Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1991 1579249 1071484 2026-07-13T01:42:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] pos67kyljs2kq94b7xbudu3jdscv5pe 1579250 1579249 2026-07-13T01:45:54Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera, unaojulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi. 167  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] akoaq3dixzoq7a7sb0hulsf5jy56l46 1579251 1579250 2026-07-13T01:46:47Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi. 167  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] cz8h4gzgosw9dt3e2w3uwchtlotyado 1579252 1579251 2026-07-13T01:50:02Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] enbhhnqzk3dbvu7k250fpfunp1u6vxn 1579253 1579252 2026-07-13T01:53:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] p4xd41xe1ob4r6t4cjqidnz717omd42 1579254 1579253 2026-07-13T01:56:06Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] 8wmkh9gscue9ci2mfor9qh3ztznkz8u 1579255 1579254 2026-07-13T02:00:38Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi. Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine. Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto. Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani. Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] e725hnag40shsssw467qmmy6kh8f042 1579256 1579255 2026-07-13T02:04:02Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka rejeo 1579256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine. Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto. Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani. Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] bke0h9pap15q7xeo8eznzjaxj79ywuc 1579257 1579256 2026-07-13T02:07:45Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka rejeo 1579257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto. Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani. Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] dozl5eguinnp0ghmt87uh4945k3c9bl 1579258 1579257 2026-07-13T02:11:33Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Samaki */ 1579258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto. Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani. Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] b06kixkvu9022qrlmssjn7t6chrffdu 1579259 1579258 2026-07-13T02:15:00Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka rejeo 1579259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani. Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] jhq5gf7x7lund74xsw8da3fqdrs5pd0 1579260 1579259 2026-07-13T02:17:16Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka rejeo 1579260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] 8rc3uz8wg0vhmt49nzyi4oiuisjlth4 1579262 1579260 2026-07-13T02:19:54Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka rejeo 1579262 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] op6qc8w07loslucqv8ubmr22ww33w01 1579265 1579262 2026-07-13T02:32:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Nimeweka picha 1579265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] [[File:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|Watu wakivuka Mto Kagera]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika Ziwa Victoria. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya Ziwa Tanganyika. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. Maporomoko hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] frsrcu4hidt51ro8kg90cu9i2lg94yh 1579266 1579265 2026-07-13T02:33:46Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Jiografia */ 1579266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] [[File:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|Watu wakivuka Mto Kagera]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]]. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya [[Tanganyika (ziwa)|Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. [[Maporomoko ya maji|Maporomoko]] hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] o0wb9vsg0m8ifd84sbxwmgt01shkxtr 1579271 1579266 2026-07-13T05:48:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 6 template(s) replaced. 1579271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] [[File:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|Watu wakivuka Mto Kagera]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: Akagera) ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera unajulikana pia kama Mto Alexandra Nile, ni mto wa Afrika Mashariki unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka chanzo chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]]. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya [[Tanganyika (ziwa)|Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo, ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. [[Maporomoko ya maji|Maporomoko]] hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] 811zbl2qzt4yzkrh9ecj85u4zo91iwa 1579298 1579271 2026-07-13T10:51:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] [[File:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|Watu wakivuka Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: '''Akagera''', unajulikana pia kama '''Mto Alexandra Nile'') ni kati ya [[mito]] inayounda mto [[Nile]], pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Mto Kagera ni mto wa [[Afrika Mashariki]] unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto Nile na kubeba maji kutoka [[chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] chake cha mbali zaidi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref>  Ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa kilomita 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika Ziwa Rweru nchini Rwanda. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa pia jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka [[Ziwa Rweru]]. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika [[Ziwa Viktoria]]. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya [[Tanganyika (ziwa)|Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. [[Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo]], ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. [[Maporomoko ya maji|Maporomoko]] hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] h9m02qtop4hselmlmrdu54crys2p1fw 1579299 1579298 2026-07-13T10:57:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|right|340px|Kagera kwenye maporomoko ya Rusumo. Mto ni mpaka, Tanzania upande wa kushoto na Rwanda upande wa kulia. Vituo vya mpakani vinaonekana darajani.]] [[Picha:Akagera_map.png|right|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Kagera.]] [[File:Informal Cross-border Trade - River Kagera.jpg|thumb|Watu wakivuka Mto Kagera.]] '''Mto Kagera''' (kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]: '''Akagera''', unajulikana pia kama '''Mto Alexandra Nile''') ni [[mto]] wa [[Afrika Mashariki]] unaounda sehemu ya vyanzo vya juu vya Mto [[Nile]] na kutiririsha [[maji]] kutoka [[chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] chake cha mbali zaidi<ref>{{Citation|last=Mohamed|first=Nader Noureldeen|title=Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End|date=2017|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_107|work=The Nile River|pages=1–32|editor-last=Negm|editor-first=Abdelazim M.|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/698_2016_107|isbn=978-3-319-59088-2|access-date=2026-07-13}}</ref> ukiwa na urefu wa jumla wa [[kilomita]] 597 (maili 371) kuanzia chanzo chake kilicho katika [[Ziwa Rweru]] nchini Rwanda. Pia ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa kuingia [[ziwa]] la [[Viktoria Nyanza]]. Unaanzia [[Burundi]] inapounganika mito ya [[mto Nyawarongo|Nyawarongo]] na [[mto Ruvuvu|Ruvuvu]] ikiendela [[km]] 400 hadi kuingia [[ziwa Viktoria]]. Mto Kagera ukielekea [[kaskazini]] ni mpaka kati ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]; pale unapogeuka kuelekea [[mashariki]] karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Kikagati]] ni mpaka kati ya Tanzania na [[Uganda]]. Sehemu ya mwisho ya njia yake inaingia kabisa ndani ya eneo la Tanzania hadi kufika Viktoria Nyanza km kama 40 kaskazini kwa [[Bukoba]]. [[Jina]] la mto wa Kagera umekuwa jina la [[mbuga ya wanyama]] ya [[Akagera National Park]] huko Rwanda na pia la [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] katika Tanzania. Sehemu ya mto inayojulikana kama Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi, ikitiririka kutoka Ziwa Rweru. Kutoka ziwani humo, hutiririka kuelekea mashariki kando ya mipaka ya Rwanda na Burundi pamoja na Rwanda na Tanzania hadi mahali inapokutana na Mto Ruvubu. Hivyo, maji ya Mto Kagera hutokana na mito miwili mikuu inayochangia maji yake: Mto Nyabarongo wa Rwanda, ambao huingiza maji katika Ziwa Rweru, na Mto Ruvubu wa Burundi. Haijulikani ni mto upi kati ya hiyo miwili mirefu zaidi na hivyo kuwa chanzo halisi cha Mto Nile. Kutoka mahali hapo pa kukutana, Kagera hutiririka kuelekea kaskazini kando ya mpaka wa Rwanda na Tanzania, ikipita kwenye Maporomoko ya Rusumo na kupitia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera. Kisha hugeukia mashariki, ikifuata mpaka wa Tanzania na Uganda na hatimaye kumwaga maji yake katika Ziwa Victoria nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1898, Richard Kandt alikuwa Mzungu wa kwanza kufika chanzo cha Mto Kagera. <ref>https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf</ref> ==Jiografia== Mto Kagera huanzia nchini Burundi na kutiririkia katika [[Ziwa Viktoria]]. Huu ndio mto mkubwa zaidi unaoingiza maji ziwani humo, ukichangia takriban mita za ujazo bilioni 6.4 za maji kwa mwaka (sawa na asilimia 28 ya maji yanayotoka ziwani humo). Mto Kagera hutokana na kuungana kwa mito ya Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, karibu na sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa ya [[Tanganyika (ziwa)|Ziwa Tanganyika]]. Mto huu huunda sehemu ya mipaka kati ya Burundi na Tanzania, Rwanda na Tanzania, Burundi na Rwanda, pamoja na Tanzania na Uganda. Jina lake limetumika kwa Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Akagera iliyo kaskazini mwa Rwanda, na pia kwa Mkoa wa Kagera nchini Tanzania. [[Maporomoko ya maji ya Rusumo]], ambayo ni njia muhimu ya kuvuka mpaka kati ya Rwanda na Tanzania, yanapatikana kwenye mto huu. [[Maporomoko ya maji|Maporomoko]] hayo yapo karibu na mji wa Rusumo. ==Historia== Mto huu umekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika historia ya nchi zinazopitiwa nao, hasa Rwanda. Mnamo mwaka wa 1894, Mjerumani Gustav Adolf von Götzen alivuka Mto Kagera katika Maporomoko ya Rusumo, hatua iliyoashiria kuanza kwa enzi ya ukoloni nchini Rwanda ambayo ilianza rasmi mwaka wa 1899. Na mnamo mwaka wa 1916, wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Wabelgiji waliwashinda Wajerumani na kuingia Rwanda wakitumia njia hiyo hiyo. Mto huo ulijipatia sifa mbaya kimataifa mwaka wa 1994 kwa kubeba miili ya wahanga wa mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda hadi Ziwa Victoria, jambo lililosababisha kutangazwa kwa hali ya hatari katika maeneo ya Uganda ambapo miili hiyo ilitupwa na maji hatimaye. ==Samaki== Bonde la Mto Kagera lina samaki wengi. Kufikia mwaka wa 2001, kulikuwa na angalau spishi 55 zinazojulikana kutoka sehemu ya Rwanda pekee na idadi halisi inawezekana kuwa kubwa zaidi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> Spishi saba za ziada zimerekodiwa katika tafiti zingine.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/949cff8a-d15c-4213-86f4-3804e8f5fea8 |doi=10.15468/js65th}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Olokotum |first=Mark |title=Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) |url=https://www.gbif.org/dataset/5a53f318-2cba-42ea-ab8c-01335c2ac646 |doi=10.15468/wsxmk6}}</ref> Zaidi ya hayo, kuna angalau spishi 15 ambazo hazijaelezewa za haplochromine cichlids ambazo hupatikana katika baadhi ya maziwa katika sehemu za juu za bonde la mto.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/47642|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin|date=2018|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-1895-8|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sababu ya maporomoko mengi ya maji na maporomoko ya maji, sehemu mbalimbali za bonde la Mto Kagera zimetenganishwa wazi, na kufanya mienendo ya samaki kati yao kuwa migumu au hata haiwezekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.2982%2F0012-8317(2001)90%5B41%3AAACOTF%5D2.0.CO%3B2|work=bioone.org|accessdate=2026-07-13|doi=10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Berakhi |first=Robel Ogbaghebriel |last2=Oyana |first2=Tonny J. |last3=Adu-Prah |first3=Samuel |date=2015-09-02 |title=Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |journal=African Geographical Review |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=209–231 |doi=10.1080/19376812.2014.912140 |issn=1937-6812}}</ref> Spishi moja inayojulikana kuishi katika bonde hilo, yaani Labeobarbus microbarbis, sasa inachukuliwa kuwa imetoweka. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Kagera]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{Mito ya Tanzania}} {{Mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagera}} [[Jamii:Mto Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] r1550js2a3z9fjpviykcju9oo6aifkr 0 2488 1579210 1579202 2026-07-12T14:21:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Demografia */ 1579210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Madagaska | jina_asili = ''Repoblikan’i Madagasikara'' (Malagasy) <br> ''République de Madagascar'' (Kifaransa) | bendera = File:Flag of Madagascar.svg | nembo = File:Seal of Madagascar.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana'' <br> (''Love, Fatherland, Progress'') | wimbo = ''Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!'' | ramani = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = Antananarivo | lugha_rasmi = Malagasy, Kifaransa | mwaka_kabila = 2017 | kabila = {{plainlist| *Wamerina *Wabetsimisaraka *Wabetsileo *Watsimihety *Wasakalava *Waantaisaka *Waantandroy *Makabila Mengine }} | serikali = Utawala wa kijeshi | kiongozi1 = [[Michael Randrianirina]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mamitiana Rajaonarison]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Madagascar | tukio2 = Koloni la Kifaransa | tukio3 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 16 | tukio2_tarehe = 6 Agosti 1896 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Juni 1960 | eneo_jumla = 592,796 km² | cheo_eneo = 46 | maji = 0.9% | watu_kadirio = 31,964,956 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 55/km² | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $56.754 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,906 | plt = {{increase}} $15.763 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $529 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.487 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | gini = {{decrease}} 42.6 | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Ariary]] (MGA) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = 261 | tld = .mg }} [[Picha:Madagascar-carte.png|thumb|right|200px|Ramani ya Madagaska.]] '''Madagaska''', rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Madagaska''' ni [[nchi]] ya [[kisiwa]] iliyoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban kilomita 400 (maili 250) kutoka pwani ya kusini-mashariki mwa [[Afrika]]. Ni kisiwa cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani, kikiwa na eneo la kilomita za mraba 592,796 (maili za mraba 228,880). Nchi hii inajulikana kwa viumbe hai wake wa kipekee, ambapo zaidi ya 90% ya [[wanyama]] na [[mmea|mimea]] yake hupatikana tu huko. Madagaska ina mifumo mbalimbali ya ikolojia, ikiwa ni pamoja na misitu ya mvua, misitu mikavu ya majani yanayopukutika, na maeneo ya miiba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya viumbe hai duniani. Mji mkuu na mkubwa zaidi, [[Antananarivo]], ni kitovu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]] cha nchi. Kisiwa hiki kilianza kuwa na watu wanaozungumza lugha za Kiaustronesia karibu mwaka 500 BK, na baadaye kulifuata uhamiaji kutoka Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati, na Ulaya. Madagaska baadaye ilikuwa Ufalme wa Imerina kabla ya kutawaliwa na Ufaransa mnamo 1896. Nchi ilipata uhuru wake kutoka kwa Ufaransa tarehe 26 Juni 1960, na sasa ni jamhuri ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais. Lugha rasmi ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanafuata Ukristo, mara nyingi ukiwa umechanganyika na imani za jadi. Uchumi wa Madagaska unategemea sana kilimo, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku vanilla na karafuu zikiwa miongoni mwa mazao yanayouzwa nje. Hata hivyo, nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, umaskini, na uharibifu wa mazingira. == Jina == [[Jina]] Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na [[lugha]] ya wenyeji, [[Wamalagasi]] ambao waongea [[Kimalagasi]]. == Jiografia == {{main|Mikoa ya Madagaska|Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska}} Kisiwa chenyewe ni [[Orodha ya visiwa duniani|cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani]]. Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka [[India]] miaka [[milioni]] 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila [[watu]] hadi [[karne ya 5]] hivi [[BK]]. == Ekolojia == Kisiwa hicho ni pia [[mazingira]] makubwa ya aina ya [[violezo]] ambayo ni [[asilimia]] 5 ya violezo vyote vya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] vya [[dunia]] nzima. Asilimia 90 ya [[viumbehai]] asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya [[kima]] awali wanaoitwa [[lemuri]], [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] ambao waambukiza [[ugonjwa]] na [[mti]] wa [[mbuyu]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Madagaska}} [[Picha:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mfalme [[Andrianampoinimerina]] ([[1787]]-[[1810]]).]] [[Picha:Merina Kingdom flag.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] [[Picha:Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg|thumb|Nembo ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na [[binadamu]]. Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya [[Indonesia]] (kama mwaka [[350]]-[[550]] [[BK]]). Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka [[bara]] la Afrika (mwaka [[1000]] hivi) na wengineo ([[Waarabu]], [[Wahindi]], [[Wazungu]], [[Wachina]] n.k.). Kuanzia mwaka [[1787]] hadi mwaka [[1897]] kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya [[Ufalme wa Merina]]. Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka [[familia]] ya [[Andrianampoinimerina]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[taifa]] hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika [[kabila]] la [[Wamerina]] Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika [[nyanda za juu|uwanda wa juu]] wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini. [[Wamerina]] walikuwa na [[makao makuu]] ya utawala wao [[Antananarivo]]; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa [[Ambohimanga]] lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho. Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza [[lugha]] moja na yalikuwa na [[mila]] na [[desturi]] zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga [[umoja]] wa [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] uliowafanya wawe [[jamii]] moja kimsingi. Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa [[koloni]] la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa [[sera ya kuisasisha]] ya [[Bukini]] kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa [[nchi]] hiyo wa kutetea [[uhuru]] wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha [[ufalme]] huo kwa kuongeza [[utegemezi]] wake kwa [[mataifa ya kigeni]]. == Demografia == [[File:Madagascar Kids 5 (4814978342).jpg|thumb|Mtoto wa Kimalagasi anayeonyesha kuwa na mchanganyiko wa damu.]] Mwaka [[2024]] idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kukaribia milioni 32. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa [[damu]]: [[DNA]] inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi. Kwa sasa (2017) makabila makubwa zaidi ni: Wamerina (26%), Wabetsimisaraka (15%), Wabetsileo (12%), Watsimihety (7%), Wasakalava (6%), Waantaisaka (5%), Waantandroy (5%). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni Kimalagasi. [[Lugha rasmi]] za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na [[Kifaransa]] (angalia pia [[orodha ya lugha za Madagaska]]). === Dini === Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na [[dini za jadi]] (52% hivi), [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Waprotestanti]] wakiwazidi kidogo [[Wakatoliki]]), [[Uislamu]] (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti, bila kuacha baadhi ya [[desturi]] za awali. Ndiyo sababu ni vigumu kutoa takwimu sahihi. Kadiri ya Pew Research Center, mwaka 2020 kulikuwa na Wakristo (85%), wafuasi wa dini za jadi (4.7%), Waislamu (3.1%)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Madagascar - Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092043/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>. === Utamaduni === Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na [[utamaduni]] na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last = Acquier |first = Jean-Louis |title = Architectures de Madagascar |publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Berlin |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-2-7003-1169-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ade Ajayi | first = Jacob Festus | title = General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s | publisher = UNESCO | location = Paris | year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-03917-9 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sMpMuJalFKoC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Adelaar | first = Alexander | contribution = The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence | title = Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago | editor-last = Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad | publisher = LIPI Press |location = Jakarta, Indonesia | year = 2006 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-979-26-2436-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ames | first = Glenn Joseph | title =Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = New York | year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0-313-30864-2}} * {{cite book | last1 = Auzias | first1 = Dominique | first2 =Jean-Paul | last2 = Labourdette | title = Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 | location = Paris | publisher = Petit Futé | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-2-7469-1982-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Barendse | first = R.J. | title = The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = Berlin | year = 2002| isbn = 978-0-7656-0729-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_qvq9dN8j5MC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last = Bradt |first= Hilary |title=Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84162-341-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Browning | first = Christopher R. | title = The Origins of the Final Solution | publisher = Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority | location = Jerusalem | year = 2004 | isbn = 3-540-63293-X |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=jHQdRHNdK44C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Gwyn |title=An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location = London|year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83935-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13Yt9jLuKzsC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Chapus | first1 = G.S. | last2= Mondain | first2 = G. | year = 1953 | title = Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony | publisher = Editions Diloutremer | location = Paris|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Cousins | first = William Edward | title = Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects | publisher = The Religious Tract Society | location = London | year = 1895 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=gvREAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Curtin | first = Philip D. | title = Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseempirehea0000curt | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-521-59835-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Davies | first = S.J.J.F. |contribution = Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins | title = Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia | editor-first = Michael | editor-last = Hutchins | volume = 8 |edition = 2 | publisher = Gale Group |location = Farmington Hills, MI |isbn = 0-7876-5784-0 | year = 2003}} * {{cite book | last = Deschamps | first = Hubert Jules | title = Histoire de Madagascar | publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1965 |language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = William | title = Three visits to Madagascar during&nbsp;... 1853-1854-1856 | publisher = Oxford University | location = London | year = 1859 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=nPoGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last1=Emoff |first1=Ron |year=2004 |title =Island Musics |chapter = Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song | editor-last = Dawe | editor-first = Kevin |publisher=Berg |location = New York |url=http://books.google.com/?id=owU3-pCIvyYC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-1-85973-703-3}} * {{cite book | last1= Fage | first1 = J.D. | last2= Flint| first2 = J.E. |last3=Oliver |first3=R.A. | year = 1986 | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = London | isbn = 0-521-20413-5 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BOHYn7J4YzQC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book |last=Fournet-Guérin |first=Catherine |title=Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache |publisher=Karthala Editions |location = Antananarivo, Madagascar |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-84586-869-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U_NHlyeI3mcC&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Fox | first = Leonard | title = Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 1990 | location = Lewisburg, PA | isbn = 978-0-8387-5175-6}} * {{cite book | last1 = Freeman | first1 = Joseph John |last2 = Johns |first2 = David | title = A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England | publisher = J. Snow | location = London | year = 1840 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rAMNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Frémigacci | first = Jean | chapter = Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire? | title = Histoire d'Afrique | url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse | editor-last = Chrétien | editor-first = Jean-Pierre | year = 1999 | publisher = Editions Karthala | location = Paris |isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Gallieni | first = Joseph-Simon | title = Neuf ans à Madagascar | publisher = Librairie Hachette | location = Paris | year = 1908 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AL8RAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last1 = Heale | first1 = Jay | last2 = Abdul Latif | first2 =Zawiah | title = Cultures of the World: Madagascar | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = Tarrytown, NY | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7614-3036-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PJWLCYGo2RgC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hillstrom | first1 = Kevin | last2 = Collier Hillstrom | first2 =Laurie | title = Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-57607-688-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XxIk9zTm_e8C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book| last1 = Hobbes | first1 = Joseph |last2 = Dolan| first2 = Andrew | title = World Regional Geography | publisher = Cengage Learning | location = Belmont, CA | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&printsec=frontcover | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-495-38950-7}} * {{cite book | last = Hodder | first = Ian | title = Symbolic and structural archaeology | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982 |location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dWdwiY7ziRYC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-24406-0}} * {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = David | title = The Library of Congress World War II companion | url = https://archive.org/details/libraryofcongres0000wagn | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2007 |location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-5219-5}} * {{cite book | last = Kent| first = Raymond | title = From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/frommadagascarto0000kent| publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1976 |isbn = 978-0-8371-8421-0}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kitchen | first1 = Helen A. | title = The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Praeger | year= 1962}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kull | first1 = Christian | title = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year= 2004 |isbn = 978-0-226-46141-0 |url = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246}} * {{cite book |last1 = Kusimba |first1 = Chapurukha |last2 = Odland |first2 = J. Claire |last3 = Bronson |first3 = Bennet | title = Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar | publisher = Regents of the University of California | series = Textile Series | location = Los Angeles | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-930741-95-1}} * {{cite book |last = Lehoullier |first= Sara |title=Madagascar: Travel Companion |publisher=Other Places Publishing |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-9822619-5-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QhAbnvPKaVUC&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite book | last = Middleton | first = Karen | title = Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar | publisher = Brill | location = Los Angeles |year = 1999 | isbn = 978-90-04-11289-6 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=My4B9q9FTiYC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Moriarty |first1 = H.A. | title = Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover | location = London | publisher = J. D. Potter | year= 1891}} * {{cite book | last1 = Nalla |first1 = Mahesh | title = Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa | location = Los Angeles | publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2010 |isbn = 978-0-313-35133-4}} * {{cite book | last = Ogot | first = Bethwell | title = Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century | publisher = UNESCO|location = Paris| year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&printsec=frontcover| isbn = 978-92-3-101711-7}} * {{cite book | last1 = Oliver | first1 = Roland | first2 = John Donnelly | last2 = Fage | first3 =G.N. | last3 = Sanderson | title = The Cambridge History of Africa | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 6 | year = 1985 | location = Cambridge, U.K. | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xh-QcHRG3OwC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}} * {{cite book | first = Samuel Pasfield | last = Oliver | authorlink = Samuel Pasfield Oliver | title = Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1 | place = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1886 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lKtBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Pezzotta | first = Federico | title = Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise | place = Ann Arbor, MI | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-9715371-0-1}} * {{cite book |last = Pryor |first= Frederic L. |title=The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-520823-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=0P0fDzMA5lEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rabearivelo | first1 = Jean-Joseph | title = Translated from the Night | location = Pittsburgh, PA | publisher = Lascaux Editions | year= 2007 |origyear = 1936 (translation by Robert Ziller) | isbn = 978-1-60461-552-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F-5I6QlMfJEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Rajaonarimanana | first = Narivelo | title = Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache | publisher = Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque | series = Langues INALCO | year = 2001 | location = Paris | isbn = 2-911053-79-6|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ralibera | first = Daniel | title = Madagascar et le christianisme | location = Paris| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GOeAT76TGN0C&printsec=frontcover| publisher = Editions Karthala | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-92-9028-211-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book |last=Randier |first=Jean |title=La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française |year=2006 |publisher=Babouji |location= Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise |isbn=2-35261-022-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Randrianary | first = Victor | title = Madagascar: les chants d'une île | publisher = Actes Sud |location = Paris | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ratsimbazafy | first = Ernest | editor-last = Green | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Svinth | editor2-first = Joseph | title = Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2 | contribution = Moraingy | publisher = ABC CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-59884-243-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=P-Nv_LUi6KgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Reinsch | first = Paul Samuel | title = Colonial Administration | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | year = 1905 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bfsmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rodd | first1 = Tony |last2 = Stackhouse |first2 = Jennifer | title = Trees: A Visual Guide | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-520-25650-7}} * {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites | publisher = McFarland | location = Jefferson, NC | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-7864-2248-7 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Sharp | first = Leslie | title = The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5IFbKsKxYQYC&printsec=frontcover | location = Berkeley, CA |publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0-520-22951-8}} * {{cite book|last=Shillington|first= Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|location = New York | year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-453-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Strakes | first = Jason | contribution = Armed Forces of the People | year = 2006 | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world | editor-last = Leonard | editor-first = Thomas M. | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-57958-388-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Thompson | first1 = Virginia | last2= Adloff | first2 = Richard | year = 1965 | title = The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today | url= https://archive.org/details/malagasyrepublic0000thom | publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 978-0-8047-0279-9 | location = San Francisco, CA}} * {{cite book | last = Uwechue | first = Raph | title = Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1 | publisher = Africa Books Ltd | location = Dearborne, MI | year = 1981 |isbn = 978-0-903274-14-2}} * {{cite book |last=Van Den Boogaerde |first=Pierre|title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |year=2008 |publisher=AEG Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=I_S1D8cnTiEC&pg=PT19 }} * {{cite book |last = Wink|first = André |title = Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries |publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, The Netherlands |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-90-04-13561-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&printsec=frontcover}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Madagascar}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13861843 Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|ma|Madagascar}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Madagascar}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm |date=20120829212249 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Madagascar}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MG Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar] from [[International Futures]] {{Coord|20|S|47|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Madagaska|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] lf9w3c9roe5q52jg2vqth65iqlh2tv1 1579211 1579210 2026-07-12T14:25:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Madagaska | jina_asili = ''Repoblikan’i Madagasikara'' (Malagasy) <br> ''République de Madagascar'' (Kifaransa) | bendera = File:Flag of Madagascar.svg | nembo = File:Seal of Madagascar.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana'' <br> (''Love, Fatherland, Progress'') | wimbo = ''Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!'' | ramani = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = Antananarivo | lugha_rasmi = Malagasy, Kifaransa | mwaka_kabila = 2017 | kabila = {{plainlist| *Wamerina *Wabetsimisaraka *Wabetsileo *Watsimihety *Wasakalava *Waantaisaka *Waantandroy *Makabila Mengine }} | serikali = Utawala wa kijeshi | kiongozi1 = [[Michael Randrianirina]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mamitiana Rajaonarison]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Madagascar | tukio2 = Koloni la Kifaransa | tukio3 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 16 | tukio2_tarehe = 6 Agosti 1896 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Juni 1960 | eneo_jumla = 592,796 km² | cheo_eneo = 46 | maji = 0.9% | watu_kadirio = 31,964,956 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 55/km² | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $56.754 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,906 | plt = {{increase}} $15.763 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $529 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.487 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | gini = {{decrease}} 42.6 | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Ariary]] (MGA) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = 261 | tld = .mg }} [[Picha:Madagascar-carte.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Ramani]] ya Madagaska.]] '''Madagaska''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Madagaska''') ni [[nchi]] ya [[kisiwa]] iliyoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban [[kilomita]] 400 ([[maili]] 250) kutoka pwani ya kusini-mashariki mwa [[Afrika]]. Ni kisiwa cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani, kikiwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 592,796 (maili za mraba 228,880). Nchi hii inajulikana kwa [[viumbehai]] wake wa pekee, ambapo zaidi ya 90[[%]] ya [[wanyama]] na [[mmea|mimea]] yake hupatikana tu huko. Madagaska ina mifumo mbalimbali ya [[ekolojia]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[misitu]] ya mvua, misitu mikavu ya majani yanayopukutika, na maeneo ya miiba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya viumbehai duniani. [[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa zaidi, [[Antananarivo]], ni kitovu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]], ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]] cha nchi. Kisiwa hiki kilianza kuwa na watu wanaozungumza lugha za Kiaustronesia karibu mwaka 500 BK, na baadaye kulifuata uhamiaji kutoka Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati, na Ulaya. Madagaska baadaye ilikuwa Ufalme wa Imerina kabla ya kutawaliwa na Ufaransa mnamo 1896. Nchi ilipata uhuru wake kutoka kwa Ufaransa tarehe 26 Juni 1960, na sasa ni jamhuri ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais. Lugha rasmi ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanafuata Ukristo, mara nyingi ukiwa umechanganyika na imani za jadi. Uchumi wa Madagaska unategemea sana kilimo, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku vanilla na karafuu zikiwa miongoni mwa mazao yanayouzwa nje. Hata hivyo, nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, umaskini, na uharibifu wa mazingira. == Jina == [[Jina]] Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na [[lugha]] ya wenyeji, [[Wamalagasi]] ambao waongea [[Kimalagasi]]. == Jiografia == {{main|Mikoa ya Madagaska|Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska}} Kisiwa chenyewe ni [[Orodha ya visiwa duniani|cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani]]. Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka [[India]] miaka [[milioni]] 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila [[watu]] hadi [[karne ya 5]] hivi [[BK]]. == Ekolojia == Kisiwa hicho ni pia [[mazingira]] makubwa ya aina ya [[violezo]] ambayo ni [[asilimia]] 5 ya violezo vyote vya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] vya [[dunia]] nzima. Asilimia 90 ya [[viumbehai]] asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya [[kima]] awali wanaoitwa [[lemuri]], [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] ambao waambukiza [[ugonjwa]] na [[mti]] wa [[mbuyu]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Madagaska}} [[Picha:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mfalme [[Andrianampoinimerina]] ([[1787]]-[[1810]]).]] [[Picha:Merina Kingdom flag.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] [[Picha:Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg|thumb|Nembo ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na [[binadamu]]. Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya [[Indonesia]] (kama mwaka [[350]]-[[550]] [[BK]]). Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka [[bara]] la Afrika (mwaka [[1000]] hivi) na wengineo ([[Waarabu]], [[Wahindi]], [[Wazungu]], [[Wachina]] n.k.). Kuanzia mwaka [[1787]] hadi mwaka [[1897]] kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya [[Ufalme wa Merina]]. Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka [[familia]] ya [[Andrianampoinimerina]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[taifa]] hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika [[kabila]] la [[Wamerina]] Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika [[nyanda za juu|uwanda wa juu]] wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini. [[Wamerina]] walikuwa na [[makao makuu]] ya utawala wao [[Antananarivo]]; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa [[Ambohimanga]] lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho. Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza [[lugha]] moja na yalikuwa na [[mila]] na [[desturi]] zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga [[umoja]] wa [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] uliowafanya wawe [[jamii]] moja kimsingi. Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa [[koloni]] la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa [[sera ya kuisasisha]] ya [[Bukini]] kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa [[nchi]] hiyo wa kutetea [[uhuru]] wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha [[ufalme]] huo kwa kuongeza [[utegemezi]] wake kwa [[mataifa ya kigeni]]. == Demografia == [[File:Madagascar Kids 5 (4814978342).jpg|thumb|Mtoto wa Kimalagasi anayeonyesha kuwa na mchanganyiko wa damu.]] Mwaka [[2024]] idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kukaribia milioni 32. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa [[damu]]: [[DNA]] inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi. Kwa sasa (2017) makabila makubwa zaidi ni: Wamerina (26%), Wabetsimisaraka (15%), Wabetsileo (12%), Watsimihety (7%), Wasakalava (6%), Waantaisaka (5%), Waantandroy (5%). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni Kimalagasi. [[Lugha rasmi]] za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na [[Kifaransa]] (angalia pia [[orodha ya lugha za Madagaska]]). === Dini === Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na [[dini za jadi]] (52% hivi), [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Waprotestanti]] wakiwazidi kidogo [[Wakatoliki]]), [[Uislamu]] (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti, bila kuacha baadhi ya [[desturi]] za awali. Ndiyo sababu ni vigumu kutoa takwimu sahihi. Kadiri ya Pew Research Center, mwaka 2020 kulikuwa na Wakristo (85%), wafuasi wa dini za jadi (4.7%), Waislamu (3.1%)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Madagascar - Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092043/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>. === Utamaduni === Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na [[utamaduni]] na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last = Acquier |first = Jean-Louis |title = Architectures de Madagascar |publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Berlin |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-2-7003-1169-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ade Ajayi | first = Jacob Festus | title = General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s | publisher = UNESCO | location = Paris | year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-03917-9 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sMpMuJalFKoC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Adelaar | first = Alexander | contribution = The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence | title = Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago | editor-last = Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad | publisher = LIPI Press |location = Jakarta, Indonesia | year = 2006 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-979-26-2436-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ames | first = Glenn Joseph | title =Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = New York | year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0-313-30864-2}} * {{cite book | last1 = Auzias | first1 = Dominique | first2 =Jean-Paul | last2 = Labourdette | title = Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 | location = Paris | publisher = Petit Futé | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-2-7469-1982-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Barendse | first = R.J. | title = The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = Berlin | year = 2002| isbn = 978-0-7656-0729-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_qvq9dN8j5MC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last = Bradt |first= Hilary |title=Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84162-341-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Browning | first = Christopher R. | title = The Origins of the Final Solution | publisher = Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority | location = Jerusalem | year = 2004 | isbn = 3-540-63293-X |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=jHQdRHNdK44C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Gwyn |title=An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location = London|year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83935-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13Yt9jLuKzsC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Chapus | first1 = G.S. | last2= Mondain | first2 = G. | year = 1953 | title = Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony | publisher = Editions Diloutremer | location = Paris|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Cousins | first = William Edward | title = Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects | publisher = The Religious Tract Society | location = London | year = 1895 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=gvREAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Curtin | first = Philip D. | title = Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseempirehea0000curt | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-521-59835-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Davies | first = S.J.J.F. |contribution = Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins | title = Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia | editor-first = Michael | editor-last = Hutchins | volume = 8 |edition = 2 | publisher = Gale Group |location = Farmington Hills, MI |isbn = 0-7876-5784-0 | year = 2003}} * {{cite book | last = Deschamps | first = Hubert Jules | title = Histoire de Madagascar | publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1965 |language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = William | title = Three visits to Madagascar during&nbsp;... 1853-1854-1856 | publisher = Oxford University | location = London | year = 1859 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=nPoGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last1=Emoff |first1=Ron |year=2004 |title =Island Musics |chapter = Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song | editor-last = Dawe | editor-first = Kevin |publisher=Berg |location = New York |url=http://books.google.com/?id=owU3-pCIvyYC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-1-85973-703-3}} * {{cite book | last1= Fage | first1 = J.D. | last2= Flint| first2 = J.E. |last3=Oliver |first3=R.A. | year = 1986 | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = London | isbn = 0-521-20413-5 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BOHYn7J4YzQC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book |last=Fournet-Guérin |first=Catherine |title=Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache |publisher=Karthala Editions |location = Antananarivo, Madagascar |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-84586-869-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U_NHlyeI3mcC&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Fox | first = Leonard | title = Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 1990 | location = Lewisburg, PA | isbn = 978-0-8387-5175-6}} * {{cite book | last1 = Freeman | first1 = Joseph John |last2 = Johns |first2 = David | title = A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England | publisher = J. Snow | location = London | year = 1840 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rAMNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Frémigacci | first = Jean | chapter = Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire? | title = Histoire d'Afrique | url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse | editor-last = Chrétien | editor-first = Jean-Pierre | year = 1999 | publisher = Editions Karthala | location = Paris |isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Gallieni | first = Joseph-Simon | title = Neuf ans à Madagascar | publisher = Librairie Hachette | location = Paris | year = 1908 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AL8RAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last1 = Heale | first1 = Jay | last2 = Abdul Latif | first2 =Zawiah | title = Cultures of the World: Madagascar | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = Tarrytown, NY | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7614-3036-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PJWLCYGo2RgC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hillstrom | first1 = Kevin | last2 = Collier Hillstrom | first2 =Laurie | title = Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-57607-688-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XxIk9zTm_e8C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book| last1 = Hobbes | first1 = Joseph |last2 = Dolan| first2 = Andrew | title = World Regional Geography | publisher = Cengage Learning | location = Belmont, CA | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&printsec=frontcover | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-495-38950-7}} * {{cite book | last = Hodder | first = Ian | title = Symbolic and structural archaeology | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982 |location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dWdwiY7ziRYC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-24406-0}} * {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = David | title = The Library of Congress World War II companion | url = https://archive.org/details/libraryofcongres0000wagn | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2007 |location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-5219-5}} * {{cite book | last = Kent| first = Raymond | title = From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/frommadagascarto0000kent| publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1976 |isbn = 978-0-8371-8421-0}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kitchen | first1 = Helen A. | title = The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Praeger | year= 1962}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kull | first1 = Christian | title = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year= 2004 |isbn = 978-0-226-46141-0 |url = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246}} * {{cite book |last1 = Kusimba |first1 = Chapurukha |last2 = Odland |first2 = J. Claire |last3 = Bronson |first3 = Bennet | title = Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar | publisher = Regents of the University of California | series = Textile Series | location = Los Angeles | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-930741-95-1}} * {{cite book |last = Lehoullier |first= Sara |title=Madagascar: Travel Companion |publisher=Other Places Publishing |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-9822619-5-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QhAbnvPKaVUC&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite book | last = Middleton | first = Karen | title = Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar | publisher = Brill | location = Los Angeles |year = 1999 | isbn = 978-90-04-11289-6 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=My4B9q9FTiYC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Moriarty |first1 = H.A. | title = Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover | location = London | publisher = J. D. Potter | year= 1891}} * {{cite book | last1 = Nalla |first1 = Mahesh | title = Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa | location = Los Angeles | publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2010 |isbn = 978-0-313-35133-4}} * {{cite book | last = Ogot | first = Bethwell | title = Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century | publisher = UNESCO|location = Paris| year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&printsec=frontcover| isbn = 978-92-3-101711-7}} * {{cite book | last1 = Oliver | first1 = Roland | first2 = John Donnelly | last2 = Fage | first3 =G.N. | last3 = Sanderson | title = The Cambridge History of Africa | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 6 | year = 1985 | location = Cambridge, U.K. | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xh-QcHRG3OwC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}} * {{cite book | first = Samuel Pasfield | last = Oliver | authorlink = Samuel Pasfield Oliver | title = Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1 | place = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1886 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lKtBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Pezzotta | first = Federico | title = Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise | place = Ann Arbor, MI | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-9715371-0-1}} * {{cite book |last = Pryor |first= Frederic L. |title=The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-520823-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=0P0fDzMA5lEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rabearivelo | first1 = Jean-Joseph | title = Translated from the Night | location = Pittsburgh, PA | publisher = Lascaux Editions | year= 2007 |origyear = 1936 (translation by Robert Ziller) | isbn = 978-1-60461-552-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F-5I6QlMfJEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Rajaonarimanana | first = Narivelo | title = Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache | publisher = Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque | series = Langues INALCO | year = 2001 | location = Paris | isbn = 2-911053-79-6|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ralibera | first = Daniel | title = Madagascar et le christianisme | location = Paris| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GOeAT76TGN0C&printsec=frontcover| publisher = Editions Karthala | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-92-9028-211-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book |last=Randier |first=Jean |title=La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française |year=2006 |publisher=Babouji |location= Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise |isbn=2-35261-022-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Randrianary | first = Victor | title = Madagascar: les chants d'une île | publisher = Actes Sud |location = Paris | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ratsimbazafy | first = Ernest | editor-last = Green | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Svinth | editor2-first = Joseph | title = Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2 | contribution = Moraingy | publisher = ABC CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-59884-243-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=P-Nv_LUi6KgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Reinsch | first = Paul Samuel | title = Colonial Administration | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | year = 1905 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bfsmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rodd | first1 = Tony |last2 = Stackhouse |first2 = Jennifer | title = Trees: A Visual Guide | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-520-25650-7}} * {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites | publisher = McFarland | location = Jefferson, NC | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-7864-2248-7 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Sharp | first = Leslie | title = The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5IFbKsKxYQYC&printsec=frontcover | location = Berkeley, CA |publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0-520-22951-8}} * {{cite book|last=Shillington|first= Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|location = New York | year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-453-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Strakes | first = Jason | contribution = Armed Forces of the People | year = 2006 | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world | editor-last = Leonard | editor-first = Thomas M. | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-57958-388-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Thompson | first1 = Virginia | last2= Adloff | first2 = Richard | year = 1965 | title = The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today | url= https://archive.org/details/malagasyrepublic0000thom | publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 978-0-8047-0279-9 | location = San Francisco, CA}} * {{cite book | last = Uwechue | first = Raph | title = Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1 | publisher = Africa Books Ltd | location = Dearborne, MI | year = 1981 |isbn = 978-0-903274-14-2}} * {{cite book |last=Van Den Boogaerde |first=Pierre|title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |year=2008 |publisher=AEG Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=I_S1D8cnTiEC&pg=PT19 }} * {{cite book |last = Wink|first = André |title = Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries |publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, The Netherlands |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-90-04-13561-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&printsec=frontcover}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Madagascar}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13861843 Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|ma|Madagascar}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Madagascar}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm |date=20120829212249 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Madagascar}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MG Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar] from [[International Futures]] {{Coord|20|S|47|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Madagaska|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 46sxdfd8lgmslyfd2nesg6z5ky9skg7 1579212 1579211 2026-07-12T14:28:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Demografia */ 1579212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Madagaska | jina_asili = ''Repoblikan’i Madagasikara'' (Malagasy) <br> ''République de Madagascar'' (Kifaransa) | bendera = File:Flag of Madagascar.svg | nembo = File:Seal of Madagascar.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana'' <br> (''Love, Fatherland, Progress'') | wimbo = ''Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!'' | ramani = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = Antananarivo | lugha_rasmi = Malagasy, Kifaransa | mwaka_kabila = 2017 | kabila = {{plainlist| *Wamerina *Wabetsimisaraka *Wabetsileo *Watsimihety *Wasakalava *Waantaisaka *Waantandroy *Makabila Mengine }} | serikali = Utawala wa kijeshi | kiongozi1 = [[Michael Randrianirina]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mamitiana Rajaonarison]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Madagascar | tukio2 = Koloni la Kifaransa | tukio3 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 16 | tukio2_tarehe = 6 Agosti 1896 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Juni 1960 | eneo_jumla = 592,796 km² | cheo_eneo = 46 | maji = 0.9% | watu_kadirio = 31,964,956 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 55/km² | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $56.754 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,906 | plt = {{increase}} $15.763 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $529 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.487 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | gini = {{decrease}} 42.6 | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Ariary]] (MGA) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = 261 | tld = .mg }} [[Picha:Madagascar-carte.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Ramani]] ya Madagaska.]] '''Madagaska''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Madagaska''') ni [[nchi]] ya [[kisiwa]] iliyoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban [[kilomita]] 400 ([[maili]] 250) kutoka pwani ya kusini-mashariki mwa [[Afrika]]. Ni kisiwa cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani, kikiwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 592,796 (maili za mraba 228,880). Nchi hii inajulikana kwa [[viumbehai]] wake wa pekee, ambapo zaidi ya 90[[%]] ya [[wanyama]] na [[mmea|mimea]] yake hupatikana tu huko. Madagaska ina mifumo mbalimbali ya [[ekolojia]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[misitu]] ya mvua, misitu mikavu ya majani yanayopukutika, na maeneo ya miiba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya viumbehai duniani. [[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa zaidi, [[Antananarivo]], ni kitovu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]], ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]] cha nchi. Kisiwa hiki kilianza kuwa na watu wanaozungumza lugha za Kiaustronesia karibu mwaka 500 BK, na baadaye kulifuata uhamiaji kutoka Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati, na Ulaya. Madagaska baadaye ilikuwa Ufalme wa Imerina kabla ya kutawaliwa na Ufaransa mnamo 1896. Nchi ilipata uhuru wake kutoka kwa Ufaransa tarehe 26 Juni 1960, na sasa ni jamhuri ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais. Lugha rasmi ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanafuata Ukristo, mara nyingi ukiwa umechanganyika na imani za jadi. Uchumi wa Madagaska unategemea sana kilimo, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku vanilla na karafuu zikiwa miongoni mwa mazao yanayouzwa nje. Hata hivyo, nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, umaskini, na uharibifu wa mazingira. == Jina == [[Jina]] Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na [[lugha]] ya wenyeji, [[Wamalagasi]] ambao waongea [[Kimalagasi]]. == Jiografia == {{main|Mikoa ya Madagaska|Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska}} Kisiwa chenyewe ni [[Orodha ya visiwa duniani|cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani]]. Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka [[India]] miaka [[milioni]] 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila [[watu]] hadi [[karne ya 5]] hivi [[BK]]. == Ekolojia == Kisiwa hicho ni pia [[mazingira]] makubwa ya aina ya [[violezo]] ambayo ni [[asilimia]] 5 ya violezo vyote vya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] vya [[dunia]] nzima. Asilimia 90 ya [[viumbehai]] asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya [[kima]] awali wanaoitwa [[lemuri]], [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] ambao waambukiza [[ugonjwa]] na [[mti]] wa [[mbuyu]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Madagaska}} [[Picha:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mfalme [[Andrianampoinimerina]] ([[1787]]-[[1810]]).]] [[Picha:Merina Kingdom flag.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] [[Picha:Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg|thumb|Nembo ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na [[binadamu]]. Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya [[Indonesia]] (kama mwaka [[350]]-[[550]] [[BK]]). Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka [[bara]] la Afrika (mwaka [[1000]] hivi) na wengineo ([[Waarabu]], [[Wahindi]], [[Wazungu]], [[Wachina]] n.k.). Kuanzia mwaka [[1787]] hadi mwaka [[1897]] kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya [[Ufalme wa Merina]]. Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka [[familia]] ya [[Andrianampoinimerina]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[taifa]] hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika [[kabila]] la [[Wamerina]] Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika [[nyanda za juu|uwanda wa juu]] wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini. [[Wamerina]] walikuwa na [[makao makuu]] ya utawala wao [[Antananarivo]]; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa [[Ambohimanga]] lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho. Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza [[lugha]] moja na yalikuwa na [[mila]] na [[desturi]] zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga [[umoja]] wa [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] uliowafanya wawe [[jamii]] moja kimsingi. Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa [[koloni]] la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa [[sera ya kuisasisha]] ya [[Bukini]] kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa [[nchi]] hiyo wa kutetea [[uhuru]] wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha [[ufalme]] huo kwa kuongeza [[utegemezi]] wake kwa [[mataifa ya kigeni]]. == Demografia == [[Picha:Religious_map_of_Madagascar%2C_2024.png|thumb|left|[[Madhehebu]] kwa [[wilaya]].]] [[File:Madagascar Kids 5 (4814978342).jpg|thumb|Mtoto wa Kimalagasi anayeonyesha kuwa na mchanganyiko wa damu.]] Mwaka [[2024]] idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kukaribia milioni 32. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa [[damu]]: [[DNA]] inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi. Kwa sasa (2017) makabila makubwa zaidi ni: Wamerina (26%), Wabetsimisaraka (15%), Wabetsileo (12%), Watsimihety (7%), Wasakalava (6%), Waantaisaka (5%), Waantandroy (5%). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni Kimalagasi. [[Lugha rasmi]] za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na [[Kifaransa]] (angalia pia [[orodha ya lugha za Madagaska]]). === Dini === Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na [[dini za jadi]] (52% hivi), [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Waprotestanti]] wakiwazidi kidogo [[Wakatoliki]]), [[Uislamu]] (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti, bila kuacha baadhi ya [[desturi]] za awali. Ndiyo sababu ni vigumu kutoa takwimu sahihi. Kadiri ya Pew Research Center, mwaka 2020 kulikuwa na Wakristo (85%), wafuasi wa dini za jadi (4.7%), Waislamu (3.1%)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Madagascar - Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092043/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>. === Utamaduni === Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na [[utamaduni]] na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last = Acquier |first = Jean-Louis |title = Architectures de Madagascar |publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Berlin |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-2-7003-1169-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ade Ajayi | first = Jacob Festus | title = General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s | publisher = UNESCO | location = Paris | year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-03917-9 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sMpMuJalFKoC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Adelaar | first = Alexander | contribution = The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence | title = Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago | editor-last = Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad | publisher = LIPI Press |location = Jakarta, Indonesia | year = 2006 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-979-26-2436-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ames | first = Glenn Joseph | title =Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = New York | year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0-313-30864-2}} * {{cite book | last1 = Auzias | first1 = Dominique | first2 =Jean-Paul | last2 = Labourdette | title = Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 | location = Paris | publisher = Petit Futé | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-2-7469-1982-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Barendse | first = R.J. | title = The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = Berlin | year = 2002| isbn = 978-0-7656-0729-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_qvq9dN8j5MC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last = Bradt |first= Hilary |title=Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84162-341-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Browning | first = Christopher R. | title = The Origins of the Final Solution | publisher = Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority | location = Jerusalem | year = 2004 | isbn = 3-540-63293-X |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=jHQdRHNdK44C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Gwyn |title=An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location = London|year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83935-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13Yt9jLuKzsC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Chapus | first1 = G.S. | last2= Mondain | first2 = G. | year = 1953 | title = Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony | publisher = Editions Diloutremer | location = Paris|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Cousins | first = William Edward | title = Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects | publisher = The Religious Tract Society | location = London | year = 1895 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=gvREAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Curtin | first = Philip D. | title = Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseempirehea0000curt | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-521-59835-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Davies | first = S.J.J.F. |contribution = Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins | title = Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia | editor-first = Michael | editor-last = Hutchins | volume = 8 |edition = 2 | publisher = Gale Group |location = Farmington Hills, MI |isbn = 0-7876-5784-0 | year = 2003}} * {{cite book | last = Deschamps | first = Hubert Jules | title = Histoire de Madagascar | publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1965 |language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = William | title = Three visits to Madagascar during&nbsp;... 1853-1854-1856 | publisher = Oxford University | location = London | year = 1859 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=nPoGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last1=Emoff |first1=Ron |year=2004 |title =Island Musics |chapter = Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song | editor-last = Dawe | editor-first = Kevin |publisher=Berg |location = New York |url=http://books.google.com/?id=owU3-pCIvyYC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-1-85973-703-3}} * {{cite book | last1= Fage | first1 = J.D. | last2= Flint| first2 = J.E. |last3=Oliver |first3=R.A. | year = 1986 | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = London | isbn = 0-521-20413-5 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BOHYn7J4YzQC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book |last=Fournet-Guérin |first=Catherine |title=Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache |publisher=Karthala Editions |location = Antananarivo, Madagascar |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-84586-869-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U_NHlyeI3mcC&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Fox | first = Leonard | title = Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 1990 | location = Lewisburg, PA | isbn = 978-0-8387-5175-6}} * {{cite book | last1 = Freeman | first1 = Joseph John |last2 = Johns |first2 = David | title = A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England | publisher = J. Snow | location = London | year = 1840 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rAMNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Frémigacci | first = Jean | chapter = Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire? | title = Histoire d'Afrique | url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse | editor-last = Chrétien | editor-first = Jean-Pierre | year = 1999 | publisher = Editions Karthala | location = Paris |isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Gallieni | first = Joseph-Simon | title = Neuf ans à Madagascar | publisher = Librairie Hachette | location = Paris | year = 1908 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AL8RAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last1 = Heale | first1 = Jay | last2 = Abdul Latif | first2 =Zawiah | title = Cultures of the World: Madagascar | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = Tarrytown, NY | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7614-3036-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PJWLCYGo2RgC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hillstrom | first1 = Kevin | last2 = Collier Hillstrom | first2 =Laurie | title = Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-57607-688-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XxIk9zTm_e8C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book| last1 = Hobbes | first1 = Joseph |last2 = Dolan| first2 = Andrew | title = World Regional Geography | publisher = Cengage Learning | location = Belmont, CA | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&printsec=frontcover | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-495-38950-7}} * {{cite book | last = Hodder | first = Ian | title = Symbolic and structural archaeology | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982 |location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dWdwiY7ziRYC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-24406-0}} * {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = David | title = The Library of Congress World War II companion | url = https://archive.org/details/libraryofcongres0000wagn | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2007 |location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-5219-5}} * {{cite book | last = Kent| first = Raymond | title = From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/frommadagascarto0000kent| publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1976 |isbn = 978-0-8371-8421-0}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kitchen | first1 = Helen A. | title = The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Praeger | year= 1962}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kull | first1 = Christian | title = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year= 2004 |isbn = 978-0-226-46141-0 |url = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246}} * {{cite book |last1 = Kusimba |first1 = Chapurukha |last2 = Odland |first2 = J. Claire |last3 = Bronson |first3 = Bennet | title = Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar | publisher = Regents of the University of California | series = Textile Series | location = Los Angeles | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-930741-95-1}} * {{cite book |last = Lehoullier |first= Sara |title=Madagascar: Travel Companion |publisher=Other Places Publishing |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-9822619-5-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QhAbnvPKaVUC&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite book | last = Middleton | first = Karen | title = Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar | publisher = Brill | location = Los Angeles |year = 1999 | isbn = 978-90-04-11289-6 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=My4B9q9FTiYC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Moriarty |first1 = H.A. | title = Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover | location = London | publisher = J. D. Potter | year= 1891}} * {{cite book | last1 = Nalla |first1 = Mahesh | title = Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa | location = Los Angeles | publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2010 |isbn = 978-0-313-35133-4}} * {{cite book | last = Ogot | first = Bethwell | title = Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century | publisher = UNESCO|location = Paris| year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&printsec=frontcover| isbn = 978-92-3-101711-7}} * {{cite book | last1 = Oliver | first1 = Roland | first2 = John Donnelly | last2 = Fage | first3 =G.N. | last3 = Sanderson | title = The Cambridge History of Africa | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 6 | year = 1985 | location = Cambridge, U.K. | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xh-QcHRG3OwC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}} * {{cite book | first = Samuel Pasfield | last = Oliver | authorlink = Samuel Pasfield Oliver | title = Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1 | place = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1886 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lKtBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Pezzotta | first = Federico | title = Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise | place = Ann Arbor, MI | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-9715371-0-1}} * {{cite book |last = Pryor |first= Frederic L. |title=The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-520823-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=0P0fDzMA5lEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rabearivelo | first1 = Jean-Joseph | title = Translated from the Night | location = Pittsburgh, PA | publisher = Lascaux Editions | year= 2007 |origyear = 1936 (translation by Robert Ziller) | isbn = 978-1-60461-552-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F-5I6QlMfJEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Rajaonarimanana | first = Narivelo | title = Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache | publisher = Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque | series = Langues INALCO | year = 2001 | location = Paris | isbn = 2-911053-79-6|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ralibera | first = Daniel | title = Madagascar et le christianisme | location = Paris| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GOeAT76TGN0C&printsec=frontcover| publisher = Editions Karthala | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-92-9028-211-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book |last=Randier |first=Jean |title=La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française |year=2006 |publisher=Babouji |location= Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise |isbn=2-35261-022-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Randrianary | first = Victor | title = Madagascar: les chants d'une île | publisher = Actes Sud |location = Paris | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ratsimbazafy | first = Ernest | editor-last = Green | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Svinth | editor2-first = Joseph | title = Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2 | contribution = Moraingy | publisher = ABC CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-59884-243-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=P-Nv_LUi6KgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Reinsch | first = Paul Samuel | title = Colonial Administration | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | year = 1905 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bfsmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rodd | first1 = Tony |last2 = Stackhouse |first2 = Jennifer | title = Trees: A Visual Guide | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-520-25650-7}} * {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites | publisher = McFarland | location = Jefferson, NC | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-7864-2248-7 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Sharp | first = Leslie | title = The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5IFbKsKxYQYC&printsec=frontcover | location = Berkeley, CA |publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0-520-22951-8}} * {{cite book|last=Shillington|first= Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|location = New York | year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-453-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Strakes | first = Jason | contribution = Armed Forces of the People | year = 2006 | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world | editor-last = Leonard | editor-first = Thomas M. | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-57958-388-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Thompson | first1 = Virginia | last2= Adloff | first2 = Richard | year = 1965 | title = The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today | url= https://archive.org/details/malagasyrepublic0000thom | publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 978-0-8047-0279-9 | location = San Francisco, CA}} * {{cite book | last = Uwechue | first = Raph | title = Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1 | publisher = Africa Books Ltd | location = Dearborne, MI | year = 1981 |isbn = 978-0-903274-14-2}} * {{cite book |last=Van Den Boogaerde |first=Pierre|title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |year=2008 |publisher=AEG Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=I_S1D8cnTiEC&pg=PT19 }} * {{cite book |last = Wink|first = André |title = Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries |publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, The Netherlands |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-90-04-13561-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&printsec=frontcover}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Madagascar}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13861843 Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|ma|Madagascar}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Madagascar}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm |date=20120829212249 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Madagascar}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MG Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar] from [[International Futures]] {{Coord|20|S|47|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Madagaska|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 7fcgdbxr1m3g2bmrg8v7q9sc5slmdzq 1579213 1579212 2026-07-12T14:30:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Madagaska | jina_asili = ''Repoblikan’i Madagasikara'' (Malagasy) <br> ''République de Madagascar'' (Kifaransa) | bendera = File:Flag of Madagascar.svg | nembo = File:Seal of Madagascar.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana'' <br> (''Love, Fatherland, Progress'') | wimbo = ''Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!'' | ramani = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = Antananarivo | lugha_rasmi = Malagasy, Kifaransa | mwaka_kabila = 2017 | kabila = {{plainlist| *Wamerina *Wabetsimisaraka *Wabetsileo *Watsimihety *Wasakalava *Waantaisaka *Waantandroy *Makabila Mengine }} | serikali = Utawala wa kijeshi | kiongozi1 = [[Michael Randrianirina]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mamitiana Rajaonarison]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Madagascar | tukio2 = Koloni la Kifaransa | tukio3 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 16 | tukio2_tarehe = 6 Agosti 1896 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Juni 1960 | eneo_jumla = 592,796 km² | cheo_eneo = 46 | maji = 0.9% | watu_kadirio = 31,964,956 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 55/km² | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $56.754 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,906 | plt = {{increase}} $15.763 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $529 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.487 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | gini = {{decrease}} 42.6 | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Ariary]] (MGA) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = 261 | tld = .mg }} [[Picha:Madagascar-carte.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Ramani]] ya Madagaska.]] '''Madagaska''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Madagaska''') ni [[nchi]] ya [[kisiwa]] iliyoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban [[kilomita]] 400 ([[maili]] 250) kutoka pwani ya kusini-mashariki mwa [[Afrika]]. Ni kisiwa cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani, kikiwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 592,796 (maili za mraba 228,880). Nchi hii inajulikana kwa [[viumbehai]] wake wa pekee, ambapo zaidi ya 90[[%]] ya [[wanyama]] na [[mmea|mimea]] yake hupatikana tu huko. Madagaska ina mifumo mbalimbali ya [[ekolojia]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[misitu]] ya mvua, misitu mikavu ya majani yanayopukutika, na maeneo ya miiba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya viumbehai duniani. [[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa zaidi, [[Antananarivo]], ni kitovu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]], ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]] cha nchi. Kisiwa hiki kilianza kuwa na watu wanaozungumza lugha za Kiaustronesia karibu mwaka 500 BK, na baadaye kulifuata uhamiaji kutoka Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati, na Ulaya. Madagaska baadaye ilikuwa Ufalme wa Imerina kabla ya kutawaliwa na Ufaransa mnamo 1896. Nchi ilipata uhuru wake kutoka kwa Ufaransa tarehe 26 Juni 1960, na sasa ni jamhuri ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais. Lugha rasmi ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanafuata Ukristo, mara nyingi ukiwa umechanganyika na imani za jadi. Uchumi wa Madagaska unategemea sana kilimo, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku vanilla na karafuu zikiwa miongoni mwa mazao yanayouzwa nje. Hata hivyo, nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, umaskini, na uharibifu wa mazingira. == Jina == [[Jina]] Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na [[lugha]] ya wenyeji, [[Wamalagasi]] ambao waongea [[Kimalagasi]]. == Jiografia == {{main|Mikoa ya Madagaska|Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska}} Kisiwa chenyewe ni [[Orodha ya visiwa duniani|cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani]]. Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka [[India]] miaka [[milioni]] 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila [[watu]] hadi [[karne ya 5]] hivi [[BK]]. == Ekolojia == Kisiwa hicho ni pia [[mazingira]] makubwa ya aina ya [[violezo]] ambayo ni [[asilimia]] 5 ya violezo vyote vya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] vya [[dunia]] nzima. Asilimia 90 ya [[viumbehai]] asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya [[kima]] awali wanaoitwa [[lemuri]], [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] ambao waambukiza [[ugonjwa]] na [[mti]] wa [[mbuyu]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Madagaska}} [[Picha:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mfalme [[Andrianampoinimerina]] ([[1787]]-[[1810]]).]] [[Picha:Religious_map_of_Madagascar%2C_2024.png|thumb|left|[[Madhehebu]] kwa [[wilaya]].]] [[Picha:Merina Kingdom flag.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] [[Picha:Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg|thumb|Nembo ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na [[binadamu]]. Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya [[Indonesia]] (kama mwaka [[350]]-[[550]] [[BK]]). Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka [[bara]] la Afrika (mwaka [[1000]] hivi) na wengineo ([[Waarabu]], [[Wahindi]], [[Wazungu]], [[Wachina]] n.k.). Kuanzia mwaka [[1787]] hadi mwaka [[1897]] kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya [[Ufalme wa Merina]]. Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka [[familia]] ya [[Andrianampoinimerina]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[taifa]] hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika [[kabila]] la [[Wamerina]] Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika [[nyanda za juu|uwanda wa juu]] wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini. [[Wamerina]] walikuwa na [[makao makuu]] ya utawala wao [[Antananarivo]]; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa [[Ambohimanga]] lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho. Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza [[lugha]] moja na yalikuwa na [[mila]] na [[desturi]] zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga [[umoja]] wa [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] uliowafanya wawe [[jamii]] moja kimsingi. Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa [[koloni]] la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa [[sera ya kuisasisha]] ya [[Bukini]] kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa [[nchi]] hiyo wa kutetea [[uhuru]] wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha [[ufalme]] huo kwa kuongeza [[utegemezi]] wake kwa [[mataifa ya kigeni]]. == Demografia == [[File:Madagascar Kids 5 (4814978342).jpg|thumb|Mtoto wa Kimalagasi anayeonyesha kuwa na mchanganyiko wa damu.]] Mwaka [[2024]] idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kukaribia milioni 32. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa [[damu]]: [[DNA]] inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi. Kwa sasa (2017) makabila makubwa zaidi ni: Wamerina (26%), Wabetsimisaraka (15%), Wabetsileo (12%), Watsimihety (7%), Wasakalava (6%), Waantaisaka (5%), Waantandroy (5%). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni Kimalagasi. [[Lugha rasmi]] za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na [[Kifaransa]] (angalia pia [[orodha ya lugha za Madagaska]]). === Dini === Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na [[dini za jadi]] (52% hivi), [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Waprotestanti]] wakiwazidi kidogo [[Wakatoliki]]), [[Uislamu]] (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti, bila kuacha baadhi ya [[desturi]] za awali. Ndiyo sababu ni vigumu kutoa takwimu sahihi. Kadiri ya Pew Research Center, mwaka 2020 kulikuwa na Wakristo (85%), wafuasi wa dini za jadi (4.7%), Waislamu (3.1%)<ref>{{Cite web | title=Madagascar - Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092043/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>. === Utamaduni === Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na [[utamaduni]] na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last = Acquier |first = Jean-Louis |title = Architectures de Madagascar |publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Berlin |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-2-7003-1169-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ade Ajayi | first = Jacob Festus | title = General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s | publisher = UNESCO | location = Paris | year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-03917-9 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sMpMuJalFKoC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Adelaar | first = Alexander | contribution = The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence | title = Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago | editor-last = Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad | publisher = LIPI Press |location = Jakarta, Indonesia | year = 2006 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-979-26-2436-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ames | first = Glenn Joseph | title =Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = New York | year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0-313-30864-2}} * {{cite book | last1 = Auzias | first1 = Dominique | first2 =Jean-Paul | last2 = Labourdette | title = Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 | location = Paris | publisher = Petit Futé | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-2-7469-1982-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Barendse | first = R.J. | title = The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = Berlin | year = 2002| isbn = 978-0-7656-0729-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_qvq9dN8j5MC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last = Bradt |first= Hilary |title=Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84162-341-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Browning | first = Christopher R. | title = The Origins of the Final Solution | publisher = Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority | location = Jerusalem | year = 2004 | isbn = 3-540-63293-X |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=jHQdRHNdK44C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Gwyn |title=An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location = London|year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83935-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13Yt9jLuKzsC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Chapus | first1 = G.S. | last2= Mondain | first2 = G. | year = 1953 | title = Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony | publisher = Editions Diloutremer | location = Paris|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Cousins | first = William Edward | title = Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects | publisher = The Religious Tract Society | location = London | year = 1895 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=gvREAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Curtin | first = Philip D. | title = Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseempirehea0000curt | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-521-59835-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Davies | first = S.J.J.F. |contribution = Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins | title = Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia | editor-first = Michael | editor-last = Hutchins | volume = 8 |edition = 2 | publisher = Gale Group |location = Farmington Hills, MI |isbn = 0-7876-5784-0 | year = 2003}} * {{cite book | last = Deschamps | first = Hubert Jules | title = Histoire de Madagascar | publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1965 |language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = William | title = Three visits to Madagascar during&nbsp;... 1853-1854-1856 | publisher = Oxford University | location = London | year = 1859 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=nPoGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last1=Emoff |first1=Ron |year=2004 |title =Island Musics |chapter = Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song | editor-last = Dawe | editor-first = Kevin |publisher=Berg |location = New York |url=http://books.google.com/?id=owU3-pCIvyYC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-1-85973-703-3}} * {{cite book | last1= Fage | first1 = J.D. | last2= Flint| first2 = J.E. |last3=Oliver |first3=R.A. | year = 1986 | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = London | isbn = 0-521-20413-5 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BOHYn7J4YzQC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book |last=Fournet-Guérin |first=Catherine |title=Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache |publisher=Karthala Editions |location = Antananarivo, Madagascar |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-84586-869-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U_NHlyeI3mcC&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Fox | first = Leonard | title = Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 1990 | location = Lewisburg, PA | isbn = 978-0-8387-5175-6}} * {{cite book | last1 = Freeman | first1 = Joseph John |last2 = Johns |first2 = David | title = A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England | publisher = J. Snow | location = London | year = 1840 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rAMNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Frémigacci | first = Jean | chapter = Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire? | title = Histoire d'Afrique | url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse | editor-last = Chrétien | editor-first = Jean-Pierre | year = 1999 | publisher = Editions Karthala | location = Paris |isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Gallieni | first = Joseph-Simon | title = Neuf ans à Madagascar | publisher = Librairie Hachette | location = Paris | year = 1908 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AL8RAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last1 = Heale | first1 = Jay | last2 = Abdul Latif | first2 =Zawiah | title = Cultures of the World: Madagascar | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = Tarrytown, NY | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7614-3036-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PJWLCYGo2RgC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hillstrom | first1 = Kevin | last2 = Collier Hillstrom | first2 =Laurie | title = Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-57607-688-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XxIk9zTm_e8C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book| last1 = Hobbes | first1 = Joseph |last2 = Dolan| first2 = Andrew | title = World Regional Geography | publisher = Cengage Learning | location = Belmont, CA | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&printsec=frontcover | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-495-38950-7}} * {{cite book | last = Hodder | first = Ian | title = Symbolic and structural archaeology | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982 |location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dWdwiY7ziRYC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-24406-0}} * {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = David | title = The Library of Congress World War II companion | url = https://archive.org/details/libraryofcongres0000wagn | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2007 |location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-5219-5}} * {{cite book | last = Kent| first = Raymond | title = From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/frommadagascarto0000kent| publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1976 |isbn = 978-0-8371-8421-0}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kitchen | first1 = Helen A. | title = The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Praeger | year= 1962}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kull | first1 = Christian | title = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year= 2004 |isbn = 978-0-226-46141-0 |url = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246}} * {{cite book |last1 = Kusimba |first1 = Chapurukha |last2 = Odland |first2 = J. Claire |last3 = Bronson |first3 = Bennet | title = Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar | publisher = Regents of the University of California | series = Textile Series | location = Los Angeles | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-930741-95-1}} * {{cite book |last = Lehoullier |first= Sara |title=Madagascar: Travel Companion |publisher=Other Places Publishing |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-9822619-5-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QhAbnvPKaVUC&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite book | last = Middleton | first = Karen | title = Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar | publisher = Brill | location = Los Angeles |year = 1999 | isbn = 978-90-04-11289-6 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=My4B9q9FTiYC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Moriarty |first1 = H.A. | title = Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover | location = London | publisher = J. D. Potter | year= 1891}} * {{cite book | last1 = Nalla |first1 = Mahesh | title = Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa | location = Los Angeles | publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2010 |isbn = 978-0-313-35133-4}} * {{cite book | last = Ogot | first = Bethwell | title = Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century | publisher = UNESCO|location = Paris| year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&printsec=frontcover| isbn = 978-92-3-101711-7}} * {{cite book | last1 = Oliver | first1 = Roland | first2 = John Donnelly | last2 = Fage | first3 =G.N. | last3 = Sanderson | title = The Cambridge History of Africa | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 6 | year = 1985 | location = Cambridge, U.K. | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xh-QcHRG3OwC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}} * {{cite book | first = Samuel Pasfield | last = Oliver | authorlink = Samuel Pasfield Oliver | title = Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1 | place = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1886 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lKtBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Pezzotta | first = Federico | title = Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise | place = Ann Arbor, MI | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-9715371-0-1}} * {{cite book |last = Pryor |first= Frederic L. |title=The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-520823-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=0P0fDzMA5lEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rabearivelo | first1 = Jean-Joseph | title = Translated from the Night | location = Pittsburgh, PA | publisher = Lascaux Editions | year= 2007 |origyear = 1936 (translation by Robert Ziller) | isbn = 978-1-60461-552-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F-5I6QlMfJEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Rajaonarimanana | first = Narivelo | title = Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache | publisher = Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque | series = Langues INALCO | year = 2001 | location = Paris | isbn = 2-911053-79-6|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ralibera | first = Daniel | title = Madagascar et le christianisme | location = Paris| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GOeAT76TGN0C&printsec=frontcover| publisher = Editions Karthala | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-92-9028-211-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book |last=Randier |first=Jean |title=La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française |year=2006 |publisher=Babouji |location= Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise |isbn=2-35261-022-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Randrianary | first = Victor | title = Madagascar: les chants d'une île | publisher = Actes Sud |location = Paris | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ratsimbazafy | first = Ernest | editor-last = Green | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Svinth | editor2-first = Joseph | title = Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2 | contribution = Moraingy | publisher = ABC CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-59884-243-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=P-Nv_LUi6KgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Reinsch | first = Paul Samuel | title = Colonial Administration | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | year = 1905 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bfsmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rodd | first1 = Tony |last2 = Stackhouse |first2 = Jennifer | title = Trees: A Visual Guide | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-520-25650-7}} * {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites | publisher = McFarland | location = Jefferson, NC | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-7864-2248-7 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Sharp | first = Leslie | title = The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5IFbKsKxYQYC&printsec=frontcover | location = Berkeley, CA |publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0-520-22951-8}} * {{cite book|last=Shillington|first= Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|location = New York | year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-453-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Strakes | first = Jason | contribution = Armed Forces of the People | year = 2006 | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world | editor-last = Leonard | editor-first = Thomas M. | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-57958-388-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Thompson | first1 = Virginia | last2= Adloff | first2 = Richard | year = 1965 | title = The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today | url= https://archive.org/details/malagasyrepublic0000thom | publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 978-0-8047-0279-9 | location = San Francisco, CA}} * {{cite book | last = Uwechue | first = Raph | title = Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1 | publisher = Africa Books Ltd | location = Dearborne, MI | year = 1981 |isbn = 978-0-903274-14-2}} * {{cite book |last=Van Den Boogaerde |first=Pierre|title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |year=2008 |publisher=AEG Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=I_S1D8cnTiEC&pg=PT19 }} * {{cite book |last = Wink|first = André |title = Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries |publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, The Netherlands |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-90-04-13561-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&printsec=frontcover}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Madagascar}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13861843 Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|ma|Madagascar}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Madagascar}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm |date=20120829212249 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Madagascar}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MG Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar] from [[International Futures]] {{Coord|20|S|47|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Madagaska|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] hgvs307cxvwe7auh34bbeqeyg46rpz5 1579215 1579213 2026-07-12T15:25:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1579215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Madagaska | jina_asili = ''Repoblikan’i Madagasikara'' (Malagasy) <br> ''République de Madagascar'' (Kifaransa) | bendera = File:Flag of Madagascar.svg | nembo = File:Seal of Madagascar.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana'' <br> (''Love, Fatherland, Progress'') | wimbo = ''Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!'' | ramani = Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg | miji_mikuu = Antananarivo | lugha_rasmi = Malagasy, Kifaransa | mwaka_kabila = 2017 | kabila = {{plainlist| *Wamerina *Wabetsimisaraka *Wabetsileo *Watsimihety *Wasakalava *Waantaisaka *Waantandroy *Makabila Mengine }} | serikali = Utawala wa kijeshi | kiongozi1 = [[Michael Randrianirina]] | kiongozi2 = [[Mamitiana Rajaonarison]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Madagascar | tukio2 = Koloni la Kifaransa | tukio3 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 16 | tukio2_tarehe = 6 Agosti 1896 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Juni 1960 | eneo_jumla = 592,796 km² | cheo_eneo = 46 | maji = 0.9% | watu_kadirio = 31,964,956 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 55/km² | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $56.754 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,906 | plt = {{increase}} $15.763 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $529 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.487 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | gini = {{decrease}} 42.6 | mwaka_gini = 2012 | fedha = [[Ariary]] (MGA) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = 261 | tld = .mg }} [[Picha:Madagascar-carte.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Ramani]] ya Madagaska.]] '''Madagaska''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Madagaska''') ni [[nchi]] ya [[kisiwa]] iliyoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban [[kilomita]] 400 ([[maili]] 250) kutoka pwani ya kusini-mashariki mwa [[Afrika]]. Ni kisiwa cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani, kikiwa na eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 592,796 (maili za mraba 228,880). Nchi hii inajulikana kwa [[viumbehai]] wake wa pekee, ambapo zaidi ya 90[[%]] ya [[wanyama]] na [[mmea|mimea]] yake hupatikana tu huko. Madagaska ina mifumo mbalimbali ya [[ekolojia]], ikiwa ni pamoja na [[misitu]] ya mvua, misitu mikavu ya majani yanayopukutika, na maeneo ya miiba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya viumbehai duniani. [[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa zaidi, [[Antananarivo]], ni kitovu cha [[siasa|kisiasa]], ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], na ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]] cha nchi. Kisiwa hiki kilianza kuwa na watu wanaozungumza lugha za Kiaustronesia karibu mwaka 500 BK, na baadaye kulifuata uhamiaji kutoka Afrika, Mashariki ya Kati, na Ulaya. Madagaska baadaye ilikuwa Ufalme wa Imerina kabla ya kutawaliwa na Ufaransa mnamo 1896. Nchi ilipata uhuru wake kutoka kwa Ufaransa tarehe 26 Juni 1960, na sasa ni jamhuri ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais. Lugha rasmi ni Kimalagasi na Kifaransa, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanafuata Ukristo, mara nyingi ukiwa umechanganyika na imani za jadi. Uchumi wa Madagaska unategemea sana kilimo, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku vanilla na karafuu zikiwa miongoni mwa mazao yanayouzwa nje. Hata hivyo, nchi inakabiliwa na changamoto kama vile ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, umaskini, na uharibifu wa mazingira. == Jina == [[Jina]] Madagaska lina maana ya "Kisiwa kikubwa" na linatokana na [[lugha]] ya wenyeji, [[Wamalagasi]] ambao waongea [[Kimalagasi]]. == Jiografia == {{main|Mikoa ya Madagaska|Orodha ya miji ya Madagaska}} Kisiwa chenyewe ni [[Orodha ya visiwa duniani|cha nne kwa ukubwa duniani]]. Upekee wa kisiwa unatokana na kwamba kilimeguka kutoka [[India]] miaka [[milioni]] 88 hivi iliyopita, halafu kilibaki bila [[watu]] hadi [[karne ya 5]] hivi [[BK]]. == Ekolojia == Kisiwa hicho ni pia [[mazingira]] makubwa ya aina ya [[violezo]] ambayo ni [[asilimia]] 5 ya violezo vyote vya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] vya [[dunia]] nzima. Asilimia 90 ya [[viumbehai]] asili ni maalumu wa Madagaska, kama vile wanyama aina ya [[kima]] awali wanaoitwa [[lemuri]], [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]] ambao waambukiza [[ugonjwa]] na [[mti]] wa [[mbuyu]]. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Madagaska}} [[Picha:Andrianampoinimerina.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mfalme [[Andrianampoinimerina]] ([[1787]]-[[1810]]).]] [[Picha:Religious_map_of_Madagascar%2C_2024.png|thumb|left|[[Madhehebu]] kwa [[wilaya]].]] [[Picha:Merina Kingdom flag.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] [[Picha:Coat of arms of the Merina Kingdom.svg|thumb|Nembo ya Ufalme wa Merina.]] Madagaska ni kati ya maeneo ya mwisho kufikiwa na kukaliwa na [[binadamu]]. Wa kwanza kufika walitokea visiwa vya [[Indonesia]] (kama mwaka [[350]]-[[550]] [[BK]]). Baadaye tu walihamia watu kutoka [[bara]] la Afrika (mwaka [[1000]] hivi) na wengineo ([[Waarabu]], [[Wahindi]], [[Wazungu]], [[Wachina]] n.k.). Kuanzia mwaka [[1787]] hadi mwaka [[1897]] kisiwa kilizidi kuunganishwa kisiasa chini ya [[Ufalme wa Merina]]. Watawala walikuwa watu kutoka [[familia]] ya [[Andrianampoinimerina]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[taifa]] hilo, ambaye alikuwa ametokea katika [[kabila]] la [[Wamerina]] Kabila hilo lilikuwa kubwa na muhimu kuliko yote 18 ya kisiwa hicho. Makazi yake yalikuwa katika [[nyanda za juu|uwanda wa juu]] wa kati lakini lilienea sehemu kubwa ya Bukini. [[Wamerina]] walikuwa na [[makao makuu]] ya utawala wao [[Antananarivo]]; baada ya kugawiwa kwa ufalme wao mnamo 1710 kitovu cha malaka kati ya Wamerina ikahamia kwenye mlima wa [[Ambohimanga]] lakini tangu kuunganishwa kwa Wamerina mnamo 1794 mji mkuu ukulikuwa tena Atananarivo. Kutoka hapo waliweza kueneza mamlaka yao katika sehemu nyingine za kisiwa hicho. Makabila yote ya wenyeji yalizungumza [[lugha]] moja na yalikuwa na [[mila]] na [[desturi]] zinazofanana, hivyo yaliweza kujenga [[umoja]] wa [[utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] uliowafanya wawe [[jamii]] moja kimsingi. Watawala hao wa kifalme waliweza kutekeleza mambo mbalimbali kuendeleza Bukini katika vipindi vyao kabla ya kuja kwa wageni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] ambao kwa kiasi fulani ulidhoofisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Kisiwa hicho hatimaye kiligeuzwa kuwa [[koloni]] la Ufaransa. Hii ni kwa kuwa, ingawa [[sera ya kuisasisha]] ya [[Bukini]] kwa namna fulani iliimarisha uwezo wa [[nchi]] hiyo wa kutetea [[uhuru]] wake, lakini kwa ujumla sera hiyo ilidhoofisha [[ufalme]] huo kwa kuongeza [[utegemezi]] wake kwa [[mataifa ya kigeni]]. == Demografia == [[File:Madagascar Kids 5 (4814978342).jpg|thumb|Mtoto wa Kimalagasi anayeonyesha kuwa na mchanganyiko wa damu.]] Mwaka [[2024]] idadi ya wakazi ilikadiriwa kukaribia milioni 32. Wenyeji wengi wana mchanganyiko wa [[damu]]: [[DNA]] inaonyesha kuwa wakazi wa kwanza kutoka Indonesia wameichangia asilimia 50 hivi na Waafrika vilevile. Wanaoishi sehemu za ndani ni wa Kiindonesia zaidi, wakati wale wa pwani ni wa Kiafrika zaidi. Kwa sasa (2017) makabila makubwa zaidi ni: Wamerina (26%), Wabetsimisaraka (15%), Wabetsileo (12%), Watsimihety (7%), Wasakalava (6%), Waantaisaka (5%), Waantandroy (5%). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni Kimalagasi. [[Lugha rasmi]] za Madagaska ni Kimalagasi na [[Kifaransa]] (angalia pia [[orodha ya lugha za Madagaska]]). === Dini === Mwaka 1993 nchini Madagaska kulikuwa na [[dini za jadi]] (52% hivi), [[Ukristo]] (41%, [[Waprotestanti]] wakiwazidi kidogo [[Wakatoliki]]), [[Uislamu]] (7% hivi) n.k. Tangu hapo wafuasi wengi wa dini za jadi wameongokea Ukristo, hasa wa Kiprotestanti, bila kuacha baadhi ya [[desturi]] za awali. Ndiyo sababu ni vigumu kutoa takwimu sahihi. Kadiri ya Pew Research Center, mwaka 2020 kulikuwa na Wakristo (85%), wafuasi wa dini za jadi (4.7%), Waislamu (3.1%)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti | title=Madagascar - Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123092043/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/madagascar#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | access-date=2025-08-01 | archive-date=23 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>. === Utamaduni === Pamoja na kutokea mazingira tofauti sana, Wamalagasi wamechanganyikana sana na kuwa na [[utamaduni]] na lugha aina moja, ya Kiindonesia zaidi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last = Acquier |first = Jean-Louis |title = Architectures de Madagascar |publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Berlin |year = 1997 |isbn = 978-2-7003-1169-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ade Ajayi | first = Jacob Festus | title = General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s | publisher = UNESCO | location = Paris | year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-03917-9 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=sMpMuJalFKoC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Adelaar | first = Alexander | contribution = The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence | title = Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonesian archipelago | editor-last = Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad | publisher = LIPI Press |location = Jakarta, Indonesia | year = 2006 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Szvr5hUtD5kC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-979-26-2436-6}} * {{cite book | last = Ames | first = Glenn Joseph | title =Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | location = New York | year = 2003 |isbn = 978-0-313-30864-2}} * {{cite book | last1 = Auzias | first1 = Dominique | first2 =Jean-Paul | last2 = Labourdette | title = Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 | location = Paris | publisher = Petit Futé | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-2-7469-1982-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Barendse | first = R.J. | title = The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century | publisher = M.E. Sharpe | location = Berlin | year = 2002| isbn = 978-0-7656-0729-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=_qvq9dN8j5MC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last = Bradt |first= Hilary |title=Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84162-341-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Browning | first = Christopher R. | title = The Origins of the Final Solution | publisher = Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority | location = Jerusalem | year = 2004 | isbn = 3-540-63293-X |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=jHQdRHNdK44C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Gwyn |title=An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location = London|year=2005 |isbn=0-521-83935-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13Yt9jLuKzsC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Chapus | first1 = G.S. | last2= Mondain | first2 = G. | year = 1953 | title = Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony | publisher = Editions Diloutremer | location = Paris|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Cousins | first = William Edward | title = Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects | publisher = The Religious Tract Society | location = London | year = 1895 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=gvREAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Curtin | first = Philip D. | title = Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/diseaseempirehea0000curt | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1998 | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-521-59835-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Davies | first = S.J.J.F. |contribution = Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins | title = Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia | editor-first = Michael | editor-last = Hutchins | volume = 8 |edition = 2 | publisher = Gale Group |location = Farmington Hills, MI |isbn = 0-7876-5784-0 | year = 2003}} * {{cite book | last = Deschamps | first = Hubert Jules | title = Histoire de Madagascar | publisher = Berger-Levrault | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1965 |language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ellis | first = William | title = Three visits to Madagascar during&nbsp;... 1853-1854-1856 | publisher = Oxford University | location = London | year = 1859 |url = http://books.google.com/?id=nPoGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |last1=Emoff |first1=Ron |year=2004 |title =Island Musics |chapter = Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song | editor-last = Dawe | editor-first = Kevin |publisher=Berg |location = New York |url=http://books.google.com/?id=owU3-pCIvyYC&printsec=frontcover |isbn = 978-1-85973-703-3}} * {{cite book | last1= Fage | first1 = J.D. | last2= Flint| first2 = J.E. |last3=Oliver |first3=R.A. | year = 1986 | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = London | isbn = 0-521-20413-5 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=BOHYn7J4YzQC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book |last=Fournet-Guérin |first=Catherine |title=Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache |publisher=Karthala Editions |location = Antananarivo, Madagascar |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-84586-869-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U_NHlyeI3mcC&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Fox | first = Leonard | title = Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 1990 | location = Lewisburg, PA | isbn = 978-0-8387-5175-6}} * {{cite book | last1 = Freeman | first1 = Joseph John |last2 = Johns |first2 = David | title = A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England | publisher = J. Snow | location = London | year = 1840 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rAMNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Frémigacci | first = Jean | chapter = Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire? | title = Histoire d'Afrique | url = https://archive.org/details/histoiredafrique0000unse | editor-last = Chrétien | editor-first = Jean-Pierre | year = 1999 | publisher = Editions Karthala | location = Paris |isbn = 978-2-86537-904-0|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Gallieni | first = Joseph-Simon | title = Neuf ans à Madagascar | publisher = Librairie Hachette | location = Paris | year = 1908 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=AL8RAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last1 = Heale | first1 = Jay | last2 = Abdul Latif | first2 =Zawiah | title = Cultures of the World: Madagascar | publisher = Marshall Cavendish | location = Tarrytown, NY | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-7614-3036-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PJWLCYGo2RgC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hillstrom | first1 = Kevin | last2 = Collier Hillstrom | first2 =Laurie | title = Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-57607-688-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XxIk9zTm_e8C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book| last1 = Hobbes | first1 = Joseph |last2 = Dolan| first2 = Andrew | title = World Regional Geography | publisher = Cengage Learning | location = Belmont, CA | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yAgGHnENHjoC&printsec=frontcover | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-495-38950-7}} * {{cite book | last = Hodder | first = Ian | title = Symbolic and structural archaeology | publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1982 |location = New York | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dWdwiY7ziRYC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-24406-0}} * {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = David | title = The Library of Congress World War II companion | url = https://archive.org/details/libraryofcongres0000wagn | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2007 |location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-5219-5}} * {{cite book | last = Kent| first = Raymond | title = From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/frommadagascarto0000kent| publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Ann Arbor, MI | year = 1976 |isbn = 978-0-8371-8421-0}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kitchen | first1 = Helen A. | title = The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Praeger | year= 1962}} * {{cite book | last1 = Kull | first1 = Christian | title = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246 | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year= 2004 |isbn = 978-0-226-46141-0 |url = Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246}} * {{cite book |last1 = Kusimba |first1 = Chapurukha |last2 = Odland |first2 = J. Claire |last3 = Bronson |first3 = Bennet | title = Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar | publisher = Regents of the University of California | series = Textile Series | location = Los Angeles | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-930741-95-1}} * {{cite book |last = Lehoullier |first= Sara |title=Madagascar: Travel Companion |publisher=Other Places Publishing |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-9822619-5-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=QhAbnvPKaVUC&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite book | last = Middleton | first = Karen | title = Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar | publisher = Brill | location = Los Angeles |year = 1999 | isbn = 978-90-04-11289-6 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=My4B9q9FTiYC&printsec=frontcover }} * {{cite book | last1 = Moriarty |first1 = H.A. | title = Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover | location = London | publisher = J. D. Potter | year= 1891}} * {{cite book | last1 = Nalla |first1 = Mahesh | title = Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa | location = Los Angeles | publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2010 |isbn = 978-0-313-35133-4}} * {{cite book | last = Ogot | first = Bethwell | title = Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century | publisher = UNESCO|location = Paris| year = 1992 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&printsec=frontcover| isbn = 978-92-3-101711-7}} * {{cite book | last1 = Oliver | first1 = Roland | first2 = John Donnelly | last2 = Fage | first3 =G.N. | last3 = Sanderson | title = The Cambridge History of Africa | publisher = Cambridge University Press | volume = 6 | year = 1985 | location = Cambridge, U.K. | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xh-QcHRG3OwC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-521-22803-9}} * {{cite book | first = Samuel Pasfield | last = Oliver | authorlink = Samuel Pasfield Oliver | title = Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1 | place = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1886 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lKtBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Pezzotta | first = Federico | title = Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise | place = Ann Arbor, MI | publisher = University of Michigan | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-9715371-0-1}} * {{cite book |last = Pryor |first= Frederic L. |title=The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar |publisher=World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-19-520823-8 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=0P0fDzMA5lEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rabearivelo | first1 = Jean-Joseph | title = Translated from the Night | location = Pittsburgh, PA | publisher = Lascaux Editions | year= 2007 |origyear = 1936 (translation by Robert Ziller) | isbn = 978-1-60461-552-4 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=F-5I6QlMfJEC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Rajaonarimanana | first = Narivelo | title = Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache | publisher = Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque | series = Langues INALCO | year = 2001 | location = Paris | isbn = 2-911053-79-6|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ralibera | first = Daniel | title = Madagascar et le christianisme | location = Paris| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=GOeAT76TGN0C&printsec=frontcover| publisher = Editions Karthala | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-92-9028-211-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book |last=Randier |first=Jean |title=La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française |year=2006 |publisher=Babouji |location= Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise |isbn=2-35261-022-2|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Randrianary | first = Victor | title = Madagascar: les chants d'une île | publisher = Actes Sud |location = Paris | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}} * {{cite book | last = Ratsimbazafy | first = Ernest | editor-last = Green | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Svinth | editor2-first = Joseph | title = Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2 | contribution = Moraingy | publisher = ABC CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-59884-243-2 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=P-Nv_LUi6KgC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Reinsch | first = Paul Samuel | title = Colonial Administration | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | year = 1905 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bfsmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1 = Rodd | first1 = Tony |last2 = Stackhouse |first2 = Jennifer | title = Trees: A Visual Guide | publisher = University of California Press | location = Los Angeles | year = 2008 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&printsec=frontcover | isbn = 978-0-520-25650-7}} * {{cite book | last = Room | first = Adrian | title = Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites | publisher = McFarland | location = Jefferson, NC | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-7864-2248-7 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last = Sharp | first = Leslie | title = The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5IFbKsKxYQYC&printsec=frontcover | location = Berkeley, CA |publisher = University of California Press | year = 2002 |isbn = 978-0-520-22951-8}} * {{cite book|last=Shillington|first= Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|location = New York | year=2005 |isbn=1-57958-453-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Strakes | first = Jason | contribution = Armed Forces of the People | year = 2006 | title = Encyclopedia of the developing world | editor-last = Leonard | editor-first = Thomas M. | volume = 1 | place = New York | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-1-57958-388-0 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book | last1= Thompson | first1 = Virginia | last2= Adloff | first2 = Richard | year = 1965 | title = The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today | url= https://archive.org/details/malagasyrepublic0000thom | publisher = Stanford University Press |isbn = 978-0-8047-0279-9 | location = San Francisco, CA}} * {{cite book | last = Uwechue | first = Raph | title = Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1 | publisher = Africa Books Ltd | location = Dearborne, MI | year = 1981 |isbn = 978-0-903274-14-2}} * {{cite book |last=Van Den Boogaerde |first=Pierre|title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |year=2008 |publisher=AEG Publishing Group |location= New York |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=I_S1D8cnTiEC&pg=PT19 }} * {{cite book |last = Wink|first = André |title = Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries |publisher = Brill | location = Leiden, The Netherlands |year = 2004 |isbn = 978-90-04-13561-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&printsec=frontcover}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Madagascar}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13861843 Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * {{CIA_World_Factbook link|ma|Madagascar}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Madagascar}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm Madagascar] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/madagascar.htm |date=20120829212249 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{wikiatlas|Madagascar}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=MG Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar] from [[International Futures]] {{Coord|20|S|47|E|scale:10000000_source:GNS|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Madagaska|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 4kh69059lmckbq8f6xkfvvg7pvakzqx 0 8082 1579261 1527690 2026-07-13T02:17:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la dini | jina = Ubuddha | jina_la_asili = बौद्ध धर्म (Buddha Dharma) | picha = Dharma Wheel.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Gurudumu la Dharma, ishara ya Ubuddha | uainishaji = Wa Kidharma | maandiko = Tripitaka</br> Sutra za Kibuddha | teolojia = Hakuna mungu wa kipekee (Inaweza kuwa Uathesti, Upolithestiki au Upanethistiki kulingana na madhehebu) | eneo = Hasa [[Asia]], [[China]], [[Japani]], [[Thailand]], [[Nepal]], na [[Sri Lanka]] | lugha = [[Kipali]], Kisanskriti, na lugha za kienyeji | mwaasisi = Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) | asili = [[Karne ya 5 KK]], India ya Kaskazini | ibada = Kutafakari, Sala, Vipassana, Sila, Bhavana | wafuasi = Takriban milioni 500 }} [[Picha:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Sanamu]] kubwa ya Buddha kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha [[Lantau]], [[Hong Kong]], [[China]]).]] [[File:Buddhism percent population in each nation World Map Buddhist data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|300px|[[Asilimia]] ya Wabuddha nchi kwa nchi, kadiri ya [[Pew Research Center]], [[2010]].]] '''Ubuddha''' ni mfumo wa kidini uliotokana na mafundisho ya [[Siddharta Gautama]] aliyejulikana kama [[Buddha]].Kuna wafuasi wengi, hasa katika [[Asia]] ya Kusini, Kusini-Mashariki na Mashariki. Makadirio ya idadi yao ni kati ya milioni 488-535 (7-8% ya watu wote duniani). Hivyo ni [[dini]] kubwa ya nne baada ya [[Ukristo]], [[Uislamu]] na [[Uhindu]]. Mafundisho yao yalianzishwa na Siddhartha Gautama aliyezaliwa mnamo mwaka [[563 KK]] kufuatana na [[mapokeo]]; wataalamu wengine huona ya kwamba alizaliwa [[karne]] moja baadaye. Wanahistoria wengi wa mwanzo wa [[karne ya 20]] walitaja miaka [[563 KK]] hadi [[483 KK]] hivi,<ref>L. S. Cousins (1996), "[http://indology.info/papers/cousins The dating of the historical Buddha] {{Wayback|url=http://indology.info/papers/cousins |date=20110226184207 }}: a review article", ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'' '''(3)6(1)''': 57–63.</ref> lakini maoni ya siku hizi yanataja mwaka wa kufariki kati ya [[486 KK]] na 483 KK au, hata kati ya [[411 KK]] na [[400 KK]].<ref>See the consensus in the essays by leading scholars in ''The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha'' (2003) Edited by A. K. Narain. B. R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7646-353-1.</ref><ref> "If, as is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material, ..., necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE...." —Paul Dundas, ''The Jains'', 2nd edition, ([[Routledge]], 2001), [http://books.google.com/books?id=5ialKAbIyV4C&pg=PA24 p. 24.] </ref> Kadiri ya [[akiolojia]], Buddha aliweza kuzaliwa huko [[Lumbini]], (leo nchini [[Nepal]])<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666|title=Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=26 Mei 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2012-10-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031180234/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ }}</ref><ref name="UNESCO"/> au huko [[Kapilavastu]], [[Piprahwa]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] au tena [[Kapileswara]], [[Orissa]], [[India]].<ref name="V and A">{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html|title=Kapilavastu|accessdate=1 Machi 2011|archivedate=2011-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108040311/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2013-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603040336/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm }}</ref><ref name="rediff1">http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/16spec.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archive-date=2012-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518145537/http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Orissa-gov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2012-03-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318073346/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf }}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Buddha wa kihistoria" au "Buddha Shakyamuni" kwa sababu katika [[imani]] yao kuna mabuddha mbalimbali. Neno "Buddha" si [[jina]] bali [[cheo]] cha heshima chenye maana ya "aliyeamka". Humo mna kiini cha imani ya Ubuddha kuwa [[binadamu]] huishi kwa kawaida bila ya kutambua hali yake mwenyewe, lakini akielewa mafundisho anakuja kuamka na kuona hali yake pamoja na [[njia]] inayopaswa kufuatwa. Katika haya yote Wabuddha hufuata mfano wa Buddha Shakyamuni wakitegemea kufika kwenye hali ya kuamka. Kati ya Wabuddha kuna mielekeo mbalimbali kama [[madhehebu]]. Yale yenye wafuasi wengi ni: * [[Mahayana]], hasa katika nchi kama [[China]], [[Uthai]], [[Burma]], [[Kambodia]] * [[Hinayana]] au [[Theravada]] * [[Vajrayana]] au Ubuddha wa [[Tibeti]] * [[Zen]] (nchini [[Japani]]) == Maisha na mafundisho ya Gautama Buddha == === Mtoto wa kifalme === Yeye alizaliwa na kupewa jina la Siddharta kutoka kwenye [[familia]] ya kifalme ya [[ukoo]] wa Shakyamuni yapata miaka 2500 iliyopita huko [[India]] ya kaskazini. [[Mama]] wa Buddha alifariki angali yeye ni mtoto na tena alikuwa na shauku la kuwa mtoto atayemzaa si wa kawaida. Akiwa [[mjamzito]], aliota [[ndoto]] ya [[tembo]] mweupe aliyehusunika na mtoto atakayejifungua. Jambo hilo lilikuwa [[dalili]] ya kwamba [[mtoto]] atakayezaliwa atakuwa mtu mwenye [[bahati]], tena maalum. Mwona aliyetembelea [[jumba la kifalme]] ili kutoa [[utabiri]] wake kuhusu maajaliwa ya mtoto, kwa mujibu wa [[desturi]] na [[mila]] za siku zile, alitabiri kwamba mtoto huyo atakuja kuwa mkubwa na [[mtawala]] mahiri; ama ataiacha [[kasri]] ya [[baba]] yake na kuishi [[maisha ya upwekeni]] kutafuta [[shauri]] kuu kuhusu [[Maisha]] na [[Uhai]]. Baba yake Siddharta aliyekuwa [[mtawala]], alishtushwa mno na [[kauli]] juu ya mtoto wake kuja kuwa [[Mmistiya]]. Hivyo alijitahidi kila aliloweza kumficha mtoto kuhusu upande wa maisha wenye sura ya [[tabu]] na [[hangaiko|mahangaiko]]. Akijaribu kumsogezea na kumpa kila [[fahari]] ya maisha ili asahau sehemu ya [[nafsi]] yake yenye uwezekano wa kumfanya aghairi maisha ya [[anasa]] ili kwenda kuishi ki[[maskini]] kama wamistiya wengi wa [[zama]] zile walivyokuwa wakifanya, kutoka mijini na kwenda [[pori]]ni kuishi maisha duni na hali ya asili. Alipofikia [[umri]] wa kuoa, baba yake alimpa [[mke]] ambaye alimzalia [[mjukuu]] mmoja. Hapo Siddharta alikuwa anatimiza miaka takribani ishirini na tisa. === Safari nne za Siddharta nje ya jumba la kifalme === Wakati ule Siddharta alitoka nje ya jumba la kifalme la baba yake kwa mara ya kwanza akiongozana na [[mtumishi]] wake mmoja mwadilifu. Alishangaa sana alipomwona [[mtu]] aliyetembea kwa [[shida]] tu na [[uso]] ulikuwa na ma[[finyo]]. Akamwuliza mtumishi wake, "Kwa nini mtu huyu anatembea kwa shida na uso wake unaonyesha mafinyo?" Mtumishi akamjibu, "Huyu ni [[mzee]]. Watu wote watakuwa wazee siku mmoja. Ni hali ya kawaida". Siddharta, asiyewahi kumwona mzee kwa sababu baba yake hakuruhusu wazee katika [[mazingira]] ya mtoto wake, akashtuka akauliza: "Je, na mimi nitakuwa mzee na nitaonekana hivyo?". Mtumishi akamjibu, "Ndiyo, na wewe utazeeka kama kila mtu." Wakarudi kwao [[kimya]]. Wakatoka nje tena. [[Safari]] ya pili wakamwona [[mgonjwa]], na safari ya tatu wakaona [[maiti]]. Kila safari Siddharta alisikia ya kwamba hata yeye ataona mambo hayo maishani mwake. Yote yalimgusa sana akawa na [[wasiwasi]] kwa sababu pande hizo za maisha ziliwahi kufichwa mbele yake. Katika safari ya nne walimwona [[mtawa]] wa [[Uhindu|Kihindu]] aliyeketi kando ya [[barabara]]. Siddharta alivutwa sana na [[fikra]] ya kwamba mtu huyO aliachana na [[mali]] na mambo yote kwa [[hiari]] yake na kufikia [[uhuru wa roho]] na hakuogopa tena [[kifo]]. Hapo alikata shauri moyoni mwake kuondoka katika maisha ya kifalme na kutafuta maisha ya [[utawa]]. === Maisha ya mtawa === Siddharta aliondoka nje ya jumba la kifalme [[usiku]] mmoja bila ya kumwaga mtu yeyote, akajiunga na kundi la watawa na kufuata maisha yao. Hatimaye, akiwa na wenzake alikutana nao katika [[harakati]] zake kutafuta [[kilele]] cha [[ufahamu]], walikwenda kuishi kwenye misitu ya mbali na kudumu katika [[kutafakari]] na Milaya. Miaka sita ilipita, iliyojaa maisha ya kujima na kila namna ya kuusonga [[mwili]] ili kutafuta [[taamuli]]. Hatimaye Siddharta mtawa alidhoofu na [[mwili]] wake kukonda kutokana na [[saumu|kufunga]] kwa siku mfululizo. Siku moja akiwa mwenye kukata tamaa, akiwa kando ya [[mto]], alipita [[mwanamke]] aliyebeba [[maziwa]]. Siddharta alimwomba yule mwanamke ampatie maziwa anywe, maana alikuwa mwenye kuhitaji. Basi yule mwanamke akampatia. Baada ya kunywa na kushukuru alijisikia ni mwenye [[utulivu]] akajisemea [[moyo]]ni kwamba baada ya hapo ataketi chini ya [[mti]] na hatainuka tena mpaka atapotokewa na Taamuli. === Kutaalamiwa chini ya mti === Huo ukawa mwanzo mpya uliofuatiwa na [[baraka]] na [[neema]]. Kwani ni usiku uliofuatia alitokewa na Taamuli na [[Ufunuo]]. Katika [[imani]] ya Wabuddha akabadilika kuwa "Buddha" katika usiku huo yaani mtu aliyepokea [[ufunuo]] na [[ujuzi]]. Baada ya hapo alikaa na kutafakari mambo yote aliyoyaona na kuangalia jinsi atakavyoweza kufundisha [[njia]] yenye kuleta [[wongofu]]. Kwani Taamuli yake ilifuatia kutambua [[Kweli Nne]] kuhusu maisha. Baadaye alifundisha huko na huko India mashariki, kama vile [[Magadha]] na [[Kosala|Kośala]].<ref>Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism''. 2000. p. 45</ref><ref>Skilton, Andrew. ''A Concise History of Buddhism.'' 2004. p. 41</ref> === Kweli Nne za Buddha === [[Kweli]] ya Kwanza ni kuwa Maisha ya duniani ni [[mateso]] kutoka kuzaliwa hadi kufa, hata [[kifo]] si mwisho kwani maisha ni [[mzunguko]] wa [[majira]] ya kufa na kuzaliwa tena na tena. Kweli ya Pili ni kuwa [[asili]] ya masumbuko yote ni [[Ujinga]], yaani kutokujua namna asilia na [[kanuni]] ya mambo na hali za maisha na jinsi yanavyosonga. Kweli ya Tatu ni kwamba shida na masumbuko hutokana na kujishikiza kwa mwanadamu na mambo ya dunia hii pasipo uelewa wa lolote linalozidi [[milango ya fahamu]] na budi (Sehemu ya Akili yenye kuendesha fikra kutokana na milango ya fahamu). Kweli ya Nne ni kwamba njia ya [[wongofu]] yaani namna ya kutoka katika ma[[tatizo]] hayo aliyoiita (Njia ya Nguzo Nane). === Njia ya Nguzo Nane === Ni [[gurudumu]] la [[nguzo]] nane ambazo humuongoza mwanadamu kuelekea kwenye Taamuli na hasa kufikia wongofu. Kufikia wongofu ni kuachana na [[mzunguko wa kufa na kuzaliwa]] unaosababishwa na matakwa yenye msingi wa Budi inayojengeka na kurudisha hali za kimaisha zenye kufanya [[mzunguko usiokoma]] wa masumbuko. Hivyo, njia hii iliyoitwa Dhammapada (Dhamma ni [[uadilifu]] na Pada ni njia) ndiyo pekee yenye kumkomboa mwanadamu kutoka kwenye taabu na masumbuko ya [[ulimwengu]]. Nayo ina nguzo nane zifuatazo. Moja ni [[Ono]] sahihi. Pili ni [[Dhamira]] sahihi. Tatu ni [[Kauli]] sahihi Nne ni [[Jitihada]] sahihi. Tano ni [[Tendo]] sahihi. Sita ni [[Isho]] sahihi. Saba ni [[Umakini]] sahihi. Nane ni [[Mkazo nia]] sahihi. === Milaya na Taamuli === Mkazo nia ni [[dhana]] ya kudumu katika kitendo cha [[akili]] yenye kuona pasipo kusogea ama kutangatanga juu ya jambo moja hadi lingine. Na hii ndio [[kigezo]] kikuu cha Siddhaharta Buddha katika kufundisha Milaya yenye kuongoza kwenye Taamuli. ==Pia tazama== [[Vipassana]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.buddhanet.net/ BuddhaNet] * [http://www.dhammakaya.or.th/ Dhammakaya Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dhammakaya.or.th/ |date=20051025043012 }} * [http://www.e-sangha.com/ Buddhism Portal e-Sangha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.e-sangha.com/ |date=20171015191254 }} * [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism] * [http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/ Buddhist Channel] * [http://www.dharmanet.org/ DharmaNet] * [http://www.acmuller.net/ddb Digital Dictionary of Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.acmuller.net/ddb |date=20060220092631 }} * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/bfaq.html FAQ about Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/bfaq.html |date=20060527173102 }} @ [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ Access to Insight] * [http://directory.google.com/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Buddhism/ Google directory for Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://directory.google.com/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Buddhism/ |date=20050119015105 }} * [http://www.urbandharma.org/ UrbanDharma] * [http://www.mrrena.com/budd.shtml A Study of Buddhism in Contrast to Christianity] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mrrena.com/budd.shtml |date=20080517053415 }} (From a Western Christian perspective) * [http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/goodqa/goodqa-00.htm Another FAQ style introductory electronic booklet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/goodqa/goodqa-00.htm |date=20061016171157 }} * [http://www.berzinarchives.com The archives of Alexander Berzin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023201951/http://es.geocities.com/sutrasbudistas/ Library Sutras] * [http://www.what-buddha-taught.net/index2.htm#Kiswahili Ubuddha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.what-buddha-taught.net/index2.htm#Kiswahili |date=20110724130834 }} [[Jamii:Ubuddha| ]] [[Jamii:Dini]] t39y7moyvmxycbhecysl171f0z7htsj 1579275 1579261 2026-07-13T07:05:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1579275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la dini | jina = Ubuddha | jina_la_asili = बौद्ध धर्म (Buddha Dharma) | picha = Dharma Wheel.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Gurudumu la Dharma, ishara ya Ubuddha | uainishaji = Wa Kidharma | maandiko = Tripitaka</br> Sutra za Kibuddha | teolojia = Hakuna mungu wa kipekee (Inaweza kuwa Uathesti, Upolithestiki au Upanethistiki kulingana na madhehebu) | eneo = Hasa [[Asia]], [[China]], [[Japani]], [[Thailand]], [[Nepal]], na [[Sri Lanka]] | lugha = [[Kipali]], Kisanskriti, na lugha za kienyeji | mwaasisi = Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) | asili = [[Karne ya 5 KK]], India ya Kaskazini | ibada = Kutafakari, Sala, Vipassana, Sila, Bhavana | wafuasi = Takriban milioni 500 }} [[Picha:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Sanamu]] kubwa ya Buddha kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha [[Lantau]], [[Hong Kong]], [[China]]).]] [[File:Buddhism percent population in each nation World Map Buddhist data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|300px|[[Asilimia]] ya Wabuddha nchi kwa nchi, kadiri ya [[Pew Research Center]], [[2010]].]] '''Ubuddha''' ni mfumo wa kidini uliotokana na mafundisho ya [[Siddharta Gautama]] aliyejulikana kama [[Buddha]].Kuna wafuasi wengi, hasa katika [[Asia]] ya Kusini, Kusini-Mashariki na Mashariki. Makadirio ya idadi yao ni kati ya milioni 488-535 (7-8% ya watu wote duniani). Hivyo ni [[dini]] kubwa ya nne baada ya [[Ukristo]], [[Uislamu]] na [[Uhindu]]. Mafundisho yao yalianzishwa na Siddhartha Gautama aliyezaliwa mnamo mwaka [[563 KK]] kufuatana na [[mapokeo]]; wataalamu wengine huona ya kwamba alizaliwa [[karne]] moja baadaye. Wanahistoria wengi wa mwanzo wa [[karne ya 20]] walitaja miaka [[563 KK]] hadi [[483 KK]] hivi,<ref>L. S. Cousins (1996), "[http://indology.info/papers/cousins The dating of the historical Buddha] {{Wayback|url=http://indology.info/papers/cousins |date=20110226184207 }}: a review article", ''[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]]'' '''(3)6(1)''': 57–63.</ref> lakini maoni ya siku hizi yanataja mwaka wa kufariki kati ya [[486 KK]] na 483 KK au, hata kati ya [[411 KK]] na [[400 KK]].<ref>See the consensus in the essays by leading scholars in ''The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha'' (2003) Edited by A. K. Narain. B. R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7646-353-1.</ref><ref> "If, as is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material, ..., necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE...." —Paul Dundas, ''The Jains'', 2nd edition, ([[Routledge]], 2001), [http://books.google.com/books?id=5ialKAbIyV4C&pg=PA24 p. 24.] </ref> Kadiri ya [[akiolojia]], Buddha aliweza kuzaliwa huko [[Lumbini]], (leo nchini [[Nepal]])<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666|title=Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=26 Mei 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2012-10-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031180234/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-astamahapratiharya-buddhist-pilgrimage-sites/ }}</ref><ref name="UNESCO"/> au huko [[Kapilavastu]], [[Piprahwa]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] au tena [[Kapileswara]], [[Orissa]], [[India]].<ref name="V and A">{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html|title=Kapilavastu|accessdate=1 Machi 2011|archivedate=2011-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108040311/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html}}</ref><ref name="hindu1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2013-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603040336/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2204/stories/20050225001008800.htm }}</ref><ref name="rediff1">http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/16spec.htm</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archive-date=2012-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518145537/http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/03/buddha-born-in-orissa-scholars.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Orissa-gov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2015-01-21 |archivedate=2012-03-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318073346/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf }}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Buddha wa kihistoria" au "Buddha Shakyamuni" kwa sababu katika [[imani]] yao kuna mabuddha mbalimbali. Neno "Buddha" si [[jina]] bali [[cheo]] cha heshima chenye maana ya "aliyeamka". Humo mna kiini cha imani ya Ubuddha kuwa [[binadamu]] huishi kwa kawaida bila ya kutambua hali yake mwenyewe, lakini akielewa mafundisho anakuja kuamka na kuona hali yake pamoja na [[njia]] inayopaswa kufuatwa. Katika haya yote Wabuddha hufuata mfano wa Buddha Shakyamuni wakitegemea kufika kwenye hali ya kuamka. Kati ya Wabuddha kuna mielekeo mbalimbali kama [[madhehebu]]. Yale yenye wafuasi wengi ni: * [[Mahayana]], hasa katika nchi kama [[China]], [[Uthai]], [[Burma]], [[Kambodia]] * [[Hinayana]] au [[Theravada]] * [[Vajrayana]] au Ubuddha wa [[Tibeti]] * [[Zen]] (nchini [[Japani]]) == Maisha na mafundisho ya Gautama Buddha == === Mtoto wa kifalme === Yeye alizaliwa na kupewa jina la Siddharta kutoka kwenye [[familia]] ya kifalme ya [[ukoo]] wa Shakyamuni yapata miaka 2500 iliyopita huko [[India]] ya kaskazini. [[Mama]] wa Buddha alifariki angali yeye ni mtoto na tena alikuwa na shauku la kuwa mtoto atayemzaa si wa kawaida. Akiwa [[mjamzito]], aliota [[ndoto]] ya [[tembo]] mweupe aliyehusunika na mtoto atakayejifungua. Jambo hilo lilikuwa [[dalili]] ya kwamba [[mtoto]] atakayezaliwa atakuwa mtu mwenye [[bahati]], tena maalum. Mwona aliyetembelea [[jumba la kifalme]] ili kutoa [[utabiri]] wake kuhusu maajaliwa ya mtoto, kwa mujibu wa [[desturi]] na [[mila]] za siku zile, alitabiri kwamba mtoto huyo atakuja kuwa mkubwa na [[mtawala]] mahiri; ama ataiacha [[kasri]] ya [[baba]] yake na kuishi [[maisha ya upwekeni]] kutafuta [[shauri]] kuu kuhusu [[Maisha]] na [[Uhai]]. Baba yake Siddharta aliyekuwa [[mtawala]], alishtushwa mno na [[kauli]] juu ya mtoto wake kuja kuwa [[Mmistiya]]. Hivyo alijitahidi kila aliloweza kumficha mtoto kuhusu upande wa maisha wenye sura ya [[tabu]] na [[hangaiko|mahangaiko]]. Akijaribu kumsogezea na kumpa kila [[fahari]] ya maisha ili asahau sehemu ya [[nafsi]] yake yenye uwezekano wa kumfanya aghairi maisha ya [[anasa]] ili kwenda kuishi ki[[maskini]] kama wamistiya wengi wa [[zama]] zile walivyokuwa wakifanya, kutoka mijini na kwenda [[pori]]ni kuishi maisha duni na hali ya asili. Alipofikia [[umri]] wa kuoa, baba yake alimpa [[mke]] ambaye alimzalia [[mjukuu]] mmoja. Hapo Siddharta alikuwa anatimiza miaka takribani ishirini na tisa. === Safari nne za Siddharta nje ya jumba la kifalme === Wakati ule Siddharta alitoka nje ya jumba la kifalme la baba yake kwa mara ya kwanza akiongozana na [[mtumishi]] wake mmoja mwadilifu. Alishangaa sana alipomwona [[mtu]] aliyetembea kwa [[shida]] tu na [[uso]] ulikuwa na ma[[finyo]]. Akamwuliza mtumishi wake, "Kwa nini mtu huyu anatembea kwa shida na uso wake unaonyesha mafinyo?" Mtumishi akamjibu, "Huyu ni [[mzee]]. Watu wote watakuwa wazee siku mmoja. Ni hali ya kawaida". Siddharta, asiyewahi kumwona mzee kwa sababu baba yake hakuruhusu wazee katika [[mazingira]] ya mtoto wake, akashtuka akauliza: "Je, na mimi nitakuwa mzee na nitaonekana hivyo?". Mtumishi akamjibu, "Ndiyo, na wewe utazeeka kama kila mtu." Wakarudi kwao [[kimya]]. Wakatoka nje tena. [[Safari]] ya pili wakamwona [[mgonjwa]], na safari ya tatu wakaona [[maiti]]. Kila safari Siddharta alisikia ya kwamba hata yeye ataona mambo hayo maishani mwake. Yote yalimgusa sana akawa na [[wasiwasi]] kwa sababu pande hizo za maisha ziliwahi kufichwa mbele yake. Katika safari ya nne walimwona [[mtawa]] wa [[Uhindu|Kihindu]] aliyeketi kando ya [[barabara]]. Siddharta alivutwa sana na [[fikra]] ya kwamba mtu huyO aliachana na [[mali]] na mambo yote kwa [[hiari]] yake na kufikia [[uhuru wa roho]] na hakuogopa tena [[kifo]]. Hapo alikata shauri moyoni mwake kuondoka katika maisha ya kifalme na kutafuta maisha ya [[utawa]]. === Maisha ya mtawa === Siddharta aliondoka nje ya jumba la kifalme [[usiku]] mmoja bila ya kumwaga mtu yeyote, akajiunga na kundi la watawa na kufuata maisha yao. Hatimaye, akiwa na wenzake alikutana nao katika [[harakati]] zake kutafuta [[kilele]] cha [[ufahamu]], walikwenda kuishi kwenye misitu ya mbali na kudumu katika [[kutafakari]] na Milaya. Miaka sita ilipita, iliyojaa maisha ya kujima na kila namna ya kuusonga [[mwili]] ili kutafuta [[taamuli]]. Hatimaye Siddharta mtawa alidhoofu na [[mwili]] wake kukonda kutokana na [[saumu|kufunga]] kwa siku mfululizo. Siku moja akiwa mwenye kukata tamaa, akiwa kando ya [[mto]], alipita [[mwanamke]] aliyebeba [[maziwa]]. Siddharta alimwomba yule mwanamke ampatie maziwa anywe, maana alikuwa mwenye kuhitaji. Basi yule mwanamke akampatia. Baada ya kunywa na kushukuru alijisikia ni mwenye [[utulivu]] akajisemea [[moyo]]ni kwamba baada ya hapo ataketi chini ya [[mti]] na hatainuka tena mpaka atapotokewa na Taamuli. === Kutaalamiwa chini ya mti === Huo ukawa mwanzo mpya uliofuatiwa na [[baraka]] na [[neema]]. Kwani ni usiku uliofuatia alitokewa na Taamuli na [[Ufunuo]]. Katika [[imani]] ya Wabuddha akabadilika kuwa "Buddha" katika usiku huo yaani mtu aliyepokea [[ufunuo]] na [[ujuzi]]. Baada ya hapo alikaa na kutafakari mambo yote aliyoyaona na kuangalia jinsi atakavyoweza kufundisha [[njia]] yenye kuleta [[wongofu]]. Kwani Taamuli yake ilifuatia kutambua [[Kweli Nne]] kuhusu maisha. Baadaye alifundisha huko na huko India mashariki, kama vile [[Magadha]] na [[Kosala|Kośala]].<ref>Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism''. 2000. p. 45</ref><ref>Skilton, Andrew. ''A Concise History of Buddhism.'' 2004. p. 41</ref> === Kweli Nne za Buddha === [[Kweli]] ya Kwanza ni kuwa Maisha ya duniani ni [[mateso]] kutoka kuzaliwa hadi kufa, hata [[kifo]] si mwisho kwani maisha ni [[mzunguko]] wa [[majira]] ya kufa na kuzaliwa tena na tena. Kweli ya Pili ni kuwa [[asili]] ya masumbuko yote ni [[Ujinga]], yaani kutokujua namna asilia na [[kanuni]] ya mambo na hali za maisha na jinsi yanavyosonga. Kweli ya Tatu ni kwamba shida na masumbuko hutokana na kujishikiza kwa mwanadamu na mambo ya dunia hii pasipo uelewa wa lolote linalozidi [[milango ya fahamu]] na budi (Sehemu ya Akili yenye kuendesha fikra kutokana na milango ya fahamu). Kweli ya Nne ni kwamba njia ya [[wongofu]] yaani namna ya kutoka katika ma[[tatizo]] hayo aliyoiita (Njia ya Nguzo Nane). === Njia ya Nguzo Nane === Ni [[gurudumu]] la [[nguzo]] nane ambazo humuongoza mwanadamu kuelekea kwenye Taamuli na hasa kufikia wongofu. Kufikia wongofu ni kuachana na [[mzunguko wa kufa na kuzaliwa]] unaosababishwa na matakwa yenye msingi wa Budi inayojengeka na kurudisha hali za kimaisha zenye kufanya [[mzunguko usiokoma]] wa masumbuko. Hivyo, njia hii iliyoitwa Dhammapada (Dhamma ni [[uadilifu]] na Pada ni njia) ndiyo pekee yenye kumkomboa mwanadamu kutoka kwenye taabu na masumbuko ya [[ulimwengu]]. Nayo ina nguzo nane zifuatazo. Moja ni [[Ono]] sahihi. Pili ni [[Dhamira]] sahihi. Tatu ni [[Kauli]] sahihi Nne ni [[Jitihada]] sahihi. Tano ni [[Tendo]] sahihi. Sita ni [[Isho]] sahihi. Saba ni [[Umakini]] sahihi. Nane ni [[Mkazo nia]] sahihi. === Milaya na Taamuli === Mkazo nia ni [[dhana]] ya kudumu katika kitendo cha [[akili]] yenye kuona pasipo kusogea ama kutangatanga juu ya jambo moja hadi lingine. Na hii ndio [[kigezo]] kikuu cha Siddhaharta Buddha katika kufundisha Milaya yenye kuongoza kwenye Taamuli. ==Pia tazama== [[Vipassana]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.buddhanet.net/ BuddhaNet] * [http://www.dhammakaya.or.th/ Dhammakaya Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dhammakaya.or.th/ |date=20051025043012 }} * [http://www.e-sangha.com/ Buddhism Portal e-Sangha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.e-sangha.com/ |date=20171015191254 }} * [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism] * [http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/ Buddhist Channel] * [http://www.dharmanet.org/ DharmaNet] * [http://www.acmuller.net/ddb Digital Dictionary of Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.acmuller.net/ddb |date=20060220092631 }} * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/bfaq.html FAQ about Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/bfaq.html |date=20060527173102 }} @ [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ Access to Insight] * [http://directory.google.com/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Buddhism/ Google directory for Buddhism] {{Wayback|url=http://directory.google.com/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Buddhism/ |date=20050119015105 }} * [http://www.urbandharma.org/ UrbanDharma] * [http://www.mrrena.com/budd.shtml A Study of Buddhism in Contrast to Christianity] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mrrena.com/budd.shtml |date=20080517053415 }} (From a Western Christian perspective) * [http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/goodqa/goodqa-00.htm Another FAQ style introductory electronic booklet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saigon.com/~anson/ebud/goodqa/goodqa-00.htm |date=20061016171157 }} * [http://www.berzinarchives.com The archives of Alexander Berzin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023201951/http://es.geocities.com/sutrasbudistas/ Library Sutras] * [http://www.what-buddha-taught.net/index2.htm#Kiswahili Ubuddha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.what-buddha-taught.net/index2.htm#Kiswahili |date=20110724130834 }} [[Jamii:Ubuddha| ]] [[Jamii:Dini]] 5t3suv6b522yp171t8keju36awmymed 0 8388 1579273 994778 2026-07-13T06:37:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yohana 3:16''' ni mstari ule wa [[Yoh|Injili ilivyoandikwa na Yohana Mtakatifu]] unaodondolewa mara nyingi kabisa. [[Wakristo]] wengi wanauangalia kama muhtasari wa [[ujumbe]] wa [[Injili]] kuhusu [[Mungu]] na [[Yesu Kristo]]. Katika [[tafsiri ya Habari Njema]], mstari huo unasema: "Maana Mungu aliupenda ulimwengu hivi hata akamtoa Mwana wake wa pekee, ili kila amwaminiye asipotee, bali awe na uzima wa milele". ==Marejeo== *http://www.everytongue.com/john/index.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.everytongue.com/john/index.htm |date=20090427015320 }} [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Biblia]] [[Jamii:Injili ya Yohane|3:16]] [[Jamii:Mungu]] [[Jamii:Yesu Kristo]] hlcpimhkw2iz0jsx8qp0u89zcnqq96b 0 14653 1579270 1506853 2026-07-13T05:44:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579270 wikitext text/x-wiki ^{Kwa kipindi cha siku saba angalia [[Juma]]} [[Faili:Wikitext-wiki markup-wikipedia.png|thumb|Picha ikionesha jinsi wikitext inavyoonekana katika tarakilishi, [[kishikwambi]] ama [[simujanja]]]] '''Wiki''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kihawaii]] linalomaanisha 'kasi'". <ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.mauimapp.com/moolelo/hwnwdshw.htm|title=Hawaiian Words; Hawaiian to English|mauimapp.com|accessdate=2008-09-19}}</ref> "Wiki" imetafsiriwa na watu kimzaha "What I Know Is", yaani, "ninachojua ni") ni [[tovuti]] ambayo inaruhusu kwa urahisi <ref> [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc700339.aspx wiki, n.] Wiki yarahisishwa</ref> uundaji na [[uhariri]] wa [[idadi]] yoyote ya [[kurasa za mtandao zilizoshikamana]] kwa kutumia lugha{ ishara/1} au nakala ya WYSIWYG ya uhariri, katika kivinjari.|lugha{ ishara/1} au nakala ya [[WYSIWYG]] ya uhariri, katika kivinjari. <ref> [http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50293088 wiki, n.] [[Kamusi ya Kiingereza ya Oxford]] (kiingilio rasimu cha, Machi 2007) kinahitaji ujiandikishe kwa malipo</ref> <ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|title=wiki|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|volume=1|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc]]|date=2007|location=[[London]]|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192819/wiki|accessdate=2008-04-10}}</ref> Wiki kwa kawaida zinaendeshwa na [[programu ya Wiki]]. Mara nyingi Wiki hutumika kuunda [[tovuti zinazoshirikiana]] kuziendesha tovuti za kijamii, kwa kuandika {habari za kibinafsi{/0}, katika kushirikisha mitandao na [[usimamizi wa mifumo ya maarifa]]. Wiki nyingi hutumika kwa lengo moja maalumu, na nyenzo zisizo na uhusiano na lengo hili huondolewa mara moja na jamii ya watumizi wa Wiki. Ndivyo ulivyo ushirikiano huru katika [[kamusi]] ya [[Wikipedia]]. <ref name="Britannica"></ref> Kinyume na hayo, [[Wiki zilizo na malengo wazi]] hukubali kila aina ya [[ujumbe]] bila kanuni kali kuhusu jinsi unavyopaswa kuandikwa. [[Ward Cunningham]], mtengenezaji wa [[programu]] ya kwanza ya Wiki, [[WikiWikiWeb]], mwanzoni alieleza wiki kuwa hifadhi ya data rahisi ya [[mtandao]] ambayo ingetumiwa kuweza kufanya kazi." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wiki.org/wiki.cgi?WhatIsWiki|title=What is a Wiki|accessdate=2008-04-10|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|author=[[Ward Cunningham|Cunningham, Ward]]|date=2002-06-27|archivedate=2008-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416212802/http://www.wiki.org/wiki.cgi?WhatIsWiki}}</ref> == Historia == {{Main|Historia ya Wiki}} [[Picha:HNL Wiki Wiki Bus.jpg|thumb|[[basi|Mabasi]] ya Wiki Wiki katika [[uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa]] wa [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], [[Marekani]].]] [[WikiWikiWeb]] ilikuwa Wiki ya kwanza. <ref name="ebersbach10">{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=10}}</ref> [[Ward Cunningham]] alianza kutengeneza WikiWikiWeb mwaka wa [[1994]], na kuiweka kwenye [[mtandao]] [http://c2.com/ c2.com] tarehe [[25 Machi]] [[1995]]. Ilipewa [[jina]] na Cunningham, ambaye alikumbuka [[mfanyakazi]] katika uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa [[Honolulu]] aliyemwambia aabiri kwa [[gari]] aina ya "Wiki Wiki" ambalo lilisafirisha [[abiria]] baina ya vituo vya mwisho katika uwanja huo wa ndege. Kulingana na Cunningham, "Mimi nilichagua Wiki-Wiki kama mbadala wa neno 'quick' ili niepuke kuiita tovuti hii quick-web." <ref name="cunningham">{{cite web | author = [[Ward Cunningham|Cunningham, Ward]]|url=http://c2.com/doc/etymology.html |title=Correspondence on the Etymology of Wiki|date= 2003-11-01|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]] |accessdate=2007-03-09 }}</ref> <ref name="history">{{cite web|author=[[Ward Cunningham|Cunningham, Ward]] |url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory |title=Wiki History|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|date=2008-02-25|accessdate= 2007-03-09}}</ref> Cunningham kwa kiasi fulani alipata changamoto kutokana na HyperCard. Apple Apple alikuwa ameunda mfumo uliowaruhusu watumizi kuunda viungo visivyokuwa vya kweli "kadi zilizopanganya" kusaidia viungo kati ya kadi hizo. Cunningham aliendeleza mawazo ya [[Vannevar Bush]] kwa kuruhusu watumizi "kutoa maoni na kubadilisha nakala za wengine". <ref name="Britannica"></ref> <ref name="hypercard">{{cite web| author= [[Ward Cunningham|Cunningham, Ward]] | url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiWikiHyperCard |title=Wiki Wiki Hyper Card|publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]]|date=2007-07-26 | accessdate = 2007-03-09}}</ref> Katika [[Miaka ya 2000|miaka ya mapema ya 2000]], Wiki zilianza kutumika katika [[biashara]] kama programu shirikishi. Matumizi ya kawaida yalikuwa kama [[mawasiliano]] ya mradi, mitandao ya binafsi, na [[nyaraka]], awali za watumiaji wa kiufundi. Leo baadhi ya makampuni hutumia Wiki kama programu shirikishi ya pekee na kama mbadala kwa tovuti za kibinafsi zisizobadilika, na baadhi ya [[shule]] na [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] vinatumia Wiki kuimarisha mafunzo kwa makundi ya [[wanafunzi]]. Kunaweza kuwa na matumizi mengi ya Wiki nyuma ya [[Vizuia mpenyo]] kuliko katika mtandao wa [[umma]]. Mnamo [[15 Machi]] [[2007]], ''Wiki'' iliingia katika [[kamusi ya mtandao ya Kiingereza ya Oxford]]. == Sifa == Ward Cunningham, na mwandishi mwenza [[Bo Leuf]], katika [[kitabu]] cha ''[[The Wiki Way:Quick Collaboration on the Web]]'' walielezea [[kiini]] cha dhana ya Wiki kama ifuatavyo: * watumizi wote wa Wiki wameruhusiwa kuhariri kurasa zozote au kutengeneza kurasa mpya ndani ya mtandao wa Wiki, kwa kutumia tu kivinjari aina ya [[vanilla-kavu]] kwa mtandao bila vitu vya ziada. * Wiki inakuza mada ya maana kati ya kurasa tofauti kwa kufanya maandalizi ya kurasa shirikishi kuwa rahisi na kwa kuonyesha kama ukurasa unaohitajika upo au la. * Wiki si tovuti iliyotengezwa kwa makini kuwakimu watumizi wasio rasmi. Badala yake, inataka kumhusisha mgeni katika mchakato unaoendelea wa uumbaji na ushirikiano unaoleta mabadiliko daima katika [[mandhari]] ya mtandao. Wiki inawezesha hati kuandikwa kiushiriki, katika [[lugha rahisi ya kuashiria]] kwa kutumia [[kivinjari]]. Ukurasa wa tovuti ya wiki unaitwa "ukurasa wa wiki", ilhali mkusanyiko mzima wa kurasa, ambazo kawaida huwa zinahusiana kwa [[viungo]], ni "Wiki". Wiki ni [[hifadhidata]] ya kuunda, kuvinjari, na njia ya kutafuta habari. Sifa tambulishi ya [[teknolojia]] ya Wiki ni urahisi wa kuunda kurasa na kuziainisha. Kwa ujumla, hakuna marekebisho kabla ya mabadiliko kukubaliwa. Wiki nyingi zi wazi kwa mabadiliko kutoka kwa umma bila lazima ya [[mtumiaji]] kujiandikisha. Wakati mwingine kujiandikisha kwa kikao kunapendekezwa, ili kuunda "sahihi ya wiki" kitambulishi cha kutia [[sahihi]] uhariri moja kwa moja. Lakini, hariri nyingi zinaweza kufanywa katika muda halisi na kuonekana katika mtandao moja kwa moja. Hali hii inaweza kusababisha utumiaji mbaya wa mfumo. Sava za kibinafsi za wiki zinahitaji mtumiaji kujitambulisha ili kuhariri kurasa, na wakati mwingine hata kuzisoma. === Kuhariri kurasa za Wiki === Kuna njia mbalimbali ambazo watumiaji wa Wiki wanaweza kuhariri [[maudhui]] yake. Kwa kawaida, muundo wa kurasa za Wiki na mpangilio wake unatumia lugha ya kuashiria kiurahisi, ambayo wakati mwingine huitwa ''[[wikitext]]''. Kwa mfano, kuanza mstari na ishara ya [[nyota]] ("*") hutumiwa mwanzoni mwa [[orodha]]. Mitindo na [[sentensi]] za makala ya Wiki zinaweza kutofautiana sana katika utekelezaji wa Wiki, baadhi zikiruhusu viashiria vya [[HTML]]. Sababu ya kutumia [[mbinu]] hii ni kwamba, HTML na viashiria vyake vingi, si rahisi kusoma, jambo linaloifanya makala kuwa ngumu kuhaririwa. Kwa hivyo Wiki zinapendelea uhariri wa makala rahisi kwa kuzingatia kaida chache na rahisi kuliko za HTML za kuonyesha muundo na mtindo. Ingawa kwa kupunguza upenyaji kwa HTML na kwa cascading style sheet ([[CSS]]) Wiki hupunguza uwezo wa mtumiaji kubadilisha muundo wa makala ya Wiki, kuna faida kadhaa. Kupunguza upenyaji wa CSS huhakikisha kwamba kuna ulainishaji wa sura na hisi na kule kuzuia [[JavaScript]] kunamzuia mtumiaji kuweka programu zinazoweza kupunguza upenyaji kwa watumiaji wengine {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ![[sentensi za]] MediaWiki !HTML sawa !Matokeo yaliyotolewa |- style="vertical-align:top" | <tt><nowiki>"Kunyua [[chai]], zaidi" Sungura wa Machi alimwambia Alice kwa kina.</nowiki></tt><br /><tt></tt><br /><tt><nowiki>"Bado sijanywa chochote," Alice alijibu kwa sauti ya kukerwa: "hivyo siwezi kunywa zaidi."</nowiki></tt><br /><tt></tt><br /><tt>"Unamaana kuwa huwezi <nowiki>'kunywa'</nowiki> kidogo ya hiyo<nowiki>'',"</nowiki> alisema Sungura: "ni rahisi sana kunywa <nowiki>''</nowiki> zaidi <nowiki>''</nowiki> kuliko kutokunywa chochote."</tt> | <tt><p> "Kunwya chai <a href="/wiki/chai" title="chai"> zaidi </ a>," Sungura wa Machi alimwabia Alice kwa kina. </ p></tt><br /><tt></tt><br /><tt><p> "Bado sijanywa chochote," Alice alijibu kwa sauti ya kukerwa: "hivyo siwezi kunywa zaidi." </ p></tt><br /><tt></tt><br /><tt><p> "Unamaana kuwa huwezi kunywa kidogo ya hiyo <i> </ i>," alisema Sungura: "ni rahisi sana kunywa <i> zaidi </ i> kuliko kutokunywa chochote." </ p></tt><br /><tt></tt> | "Kunywa [[chai zaidi]] zaidi," Sungura wa Machi alimwambia Alice kwa kina. "Sijanywa chochote bado, "Alice alijibu kwa sauti ya kukerwa:" hivyo siwezi kunywa zaidi. ""Unamaana kuwa huwezi kunywa'' kidogo ya hiyo,'' "alisema Sungura:" ni rahisi sana kunywa ''zaidi'' kuliko kutokunywa chochote. " |} <small>(Dondoo kutoka kwa ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' kilichoandikwa na [[Lewis Carroll]])</small> Mfumo wa [["WYSIWYG"]] ("What You See Is What You Get" yaani "Uonacho ndicho upatacho") wa kuhariri Wiki unatumiwa sana na watumiaji kupitia [[JavaScript]] au [[ActiveX]] ambayo inatafsiri maelekezo yaliyoingizwa kipicha, kama vile "maandishi makubwa" na "maandishi ya mlazo", hadi [[HTML]] au makala ya Wiki yanayoambatana. Kwa ule utekelezaji, ishara za toleo jipya la ukurasa uliohaririwa linatolewa na kuwasilishwa kwa Sava kisiri, bila ya mtumiaji kuona kitendo hiki cha kiteknolojia. Hata hivyo, dhibiti za WYSIWYG hazitoi viungo vyote wakati wote kwa makala ya Wiki. Wiki nyingi zinahifadhi kumbukumbu ya mabadiliko yaliyofanywa kwa kurasa za Wiki, na kila nakala ya Wiki inahifadhiwa. Hii ina maana kuwa waandishi wanaweza kurudia toleo la awali la ukurasa, iwapo italazimu kama kosa limetokea kwenye ukurasa wa wiki. Matekelezo mengi ya Wiki, kwa mfano [[MediaWiki]], yanaruhusu watumiaji kutoa muhtasari wa mabadiliko wakati wanapohariri ukurasa. Haya ni maelezo mafupi yanayotoa muhtasari wa masahihisho. Hauingizwi kwenye makala, lakini huhifadhiwa pamoja na marekebisho ya ukurasa, ili kuruhusu watumiaji kuelezea nini kimefanyika na kwa nini; hii ni sawa na ujumbe wa logi wakati unapofanya mabadiliko kwa [[mfumo]] dhibiti wa mabadiliko. === Kuendesha === Katika makala za kurasa nyingi, kwa kawaida kuna [[idadi]] kubwa ya viungo vya [[HyperText]] na kurasa nyingine. Aina hii ya urambazaji usio sambamba ni wa "kiasili" kwa Wiki kuliko urambazaji uliolainishwa kwa programu. Baada ya hapo, watumiaji wanaweza pia kutengeza idadi yoyote ya kurasa za mwelezo au [[jedwali]] la yaliyomo, na mpangilio wa mfuatilio au mpangilio mwingine wowote wanaoupendelea. Hii inaweza kuwa changamoto kuhifadhi, kwa kuwa waandishi wengi wanaandika na kufuta kurasa bila mpangilio maalum. Wiki kwa ujumla hutoa njia zaidi ya moja ya kujamiisha au kuashiria kurasa ili kusaidia katika kudumisha kurasa za mwelezo. Wiki nyingi zina kipengele cha kuashiria kwa nyuma, ambacho kinaonyesha kurasa zote zinazoshirikishwa na ukurasa husika. Ni kawaida kwa Wiki kutengeza viashiria kwenda kwa kurasa ambazo hazijaundwa, kama njia ya kuwaalika wengine washiriki wanachojua kuhusu mada mpya katika Wiki. === Kuandamiza na kutengeneza kurasa === Viungo vinaundwa kwa kutumia sentensi maalum, inayoitwa "ruwaza ya viungo" (pia tazama [[Curie]]). Mbeleni, Wiki nyingi zilitumia [[CamelCase]] kuzipa majina kurasa na kutengeneza viungo. Hivi zinaundwa kwa kuandika maneno kwa herufi kubwa katika [[kirai]] na kutoa nafasi iliyopo kati ya maneno (neno "CamelCase" lenyewe ni mfano). Wakati CamelCase hufanya kuunganisha kuwa rahisi sana, pia inapelekea kwenye viungo vinavyoandikwa kwa hali inayokiuka maendelezo sanifu ya maneno. Wiki ambazo zinatumia CamelCase zinatambulika kwa urahisi kwani zina majina kama "TableOfContent" na "BeginnerQuestions." Inawezekana kwa Wiki kuzifanya [[nanga]] hizi za viungo kuonekana kwa kurejesha nafasi kati ya maneno na pia kwa kutumia [[herufi]] ndogo. Hata hivyo, [[uchakataji]] wa kiungo ili kuboresha usomaji wa nanga unalemezwa kwa kupoteza ujumbe ulio katika herufi kubwa unaosababishwa na udondoshi wa CamelCase. Kwa mfano, "RichardWagner" inapaswa kuonyeshwa kama "Richard Wagner", "MuzikiPendwa" inapaswa kuonyeshwa kama "muziki pendwa". Hakuna njia rahisi kuamua ni herufi kubwa gani inapaswa kubaki ilivyo. Kwa sababu hiyo, Wiki nyingi sasa zina "uunganishi huru" kwa kutumia mabano, na baadhi haziruhusu kutumia CamelCase kwa mpango. == Uaminifu na Usalama == === Kudhibiti mabadiliko === [[Picha:History comparison example.png|thumb|Ripoti za historia zinaangazia mabadiliko kati ya hariri mbili za ukurasa.]] Wiki kwa ujumla ziliundwa na [[falsafa]] ya kuifanya kuwa rahisi kusahihisha makosa, badala ya kuifanya kuwa vigumu kufanya makosa. Hivyo, ingawa Wiki ni sahili, zinatoa njia ya kuthibitisha uhalali wa nyongeza ya hivi karibuni kwa ukurasa. Maarufu sana, katika karibu kila Wiki, ni ukurasa wa "Mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni", orodha maalum inayohesabu hariri za karibuni, au orodha ya hariri zilizofanywa wakati mahsusi. <ref>{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=20}}</ref> Baadhi ya Wiki zinaweza kuchuja orodha ili kuondoa hariri ndogo zinazotolewa na kuagizwa moja kwa moja kwa kurasa ("[[bots]]"). <ref>{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=54}}</ref> Kutoka logi ya mabadiliko, kazi nyingine zinapatikana katika Wiki: [[historia ya marekebisho]] inaonyesha nakala za kurasa za mbeleni na sifa [[tofauti]] zinaonyesha mabadiliko kati ya nakala mbili. Kwa kutumia historia ya marekebisho, mhariri anaweza kuona na kurejesha toleo la awali la makala. Vipengele tofauti vinaweza kutumika kuamua kama hii ni muhimu au la. Mtumiaji wa Wiki wa mara kwa mara anaweza kuona tofauti ya hariri zinazoorodheshwa katika ukurasa wa "Mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni" na, ikiwa ni hariri isiyokubalika, angalie historia, na kurejesha hariri ya awali; mchakato huu kwa kiasi umelainishwa, kwa kutegemea programu ya Wiki iliyotumiwa. <ref>{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=178}}</ref> Iwapo hariri zisizokubalika zitakosa kuonekana katika ukurasa wa "mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni", baadhi ya Wiki zina [[injini]] za ziada kudhibiti yaliyomo. Inaweza kufuatiliwa ili kuhakikisha kwamba ukurasa, au seti ya kurasa, zinahifadhi ubora wake. Mtu aliye tayari kudumisha kurasa ataonywa kuhusu mabadiliko kwenye kurasa, itamruhusu kuthibitisha uhalali wa nakala mpya haraka. <ref>{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=109}}</ref> === Kutafuta === Wiki hutoa mara nyingi hutafuta anwani [[kutafuta]], na wakati mwingine [[makala kamili]]. Utafutaji zaidi hutegemea iwapo injini Wiki inatumia hifadhidata. Kupatikana kwa hifadhidata zilizopewa [[nambari]] ni muhimu kwa upatikanaji wa haraka katika Wiki kubwa. Wakati mwingine [[injini za utafutaji data]] kama vile [[Google]] zinaweza kutumika katika Wiki ambayo uwezo wake wa kutafuta ni mdogo ili kupata matokeo sahihi zaidi. Hata hivyo, mwelezo wa injini ya utafutaji unaweza kuwa umepitwa na wakati kama vile (siku, wiki au miezi) kwa tovuti nyingi. === Muundo wa programu === [[Programu ya Wiki]] ni aina ya [[programu shirikishi]] ambayo inaendesha mfumo wa Wiki, kuruhusu kurasa za mtandao kutengenezwa na kuhaririwa kwa kutumia [[kivinjari]] cha kawaida cha mtandao. Kwa kawaida hutekelezwa kama [[Sava tekelezi]] ambayo inaendeshwa kwa Sava moja au zaidi [[za mtandao]]. Maudhui huhifadhiwa katika [[mfumo wa faili]], na mabadiliko kwa maudhui yanahifadhiwa katika [[mfumo wa usimamizi hifadhidata wenye uhusiano]]. Vingine, [[Wiki za kibinafsi]] huendeshwa kama programu tekelezi za kujitegemea katika [[kompyuta]] moja, kwa mfano: [[WikidPad]]. === Uaminifu === Wakosoaji wa mifumo ya wiki inayohaririwa wanasema kwamba mifumo hii inaweza kuharibiwa kwa urahisi, wakati watetezi wanasema kuwa [[jumuiya]] ya watumiaji inaweza kupata maudhui yasiyo sahihi na kuyarekebisha. <ref name="Britannica"></ref> Lars Aronsson, [[mtaalamu]] wa mifumo ya [[takwimu]], anatoa muhtasari wa zogo hili kama ifuatavyo: {{cquote|Most people, when they first learn about the Wiki concept, assume that a Web site that can be edited by anybody would soon be rendered useless by destructive input. It sounds like offering free spray cans next to a grey concrete wall. The only likely outcome would be ugly graffiti and simple tagging, and many artistic efforts would not be long lived. Still, it seems to work very well.<ref name="ebersbach10"/>|}} === Usalama === Falsafa ya Wiki nyingi kuruhusu mtu yeyote kuhariri maudhui, haihakikishi kuwa kila mhariri ana nia njema. Uharibifu unaweza kuwa tatizo kuu. Katika Wiki kubwa, kama ile inayoendeshwa na [[wakfu wa Wikimedia]], uharibifu unaweza kukosa kuonekana kwa kipindi kirefu. Wiki kwa hali yake zimo hatarini kutokana na uharibifu wa kimakusudi, unaojulikana kama "habari za kichochezi". Wiki hupendelea kuchukua mwelekeo mwepesi kwa ''[[usalama]]'' <ref name="soft security">{{cite web|url=http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?SoftSecurity |title=Soft Security|accessdate=2007-03-09|publisher=[[UseModWiki]]|date=2006-09-20 }}</ref> mkabala na tatizo la uharibifu; kufanya kutengua uharibifu kuwa rahisi kuliko kujaribu kuzuia uharibifu. Wiki kubwa mara nyingi hutumia mbinu za hali ya juu, kama vile 'bots' ambazo hubaini na kurekebisha uharibifu na uendelezi wa JavaScript unaoonyesha herufi zilizoongezwa kwa kila hariri. Kwa njia hii uharibifu unaweza kupunguzwa hadi kiwango kidogo kama vile "uharibifu mdogo" au "uharibifu wa kimzaha", ambapo herufi zilizoongezwa/kuondolewa ni chache, hivyo bots zinakosa kuzitambua na watumiaji hawayapi kipaumbele. Kiasi cha uharibifu Wiki inaopata inategemea uwazi wa Wiki. Kwa mfano, baadhi ya Wiki zinawaruhusu watumiaji ambao hawaandikishwa, wanaobainishwa na [[anwani]] zao za [[IP]] kuhariri maudhui, ilhali nyingine zikiruhusu tendo hili kwa watumiaji waliojiandikisha tu. Wiki nyingi zinaruhusu watumiaji ambao hawajajiandikisha kuhariri, <ref>{{harv|Ebersbach|2008|p=108}}</ref> lakini watumiaji waliojiandikisha huwa na uwezo zaidi wa kuhariri; kwa Wiki nyingi, kuwa mwanachama ni mchakato rahisi. Baadhi ya Wiki uhitaji usubiri kwa muda fulani wa ziada kabla ya kuruhusiwa kupata [[zana]] fulani. Kwa mfano, kwa [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]], watumiaji waliojiandikisha wanaweza kuzibadilishia majina kurasa iwapo [[akaunti]] zao zimekaa angalau siku [[nne]]. Wiki nyingine kama vile [[Wikipedia ya Kireno]] hutumia mahitaji ya uhariri badala ya mahitaji ya muda tu, kupeana zana za ziada kwa mtumiaji baada ya kufanya hariri kadhaa kuonyesha [[uaminifu]] wake na umuhimu wake kama mhariri. Kimsingi, Wiki "zisizo wazi" ni salama zaidi na za kuaminika, lakini hukua polepole, wakati Wiki zilizo wazi hukua katika kiwango stedi lakini huwa shabaha rahisi kwa waharibifu. Mfano mwafaka wa jambo hili utakuwa ule wa Wikipedia na [[Citizendium]]. Ya kwanza ni wazi mno, inaruhusu mtu yeyote mwenye kompyuta na anayeweza kupata mtandao kuihariri, na kuifanya kukua kwa kasi, ilhali ya pili inahitaji 'jina halisi' la mtumiaji na [[wasifu]] wake, na kuathiri ukuaji wa Wiki lakini kujenga karibu mandhari isiyo na uharibifu. == Jamii == === Jamii za watumiaji === [[Jamii]] nyingi za Wiki ni za binafsi, hasa ndani ya [[makampuni]]. Hizo mara nyingi hutumiwa kama [[nyaraka za ndani]] za mifumo ya ndani na matekelezo. Pia kuna [[WikiNodes]] ambazo ni kurasa kwa Wiki ambazo zinaelezea kurasa zinazohusiana. Kupangwa kwao ni kama kwa majirani na wajumbe. Wiki ''jirani'' ni Wiki ambayo inaweza kujadili maudhui yanayofanana au vinginevyo inaweza kuwa ya manufaa. ''Wiki mjumbe'' ni Wiki ambayo inakubali kuachiwa maudhui fulani. Njia moja ya kupata Wiki zenye maudhui fulani ni kufuata mtandao wa wiki kutoka moja hadi nyingine; njia nyingine kwa mfano ni kufunga safari ya "basi la Wiki": {{srlink|Wikipedia:TourBusStop|Wikipedia's Tour Bus Stop}} [[Majina ya kimtandao]] yanayoihusisha "Wiki" yanazidi kupata umaarufu katika kusaidia sekta maalum. Kwa wale ambao wangependa kutengeneza Wiki zao wenyewe, zinapatikana Wiki za umma zinazoitwa "[[shamba za wiki]]", na baadhi yake zinaweza kutengeneza Wiki zinazohitaji [[neno la siri]] ili kutumia [[PBwiki]], [[Socialtext]], [[Wetpaint]] na [[Wikia]] ni mifano maarufu ya huduma hii. Kwa habari zaidi, tazama [[Orodha ya mashamba ya wiki]]. Kumbuka kwamba mashamba ya Wiki yana matangazo ya [[biashara]] katika karibu kila ukurasa. Wikipedia ya Lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] ina idadi kubwa sana ya watumiaji katika mtandao [[World Wide Web]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://s23.org/wikistats/largest_html.php?sort=users_desc&th=8000&lines=500|title=WikiStats by S23|accessdate=2007-04-07|publisher=S23Wiki|date=2008-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825164715/http://s23.org/wikistats/largest_html.php?sort=users_desc&th=8000&lines=500|archivedate=2014-08-25}}</ref>: imo miongoni mwa tovuti [[kumi]] zenye watumiaji wengi zaidi. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none|title=Alexa Web Search – Top 500|accessdate=2008-04-15|publisher=[[Alexa Internet]]|archivedate=2007-12-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221013528/http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none}}</ref> Wiki nyingine kubwa ni pamoja na [[WikiWikiWeb]], [[Memory Alpha]], [[Wikivoyage]], [[World66]] na [[Susning.nu]], hifadhi maarifa ya [[Kiswidi]]. === Jamii za utafiti === Wiki ni nyanja za utafiti mwingi. Mikutano miwili ya Wiki ijulikanayo vyema ni: * [[Kongamano la Kimataifa la Wiki]] ("WikiSym"), mkutano unaozingatia sana [[utafiti wa Wiki]] na matumizi yake kwa ujumla * [[Wikimania]], mkutano wa kufanyia utafiti na matumizi ya miradi ya [[wakfu wa Wikimedia]] kama vile Wikipedia. Pia kuna kuna jamii nyingi ndogo za kielimu zinazotumia programu ya Wiki au mbadala wake. 'Upelelezi wa falsafa' wa Wikidot ni moja ya zile zifahamikazo vyema zaidi. <ref name="timeshighereducation.co.uk">[47] ^ 'Fonti ya hekima yote, au siyo?' chake Martin Cohen, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&amp;storycode=406100&amp;c=1 Times Higher Education, 9 Aprili 2009,] iliyotizamwa 13 Aprili 2009. Tovuti hii sasa inahifadhiwa na Wikispot, ingawa kiungo ni. http://philosophical-investigations.wikispot.org/ {{Wayback|url=http://philosophical-investigations.wikispot.org/ |date=20091129104403 }}</ref> Katika makala ya Aprili 2009 ya [[gazeti]] la kitaalamu [[London Times]], [[mwanafalsafa]] [[Martin Kohen]] alitabiri kwamba mfumo wa 'chini hadi juu' ungekuja kuzidi matarajio ya "maktaba ya maarifa" kama Wikipedia na [[Wiktionary]]. <ref name="timeshighereducation.co.uk"></ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Masomo zaidi == * {{cite book|title=Wikipatterns|url=https://archive.org/details/wikipatternsapra00made|author=Mader, Stewart|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|date=2007-12-10|isbn=0470223626}} * {{cite book|title=Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything|url=https://archive.org/details/wikinomicshowmas0000taps_k4j5|author=Tapscott, Don|publisher=Portfolio Hardcover|date=2008-04-17|isbn=1591841933}} * {{cite book|title=The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999|author=Leuf, Bo|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|date=2001-04-13|isbn=020171499X}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm Wiki] katika [[JinsiVituVifanyavyoKazi.]] * [http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WelcomeVisitors WikiWikiWeb,] wiki ya kwanza * [http://www.wikipatterns.com/display/wikipatterns/Wikipatterns Wikipatterns.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wikipatterns.com/display/wikipatterns/Wikipatterns |date=20090917225548 }} kifaa cha miundo [[na zisizo miundo]], na mwongozo wa wiki kwa hatua kubwa za kufanywa katika kila hatua . * [http://www.artima.com/intv/wiki.html Kuchunguza na Wiki] mahojiano ya [[Ward Cunningham]], na Bill Verners. * [http://www.wikimatrix.org/ WikiMatrix] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wikimatrix.org/ |date=20160131033544 }} tovuti ya kulinganisha wiki. {{Mawikipedia}} [[Jamii:Intaneti]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Intaneti]] 1qccllfbrg4b6x85nieyz9ifz3jw9vn 0 21640 1579222 1522431 2026-07-12T19:37:56Z ~2026-39501-14 90894 /* */ 1579222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nshamba''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Muleba]] jimbo la Muleba Kusini katika [[Mkoa wa Kagera]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''35519''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2018-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805072810/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |archivedate=2018-08-05 }}</ref>. Ina [[vijiji]] zaidi ya 10 na [[Mtaa|mitaa]] au vitongoji zaidi ya 40. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 25,657 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 172 </ref>. Wakati wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 24,432 waishio humo.<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Kagera - Muleba-District-Council]</ref> Mbunge wa jimbo la Muleba Kusini, Mhe. Dkt. Oscar Ishengoma Kikoyo ni mzaliwa na mkazi wa kata ya Nshamba. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Muleba}} {{mbegu-jio-kagera}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Muleba]] 9plwq1nk2avm69patwdvg6xcmaf85y4 1579296 1579222 2026-07-13T10:31:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nshamba''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Muleba]] [[Jimbo la uchaguzi|jimbo la]] Muleba Kusini katika [[Mkoa wa Kagera]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''35519''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2018-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805072810/https://www.tcra.go.tz/images/documents/postcode/tzPostcodeList.pdf |archivedate=2018-08-05 }}</ref>. Ina [[vijiji]] zaidi ya 10 na [[Mtaa|mitaa]] au vitongoji zaidi ya 40. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 25,657 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 172 </ref>. Wakati wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 24,432 waishio humo.<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Kagera - Muleba-District-Council]</ref> Mbunge wa jimbo la Muleba Kusini, Dkt. Oscar Ishengoma Kikoyo, ni mzaliwa na mkazi wa kata ya Nshamba. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Muleba}} {{mbegu-jio-kagera}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Kagera]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Muleba]] 86gwgdqw351131ng18431e0mivvo5m2 0 34056 1579224 1292839 2026-07-12T22:07:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shule ya Upili ya Nyeri''' ni shule ya wavulana ya bweni iliyoko [[Nyeri]] karibu na [[Mathari Consolata Mission Hospital]] ambayo hutoa elimu ya sekondari kulingana na muundo wa [[8-4-4]]. Kando na kujulikana kama kigogo wa masomo katika eneo hilo,<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200802291039.html, Kenya: Murang'a, Nyeri High Schools Lead, AllAffrica.com</ref> shule hiyo pia inajulikana kwa ukosefu nidhamu uliofikia kilele pale viranja wanne wa shule walichomwa na moto uliosababishwa na mwanafunzi mwenzao<ref>http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/17072000/Features/Features4.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/17072000/Features/Features4.html |date=20031229101753 }}, Winjston J. Akala, A historia ndefu ya wanafunzi kutoridhika na yanayompata, Daily Nation</ref> na kufuatiwa miaka michache baadaye na mgomo wa mwanafunzi uliofanya afisa wa serikali kuchunguza uendeshaji wa shule. Mwaka 2006, Shule ya Upili ya Nyeri ilikuwa shule ya 22 bora zaidi nchini Kenya kulingana na matokeo ya [[Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education]]. ==Historia== Shule ilianzishwa mwaka 1907 kama shule ya msingi pamoja na, jirani Seminari ya Mtakatifu Paulo na Mathari Mission Hospital na [[Consolata Missionary]] Sisters juu ya sehemu ya ardhi iliyopatikana kutoka wakuu mtaa miaka michache mbeleni. Miaka ya 1930, Shule ilianza kupatiana vyeti vya K.A.P.E na wakati Kenya ilipata uhuru wake wa kisiasa mwaka 1963, ilikuwa imeendelea hadi kuwa Shule ya Upili iliyokuwa ikipatiana vyeti vya [[O-Level]] na [[A-Level]]. == Majina-pachika yanayojulikana== *'''Kiheho''' Jina linalitumiwa kurejerea baridi kali inayoadhiri shule. *'''Kimau''' jina la mwalimu ambaye ametumikia shule kwa muda mrefu zaidi. Sasa ni Naibu mkuu wa shule. *'''Kush''' Nickname naibu mkuu wa zamani ambaye aliwahi kuifanyia kazi shule. *'''Muhua''' inahusu kinywaji wakati mwingine hukosewa kwa chai. *'''Floater''' inahusu wanafunzi wasioweza kuwa na marafiki wanawake. *'''Amazon''' inahusu eneo rasmi la kuogelea kando ya njia ya "Monyon". *'''Kiama / maitho''' inarejerea mwalimu mkuu ambaye anaona hisia zaidi kuliko anachoongea. *'''Nyama''' inarejerea haki ya masaibu kwa mwanafunzi asiyependeza wale wengine. *'''kuuma new skul/Horizontal''' inrejerea kubebwa kwa longi yako tisti kwa lazima. *'''3sec maana haki ya masaibu''' *'''marobo inamaanisha uongo au mara nyingine, muziki wa mtaani''' ==Wasomi wa mbeleni wanaojulikana== *[[Mwai Kibaki]], Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kenya *[[Joseph Kamotho]] Mbunge wa Mathioya na aliyekuwa Waziri wa Elimu *[[John Njoroge Michuki]] Waziri wa Mazingira, Mbunge, Jimbo la Kangema *[[Karega Mutahi]] Katibu Mkuu, Wizara ya Elimu *[[Bonaya Godana]] Mbunge wa North Horr *[[Koigi Wamwere]] mbunge wa Nakuru Kaskazini (zamani Subukia) *[[Musikari Kombo]] Mbunge aliyependekezwa == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-elimu}} [[Jamii:Shule nchini Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Nyeri]] 3v13lmz1unsd3aarlpeb82ndpxk5s3m 0 35232 1579247 1336187 2026-07-13T00:38:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tedd Josiah''' (amezaliwa [[1970]]) ni [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alianza kama mwanamuziki, kwanza kwa muda mfupi akiwa na kundi ''Ebony Affair'' kabla ya kutengeneza kundi jipya, ''Hart'' mwaka 1993. Kundi lenyewe liltupiliwa mbali mwaka 1995 na alijiunga na ''Sync'' Yosia ''Studios Sound'' kama mtayarishaji<ref>[[The Standard]], 2 Februari 2007: [http://www.eastandard.net/mag/mag.php?id=1143964315&amp;catid=123 ''Tedd ranks artistes'' ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastandard.net/mag/mag.php?id=1143964315&catid=123 |date=20070927174502 }}</ref>. Mwaka wa 1999 aliondoka ''Sync Studios Sound'' na kuunda ''Audio Vault Studios'' <ref>[[Daily Nation]], 23 Mei 1999: [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/230599/Features/SE0.html ''Exciting tidings in store for local artistes and music lovers'' ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/230599/Features/SE0.html |date=20040111214053 }}</ref> Ilibadilishwa jina hadi ''Blu Zebra'' mwaka 2002. Anasifika kwa kuchapisha albamu za mkusanyiko zitwazo 'Kenyan, The First Chapter' na 'Kenyan, The Second Chapter'. Albamu hizi mbili ziliwahusisha [[Hardstone]], [[Kalamashaka]], [[Gidi Gidi Maji Maji]], [[Necessary Noize]], [[In-Tu]], [[Jimmy Gathu]], [[Maina Kageni]], [[Pete Odera]], [[Ndarling P]] na mwanamuziki kutoka [[Uganda]] [[Kawesa]]. Josiah pia ndiye mwanzilishi wa [[Tuzo za Kisima]] tuzo za kifaari za kila mwaka ambazo hufanyikia nchini Kenya. Alituzwa Mtayarishaji wa mwaka katika Tuzo za Kisima mwaka wa 2004, lakini alikataa tuzo hilo ni akitoa sababu kuwa nafasi yake kama mshirikishi wa tuzo hizo. Mwaka uliofuatia alijiuzulu kamati yake ya upangaji.. Kama studio nyingine nchini Kenya, Blu Zebra ina mtayarishaji mmoja na hufanya kazi kampuni ya uuzaji rekodi. Blu Zebra inaendelea kuwa moja ya studio zinazoongoza katika nchini Kenya, sambamba na [[Mandugu Digital]], [[Ogopa DJs]], [[Calif Records]], [[Homeboyz]], [[Jomino]] miongoni mwa nyingine. Tedd Josiah amefanya kazi na wanamuziki wengi maarufu wa Kenya kama [[Poxi Presha]] [[Suzzana Owiyo]] [[Achieng 'Abura]], [[Abbi]], na [[Kayamba]] miongoni mwa wengine. [[Kevin Wyre]] awali alifanya kazi kama mtayarishaji katika Blu Zebra Studios. Wyre pia ni mwanachama wa Necessary Noize. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Josiah, Tedd}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa tuzo ya Kisima]] 4a1kdf13drlimxfa043y0kj6qwxvgwb 0 35984 1579216 1391545 2026-07-12T17:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Precisionair.jpg|thumb|right|Nembo ya Precision Air]] [[Picha:Precision Air ATR 72-212A.jpg|thumb|Ndege ya shirika la precision nchini Tanzania ]] '''Precision Air''' ni [[kampuni]] ya [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] iliyo na makao yake jijini [[Dar Es Salaam]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Inahudumia [[watalii]] na [[wafanyabiashara]] wanaosafiri kati ya [[Uwanja wa ndege|viwanja vya ndege]] 10 nchini Tanzania, pamoja na ndege za kwenda nchi ya [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]. [[Makao makuu|Makao yake makuu]] ni kwenye [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere]], mjini [[Dar es Salaam]] na vituo viko kwenye viwanja vya ndege vya [[Kilimanjaro International Airport|Kilimanjaro]], [[Arusha Airport|Arusha]] na [[Mwanza Airport|Mwanza]]. ==Historia== Precision Air ilianzishwa mnamo [[1991]] na kuanza kutoa huduma mnamo [[1994]]. Hapo awali, kampuni hii ilikuwa ya binafsi, lakini [[Kenya Airways]] ilinunua 49[[%]] kwa [[$]] [[milioni]] 2, [[wiki]] chache tu baada ya [[South African Airways]] kununua 49% ya [[Air Tanzania]]. Asilimia 51 iliyobaki ni ya Michael Ngaleku Shirima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/12032003/News/News1203200336.html/ |title=KA eyes DSE, acquires Precision Air |accessdate=2010-01-28 |archive-date=2005-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314212011/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/12032003/News/News1203200336.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuanzia Oktoba [[2011]], Precision Air iliamua kuanza kuuza [[hisa]] zake katika [[soko la hisa la Dar es Salaam]] na hivyo [[umiliki]] wa Michael Shirima na Kenya Airways utapungua mpaka asilimia 33 kila mmoja. Baada ya kuanza kuuza hisa zake kwa [[umma]], Michael Shirima alitoa [[nusu]] ya hisa zake na Kenya Airways wakatoa nusu ya hisa zao. Kwa hivyo [[theluthi]] moja ya hisa hizo itamilikiwa na umma. [[Bei]] ya hisa moja inauzwa [[Shilingi ya Tanzania|Shilingi]] 475. ==Miji inayosafiria== [[Image:Precision Air ATR.JPG|thumb|right|Precision Air nchini Kenya.]] Precision Air inasafiri hadi [[miji]] ya [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Arusha]], [[Kigoma]], [[Kilimanjaro]], [[Musoma]], [[Mwanza]], [[Bukoba]], [[Shinyanga]], [[Tabora]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Mombasa]], [[Nairobi]], [[Entebbe]], [[Johannesburg]] na [[Hahaya]] Mkakati wa kwenda katika maeneo mengine bado unaandaliwa. ==Ndege zake== Hadi 26 Agosti 2009, Precision Air ilikuwa na ndege zifuatazo: * Ndege 4aina ya ATR42-400' * Ndege 5 aina ya ''ATR 72-500'' * Ndege 2 aina ya ''Boeing 737-300'' ===Zilizowekwa oda=== * Ndege 2 aina ya ''ATR 42-500'' * Ndege 1 aina ya ''ATR 72-500'' * Majina ya ndege hizo ni 5HPAA,5HPAG,5HPWE na 5HPWF ambazo ni ATR42'' * Nyingine ni 5HPWA,5HPWB,5HPWC,5HPWD na 5HPWG ambazo ni ATR72'' * Vile vile wana Boeing 737-300 mbili ambazo ni 5HPAZ na 5HPMS'' ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.precisionairtz.com/ Precision Air] {{en}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Kampuni ya ndege]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] h2hyyrxilyrklo5bmvd7wnzdluglev1 1579244 1579216 2026-07-12T23:48:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1579244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Precisionair.jpg|thumb|right|Nembo ya Precision Air]] [[Picha:Precision Air ATR 72-212A.jpg|thumb|Ndege ya shirika la precision nchini Tanzania ]] '''Precision Air''' ni [[kampuni]] ya [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] iliyo na makao yake jijini [[Dar Es Salaam]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Inahudumia [[watalii]] na [[wafanyabiashara]] wanaosafiri kati ya [[Uwanja wa ndege|viwanja vya ndege]] 10 nchini Tanzania, pamoja na ndege za kwenda nchi ya [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]. [[Makao makuu|Makao yake makuu]] ni kwenye [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere]], mjini [[Dar es Salaam]] na vituo viko kwenye viwanja vya ndege vya [[Kilimanjaro International Airport|Kilimanjaro]], [[Arusha Airport|Arusha]] na [[Mwanza Airport|Mwanza]]. ==Historia== Precision Air ilianzishwa mnamo [[1991]] na kuanza kutoa huduma mnamo [[1994]]. Hapo awali, kampuni hii ilikuwa ya binafsi, lakini [[Kenya Airways]] ilinunua 49[[%]] kwa [[$]] [[milioni]] 2, [[wiki]] chache tu baada ya [[South African Airways]] kununua 49% ya [[Air Tanzania]]. Asilimia 51 iliyobaki ni ya Michael Ngaleku Shirima.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/12032003/News/News1203200336.html/ |title=KA eyes DSE, acquires Precision Air |accessdate=2010-01-28 |archive-date=2005-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314212011/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/12032003/News/News1203200336.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuanzia Oktoba [[2011]], Precision Air iliamua kuanza kuuza [[hisa]] zake katika [[soko la hisa la Dar es Salaam]] na hivyo [[umiliki]] wa Michael Shirima na Kenya Airways utapungua mpaka asilimia 33 kila mmoja. Baada ya kuanza kuuza hisa zake kwa [[umma]], Michael Shirima alitoa [[nusu]] ya hisa zake na Kenya Airways wakatoa nusu ya hisa zao. Kwa hivyo [[theluthi]] moja ya hisa hizo itamilikiwa na umma. [[Bei]] ya hisa moja inauzwa [[Shilingi ya Tanzania|Shilingi]] 475. ==Miji inayosafiria== [[Image:Precision Air ATR.JPG|thumb|right|Precision Air nchini Kenya.]] Precision Air inasafiri hadi [[miji]] ya [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Arusha]], [[Kigoma]], [[Kilimanjaro]], [[Musoma]], [[Mwanza]], [[Bukoba]], [[Shinyanga]], [[Tabora]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Mombasa]], [[Nairobi]], [[Entebbe]], [[Johannesburg]] na [[Hahaya]] Mkakati wa kwenda katika maeneo mengine bado unaandaliwa. ==Ndege zake== Hadi 26 Agosti 2009, Precision Air ilikuwa na ndege zifuatazo: * Ndege 4aina ya ATR42-400' * Ndege 5 aina ya ''ATR 72-500'' * Ndege 2 aina ya ''Boeing 737-300'' ===Zilizowekwa oda=== * Ndege 2 aina ya ''ATR 42-500'' * Ndege 1 aina ya ''ATR 72-500'' * Majina ya ndege hizo ni 5HPAA,5HPAG,5HPWE na 5HPWF ambazo ni ATR42'' * Nyingine ni 5HPWA,5HPWB,5HPWC,5HPWD na 5HPWG ambazo ni ATR72'' * Vile vile wana Boeing 737-300 mbili ambazo ni 5HPAZ na 5HPMS'' ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.precisionairtz.com/ Precision Air] {{en}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Kampuni ya ndege]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] 94dfs0m7oz0159sgccd2qbrhv5cxg60 0 40193 1579225 896274 2026-07-12T22:54:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:SAS koncernbyggnad 2007.jpg|thumb|250px|''Makao makuu ya Scandinavian Airlines'']] [[Picha:Solna Municipality in Stockholm County.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Solna''' ni manispaa na mji nchini [[Uswidi]]. Mji ulianzishwa [[1943]]. Kuna wakazi 61,717 (mwaka 2005). Scandinavian Airlines iliyo na makao makuu mjini Solna. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 21.11 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Solna kyrka view1.jpg|''Kanisa la Solna'' Picha:LA2-Solna-centrum.jpg|''Ndani ya duka kubwa katika Solna'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.solna.se www.solna.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.solna.se/ |date=20151223044933 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] g8u44p5nbwo92m2b3mqmttfrpe8a41y 0 55317 1579221 899647 2026-07-12T19:30:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ronneby Kulturcentrum.jpg|thumb|250px|''Ronneby'']] [[Picha:SverigesLän2007Blekinge.svg|thumb|180px|]] [[Picha:Blekinge Municipalities.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Ronneby''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 11,767 (mwaka 2005).. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 7.66 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Stadshuset i Ronneby.jpg|''Ukumbi wa Ronneby'' Picha:Ronneby gamla vattentorn.jpg|'' Mnara wa maji katika Ronneby '' Picha:Ronneby kyrka.jpg| ''Kanisa la Msalaba Mtakatifu'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.ronneby.se www.ronneby.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ronneby.se/ |date=20121228010229 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] c76npyndg27h0isp01l9mj6epoi6tek 0 55792 1579245 899642 2026-07-12T23:51:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Söderhamns City - Oscarsborg - 13.jpg|thumb|350px|]] [[Picha:Söderhamn Municipality in Gävleborg County.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Söderhamn''' ([[kiswahili]]: Bandari ya kusinin) ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 12 056 (mwaka 2005). Mji ulianzishwa [[1620]]. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 10.36 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha: Söderhamns kyrka from east.jpg|''Kanisa la Eleonora'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.soderhamn.se www.soderhamn.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.soderhamn.se/ |date=20210417212139 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 9wjrqypoeby32zfiqprn86mpsz6rbhl 0 56304 1579232 899409 2026-07-12T23:17:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Oasen vid Stenungs Torg i Stenungsund, den 26 juli 2006.JPG|thumb|350px|Stenungsund]] [[Picha:Stenungsund Municipality in Västra Götaland County.png |thumb|250px|]] '''Stenungsund''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 10,067 (mwaka 2005). Iko kando ya [[Ziwa Vänern]]. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 11.14 [[km²]]. Iko kando ya [[Kattegat]]. Umbali na Jiji la [[Göteborg]] ni 30&nbsp;km. <gallery> Picha:Stenungsunds järnvägsstation, den 26 juli 2006, bild 1.JPG|''Kituo cha gari na treni yenye injini ya umeme'' Picha:Bostadshus vid hamnmiljön söder om Stenungs Torg i Stenungsund, den 26 juli 2006.JPG|''Nyumba za ghorofa katika Stenungsund'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.stenungsund.se/ www.stenungsund.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stenungsund.se/ |date=20210323183700 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] mz3hps8gr30x3uxthgrm4hxx8xk4h04 0 66587 1579206 1147519 2026-07-12T12:04:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muumba''' ni [[sifa]] mojawapo ya [[Mwenyezi Mungu]], kutokana na [[imani]] ya kwamba ndiye aliyesababisha vyote vianze na vidumu kuwepo. Imani hiyo katika [[Uyahudi]] na [[Ukristo]] inafafanua kwamba [[Mungu]] pekee ndiye aliyetokeza viumbe vyote kutoka [[utovu wa vyote]]. Katika [[dini]] zisizomsadiki Mungu mmoja tu, kazi ya [[uumbaji]] inafikiriwa kutokana na wahusika zaidi ya mmoja. ==Katika Biblia== Kadiri ya [[Biblia]], [[asili]] ya [[uhai]] wote ni Mwenyezi Mungu. “Hapo mwanzo Mungu aliziumba mbingu na nchi” ([[Mwa]] 1:1). Mungu aliumba vyote kwa kutaka tu, bila kutumia chochote. “Nakusihi, mwanangu, inua macho yako utazame mbingu na nchi, ukaone vitu vyote vilivyomo; fahamu kwamba Mungu hakuviumba kwa vitu vilivyokuwapo. Na ndivyo alivyofanya wanadamu pia” ([[2Mak]] 7:28). Anaambiwa: “Najua ya kuwa waweza kufanya mambo yote, na ya kuwa makusudi yako hayawezi kuzuilika” ([[Ayu]] 42:2). Mungu aliumba vyote bila kulazimika, kusudi tu adhihirishe na kushirikisha [[utukufu]] wake. “Mbingu zauhubiri utukufu wa Mungu, na anga laitangaza kazi ya mikono yake” ([[Zab]] 19:1). “Kwa kuwa vitu vyote vyatoka kwake, viko kwa uweza wake, tena vinarejea kwake. Utukufu una yeye milele. Amina” ([[Rom]] 11:36). Baada ya kuumba, Mungu anazidi kushughulikia viumbe vyake, akividumisha na kuviongoza vyote vifikie lengo alilovipangia. “Ndani yake yeye tunaishi, tunakwenda na kuwa na uhai wetu” ([[Mdo]] 17:28). Tunamtegemea pande zote: angetuacha kidogo tungetoweka mara. [[Yesu]] alipolaumiwa kwa kuponya [[watu]] [[siku]] ya [[pumziko]], alijitetea kwamba, “Baba yangu anatenda kazi hata sasa, nami ninatenda kazi” ([[Yoh]] 5:17). “Yeye hujishughulisha sana kwa mambo yenu” ([[1Pet]] 5:7). Ikiwa Mungu anatushughulikia, tunapaswa kujiachilia [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwake kwa [[moyo]] wa kitoto, tukiwajibika bila mahangaiko yanayowapata watu wasiomjua. “Waangalieni ndege wa angani, ya kwamba hawapandi, wala hawavuni, wala hawakusanyi ghalani; na Baba yenu wa mbinguni huwalisha hao. Ninyi je, si bora kupita hao?” ([[Math]] 6:26). “Nawe una nini usichokipokea?” ([[1Kor]] 4:7). “Nimrudishie Bwana nini kwa ukarimu wake wote alionitendea?” (Zab 116:12). Mungu akiwa [[wema]] mkuu na mwenye [[uwezo]] wote, hakuumba [[ubaya]] wowote. Tena kila anapovumilia ule uliosababishwa na viumbe vyenye [[hiari]] ([[malaika]] na [[binadamu]]) anaufanya uzae mema makubwa zaidi kwa njia tusizoweza kuzifahamu vizuri hapa [[duniani]]. “Mimi ni Yusufu, ndugu yenu, ambaye mliniuza kwenda Misri. Basi sasa, msihuzunike, wala msiudhike nafsi zenu, kwa kuniuza huku; maana Mungu alinipeleka mbele yenu kuhifadhi maisha ya watu… Nanyi kweli mlinikusudia mabaya, bali Mungu aliyakusudia kuwa mema, ili itokee kuokoa taifa kubwa, kama ilivyo leo” ([[Mwa]] 45:4-5; 50:20). ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.focus.org.uk/ God: new evidence – a series of six videos exploring how evidence from cosmic fine tuning points to the reality of a creator God] {{Wayback|url=http://www.focus.org.uk/ |date=20121114110802 }} *[http://johnlennox.org/index.php/en/resource/evidence_of_creator_in_nature/ John Lennox: Evidence of a Creator in Nature (Oxford University)] {{Wayback|url=http://johnlennox.org/index.php/en/resource/evidence_of_creator_in_nature/ |date=20121017080218 }} * [https://sw.godfootsteps.org Muumba] {{mbegu-dini}} [[Category:Mungu]] [[Category:Dini]] f3piw58s8dr8lfib527ck85se6t8evg 0 121926 1579217 1579002 2026-07-12T18:01:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579217 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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|date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] bgq3dplhs2yht5vo5w5dcdo9elascig 4 208508 1579208 1579171 2026-07-12T13:38:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1579208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-12) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-12)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 663 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 746 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2811 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1264 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 967 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 545 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 510 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2338 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 356 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34957 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30763 || ↑ +4.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 178.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2811 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2338 || ↑ +1864.7% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1264 || ↑ +5.6% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 822 || ↑ +153.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -0.1% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 659 || ↑ +207.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 644 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -12.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 545 || ↑ +9.2% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 510 || ↓ -35.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 122 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} bputgfng3m6kw5kmk31w1odjw60uoad 1579209 1579208 2026-07-12T13:40:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1579209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-12) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 60 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 73 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-12)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 663 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 746 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2811 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1264 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 967 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 545 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 510 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2338 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 356 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34961 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30763 || ↑ +4.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 178.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2811 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2338 || ↑ +1864.7% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1264 || ↑ +5.6% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 822 || ↑ +153.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -0.1% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 659 || ↑ +207.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 644 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -12.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 545 || ↑ +9.2% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 510 || ↓ -35.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.3% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 122 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} idn7wd86ac23tf2nhwt67v7xknba86b 1579219 1579209 2026-07-12T19:12:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1579219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-12) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-12)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 644 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2811 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1264 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 940 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 545 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 510 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2338 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 356 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34961 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30763 || ↑ +4.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 178.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2811 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2338 || ↑ +1864.7% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1264 || ↑ +5.6% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 822 || ↑ +153.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -0.1% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 659 || ↑ +207.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 644 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -12.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 545 || ↑ +9.2% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 510 || ↓ -35.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.3% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 122 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 8d7e1zkxxc6inas2cajlvbfo6gt1xm1 1579220 1579219 2026-07-12T19:14:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1579220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-12) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-12)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 644 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2811 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1264 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 940 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 545 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 510 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 822 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 372 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2338 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 356 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 659 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34966 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30321 || ↑ +5.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 176.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2811 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2338 || ↑ +1864.7% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1264 || ↑ +5.6% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 822 || ↑ +153.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -0.1% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 659 || ↑ +207.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 644 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -12.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 545 || ↑ +9.2% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 510 || ↓ -35.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} t424x186qt4emt5lh2h9ui2wa0ym3vq 1579267 1579220 2026-07-13T03:25:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1579267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-13) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-13)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2791 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1215 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 926 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 526 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 814 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2334 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 421 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34966 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30321 || ↑ +5.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 176.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2811 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2338 || ↑ +1864.7% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1264 || ↑ +5.6% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 822 || ↑ +153.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -0.1% |- | 6 || [[Kanada]] || 659 || ↑ +207.9% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 644 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 8 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -12.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 545 || ↑ +9.2% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 510 || ↓ -35.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 9q0tar85zjdprpe1helm2o0sozglhpd 1579268 1579267 2026-07-13T03:35:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1579268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-13) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-13)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2791 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1215 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 926 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 526 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 814 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2334 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 421 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34966 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 29628 || ↑ +2.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 172.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2791 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2334 || ↑ +1695.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1215 || ↓ -1.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 814 || ↑ +146.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↓ -1.9% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -9.6% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 618 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 8 || [[Kanada]] || 538 || ↑ +61.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 526 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 508 || ↓ -36.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} r0g6c2qmbwg4yph2testg7tsy05h5sx 1579276 1579268 2026-07-13T09:37:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1579276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-13) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-13)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2791 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1215 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 926 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 526 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 814 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2334 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 421 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34966 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 29628 || ↑ +2.7% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 172.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2791 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2334 || ↑ +1695.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1215 || ↓ -1.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 814 || ↑ +146.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↓ -1.9% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -9.6% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 618 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 8 || [[Kanada]] || 538 || ↑ +61.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 526 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 508 || ↓ -36.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} akwzrv7nbk10owi1l2quqm56t7l535j 1579277 1579276 2026-07-13T09:39:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1579277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-13) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-13)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 715 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2791 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1215 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 926 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 526 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 412 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 814 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2334 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 359 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 421 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34966 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30210 || ↑ +1.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 175.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2791 || ↑ +1.2% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 2334 || ↑ +1695.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1215 || ↓ -1.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 814 || ↑ +146.7% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 715 || ↓ -1.9% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 642 || ↓ -9.6% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 618 || ↓ -8.8% |- | 8 || [[Kanada]] || 538 || ↑ +61.1% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 526 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 508 || ↓ -36.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 606 || 43.2% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 25.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 129 || 9.2% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 126 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} rrti96udd974pt6v0e5z2zz8hdyivih 0 215076 1579218 1524214 2026-07-12T18:27:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior''' (alizaliwa [[Bor]], 15 Julai 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sudan Kusini]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama mmoja wa Makamu wa Rais wa Sudan Kusini.<ref name="sudantribune">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article69017|title=President Kiir appoint Machar FVP ahead of South Sudan new cabinet - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=sudantribune.com|date=17 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/south-sudan CIA Handbook, ''South Sudan'', retrieved 2024-07-07]</ref><ref name="theeastafrican.co.ke">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Riek-Machar-appointed-vice-president/4552908-5464888-5j0q7rz/index.html|title=Salva Kiir appoints Machar as First Vice President|website=The East African|date=5 July 2020|access-date=22 February 2020|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410222719/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Riek-Machar-appointed-vice-president/4552908-5464888-5j0q7rz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pia, yeye ni [[kiongozi]] wa Kikundi cha Jinsia na [[Vijana]].<ref>[https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/my-husband-died-in-vain-madam-nyandeng-laments Radio Tamazuj website, ''My husband died in vain'', article dated February 5, 2023]</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Yeye anatoka kabila la [[Wadinka]] katika Twic East County, Sudan Kusini. Mnamo mwaka wa 1986 alisafiri kwenda [[Kuba]] kwa mafunzo ya kijeshi. ==Nafasi katika Serikali ya Sudan Kusini== Baada ya kifo cha [[John Garang]], Jenerali [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] alichukua nafasi zake na kuwa Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais wa [[Sudan]] na baadaye Rais wa Sudan Kusini. Kiir alimteua Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior kuwa Waziri wa [[Barabara]] na Usafirishaji wa [[Sudan Kusini]]. Alibaki kuwa mdhamini hodari wa utekelezaji wa Makubaliano ya Amani Kamili yaliyosainiwa na John Garang kabla ya kifo chake mnamo [[30 Julai]] [[2005]]. Alidumisha sapoti kwa utekelezaji wa mchakato wa amani hadi Sudan Kusini ilipopata [[uhuru]] mnamo [[9 Julai]] [[2011]]. Mnamo 2005 alitembelea [[Marekani]] na kukutana na [[Rais wa Marekani]] [[George W. Bush]]. Alitoa ujumbe wa shukrani kwa ushiriki wa Marekani katika jitihada za amani Sudan Kusini. Mnamo 2009, Rais [[Obama]] aliendeleza juhudi hizo kwa kushirikiana na Katibu wa Jimbo [[Clinton]] na [[Balozi]] Rice kuhakikisha makubaliano ya amani yanafanyiwa utekelezaji nchini Sudan.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=JUBA |date=2024-08-25 |title=VP Nyandeng admits leaders have failed the people |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/vp-nyandeng-admits-leaders-have-failed-the-people |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt17079296/ IMDB website, ''No Simple Way Home'']</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |title=Generation Africa website, ''No Simple Way Home'' |accessdate=2025-09-29 |archive-date=2025-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114075041/https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/no-simple-way-home/a-67054427 Deutsche Welle website, ''No Simple Way Home'', article dated October 18, 2023]</ref><ref>[http://www.sudaneseonline.com/en2/publish/Articles_and_Analysies_12/Nyandeng_mother_of_corruption_Mother_of_corruption_Nyandeng_Garang_Ngino_Nyikako_USA.shtml Sudanese Online website]</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan Kusini]] o8zqblkfzk21ooqzj3jfdhkl9unglpl 1579246 1579218 2026-07-12T23:54:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1579246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior''' (alizaliwa [[Bor]], 15 Julai 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sudan Kusini]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama mmoja wa Makamu wa Rais wa Sudan Kusini.<ref name="sudantribune">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article69017|title=President Kiir appoint Machar FVP ahead of South Sudan new cabinet - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan|website=sudantribune.com|date=17 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/resources/world-leaders/foreign-governments/south-sudan CIA Handbook, ''South Sudan'', retrieved 2024-07-07]</ref><ref name="theeastafrican.co.ke">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Riek-Machar-appointed-vice-president/4552908-5464888-5j0q7rz/index.html|title=Salva Kiir appoints Machar as First Vice President|website=The East African|date=5 July 2020|access-date=22 February 2020|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410222719/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Riek-Machar-appointed-vice-president/4552908-5464888-5j0q7rz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pia, yeye ni [[kiongozi]] wa Kikundi cha Jinsia na [[Vijana]].<ref>[https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/my-husband-died-in-vain-madam-nyandeng-laments Radio Tamazuj website, ''My husband died in vain'', article dated February 5, 2023]</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Yeye anatoka kabila la [[Wadinka]] katika Twic East County, Sudan Kusini. Mnamo mwaka wa 1986 alisafiri kwenda [[Kuba]] kwa mafunzo ya kijeshi. ==Nafasi katika Serikali ya Sudan Kusini== Baada ya kifo cha [[John Garang]], Jenerali [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] alichukua nafasi zake na kuwa Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais wa [[Sudan]] na baadaye Rais wa Sudan Kusini. Kiir alimteua Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior kuwa Waziri wa [[Barabara]] na Usafirishaji wa [[Sudan Kusini]]. Alibaki kuwa mdhamini hodari wa utekelezaji wa Makubaliano ya Amani Kamili yaliyosainiwa na John Garang kabla ya kifo chake mnamo [[30 Julai]] [[2005]]. Alidumisha sapoti kwa utekelezaji wa mchakato wa amani hadi Sudan Kusini ilipopata [[uhuru]] mnamo [[9 Julai]] [[2011]]. Mnamo 2005 alitembelea [[Marekani]] na kukutana na [[Rais wa Marekani]] [[George W. Bush]]. Alitoa ujumbe wa shukrani kwa ushiriki wa Marekani katika jitihada za amani Sudan Kusini. Mnamo 2009, Rais [[Obama]] aliendeleza juhudi hizo kwa kushirikiana na Katibu wa Jimbo [[Clinton]] na [[Balozi]] Rice kuhakikisha makubaliano ya amani yanafanyiwa utekelezaji nchini Sudan.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=JUBA |date=2024-08-25 |title=VP Nyandeng admits leaders have failed the people |url=https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/vp-nyandeng-admits-leaders-have-failed-the-people |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Radio Tamazuj |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt17079296/ IMDB website, ''No Simple Way Home'']</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |title=Generation Africa website, ''No Simple Way Home'' |accessdate=2025-09-29 |archive-date=2025-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114075041/https://www.generationafrica.co.za/films/no-simple-way-home/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/no-simple-way-home/a-67054427 Deutsche Welle website, ''No Simple Way Home'', article dated October 18, 2023]</ref><ref>[http://www.sudaneseonline.com/en2/publish/Articles_and_Analysies_12/Nyandeng_mother_of_corruption_Mother_of_corruption_Nyandeng_Garang_Ngino_Nyikako_USA.shtml Sudanese Online website]</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan Kusini]] 0wrgqu1yv35kl1afkqooh8ev4b00zfp 0 225988 1579272 1498489 2026-07-13T06:25:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yassin Tallal Amiri''' (amezaliwa [[3 Februari]], [[2005]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayocheza hasa kama [[winga]] wa kushoto kwa klabu ya Getafe CF B. Amezaliwa nchini [[Hispania]], lakini anaiwakilisha [[Morocco]] national football team katika ngazi ya chini ya miaka 20. == Wasifu wa klabu == Amezaliwa Madrid kwa [[wazazi]] wa asili ya Morocco, Tallal alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa CF Rayo Majadahonda mwaka 2014 akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa. Kabla ya msimu wa 2023–24, alihamia Getafe CF na kuanza katika kikosi cha [[vijana]] cha Juvenil A.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/yassin-tallal-tras-su-debut-intente-jugar-con-descaro-n/|title=Yassin Tallal, tras su debut: "Intenté jugar con descaro"|trans-title=Yassin Tallal, after his debut: "I tried to play with audacity"|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|language=es|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=30 April 2024|archive-date=2024-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430140443/https://as.com/futbol/yassin-tallal-tras-su-debut-intente-jugar-con-descaro-n/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/primera-division/cronica/2024/04/21/6624ece822601d197e8b458f.html|title=Empate fantasma entre Getafe y Real|trans-title=Ghost draw between Getafe and Real|publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|language=es|date=21 April 2024|accessdate=30 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/el-debut-de-yassin-tallal-con-el-getafe-cf/|title=El debut de Yassin Tallal con el Getafe CF|trans-title=The debut of Yassin Tallal with Getafe CF|publisher=Juvenil División de Honor|language=es|date=23 April 2024|accessdate=30 April 2024}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2005|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] svknweh1m7cev5gsac0zs3fmm19up97 0 228450 1579214 1571167 2026-07-12T14:55:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwatoyin Adepeju Odeku''' ni profesa wa dawa na teknolojia ya dawa, msimamizi wa kitaaluma, na mshauri kutoka nchini Nigeria. Ana mahusiano na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], ambapo alifanya kazi kama Mkuu wa Kitengo cha Famasia. Anajulikana kwa kufanya utafiti anaoufanya katika mifumo ya uundaji na utoaji wa dawa, pamoja na michango yake katika kuwashauri wanawake katika sayansi. <ref name="african_scientists">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oluwatoyin Odeku Profile|url=https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/|work=African Scientists Directory|accessdate=17 March 2026|archive-date=2026-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260419222924/https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Odeku alisoma Shahada ya Kwanza ya Famasia (B.Pharm.) kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ife ambacho sasa kinajulikana kama Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo, [[Ile-Ife]], nchini Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria – Architectural Complexities in a Tropical Climate|url=https://access.thebrightcontinent.org/items/show/27|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=Bright Continent|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alisoma Shahada yake ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.Sc.), mnamo mwaka wa 1992 na Shahada ya Uzamivu ya Falsafa (PhD) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan, nchini Nigeria. <ref name="african_scientists"/> Pia amehitimu shahada ya Udaktari katika Famasia (PharmD) kutoka katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Benin]] na amepokea elimu katika usimamizi wa elimu ya juu nchini [[Ujerumani]] . <ref name="naip">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Oluwatoyin A. Odeku|url=https://staging.naipnigeria.org/professor-oluwatoyin-a-odeku-2/|work=NAIP Nigeria|accessdate=17 March 2026}}</ref> Profesa Odeku alisoma masomo yake ya udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hebrew, Yerusalemu, nchini Israeli. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=View Biography {{!}} Pharma Conferences {{!}} Pharmaceutical Conference {{!}} Pharma 2024 {{!}} Conferences 2024 {{!}} Switzerland Conferences {{!}} Global Pharma {{!}} World Pharma {{!}} Meetings {{!}} Gatherings|url=https://unitedscientificforum.com/pharmaceuticalresearch/view-biography.php?member=29https://unitedscientificforum.com/pharmaceuticalresearch/view-biography.php?|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=unitedscientificforum.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Alianza kazi yake ya kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan mnamo mwaka wa 1993, kama Mhadhiri Msaidizi. Alipanda cheo hadi cheo cha kuwa profesa mnamo mwaka wa 2008. <ref name="daad">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Oluwatoyin Odeku Biography|url=https://static.daad.de/media/daad_de/pdfs_nicht_barrierefrei/infos-services-fuer-hochschulen/projektsteckbriefe/daad_gender_conference_proceedings_2017.pdf|work=DAAD|accessdate=17 March 2026}}</ref> Amekuwa Profesa wa Dawa na Teknolojia ya Dawa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Frontiers Media SA|date=2026|title=Oluwatoyin Odeku|url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1629791/overview|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=frontiersin}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Odeku|url=https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=African Scientists Directory|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260419222924/https://africanscientists.africa/business-directory/odeku/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika (ASS) mnamo mwaka wa 2022. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ORCID|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=orcid.org}}</ref> Ameshikilia nafasi kadhaa za uongozi, zikiwa ni pamoja na, Mkuu wa Idara, Wa Kitengo cha Famasia, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bloomsbury|date=2026|title=Oluwatoyin A. Odeku|url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/AU/author/oluwatoyin-a-odeku/?__cf_chl_tk=XC3AtweoASNTEtkv56OaQraHMhgEibLcK4lEexWGkqc-1773339425-1.0.1.1-atCWul0xKN5HVWx44Gke.AjE_31UoVpDj2Cb5y7EWpE|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=bloomsbury}}</ref> Mkurugenzi, Ofisi ya Programu za Kimataifa, Mkuu wa Idara (Kaimu) na Mkuu wa Idara.(Amehitimu Shahada yake ya Kwanza). <ref name="daad"/> == Ushauri na utetezi == Odeku alianzisha Mtandao wa Maendeleo ya Wanawake katika Kielimu (WAAN) mnamo mwaka wa 2018, mpango wa ushauri unaolenga kuboresha nia ya utafiti na maendeleo ya kazi miongoni mwa wanawake wasomi. <ref name="nature">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mentorship is a way of paying it forward|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00337-x|work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|accessdate=17 March 2026|date=12 December 2024|author=Odeh|first=Onche}}</ref> Kazi yake ya ushauri inahusika na changamoto wanazokutana nazo wanawake katika sayansi, ikiwa ni pamoja na usawa wa kazi na maisha na vikwazo vya kitaasisi. <ref name="nature"/> == Tuzo na utambuzi == Odeku amepokea tuzo kadhaa, kama ifuatavyo: * Yeye ni Mshiriki kutoka katika Chuo cha Sayansi cha nchini Nigeria, Chama cha Madawa cha Nigeria, na Chuo cha Madawa cha Nigeria . <ref name="naip"/> == Ushirika wa kitaaluma == Odeku ni mwanachama wa mashirika mengine ya kisayansi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Chama cha Sayansi cha nchini Nigeria na Chuo cha Sayansi cha barani Afrika. <ref name="alumniportal">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Equal opportunities for women in Nigeria|url=https://www.alumniportal-deutschland.org/en/magazine/alumni-stories/equal-opportunities-women-nigeria/|work=Alumniportal Deutschland|accessdate=17 March 2026|date=2025-02-25|author=Scheffer|first=Ulrike|archive-date=2026-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420134037/https://www.alumniportal-deutschland.org/en/magazine/alumni-stories/equal-opportunities-women-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Odeku ni mwanachama wa Shirika la Wanawake katika Sayansi Dunia ya Maendeleo (OWSD). Pia ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Wanafamasia la nchini Nigeria na Jumuiya ya Madawa ya nchini Nigeria. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oluwatoyin Odeku {{!}} OWSD|url=https://owsd.net/person/oluwatoyin-odeku|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=owsd.net}}</ref> Pia anafanya kazi, kama Balozi wa Humboldt na Mwanasayansi kutoka nchini Nigeria. <ref name="alumniportal"/> Odeku ameloewa na ana watoto; pia ameongelea umuhimu wa usaidizi wa kifamilia katika kuwawezesha wanawake kufuata taaluma za kitaaluma. <ref name="alumniportal"/> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] eorlawukjox4307ef3blynotmbvl2sh 0 229720 1579274 1508176 2026-07-13T07:02:56Z Zubeda Saidy 90902 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 1579274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Ikeji-Kanu''' (alizaliwa 15 Machi 1988) ni mjasiriamali wa urembo kutoka [[Nigeria]] na mmoja wa washawishi wakubwa wa mitindo na urembo nchini humo. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya vipodozi iitwayo ''LauraBeauty'' na pia alishiriki katika kipindi cha uhalisia cha televisheni cha Showmax ''The Real Housewives of Lagos''. Ni mdogo wa mwanablogu maarufu wa Nigeria, Linda Ikeji. == Maisha ya awali na familia == Laura Ikeji alizaliwa na kukulia Nigeria. Yeye ni dada mdogo wa Linda Ikeji, mmoja wa wanablogu mashuhuri nchini Nigeria. Ameolewa na Christopher Kanu, na harusi yao ya kiserikali ilifanyika tarehe 19 Januari 2017 mjini Lagos, Nigeria. Harusi ya kimila ilifanyika katika Jimbo la Imo tarehe 28 Januari 2017. Wawili hao walipata mtoto wao wa kwanza, Ryan Kanu, mwezi Julai 2017 nchini Marekani. == Kazi == Laura Ikeji-Kanu ni mwanzilishi wa chapa ya vipodozi ''LauraBeauty''. Amejijengea umaarufu kama mshawishi wa mitindo na urembo kupitia mitandao ya kijamii na ushirikiano na makampuni mbalimbali. Mwaka 2017 alisaini mkataba wa ubalozi wa chapa na kampuni ya nywele BK Unique Hair Inc pamoja na Rita Dominic. Mwaka 2018 aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa Payporte, kampuni ya mtandaoni iliyohusishwa na Big Brother Naija. Pia alishirikiana na Gtex Homes kama balozi wa chapa. Mwaka 2018 alizindua manukato yake yaliyoitwa ''Incomplete'', ambayo yaliuzwa kabla ya tarehe ya uzinduzi kutokana na mahitaji makubwa ya awali. == Vyombo vya habari == Laura amewahi kuonekana kwenye majarida mbalimbali ya mitindo na [[maisha]]. * Mwaka 2018 alionekana kwenye ''The Guardian Life Magazine'' ambapo alizungumzia kitabu chake ''How To Make Money On Instagram''. * Pia alionekana kwenye ''TW Magazine'' pamoja na mwigizaji Omoni Oboli. == Filamu na televisheni == * ''Undercover Lover'' (2015) – Barbara * ''Sugar Rush'' (2019) – Mgeni * ''The Real Housewives of Lagos'' (2022) – Nafsi yake mwenyewe == Tuzo na heshima == Mwaka 2018, Laura Ikeji alikuwa miongoni mwa watu waliotunukiwa na ECOWAS Female Parliamentarians Association (ECOFEPA) pamoja na watu mashuhuri kama Yemi Osinbajo na [[Aliko Dangote]]. == Maisha binafsi na maslahi == Mbali na biashara ya mitindo, Laura ana shauku kubwa katika usanifu wa ndani (interior design). Mwaka 2024 alitembelea showroom ya Mayluv World huko Lagos, ambapo alionesha mapenzi yake kwa muundo wa nyumba za kifahari na mapambo ya ndani. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wanawake wa Nigeria]] ozm9csm4fuxeamzuwvwmyppquncq19z 0 232983 1579237 1539049 2026-07-12T23:24:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Ackroyd''' (alizaliwa Juni 5, 1956) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Canada]], aliyekuwa [[mlinzi]] wa usalama (safety) na mpokeaji mpana (wide receiver) kwa timu za Toronto Argonauts na Hamilton Tiger-Cats katika Ligi ya Soka ya Canada (CFL). Mnamo 1983, alishinda Kombe la Grey la 71 akiwa na Argonauts.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ackroyd, Steve - Toronto Argonauts Alumni Association|url=http://argoalumni.com/ackroyd-steve/,%20http://argoalumni.com/ackroyd-steve/|date=2016-01-18|accessdate=2026-05-09|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0ukonzb63swr58j853uxkdu0jgs0mdh 0 233214 1579226 1539338 2026-07-12T23:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souleyman Diabate''' (alizaliwa Machi 23, 1991) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Mali]] anayekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji (striker) kwa klabu ya Abahani Limited Dhaka katika Ligi Kuu ya Bangladesh (Bangladesh Premier League). == Maisha ya Klabu == Diabate alicheza kwa klabu ya Can Tho FC kuanzia 2010 hadi 2014, kisha akaendelea na Long An FC hadi 2016. Baadaye alirejea Mali kuchezea klabu ya ASOM mwaka 2017–2018. Mnamo Mei 2019, alisaini na klabu ya Mohammedan SC. == Maisha ya Kibinafsi == Mnamo Aprili 2023, Diabate alionesha nia ya kuiwakilisha Bangladesh katika ngazi ya kimataifa baada ya kupata [[uraia]] wa [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=দিয়াবাতে খেলতে চান বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় দলে {{!}}|url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/sport-news/2023/04/12/875906|work=bd-pratidin.com|date=2023-04-12|accessdate=2026-05-09|language=bn|author=Bangladesh Pratidin|archive-date=2025-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525090053/https://www.bd-pratidin.com/sport-news/2023/04/12/875906|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Mafanikio == Akiwa na Mohammedan SC: * Bingwa wa Bangladesh Premier League 2024–25 * Bingwa wa Federation Cup 2022–23 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Mali]] 20g7vu4edg5ncwhjczy8nrfopy0f76u 0 238640 1579223 1550442 2026-07-12T21:11:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergey Nikanorovich Sirotkin''' (14 Aprili 1952 – 28 Mei 2023) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyekuwa mwanachama wa [[Duma ya Taifa]] kupitia Chama cha Kiliberali cha Kidemokrasia cha Urusi (LDPR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldpr.ru/#power/State_Duma/deputys/Sirotkin_Sergey|script-title=ru:Сироткин Сергей Никанорович|publisher=Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|language=Russian|accessdate=19 July 2013|archive-date=2012-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224073453/http://ldpr.ru/#power/State_Duma/deputys/Sirotkin_Sergey|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Duma ya Taifa kuhusu Sera ya Kiuchumi, Ujasiriamali na Utalii. Hapo awali alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti, na alijiunga na chama cha LDPR mnamo mwaka 1991. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Amri na Uhandisi cha Krylov na alifanya kazi katika jeshi. Kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2000, Sirotkin alikuwa mbunge wa Baraza la Kutungia Sheria la Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa pili (2nd convocation).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/zakonodatelnoe-sobranie-2-go-sozyva/|title=Законодательное собрание 2-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920172313/https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/zakonodatelnoe-sobranie-2-go-sozyva/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 2 Machi 2008, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Duma ya Mkoa wa Ivanovo katika mkutano wa tano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|title=Ивановская областная Дума 5-го созыва|website=www.ivoblduma.ru|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110162254/https://www.ivoblduma.ru/about/istoriya-dumy/ivanovskaya-oblastnaya-duma-5-go-sozyva/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|2023}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] s8fmtjj05colutriqr8nmsbqhlvr2s5 0 239732 1579207 1555518 2026-07-12T12:55:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nathaniel Spens''' (17 Aprili 1728 – 21 Juni 1815) alikuwa daktari wa Uskoti ambaye alihitimu kama Mwanachama wa Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh kisha baadaye akazidi kuvutiwa na tiba ya ndani (physic). Alipata shahada ya MD kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha St Andrews na baadaye akawa Mwanachama wa Royal College of Physicians of [[Edinburgh]] na hatimaye Rais wa chuo hicho. [[File:Nathaniel Spens x.jpg|thumb|Dkt. Nathaniel Spens (1728–1815) akiwa amevaa sare ya Royal Company of Archers. 1793. Picha hii ni nakala ya mchoro wa awali wa Sir Henry Raeburn.]] == Kazi yake == Nathaniel Spens alikuwa mwanachama wa familia ya Clan Spens iliyokuwa na mali ya Lathallan huko Fife. Alikuwa mtoto wa Thomas Spens, Laird wa 15 wa Lathallan, na mke wake Janet (née Douglas).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I38964&tree=CC|title=Dr](https://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info/genealogy/TNGWebsite/getperson.php?personID=I38964&tree=CC|title=Dr) Nathaniel Spens, of Craigsanquhar b. 17 Apr 1728 d. 21 Jun 1815: MacFarlane Clan & Families Genealogy|website=[www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info](http://www.clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info)}}</ref> Alidahiliwa katika Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh tarehe 24 Julai 1751.<ref name="list">Gairdner, J. List of Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from the year 1581 to 1873. Edinburgh 1874. [https://archive.org/stream/b21465812/b21465812_djvu.txt](https://archive.org/stream/b21465812/b21465812_djvu.txt)</ref> Baada ya kufanya kazi kama mpasuaji mjini Edinburgh, alianza kupendelea zaidi tiba ya ndani (physic), akawa Leseni (Licentiate) wa Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh mwaka 1773 na Mwanachama mwaka uliofuata. Mwaka 1794 alihudumu kama Rais wa chuo hicho baada ya kuwa Mweka Hazina wake. Mwaka 1773 alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Aesculapian Club.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Minute Books of the Aesculapian Club|url=[http://archives.rcpe.ac.uk/calmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DEP%2fAEC%2f1&pos=2|location=](http://archives.rcpe.ac.uk/calmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DEP%2fAEC%2f1&pos=2|location=) Library of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Harveian Society of Edinburgh tarehe 12 Aprili 1782 na aliwahi kuwa Rais wake mwaka 1789.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=[https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ww4e59xv|title=A](https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ww4e59xv|title=A) Record of the Edinburgh Harveian Society|last=Watson Wemyss|first=Herbert Lindesay|publisher=T&A Constable, Edinburgh|year=1933|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1792 alinunua shamba la Craigsanquhar huko Fife, ambalo zamani lilikuwa sehemu ya mali ya familia ya Lathallan lakini liliuzwa mwaka 1524.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/famgen/getperson.php?personID=I27392&tree=tree1|title=Levi](http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/famgen/getperson.php?personID=I27392&tree=tree1|title=Levi) Hunter b. 1837 Mercer County, Pennsylvania d. Yes, date unknown: Douglas Family History|website=[www.douglashistory.co.uk](http://www.douglashistory.co.uk)}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1728|1815}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uskoti]] q92y2yn2ffntxvm2b670dedqdj5uq8s 0 241313 1579264 1578349 2026-07-13T02:23:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1579264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[jiwe]]<ref name="NatGeo">{{ cite news | url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/expedition-week/4290/facts | title=The First Jesus? | publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] | access-date=5 August 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819141040/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/expedition-week/4290/facts | archive-date=19 August 2010 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> lenye [[maandishi]] ya [[mtindo wa kiapokalipti]] lakini [[Kanuni ya Biblia|hakikukubaliwa]] kama [[Neno la Mungu]]. Liliandikwa kwa [[Kiebrania]] katika [[karne ya 1 KK]] au [[karne ya 1]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Maandiko ya kiapokalipti]] == Tanbihi == {{marejeo}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin|40em}} * {{cite journal |last=Atkinson |first=Kenneth |date=2018 |title=The Gabriel Revelation (Hazon Gabriel): A Reused Masseba Forgery? |journal=Qumran Chronicle |location=Moligany, Poland |publisher=The Enigma Press |issn=0867-8715 |volume=26 |number=3 |pages=113–127 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40999787 }} * {{cite book |last=Aus |first=Roger D. |chapter=Jesus as a Nazirite in Mark 14:25 par., and Joseph's reunion meal in Judaic tradition |editor-last=Evans |editor-first=Craig A. |editor-last2=Johnston |editor-first2=J.J. |title=Searching the Scriptures: Studies in Context and Intertextuality |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |series=The Library of New Testament Studies |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-567-66383-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9O-ECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |page=81ff }} * {{cite journal |last=Bar-Asher |first=Moshe |title=On the Language of 'The Vision of Gabriel' |journal=Revue de Qumran |volume=23 |number=4 |year=2008 |pages=491–524 |jstor=24663069 }} * {{cite news |last=Bronner |first=Ethan |author-link=Ethan Bronner |date=6 July 2008 |title=Ancient Tablet Ignites Debate on Messiah and Resurrection |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/06/world/middleeast/06stone.html |access-date=29 September 2017 }} * {{cite book |last=Byun |first=Seulgi L. |title=The Influence of Post-Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic on the Translator of Septuagint Isaiah |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |series=The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-567-67239-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpmqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 }} * {{cite book |last=Collins |first=J.J. |chapter=Gabriel and David: Some reflections on an enigmatic text |title=Apocalypse, Prophecy, and Pseudepigraphy: On Jewish Apocalyptic Literature |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4674-4383-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdofCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |page=127ff }} * {{cite book |last1=Dimant |first1=D. |last2=Kottsieper |first2=I. |title=The Dead Sea Scrolls in Scholarly Perspective: A History of Research |publisher=Brill |series=Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah |year=2012 |isbn=978-90-04-20806-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6AQwnnEi6wC&pg=PA239 }} * {{cite journal |last=Elgvin |first=Torleif |year=2014 |title=Eschatology and Messianism in the Gabriel Inscription |journal=Journal of the Jesus Movement in Its Jewish Setting from the First to the Seventh Century |volume=1 |pages=5–25 |url=http://www.jjmjs.org/uploads/1/1/9/0/11908749/elgvin_gabriel_inscription.pdf |access-date=29 September 2017 }} {{small|This paper reworks and combines Elgvin's prior work on the Gabriel Revelation.}} * {{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Estrin |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jerusalem-unveils-mysterious-hebrew-stone |title=Mysterious Hebrew stone displayed in Jerusalem |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=30 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503093324/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jerusalem-unveils-mysterious-hebrew-stone |archive-date=3 May 2013}}<!-- Also at http://www.daily-chronicle.com/2013/05/01/mysterious-hebrew-stone-displayed-in-jerusalem/aarmbv1/ --> * {{cite book |last=Evans |first=Craig A. |author-link=Craig A. Evans |title=Jesus and the Ossuaries |publisher=Baylor University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-918954-88-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beoorz4Jk3sC&pg=PA116 }} * {{cite book |last=Gaines |first=J.M.H. |title=The Poetic Priestly Source |publisher=Augsburg Fortress, Publishers |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-5064-0046-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pnHhCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 }} * {{cite journal |last=Goren |first=Yuval |year=2008 |title=Micromorphologic Examination of the 'Gabriel Revelation' Stone |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |volume=58 |number=2 |pages=220–229 |jstor=27927206}} * {{cite magazine |last=Halkin |first=Hillel |date=8 July 2008 |title=Blurry 'Vision of Gabriel' |magazine=[[The New York Sun]] |url=https://www.nysun.com/opinion/blurry-vision-of-gabriel/81384/ |access-date=14 October 2021 }} * {{cite journal |last=Hamidovic |first=David |year=2012 |title=An Eschatological Drama in Hazon Gabriel: Fantasy or Historical Background? |journal=Semitica |volume=54 |pages=233–250 |id=oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_11BDA2887951 |issn=0373-630X }} * {{cite magazine |last=Hendel |first=Ronald |year=2009<!-- Published online in 2008 --> |title=The messiah son of Joseph: Simply sign |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/scholars-study/the-messiah-son-of-joseph/ |magazine=[[Biblical Archaeology Review]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |page=8 }} * {{cite book |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011a |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC }} [https://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/pubs/063529P.front.pdf Table of contents and preface] * {{cite book |last=Henze |first=Matthias |chapter=Some Observations on the Hazon Gabriel |pages=113–29 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/download/36222284/Henze.Hazon_Gabriel.PDF |access-date=29 September 2017 |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011b |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA113 }} * {{cite book |last=Hutchinson |first=R.J. |title=Searching for Jesus: New Discoveries in the Quest for Jesus of Nazareth—and How They Confirm the Gospel Accounts |publisher=Thomas Nelson |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7180-1849-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09dhCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117 }} * {{cite book |last=Jeselsohn |first=David |chapter=The Jeselsohn Stone: Discovery and Publication |pages=1–10 |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA1 }} * {{cite book |last=Justnes |first=Årstein |date=16 January 2015 |chapter=Hazon Gabriel: A Modern Forgery? |title=Material Philology in the Dead Sea Scrolls: New Approaches for New Text Editions: Proceedings of the International Conference at the University of Copenhagen, 3–5 April, 2014 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/24056084 |access-date=29 September 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Also published as {{cite speech |last=Justnes |first=Årstein |date=16 January 2015 |title=Hazon Gabriel: A Modern Forgery? |event=Holy Scriptures Forum |location=Norway |publisher=University of Agder |url=http://scriptures.typepad.com/nytestamentlig-fagforum/2014/12/ |access-date=29 September 2017 |ref=none |archive-date=2023-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517055108/https://scriptures.typepad.com/nytestamentlig-fagforum/2014/12/ |url-status=dead }} <!-- earlier non-english work: Justnes, Årstein. "Gabriels åpenbaring (Hazon Gabriel)-En moderne forfalskning?" Teologisk tidsskrift 3.02 (2015): 120-130. --> * {{cite journal |last1=Justnes |first1=Årstein |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Josephine Munch |year=2020 |title=Hazon Gabriel: A Display of Negligence |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=384 |pages=69–76 |s2cid=225553689 |doi=10.1086/709464}} * {{cite journal | last=Klawans | first=Jonathan | title=Deceptive Intentions: Forgeries, Falsehoods and the Study of Ancient Judaism | journal=Jewish Quarterly Review | publisher=Project Muse | volume=108 | issue=4 | year=2018 | issn=1553-0604 | doi=10.1353/jqr.2018.0030 | pages=489–501| s2cid=165452745 | doi-access=free }} * {{cite news |last=Knohl |first=Israel |author-link=Israel Knohl |title=In three days, you shall live |work=Haaretz |date=19 April 2007 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4816749 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208123626/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4816749 |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 February 2018 |access-date=7 February 2018 }} * {{cite journal |last=Knohl |first=Israel |year=2008a |title="By Three Days, Live": Messiahs, Resurrection, and Ascent to Heaven in Hazon Gabriel |journal=The Journal of Religion |publisher=University of Chicago Press |volume=88 |issue=2 |issn=0022-4189 |doi=10.1086/525562 |pages=147–158 |s2cid=170794593 }} * {{cite book |last=Knohl |first=Israel |year=<!--2011 |orig-year=-->2008b |chapter=The Gabriel Revelation and the Birth of Christianity |pages=435–476 |editor-last=Schiffman |editor-first=Lawrence H. |editor-last2=Roitman |editor-first2=Adolfo D. |editor-last3=Tzoref |editor-first3=Shani |title=The Dead Sea Scrolls and Contemporary Culture: Proceedings of the International Conference held at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem (July 6-8, 2008) |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-18593-7 |doi=10.1163/ej.9789004185937.i-770 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080710052556/http://www.imj.org.il/DSS_conference_2008/abstracts.html#Knohl abstract] * {{cite magazine |last=Knohl |first=Israel |year=2008c |title=The Messiah son of Joseph: 'Gabriel's revelation' and the Birth of a New Messianic Model |magazine=Biblical Archaeology Review |volume=34 |number=5 |pages=58–62 |url=https://c795631.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/gabriels_revelation.pdf#page=8 |access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929233022/https://c795631.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/gabriels_revelation.pdf#page=8 |url-status=dead }} The translation from this document has been republished and is available online at {{cite web |last=Knohl |first=Israel |date=15 July 2008 |title='Gabriel's Revelation' Tablet Translation Now Available on Hartman Website |website=Shalom Hartman Institute |url=https://hartman.org.il/SHINews_View.asp?Article_Id=162 |access-date=31 January 2018 |archive-date=1 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201192931/https://hartman.org.il/SHINews_View.asp?Article_Id=162 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Knohl |first=I. |title=Messiahs and Resurrection in 'The Gabriel Revelation' |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |series=The Robert and Arlene Kogod Library of Judaic Studies |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4411-1486-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2fOBAAAQBAJ }} * {{cite book | last=Knohl | first=Israel | chapter=The Apocalyptic and Messianic Dimensions of the Gabriel Revelation in Their Historical Gontext | editor-last=Henze | editor-first=Matthias | title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation | publisher=Brill | series=Early Judaism and its literature | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA39 | pages=39–60 }} * {{cite journal |last=Koller |first=Aaron |title=Book Review: Henze, Matthias, ed. Hazon Gabriel |journal=Review of Biblical Literature |year=2014 |volume=16 |pages=74–78 |url=http://fontes.lstc.edu/~rklein/Doc15/koller.pdf |access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232338/http://fontes.lstc.edu/~rklein/Doc15/koller.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Novenson |first=M.V. |title=The Grammar of Messianism: An Ancient Jewish Political Idiom and Its Users |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-19-025502-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPdKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA176 |page=176ff }}<!-- more in this source --> * {{cite book |last=O'Connell |first=J.H. |title=Jesus' Resurrection and Apparitions: A Bayesian Analysis |publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4982-2559-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLlyDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Qimron |first1=Elisha |last2=Yuditsky |first2=Alexey (Eliyahu) |year=2009 |title=Notes on the So-called 'Vision of Gabriel' Inscription |journal=Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv |volume=123 |pages=133–144 |language=he |jstor=23408340 }}. An abbreviated version{{sfn|Koller|2014}} was published as {{cite book |last1=Qimron |first1=Elisha |last2=Yuditsky |first2=Alexey (Eliyahu) |chapter=Notes on the So-Called Gabriel Vision Inscription |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA31 |pages=31–38 }} * {{cite book |last=Rendsburg |first=Gary |chapter=Hazon Gabriel: A Grammatical Sketch |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA61 |pages=61–92 }} * {{cite book | last=Septimus | first=Y. | title=On the Boundaries of Talmudic Prayer | publisher=Mohr Siebeck | series=Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism | year=2015 | isbn=978-3-16-153421-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bL0yh0aW95UC&pg=PA153 | access-date=8 February 2018 }} * {{cite journal |last=Schniedewind |first=W. M. |year=2005 |title=Prolegomena for the Sociolinguistics of Classical Hebrew |journal=Journal of Hebrew Scriptures |volume=5 |doi=10.5508/jhs.2004.v5.a6 |url=https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jhs/index.php/jhs/article/view/5757 |issn=1203-1542 |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book |last=Terry |first=M. |title=Reader's Guide to Judaism |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-135-94150-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aw5EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA551 }} * {{cite book |last=Witherington |first=B. |title=The Indelible Image: The Theological and Ethical Thought World of the New Testament: The Collective Witness |publisher=InterVarsity Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8308-3862-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LhmU7erHYHQC&pg=PA211 }} Republished in {{cite book |last=Witherington |first=B. |title=New Testament Theology and Ethics |publisher=InterVarsity Press |volume=2 |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-8308-9984-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OwYwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 }} * {{cite journal |last=Yardeni |first=Ada |year=2008 |title=A New Dead Sea Scroll in Stone? Bible-like Prophecy Was Mounted in a Wall 2,000 Years Ago |journal=Biblical Archaeology Review |volume=34 |number=1 |url=https://c795631.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/gabriels_revelation.pdf#page=3 |access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929233022/https://c795631.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/gabriels_revelation.pdf#page=3 |url-status=dead }} [https://members.bib-arch.org/biblical-archaeology-review/34/1/16 From BAR website] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130404024948/http://www.bib-arch.org/archive.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=34&Issue=1&ArticleID=16&extraID=14 HTML archive without sidebars] * {{cite journal |last1=Yardeni |first1=Ada |last2=Elizur |first2=Binyamin |year=2007 |title=A First-Century BCE Prophetic Text Written on a Stone: First Publication |journal=Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv |volume=123 |pages=155–166 |language=he |jstor=23407585 }}, translated with minor additions{{sfn|Koller|2014}} in {{cite book |last1=Yardeni |first1=Ada |last2=Elizur |first2=Binyamin |chapter=A Hebrew Prophetic Text on Stone from the Early Herodian Period: A Preliminary Report |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |series=Early Judaism and its literature |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA11 |pages=11–29 }} * {{cite journal |last=Young |first=Ian |year=2013 |title=Book Review: Hazon Gabriel: New Readings of the Gabriel Revelation |journal=Review of Biblical Literature |volume=15 |pages=211–215 |url=https://www.academia.edu/13584258 }}<!-- http://prophetess.lstc.edu/~rklein/Doc14/ianyoung.htm --> {{refend}} ===Subnotes=== {{reflist}} == Marejeo mengine == {{refbegin|40em}} * {{cite book |last=Beskow |first=Per |chapter=Modern Mystifications of Jesus |editor-last=Burkett |editor-first=Delbert |title=The Blackwell Companion to Jesus |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |location=Oxford, UK |date=26 August 2010 |pages=458–473 |isbn=978-1-4443-2794-6 |doi=10.1002/9781444327946.ch28 }} * {{cite book |last=Capes |first=David B. |chapter=’Jerusalem’ in The Gabriel Revelation and the Revelation of John |pages=173–186 |editor-last=Henze |editor-first=Matthias |title=Hazon Gabriel: New readings of the Gabriel Revelation |publisher=Brill |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58983-541-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA173 }}. An earlier draft of this chapter was published as {{cite book |last=David B. |first=Capes |date=24 January 2013 |title='Jerusalem' in The Gabriel Revelation and the Revelation of John |url=https://davidbcapes.com/articles/not-so-brief-articles/jerusalem-in-the-gabriel-revelation/ |access-date=29 September 2017 }} * {{cite web |last=Cohen-Matlofsky |first=Claude |title=Hazon Gabriel: A Social Historian's Point of View |website=The Bible and Interpretation |url=http://bibleinterp.com/opeds/coh368019.shtml |access-date=8 February 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729033457/http://www.bibleinterp.com/opeds/coh368019.shtml |url-status=dead }} * {{cite conference |last=García |first=E. Macarena |year=2016 |title=Messianism and Resurrection in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls |event=St. Andrews Symposium for Biblical and Early Christian Studies Son of God: Divine Sonship in Jewish and Christian Antiquity June 6–8, 2016 |url=https://www.academia.edu/26179848 }} * {{cite journal |last=Hamidovic |first=David |year=2009 |title=La vision de Gabriel |journal=Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=147–168 |doi=10.3406/rhpr.2009.1389 |id=oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_46BAAA309892 |issn=0035-2403 |language=fr}} * {{cite journal |last=Hazen |first=Craig |year=2009 |title=Gabriel's Revelation |journal=Christian Research Journal |volume=32 |number=2 |url=http://www.equip.org/article/gabriels-revelation/ |access-date=29 September 2017 }} [http://www.equip.org/PDF/JAF2322.pdf PDF] <!-- At a conference at the [[Israel Museum]] in Jerusalem between 6 and 8 July 2008, marking the 60th anniversary of the discovery of the Dead Sea scrolls, Knohl gave a paper on the tablet.{{sfn|Bronner|2008}}--> * {{cite magazine |last=Tabor |first=James |author-link=James Tabor |year=2013 |title=The 'Gabriel Stone' on Display |magazine=[[Bible History Daily]] |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/inscriptions/the-gabriel-stone-on-display/ |access-date=8 February 2018 }} * {{cite journal |last=Tripp |first=Jeffrey M. |title=A Revelation from Gabriel to Nathan? The Herodian Temple and the Ideology of the Davidic Covenant in the Hazon Gabriel |journal=Annali di Storia dell'Esegesi |volume=31 |number=1 |year=2014 |pages=7–27 |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0001988525 |url-access=subscription |via=EBSCO }} ([https://asejournal.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/ase-31-1-abstracts.pdf abstract])<!-- probably most important source --> * {{cite magazine |last=Tabor |first=James |date=13 May 2013 |author-link=James Tabor |title=The "Gabriel Stone" on Display |magazine=Bible History Daily |publisher=Biblical Archeology Society |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/inscriptions/the-gabriel-stone-on-display/ |access-date=29 September 2017 }} * {{cite journal |author=원용국 |title=사해사본에 나타난 "요셉의 아들 그 메시야 |trans-title=The messiah, the son of Joseph |work=성경과 고고학 <!--Bibles and Archeology --> |volume=72 |year=2012 |pages=4–18 |url=http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE01804237 |language=Korean }} {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101224092040/http://www.bib-arch.org/news/dssinstone_english.pdf English translation] from {{harvnb|Yardeni|2008}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120515235133/http://www.bib-arch.org/images/DSS-stone-hebrew.jpg Hebrew text] from {{harvnb|Yardeni|2008}} * {{cite web |last=Yardeni |first=Ada |title=Untitled [Drawing of Hebrew as it is written on the stone] |date=14 March 2007 |url=http://www.nfc.co.il/uploadFIles/848324000835419.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110201612/http://www.nfc.co.il/uploadFIles/848324000835419.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2008}} {{mbegu-kitabu}} [[Jamii:maandiko ya kiapokalipti]] [[Jamii:Uyahudi]] droce9r4nzjq2bdzt9fmlv4bch5w97n 0 242043 1579227 2026-07-12T23:08:14Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363861132|Laïla Marrakchi]]" 1579227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|native_name={{lang|ar|ليلى المراكشي}}|image=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|networth=}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ic1nuztvetowgiugk9c0cyp3tvql4hb 1579228 1579227 2026-07-12T23:09:12Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|native_name={{lang|ar|ليلى المراكشي}}|image=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|networth=}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} n74gwyvj1llvqdrxmms7i5guxxmjug6 1579229 1579228 2026-07-12T23:11:32Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Muongoza Filamu}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} lysvhajv5sziuadkjds68ij9a4bim2m 1579230 1579229 2026-07-12T23:14:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Muongoza Filamu}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 8ubub6sf7nitiqm29iqwflajojtbnze 1579231 1579230 2026-07-12T23:15:36Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} qa9koyx15veskpdfcdc9w89wp7cqmmf 1579233 1579231 2026-07-12T23:17:43Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} fdjxbwmfg09fotqn7dr3095fthwsp7d 1579234 1579233 2026-07-12T23:19:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 2rhr8seesnk97p2l6ckr3ulair3e3ud 1579235 1579234 2026-07-12T23:22:51Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca. Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005. Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 6vytedywu9aent3w50i7en3c7y30rks 1579236 1579235 2026-07-12T23:24:16Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Elimu na Kazi */ 1579236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005. Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} m5ttxhvajpty6xt5fn92ljval6ed3db 1579238 1579236 2026-07-12T23:25:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005. Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ar6473b71dtwp2ed0dc82ic4keuelp9 1579239 1579238 2026-07-12T23:27:37Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Elimu na Kazi */ 1579239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 42uoqb62jku1h89twenfnnk66yql45r 1579240 1579239 2026-07-12T23:31:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Elimu na Kazi */ 1579240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 8s1oc7r0s3u6c1w8ats59hgussz44ng 1579241 1579240 2026-07-12T23:32:47Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Elimu na Kazi */ 1579241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} 6527dh9v3nhwvk6ccyx6eb3z8wm8wwy 1579242 1579241 2026-07-12T23:35:32Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} mlfxsyk78z2bxtwxfeobpb644ljlljv 1579243 1579242 2026-07-12T23:37:04Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Maisha binafsi */ 1579243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Kifaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Cite web|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} bvwxye7e81m4240ke1accs1gm3t5ott 1579248 1579243 2026-07-13T01:28:55Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1579248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Ufaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Cite web|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} l5v7a81h0s6h9jnr75o855tr8uumdvg 1579263 1579248 2026-07-13T02:21:33Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1579263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Ufaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Cite web|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] cbcdbjh75bk9t4aqriw0odgmvb8jao5 1579269 1579263 2026-07-13T05:08:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1579269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}}'''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa filamu wa Ufaransa na Moroko. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini Casablanca.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] t5quaka43td61z01tz3qvhv8wginkcj 1579297 1579269 2026-07-13T10:34:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1579297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laila Marrakchi.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2006}} '''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni mtayarishaji na mwandishi wa filamu wa [[Ufaransa]] na [[Moroko]]. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini [[Casablanca]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] q0splohmwjf6ypt69ai1i8n0tvd4cqs 3 242044 1579278 2026-07-13T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579278 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) aylp0x53xu41g3kpbchwqzrpakzail6 3 242045 1579279 2026-07-13T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579279 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) aylp0x53xu41g3kpbchwqzrpakzail6 3 242046 1579280 2026-07-13T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579280 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) aylp0x53xu41g3kpbchwqzrpakzail6 3 242047 1579281 2026-07-13T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579281 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) aylp0x53xu41g3kpbchwqzrpakzail6 3 242048 1579282 2026-07-13T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579282 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) aylp0x53xu41g3kpbchwqzrpakzail6 3 242049 1579283 2026-07-13T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579283 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242050 1579284 2026-07-13T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579284 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242051 1579285 2026-07-13T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579285 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242052 1579286 2026-07-13T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579286 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242053 1579287 2026-07-13T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579287 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242054 1579288 2026-07-13T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579288 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) 5gcp43vanzlrjhqdirr97maerm475yz 3 242055 1579289 2026-07-13T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579289 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242056 1579290 2026-07-13T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579290 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242057 1579291 2026-07-13T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579291 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242058 1579292 2026-07-13T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579292 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242059 1579293 2026-07-13T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579293 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242060 1579294 2026-07-13T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579294 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) hfirlkg73xhp44n4m6u61r8ep041mr7 3 242061 1579295 2026-07-13T09:51:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1579295 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) s42drhzyssb2855xi4g97yh33n71z26