 (UTC) :::Habari ndugu Riccardo, Naomba ufwatilie account ya Mtumiaji Jumanne Mwita kwenye mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni kuna shida kidogo '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:11, 6 Aprili 2022 (UTC) ::::Ni kweli, afadhali umuarifu Kipala aone la kufanya. Asante sana. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:54, 7 Aprili 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Update #3 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces. *'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]]. *'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. ::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype]. ::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). *'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. '''What is next?''' :'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]] :In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can. Thank you! '''The Campaign Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:26, 22 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23033286 --> == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. Join us and share your thoughts on these developments! :Date: '''March 31, 2022''' :Time: 15:00 UTC :Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes. Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting. Thank you. '''The Campaign Product Team''' '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 30 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23066888 --> == Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience == {{int:Hello}} Swahili Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in Swahili language, {{Int:Please-translate}}. The [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_engineering WMF Language team] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Swahili Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can: *Give us your feedback *Ask us questions *Tell us how to improve it. Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it. '''Background information''' [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and help us with feedback to make it better. [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: *Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones. *Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device. Swahili Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since data shows significant mobile editing activity. We plan to enable the tool on Swahili Wikipedia in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats: *As a reply to this message *On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. '''Try the tool''' Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Swahili Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve. '''Provide feedback''' Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on: *The tool *What you think about our plans to enable it *Your ideas for improving the tool. Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback and questions. '''[[Mtumiaji:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:UOzurumba (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 04:10, 14 Aprili 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team '''PS''': Sending your feedback or questions in English is particularly appreciated. But, you can still send them in the language of your choice. == Feminism and Folklore 2022 - Local prize winners == <div style="border:8px brown ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations for winning a local prize in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competition. Thank you for your contribution and documenting your local folk culture on Wikipedia. Please fill in your preferences before 15th of June 2022 to receive your prize. Requesting you to fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] before the deadline to avoid disappointments. Feel free to [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Contact Us|contact us]] if you need any assistance or further queries. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|FNF 2022 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 22 Mei 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=23312270 --> == Usisahau Interwiki == Habari Justine, naona bado unasahau wakati mwingine kuunganisha makala katika interwiki. Tafadhali ukumbuke! Ona: [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo_(Viungo_vya_Wikipedia)#Interwiki]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:10, 2 Juni 2022 (UTC) :Sawa kiongozi... '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:56, 3 Juni 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:40, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Jamii - usiweke maradufu == Justin naomba uangalie vema jamii unazotumia. sehemu ya kazi yako ya leo haisaidii. Naona mfano wa [[Janet Otieno]] ulikosa jamiim hapa umeona vema. Sasa umeongeza Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi PIA Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi. Ila jamii kuu hapa ni muziki. Jamii zote za Wanamuziki ziko chini ya muziki. Kwa hiyo inaleta utata tu kuwaweka pande zote mbili. Tena Janet ni mwanamuziki wa Kenya. Hapa inatakiwa kumpa "Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya" halafu kufungua ukurasa wa jamii hiyo (itafunguliwa mara kubofya maandishi yake) na ndani yake unaandika "Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi". Sifanyi hii sasa naomba usahihishe mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:17, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :sawa nimesharekebisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:20, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::Asante lakini unahitaji kupitilia zote! Mfano mwingine [[Mercy Chinwo]] umepanga (kama kote) "Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi" PIA "Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi". Kimsingi mwanamuziki moja hatakiwi kuwepo ndani ya jamii hizi. Jamii za nchi kwa nchi zinashika vijamii kama "wanamuziki ya xxx (nchi)". Majina ya wasanii unapata baaday ndani ya vijamii hivi. Pole, hii kazi kubwa ya leo inapaswa kusafishwa kote.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:35, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::::Nimeanza kupitia zote lakini ningetamani unieleweshe kidogo kwenye hizi jamii na namna ya kuzitumia, maana mimi nilifanya ivyo nikiamini niko sahihi sasa ili kuondoa mkanganyiko huu ni bora tukafundishwa kabisa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::::Pia jaribu kupitia Mkala nyingine ili kuona zimewekewa jamii ya aina gani, mfano unapoandika makala ya Mwanamuziki fulani, kwanza angalia katika makala za wanamuziki wengine je pamewekwa jamii gani, ili isije kutokea unaandika kuhusu mwanamuziki halafu ndani yake unaweka jamii za Muziki fulani, hiyo inakuwa tofauti kabisa, na pia ili kujua zaidi unaweza kuwa unapitia katika ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuona makala ulizofanya zimewekewa maboresho ya aina gani, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 13:42, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) ::::::Asante idd, je nini maana ya vijamii vidogo? '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:45, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :::::::Nimekutumia link ya jamii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Editathons_swwiki unaweza kuona vizuri, pia katika makala mfano kama unazungumzia watu, unaweza kuona jamii ambazo ni maarufu zaidi, ni kama zile za mwaka wa kuzaliwa, hizo unaweza ukaziingiza lakini kabla ya kuweka jamiii yeyote angalia kama inaendana na makala husika, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 13:54, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) Sasa twende polepole. Muziki ni jamii yenye makala nyingi chini yake. Haisaidii ukifungua jamii na kupata makala mamia au maelfu. Hivyo makala zake hupangwa kwa vijamii (sub-categories). Ukitaka kumweka mwanamuziki moja, anaingia katika "Jamii:Wanamuziki wa xxx (nchi)" (pamoja na hayo angeweza kuingia pia katika jamii kama wanamuziki wa Jazz, klassiki ya Ulaya, tarumpeta, gospel - lakini nadhani hatuna hizo hadi sasa). ASIPANGWE katika "Jamii:Muziki" (jinsi ulivyofanya), maana "Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi" wamo katika Jamii:Muziki. Nichukue mfano wa [[Baby Gloria]]. Ni mtu wa Uganda. BAsi anapaswa kuingia katika "Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda". Haiko bado. Lakini mara ukiiweka chini ya makala yake, umeshaianzisha. Ukianzisha, unapaswa kuiunganisha katika mfumo wa jamii. Kawaida ungefungua ukurasa wa "Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda". Ndani yake unaweka sasa viungo 2 vya mabano mraba: 1) "Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi" (sasa jamii hii ya wanamuziki wa Uganda itaonekana katika ukurasa wa "Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi"). 2) Halafu unaweka "Jamii:Watu wa Uganda" na sasa wanamuziki wa Uganda wanaonekana pia hapa. -- Halafu afadhali kuhamisha makala kwa jina lake la kiraia Gloria Mulungi Senyonjo na kusahihisha matini pia. # Lakini kwa idadi kubwa ya nchi tunazo vijamii hivi tayari. Kama haviko, basi anzisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 14:51, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) :Asante kwa ufafanuzi apo nimekuelewa na nitawaelekeza na wengine kwa sababu wengi wetu bado hatuna elimu kamili ya hizi jamii. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:27, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> :Thank you for the opportunity and i would like to be part of the selected team but how will I apply?. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 22 Septemba 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Invitation to organize Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 10:11, 24 Desemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=24282249 --> == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating these pages in your languages would be highly appreciated. Currently the following pages are available for translation: *[[wikimania:2023:Contact]] *[[wikimania:2023:Expo space]] *[[wikimania:2023:Glossary]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas]] *[[wikimania:2023:Ideas/Globe]] *[[wikimania:2023:Organizers]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel]] *[[wikimania:2023:Updates]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer]] *[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer signup]] *[[wikimania:2023:Wikimania]] *[[wikimania:Template:Wikimania 2023 header]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[<tvar name="mass-delivery">Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery</tvar>|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 28 Desemba 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24285311 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15) * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15) '''Resources''' * New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine & Biota] (SDG 15) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13) * [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 Januari 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24307628 --> == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating the following pages in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Health]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Samples]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Travel Scholarship application]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee/Request for Proposal]] *[[wikimania:2023:Visas]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 22 Januari 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24413464 --> == Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]] Greetings Organisers, We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]] Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so. Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns. Thanks and Regards, Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 30 Januari 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/wlf2023&oldid=24455456 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14) * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3) * Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3) * Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14) * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14) * [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 & 14) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity & inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 & 10) '''Resources''' * [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 16:25, 1 Februari 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24426147 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all) * [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest "Environmental sustainability and climate crisis" topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all) * Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13) * Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on "Tools for Finding the Right Articles" and "Building Article List with Petscan"]] (SDG 10 & 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 & 13) '''News''' * [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2) '''Resources''' * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3) '''Research''' * [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7) '''Wikidata query examples''' * [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11) '''Featured articles''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15) File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15) File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15) File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15) File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15) File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15) File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15) File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Machi 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24647320 --> == Translations for Wikimania 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}}, You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. Your help with translating the following pages on Wikimania wiki in your languages would be highly appreciated: *[[wikimania:2023:Attendees]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/FAQ]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Form Questions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions]] *[[wikimania:2023:Satellite events]] *[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Subcommittee]] *[[wikimania:2023:Socialize]] *[[wikimania:2023:Travel Coordination]] If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]]. Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]]) <small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 4 Machi 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ameisenigel@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimania_2023_translations&oldid=24656834 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 has been extended == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]] Greetings Organizers, Greetings from Feminism and Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore]] an international writing contest on your local Wikipedia has been extended till the '''15th of April 2023'''. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more We would like to have your immense participation in the writing contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the translation of [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project pages]] and share a word in your local language. Organizers have been notified some instructions on mail. Please get in touch via email if you need any assistance. Best wishes, International Team Feminism and Folklore. --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:28, 30 Machi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/wlf2023&oldid=24803574 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 & 13) * Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15) * [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism & Folklore] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5) * [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15) Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15) Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15) Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15) Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15) Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15) Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15) Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15) Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15) Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15) Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15) Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15) Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15) Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15) Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15) Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15) Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15) Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15) Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15) Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15) Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15) Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15) Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 Aprili 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24816279 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 has ended, What's Next? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition has ended. We thank you for organizing it on your local Wikipedia and help in document folk cultures and women in folklore in different regions of the world on Wikipedia. What's next? # Please complete the jury on or before 15th of May 2023. # Email us on [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] the Wiki usernames of top three users with most accepted articles in local contest. # Write the information about the winners on the projects Meta Wiki '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Results|Results page]]''' # You can also put the names of the winners on your local project page. # We will be contacting the winners in phased manner for distribution of prizes. Feel free to contact us via mail or [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023|talkpage]] if you need any help, clarification or assistance. Thanks and regards, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Feminism and Folklore''' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/wlf2023&oldid=24803574 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15) * Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 & SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 & SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13) * [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) '''Research''' * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4) * [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51] * [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11) * [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15) Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15) Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15) White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15) Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2) Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula & Canna indica (SDG 15) Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15) Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15) Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15) Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15) Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15) Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15) Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15) Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15) Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38] Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39] California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40] Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15) Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15) White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43] Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15) Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15) Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mei 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24969562 --> == Watumiaji wapya wanaotumia tafsiri kompyuta == Habari Justine, nimeona onyo uliyoandika kwa [[Mtumiaji:Samuel mbabhazi]]. Asante kwa kuwa macho. Ila kuhusu maonyo bila hatua kamili - nashauri utafakari. Mara nyingi sana hao watu hawajibu. Wengine wanarudia mtindo uleule. Ila baada ya siku kadhaa si rahisi kukumbuka kama umeshajadiliana na fulani au la. Au humwoni. Hivyo tuliwahi kushauriana hivyo: ukiwa na uhakika alitumia googe translate, na tokeo ni Kiswahili kibaya (jinsi ilivyo katika makala hiyo) heri kumzuia mchangiaji moja kwa moja, na kumwambia atarudishwa A) akijibu na B) akiendelea kuhariri wa muda katika nafasi yake ya mtumiaji hadi itakapoonekana amezoea. Hapa tumeandaa "'''<nowiki>{{kigezo:zuia tafsiri}}</nowiki>'''" ambako tunaongeza kwa mkono makala yenye kasoo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 01:01, 7 Mei 2023 (UTC) :Asante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] nimekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:20, 10 Mei 2023 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 25 Julai 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023p&oldid=25345565 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024. '''Highlights of 2023:''' ;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year. ;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead. ;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale. ;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem. ;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future. '''Acknowledging Challenges:''' While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed. '''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:''' As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community. Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future. Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year! Warm regards, [[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]] PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 17:43, 1 Januari 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=25817439 --> == Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2024 Writing Competition == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Hope you are doing well, Wishing you a Happy New Year!. We extend a heartfelt invitation to you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition, which is scheduled to take place from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024. This year's edition of Feminism and Folklore will concentrate on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics, aligning with a Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus and featuring a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. This year we have created two new Tools for the Feminism and Folklore project. The tool is called '''Campwiz'''. This tool is created by the international Tech team of Wiki Loves Folkore especially crafted for Feminism and Folklore project. The tool works as same as fountain or dashboard but has extra abilities required for jury and submission of articles. To create a new campaign on Campwiz, organizers to follow these steps: # Go to the tool link: <nowiki>https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/</nowiki> # Select your wiki on which you want to organize the campaign (enter the name or short code, such as "{{CONTENTLANG}}" for {{#language:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}}). # Give your campaign a name example "Feminism and Folklore 2024 on {{#language:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} {{SITENAME}})". # Select the start and end dates (note: keep your start date as Feb 1 and end date as March 31). # Provide a description for your campaign (you can briefly describe the campaign in this section). # Make sure to keep the checkboxes ticked for "Allow users to submit articles that were not created but expanded." if you want to use the campaign for expanded articles also. # Keep minimum added bytes as 4000 and minimum added words as 400 and click next. # In the jury section, keep the checkboxes ticked for "Allow jury members to participate in the campaign" and "Prevent jury members from seeing each other's votes." As per your preference. # Under the jury search box, type the username of your jury and click on the "+" button to add; you can add multiple jury members. # Click next to review and then click on save. With this we have also created a '''Missing article tool'''. This tool identifies articles in the English Wikipedia that are absent from your native language Wikipedia. You can customize your selection criteria, and our tool will provide you with a table displaying the missing articles along with suggested titles. You also have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Both tools, the Missing Article Tool and the Campwiz Tool, are now available for public use during the Feminism and Folklore campaign. You can find more information about these tools here: <nowiki>https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/</nowiki> There are also some changes in the rules and criteria's. Please go through the rules below. # '''Minimum Length:''' The expanded or new article should have a minimum of '''''4000 bytes or 400 words''''', ensuring sufficient depth and coverage of the chosen topic. The local organizers are free to choose the minimum length criteria as per needs of their local Wikipedia and must be clearly mention on local project page. # '''Language Quality:''' Articles should not be poorly machine-translated, ensuring that language quality and readability are maintained at a high standard. # '''Timeline of Creation or Expansion:''' The article should be created or expanded between 1 February and 31 March, aligning with the specified contest timeline. # '''Theme Relevance''': Articles should directly address the theme of feminism and folklore, exploring connections between gender, cultural traditions, and intangible heritage. # '''No Orphaned Articles:''' Articles must not be orphaned, meaning they should be linked from at least one other article to ensure visibility within the Wikipedia ecosystem. # '''No Copyright violations:''' There should be no copyright violations, and articles should adhere to local Wikipedia policies on notability, ensuring that the content meets the standards for notability. # '''Adequate references and Citations:''' Each article should include proper references and citations following local Wikipedia policies, ensuring the reliability and credibility of the information presented. Learn more about the contest details and prizes on our project page [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|here]]. Should you require any assistance, please feel free to contact us on our meta talk page or via email. We eagerly anticipate your enthusiastic coordination and participation in Feminism and Folklore 2024. Thank you and Best wishes, '''Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team''' --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:51, 18 Januari 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf&oldid=26088038 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]]. * Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you. ; Other news * New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]] * Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:22, 2 Februari 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26169519 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]]) * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]] ; Other news * Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14) * Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) * Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 10:40, 9 Machi 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26331508 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Group photo - Edu Wiki conference 2023, Belgrade, Serbia.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Group photo of the 2023 EduWiki Conference in Belgrade, organized by Wikipedia & Education User Group]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> '''Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Recognition_and_Derecognition|Recognition of Cyprus, Botswana, Niger, and Telugu user groups]] '''Affiliate Activities Report''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Activities_Report|Reports from Belgium, South African, and Ukrainian chapters]] '''AffCom Movement Contribution''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement with the new Affiliates Strategy and Movement Charter drafts]] '''AffCom Administration''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Administration|New AffCom members and advisors]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 18 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=26293156 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]] ; Other news * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13) * On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia. * WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: "[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]" (SDG 13) * WikiForHumanRights organized a session: "[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]" ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 & 15) * [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May. (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:17, 1 Mei 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26428292 --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June * [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]] * [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]]) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023] * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 & 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 13:18, 1 Juni 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26852366 --> == Submission Deadline for Winners' Information Feminism and Folklore 2024 == Dear Organiser/Jury, Thank you for your invaluable contribution to the Feminism and Folklore writing competition. As a crucial part of our jury/organising team, we kindly request that you submit the information of the winners on [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Results|our winners' page]]. Please ensure this is done by '''June 7th, 2024'''. Failure to meet this deadline will result in your wiki being ineligible to receive the local prize for Feminism and Folklore 2024. If you require additional time due to a high number of articles or need assistance with the jury task, please inform us via email or the project talk page. The International Team of Feminism and Folklore will not be responsible for any missed deadlines. Thank you for your cooperation. Best regards, '''The International Team of Feminism and Folklore''' <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf20242&oldid=26865458 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July * User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]] * The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15) * [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13) * [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) * WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16) ; Events * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 09:27, 1 Julai 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27039469 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimedia-Summit-2024-Friday-128.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom group photo at Wikimedia Summit 2024 in Berlin, Germany]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Updates: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Adoption of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Madagascar, Senegal, Republic of Congo, and Namibia user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Six active conflicts, no new reports for Q4]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia Summit and ESEAP Conference]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Administration|Officers elections and departing members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at Wikimania 2024]] </div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:30, 15 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27021225 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]] * Next user group meeting will be 18 August ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch] (SDG 10&16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13) ; Events * 5th August, [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024 Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13) * 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] * 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13) ; Participate * Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Agosti 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27042528 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]]. * User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]]) ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 & 16) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15) * Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Septemba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27262444 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]] ; Other news * [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube]) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13) ; Events * Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27437535 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (July-September 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Wikimania 2024 - Lviv - Day 3 - AffCom meets community.webm|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at Wikimania 2024]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Implementation status of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Togo, Wayúu, and Singapore user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimania]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the officers elections]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at WikiIndaba and a strategy meetup]] Other Movement News: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Other_Movement_News|Regional conferences, mental health support, and new committee support inbox]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:55, 7 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=27273724 --> == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> ==Wanabaiskeli== Ndugu, asante kwa kupitia makala za wenzetu. Unanipunguzia sana kazi. Ila niseme mawili: 1. "Alizaliwa" katika mabano ya mwanzo linafaa kama mtu ni hai bado. Lakini kama ameshafariki dunia, uwepo wa tarehe mbili unamaanisha tayari kuwa moja ni ya kuzaliwa, ya pili ni ya kufa. Ndivyo ilivyo katika vitabu. 2. Sasa makala za <nowiki>[[jamii:wanamichezo wa Italia]]</nowiki> zimekuwa nyingi na zinaendelea kutungwa (wamefikia herufi C!). Naona afadhali kuanzisha jamii mpya kwa watu wa baiskeli tu. Kwa mfano <nowiki>[[jamii:wanabaiskeli wa Italia]]</nowiki> au <nowiki>[[jamii:waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]]</nowiki>. Unaonaje? Aamani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) :Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Naendelea kujifunza kazi za wakabidhi kutoka kwako, Kuhusu jamii nakubaliana na wewe tuanzishe jamii ya <nowiki>[[jamii:waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]]</nowiki>. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:02, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC ; Other news * Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15) ; Events * November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change & Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:01, 1 Novemba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27587619 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == References == Only pair of them you did: *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digamma&diff=1362374&oldid=1362353 *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sampi&diff=1362376&oldid=1362350 You forgot the rest, I already did them all. '''[[Mtumiaji:JeribaShiganu|JeribaShiganu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:JeribaShiganu|majadiliano]])''' 09:33, 11 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for your help , really appreciate it! '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:17, 11 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Bans == [[Maalum:Michango/JeribaShiganu]] someone called "masti" '''mindlessly''' banned globally my main account basically for nothing! Please tell him to unblock my main account '''ASAP'''! He presumed prevention of "abuse" of dead corpse like in case of Kipala or something similar. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 19:10, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :I'm sorry to hear about this situation. Unfortunately, I'm unable to assist with issues related to English Wikipedia. I recommend reaching out to an English Wikipedia administrator, such as [[user:Doc James]], for help with your account. They may be able to better address your concerns. Best of luck! '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 02:24, 20 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::This is '''NOT''' English Wikipedia, but '''META WIKIMEDIA'''. Purely hostile site for newbies and anons. Look how this "masti" behaves! He does blanket bans of all vandals and non-vandals, especially here: ::https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:PETER_MUKARIA_MOHAMED5&action=history ::Vandals are obviously ONLY ...mukaria... and other decimeter-long named accounts, and good faith editors are short temporary accounts of ~2024-XXXXX type, all of them got indiscriminate global bans! I did some investigation and I feel that ~2024-XXXXX temporary account name '''SIMILARITY''' tricks "masti" to blanket ban of them all, regardless of what they do, all because of blanket prejudice of "masti" against them all originating from this page: ::https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grefsen&action=history ::This "masti" belongs to global wiki patrollers, which are recently troublesome, as explained here: ::https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Riccardo_Riccioni&oldid=1365574#Malicious_foreign_patrollers ::Even one of these META troublemakers got banned here permanently: ::https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu/block&page=Mtumiaji%3APmlineditor ::They can say various prejudicial things about longterm sexual "abuse" and similar, do NOT believe them. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 20 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Example: [[w:it:Speciale:Contributi/Ole_El_Toro_Carajo]] innocent newbie account globally blocked for allegedly being some abuser against children. It is "abuse" word itself in his last edits, which triggered steward action, even if edits were innocent. Pure PARANOIA. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 24 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Today EPIC globally blocked several local users for PAEDOPHILIA (long term abuse) 1oo% SPURIOUS! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-14304|&#126;2025-14304]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-14304|talk]]) 19:19, 31 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Page protections == Generally, all former page protections are because of IP editors, which are '''NO''' longer technically possible to act here because of general switch to '''temporary account names'''. Since 99% of Greek letters are '''UNPROTECTED''', can you please unprotect both '''[[Digamma]]''' and '''[[Pai (herufi)]]''', so "Angalia Chanzo" will become "Hariri Chanzo"? These two ones being protected permanently are nothing but some mistake from the distant past, since NO vandalisms on remaining Greek letters were ever there since at least one decade. By the way, we already cover now all 32 extant Greek letters.[[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-12284|&#126;2024-12284]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-12284|talk]]) 10:21, 13 Novemba 2024 (UTC) FYI: already done, these were weird exceptions to all Greek letters. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) I repaired some medical references by eliminating RED STRING error messages, by the way, please do '''NOT''' use blanket reverts, always please write in edit summary REVERT REASON. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-12284|&#126;2024-12284]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-12284|talk]]) 10:57, 13 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == [[Mtumiaji:SpesBona/ukurasa wa majaribio]] == Dear Justine Msechu, please help and proof read this template, which I tried to translate into Swahili. Thank you and have a nice weekend! '''[[Mtumiaji:SpesBona|SpesBona]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SpesBona|majadiliano]])''' 14:40, 16 Novemba 2024 (UTC) Hello Justine Msechu, I need your help by translating these words into Swahili: :* Batting style :* Bowling style :* International information :* National side :* Test debut (Test cricket) :* Last test :* Only :* One Day International (ODI) :* ODI debut :* Last ODI :* Cap :* Shirt :* Twenty20 (Twenty Twenty) :* Twenty20 International :* Domestic team information :* Years :* Team :* Umpiring information :* Tests umpired :* ODIs umpired :* T20Is umpired :* FC umpired (First-class cricket) :* LA umpired (List A cricket) :* Career statistics :* Competition :* Matches :* Runs scored :* Batting average :* 100s (Century) :* 50s (Fifty) :* Top score :* Balls bowled :* Wickets :* Bowling average :* 5 wickets in an innings :* 10 wickets in a match :* Best bowling (figures) :* Catches/stumpings These terms are for the Swahili version of [[Kigezo:Infobox cricketer]] which I really want to use in cricket articles. I really appreciate your help! Peace. '''[[Mtumiaji:SpesBona|SpesBona]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SpesBona|majadiliano]])''' 12:45, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Dear Justine Msechu, please help me with [[Mtumiaji:SpesBona/ukurasa wa majaribio]]. Are any of the words I tried to translate on that page correct (column Google Translate or ChatGPT)? If not, do you want to correct them? Please let met know, I want to improve articles about cricketers on Swahili with this infobox (like I do with politicans). Peace to you! '''[[Mtumiaji:SpesBona|SpesBona]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SpesBona|majadiliano]])''' 21:55, 27 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Wajibu == Ni hekima na busara gani utende ili uonekane unatenda wajibu kwa haki kwa watu unaowaongoza? Naomba msaada wa hoja angalau tatu na zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:DAMIANO PETRO S|DAMIANO PETRO S]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:DAMIANO PETRO S|majadiliano]])''' 21:48, 24 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]]) * We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on. ; Other news * [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]] * [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&12) * The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17) ; Events * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13) * Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:29, 1 Desemba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27830533 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Friday 13-th == Several LOCAL established accounts were allegedly for [[w:en:sexual abuse]] WRONGLY globally banned by stewards on 2024-December, Friday 13-th. At least annoying foreign patrollers receive their permanent bans as well. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27458|&#126;2024-27458]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27458|talk]]) 12:46, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) UPDATE: their BAN-ana is manually revoked LATER, but they at least for one day felt how it is to be on receiving end. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-28356|&#126;2024-28356]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-28356|talk]]) 19:23, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == U4C Notification == Hello Justine Msechu,<br /> You are named in a recently filed request to the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Please review the request at [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] You are requested to enter your statement and any other material you wish to submit, so that the U4C can get a better overview of the situation. All writing should be complete, but also as concise as possible. Please ensure that you make all comments in your own section and in the discussion section only. If the U4C makes a decision, this will be binding for you and so your participation is recommended. Please do not reply here, but on the linked case page, or on the associated talk page. If you would like to contact the U4C directly, you will find an e-mail address [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee#How_to_contact_U4C|here]]. Please use the email only if privacy is necessary (e.g. personal information). Best, On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ;(tafsiri otomatiki) :Hujambo Justine Msechu, :Ulitajwa katika ombi lililowasilishwa hivi majuzi kwa Kamati ya Uratibu ya Kanuni za Maadili ya Jumla [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] (U4C). Tafadhali kagua ombi lako kwenye [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] :Unaombwa kuweka taarifa yako na nyenzo nyingine yoyote unayotaka kuwasilisha, ili U4C iweze kuelewa vyema hali hiyo. Maandishi yote yanapaswa kuwa kamili, lakini pia kwa ufupi iwezekanavyo. Hakikisha umechapisha maoni yote katika sehemu yako na sehemu ya majadiliano pekee. Ikiwa U4C itafanya uamuzi, itakulazimu na kwa hivyo tunapendekeza ushiriki. :Tafadhali usijibu hapa, lakini kwenye ukurasa wa kesi uliounganishwa au ukurasa wa mazungumzo unaohusishwa. Ikiwa ungependa kuwasiliana na U4C moja kwa moja, utapata barua pepe hapa. Tafadhali tumia barua pepe tu ikiwa unahitaji faragha (k.m. maelezo ya kibinafsi). :Karibuni sana, :Kwa niaba ya kamati ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :As an individual I encourage you to please participate in the next 3-5 days. (Kama mtu binafsi ninakuhimiza tafadhali ushiriki katika siku 3-5 zijazo.) '''[[Mtumiaji:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Barkeep49|majadiliano]])''' 01:47, 9 Januari 2025 (UTC) Thou will REGRET all SYSOP-ONLY page protections when WMF desysop thee: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=protect&user=Justine+Msechu [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-10150|&#126;2025-10150]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-10150|talk]]) 12:11, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Stewards from time to time globally lock local established users like [[Maalum:Michango/Resnick-mike|this one]] out of their accounts for some alleged "long term sexual abuse". It seems that SWAHILI both sysops and users are under siege from WMF. Pure colonialist approach. They still do not dare to do this to local sysops, but they feel that doing this to local users can be done with impunity. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-13765|&#126;2025-13765]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-13765|talk]]) 10:02, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Editing roles == I only correct technical errors after EDITATHON newbies like [[Maalum:Michango/Jossy27]], nothing more. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 26 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for clarification. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]]) * We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]! ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&15) * [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&15 * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 08:04, 2 Januari 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27983472 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == [[Lugha ya Adamu]] == See explanation : [[Majadiliano:Lugha ya Adamu]]. <blockquote> '''Anna Katharina Emmerick''' in her revelation was informed, that especially three languages of [[Baktria]], [[Zendia]], [[India]] are FIRST EVER descendants of language of [[Adamu]], of course in regard of purity as measure of being LEAST CHANGED from language of [[Adamu]] itself. </blockquote> Please add this to article in Swahili version, I need your effort because I tried to write this sentence in Swahili, and it turned ungramatical. Without this addition, article is still incomplete. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|Mwanajoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 10 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Amani == Tuitunze Amani Yetu Hapa Nchini Tuliyojaliwa Na Mwenyezi Mungu. Tunakushuru ndugu Riccardo kwa kutupa malezi bora hapa shule na tunamuomba mungu akujalie maisha maisha malefu zaidi na akupatie nguvu ili uendele kuifanya kazi yake Bwana! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-15274|&#126;2025-15274]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-15274|talk]]) 05:27, 1 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]] * User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]). * The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]]. * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11) ; Events * 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate & Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:05, 4 Februari 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28153013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (October-December 2024)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:Affiliations Committee 2024 05.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at its Strategic Retreat in Frankfurt]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Notes from the 2024 AffCom strategic retreat]] Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|User group application pause lifted]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue4_#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at WikiIndaba]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Mari Avetisyan appointed new AffCom secretary]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:04, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28060527 --> == COPY PASTE page moves == It is wrong, it does NOT preserve edit history with list of contributors required by GPL, please FIRST delete [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] and then move [[Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] onto it. '''[[Mtumiaji:Norbilian|Norbilian]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Norbilian|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} == Feminism and Folklore 2025: Important Updates for Organizers & Jury == Hello Community Organizers and Jury, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. Feminism and Folklore is the largest Wikipedia contest organized by community members. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: # First Prize: $25 USD # Second Prize: $20 USD # Best Jury Article: $15 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Prizes will only be given to users who have more than 5 accepted articles. No prizes will be given for users winning below 5 accepted articles. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 75 organizers and Jury members for those who request for it. Remember, only 75 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 75 registrations, and the deadline is '''March 5, 2025'''. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeum8md6FqHY1ISWRLW5bqOAv_lcd1tpVtMMZfWKRDU_IffLQ/viewform?usp=dialog Form] Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $40 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for Advocacy session on '''Saturday, Feb 28, 2025'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [[m:Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia|Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia - Meta]] Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Stella and Tiven Wiki loves folklore international team [[User:SAgbley|SAgbley]] ([[User talk:SAgbley|talk]]) 04:39, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/Community_Prizes&oldid=28309519 --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]). ; Other news * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3) * [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13) * A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13) ; Events * 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8) * 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16) * 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:51, 1 Machi 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Communication by the U4C == I'm writing to inform you that in the U4C case [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] the 2 week "investigation phase" is now open. This phase will last around two weeks, during this phase parties and also other editors can still submit further evidence. We warmly suggest to take this opportunity, each statement can serve to clarify the position of each of the parties involved. Many thanks. On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:59, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) (Translation by Google translate) Ninakuandikia kukujulisha kwamba katika kesi ya U4C [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] ya wiki 2 sasa "awamu ya uchunguzi" imefunguliwa. Awamu hii itachukua takriban wiki mbili, wakati wa vyama vya awamu hii na pia wahariri wengine bado wanaweza kuwasilisha ushahidi zaidi. Tunashauri kwa moyo mkunjufu kuchukua fursa hii, kila taarifa inaweza kutumika kufafanua msimamo wa kila mmoja wa wahusika wanaohusika. Asante sana. Kwa niaba ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:59, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[m:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15) * [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13) * [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15) * A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17) * A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17) ; Events * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 1 Aprili 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:WMB meeting in Belo Horizonte in 2023 (day 02) 059.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Wikimedia Brasil, the latest chapter to be recognized by AffCom]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Brasil and four user groups]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 5#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia+Libraries and Wikisource conferences]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Welcoming new AffCom voting and advisory members]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|AffCom at ESEAP Strategy Summit]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 01:30, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28324741 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&5) ; Events * May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:22, 11 Mei 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] I hope this message finds you well. This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible. Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results] We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}} Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us. Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:FnF_2025_reminder_list&oldid=28842648 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]] ; Other news * Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop: ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page] (SDG 5) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 & 16) * [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3) ; Events * 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:37, 12 Juni 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28771610 --> == You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled: 🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders<br> 🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025<br> ⏰ 4:00 PM UTC<br> 🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]<br> 👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)<br> Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms! 🔗 Event Page & Details: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders This session includes:<br> ✔️ A keynote presentation<br> ✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment<br> ✔️ Q&A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia<br> We hope to see you there! Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Ancient Sorcerous Empire == WikiBayer - is NOT guardian angel, it is ANNONRIAL/RAVERNAL pure evil: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Gayle157#Elephant_in_Porcelain_Shop]] READ debunking of WikiBayer reverts. '''[[Mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]] ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15) * [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR] (SDG 3) ; Events * 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5) * 2 & 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:06, 1 Julai 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * 6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]]) * We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested. ; Other news * To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|"Sustainable Development Wikiproject" was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 & 13) * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15) ; Events * 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]]. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:27, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2025)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> [[File:MNL25 - day one 08.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at the ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025 in Manila, the Philippines]] <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand and Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group]] Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 6#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at the ESEAP Strategy Summit]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the AffCom officers election]] Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|Meet AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:25, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=28820920 --> == Lvova == Now please delete both [[Lvova]] and [[Mtumiaji:Lvova]], she wants that to be deleted since her META user page https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lvova does not show from META into THIS wiki. '''[[Mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|Hakim Abdazath]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hakim Abdazath|majadiliano]])''' 15:16, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == SadoMaso == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=block&user=Justine+Msechu&page=Justine+Msechu self-BAN-ana] [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-50523-8|&#126;2025-50523-8]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-50523-8|talk]]) 19:09, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15) * [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:24, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]]) ; Other news * The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called "[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]" focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:46, 1 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == New Article == Hello. Can you create [[:en:Novi_Sad_railway_station_canopy_collapse|this]] article here? I cant create article like trmporary account. Thanks in advance. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-27957-58|&#126;2025-27957-58]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-27957-58|talk]]) 20:50, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4) * The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&diff=58499099&oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13) ; Events * 6 November–3 December: [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5) * 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10) * 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 16:47, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29554723 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]] * As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out: ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] *** Help by identifying which videos need translation ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]] *** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics <br/> ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15) * [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:39, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29620767 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&13) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:24, 4 Januari 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29844481 --> == Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:At Wikimania 2025 127.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at Wikimania 2025 in Nairobi, Kenya]]<br> <div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Georgia: recognized & announced September 2025]] Recognition Status Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Recognition Status Report|Updates of affiliate applications]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]] AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 7#AffCom at WikiConference North America|AffCom at WikiConference North America]] AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem|AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem]] AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Administrative Updates|AffCom at Wikimania]]</div> </div> Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|This newsletter is best translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:11, 13 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=29907013 --> == Hongera za kumbukumbu za kujiunga na Wiki 🎉 == <div style="border: 3px solid #f75920; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.6em;"> [[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]] Mpendwa [[User:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]], Maadhimisho ya kujiunga kwako na Wiki yanakaribia, imebaki '''siku 2''' tu. Hii ni hatua muhimu sana, kwani utatimiza '''miaka 5''' tangu uanze kuchangia Wiki (kulingana na SUL). Umechangia zaidi ya '''marekebisho 7,476''', mchango wako umekuwa na matunda makubwa sana. Ninakutakia mwaka mwingine mzuri wa kushirikiana, kujifunza, na kueneza maarifa pamoja. ''Tumia [https://suyashdwivedi.github.io/Wiki_Tools/Wiki_Anniversary.html '''Kifaa hichi'''] kutuma pongezi za kumbukumbu za kujiunga na Wiki kwa wanawikimedia wengine.'' : '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 06:11, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) </div> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published. * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February. * The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:22, 4 Februari 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted! ; Other news * [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them. * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 & 13) ; Events * March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5) * [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &17) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:13, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == NV == [[Maalum:Michango/NATHAN_VERITA$]] = [[Maalum:Michango/Nathan_Veritas]] - destruction impertinente, utilisateur interdit. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-19674-88|&#126;2026-19674-88]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-19674-88|talk]]) 11:23, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it. ; Other news * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 11:26, 1 Aprili 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30155800 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!-- == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == --> <small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small> Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. [[File:AffCom_and_GRDC_members_at_APP_meeting,_Lisbon_2026_01_(cropped).jpg|220px|right|thumb|AffCom and GRDC members at APP meeting, Lisbon, Portugal]] <div style="column-count:1;"> Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|This past quarter, AffCom recognized no new Affiliates due to the pause in recognizing new affiliates.]] AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#AffCom Conflict Intervention|AffCom is currently addressing eight ongoing affiliate conflict cases received in previous quarters.]] Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension|The Wikimedia Foundation, together with the AffCom, has extended the pause on new affiliate recognition until September 1, 2026.]] New Affiliate Model Development Efforts: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#New Affiliate Model Development Efforts|The Affiliations Committee held collaborative meetings with the Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC) to explore the development of a new affiliations model.]] Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: Updates on the Movement Organizations Pilot, GRDC, and AffCom|Two major pilot initiatives were launched to address long-standing questions about the roles of movement organizations and the future of resource allocation.]] <div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:50, 03 May 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Buszmail@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Affiliations_Committee/News&oldid=30057452 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon "Women Botanists" and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 & 15) ; Events * Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 & 7) * May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15) * May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:47, 6 Mei 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30472224 --> == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> == Kura juu ya visual editor kwa miradi ya wiki == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kuboresha mifumo yetu ya kiufundi hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha ombi kule Phabricator ili watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor (Mhariri Unaoonekana) kwenye kurasa za miradi na kampeni zetu (`Wikipedia:Namespace`), jambo ambalo litatupunguzia sana mzigo wa kutumia Wiki markup ngumu wakati wa kuandaa warsha, mashindano, au majedwali ya miradi. Ili mafundi wa Wikimedia Foundation wawishe mfumo huu, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano na kura za wanajumuia wetu. Tafadhali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kupiga kura]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kurahisisha kazi ya waratibu na wahariri wote wa jumuia yetu. Shukrani sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:13, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7 & 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15) *[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 17:47, 1 Juni 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30606764 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; In the news * [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5) ; Events * 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) * 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]]. * 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:20, 3 Julai 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30633243 --> ==Mailing list for OWID updates== We have a new [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/owid.lists.wikimedia.org/ mailing list] for "OWID viewer" updates. Plan to send out notices whenever major improvements roll out. Please sign up if interested. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 13:00, 9 July 2026 (UTC) sm5noc4q7byi1ihvbss69p84e3d3zfa 0 136503 1578975 1484452 2026-07-09T18:24:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Jemimah Sanyu | image = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Jemimah Sanyu | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 25 Machi 1986 | mahala pa kuzaliwa = Uganda | tarehe ya kufa = | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = Stage Gladiator | kazi yake = mwanamziki | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = | academyawards = | afiawards = | arielaward = | baftaawards = | bfjaawards = | cesarawards = | emmyawards = | filmfareawards = | geminiawards = | goldencalfawards = | goldenglobeawards = | goldenraspberryawards = | goyaawards = | grammyawards = | iftaawards = | laurenceolivierawards = | naacpimageawards = | nationalfilmawards = | sagawards = | tonyawards = | awards = }} '''Jemimah Sanyu''' (anajulikana pia kama ''Stage Gladiator'') ni [[mwanamuziki]], [[mwigizaji]], mtayarishaji [[filamu]], na mkufunzi wa [[Uganda]].<ref>{{cite web | title=JEMIMA SANYU, AN ADORABLE THIEF | url=https://confessions256.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/jemima-sanyu-an-adorable-thief | website=Wordpress | publisher=Confessions256 | accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> Sanyu amekutana na watu kama [[Rais]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] wakati akiimba katika ''albamu'' yake ya ''I am a Ugandan''. Ameshiriki jukwaa na nyota maarufu wa Kiafrika kama ''Habib Koite'', ''Navio ''(rapa), ''Joanita Kawalya'' wa ''Afrigo Band'', na [[Juliana Kanyomozi]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Friends of Peter Nawe in Webale Video | url=http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2147/Friends-Of-Peter-Nawe-In-Webale-Video | accessdate=15 July 2013 | agency=Hipipo | publisher=Hipipo | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220432/http://www.hipipo.com/music/news/2147/Friends-Of-Peter-Nawe-In-Webale-Video }}</ref> na wengine wengi.<ref>{{cite news | title=Jemimah Sanyu (Uganda) | url=http://selam.se/eng/artists/jemimah-sanyu-uganda | agency=Selam Ethiopia | publisher=Selam}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Muziki== Sanyu ambaye ni mteule wa [[Tuzo]] za Diva mara mbili, alianza kufanya muziki kitaaluma mwaka wa 2007 alipojiunga na Grayce Records. Sanyu alipata kuimarika kama nyota wa muziki wa miondoko ya Afro pop na muziki wa dansi hasa kwa sababu ya uigizaji wake mkali na sauti yake.<ref>{{cite web | title=Uganda's top Female voices | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/648828-uganda-s-top-female-voices.html | website=New Vision | accessdate=26 October 2013}}</ref> Alifanikiwa kuandaa usiku wa muziki unaoitwa Sanyu Talks katika Jazzville Bugolobi kila [[Alhamisi]] akiandamana na bendi yake ya UNIT 446.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sanyu Talks At Jazz Ville|url=https://proggie.ug/sanyu-talks-at-jazz-ville/|website=Proggie Ug|accessdate=29 July 2013}}</ref> == Viungo Vya Nje == {{commons}} *[http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Doadoa--spreads-wings---Jinja/-/812796/2703266/-/lb4jquz/-/index.html "Doadoa spreads wings to Jinja"] *[http://musicinafrica.net/all-female-line-uganda%E2%80%99s-qwela-junction-november-concert All-female line-up for Uganda’s Qwela Junction November concert] {{Wayback|url=http://musicinafrica.net/all-female-line-uganda%E2%80%99s-qwela-junction-november-concert |date=20160304073036 }} *[http://lavieeco.com/news/culture/visa-for-music-une-plateforme-inedite-pour-booster-la-creation-musicale-de-lafrique-et-du-moyen-orient.html Visa For Music, une plateforme inédite pour booster la création musicale de l’Afrique et du Moyen-Orient] {{Wayback|url=http://lavieeco.com/news/culture/visa-for-music-une-plateforme-inedite-pour-booster-la-creation-musicale-de-lafrique-et-du-moyen-orient.html |date=20160304103308 }} *[http://musicinafrica.net/interview-ugandas-jemimah-sanyu-ready-take-world Interview: Uganda's Jemimah Sanyu ready to take on the world] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] b4t02king4w8hwl0rknpl2t7ismhq78 0 148607 1578928 1500236 2026-07-09T12:57:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Wakati wa kuokoa mchana''' (DST), unaojulikana pia kama wakati wa mchana (Marekani, Kanada, na Australia) au wakati wa kiangazi (Uingereza, Umoja wa Ulaya, na wengineo), ni desturi ya kuendeleza saa (kawaida kwa moja. saa) wakati wa miezi ya joto ili giza lianguke wakati wa saa ya baadaye. Utekelezaji wa kawaida wa DST ni kuweka saa mbele kwa saa moja katika majira ya kuchipua ("spring forward"), na kuweka saa nyuma kwa saa moja katika vuli ("fall back") ili kurudi kwa muda wa kawaida. Matokeo yake, kuna siku moja ya saa 23 mwishoni mwa majira ya baridi au mwanzo wa spring na siku moja ya saa 25 katika vuli. Wazo la kuoanisha saa za kuamka na saa za mchana ili kuhifadhi mishumaa lilipendekezwa kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo 1784 na mtafiti wa polima wa Marekani Benjamin Franklin. Katika barua ya kejeli kwa mhariri wa Jarida la Paris, Franklin alipendekeza kwamba kuamka mapema wakati wa kiangazi kungepunguza matumizi ya mishumaa na kukokotoa akiba kubwa. Mnamo 1895, mwanainolojia wa New Zealand na mwanaastronomia George Hudson alipendekeza wazo la kubadilisha saa kwa saa mbili kila masika hadi kwenye Jumuiya ya Falsafa ya Wellington. Mnamo 1907, mkazi wa Uingereza William Willett aliwasilisha wazo kama njia ya kuokoa nishati. Baada ya kufikiria kwa uzito, haikutekelezwa. Mnamo 1908 Port Arthur huko Ontario, Kanada, ilianza kutumia DST. Kuanzia Aprili 30, 1916, Milki ya Ujerumani na Austria-Hungaria kila moja ilipanga utekelezaji wa kwanza wa nchi nzima katika mamlaka zao. Nchi nyingi zimetumia DST kwa nyakati tofauti tangu wakati huo, haswa tangu shida ya nishati ya miaka ya 1970. DST kwa ujumla haizingatiwi karibu na ikweta, ambapo nyakati za macheo na machweo hazitofautiani vya kutosha kuhalalisha jambo hilo. Baadhi ya nchi huitazama tu katika baadhi ya maeneo: kwa mfano, sehemu za Australia huitazama, wakati sehemu nyingine haziioni. Kinyume chake, haizingatiwi katika baadhi ya maeneo ya latitudo za juu, kwa sababu kuna tofauti kubwa za nyakati za macheo na machweo na zamu ya saa moja haiwezi kuleta tofauti kubwa. Marekani huiona, isipokuwa kwa majimbo ya Hawaii na Arizona (ndani ya majimbo ya mwisho, hata hivyo, Taifa la Wanavajo hulizingatia, likipatana na mazoezi ya shirikisho). Idadi ndogo ya watu duniani wanatumia DST; Asia na Afrika kwa ujumla hawana. [[Jamii:Makala yasiyo na viungo vya ndani]] nsgkbar09texew7afxcoq7d4ld52s7x 0 149093 1578978 1515677 2026-07-09T19:26:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johann van der Sandt''', ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye alizaliwa katika [[jimbo]] la [[Dola Huru]] . Alisoma katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Pretoria]] <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Johannes Theodorus van der Sandt|url=https://www.unibz.it/en/faculties/education/academic-staff/person/35788-johannes-theodorus-van-der-sandt|accessdate=2021-08-25|work=www.unibz.it|language=en-GB}}</ref> ambapo alipata B. Mus (Ed), B. Mus (Hons), M Mus (Musiekwetenskap) na D Mus (Uendeshaji wa [[Kwaya]]), pamoja na [[stashahada]] katika elimu ya Muziki ya piano, vyombo vya sauti na clarinet. Mnamo Januari [[1996]] alipata [[stashahada]] ya Uendeshaji katika [[taasisi]] ya Mafunzo ya Waongoza Kwaya, Gorinchem ([[Uholanzi]]) chini ya uongozi wa Joop Schets. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Johannes Theodorus van der Sandt|url=https://www.unibz.it/en/faculties/education/academic-staff/person/35788-johannes-theodorus-van-der-sandt|accessdate=2021-08-25|work=www.unibz.it|language=en-GB}}[https://www.unibz.it/en/faculties/education/academic-staff/person/35788-johannes-theodorus-van-der-sandt "Johannes Theodorus van der Sandt"]. ''www.unibz.it''</ref> == Wasifu == Van der Sandt alishikilia wadhifa kama Profesa wa Uendeshaji wa [[kwaya]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Pretoria]] na alikuwa mwendeshaji rasmi wa Kwaya wa [[Chuo Kikuu]] ambapo alitekeleza mtindo wa kipekee wa uimbaji wa kwaya kwenye kampasi za [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Afrika Kusini]] hadi [[Juni]] [[2008]].<ref><nowiki>https://www.unibz.it/en/faculties/education/academic-staff/person/35788-johannes-theodorus-van-der-sandt</nowiki></ref> Pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Kwaya ya Singkronies Chamber . Lengo la kwaya ni kuunda jukwaa la kazi za watunzi wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. Kwaya iyo ilipokea Tuzo mbili za [[Muziki]] za [[Afrika Kusini]] katika kitengo cha Utendaji Bora wa Kwaya. Mnamo [[2006]] Van der Sandt aliweka pamoja Can't'Afrika, kikundi cha uimbaji cha waimbaji 12 ambao lengo lao ni kusoma na kufanya kazi za watunzi wa [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Viungo vya nje == * http://www.singkronies.co.za/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.singkronies.co.za/ |date=20070218121204 }} * http://www.tukscamerata.up.ac.za/index.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.tukscamerata.up.ac.za/index.html |date=20250123080715 }} * Johann van der Sandt (mawasiliano ya kibinafsi) * Vipeperushi ambavyo havijachapishwa vilivyotolewa na Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria Camerata * [http://www.tukscamerata.up.ac.za/index.html Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria Camerata] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tukscamerata.up.ac.za/index.html |date=20250123080715 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070218121204/http://www.singkronies.co.za/ Kwaya ya Singkronies Chamber] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060930204809/http://www.crcn.co.za/eastrandyouthchoir/ Kwaya ya Vijana ya East Rand] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:1lib1ref 2023]] d6hgj4sg68iibge3s5m9tel6aqnilaa 0 150062 1578997 1520589 2026-07-10T04:54:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Jina = Mighty King Kong | Nchi = |Jina la kuzaliwa=Paul Otieno Imbaya|Amekufa=Disemba 25, 2007|Amezaliwa=September 26, 1973|Asili yake=[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]}} '''Paul Otieno Imbaya''' ([[26 Septemba]] [[1973]] - [[25 Desemba]] [[2007]]), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Mighty King Kong''', alikuwa mwanamuziki wa [[reggae]] kutoka [[Kenya]] . Alizaliwa Ugenya, [[Kaunti ya Siaya|Wilaya ya Siaya]] . Alipokuwa [[mtoto]] alipata shambulio kali la [[Ugonjwa wa kupooza|polio]] na alilemazwa kiuno na kwenda chini kutibiwa. Alisoma katika Shule ya Msingi ya Ambira, lakini akaacha shule akiwa Darasa la Sita kufuatia kifo cha babake. Alihamia jiji la [[Kisumu]] ambako alikua [[Watoto wa mitaani|mtoto wa mitaani]] na ombaomba . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|title=Rags to Records - The reggae musician who started off as a street beggar in Kisumu|author=Karuoya|first=Njoki|date=2000|work=[[Nation FM]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000510170051/http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|archivedate=10 May 2000}}</ref> Mnamo [[1993]] alihamia [[Nairobi]] . Kwa usaidizi wa DJ Stone, [[Disc jockey|deejay]] ambaye alikutana naye Kisumu, aliweza kutumbuiza katika vilabu vya Nairobi kila wiki. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|title=Rags to Records - The reggae musician who started off as a street beggar in Kisumu|author=Karuoya|first=Njoki|date=2000|work=[[Nation FM]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000510170051/http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|archivedate=10 May 2000}} Karuoya, Njoki (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20000510170051/http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html "Rags to Records - The reggae musician who started off as a street beggar in Kisumu"]. ''[[Taifa FM|Nation FM]]''. Archived from [http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html the original] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html |date=20000510170051 }} on 10 May 2000. Retrieved</ref> Miaka michache baadaye alihamia [[Mombasa]] na kutumbuiza na bendi kama [[Them Mushrooms]] na Pressmen. Baadaye alihamia [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] kutumbuiza na bendi maarufu ya Simba Ngoma. Mjini Kampala alipata pesa za kutosha kurekodi albamu yake ya kwanza. Alirejea Albamu yake, iliyoitwa ''Ladies Choice'', ilitayarishwa na Maurice Oyando, babake RV na mtangazaji wa redio Tallia Oyando, wa studio za Next Level. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|title=Rags to Records - The reggae musician who started off as a street beggar in Kisumu|author=Karuoya|first=Njoki|date=2000|work=[[Nation FM]]|accessdate=20 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000510170051/http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html|archivedate=10 May 2000}}Karuoya, Njoki (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20000510170051/http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html "Rags to Records - The reggae musician who started off as a street beggar in Kisumu"]. ''[[Taifa FM|Nation FM]]''. Archived from [http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html the original] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/96-4NATION/feature8.html |date=20000510170051 }} on 10 May 2000 Retrieved</ref> Ilitolewa mnamo Juni [[1999]]. Albamu yake ya pili, ''Cinderella'' ilitolewa mnamo [[2001]], tena na studio za Next Level. Albamu yake ya tatu, ''Return of the King'', aliitoa mnamo [[2004]]. Hata hivyo, Mighty King Kong alilaumu hadharani kutokana na mkataba wake kuwa wa kinyonyaji. Mnamo [[2007]], alitoa albamu ya mkusanyiko "The Best of King Kong". Nje na Kenya, alitumbuiza nchini [[Ujerumani]], [[Uholanzi]] na [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Kifo == Alikufa Siku ya Krismasi, [[2007]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 34, baada ya kulishwa sumu (kama ilivyoandikwa kwenye magazeti ya ndani). Alisafirishwa hadi Hospitali ya Taifa ya Kenyatta jijini [[Nairobi]], ambako alifariki alipokuwa akitibiwa. Alimwacha mjane , Jackline Ouma, na mtoto. <ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://eastandard.net/news/?id=1143979516&cid=159|title='Mighty' King Kong passes on|last=Adero|first=Brian|date=26 December 2007}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki nchi kwa nchi]] phoc4iqqellobtionb66rkho29kzd62 828 160628 1579023 1252435 2026-07-10T11:56:59Z Uzume 3998 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q24733825|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 1579023 Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. require("strict") local p = {} local module_arg = ... local i18n local i18nPath local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = module_arg end if not i18n then i18nPath = title .. "/i18n" i18n = require(i18nPath).init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date", globalSiteId = "globalSiteId" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", authorNameString = "P2093", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", wikimediaImportURL = "P4656", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903", subjectNamedAs = "P1810", wikidataProperty = "P1687", publishedIn = "P1433", lastUpdate = "P5017" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, ...) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if arg then text = mw.ustring.format(text, unpack(arg)) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, ...) error(errorText(errorMessage, unpack(arg))) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables local function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end local function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) -- explicitly give base 10 to prevent error if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end local function isValueInTable(searchedItem, inputTable) for _, item in pairs(inputTable) do if item == searchedItem then return true end end return false end local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^%+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local citeParamMapping = i18n['cite']['param-mapping'] local citeConfig = i18n['cite']['config'] local citeTypes = i18n['cite']['output-types'] -- will hold rendered properties of the reference which are not directly from statement.snaks, -- Namely, is URL generated from an external ID. local additionalProcessedProperties = {} -- for each citation type, there will be an associative array that associates lists of rendered properties -- to citation-template parameters local candidateParams = {} -- like above, but only associates one rendered property to each parameter; if the above variable -- contains more strings for a parameter, the strings will be assigned to numbered params (e.g. "author1") local citeParams = {} local citeErrors = {} local referenceEmpty = true -- will be set to false if at least one parameter is left unremoved local version = 12 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if not statement.snaks then return {} end -- don't use bot-added references referencing Wikimedia projects or containing "inferred from" (such references are not usable on Wikipedia) if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.wikimediaImportURL] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then return {} end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end if statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn] and not statement.snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] then -- "stated in" was given but "reference URL" was not. -- get "Wikidata property" properties from the item in "stated in" -- if any of the returned properties of the external-id datatype is in statement.snaks, generate a link from it and use the link in the reference -- find the "Wikidata property" properties in the item from "stated in" local wikidataPropertiesOfSource = mw.text.split(p._properties{p.flags.raw, aliasesP.wikidataProperty, [p.args.eid] = self.conf:getValue(statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn][1], true, false)}, ", ", true) for i, wikidataPropertyOfSource in pairs(wikidataPropertiesOfSource) do if statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] and statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource][1].datatype == "external-id" then local tempLink = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, wikidataPropertyOfSource, false, true) -- not raw, linked if mw.ustring.match(tempLink, "^%[%Z- %Z+%]$") then -- getValue returned a URL in square brackets. -- the link is in wiki markup, so strip the square brackets and the display text -- gsub also returns another, discarted value, therefore the result is assigned to tempLink first tempLink = mw.ustring.gsub(tempLink, "^%[(%Z-) %Z+%]$", "%1") additionalProcessedProperties[aliasesP.referenceURL] = {tempLink} statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] = nil break end end end end -- initialize candidateParams and citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do candidateParams[citeType] = {} citeParams[citeType] = {} end -- fill candidateParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do -- This will contain value--priority pairs for each param name. local candidateValuesAndPriorities = {} -- fill candidateValuesAndPriorities for refProperty in pairs(statement.snaks) do if citeErrors[citeType] then break end repeat -- just a simple wrapper to emulate "continue" -- set mappingKey and prefix local mappingKey local prefix = "" if statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype == 'external-id' then mappingKey = "external-id" prefix = self.conf:getLabel(refProperty) if prefix ~= "" then prefix = prefix .. " " end else mappingKey = refProperty end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][mappingKey] -- skip properties with empty parameter name if paramName == "" then break -- skip this property for this value of citeType end -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then referenceEmpty = false local error_message = errorText("unknown-property-in-ref", refProperty) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message break end -- set processedProperty local processedProperty local raw = false -- if the value is wanted raw if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["raw-value-params"] or {}) then raw = true end if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then -- Multiple values may be given. processedProperty = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked, true) -- anyLang = true else -- If multiple values are given, all but the first suitable one are discarted. processedProperty = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked and (statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #processedProperty == 0 then break end referenceEmpty = false -- add an empty entry to candidateValuesAndPriorities, if there isn't one already if not candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] then candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] = {} end -- find the priority of refProperty local thisPropertyPriority = -1 local thisParamPrioritization = citeConfig[citeType]["prioritization"][paramName] if thisParamPrioritization then for i_priority, i_property in ipairs(thisParamPrioritization) do if i_property == refProperty then thisPropertyPriority = i_priority end end end for _, propertyValue in pairs(processedProperty) do table.insert( candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], {prefix .. propertyValue, thisPropertyPriority} ) end until true end -- fill candidateParams[citeType] if not citeErrors[citeType] then local compareValuePriorities = function(pair1, pair2) if pair1[2] == -1 and pair2[2] ~= -1 then return false end if pair1[2] ~= -1 and pair2[2] == -1 then return true end return pair1[2] < pair2[2] end -- fill candidateParams[citeType][paramName] for each used param for paramName, _ in pairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities) do table.sort(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], compareValuePriorities) candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} for _, valuePriorityPair in ipairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], valuePriorityPair[1]) end end end end -- handle additional properties for refProperty in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties) do for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do repeat -- skip if there already have been errors if citeErrors[citeType] then break end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][refProperty] -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then -- Skip this additional property, but do not cause an error. break end if paramName == "" then break end referenceEmpty = false if not candidateParams[citeType][paramName] then candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} end for _, propertyValue in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties[refProperty]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], propertyValue) end until true end end -- fill citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for paramName, paramValues in pairs(candidateParams[citeType]) do if #paramValues == 1 or not isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then citeParams[citeType][paramName] = paramValues[1] else -- There is more than one value for this parameter - the values will -- go into separate numbered parameters (e.g. "author1", "author2") for paramNum, paramValue in pairs(paramValues) do citeParams[citeType][paramName .. paramNum] = paramValue end end end end -- handle missing mandatory parameters for the templates for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for _, requiredCiteParam in pairs(citeConfig[citeType]["mandatory-params"] or {}) do if not citeParams[citeType][requiredCiteParam] then -- The required param is not present. if citeErrors[citeType] then -- Do not override the previous error, if it exists. break end local error_message = errorText("missing-mandatory-param", requiredCiteParam) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message end end end local citeTypeToUse = nil -- choose the output template for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do if not citeErrors[citeType] then citeTypeToUse = citeType break end end -- set refContent local refContent = "" if citeTypeToUse then local templateToUse = citeConfig[citeTypeToUse]["template"] local paramsToUse = citeParams[citeTypeToUse] if not templateToUse or templateToUse == "" then throwError("no-such-reference-template", tostring(templateToUse), i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(paramsToUse) do refContent = refContent .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end refContent = "{{" .. templateToUse .. refContent .. "}}" else xpcall( function () refContent = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=templateToUse, args=paramsToUse} end, function () throwError("no-such-reference-template", templateToUse, i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end ) end -- If the citation couldn't be displayed using any template, but is not empty (barring ignored propeties), throw an error. elseif not referenceEmpty then refContent = errorText("malformed-reference-header") for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do refContent = refContent .. errorText("template-failure-reason", citeConfig[citeType]["template"], citeErrors[citeType]) end refContent = refContent .. errorText("malformed-reference-footer") end -- wrap refContent local ref = {} if refContent ~= "" then ref = {refContent} if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later ref.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['version']) + version) end return {ref} else return {} end end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then local valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix, globalSiteId) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page, globalSiteId) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], false, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p j5a6l03tjwodgrvfnv3lb4x5up93wlv 828 160629 1579022 1252436 2026-07-10T11:56:54Z Uzume 3998 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q29879601|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 1579022 Scribunto text/plain -- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki. local p = {} function p.init(aliasesP) p = { ["version"] = "8", -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid reference conflict errors ["errors"] = { ["unknown-data-type"] = "Unknown or unsupported datatype '%s'.", ["missing-required-parameter"] = "No required parameters defined, needing at least one", ["extra-required-parameter"] = "Parameter '%s' must be defined as optional", ["no-function-specified"] = "You must specify a function to call", -- equal to the standard module error message ["main-called-twice"] = 'The function "main" cannot be called twice', ["no-such-function"] = 'The function "%s" does not exist', -- equal to the standard module error message ["no-such-reference-template"] = 'Error: template "%s", which is set in %s as the output template for the citation-output type "%s", does not exist', -- Parts of the error message signalling a malformed reference. ["malformed-reference-header"] = "<span style=\"color:#dd3333\">\nError: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:\n", ["malformed-reference-footer"] = "See [[Module:wd/doc#References|the documentation]] for further details.\n</span>\n[[Category:Module:Wd reference errors]]", ["template-failure-reason"] = "* Reason for the failure of {{tl|%s}}: %s\n", ["missing-mandatory-param"] = 'The output template call would miss the mandatory parameter <code>%s</code>.', ["unknown-property-in-ref"] = 'The Wikidata reference contains the property {{property|%s}}, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.' }, ["info"] = { ["edit-on-wikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata" }, ["numeric"] = { ["decimal-mark"] = ".", ["delimiter"] = "," }, ["datetime"] = { ["prefixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "" }, ["suffixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "s", ["millennium"] = " millennium", ["century"] = " century", ["million-years"] = " million years", ["billion-years"] = " billion years", ["year"] = " year", ["years"] = " years" }, ["julian-calendar"] = "Julian calendar", -- linked page title ["julian"] = "Julian", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["CE"] = "CE", ["common-era"] = "Common Era" -- linked page title }, ["coord"] = { ["latitude-north"] = "N", ["latitude-south"] = "S", ["longitude-east"] = "E", ["longitude-west"] = "W", ["degrees"] = "°", ["minutes"] = "'", ["seconds"] = '"', ["separator"] = ", " }, ["values"] = { ["unknown"] = "unknown", ["none"] = "none" }, ["cite"] = { ["output-types"] = {"web", "q"}, -- In this order, the output types will be tried ["param-mapping"] = { ["web"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.referenceURL] = "url", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date", [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.subjectNamedAs] = "title", [aliasesP.archiveURL] = "archive-url", [aliasesP.archiveDate] = "archive-date", [aliasesP.language] = "language", [aliasesP.author] = "author", [aliasesP.authorNameString] = "author", [aliasesP.publisher] = "publisher", [aliasesP.quote] = "quote", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", -- extra option [aliasesP.publishedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "at" }, ["q"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "1", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", [aliasesP.column] = "at", [aliasesP.chapter] = "chapter", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "section", ["external-id"] = "id", -- used for any type of database property ID [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date" } }, ["config"] = { -- supported fields: -- - template: name of the template used for output -- - numbered-params: citation params accepting an arbitrary number of values by numbering the params (e.g. author1, author2) -- - raw-value-params: params taking a raw value (which means the property is rendered with getValue with raw=true) -- - mandatory-params: params that are required be in the template call (after potentially appending numbers to params listed in numbered-params) -- - prioritization: table associating a list of properties, in the order in which they are preferred, to template parameters; -- properties not mentioned here have the lowest priority; -- prioritization of properties handled through additionalProcessedProperties is unsupported; -- no key of this table can be from numbered-params -- Leaving out the "template" field causes the output type to be ignored. ["web"] = { ["template"] = "Cite web", ["numbered-params"] = {"author"}, ["mandatory-params"] = {"url"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate}, ["title"] = {aliasesP.title, aliasesP.subjectNamedAs} } }, ["q"] = { ["template"] = "Cite Q", ["raw-value-params"] = {"1"}, -- the first, unnamed parameter of CiteQ takes a QID, not the name of the item cited ["mandatory-params"] = {"1"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate} } } } } } p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num) if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then return "th" -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th end num = tostring(num):sub(-1) if num == '1' then return "st" elseif num == '2' then return "nd" elseif num == '3' then return "rd" else return "th" end end p.addDelimiters = function(n) local left, num, right = string.match(n, "^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$") if left and num and right then return left .. (num:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1" .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right else return n end end return p end return p pgkxz3kqyoyu0zj2nmtkjkdr0ntnin5 0 171682 1578995 1578588 2026-07-10T04:28:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Medhi Benatia.jpg|Medhi_Benatia|thumb|Medi Benatia]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Medhi Benatia | fullname = Medhi Amine El Mouttaqi Benatia<ref>{{cite web|title=M. Benatia|url=http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/mehdi-el-mouttaqi-benatia.htm|publisher=Voetbal International|access-date=21 Agosti 2014|language=nl|accessdate=2023-06-13|archivedate=2014-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827141858/http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/mehdi-el-mouttaqi-benatia.htm}}</ref> | image = Medhi Benatia.jpg | image_size = | caption = Benatia na [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Moroko|Moroko]] katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2018|Kombe la Dunia 2018]] | birth_date = {{Tarehe ya kuzaliwa na umri|1987|4|17|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Courcouronnes]], Ufaransa | height = 1.90 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.juventus.com/it/squadre/prima-squadra/difensori/medhi-benatia/index.php |title=Medhi Benatia |access-date=31 Machi 2022 |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019182833/http://www.juventus.com:80/it/squadre/prima-squadra/difensori/medhi-benatia/index.php |archive-date=19 Oktoba 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | currentclub = | position = [[Beki wa kati]] | youthyears1 = 2000–2002 | youthclubs1 = [[INF Clairefontaine|Clairefontaine]] | youthyears2 = 2002–2003 | youthclubs2 = [[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]] | youthyears3 = 2003–2005 | youthclubs3 = [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] | years1 = 2005–2008 | clubs1 = [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2006–2007 | clubs2 = → [[Tours FC|Tours]] (mkopo) | caps2 = 29 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2007–2008 | clubs3 = → [[FC Lorient|Lorient]] (mkopo) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2008–2010 | clubs4 = [[Clermont Foot|Clermont]] | caps4 = 57 | goals4 = 2 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] | caps5 = 80 | goals5 = 6 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[A.S. Roma|Roma]] | caps6 = 33 | goals6 = 5 | years7 = 2014–2017 | clubs7 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] | caps7 = 29 | goals7 = 2 | years8 = 2016–2017 | clubs8 = → [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] (mkopo) | caps8 = 12 | goals8 = 1 | years9 = 2017–2019 | clubs9 = [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] | caps9 = 28 | goals9 = 2 | years10 = 2019–2021 | clubs10 = [[Al-Duhail SC|Al-Duhail]] | caps10 = 38 | goals10 = 1 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Fatih Karagümrük S.K.|Fatih Karagümrük]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 0 | totalcaps = 312 | totalgoals = 19 | nationalyears1 = 2005 | nationalteam1 = [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Ufaransa ya wachezaji wa chini ya miaka 18|Ufaransa U18]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2006–2007 | nationalteam2 = [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Moroko ya wachezaji wa chini ya miaka 20|Moroko U20]] | nationalcaps2 = 4 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2008–2019 | nationalteam3 = [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Moroko|Moroko]] | nationalcaps3 = 66 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | pcupdate = 20:31, 9 Desemba 2021 (UTC) }} '''Medhi Amine El Mouttaqi Benatia''' (alizaliwa 17 Aprili 1987) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa kitaalamu ambaye alicheza kama [[beki wa kati]]. Anajulikana sana kwa kucheza Ufaransa, Italia, na Ujerumani; Benatia aliwakilisha [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Moroko|Moroko]] katika kiwango cha kimataifa, ambapo alicheza michezo 66 na alikuwa [[nahodha]] wao kwenye Kombe la Dunia baada ya miaka 20. ==Heshima== [[File:Juventus Football Club 2016-17.jpg|thumb|Benatia (''mbele ya tano kushoto'') katika kikosi cha Juventus kilichoshinda mataji mara mbili msimu wa 2016–17]] '''Marseille''' * [[Kombe la UEFA Intertoto]]: [[Kombe la UEFA Intertoto 2005|2005]] '''Bayern Munich'''<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web | url = https://int.soccerway.com/players/mehdi-benatia/13730// | title = M. Benatia | publisher = Soccerway | access-date = 30 Agosti 2014}}</ref> * [[Bundesliga]]: [[Bundesliga 2014–15|2014–15]], [[Bundesliga 2015–16|2015–16]] * [[DFB-Pokal]]: [[DFB-Pokal 2015–16|2015–16]] '''Juventus'''<ref name="Soccerway"/> * [[Serie A]]: [[Serie A 2016–17|2016–17]], [[Serie A 2017–18|2017–18]], [[Serie A 2018–19|2018–19]] * [[Coppa Italia]]: [[Coppa Italia 2016–17|2016–17]], [[Coppa Italia 2017–18|2017–18]] * [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[Supercoppa Italiana 2018|2018]] * Mshindi wa pili wa [[Ligi ya Mabingwa wa UEFA]]: [[Ligi ya Mabingwa wa UEFA 2016–17|2016–17]] '''Al-Duhail'''<ref name="Soccerway"/> * [[Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar]]: [[Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar 2019–20|2019–20]] * [[Kombe la Emir of Qatar|Kombe la Emir wa Qatar]]: [[Kombe la Emir wa Qatar 2019|2019–20]] * Mshindi wa pili wa [[Kombe la Qatar]]: 2020 '''Binafsi''' * [[Timu ya Mwaka ya CAF]]: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/cafawards/previouseditions/2013.aspx | title = Glo-Caf Awards Lagos 2013 | publisher = cafonline.com | date = 2013 | access-date = 11 Julai 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx | title = Glo-Caf Award Winners 2014 | date = 9 Januari 2015 | access-date = 16 Oktoba 2016 | accessdate = 2023-06-13 | archivedate = 2018-06-28 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015452/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=rIVF4WCnlfavi%2fKHOwXX6w%3d%3d | title = Aubameyang, Samatta rule Africa | publisher = cafonline.com | date = 7 Januari 2016 | access-date = 11 Julai 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Salah and Mane Picked in First Africa Best 11|url=https://fifpro.org/news/salah-mahrez-and-mane-in-first-africa-best-11/en/|publisher=FIFPro|date=8 Januari 2019|access-date=8 Januari 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109062759/https://fifpro.org/news/salah-mahrez-and-mane-in-first-africa-best-11/en/|archive-date=9 Januari 2019|url-status=dead|accessdate=2023-06-13|archivedate=2019-01-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109062759/https://fifpro.org/news/salah-mahrez-and-mane-in-first-africa-best-11/en/}}</ref> * Mars d'Or (Mchezaji Bora wa Morocco): 2013, 2014<ref>[http://www.h24info.ma/depeches/badr-hari-et-mehdi-benatia-plebiscites-lors-des-mars-dor/22069/ Badr Hari et Mehdi Benatia plébiscités lors des "Mars d'Or"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502080515/http://www.h24info.ma/depeches/badr-hari-et-mehdi-benatia-plebiscites-lors-des-mars-dor/22069|date=2 Mei 2014}}, http://www.h24info.ma, 16 Aprili 2014.</ref> * [[El Heddaf]] Mchezaji Bora wa Kiarabu wa Mwaka: 2015 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa A.S. Roma: [[Msimu wa 2013–14 wa A.S. Roma|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africatopsports.com/2014/04/30/mehdi-benatia-le-marocain-elu-joueur-de-la-saison-a-la-roma|title=A.S. Roma Awards 2013–14: Player of the Season|date=28 Aprili 2014|access-date=7 Desemba 2014|archive-date=2023-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503051911/https://www.africatopsports.com/2014/04/30/mehdi-benatia-le-marocain-elu-joueur-de-la-saison-a-la-roma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *"Gran Galà del calcio AIC" Mlinzi Bora wa Kati: 2014<ref>{{cite web | url=https://forzaitalianfootball.com/2014/12/gran-gala-del-calcio-aic-2014-winners/ | title=Gran Gala del Calcio AIC 2014 – Washindi | date=15 Desemba 2014 }}</ref> * Timu Bora ya Msimu ya Shirikisho la Habari za Michezo ya Ulaya: [[Timu Bora ya Msimu ya Shirikisho la Habari za Michezo ya Ulaya#2013–14|2013–14]]<ref name="kicker.de_2014">{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/intligen/startseite/605656/2/slideshow_die-esm-topelf-der-saison-20132f14---ein-deutscher-ist-dabei.html | title = Die ESM-Topelf der Saison 2013/14 – ein Deutscher ist dabei | language = de | publisher = kicker.de | access-date = 15 Juni 2014}}</ref> * [[Timu ya Mwaka ya Serie A]]: [[Timu ya Mwaka ya Serie A#2013–2014|2013–14]] *[[Qatar Stars League]] Timu Bora ya Mwaka: 2019–20 * [[Globe Soccer Awards]] Mchezaji Bora wa Kiarabu wa Mwaka: 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globesoccer.com/ar/winners/mohamed-salah-best-arab-player-of-the-year-5/|title=Globe Soccer Awards Mchezaji Bora wa Kiarabu wa Mwaka 2016|publisher=Globe Soccer|date=27 Desemba 2014|access-date=4 Desemba 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229030918/https://www.globesoccer.com/ar/winners/mohamed-salah-best-arab-player-of-the-year-5/|archive-date=29 Desemba 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[France Football]] Timu ya Mwaka ya Afrika: 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football }}</ref> *[[Goal (website)|Goal]] Timu ya Mwaka ya Afrika: 2018<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Revealed: Goal Africa Team of the Year 2018 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/galleries/revealed-goal-africa-team-of-the-year-2018/6/zh84265dmhp31ex8lux0n67vg|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#Timu ya Wanaume ya Muongo (2011–2020)|IFFHS Timu ya Wanaume ya Muongo ya CAF]] 2011–2020<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=28 Januari 2021|title=IFFHS (Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Historia na Takwimu za Soka|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|access-date=31 Januari 2021|website=IFFHS|archive-date=2021-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130142/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] Timu ya Ndoto ya Wanaume ya Morocco ya Milele<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1722 | title=IFFHS | accessdate=2023-06-13 | archive-date=2022-03-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305210756/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1722 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bevno5atpymczlgamk135u2a838o0ir 0 180004 1578999 1521155 2026-07-10T05:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moremi Ajasoro''' alikuwa malkia wa [[hadithi]] wa [[Wayoruba]] na shujaa wao katika eneo la Kusini Magharibi mwa [[Nigeria]] ya leo ambaye alisaidia katika ukombozi wa [[ufalme]] wa Yoruba wa ''Ife'' kutoka kwa ufalme wa jirani wa ''Ugbo''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4|title=Did you know about the courageous Queen Moremi whose statue is the tallest in Nigeria?|date=2018-08-07|website=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-08|archive-date=2019-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514064551/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/myths-and-legends-did-you-know-about-the-courageous-queen-moremi-whose-statue-is-the/hr4llg4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moremi alikuwa ameolewa na ''Oranmiyan'', mwana wa ''Oduduwa'', mfalme wa kwanza wa Ife.<ref>{{Rejea habari|page=83|title=Art in Ancient Ife, Birthplace of the Yoruba|author=Suzanne Preston Blier|url=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/blier/files/blier.pdf|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=December 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="scholar">{{cite journal|title=The Radical Alternative and the Dilemma of the Intellectual Dramatist in Nigeria|publisher=Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies|author=Dele Layiwola|year=1991|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x1824zj.pdf|accessdate=December 22, 2016|pages=67–68|archive-date=2026-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260422070942/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x1824zj.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuDyAAAAMAAJ&q=Moremi+Yoruba+princess|title=Moremi, the Courageous Queen|author=Segun Thomas Ajayi|publisher=Indiana University (Publications Limited)|year=2007|isbn=978-9-788-1250-75}}</ref> ==Maisha na historia== Ayaba Moremi alikuwa hai katika [[karne ya 12]],<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/music/queen-moremi-folk-opera|title=Queen Moremi Folk Opera|publisher=Mount Holyoke College|accessdate=December 22, 2016|archivedate=2016-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222153630/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/music/queen-moremi-folk-opera}}</ref><ref name=scholar/> alitokea eneo la [[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnYyAAAAIAAJ|title=Wisdom Lectures on African Thought and Culture|author=Oliver Alozie Onwubiko|publisher= Totan Publishers Limited (University of California) |year= 1988|isbn=978-9-782-4495-35|page=64}}</ref> na aliolewa na ''Oramiyan'', mrithi wa mfalme wa Ife na mwana wa mwanzilishi wa watu wa Yoruba, Oduduwa.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9T_Yt3WAizkC&pg=PA59|title=Womanism and African Consciousness|author= Mary Ebun Modupe Kolawole|work=Women's studies: Literary criticism/Africa|publisher=Africa World Press|year=1997|isbn=9780865435414|page=59}}</ref> Ile-Ife ilikuwa ufalme ambao inasemekana ulikuwa vitani na kundi jirani walioitwa ''Watu wa Msitu'', Ugbò kwa lugha ya Yoruba. Maelfu ya raia wa Ife walikuwa wanatekwa nyara na watu hawa, na kwa sababu hiyo walikuwa kwa ujumla wanachukiwa na wenyeji wa Ife ya mapema. Ingawa watu wa Ile-Ife walikuwa wakikasirishwa na uvamizi wao, hawakuwa na njia ya kujilinda. Hii ni kwa sababu wavamizi walionekana kama roho (Ará Ọ̀rùn) na watu wa Ife, wakionekana kama mavazi kamili ya makarara ya majani ya mtende. Malkia Moremi alikuwa mwanamke jasiri, shujaa na mrembo ambaye ili kukabiliana na tatizo linalowakabili watu wake, aliweka nadhiri kubwa kwa Roho ya mto Esimirin ili aweze kugundua nguvu za maadui wa taifa lake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-09-26 |title=Remembering Moremi Ajasoro |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/remembering-moremi-ajasoro/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nwakunor |first=Gregory |date=2019-05-05 |title=Hope, betrayal and woman in 'Moremi The Musical' |url=https://guardian.ng/art/hope-betrayal-and-woman-in-moremi-the-musical/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515144218/https://guardian.ng/art/hope-betrayal-and-woman-in-moremi-the-musical/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baada ya mashambulizi yasiyoisha na Ife ikiwa chini ya mzingiro, alichukua hatua ya kishujaa ya kujitoa mwenyewe ili akamatwe na wavamizi. Kisha alitekwa kama mtumwa na Wagbo, na kutokana na uzuri wake na msaada wa Esimirin, aliolewa na kiongozi wao kama malkia aliyetangazwa. Baada ya kuzoea siri za jeshi la mumewe mpya, alitoroka kwenda Ile-Ife na kulifunua hilo kwa Wayoruba, ambao baadaye waliweza kuwashinda katika vita kwa kutumia taarifa alizotoa.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w3CR1m0SZnkC&pg=PA29|title=Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere (McGill Studies in the History of Religions)|author=anu oluwapo|publisher= SUNY Press|year= 2003|isbn = 978-0-791-4588-53|page=29}}</ref> Baada ya vita, alirudi kwa mumewe wa kwanza, Mfalme ''Oramiyan'' wa Ife (na baadaye [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]]), ambaye mara moja alimrudisha kama malkia wake. Moremi alirudi kwenye mto Esimirin kutekeleza kiapo chake. Mto ulihitaji asafishe mwana wake pekee, Oluorogbo. Ombi hilo lilikuwa jambo lisilowezekana, na Moremi aliomba kwa mungu apokee dhabihu ya chini ya kutisha. Mwishowe, hata hivyo, alitekeleza ahadi yake na kulipa gharama. Kumpa Oluorogbo kwa mungu wa mto lilimhuzunisha sana Moremi na ufalme wote wa Ife. Watu wake walimfariji Malkia Moremi kwa kuwa watoto wake wa milele kama fidia kwa mtoto aliyempoteza - ahadi waliyoitimiza hadi leo hii. ==Urithi== Sherehe ya Edi iliandaliwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo cha Moremi kwa lengo la kusherehekea dhabihu aliyotoa kwa ajili ya watu wa Yoruba. Hivi karibuni, tamthilia ya ''Queen Moremi: The Musical'' - hadithi ya mahaba, imani, heshima, na dhabihu kuu - imeandaliwa pia. Majina mbalimbali ya maeneo ya umma yametajwa kwa jina lake katika eneo la Yoruba nchini Nigeria, kama vile ''Moremi High School'' na nyumba za makazi ya wanawake katika Chuo ''Kikuu cha Lagos'' na ''Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo''. Mwaka wa 2017, Oba ''Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi'', Ooni wa Ile-Ife, Jimbo la Osun, alijenga sanamu la Moremi katika jumba lake la kifalme. Sanamu hilo ni refu zaidi nchini Nigeria, likichukua nafasi ya zamani ya rekodi hiyo (sanamu huko Owerri, mji mkuu wa Jimbo la Imo). Pia ni la nne kwa urefu zaidi barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Moremi Ajasoro: The woman who used her beauty to save her people where men failed|url=https://www.legit.ng/1172653-the-story-ile-ifes-unforgettable-female-legend-moremi-ajasoro.html|last=Bodunrin|first=Sola|date=2018-05-31|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> ==Fasihi na Vyombo vya Habari== Hadithi ya Moremi imewahamasisha watu wengi kufanya mabadiliko katika fasihi na tamthilia. Mabadiliko ya pekee ni kitabu cha vibonzo kiitwacho "Moremi: An African Legend" chini ya mfululizo wa vibonzo 'An African Legend'. Kilichapishwa mwaka 2021 kwa kutumia mtindo maarufu wa ''bande dessinee'' ili kukidhi mahitaji ya vijana. Kipindi cha ''Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire'' kilichoitwa "Moremi" kinafuata kwa karibu hadithi hiyo na kuwa hitimisho linaloleta faraja kwa hadithi ya awali. Moremi anaonyeshwa kama mwanasayansi ambaye alilazimika kutumia mwanae Olu, labda toleo fupi la Oluorogbo, kama chanzo cha nishati ili kuwakabili viumbe hatari waliokuwa wakiishi ardhini. Hii ilisababisha kuzaliwa kwa Luo, kiumbe kama roho ambaye alikuwepo. Moremi anamwokoa Luo na kujaribu kumrejesha katika mwili wake wa awali. Kwa kufanya hivyo, viumbe hao wanashindwa na hatimaye Moremi anakutana tena na mwanae. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wayoruba]] i5mxq69gyltmb2mfksg0ln964pp6kcp 0 181230 1578929 1577682 2026-07-09T13:02:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Wesley Wentz Posvar Hall.JPG|thumb|Jengo la Wesley W. Posvar]] '''Jengo la Wesley W. Posvar''' au Posvar, lakini awali lilijulikana kama Forbes Quadrangle<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Request Rejected|url=https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:200618.10.1.179|work=historicpittsburgh.org|accessdate=2024-04-29}}</ref> Jengo<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wesley W. Posvar Hall {{!}} Campus Tour|url=https://www.tour.pitt.edu/tour/wesley-w-posvar-hall|work=www.tour.pitt.edu|accessdate=2024-04-29}}</ref>, ni jengo muhimu la masomo na lina mchango mkubwa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh]]. Ndani ya jengo hili, kuna ofisi nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Shule ya Elimu, Chuo cha Masomo ya Jumla (College of General Studies), Shule ya Umahiri ya Mambo ya Umma na Kimataifa (Graduate School of Public and International Studies), na Shule ya Sanaa na Sayansi (inayojulikana kama Shule ya Dietrich). == Jengo la Wesley Wentz Posvar == Katika Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh, kulikuwa na mtu mashuhuri aliyeitwa Wesley Wentz Posvar, ambaye alikuwa Rais wa Chuo wa kumi na tano. Alizaliwa Septemba 14, 1925, huko Topeka, Jimbo la Kansas, nchini Marekani. Mwaka wa 1946, alijiunga na jeshi. Baadaye, alisomea katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford na Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Baada ya kuondoka jeshini, alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh ambapo alikuwa Rais wa Chuo. Wesley Wentz Posvar amejulikana sana kwa mchango wake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh, ambapo aliongoza ujenzi wa shule nyingi. Aliaga dunia Julai 27, 2001. == Ujenzi == Jengo la Wesley W. Posvar lilijengwa na Louis Valentour. Jengo hili lina ukubwa wa 69,184.4 m². Jengo la Posvar liko karibu na Jengo la David Lawrence Hall, Jengo la Sheria la Barco, na Maghorofa ya Litchfield. Jengo hili lina jumla ya madirisha 2,000, ofisi 574, vyumba 30 vya mikutano, na kumbi 3 za mihadhara. Jengo la Posvar liligharimu karibu dola milioni 38,000,000, au shilingi bilioni 5. Kuna lifti zinazowahudumia walimu na wanafunzi. Pia kuna kituo cha Jengo la Posvar kinachojulikana kama Nyumba ya Sanaa (Galleria). Hapa, kuna michoro mbalimbali. Mojawapo ya michoro hiyo ni mchoro unaojulikana kama "Kutaalamika na Kufurahi" (Englightment and Joy), ambao ulichorwa na Virgil Cantini. == Masomo ya Kimataifa na Masomo ya Kiafrika katika Jengo la Posvar == Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh kina masomo ya kimataifa ambapo wanafunzi wanaweza kusoma kuhusu nchi na mataoifa mbalimbali. Pia, wanaweza kujifunza lugha mbalimbali kama Kifaransa, Kiitaliano, na Kijapani. Kuna walimu wanaotokea nchi za Kiafrika ambao wanafundisha lugha kama Kiswahili, Kiamhara, Kiyoruba, Kiwolof, Kiakani, na Kiarabu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Welcome to the Center for African Studies {{!}} African Studies Program|url=https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/africa/node/1|work=www.ucis.pitt.edu|accessdate=2024-04-29}}</ref> Wanafunzi wengi huchagua kusoma masomo ya Kiafrika. Hapa, wanaweza kupata vyeti au shahada katika masomo ya Kiafrika. Kuna ofisi maalum kwa masomo ya Kiafrika ambapo wanafunzi wanaweza kupata ushauri kutoka kwa mshauri wa wanafunzi anayeitwa Anna-Maria Karnes. Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh hutoa ufadhili kwa wanafunzi wanaosoma lugha za Kiafrika kama Kiswahili na Kiarabu kupitia tuzo kama vile FLAS (Foreign Language and Area Studies). <references /> [[Jamii:Majengo ya Marekani]] d7mxxlxid2kkef144biotkwzvink7kr 0 182247 1578984 1516227 2026-07-09T21:15:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justus Abonyo Nyang'aya''' ni mtaalamu wa maendeleo ya jamii na [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business Daily|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd|work=Business Daily|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en}}</ref>ambaye alihudumu kama Kamishna katika Shirika la Uchaguzi la Kenya IEBC hadi 2 Desemba 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IEBC commissioner Justus Nyang'aya resigns amid probe|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001462253/iebc-commissioner-justus-nyangaya-resigns|work=The Standard|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en|author=Betty Njeru}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IEBC Commissioner Justus Nyang'aya resigns|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-02-iebc-commissioner-justus-nyangaya-resigns/|work=The Star|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en-KE}}</ref>Aliongoza kamati ya Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano. Yeye ni mmoja wa makamishna wanne kando na Juliana Cherera, Irene Masit, na Francis Wanderi ambao walikataa<ref>{{Citation|title=Cheo – Matokeo ya Kazi Nzuri|date=2015-11-03|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh8qx64.12|work=Peter DM Bwimbo: Mlinzi Mkuu wa Mwalimu Nyerere|pages=105–114|publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers|access-date=2024-06-08}}</ref>matokeo ya urais katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Kenya wa 2022 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Little Known Details of IEBC Commissioner Justus Nyang'aya Who Disputed Chebukati's Presidential Results|url=https://www.kdrtv.co.ke/politics/little-known-details-of-iebc-commissioner-justice-nyangaya-who-disputed-chebukatis-presidential-results/|work=KDRTV|date=2022-08-17|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en-US|author=Ezra Nyakundi|archive-date=2024-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918151921/https://www.kdrtv.co.ke/politics/little-known-details-of-iebc-commissioner-justice-nyangaya-who-disputed-chebukatis-presidential-results/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.whispersnorth.com/justus-nyangaya-caught-at-the-centre-of-iebc-storm/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-06-08 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017054015/https://www.whispersnorth.com/justus-nyangaya-caught-at-the-centre-of-iebc-storm/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nation - Breaking News, Kenya, Africa, Politics, Business, Sports {{!}} HOME|url=https://nation.africa/kenya|work=Nation|date=2024-06-08|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en}}</ref> yaliyosomwa na Mwenyekiti Wafula Chebukati. == Kazi == Justus Nyang`aya alikuwa Mtaalamu wa Elimu ya Amani na UNESCO-PEER kwa mwaka mmoja hadi mwaka 1988 kabla ya kufanya kazi kama Mshauri wa Elimu ya Wakimbizi katika Windle Charitable Trust kwa miezi 27 kuanzia Machi 1988. Alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Inter Sudanese Consultations on Peace & Justice (ISCOP) kwa mwaka mmoja kuanzia mwaka 2004. Kuanzia katikati ya mwaka 2009 alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Nchi <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Amnesty International Kenya director shot, wounded in Ongata Rongai|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2000100349/amnesty-international-kenya-director-shot-wounded-in-ongata-rongai?articleID=2000100349&pageNo=2&story_title=amnesty-international-kenya-director-shot-wounded-in-ongata-rongai%2F|work=The Standard|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en|author=Cyrus Ombati}}</ref>wa Amnesty International kwa zaidi ya miaka minane na nusu kabla. kuhamia hadi kuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji katika Leadership Education For Africa Development (LEAD Africa) mnamo Januari 2018 ambapo alifanya kazi kwa chini ya miaka minne kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa kamishna katika IEBC mnamo 2 Septemba 2021 kwa muda wote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Four new IEBC commissioners take oath of office|url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/four-new-iebc-commissioners-take-oath-of-office-13098653|work=Citizen Digital|date=2021-09-02|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en-KE|archive-date=2025-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117074528/https://www.citizen.digital/news/four-new-iebc-commissioners-take-oath-of-office-13098653|url-status=dead}}</ref>Alijiuzulu tarehe 2 Desemba 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nation - Breaking News, Kenya, Africa, Politics, Business, Sports {{!}} HOME|url=https://nation.africa/kenya|work=Nation|date=2024-06-08|accessdate=2024-06-08|language=en}}</ref> == Elimu == Justus alipata elimu yake ya upili katika Shule ya Kanunga iliyoko Kiambaa, Kata ya Kiambu. Ana Stashahada ya Uongozi, Utawala, Amani na Mabadiliko ya Migogoro na Uongozi wa Shirika kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], (Jordan) pamoja na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa (Elimu) kutoka Taasisi ya Elimu, [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} dr5atcyvl99jpqzmjdes6h57qv6ibk1 0 185603 1578970 1453292 2026-07-09T16:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Christine de Pisan and Queen Isabeau detail.jpg|thumb|Isabeau wa Bavaria]] '''Isabeau wa Bavaria''' ([[22 Julai]] [[1370]] - [[24 Novemba]] [[1435]]) alikuwa [[malkia]] wa [[Ufaransa]] kama [[mke]] wa [[Mfalme]] Charles VI. Isabeau alikuwa maarufu kwa ushawishi wake mkubwa katika [[siasa]] za Ufaransa wakati wa utawala wa mumewe, ambaye alikumbwa na ugonjwa wa [[akili]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya kipindi kigumu cha [[historia]] ya Ufaransa, na mara nyingi alihusishwa na siasa za kifalme na mikakati ya pekee. <ref name="G52ff">Gibbons (1996), 52–53</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isabella-of-Bavaria</ref>. === Vyanzo === * Adams, Tracy. (2010). ''Maisha na Baada ya Maisha ya Isabeau wa Bavaria''. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8018-9625-5}} * Allen, Prudence. (2006). ''Mfumo wa Mwanamke: Mageuzi ya Mwanadamu ya Mapema, 1250–1500, Sehemu ya 2''. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-8028-3347-1}} * Buettner, Brigitte. (2001). "Zawadi za Mwaka Mpya katika Korti za Valois, karibu 1400". ''The Art Bulletin'', Vol. 83, pp.&nbsp;598–625 * Bellaguet, Louis-François, mhariri. ''Chronique du religieux de Saint-Denys''. Tome I 1839; Tome II 1840; Tome III, 1841 * Cochon, Pierre. ''Chronique Rouennaise'', mhariri Charles de Robillard de Beaurepaire, Rouen 1870 * Famiglietti, R.C. (1992). ''Hadithi za Kitanda cha Ndoa kutoka Ufaransa wa Kati (1300–1500)''. Providence, RI: Picardy Press. {{ISBN|978-0-9633494-2-2}} * Gibbons, Rachel. (1996). "Isabeau wa Bavaria, Malkia wa Ufaransa (1385–1422). Uumbaji wa Mhusika Mbaya wa Kihistoria". ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'', Vol. 6, 51–73 * Green, Karen. (2006). "Isabeau de Bavière na Falsafa ya Kisiasa ya Christine de Pizan". ''Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques'', Vol. 32, 247–272 * Hedeman, Anne D. (1991). [http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8k4008jd;chunk.id=d0e4785;doc.view=print ''Picha ya Kifalme: Michoro ya Grandes Chroniques de France, 1274–1422''] {{Wayback|url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8k4008jd;chunk.id=d0e4785;doc.view=print |date=20160303214001 }}. Berkeley, CA: UC Press E-Books Collection. * Henneman, John Bell. (1996). ''Olivier de Clisson na Jamii ya Kisiasa nchini Ufaransa chini ya Charles V na Charles VI''. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-3353-7}} * Husband, Timothy. (2008). ''Sanaa ya Mwanga: Ndugu Limbourg na Belles Heures za Jean Berry''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-13671-5}} * Huizinga, Johan. (1924, toleo la 2009). ''Kupungua kwa Zama za Kati''. Oxford: Benediction. {{ISBN|978-1-84902-895-0}} * Knecht, Robert. (2007). ''Valois: Wafalme wa Ufaransa 1328–1589''. London: Hambledon Continuum. {{ISBN|978-1-85285-522-2}} * Seward, Desmond. (1978). ''Vita vya Miaka Mia Moja: Waingereza nchini Ufaransa 1337–1453''. New York: Penguin. {{ISBN|978-1-101-17377-0}} * Solterer, Helen. (2007). "Kuunda Majina, Kuangamiza Maisha: Wanawake na Lugha Zinazoweza Kuathiri katika Korti ya Isabeau wa Bavaria na Charles VI". Katika ''Cultural Performances in Medieval France''. mhariri Eglat Doss-Quimby, nk. Cambridge: DS Brewer. {{ISBN|978-1-84384-112-8}} * Tuchman, Barbara. (1978). ''Kioo cha Mbali: Karne ya 14 ya Maafa''. New York: Ballantine. {{ISBN|978-0-345-34957-6}} * Veenstra, Jan R. na Laurens Pignon. (1997). ''Uchawi na Utabiri katika Korti za Burgundy na Ufaransa''. New York: Brill. {{ISBN|978-90-04-10925-4}} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1370]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1435]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] a6dgptd24wolikjwvxfe1zc3tq2hzrw 0 187615 1578965 1355523 2026-07-09T14:49:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-40061-0004, Horst Mann.jpg|thumb|Horst Mann]] '''Horst Mann''' ([[8 Julai]] [[1927]] - [[15 Oktoba]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alishiriki katika mbio za mita 400 za wanaume katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Majira ya joto]] mwaka [[1956]].<ref>https://trauer.svz.de/traueranzeige/horst-mann/54309232|title{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref >https://web.archive.org/web/20200417223740/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ma/horst-mann-1.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2018}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ujerumani]] gwzqfnsqx627b69w8ks0whhsqkalqvs 0 192150 1578985 1516247 2026-07-09T21:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''K. J. Manoj Lal''' (alizaliwa [[16 Mei]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Olimpiki wa [[India]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=K. J. Manojlal KUNNATHUVELI|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/k-j-manojlal-kunnathuveli|access-date=2021-07-20|website=Olympics.com}}</ref> kutoka [[Kerala]]. Alifunzwa na [[Thankachan Mathew]] na kuiwakilisha India kwenye [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Majira ya joto]] ya mwaka [[2000]] huko [[Sydney]]. Alikimbia mita 400 katika sekunde 46.01. <ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Chandran|first=M. R. Praveen|date=2010-05-10|title=Thankachan Mathew finally gets his due|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/Thankachan-Mathew-finally-gets-his-due/article16299636.ece|access-date=2021-07-20|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=K. J. MANOJlal of Kerala|url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=1829241&highlights=MANOJ%20BAJPAYEE|accessdate=2024-11-29|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725001134/https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=1829241&highlights=MANOJ%20BAJPAYEE|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hii ilifanywa vyema baadaye na K. M. Binu wa Kerala ambaye aliifanya kwa sekunde 45.59. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Binu attains Olympic qualification mark; Anju wins gold|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/binu-attains-olympic-qualification-mark-anju-wins-gold/215167|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> K. J. Manoj Lal pia alishinda [[medali]] za [[fedha]] katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Asia ya mwaka 2000 na [[Michezo]] ya [[Asia]] ya mwaka [[2002]] kwa kupokezana kwa mita 4 × 400. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=InterSportStats|url=https://intersportstats.com/athletes/3000038545|access-date=2021-07-20|website=intersportstats.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa India]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] 2pyxfuu1kys4oe7l5uceewafr3tby8u 0 198725 1578982 1441193 2026-07-09T20:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jules banza mwilambwe.jpg|thumb|300px|Mkuu wa wafanyakazi wa jamhuri ya kidemokrasia ya kongo, Jules Banza Mwilambwe (2025)]] Luteni Jenerali “Jules Banza Mwilambwe” ndiye Mkuu mpya wa Majeshi ya Kongo. Alizaliwa [[1971]] na anatoka jimbo la [[Tanganyika]], kusini mwa nchi.,<ref>langue=fr-FR |titre=L'armée congolaise a un nouveau chef d'Etat-major général |url=https://www.dw.com/fr/arm%C3%A9e-cogolaise-remaniement-herarchie/a-71126591 |site=dw.com |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>, <ref>langue=fr |titre=Banza Mwilambwe Jules : Portrait du nouveau Chef d’État-Major Général des FARDC |url=https://b-onetv.cd/banza-mwilambwe-jules-portrait-du-nouveau-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc/ |site=b-onetv.cd |consulté le=2025-01-25</ref>, <ref>langue=fr |titre=RDC : Jules Banza Mwilambwe nommé nouveau chef d'état-major de l'armée |url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/actualites/2312-124548-rdc-jules-banza-mwilambwe-nomme-nouveau-chef-detat-major-de-larmee |site=RFI |date=2022-10-04 |consulté le=2023-03-28</ref>, <ref>langue=fr-FR |nom=africainside.net |titre=République démocratique du Congo : un nouveau chef d’Etat-major général à la tête de l’armée |url= https://africainside.net/21-12-24484-Republique-democratique-du-Congo-un-nouveau-chef-dEtat-major-general-a-la-tete-de-larmee6655843300.html |site=africainside.net |date=2024-12-21 |consulté le=2025-01-25</ref>, anachukua nafasi ya Luteni Jenerali [[Christian Tshiwewe Songesha]], Ndaywel anaondoka DEMIAP wa zamani.<ref>langue=fr-FR |titre=Articles de la catégorie « lieutenant général Jules Banza Mwilambwe » |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/mot-cle/lieutenant-general-jules-banza-mwilambwe |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>, <ref>langue=FR |auteur=digitalcongo org |titre=Félix Tshisekedi nomme le lieutenant général Jules Banza Mwilambwe aux fonctions de Chef d’état-major général des FARDC|url=https://digitalcongo.org/detail11782 |site=digitalcongo.org |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>, yeye ni afisa wa [[Majeshi ya Jeshi la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (FARDC)<ref>titre=RDC : le Lieutenant-Général Banza Mwilambwe Jules investi chef d’état-major général des FARDC |url=https://infos.cd/actualite/securite/rdc-le-lieutenant-general-banza-mwilambwe-jules-investi-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc/54569/ {{Wayback|url=https://infos.cd/actualite/securite/rdc-le-lieutenant-general-banza-mwilambwe-jules-investi-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc/54569/ |date=20250125221943 }} |site=infos.cd |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>, <ref>titre=RDC: le Lieutenant-Général Jules Banza Mwilambwe a été investi chef d’État-major des FARDC |url=https://larepublique.net/rdc-le-lieutenant-general-jules-banza-mwilambwe-a-ete-investi-chef-detat-major-des-fardc/ |site=larepublique.net |consulté le=2023-03-28</ref>. Kuanzia Januari 6, 2025 hadi leo, yeye ndiye Mkuu wa Majeshi ya Wanajeshi<ref>langue=fr |titre=Jules Banza Mwilambwe nommé nouveau chef d'état-major de l'armée |url=https://bankable.africa/fr/tetes-daffiches/2312-639-jules-banza-mwilambwe-nomme-nouveau-chef-detat-major-de-larmee |site=bankable.africa |date=2024-12-23 |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref> wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], cheo alichopewa kamanda wa majeshi ya nchi hii. Kabla ya wadhifa wake wa sasa, alikuwa naibu kamanda wa Walinzi wa Republican ambao "wanahusika na usalama wa Mkuu wa Nchi na mitambo mingine ya kimkakati ya usalama." Jenerali Banza alichukua nafasi ya Luteni Jenerali [[Christian Tshiwewe Songesha]]<ref>langue=fr |titre=Le président congolais limoge des hauts gradés de l'armée lors d'un vaste remaniement |url=https://trtafrika.com/fr/news/jules-banza-mwilambwe {{Wayback|url=https://trtafrika.com/fr/news/jules-banza-mwilambwe |date=20250125221941 }} |site=trtafrika.com|date=2022-10-04 |consulté le=2023-03-28</ref>. == Wasifu == Mzaliwa wa [[1971]], Luteni Jenerali Jules Banza Mwilambwe anatoka jimbo la [[Tanganyika]]. Mtaalamu wa silaha na magari ya kivita, alifuata mfululizo wa mafunzo ya amri na wafanyakazi, pamoja na yale ya Ecole supérieure de guerre huko Yaoundé, nchini Kamerun. Pia alifunzwa katika Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati ya Juu ya Ulinzi, huko Kinshasa<ref name="exacte-info.net">titre=RDC : Portrait du tout nouveau Chef d’État major général des Fardc, le général Jules Banza Mwilambwe. |url=https://exacte-info.net/2024/12/21/rdc-portrait-du-tout-nouveau-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc-le-general-jules-banza-mwilambwe/ |site=exacte-info.net |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>. == safari ya FARDC == Jenerali Jules Banza Mwilambwe aliibuka katika kikosi cha askari 13{{e}} cha [[Walinzi wa Jamhuri|Walinzi wa Jamhuri]] ambapo alifanya mambo makubwa yaliyompandisha cheo<ref name="exacte-info.net" />, <ref name="hapamedia.net">langue=fr-FR |titre=RDC : le lieutenant-général Jules Banza Mwilambwe nommé Chef d’État-Major Général des FARDC |url=https://www.hapamedia.net/blog/2024/12/20/rdc-le-lieutenant-general-jules-banza-mwilambwe-nomme-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.hapamedia.net/blog/2024/12/20/rdc-le-lieutenant-general-jules-banza-mwilambwe-nomme-chef-detat-major-general-des-fardc/ |date=20250125221942 }} |site=hapamedia.ne |date=2024-12-20|consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>. Kwa upande wake alikuwa naibu mkuu wa Nyumba ya Kijeshi ya Mkuu wa Nchi, anayesimamia shughuli na ujasusi, naibu kamanda anayesimamia utawala na usafirishaji. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Luteni jenerali kwa agizo la rais <ref name="hapamedia.net" />. Kwa hiyo ni pamoja na Luteni Jenerali Banza Mwilambwe Jules ambapo Fardc itajipanga upya ili kukomesha uchokozi uliowekewa DRC na Rwanda miaka miwili iliyopita huko Kivu Kaskazini kupitia magaidi wa M23<ref name="hapamedia.net" />. Kabla ya nafasi hiyo, Banza Mwilambwe Jules alishika wadhifa wa Naibu Kamanda anayesimamia utawala na usafirishaji ndani ya Jeshi la Jamhuri, kitengo cha wasomi kinachohusika na usalama wa Mkuu wa Nchi. Uzoefu wake wa kiutendaji na wa vifaa, pamoja na majukumu yake ya kijasusi, ulisaidia sana katika uteuzi wake wa nyadhifa za juu<ref>langue=fr-FR |titre=Qui est Banza Mwilambwe Jules, le nouveau Chef d’État-Major des FARDC?|url=https://www.scoopernews.com/2024/12/19/qui-est-banza-mwilambwe-jules-le-nouveau-chef-d-tat-major-des-fardc/59708147 |site=www.scoopernews.com |date=2024-12-19 |consulté le=2025-01-24</ref>. == Tazama pia == === Makala zinazohusiana === * [[Marcel Mbangu Mashita]] * [[Célestin Mbala]] * [[Didier Etumba Longila|Didier Etumba]] * [[Christian Tshiwewe Songesha]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] fx4nwgkwmma5ibwrpgt319zpxws45vn 0 200354 1578933 1500300 2026-07-09T13:19:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shule ya Juu ya Sayansi ya Kompyuta na Biashara''' (ESMICOM) ni taasisi ya elimu ya juu ya kibinafsi iliyoko [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Ilianzishwa mwaka 2001 na Mr. MABOTI N'SIALA Joseph, Shule hiyo ina lengo la kuwapa wanafunzi mafunzo ya hali ya juu, kuwawezesha kuwa na jukumu muhimu katika maisha ya kitaaluma, kiuchumi na kitamaduni, na pia kuwapa fursa za kujitegemea kijamii. == Historia == Kutokana na maendeleo ya haraka ya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) na kuongezeka kwa mahitaji ya biashara ya wasimamizi na wataalamu wenye ujuzi katika maeneo haya, ESMICOM iliundwa ili kukidhi mahitaji haya. Taasisi hiyo imeidhinishwa na Amri ya Wizara n°mines/cabmin/123/2005 ya tarehe 1 Novemba 2005. == Mafunzo yanayotolewa == ESMICOM inatoa programu za mafunzo zilizo na muundo wa awamu mbili: * Kipindi cha kwanza (Licence - miaka 3): Kipindi hiki kinalenga wahitimu wapya wa digrii ya bachelor, na hutoa mafunzo ya hali ya juu kulingana na mfumo wa LMD (Licence-Master-Doctorate). * Kipindi cha pili (Master - miaka 2): Kipindi hiki maalumu kimeundwa kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wanaotaka kuongeza ujuzi wao baada ya kuhitimu. Mafunzo pia yanajumuisha maandalizi ya vyeti vinavyotambuliwa ulimwenguni kama vile Microsoft, Adobe, Redhat, CCNA, ORACLE, na GNU/Linux. == Sehemu na chaguzi == ESMICOM imepangwa katika sekta kuu mbili, kila moja ikiwa na chaguzi kadhaa: Idara ya Kompyuta: ## Utawala wa Mtandao na Usimamizi wa Hifadhidata ## Akili bandia ## Mitandao na Mbinu za Kudumisha Mawasiliano ya simu na Mitandao ya Kompyuta # Idara ya Biashara na Fedha: ## Uuzaji wa Dijiti na Mawasiliano ya Matangazo ## Usimamizi wa Fedha, Ushuru na Uhasibu wa Kompyuta Programu hizo zinakusudiwa kuwazoeza wataalamu wenye ujuzi katika nyanja mbalimbali ili kukidhi mahitaji ya sasa ya soko la kazi. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Kinshasa]] 4lwylbjfwf8h4g0fppp2agutzgsk76v 0 202228 1578932 1577816 2026-07-09T13:18:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Ofisi ya Kitaifa ya Ajira''' "ONEM" ni shirika la umma linalosimamia na kudhibiti soko la ajira katika nchi kadhaa, hasa Ubelgiji na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Jukumu lake kuu ni kukuza ajira, kufuatilia watu wanaotafuta kazi na kuanzisha sera za kupambana na ukosefu wa ajira. == Historia == ONEM ilianzishwa Oktoba 16, 2002, ili kukabiliana na changamoto zinazoongezeka za soko la ajira. Katika Ubelgiji, chanzo chake ni sera za ulinzi wa kijamii zilizoanzishwa katika karne ya 20 ili kuhakikisha mapato kwa watu wasio na kazi. Nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ONEM ilianzishwa ili kupanga na kupanga mahitaji na utoaji wa ajira katika soko la ajira ili kukabiliana na changamoto za kiuchumi za nchi hiyo. == Majukumu == ONEM hutimiza kazi kadhaa muhimu katika shughuli zake. Majukumu hayo hutofautiana kulingana na nchi ambako ofisi hiyo iko, lakini hutegemea mambo kadhaa ya msingi: === Usimamizi wa misaada ya ukosefu wa ajira === ONEM ina jukumu la kuwapa waombaji wa ajira ambao wanatimiza vigezo vya kustahiki. Pia inachunguza ikiwa wafadhili wanatimiza wajibu wa kisheria na inalinda kampuni dhidi ya ulaghai. === Kuendeleza ajira === Ofisi hiyo ina mipango ya kuimarisha uwezekano wa kupata ajira, hasa kupitia mafunzo, misaada ya kuajiriwa na motisha kwa waajiri wanaowaajiri wafanyakazi walio na matatizo. === Mwongozo na usaidizi kwa wanaotafuta kazi === Huduma za ONEM hutoa msaada wa kibinafsi kwa wanaotafuta kazi ili kuboresha ujuzi wao na uwezekano wao wa kupata kazi. === Ufuatiliaji wa takwimu za soko la ajira === ONEM pia ina jukumu la kukusanya na kuchambua data za soko la ajira. Taarifa hii inaruhusu mamlaka za umma kurekebisha sera zao za ajira. == Shirika na utendaji wake == ONEM inafanya kazi chini ya uangalizi wa wizara ya kazi katika kila nchi ambayo inafanya kazi. Inasimamiwa katika idara na idara maalumu ambazo zinahakikisha utekelezaji wa sera za ajira. === Muundo wa utawala === Kwa kawaida ONEM huundwa na idara kuu pamoja na idara kadhaa zinazohusika na kazi tofauti, kama vile usimamizi wa misaada, ufuatiliaji wa wanaotafuta kazi na udhibiti wa soko la ajira. === Ushirikiano === Ofisi inashirikiana na wadau mbalimbali, ikiwemo makampuni, taasisi za mafunzo na mashirika ya kimataifa ya kazi na ajira. == Changamoto na matarajio == === Changamoto === ONEM inakabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa katika kutekeleza majukumu yake20,21. Miongoni mwao ni: * Mabadiliko katika soko la ajira: digitali na kiotomatiki zinabadilisha sifa za ustadi zinazohitajika na waajiri. * Kupambana na ukosefu wa ajira miongoni mwa vijana: ONEM inapaswa kurekebisha programu zake ili kusaidia vijana wenye elimu ya juu na wale wasio na elimu kupata ajira. * Athari za matatizo ya kiuchumi: mabadiliko ya kiuchumi huathiri uwezo wa ONEM kushughulikia kwa ufanisi mahitaji ya wanaotafuta kazi. === Mtazamo === ONEM inaendelea kubadilika, ikijumuisha mikakati inayofaa hali mpya za soko la ajira. Kuboresha msaada kwa wanaotafuta kazi na kuimarisha sera za ajira ni miongoni mwa vipaumbele vyake vikuu. Ofisi ya Kitaifa ya Ajira ni mshiriki muhimu katika usimamizi wa soko la ajira. Jukumu lake katika kudhibiti ukosefu wa ajira na kukuza ajira hufanya iwe chombo muhimu cha sera za umma za ajira. Ufanisi wake unategemea uwezo wake wa kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya kiuchumi na kiteknolojia, huku akiwahakikishia wataalamu kwamba wanawasaidia wanaotafuta kazi. [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] elbuig0qx5rxefb6b2527m9phxeljak 0 206127 1578934 1528845 2026-07-09T13:24:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Flag of the United States Marine Corps.svg|thumb|Alama ya huduma ya Wanamaji la Marekani Vikosi]] '''Vikosi vya Wanamaji wa Marekani (USMC)''' ni tawi la kijeshi lenye nguvu kubwa katika ardhi na baharini la [[Jeshi la Marekani]]. Ni mojawapo ya huduma nane za majeshi ya [[Marekani]], na ni kitengo cha Jeshi la Wanamaji. Wanamaji wana jukumu la kushiriki katika operesheni za baharini na nchi kavu kwa kutumia nguvu za pamoja—ikiwa ni pamoja na wanajeshi wa miguu, silaha nzito, vikosi vya anga, na operesheni maalum.<ref>https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/1763150/why-are-marines-part-of-the-navy/#:~:text=Historically%2C%20marines%20serve%20as%20a%20navy's%20ground%20troops.&text=However%2C%20the%20Marine%20Corps%20commandant%20at%20the,department%2C%20forever%20linking%20these%20two%20%22sister%20services.%22</ref> == Nembo ya Huduma ya Wanamaji wa Marekani<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-States-Marine-Corps</ref> == [[Faili:Sketch of Tun Tavern in the Revolutionary War.jpg|thumb|Mchoro wa asili wa Tun Tavern]] Vikosi vya Wanamaji wa Marekani vilianzishwa tarehe 10 Novemba 1775, wakati Bunge la Bara lilimwagiza Samuel Nicholas kuunda vikosi viwili vya wanamaji. Siku hiyo hiyo, Nicholas alielekea kwenye Tun Tavern huko Philadelphia, ambapo alimteua mmiliki wa tavern hiyo, Robert Mullan, kuwa mhamasishaji wa kwanza wa wanamaji. Tun Tavern ikawa mahali rasmi pa kuzaliwa kwa Marine Corps, ambapo wanaume walikusanyika kujiunga na safu za kwanza za vikosi hivyo na kupigania uhuru wa Amerika katika Vita vya Mapinduzi. Tukio hili linaendelea kuenziwa kama ishara ya ujasiri, nidhamu, na uzalendo unaoendelezwa hadi leo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.29palms.marines.mil/Articles/Article/499540/tun-tavern-birthplace-of-the-marine-corps/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-04-20 |archive-date=2025-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318073713/https://www.29palms.marines.mil/Articles/Article/499540/tun-tavern-birthplace-of-the-marine-corps/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kufikia Desemba 2024, USMC ilikuwa na takriban wanachama 169,000 wa huduma ya moja kwa moja <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250306033207/https:/dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/downloadZ?fileId=134335&groupName=milRankGrade</ref>, pamoja na wafanyakazi wapatao 33,000 wa akiba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250306033355/https:/dwp.dmdc.osd.mil/dwp/api/downloadZ?fileId=134336&groupName=resRankGrade</ref> == Dhamira == [[Faili:U.S. Marines practice in-house tactics on ship 150731-M-SV584-105.jpg|thumb|Majini wakikamata meli]] USMC ina maeneo matatu ya msingi ya uwajibikaji: * Kukamata au kulinda vituo vya baharini na kushiriki operesheni za nchi kavu ili kusaidia kampeni za jeshi la majini. * Kusanifu mbinu, mikakati, na vifaa vya matumizi ya vikosi vya kutua ardhini kwa uratibu na Jeshi na Jeshi la Anga. * Kutekeleza majukumu mengine yoyote kulingana na maelekezo ya Rais au Idara ya Ulinzi. == Ujumbe wa Kihistoria == [[Faili:Marines rush the beach in Okinawa (SC 117655), National Museum of Health and Medicine (3430044504).jpg|thumb|Wanamaji wakikimbia kwenye ufuo wa Okinawa, Japani]] USMC iliundwa kwa madhumuni ya kupigana na kushinda. Tangu mwanzo wake, wanamaji walishiriki katika mapigano ya karibu, kulinda meli, na kudhibiti maasi. Mnamo 1776, waliongoza uvamizi wa kwanza wa Marekani katika Bahamas, ambapo walichukua ngome za adui kwa nguvu. Kwa kadri vita vilivyobadilika, ndivyo wanamaji walivyobadilika kuwa jeshi la ardhi lenye uwezo wa kushambulia kwa kasi, nguvu, na madhubuti. Katika kila mgogoro mkubwa – kuanzia Vita vya Dunia hadi leo – dhima yao imebaki kuwa: kumshinda adui, kukamilisha misheni, na kutorudi nyuma. == Uwezo == [[Faili:F-35 test pilots Marine Corps Maj. C. R. Clift and Navy Lt. Cmdr. Michael Burks fly BF-2 and BF-4 during a formation flying qualities test.jpg|thumb|Wanamaji wakiruka ndani ya ndege ya F-35]] [[Faili:Mortar Marines 1.jpeg|thumb|Wanamaji wanaotumia kifaa cha bomu]] USMC ni jeshi la kisasa la mapigano lenye kasi na uwezo mkubwa wa kujiendesha katika mazingira tofauti. Lina uwezo wa kuhamasishwa haraka kwenda popote duniani, likiwa na mchanganyiko wa vikosi vya ardhini, anga, na msaada wa vifaa, vyote chini ya amri moja. Kila mwana-USMC hupitia mafunzo ya kuwa mpiga bunduki, bila kujali nafasi yake. Maafisa wote hufunzwa kuongoza vitani. Umuhimu wa kazi ya pamoja na mafunzo ya kiaskari huipa USMC umoja na uwezo wa kubadilika. Jeshi hili hutumia helikopta, meli, na teknolojia ya kisasa kushambulia kutoka baharini hadi nchi kavu. Pia, huwa miongoni mwa vikosi vya kwanza kujibu majanga ya dharura, kwa kuwa vifaa na rasilimali zake viko tayari kote duniani. Dhamira yao ni wazi: songeni haraka, pigani kwa bidii, na kamilisheni misheni. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Jeshi la Marekani]] 79uwzvmspv3quej4nb6xe9fmmltwsfv 4 208508 1578966 1578921 2026-07-09T15:20:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1578966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 650 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 714 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2829 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1350 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 442 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 546 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2321 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 364 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31341 || ↑ +9.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 182.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2829 || ↑ +2.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2321 || ↑ +2049.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1350 || ↑ +20.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 858 || ↑ +136.4% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 714 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +297.7% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 650 || ↑ +2.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 585 || ↓ -19.8% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +25.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 546 || ↓ -26.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} br5vb7rjwz4gml772em3zjg5bo470xe 1578967 1578966 2026-07-09T15:24:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1578967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 650 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 714 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2829 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1350 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 442 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 546 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2321 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 364 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31341 || ↑ +9.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 182.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2829 || ↑ +2.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2321 || ↑ +2049.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1350 || ↑ +20.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 858 || ↑ +136.4% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 714 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +297.7% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 650 || ↑ +2.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 585 || ↓ -19.8% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +25.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 546 || ↓ -26.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} ee2o2fiumco40qszqjayvvdevpt3kpj 1578980 1578967 2026-07-09T19:54:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1578980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 650 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 714 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2829 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1350 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 442 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 546 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2321 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 364 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31341 || ↑ +9.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 182.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2829 || ↑ +2.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2321 || ↑ +2049.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1350 || ↑ +20.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 858 || ↑ +136.4% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 714 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +297.7% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 650 || ↑ +2.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 585 || ↓ -19.8% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +25.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 546 || ↓ -26.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 61rmeaxvp6eqkd9c07b2i33ugq7jcms 1578981 1578980 2026-07-09T19:55:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1578981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 650 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 714 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2829 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1350 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 442 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 546 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 858 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2321 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 364 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31344 || ↑ +9.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 182.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2829 || ↑ +2.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2321 || ↑ +2049.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1350 || ↑ +20.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 858 || ↑ +136.4% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 714 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +297.7% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 650 || ↑ +2.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 585 || ↓ -19.8% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +25.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 546 || ↓ -26.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} qm3eqkyn8zoef3zo85ntwx4drb88f3u 1578991 1578981 2026-07-10T03:43:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1578991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 664 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 762 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2812 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1342 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 981 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2335 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 485 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31344 || ↑ +9.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 182.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2829 || ↑ +2.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2321 || ↑ +2049.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1350 || ↑ +20.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 858 || ↑ +136.4% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 714 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +297.7% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 650 || ↑ +2.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 585 || ↓ -19.8% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +25.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 546 || ↓ -26.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 92fek98xvhluf9c7br609uxa04vxf60 1578993 1578991 2026-07-10T03:54:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1578993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 664 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 762 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2812 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1342 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 981 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 410 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2335 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 485 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 11770 || ↑ +40.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 68.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2335 || ↑ +2042.2% |- | 2 || [[Australia]] || 854 || ↑ +134.0% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 733 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +23.3% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 420 || ↓ -3.0% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 411 || ↓ -19.7% |- | 7 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 375 || ↑ +307.6% |- | 8 || [[Shelisheli]] || 302 || ↑ +100.0% |- | 9 || [[Norwei]] || 300 || ↑ +237.1% |- | 10 || [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] || 294 || ↑ +653.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 9fudkq58n8izffmqllyf0ywa6fdeqsf 1579004 1578993 2026-07-10T09:44:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1579004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 649 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 733 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2812 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1342 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 931 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2335 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 485 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 11770 || ↑ +40.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 68.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2335 || ↑ +2042.2% |- | 2 || [[Australia]] || 854 || ↑ +134.0% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 733 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +23.3% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 420 || ↓ -3.0% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 411 || ↓ -19.7% |- | 7 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 375 || ↑ +307.6% |- | 8 || [[Shelisheli]] || 302 || ↑ +100.0% |- | 9 || [[Norwei]] || 300 || ↑ +237.1% |- | 10 || [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] || 294 || ↑ +653.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 629 || 44.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.9% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 5mfoganef8211ey95cpp414m76kg45c 1579005 1579004 2026-07-10T09:47:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1579005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 649 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 733 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2812 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1342 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 931 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 444 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 854 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 490 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2335 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 405 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 485 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 353 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 302 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 688 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34953 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 31270 || ↑ +7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 181.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2812 || ↑ +1.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2335 || ↑ +2042.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1342 || ↑ +18.7% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 854 || ↑ +134.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 733 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 688 || ↑ +284.4% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 649 || ↑ +0.6% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 619 || ↓ -14.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +23.3% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 524 || ↓ -31.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 608 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.5% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} s9h3vkdm5lokryopdcxqzzv4k4dvi7u 0 212523 1578988 1539773 2026-07-09T22:06:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kanuni ya Kijinsia ya Thuluthi Mbili nchini Kenya''' iliyoainishwa katika Kifungu cha 27 cha [[Katiba ya Kenya]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-08-27|title=The missing third: 15 years of struggling with gender balance|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/gender/the-missing-third-15-years-of-struggling-with-gender-balance-5168576|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Kasera |first=Odhiambo Alphonce |last2=Omondi |first2=Barack Calvince |last3=Wangila |first3=Phanice Fedha |last4=Ghabon |first4=Yasin Kuso |last5=Ojok |first5=Denis Ambrose |date=2025-07-12 |title=Hyper-visible yet voiceless: The gendered architecture of electoral campaigns in Kenya’s rural areas |url=https://quarterlyreview.net/ojs/index.php/aqssr/article/view/149 |journal=African Quarterly Social Science Review |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=16–35 |doi=10.51867/AQSSR.2.3.2 |issn=3006-3493}}</ref> inatoa kipengele cha usawa wa kijinsia katika utawala kwa kuamuru kwamba "si zaidi ya theluthi mbili ya wanachama katika bodi za kuchaguliwa au za uteuzi wanapaswa kuwa wa jinsia sawa". Kanuni hii inalenga kuhakikisha usawa wa kijinsia katika taasisi za umma na uwakilishi wa kisiasa. <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/news/gender/men-s-parliament-or-people-s-parliament-inside-kenya-s-gender-rule-battle-4804720</ref> Katiba inawatambua wanawake, vijana, watu wenye ulemavu, na makabila madogo kama makundi maalum yanayostahili kulindwa kikatiba, huku Ibara ya 81 (b) ikisema kuwa “si zaidi ya theluthi mbili ya wajumbe wa mashirika ya umma waliochaguliwa watakuwa wa jinsia moja”. Kifungu cha 27 kinaenda mbali zaidi kulazimisha serikali kuunda na kupitisha sera na sheria, ikiwa ni pamoja na mipango ya hatua na sera za kukabiliana na ubaguzi wa zamani ambao wanawake wamekabiliana nao. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2023-06-02|title=Achieving Gender Equality in Kenya: ‘A constitution is just a piece of paper if it’s not implemented’ {{!}} Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank|url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/07/achieving-gender-equality-kenya-constitution-just-piece-paper-if-its-not-implemented|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=www.chathamhouse.org|language=en}}</ref> Ni mojawapo ya vifungu vya katiba mpya chini ya [[Bill of rights|Mswada wa Haki za Haki]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chapter Four - The Bill of Rights - Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC)|url=https://www.klrc.go.ke/index.php/constitution-of-kenya/110-chapter-four-the-bill-of-rights|accessdate=2025-08-29|work=www.klrc.go.ke|archive-date=2025-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002195922/https://klrc.go.ke/index.php/constitution-of-kenya/110-chapter-four-the-bill-of-rights|url-status=dead}}</ref> ambayo yamesifiwa miongoni mwa mafanikio makubwa yaliyoletwa na katiba, lakini pia ambayo utekelezaji wake umebakia kuwa ngumu, kwa kiasi kikubwa kutokana na ukosefu wa nia njema ya kisiasa. Licha ya kuwa ni hitaji la kikatiba, imekabiliwa na changamoto, na lengo la kufikia usawa kamili wa kijinsia bado ni ngumu. Licha ya maamuzi mengi ya mahakama na utetezi endelevu wa wanaharakati wa haki za kijinsia, Bunge limeshindwa mara kwa mara kutunga sheria wezeshi, na kuwaacha wanawake wakiwa na uwakilishi mdogo katika nafasi za uongozi na maamuzi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-03-29|title=High Court orders parliament to enact gender parity in 60 days or else|url=https://kenyaforum.net/politics/high-court-orders-parliament-and-ag-to-enact-two-thirds-gender-rule-in-60-days/|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> Rais [[William Ruto]] wakati wa kampeni zake za 2022 aliahidi kwamba serikali yake itawasilisha theluthi mbili ya jinsia ambayo haikueleweka ndani ya mwaka mmoja, ikiwa itachaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa Agosti 2022. Ruto, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa akizungumza wakati wa mdahalo wa urais wa 2022 nchini Kenya, alisema, ndani ya siku 90, atatunga sera ya kusimamia utekelezaji wa sheria ya kijinsia ya thuluthi mbili, ahadi ambayo bado haijatekelezwa miaka mitatu madarakani. <ref>{{Citation|last=Mersie|first=Ayenat|title=Kenya's women leaders look to new president to keep his promises|date=2022-09-14|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenyas-women-leaders-look-new-president-keep-his-promises-2022-09-14/|work=Reuters|language=en|access-date=2025-08-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-07-27|title=Ruto Pledges to Deliver Two-Thirds Gender Rule|url=https://kenyaforum.net/politics/ruto-pledges-to-deliver-two-thirds-gender-rule/|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> == Vita vya Kisheria == Katika uamuzi wa kihistoria uliotolewa mwaka wa 2017, Jaji [[John Mativo]] alishutumu [[Bunge la Taifa la Kenya|Bunge la Kitaifa]] na Seneti kwa kupuuza mamlaka yao ya kikatiba kwa kukosa kutunga sheria ya kuhakikisha usawa wa kijinsia na kuagiza [[Bunge la Kenya]] na [[Mwanasheria Mkuu|Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali]] kutunga sheria ya theluthi mbili ya jinsia ndani ya siku 60. Pia aliamua kwamba “ ''Kushindwa kupitisha Mswada wa Jinsia ya Theluthi Mbili ulikuwa ukiukaji mkubwa wa Katiba'' Miaka ''minane'' baadaye, uamuzi wa Jaji Mativo haujawahi kufanyiwa kazi <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-03-29|title=High Court orders parliament to enact gender parity in 60 days or else|url=https://kenyaforum.net/politics/high-court-orders-parliament-and-ag-to-enact-two-thirds-gender-rule-in-60-days/|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-03|title=Senate to appeal gender rule verdict|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/senate-to-appeal-gender-rule-verdict-384814|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Wabunge wanawake wanatayarisha mswada wa kulinda sheria ya kijinsia ya thuluthi mbili == Katika juhudi za kukwepa vizuizi na hali ya kufadhaika kutokana na kushindwa kutekeleza kanuni ya thuluthi mbili ya jinsia, wabunge wanawake wa Kenya mwaka wa 2015 walichagua kuandaa Mswada wao wenyewe kuhusu kanuni ya thuluthi mbili ya jinsia, ili kukabiliana na Miswada sawa na ambayo imewasilishwa katika Bunge la Kitaifa na kamati ya Haki na Masuala ya Kisheria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Two Thirds Gender Bill to be Thrashed Out|url=https://www.ngeckenya.org/news/8211/two-thirds-gender-bill-to-be-thrashed-out|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=www.ngeckenya.org|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mswada huo ulitaka kupendekeza ongezeko la idadi ya Wawakilishi Wanawake waliochaguliwa hadi wawili kwa kila [[County|kaunti]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=As Kenya election approaches, two-thirds gender rule hangs over parliament - The EastAfrican|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/as-kenya-election-approaches-two-thirds-gender-rule-hangs-over-parliament--1365184|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=www.theeastafrican.co.ke}}</ref> Pia ilipendekeza kwamba vyama vya kisiasa vilazimishwe kuteua idadi maalum ya wanawake kama wagombeaji wa viti vya kuchaguliwa. Hata hivyo, Mswada huu ulishindwa mara tano bungeni kutokana na kukosekana kwa akidi, katika nyumba yenye wanaume wengi. Mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Wabunge Wanawake Kenya (KEWOPA), alipokuwa akitetea Mswada huo, alilaani Mswada mwingine (Katiba ya Kenya (Marekebisho) 2015) ambao ulikuwa umependekeza utekelezaji wa kimaendeleo wa kanuni ya kijinsia ya thuluthi mbili, ukiondoa ratiba ya miaka mitano. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2015-05-08|title=Female parliamentarians draft bill to protect two-thirds gender rule|url=https://kenyaforum.net/politics/female-parliamentarians-draft-bill-to-protect-two-thirds-gender-rule/|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> == NGO inapingana na Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali mahakamani kuhusu kanuni ya theluthi mbili ya jinsia == Mnamo 2015, shirika lisilo la kiserikali nchini Kenya, The Center for Rights Education and [[Ann Njogu|Awareness]] (CREAW), lilishutumu aliyekuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa wakati huo [[Githu Muigai]] kwa kushindwa kutoa mfumo wa kisheria wa utekelezaji wa kanuni ya theluthi mbili ya jinsia kama ilivyoainishwa katika katiba. vitendo ni ukiukaji wa Katiba. NGO nyingine mbili, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA)|Shirikisho la Wanasheria Wanawake (FIDA) Kenya]] na [[Kenya National Human Rights Commission|Tume ya Kitaifa ya Haki za Kibinadamu ya Kenya]], pia walijiunga katika kesi hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hope as parliament agrees to build consensus on Two Thirds Gender rule|url=https://www.ngeckenya.org/news/6089/hope-as-parliament-agrees-to-build-consensus-on-two-thirds-gender-rule|accessdate=2025-08-28|work=www.ngeckenya.org|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mashirika yasiyo ya faida yalitaka maagizo ya kuelekeza AG na Tume ya Utekelezaji wa Katiba (CIC) kuandaa Mswada husika kwa ajili ya kuwasilishwa Bungeni kama ilivyoelezwa katika vifungu 27(8) na 81(8) vya Katiba <ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Ibrahim|first=Yussuf,|title=The International Wildlife Conservation Agreements and Protection of Community Rights: a Case Study Conservation in Isiolo, Kenya|date=2021|publisher=University of Nairobi|url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/160588|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909082428/http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/160588|archive-date=2024-09-09|access-date=2025-08-29|url-status=live}}</ref> . == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Siasa ya Kenya]] apfb86r31enynwbgkfuzvtsnqtzacql 0 213242 1578935 1577475 2026-07-09T13:25:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''VPN (Virtual Private Network)''' au Mtandao Pepe Binafsi ni [[teknolojia]] ya kielektroniki inayoruhusu watumiaji kuunda muunganisho salama na wa binafsi juu ya mtandao wa umma, kama vile [[Intaneti]]. VPN inatumika kulinda faragha, kuhakikisha usalama wa data, na kuzuia upatikanaji usioidhinishwa wa taarifa.<ref>Smith, J. Cybersecurity Essentials. New York: TechPress, 2021.</ref> == Historia na Maendeleo == VPN ziliibuka mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kwa ajili ya kurahisisha mawasiliano ya kampuni kubwa kwa kutumia mtandao wa umma kama mbadala wa mitandao ya ndani ya kampuni. Teknolojia hii imeendelea kuwa na manufaa kwa watumiaji binafsi, ikiwemo kufikia tovuti zilizofungwa kijiografia na kulinda faragha yao.<ref>Johnson, M. Network Security Evolution. London: Routledge, 2019.</ref> == Aina za VPN == Kuna aina kuu mbili za VPN: VPN ya site-to-site na VPN ya mtu binafsi (remote access VPN). VPN ya site-to-site inakuunganisha mitandao miwili ya ofisi au kampuni, wakati VPN ya mtu binafsi inaruhusu mtumiaji kuunganishwa kwenye mtandao kwa mbali, mara nyingi kupitia programu maalumu.<ref>Kumar, R. Private Networks and Security. Delhi: TechWorld Publications, 2020.</ref> == Faida na Matumizi == VPN hutoa usiri wa data, usalama wa mawasiliano, na ufikiaji wa yaliyofungwa kijiografia. Pia, inasaidia katika kulinda taarifa wakati wa kutumia mitandao ya umma, kama vile Wi-Fi ya hoteli au migahawa. <ref>Brown, L. Data Privacy and VPNs. Boston: DigitalSafe, 2022.</ref> == Masharti ya Kiufundi == VPN inategemea encryption, tunneling protocols, na authentication methods. Mifumo maarufu ya encryption ni SSL/TLS na IPSec, ambayo inahakikisha kuwa taarifa zinapita salama na haziwezi kusomwa na wahalifu wa mtandao.<ref>Williams, T. Securing Internet Communications. Oxford: Oxford Press, 2021.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] ii1wrsu6iqqydxasqbxoyrkoma6x0tt 3 220477 1578960 1481154 2026-07-09T13:56:03Z AccountVanishRequests 68776 AccountVanishRequests moved page [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nomz ynne]] to [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Renamed user 944671c9359b377f27ae72d29ec80fff]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Nomz ynne|Nomz ynne]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 944671c9359b377f27ae72d29ec80fff|Renamed user 944671c9359b377f27ae72d29ec80fff]]" 1481154 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 15 Januari 2026 (UTC) f77o39grtn4aa9usau1b2lpzzndika1 3 225846 1578969 1497642 2026-07-09T15:46:35Z ~2026-38840-40 90814 /* Nahitaji kupata taarifa za france mpinga */ mjadala mpya 1578969 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Nahitaji kupata taarifa za france mpinga == nahitaji kupata taarifa za france mpinga [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-38840-40|&#126;2026-38840-40]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-38840-40|talk]]) 15:46, 9 Julai 2026 (UTC) kjrgwh7yi8jomncaxv55gf7b2oy3u75 0 229936 1578968 1508413 2026-07-09T15:35:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifeoma Yvonne Ajunwa''' (alizaliwa Oktoba 26, 1980) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.martindale.com/ithaca/new-york/ifeoma-yvonne-ajunwa-168941488-a/|title=Ifeoma Yvonne Ajunwa Profile {{!}} Ithaca, NY Lawyer {{!}} Martindale.com}}</ref> ni mwandishi kutoka Nigeria mwenye asili ya Marekani, msomi wa sheria wa maadili ya AI, mwanasosholojia, na Profesa wa Sheria wa Asa Griggs Candler katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Emory ambapo pia ni Mkuu Msaidizi na Mkurugenzi Mwanzilishi wa Programu ya AI na Mustakabali wa Kazi. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Emory Law Faculty Profiles|url=https://law.emory.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/ajunwa-profile.html|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=UNC School of Law|language=en-US}}</ref> Alikuwa Mwanachama Mkazi katika Mradi wa Jumuiya ya Habari ya Shule ya Sheria ya Yale (ISP) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa – Yale Law School|url=https://law.yale.edu/ifeoma-ajunwa|accessdate=2022-02-08|work=law.yale.edu}}</ref> na amekuwa Mshirika wa Kitivo katika Kituo cha Berkman Klein katika Shule ya Sheria ya Harvard tangu 2017. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-09-04|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa {{!}} Berkman Klein Center|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/iajunwa|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=cyber.harvard.edu|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia 2021–2022, alikuwa Msomi wa Fulbright nchini Nigeria ambapo alisoma jukumu la sheria kwa makampuni mapya ya teknolojia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ajunwa Selected for Nigeria Fulbright Scholar Award|url=https://law.unc.edu/news/2021/05/ajunwa-nigeria-fulbright-scholar-award/|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=UNC School of Law|language=en-US}}</ref> Hapo awali alikuwa profesa msaidizi wa sheria ya kazi na ajira katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell kuanzia 2017–2020, akipata muda wa kazi huko mwaka wa 2020. <ref name="ilr">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/people/ifeoma-ajunwa|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gXDBC9oAAAAJ|title=Google Scholar – Ifeoma Ajunwa|publisher=Google Scholar|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> Yeye ni Mwanachama Aliyechaguliwa wa Taasisi ya Sheria ya Marekani na Mwanachama Aliyechaguliwa wa Maisha kwa Wakfu wa Wanasheria wa Marekani . Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa ''The Quantified Worker'', iliyochapishwa na Cambridge University Press mwaka wa 2023. == Elimu == Ajunwa ni mhitimu wa Shule ya Sheria ya Yale (LLM) na Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia (M.Phil na Ph.D.). Pia alikamilisha Ushirika katika Kituo cha Berkman Klein cha Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-07-05|title=Berkman Klein Center Announces 2016-2017 Community {{!}} Berkman Klein Center|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/newsroom/2016_2017_community|accessdate=2023-05-03|work=cyber.harvard.edu|language=en}}</ref> kuanzia 2016–2017. Ajunwa alikuwa Msomi wa McNair kama mwanafunzi wa shahada ya kwanza, alipata Ushirika wa Taaluma Zilizochaguliwa za AAUW katika shule ya sheria, na alikuwa Mshiriki wa Paul F. Lazersfeld kama mwanafunzi wa PhD. <ref name="datasociety">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|url=https://datasociety.net/people/ajunwa-ifeoma/|accessdate=2019-04-13|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414005924/https://datasociety.net/people/ajunwa-ifeoma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tasnifu ya PhD ya Ajunwa ilishauriwa na Josh Whitford . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sociology.columbia.edu/content/josh-whitford|title=Josh Whitford|accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1602900|title=Award Abstract #1602900 – Doctoral Dissertation Research: Re-entry organizations and the formally incarcerated|accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref> == Kazi == Ajunwa ni mwandishi, msomi wa sheria, mtafiti wa maadili ya akili bandia, na profesa wa sheria aliyehudumu kwa muda. Ameshikilia nafasi kadhaa fupi katika shule tofauti za sheria na kwa sasa anahudumu kama Profesa wa Sheria wa Asa Griggs Candler katika Shule ya Sheria ya Emory. <ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Emory Law Faculty Profiles|url=https://law.emory.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/ajunwa-profile.html|accessdate=2021-06-24|work=UNC School of Law|language=en-US}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, Ajunwa alikuwa profesa msaidizi katika Shule ya Mahusiano ya Viwanda na Kazi ya Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell <ref name="ilr2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/people/ifeoma-ajunwa|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> na mshiriki msaidizi wa kitivo katika Shule ya Sheria ya Cornell . <ref name="lawschool">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|url=https://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/faculty/bio.cfm?id=864|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> Yeye ni Mshirika wa Kitivo katika Kituo cha Berkman Klein cha Intaneti na Jamii katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-03-24|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa {{!}} Berkman Klein Center|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/iajunwa|accessdate=2020-07-07|work=cyber.harvard.edu|language=en}}</ref> ambapo hapo awali alihudumu kama Mwanachama kuanzia 2016-2017 na kama Mwanachama wa Ualimu katika Shule ya Sheria ya Harvard ,. <ref name="lawschool" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/iajunwa|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> Ajunwa alipewa muda na Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell mnamo Mei 22, 2020. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Cornell University ILR School|url=https://www.facebook.com/ILRSchool/posts/3200246816664479|accessdate=2020-07-07|work=www.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kuondoka Cornell, alifundisha Mikataba kwa muda mfupi katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha North Carolina. Katika muhula wake wa kwanza katika UNC, alikubali nafasi katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Emory, ambayo alianza mwaka wa 2023. Maslahi ya utafiti ya Ajunwa yako kwenye makutano ya sheria na teknolojia huku yakizingatia hasa utawala wa kimaadili wa teknolojia za mahali pa kazi, rangi na teknolojia, akili bandia na Ubaguzi (hasa katika eneo la Afrika), utawala wa makampuni, DEI, usawa wa afya na faragha. Mkazo wake wa utafiti pia uko kwenye utofauti na ushirikishwaji katika soko la ajira na mahali pa kazi. <ref name="lawschool2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa|url=https://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/faculty/bio.cfm?id=864|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha kwanza - '''''The Quantified Worker''''' - kilichapishwa na Cambridge University Press mnamo Mei 2023. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/quantified-worker/CDA274EFF118E3AB6E583424D95DF40D|title=The Quantified Worker|last=Ajunwa|first=Ifeoma|date=2023|publisher=Berkman Klein Center|isbn=978-1-316-88868-1|doi=10.1017/9781316888681|access-date=2019-04-13}}</ref> <ref name="ifeomaajunwa">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://ifeomaajunwa.com|title=Ifeoma Ajunwa, J.D., Ph.D.|accessdate=2019-04-13}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] megxr9kx4gq9k4i77zvbx0brn2am4uu 0 230526 1578977 1515636 2026-07-09T19:14:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Daniel Mansueto''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 3]], [[1956]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Mansueto |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/joe-mansueto/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-26}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi, mmiliki mkuu, na mwenyekiti mtendaji wa ''Morningstar, Inc.'' Kupitia kampuni yake ''Mansueto Ventures'', anamiliki majarida ya kifedha ya ''Inc.'' na ''Fast Company''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Index of US Mainstream Media Ownership {{!}} The Future of Media Project |url=https://futureofmedia.hsites.harvard.edu/index-us-mainstream-media-ownership |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=futureofmedia.hsites.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728015737/https://futureofmedia.hsites.harvard.edu/index-us-mainstream-media-ownership |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-09-29 |title=[FIPP Congress Q&A] How Fast Company and Inc. became more than magazine titles |url=https://www.fipp.com/news/how-fast-company-inc-became-more-magazine/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=FIPP |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0yxh3ibmap3p16htas1bn9wnuu7cjmm 0 232040 1578974 1533668 2026-07-09T18:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean de Dieu Moukagni Iwangou''' (1959 au 1960 – 1 Novemba 2025) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[hakimu]] wa Gabon.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Political_Handbook_of_the_World_2022_202/IpGREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Jean+de+Dieu+Moukagni+Iwangou+Gabonese+People%E2%80%99s+Union&pg=PA618&printsec=frontcover|title=Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023|last=Lansford|first=Tom|last2=Brown|first2=Jorge|date=2023|publisher=CQ Press|isbn=978-1-0718-5307-8|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Iwangou alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1960. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gabon opposition leader refuses post after cabinet reshuffle|url=https://citizen.digital/article/gabon-opposition-leader-refuses-post-after-cabinet-reshuffle-100554|work=Citizen Digital|date=2015-09-13|accessdate=2026-05-06|language=en-KE}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Alikuwa [[Rais]] wa Muungano wa Watu wa Gabon wakati wa [[uchaguzi]] wa mwaka 2016. Iwangou alifariki tarehe 1 Novemba 2025 akiwa na umri wa miaka 65.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Décès du dernier juriste debout : Jean De Dieu Moukagni Iwangou|url=https://www.gabonreview.com/deces-du-dernier-juriste-debout-jean-de-dieu-moukagni-iwangou/|work=Gabonreview.com {{!}} Actualité du Gabon {{!}}|date=2025-11-01|accessdate=2026-05-06|language=fr-FR|author=Tokyo Yabangoye}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Gabon]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] lnc4ew3cbkm4vu34w9jm79rihbi48zq 0 235108 1578955 1543141 2026-07-09T13:45:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1578955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed bin Issa Al Jaber''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="aljaber">{{cite web |title=Al Jaber et JJW Hotels, l'incroyable feuilleton judiciaire d'un cheikh |url=https://hospitality-on.com/fr/hotellerie/al-jaber-et-jjw-hotels-lincroyable-feuilleton-judiciaire-dun-cheikh-avec-provision-mais |website=Hospitality ON |date=2026-04-01 |access-date=2026-05-14}}</ref> Utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa zaidi ya dola bilioni 7, kupitia kampuni yake ya MBI, ambayo inamiliki ''JJW Hotels & Resorts''. Alianzisha JJW Hotels & Resorts mwaka [[1989]] nchini [[Ureno]]. Mwaka [[2007]], Al Jaber alipanua JJW kwa kupata The Eton Collection kwa takriban [[pauni]] milioni 70.<ref>{{cite book|author=Your name here |title=Major Players in the Muslim Business World: Elnur Salihovic: 9781627340526: Amazon.com: Books |date= 5 October 2015|publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1627340526 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MBI International & Partners|url=http://www.mbiinternational.com/|website=www.mbiinternational.com|access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Companies in the UK|url=http://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/ltd/mbi-partners-uk%20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005336/https://www.companiesintheuk.co.uk/ltd/mbi-partners-uk%20|archive-date=5 March 2016|publisher=|access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] py5bz13aheq4gzjeutyuejerkbif4zx 0 235954 1578979 1544835 2026-07-09T19:45:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Reece''' (alizaliwa [[Machi]] [[1957]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Uingereza]], mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kemikali [[Ineos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economia.icaew.com/news/september-2014/accountancy-rich-list-10-1|title=Accountancy Rich List: 10-1|publisher=|accessdate=1 July 2018|archive-date=2018-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701194358/https://economia.icaew.com/news/september-2014/accountancy-rich-list-10-1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: John Reece|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/john-reece/|website=Forbes|accessdate=17 February 2019}}</ref><ref>'Cambridge University Tripos Results', ''Times'', 23 June 1978, p. 6.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k1kl4rbdz1s6ww2e1foppy5m87bpl3o 0 236246 1578972 1545616 2026-07-09T17:23:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James S. Langer''' ni profesa wa [[fizikia]] wa [[Marekani]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Santa Barbara. Anajulikana kwa kazi yake katika fizikia ya kinadharia ya hali dhabiti, mienendo ya mpito wa awamu, na nadharia ya mifumo isiyo na usawa.<ref name="langerhomepage">{{Rejea tovuti | url=http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~langer/ | title=Professor James S. Langer, Biosketch | access-date=2010-10-15 | archive-date=2011-07-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725093723/http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~langer/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="aps99">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.apscenttalks.org/chair.cfm?sessID=33 |access-date=2010-10-15 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052043/http://apscenttalks.org/chair.cfm?sessid=33 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 27l159fhrcsrpsuhwqzm5catpd8s0lf 0 237947 1578931 1549077 2026-07-09T13:17:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assistant Secretary-General of UN Women Lakshmi Puri meeting Union Minister for Minority Affairs Dr. Najma A. Heptulla.jpg|thumb|Msaidizi wa Katibu Mkuu wa umoja wa Mataifa upande wa wanawake Lakshmi Puri akiwa na Dr. Najma A. Heptulla]] '''Mtoaripoti wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Masuala ya Makundi ya Wachache''' ni mtaalamu huru anayeteuliwa na baraza la haki za binadamu la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ili kufuatilia, kuchunguza, kutoa ushauri, na kuripoti kuhusu haki za makundi ya wachache duniani, ikiwa ni pamoja na wachache wa kikabila, kidini, kilugha au kitaifa. Nafasi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 2005 <ref>Schaffung und Mandat" (Word). E/Cn.4/Res/2005/79. UN-Menschenrechtskommission. 2005-04-21. Retrieved 2019-04-08.</ref> ili kusaidia kulinda haki za makundi haya dhidi ya ubaguzi, ubaguzi wa rangi, kutengwa, na ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Umoja wa Mataifa]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania]] js21g6i7gcee9chvwuu1z6z1w6502me 0 238153 1578971 1549429 2026-07-09T16:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Edward Bowsher''' (2 Oktoba 1930 – 8 Aprili 2006) alikuwa dereva wa magari ya mashindano na mmiliki wa timu ya mbio za magari kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 58 ya kazi yake ya mashindano, alipata zaidi ya ubingwa kumi wa kitaifa, zikiwemo ubingwa watatu wa ARCA Racing Series. Pia alikuwa baba wa bingwa mara mbili wa ARCA, Bobby Bowsher.<ref name="Owner Info">{{cite web |url=[http://www.toddbowsher.com/ownerinfo.htm](http://www.toddbowsher.com/ownerinfo.htm) |title=Owner Info |publisher=Toddbowsher.com |date=1930-10-02 |accessdate=4 Julai 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jack Edward Bowsher alizaliwa tarehe 2 Oktoba 1930 huko Harmony, Ohio. Alimaliza shule ya sekondari ya Plattsburg mwaka 1948, na mwaka 1949 alihudumu kwa mwaka mmoja katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani (U.S. Navy).<ref name="paddocktalk1">{{cite web |author=PaddockTalk |url=[http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=30769](http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=30769) |title=Jack Bowsher Dies |publisher=PaddockTalk |accessdate=4 Julai 2010 |archive-date=19 Julai 2011 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719225655/http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=30769](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719225655/http://paddocktalk.com/news/html/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=30769) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] nt28gqopbj5d8o4rc2kbwypjbkqocaw 0 240031 1578976 1575725 2026-07-09T19:04:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1578976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alessandra Joan Thiele'''<ref name="Aimi-2025">{{cite web |last=Aimi |first=Gianmarco |title=Joan Thiele: l'outsider |url=[https://www.rollingstone.it/musica/interviste-musica/joan-thiele-loutsider/963209/](https://www.rollingstone.it/musica/interviste-musica/joan-thiele-loutsider/963209/) |website=[[Rolling Stone Italia]] |access-date=6 February 2025 |language=it |date=6 February 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Venezia-2025">{{cite web |last=Venezia |first=Annalia |title=Joan Thiele a Sanremo: «Non sono pronta alla super esposizione, spero di imparare la leggerezza» |url=[https://www.editorialedomani.it/idee/cultura/sanremo-2025-joan-thiele-intervista-eco-leggerezza-ssg2tzso](https://www.editorialedomani.it/idee/cultura/sanremo-2025-joan-thiele-intervista-eco-leggerezza-ssg2tzso) |website=[[Domani (gazeti)|Domani]] |access-date=27 February 2026 |language=it |date=9 February 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (amezaliwa 21 Septemba 1991)<ref name="Laffranchi-2025">{{cite web |last=Laffranchi |first=Andrea |title=Joan Thiele: «Ho fatto fatica con il mio corpo e i giudizi degli altri. La canzone di Sanremo? Per mio fratello, e per tutti, contro la paura» |url=[https://www.corriere.it/sette/25_agosto_21/joan-thiele-intervista-ff9e7e36-451d-469d-86d0-bc92ceb25xlk.shtml](https://www.corriere.it/sette/25_agosto_21/joan-thiele-intervista-ff9e7e36-451d-469d-86d0-bc92ceb25xlk.shtml) |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |access-date=23 February 2026 |language=it |date=21 August 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka [[Italia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Italia]] lw86plteyzjc5ryjbyanbw3komd7a7a 0 240407 1578992 1577778 2026-07-10T03:53:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1578992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake | name = Ziwa Kariba | image = | caption = Mwonekano wa Ziwa Kariba | location = [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]] | lake_type = Ziwa bandia | inflow = [[Mto Zambezi]] | outflow = [[Mto Zambezi]] | basin_countries = Zambia na Zimbabwe | length = km 223 | width = km 40 | area = km2 5580 | volume = km3 180 | max-depth = m 97 | elevation = m 479 | islands = Chete, Chikanka, Sekula na vingine }} '''Ziwa Kariba''' ni ziwa bandia lililopo katika [[Mto Zambezi]] mpakani mwa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Ni mojawapo ya maziwa makubwa zaidi ya bandia duniani kwa ujazo wa maji na eneo la uso wake. Ziwa hilo liliundwa kufuatia ujenzi wa [[Bwawa la Kariba]], ambalo lilikamilishwa mwaka 1959 kwa lengo la kuzalisha umeme wa maji kwa nchi hizo mbili. Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali muhimu kwa uzalishaji wa umeme, uvuvi, utalii, uhifadhi wa mazingira na usafiri wa majini katika kusini mwa Afrika. Aidha, limekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya Zambia na Zimbabwe tangu kuanzishwa kwake. == Jiografia == Ziwa Kariba lina urefu wa takribani kilomita 223 na upana unaofikia kilomita 40 katika sehemu zake pana zaidi. Lina eneo la uso la kilomita za mraba 5,580 na uwezo wa kuhifadhi takribani kilomita za ujazo 180 za maji. Lipo katika Bonde la [[mto Zambezi]] na limezungukwa na [[Mlima|milima]], mabonde na maeneo ya savana yanayopatikana katika nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Kiwango chake cha maji hutegemea mvua zinazonyesha katika maeneo ya juu ya bonde la Mto Zambezi. Visiwa kadhaa vinapatikana ndani ya ziwa hilo, vikiwemo: * Kisiwa cha Chete * Kisiwa cha Chikanka * Kisiwa cha Sekula Visiwa hivyo ni makazi ya wanyamapori na maeneo muhimu kwa uhifadhi wa mazingira. == Historia == Mpango wa kujenga Bwawa la Kariba ulianzishwa katika miaka ya 1950 wakati wa utawala wa Shirikisho la [[Rhodesia]] na [[Nyasaland]]. Ujenzi ulianza mwaka 1955 na kukamilika mwaka 1959. Kufungwa kwa bwawa kulisababisha maji ya mto Zambezi kujikusanya na kuunda Ziwa Kariba. Mchakato wa kujaza ziwa uliendelea kwa miaka kadhaa hadi kufikia kiwango chake kikubwa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Ujenzi wa bwawa na kuundwa kwa ziwa uliathiri maelfu ya wakazi wa jamii ya Watonga waliokuwa wanaishi katika Bonde la Zambezi. Takribani watu 57,000 walihamishwa kutoka maeneo yaliyofunikwa na maji kwenda maeneo mengine ya Zambia na Zimbabwe. == Operesheni Noah == Kuundwa kwa ziwa kulitishia maisha ya maelfu ya wanyama waliokuwa wamekwama katika maeneo yaliyofurika. Ili kuokoa wanyama hao, operesheni maalumu iliyoitwa ''Operesheni Noah'' ilianzishwa. Katika operesheni hiyo, maafisa wa [[wanyamapori]] waliwaokoa maelfu ya wanyama wakiwemo: * [[Tembo]] * [[Simba]] * [[Swala]] * [[Nyani]] * [[Ngiri]] * [[Chui]] Operesheni Noah imebaki kuwa mojawapo ya juhudi kubwa zaidi za uokoaji wa wanyamapori kuwahi kufanyika duniani. == Ikolojia == [[Faili:KaribaDam.jpg|thumb|Ziwa Kariba]] Ziwa Kariba lina mfumo mkubwa wa ikolojia unaounga mkono aina nyingi za viumbe hai. === [[Samaki]] === Zaidi ya aina 40 za samaki zinapatikana katika ziwa hilo. Miongoni mwa samaki wanaovuliwa kwa wingi ni: * [[Dagaa|Kapenta]] (''Limnothrissa miodon'') * Tigerfish (''Hydrocynus vittatus'') * Bream Samaki aina ya kapenta waliletwa kutoka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] katika miaka ya 1960 na baadaye wakawa msingi wa sekta ya uvuvi wa kibiashara katika Ziwa Kariba. === Wanyamapori === Maeneo yanayozunguka ziwa hilo yana utajiri mkubwa wa wanyamapori. Wanyama wanaopatikana kwa wingi ni pamoja na: * [[Ndovu|Tembo]] wa Afrika * [[Nyati wa Afrika|Nyati]] * [[Viboko]] * [[Mamba (mnyama)|Mamba]] wa Nile * [[Simba]] * [[Chui]] * [[Fisi]] Pia kuna mamia ya aina za ndege wa majini na ndege wahamiaji wanaotegemea mazingira ya ziwa hilo. == [[Uchumi]] == === Uzalishaji wa [[umeme]] === Umuhimu mkubwa wa Ziwa Kariba unatokana na uzalishaji wa umeme wa maji kupitia vituo vya nguvu vilivyopo katika Bwawa la Kariba. Kituo cha upande wa [[Zambia]] na kile cha upande wa [[Zimbabwe]] huzalisha sehemu kubwa ya umeme unaotumika katika nchi hizo mbili. === [[Uvuvi]] === Uvuvi ni shughuli muhimu ya kiuchumi katika Ziwa Kariba. Sekta ya kapenta pekee huajiri maelfu ya watu katika shughuli za: * Uvuvi * Usafirishaji * Uchakataji wa samaki * Biashara ya samaki === [[Utalii]] === Ziwa Kariba ni mojawapo ya maeneo maarufu ya utalii katika kusini mwa Afrika. Vivutio vya utalii ni pamoja na: * [[Safari]] za mashua * Uvuvi wa michezo * Kuangalia wanyamapori * Kupiga picha za mazingira * Ziara za Bwawa la Kariba Miji ya Kariba nchini Zimbabwe na Siavonga nchini Zambia ni vituo muhimu vya utalii katika eneo hilo. == Changamoto za mazingira == Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Ziwa Kariba limekabiliwa na changamoto mbalimbali za mazingira, ikiwemo: * Mabadiliko ya tabianchi * Kupungua kwa kiwango cha maji * Uvuvi kupita kiasi katika baadhi ya maeneo * [[Uchafuzi wa mazingira]] * Kuenea kwa mimea vamizi ya majini Mabadiliko ya kiwango cha maji yanaweza kuathiri uzalishaji wa umeme na shughuli za kiuchumi zinazotegemea ziwa hilo. == Umuhimu wa kikanda == Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali ya kimkakati kwa nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Mbali na uzalishaji wa umeme, ziwa hilo linachangia usalama wa chakula, ajira, biashara na maendeleo ya jamii zinazolizunguka. Kwa sababu hiyo, usimamizi endelevu wa ziwa hilo ni muhimu kwa maendeleo ya muda mrefu ya nchi hizo mbili. == Tazama pia == * [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * https://whc.unesco.org/ * https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ |date=20130422133529 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Mto Zambezi]] [[Jamii:AWC2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] fbwz5xxkvm47i4z9rtoludmyp3a9qgj 1578994 1578992 2026-07-10T03:58:13Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka picha kwenye infobox 1578994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake | name = Ziwa Kariba | image =Lake Kariba.jpg | caption = Mwonekano wa Ziwa Kariba | location = [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]] | lake_type = Ziwa bandia | inflow = [[Mto Zambezi]] | outflow = [[Mto Zambezi]] | basin_countries = Zambia na Zimbabwe | length = km 223 | width = km 40 | area = km2 5580 | volume = km3 180 | max-depth = m 97 | elevation = m 479 | islands = Chete, Chikanka, Sekula na vingine }} '''Ziwa Kariba''' ni ziwa bandia lililopo katika [[Mto Zambezi]] mpakani mwa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Ni mojawapo ya maziwa makubwa zaidi ya bandia duniani kwa ujazo wa maji na eneo la uso wake. Ziwa hilo liliundwa kufuatia ujenzi wa [[Bwawa la Kariba]], ambalo lilikamilishwa mwaka 1959 kwa lengo la kuzalisha umeme wa maji kwa nchi hizo mbili. Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali muhimu kwa uzalishaji wa umeme, uvuvi, utalii, uhifadhi wa mazingira na usafiri wa majini katika kusini mwa Afrika. Aidha, limekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya Zambia na Zimbabwe tangu kuanzishwa kwake. == Jiografia == Ziwa Kariba lina urefu wa takribani kilomita 223 na upana unaofikia kilomita 40 katika sehemu zake pana zaidi. Lina eneo la uso la kilomita za mraba 5,580 na uwezo wa kuhifadhi takribani kilomita za ujazo 180 za maji. Lipo katika Bonde la [[mto Zambezi]] na limezungukwa na [[Mlima|milima]], mabonde na maeneo ya savana yanayopatikana katika nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Kiwango chake cha maji hutegemea mvua zinazonyesha katika maeneo ya juu ya bonde la Mto Zambezi. Visiwa kadhaa vinapatikana ndani ya ziwa hilo, vikiwemo: * Kisiwa cha Chete * Kisiwa cha Chikanka * Kisiwa cha Sekula Visiwa hivyo ni makazi ya wanyamapori na maeneo muhimu kwa uhifadhi wa mazingira. == Historia == Mpango wa kujenga Bwawa la Kariba ulianzishwa katika miaka ya 1950 wakati wa utawala wa Shirikisho la [[Rhodesia]] na [[Nyasaland]]. Ujenzi ulianza mwaka 1955 na kukamilika mwaka 1959. Kufungwa kwa bwawa kulisababisha maji ya mto Zambezi kujikusanya na kuunda Ziwa Kariba. Mchakato wa kujaza ziwa uliendelea kwa miaka kadhaa hadi kufikia kiwango chake kikubwa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Ujenzi wa bwawa na kuundwa kwa ziwa uliathiri maelfu ya wakazi wa jamii ya Watonga waliokuwa wanaishi katika Bonde la Zambezi. Takribani watu 57,000 walihamishwa kutoka maeneo yaliyofunikwa na maji kwenda maeneo mengine ya Zambia na Zimbabwe. == Operesheni Noah == Kuundwa kwa ziwa kulitishia maisha ya maelfu ya wanyama waliokuwa wamekwama katika maeneo yaliyofurika. Ili kuokoa wanyama hao, operesheni maalumu iliyoitwa ''Operesheni Noah'' ilianzishwa. Katika operesheni hiyo, maafisa wa [[wanyamapori]] waliwaokoa maelfu ya wanyama wakiwemo: * [[Tembo]] * [[Simba]] * [[Swala]] * [[Nyani]] * [[Ngiri]] * [[Chui]] Operesheni Noah imebaki kuwa mojawapo ya juhudi kubwa zaidi za uokoaji wa wanyamapori kuwahi kufanyika duniani. == Ikolojia == [[Faili:KaribaDam.jpg|thumb|Ziwa Kariba]] Ziwa Kariba lina mfumo mkubwa wa ikolojia unaounga mkono aina nyingi za viumbe hai. === [[Samaki]] === Zaidi ya aina 40 za samaki zinapatikana katika ziwa hilo. Miongoni mwa samaki wanaovuliwa kwa wingi ni: * [[Dagaa|Kapenta]] (''Limnothrissa miodon'') * Tigerfish (''Hydrocynus vittatus'') * Bream Samaki aina ya kapenta waliletwa kutoka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] katika miaka ya 1960 na baadaye wakawa msingi wa sekta ya uvuvi wa kibiashara katika Ziwa Kariba. === Wanyamapori === Maeneo yanayozunguka ziwa hilo yana utajiri mkubwa wa wanyamapori. Wanyama wanaopatikana kwa wingi ni pamoja na: * [[Ndovu|Tembo]] wa Afrika * [[Nyati wa Afrika|Nyati]] * [[Viboko]] * [[Mamba (mnyama)|Mamba]] wa Nile * [[Simba]] * [[Chui]] * [[Fisi]] Pia kuna mamia ya aina za ndege wa majini na ndege wahamiaji wanaotegemea mazingira ya ziwa hilo. == [[Uchumi]] == === Uzalishaji wa [[umeme]] === Umuhimu mkubwa wa Ziwa Kariba unatokana na uzalishaji wa umeme wa maji kupitia vituo vya nguvu vilivyopo katika Bwawa la Kariba. Kituo cha upande wa [[Zambia]] na kile cha upande wa [[Zimbabwe]] huzalisha sehemu kubwa ya umeme unaotumika katika nchi hizo mbili. === [[Uvuvi]] === Uvuvi ni shughuli muhimu ya kiuchumi katika Ziwa Kariba. Sekta ya kapenta pekee huajiri maelfu ya watu katika shughuli za: * Uvuvi * Usafirishaji * Uchakataji wa samaki * Biashara ya samaki === [[Utalii]] === Ziwa Kariba ni mojawapo ya maeneo maarufu ya utalii katika kusini mwa Afrika. Vivutio vya utalii ni pamoja na: * [[Safari]] za mashua * Uvuvi wa michezo * Kuangalia wanyamapori * Kupiga picha za mazingira * Ziara za Bwawa la Kariba Miji ya Kariba nchini Zimbabwe na Siavonga nchini Zambia ni vituo muhimu vya utalii katika eneo hilo. == Changamoto za mazingira == Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Ziwa Kariba limekabiliwa na changamoto mbalimbali za mazingira, ikiwemo: * Mabadiliko ya tabianchi * Kupungua kwa kiwango cha maji * Uvuvi kupita kiasi katika baadhi ya maeneo * [[Uchafuzi wa mazingira]] * Kuenea kwa mimea vamizi ya majini Mabadiliko ya kiwango cha maji yanaweza kuathiri uzalishaji wa umeme na shughuli za kiuchumi zinazotegemea ziwa hilo. == Umuhimu wa kikanda == Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali ya kimkakati kwa nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Mbali na uzalishaji wa umeme, ziwa hilo linachangia usalama wa chakula, ajira, biashara na maendeleo ya jamii zinazolizunguka. Kwa sababu hiyo, usimamizi endelevu wa ziwa hilo ni muhimu kwa maendeleo ya muda mrefu ya nchi hizo mbili. == Tazama pia == * [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * https://whc.unesco.org/ * https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ |date=20130422133529 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Mto Zambezi]] [[Jamii:AWC2026]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] q4atof7j48w3w484fwcmmnocl5io96h 14 241962 1578936 2026-07-09T13:36:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Israeli|C]]' 1578936 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Israeli|C]] mb566igr1rqf34xame7phgmmdfqp7jf 14 241963 1578937 2026-07-09T13:36:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachoraji nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Israeli|C]]' 1578937 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachoraji nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Israeli|C]] mncrzzs0wd1j2cjy6rwx0xh80qeli42 14 241964 1578938 2026-07-09T13:37:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Slovakia|C]]' 1578938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Slovakia|C]] sqn11zp1ljntmrooi3tx8dil2yrl649 14 241965 1578939 2026-07-09T13:37:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ucheki|C]]' 1578939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ucheki|C]] 2tq2w46tz44gb0mjoc8lqkaaeiexu4g 14 241966 1578940 2026-07-09T13:38:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Benin|C]]' 1578940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Benin|C]] keowm5o5kg9lh25215sea4evwak1ron 14 241967 1578941 2026-07-09T13:39:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Botswana|C]]' 1578941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Botswana|C]] r4d0q1uuygzs7vnp50wyx08s7oz7scj 14 241968 1578942 2026-07-09T13:39:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|G]] [[Jamii:watu wa Georgia|C]]' 1578942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|G]] [[Jamii:watu wa Georgia|C]] mjqsgu9q544ht3dbxiqafarmajwwqzb 14 241969 1578943 2026-07-09T13:39:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Masedonia Kaskazini|C]]' 1578943 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Masedonia Kaskazini|C]] 3g69q04zk4sr6j5mtu9l0ofjjq19110 14 241970 1578944 2026-07-09T13:40:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moldova|C]]' 1578944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moldova|C]] kltna14ix3936zesnljrw5dgtawrsi1 14 241971 1578945 2026-07-09T13:40:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Montenegro|C]]' 1578945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Montenegro|C]] 7nmdwbi1l7mfnmc96gdkge3n8hc1pg7 14 241972 1578946 2026-07-09T13:41:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|P]] [[Jamii:watu wa Palestina|C]]' 1578946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|P]] [[Jamii:watu wa Palestina|C]] n8g4qvlr0yz4e79spdh8q2sdxvqrs3f 14 241973 1578947 2026-07-09T13:42:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|R]] [[Jamii:watu wa Romania|C]]' 1578947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|R]] [[Jamii:watu wa Romania|C]] 5itj3fmbbu1ynfhf77ttn6k5zwmr05q 14 241974 1578948 2026-07-09T13:42:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Somalia|C]]' 1578948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Somalia|C]] mhp2fmarl2o68ijb33pu9t5j8l1ybyh 14 241975 1578949 2026-07-09T13:42:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Suriname|C]]' 1578949 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Suriname|C]] jgroado6mypf1brzajqkz2kegcmr8n8 1578950 1578949 2026-07-09T13:43:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Surinam|C]] 79qaefhb622mwoeev0hu1exil3uuabv 14 241976 1578951 2026-07-09T13:43:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|T]] [[Jamii:watu wa Turkmenistan|C]]' 1578951 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|T]] [[Jamii:watu wa Turkmenistan|C]] rahl5ka3aff0rexxkpe7pvmapbd0lpk 14 241977 1578952 2026-07-09T13:44:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uajemi|C]]' 1578952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uajemi|C]] ntk2oan4ehd09x6imzpgk0b799i3m4s 14 241978 1578953 2026-07-09T13:44:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ufilipino|C]]' 1578953 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ufilipino|C]] 8s3l67sfqgqm7kryucn1haaaexkl2tj 14 241979 1578954 2026-07-09T13:44:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|Y]] [[Jamii:watu wa Yordani|C]]' 1578954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|Y]] [[Jamii:watu wa Yordani|C]] b3qs5grw4266gwjk4ozhgyqb2mntoyz 0 241980 1578956 2026-07-09T13:48:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Ndugu]] 1578956 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[ndugu]] qg8efj1wfeej5pybg775g0u33d2hx5x 0 241981 1578957 2026-07-09T13:49:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Adili]] 1578957 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[adili]] kb7a5qgosnuwcrctmunc1jx7u7wdx2g 0 241982 1578958 2026-07-09T13:49:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Taifa la Mungu]] 1578958 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[taifa la Mungu]] 42emlpnh4bq3m8ss7vgkh0d3z7453n0 0 241983 1578959 2026-07-09T13:51:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Ndoa ya mseto]] 1578959 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[ndoa ya mseto]] 0k2vroe50e6zyp7aquw1pqt8lfmbqxh 0 241984 1578961 2026-07-09T14:00:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ndoa ya mseto''' (pia: '''ndoa ya mchanganyiko''') ni [[ndoa]] inayofungwa na watu wa [[dini]] au [[madhehebu]] tofauti. Kwa sababu ya tofauti zilizopo kati yao upande wa [[imani]] na [[maadili]], mara nyingine zinakatazwa na [[sheria]] za dini husika au zinahitaji idhini ya pekee kutoka kwa [[Kiongozi|viongozi]]. Maarufu ni katazo la ndoa hizo lililotolewa na [[Musa]] kwa [[Israeli|Waisraeli]] katika [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]] (hivyo limo katika Agano...' 1578961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndoa ya mseto''' (pia: '''ndoa ya mchanganyiko''') ni [[ndoa]] inayofungwa na watu wa [[dini]] au [[madhehebu]] tofauti. Kwa sababu ya tofauti zilizopo kati yao upande wa [[imani]] na [[maadili]], mara nyingine zinakatazwa na [[sheria]] za dini husika au zinahitaji idhini ya pekee kutoka kwa [[Kiongozi|viongozi]]. Maarufu ni katazo la ndoa hizo lililotolewa na [[Musa]] kwa [[Israeli|Waisraeli]] katika [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]] (hivyo limo katika [[Agano la Kale]] la [[Biblia ya Kikristo]]). Lengo lake lilikuwa [[taifa la Mungu]] lisipotoshwe na [[ushirikina]] na [[ibada]] ya [[miungu]] vilivyofuatwa na [[Kabila|makabila]] ya jirani. ==Tazama pia== * [[Ndoa (sakramenti)]] * [[Ndoa katika Uislamu]] {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:dini]] [[Jamii:Uyahudi]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] c87a6rdzv54iznf0tq803qcs2pafyv8 1578962 1578961 2026-07-09T14:13:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1578962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndoa ya mseto''' (pia: '''ndoa ya mchanganyiko''') ni [[ndoa]] inayofungwa na watu wa [[dini]] au [[madhehebu]] tofauti. Kwa sababu ya tofauti zilizopo kati yao upande wa [[imani]] na [[maadili]], mara nyingine zinakatazwa na [[sheria]] za dini husika au zinahitaji idhini ya pekee kutoka kwa [[Kiongozi|viongozi]]<ref name="Burke1999">{{cite book|last=Burke|first=John|title=Catholic Marriage|publisher=Paulines Publications Africa|year=1999|isbn=9789966081063|page=98|quote=We might remind ourselves here that a marriage between a Catholic and a baptized person that takes place in the Catholic Church, or in another Church with permission from the diocesan bishop, is a sacramental union. Such a marriage is a life-long union and no power on earth can dissolve it.}}</ref> , ingawa mojawapo kati ya [[haki za binadamu]] ni ile ya kuoana na yeyote yule <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml#a16|title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>. Maarufu ni katazo la ndoa hizo lililotolewa na [[Musa]] kwa [[Israeli|Waisraeli]] katika [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]] (hivyo limo katika [[Agano la Kale]] la [[Biblia ya Kikristo]]). Lengo lake lilikuwa [[taifa la Mungu]] lisipotoshwe na [[ushirikina]] na [[ibada]] ya [[miungu]] vilivyofuatwa na [[Kabila|makabila]] ya jirani. ==Tazama pia== * [[Ndoa (sakramenti)]] * [[Ndoa katika Uislamu]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Brym, R., & Lenton, R. (2021). [[doi:10.25071/1916-0925.40184|"Jewish Religious Intermarriage in Canada."]] ''Canadian Jewish Studies Études Juives Canadiennes'', 30, 67–82. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40184</nowiki> (Original work published November 30, 2020) * ''Interfaith Marriage: Share and Respect with Equality,'' Dr. Dilip Amin, Mount Meru publishing * ''This is My Friend, This is My Beloved: A Pastoral Letter on Human Sexuality'' (Jewish) Elliot N. Dorff, The Rabbinical Assembly * ''It All Begins with a Date: Jewish Concerns about Intermarriage'', Alan Silverstein, [[Jason Aronson]], 1995, {{ISBN|1-56821-542-8}} * ''Strange Wives: Intermarriage in the biblical world'', Stanley Ned Rosenbaum and [[Allen Secher]], 2014, {{ISBN|0986322601}} * ''Intimate Diversity: an Anglican Practical Theology of Interreligious Marriage,'' Paul Aidan Smith, [Brill], 2021, {{ISBN|978-90-04-46032-4 }} * ''Being Both: Embracing Two Religions in One Interfaith Family'', [[Susan Katz Miller]], 2013, {{ISBN|9780807013199}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Wikiquote}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20171123110214/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09698a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Mixed Marriage] *[https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8137-intermarriage/ Jewish Encyclopedia: Intermarriage] *[http://www.interfaithfamily.com Resources for Interfaith Families] from [[Interfaithfamily.com]] {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:dini]] [[Jamii:Uyahudi]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] hcudm0lt9s90pg6xpioyo37xjclugoo 0 241985 1578964 2026-07-09T14:32:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Nchi takatifu]] 1578964 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[nchi takatifu]] r55q23fy9pdq0ezwwkvv6531c4mupfq 3 241986 1579006 2026-07-10T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579006 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2t8ijnuqn42emdyczlgkb0osb9fesi6 3 241987 1579007 2026-07-10T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579007 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2t8ijnuqn42emdyczlgkb0osb9fesi6 3 241988 1579008 2026-07-10T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579008 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2t8ijnuqn42emdyczlgkb0osb9fesi6 3 241989 1579009 2026-07-10T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579009 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2t8ijnuqn42emdyczlgkb0osb9fesi6 3 241990 1579010 2026-07-10T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579010 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2t8ijnuqn42emdyczlgkb0osb9fesi6 3 241991 1579011 2026-07-10T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579011 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241992 1579012 2026-07-10T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579012 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241993 1579013 2026-07-10T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579013 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241994 1579014 2026-07-10T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579014 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241995 1579015 2026-07-10T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579015 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241996 1579016 2026-07-10T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579016 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) 06mmkoqgw0s81l7ymeupumx0j96q9se 3 241997 1579017 2026-07-10T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579017 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) d61rhoprpcqzqvo3m8s1dsat5012zzc 3 241998 1579018 2026-07-10T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579018 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) d61rhoprpcqzqvo3m8s1dsat5012zzc 3 241999 1579019 2026-07-10T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579019 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Julai 2026 (UTC) d61rhoprpcqzqvo3m8s1dsat5012zzc