Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2161 1580652 1520850 2026-07-20T06:41:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania Mtwara location map.svg|thumb|right|260px|Mahali pa Mkoa wa Mtwara katika Tanzania]] [[Picha:Mikindani_bay_from_boma.jpg|thumb|Mikindani Bay]] '''Mtwara''' ni [[jina]] la [[mji]] na [[mkoa]] wa [[Tanzania]] wenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] 63000. '''Mkoa wa Mtwara''' ni mmojawapo kati ya [[Mkoa|mikoa]] [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|31 ya]] [[Tanzania]]. Uko katika pembe ya [[kusini]]-[[mashariki]] kabisa la nchi. Umepakana na [[Mkoa wa Lindi]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa mashariki, [[Msumbiji]] upande wa kusini na [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma]] upande wa [[magharibi]]. Mpaka wa kusini ni [[Mto Ruvuma]]. Ukiwa na [[km²]] 16,720 tu Mtwara ni katika ya mikoa midogo zaidi nchini. Jumla kuna wakazi 1,634,947 waishio huko kadiri ya [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref> (kutoka 1,270,854 wa [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, uk. 87, Table 9.0: Population of Mtwara Region |accessdate=2016-05-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225919/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-03 }}</ref>, hivyo ongezeko ni dogo kuliko mikoa mingine mingi. Mkoa ni maarufu kwa [[uzalishaji]] mkubwa wa [[korosho]]. ==Wakazi== [[Wanawake]] wanazidi wakiwa [[asilimia]] 53 ya wakazi wote kwa sababu [[wanaume]] wengi hutoka nje kutafuta [[kazi]]. Kati ya [[Kabila|makabila]] ya Mtwara ndio [[Wamakonde]] wanaojulikana zaidi kutokana na [[sanaa]] yao ya [[uchongaji]] wa [[ubao]], hasa [[mpingo]], lakini yapo mengine kama vile [[Wayao (Tanzania)|Wayao]] na [[Wamakua]]. ==Utawala== Kuna [[wilaya]] 9: [[Mtwara Mjini]] (pia iliitwa "Mikindani"), [[Wilaya ya Mtwara Vijijini|Mtwara Vijijini]], [[Masasi (mji)|Masasi Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Masasi|Masasi]], [[wilaya ya Nanyamba|Nanyamba]], [[wilaya ya Nanyumbu|Nanyumbu]], [[Newala (mji)|Newala Mjini]], [[Wilaya ya Newala|Newala]] na [[Wilaya ya Tandahimba|Tandahimba]]. Ndani yake kuna [[tarafa]] 31, [[kata]] 191, mitaa 188 na [[Kijiji|vijiji]] 785 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://mtwara.go.tz/statistics |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-06-27 |archive-date=2025-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627142739/https://mtwara.go.tz/statistics |url-status=dead }}</ref>. ==Uchumi== Mtwara iko kati ya mikoa iliyobaki nyuma miaka mingi kutokana na ugumu wa [[mawasiliano]] na [[barabara]] isiyopitika kwa sehemu kubwa ya kila mwaka. [[Historia]] ya Mtwara inakuja sambamba na kumbukumbu la jaribio la [[Waingereza]] la kuanzisha mradi mkubwa wa [[maendeleo]] katika eneo hili ulioshindikana kabisa. Kuanzia mwaka [[1947]] [[serikali]] ya kikoloni ilijenga [[bandari]] ya Mtwara pamoja na [[reli]]. Vilevile [[Mtwara mjini]] ilipangwa vizuri na kubwa. Sababu yake ilikuwa mpango wa kuanzisha [[kilimo]] cha [[Shamba|mashamba]] makubwa kwa ajili ya [[karanga]] hasa zilizohitajika kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya Waingereza ya [[mafuta]] ya kupikia. Mradi huo ulishindikana kabisa, [[pesa]] nyingi zilipotea hadi mradi ulifutwa kabla ya Tanzania kupata [[uhuru]]. Reli iliondolewa tena mwaka [[1963]]. Bandari imebaki ambayo haijaona kazi nyingi lakini bado ina faida ya kuwa na nafasi nzuri sana ya kupokea [[meli]] kubwa. Wakati wa mapambano dhidi ya serikali ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]] katika [[Afrika Kusini]] mipango mbalimbali ilitungwa kutengeneza njia ya kupeleka [[bidhaa]] kutoka bandari ya Mtwara kwenda [[Songea]] na kutoka huko [[Malawi]] kwa kuvuka [[Ziwa Nyasa]]. Baada ya kujengwa kwa [[daraja]] juu ya [[mto Rufiji]] mwaka [[2002]] kuna matumaini mpya ya kuwa na barabara inayotumika kati ya Mtwara na [[Dar es Salaam]]. Eneo la [[Mnazi Bay]] lina [[gesi]] inayoweza kutumika kwa mahitaji ya [[nishati]] ya eneo lote. Tegemeo kubwa la uchumi kwa mkoa wa Mtwara ni [[kilimo]], hasa cha [[zao]] la [[korosho]] kwa [[wakulima]] wa wilaya zote za mkoa. Kwa miaka ya karibuni wilaya ya Tandahimba na Masasi ndizo zimekuwa wazalishaji wa kiwango cha juu wa korosho. Pia mfumo wa stakabadhi ghalani umesaidia kwa kiasi fulani kwa miaka ya awali ya uanzishwaji mfumo huo (msimu wa 2008/2009) kwa miaka iliyofuata vyama vya msingi vimeonekana kuelemewa na mfumo huo na kusababisha sintofahamu inayoweza kurekebishwa kwa kuwahusisha wadau wote wa zao la korosho. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Mtwara Mjini : mbunge ni [[Maftah Abdallah Nachuma]] ([[CUF]]) * Mtwara Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Hawa Ghasia]] ([[CCM]]) * Nanyamba : mbunge ni [[Abdalah Chikota]] ([[CCM]]) * Nanyumbu : mbunge ni [[William Dua Mkurua]] ([[CCM]]) * Ndanda : mbunge ni [[Cecil Mwambe]] ([[Chadema]]) * Newala Mjini : mbunge ni [[Kapteni George Mkuchika]] ([[CCM]]) * Newala Vijijini : mbunge alikuwa hayati [[Rashid Ajali Akbar]] ([[CCM]]) * Tandahimba : mbunge ni [[Katani Ahmad Katani]] ([[CUF]]) * Masasi : Rashid Chuachua -->(CCM) * Lulindi : ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Mtwara]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Mtwara.pdf Mtwara Region socioeconomic profile (1997)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/Mtwara.pdf |date=20210721115229 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031215152319/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/mtwara.htm Mtwara Region Homepage for the 2002 Tanzania National Census] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Tanzanian Government Directory Database] {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-mtwara}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|M]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mtwara| ]] sr1vkq0ynjlg3e1wwrmldy3doc974p8 0 2175 1580651 1520843 2026-07-20T06:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Mara |settlement_type = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |native_name = |picha_ya_satelite = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg |ukubwawapicha = 100px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Nembo ya Tanzania]] |nickname = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Tanzania Mara location map.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Mahali pa Mkoa wa Mara katika [[Tanzania]] |coordinates_region = TZ |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name1 = 7 |subdivision_type2 = [[Mji mkuu]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Musoma (mji)|Musoma]] |leader_title = Mkuu wa Mkoa |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 30150 |area_land_km2 = 19208 |area_water_km2 = 10942 |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2022 |population_note = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 2,372,015 |latd=1|latm=33 |lats=|latNS=S |longd=34|longm=1 |longs=|longEW=E |elevation_m = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = http://www.mara.go.tz/ |footnotes = }} '''Mkoa wa Mara''' ni kati ya [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa 31]] ya [[Tanzania]]. Unapakana na [[Kenya]] upande wa [[mashariki]], mikoa jirani ya [[mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] na [[mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] upande wa [[kusini]], [[mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] upande wa kusini-mashariki, hatimaye [[Ziwa Nyanza]] (au Viktoria) upande wa [[magharibi]]. [[Jina]] linatokana na lile la [[mto Mara]]. Eneo la mkoa ni la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 30,150, lakini kwa [[asilimia]] 36 ni [[maji]]. Sehemu kubwa ya [[Hifadhi ya Wanyama ya Serengeti]] iko ndani ya Mkoa wa Mara. [[Idadi]] ya wakazi ilikuwa 2,372,015 wakati wa [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>, kutoka 1,743,830 wa sensa ya mwaka 2012 <ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Mara Region]</ref>, na 1,368,602 wa sensa ya [[2002]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/mara.htm |title=Mara Region Homepage for the 2002 Tanzania National Census |accessdate=2003-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215152000/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/mara.htm |archivedate=2003-12-15 }}</ref>. [[Musoma]] ndio [[makao makuu]] ya [[mkoa]]. Kuna [[wilaya]] 9 zifuatazo katika mkoa wa Mara: [[wilaya ya Bunda Mjini|Bunda Mjini]], [[wilaya ya Bunda|Bunda Vijijini]], [[wilaya ya Serengeti|Serengeti]], [[wilaya ya Tarime|Tarime Vijijini]], [[wilaya ya Tarime Mjini|Tarime Mjini]], [[wilaya ya Rorya|Rorya]], [[wilaya ya Butiama|Butiama]], [[Musoma mjini]] na [[Wilaya ya Musoma|Musoma vijijini]]. Una [[postikodi]] namba 31000. ==Makabila== [[Kabila|Makabila]] ya Mara ni mengi kuliko mikoa yote ya Tanzania, kama vile [[Waluo]], [[Wajita]], [[Waruri]], [[Wazanaki]], [[Wakuria]], [[Wakabwa]], [[Wakiroba]], [[Wasimbiti]], [[Wangoreme]], [[Wakwaya]], [[Waikoma]], [[Wanata]], [[Waisenye]], [[Waikizu]], [[Wasizaki]], [[Wasukuma]], [[Wataturu]] na makabila madogo kama [[Wanandi]], [[Wakisii]] au [[Wamaragori]]. Kuna jumla ya makabila 30 yanayodai kujitegemea. Jamii zinazosahaulika huunganishwa katika [[kundi]] la [[Wasuba]] (Wategi, ambao pia huitwa Abhathegi maarufu kama Abhagirango, Waugu, Warieri, Wakine, Wasweta na Waganjo, Wagire, Wakiseru, Wakamageta na Waturi). Baadhi ya jamii hizo zilimezwa na mila, lugha na desturi za Waluo zikaitwa Suba-Luo. Baadhi ya jamii kwa upande wa [[Kenya]] iliyotawaliwa na [[Waingereza]] katika [[Kaunti za Kenya|kaunti]] za [[kaunti ya Migori|Migori]] na [[kaunti ya Homa Bay|Homa Bay]] huitwa [[Wasuna]], [[Wagwasi]], [[Waungoe]], [[Wakajulu]] na [[Wakadem]]. Hata hivyo habari hizi bado zinafanyiwa utafiti kuangalia muingiliano wa lugha na tofauti za kilahaja kati ya jamii moja na nyingine hasa zilizopo Tanzania. Itakumbukwa jamii nyingi ziliingia upande wa Kenya kabla ya nchi za [[Afrika Mashariki]] kupata [[uhuru]]. Zipo tafiti nyingi siku hizi ambazo zinajaribu kubainisha makundi ya jamii hizo lakini muingiliano bado haujapatiwa [[ufafanuzi]] makini. Kimsingi Mkoa wa Mara una jamii hizo zipatazo 30 lakini lugha kuu ni [[Saba (namba)|saba]] tu na nyingine ni lahaja kutokana na makundi ya lugha hizi: Luo, Kuria, Sukuma, Suba, Shashi, Zanaki na Taturu. Yapo makundi ya Wanata, Waisenye na Wataturu, Wazanaki (kundi lake: Kabwa, Kirobha, Wasimbiti, Wairienyi, Waikizu, Wangoreme), Luo (Wakowak, Wakamoti), Wakuria (Nyebhasi, Nyamongo, Wanchari, Wasweta, Wakenye, Warenchoka, Watimbaru, Waregi, hadi 14/15), Sukuma, Nyantuzu na Shashi (Wajita, Wakwaya, Waruri, Wakerewe, Wakara). Jamii zote humezwa katika makundi saba ya lugha kuu lakini kila jamii inajitofautisha kwa lahaja yake. Ni jamii za [[Kibantu]] peke yake zinazoweza kuwasiliana na kuelewana kukiwa na tofauti kidogo katika [[matamshi]] ya [[neno|maneno]]. Ukichunguza zaidi, wakazi wa asili wa Mkoa wa Mara ni makabila makuu mawili yenye uhusiano wa karibu sana, yaani Wakurya (na vikabila kadhaa: Wakurya ni jina ‘linalobeba’ mengi ya yale yanaoyoitwa 'makabila' mkoani Mara, ambayo tafsiri yake halisi ni 'vikabila'<ref>Kwa hiyo unapotaja 'vikabila' vya Wakurya, kwa usahihi, utataja, pamoja na vinginevyo: Abhatimbaru (Watimbaru), Abhakira (Wakira), Abhanyamongo (Wanyamongo), Abhasubha (Wasuba), Abhakerobha (Wakiroba), Abhakabhwa (Wakabwa), Abhasimbete (Wasimbiti), Abhaikoma (Waikoma), Abhangoreme (Wangoreme), Abhaisenye (Waisenye), Abhanyabhasi (Wanyabasi), Abhaireghe (Wairege) n.k. bila kuwasahau Abhaghusii (Wakisii). [[Historia|Kihistoria]], Wakurya (Abhakurya, Abhakorya) na Wakisii ('Waghusii' au 'Abhaghusii' tukitumia maneno sanifu katika [[lugha]] husika) ni kabila moja. Tofauti ndogo zilizopo katika lugha ni za [[kijiografia]] tu. Hata Abhashanake (Wazanaki), Abhaighisho (Waikizu), Abhanatta (Wanata), n.k. ni 'vikabila' tu vya Wakurya. Makundi yote hayo ni makundi ya 'Mura' (sawa na [[Morani]] kwa [[Wamasai]]) na 'Bhei' (kwa [[jinsia]] ya kike). Tamaduni zao ni zilezile - [[Kutahiriwa|kutahiri]] [[wanawake]] kwa [[wanaume]], kuchonga [[meno]] (hata [[Julius Nyerere|Mwalimu]] [[Jina la utani|jina lake la utani]] ni 'Mchonga'), kuwa na sera ya marika (kama Abhaghini, Abhanyambureti, n.k.) yanayozunguka vizazi hata vizazi na kujirudia, kuwa na 'Ekesero' kama kundi la watu waliotahiriwa wakati mmoja, ambao lilikuja kuwa msingi wa majina ya 'intakes' za [[Jeshi la Ulinzi la Wananchi wa Tanzania|JKT]]), n.k.</ref>) na Wajita (hawa nao wana vikabila kadhaa). Pia, Wakurya-Waghusii si '[[Bantu]] halisi' bali ni mchanganyiko kati ya [[Wabantu]] na [[Waniloti]]. Katika makabila ya Kibantu, yaliyoathiri [[damu]] ya Wakurya ni pamoja na: * Wasukuma (kwa mfano, baadhi ya [[Ukoo|koo]] za Kizanaki, zilichanganya damu sana na Wasukuma) * [[Wachaga]] (kwa mfano, Wakerobha au Wakiroba, walichanganya damu sana na [[wahamiaji]] toka [[Machame]] na [[Marangu]] kwa Wachaga - na hadi leo Machame na Marangu ni majina ya [[kitongoji|vitongoji]] huko kwa Wakiroba Mkoa wa Mara!) * [[Wakikuyu]] (kwa mfano, baadhi ya Wakurya wa Kenya wana asili ya Wakikuyu au 'Abhaghekoyo'). Pia Wakikuyu wanachanga majina mengi na Wakurya - kama Nyambura, Murughi, Mwita, n.k. na hata lugha zinafanana kwa kiasi kikubwa. Pia, kama makabila, Wakurya-Waghusii, Wakikuyu, na [[Wameru (Kenya)|Wameru]] wa Kenya wana uhusiano wa karibu na asili moja. * Makabila mengine yanayohusiana nao ni [[Wagisu]] ([[Uganda]]) na [[Waluhya]] (Kenya). Kuna wakati ambapo makundi hayo yote yalikuwa kabila moja, lakini wakatengana kwa kuhamia sehemu za mbali, wakawa makabila tofauti tunayoyajua leo. Waniloti waliochanganya damu na Wakurya ni pamoja na: * Wamasai (baadhi ya koo za Wakurya wa leo zilitoka Umasai). * Wajaluo (hasa kutokana na ujirani baada ya ujio wa Waniloti Mkoani Mara), * [[Wakalenjin]] (hasa kutokana na uhamiaji na pia wote kuwa na [[mila]] za [[wafugaji]]). Kwa hiyo, [[dhana]] ambayo imejengeka sana vichwani mwa watu kwamba Mara kuna makabila mengi, kwa kiasi kikubwa ni potofu. Ukiangalia kwa undani hata lugha na mila zilizopo, utaona kwamba hata hao kina yego/mbani (Wajita, Wakwaya, Wakara, Waruri, Wakerewe, n.k.) ni 'vikabila' tu vya kabila kubwa la Wajita. Ukiachia Wajaluo (au 'Jakowiny Luo'), mkoani Mara pia kuna Wataturu na Wanandi. Wanandi ni moja kati ya 'vikabila' vya Wakalenjin. Hata hivyo, idadi ya watu wa makabila haya ni ndogo ukilinganisha na ile ya 'Wakurya-Waghusii' na Wajita (ikiwa na maana ya kabila kubwa linalojumuisha pia Wakwaya, na Waruri). Pia Mara, Wakurya hawaishi tu Tarime, bali huishi wilaya zote 6 za Mkoa wa Mara: Tarime, Rorya (hao ni Wakurya wa North Mara), Musoma Vijjini, Musoma Mjini, Bunda, na Serengeti (hao ndio Wakurya wa South Mara). Abhaghusii (wanaoishi eneo la Nyanza, Kenya) ni sehemu ya Wakurya wa 'North Mara'. Kwa hiyo, [[wanahistoria]] wanatakiwa kuliweka hili sawa. [[Wazungu]] walichorekodi ni majina ya vikabila (au koo kubwa). Kwa wakereketwa wa [[historia]], Wakiroba (kikabila cha Wakurya-Wakisii) na Wakwaya (kikabila cha Wajita) ndiyo wakazi asili ya inayoitwa leo hii Musoma mjini. Makundi hayo mawili, pamoja na kuwa makabila tofauti, yana uhusiano wa muda mrefu wa karibu sana. Hupendana, na hata [[vita]] walipigana kwa kushirikiana! Pia Wakurya na Wajita, uhusiano wao wa karibu, na hata kushabihiana kwa lugha zao (makabila hayo makubwa mawili, hakuna anayeweza akamsengenya mwenzie, na asijue anasema nini), si jambo lililoanza juzi. Mababu walisimulia hao wote wamehamia Mara, wakitokea maeneo ambayo kwa sasa yako katika nchi zinazojulikana kama [[Misri]] na [[Libya]] (hata Wajaluo nao, walikuja toka huko). Wakati wa [[msafara]], waligawanyika makundi matatu: • Moja likapita mashariki mwa Ziwa Viktoria. Hili lilikuwa ndilo kundi kuu. Koo nyingi za Kikurya zilipita huko. Katika nyakati tofauti, zilitengana na Wagisu (Uganda), Waluhya, Wameru, Wakikuyu (Kenya). • Moja likapita magharibi mwa Ziwa Viktoria. Koo nyingi za Wajita, pamoja na baadhi ya koo za Wakurya (kama Abhashanake) walipita huko. • Moja likapita katikati ya Ziwa Viktoria. Hili kundi lilikuwa dogo zaidi. Lilijumuisha zaidi koo chache za Kijita, kama vile Wakerewe. Hakuna historia ya vita kati ya Wakurya na Wajita, bali wameishi kwa kuelewana na kusaidiana. Hata hivyo, koo za Kikurya hupenda sana kupigana hadi leo hii. Pia tukumbuke: Wabantu ni [[familia]] moja, na Waafrika ni ’kabila’ moja kubwa, na binadamu wote, bila kujali [[rangi]], wametoka kwa [[Muumba]] mmoja na wana asili moja – ni [[watoto]] wa [[Adamu]] na [[Eva]] ([[Waarabu]] humwita Hawa), kwa wale wanaoamini [[dini]]; au ni watoto wa Mwafrika kwa wale wanaoamini [[sayansi]]. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Bunda Mjini : mbunge ni [[Esther Bulaya]] ([[Chadema]]) * Bunda Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Boniface Mwita Getere]] ([[CCM]]) * Butiama : mbunge ni [[Nimrod Mkono]] ([[CCM]]) * Musoma Mjini : mbunge ni [[Vedastus Mathayo Manyinyi]] ([[CCM]]) * Musoma Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Prof. Sospeter Muhongo]] ([[CCM]]) * Mwibara : mbunge ni [[Kangi Lugola]] ([[CCM]]) * Rorya : mbunge ni [[Lameck Airo]] ([[CCM]]) * Serengeti : mbunge ni [[Mwalimu Marwa Ryoba]] ([[Chadema]]) * Tarime Vijijini : mbunge ni [[John Heche]] ([[Chadema]]) * Tarime Mjini : mbunge ni [[Ester Matiko]] ([[Chadema]]) ==Tazama pia== * [[Mfumo wa Msimbo wa Posta Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Mara]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Mara]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Tanzanian Government Directory Database] {{en}} *[https://mara.go.tz/history Historia ya Mkoa wa Mara] {{Wayback|url=https://mara.go.tz/history |date=20220615034904 }} {{sw}} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{Mbegu-jio-mara}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|M]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara| ]] 7mz36e5epz7uhl2rg1kkjx7edlnoo9g 0 2225 1580653 1435148 2026-07-20T06:43:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Mkoa wa Ruvuma <br> |settlement_type = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |native_name = |picha_ya_satelite = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg |ukubwawapicha = 100px |maelezo_ya_picha = [[Nembo ya Tanzania]] |nickname = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Tanzania Ruvuma location map.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Mahali pa Mkoa wa Ruvuma katika [[Tanzania]] |coordinates_region = TZ |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name1 = 8 |subdivision_type2 = [[Mji mkuu]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Songea (mji)|Songea]] |leader_title = Mkuu wa Mkoa |leader_name = Christine G. Ishengoma |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 63498 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2022 |population_note = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,848,794 |latd=11|latm=0 |lats=|latNS=S |longd=36|longm=0 |longs=|longEW=E |elevation_m = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = http://www.ruvuma.go.tz/ |footnotes = }} '''Mkoa wa Ruvuma''' ni kati ya [[mikoa]] [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|31 ya]] [[Tanzania]]. Umepewa [[jina]] kutokana na [[mto Ruvuma]] ambao ni mpaka wake wa [[kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]]. Pia unapakana na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] na [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]] upande wa [[magharibi]], mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]] na [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] upande wa [[kaskazini]] na [[Mkoa wa Mtwara]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. Eneo lote ni la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 63,669. Jumla ya wakazi wote katika Mkoa wa Ruvuma ni 1,848,794 ([[sensa]] ya mwaka 2022). [[Makao makuu]] ya [[mkoa]] yako [[Songea mjini]]. == Wilaya == Ndani ya mkoa huo kuna [[wilaya]] [[nane]] ambazo ni (katika mabano [[idadi]] ya wakazi mwaka [[2022]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>): *[[wilaya ya Nyasa|Nyasa]] (191,193) *[[Songea Mjini]] (286,285), *[[Songea Vijijini]] (178,201), *[[wilaya ya Tunduru|Tunduru]] (412,054), *[[wilaya ya Madaba|Madaba]] (65,215), *[[wilaya ya Mbinga|Mbinga Vijijini]] (285,582), *[[Mbinga (mji)|Mbinga Mjini]] (158,896), *[[wilaya ya Namtumbo|Namtumbo]] (271,368). == Wakazi == [[Kabila|Makabila]] makubwa huko Ruvuma ni [[Wangoni]], [[Wamatengo]], [[Wayao]], [[Wandendeule]], [[Wamanda]], [[Wanyasa]], [[Wapoto]], [[Wabena]] na [[Wandengereko]]. Karibu na Songea iko [[monasteri]] kubwa ya [[Peramiho]] ya [[watawa]] [[Wabenedikto]] na nyingine iko [[Hanga]]. ==Elimu== [[Elimu]] bado inahitajika, hasa kwa maeneo ya [[Kijiji|vijijini]], maana watu wengi katika mkoa huu hawajaelimika hivyo huleta [[changamoto]] katika [[maendeleo]] maana [[taifa]] huhitaji watu ambao ni [[wasomi]]. ==Miundombinu== Sehemu ya [[mashariki]] ya mkoa kuna [[barabara]] ya [[lami]] kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]] kupitia [[Makambako]] na [[Njombe]] hadi Songea. [[Barabara kuu]] kwenda [[Lindi (mji)|Lindi]] ni kiwango cha lami kuanzia Songea mjini kupitia Wilaya za Namtumbo, Tunduru, [[Wilaya ya Nanyumbu|Nanyumbu]], [[Wilaya ya Masasi Vijijini|Masasi]], [[Mnazimmoja (Lindi Mjini)|Mnazimmoja-Lindi]], hadi Dar es Salaam. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa [[uchaguzi mkuu]] wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Songea Mjini : mbunge ni [[Leonidas Tutubert Gama]] ([[CCM]]) * Nyasa : mbunge ni [[Stella Manyanya]] ([[CCM]]) * Tunduru Kaskazini : mbunge ni [[Ramo Matala Makani]] ([[CCM]]) * Tunduru Kusini : mbunge ni [[Daimu Iddi Mpakate]] ([[CCM]]) * Peramiho : mbunge ni [[Jenista Mhagama]] ([[CCM]]) * Madaba : mbunge ni [[Joseph Kisito Mhagama]] ([[CCM]]) * Namtumbo : mbunge ni [[Edwin Amandus Ngonyani]] ([[CCM]]) * Mbinga Mjini : mbunge ni [[Sixtus Mapunda]] ([[CCM]]) * Mbinga Vijijini : mbunge ni [[Martin Msuha]] ([[CCM]]) ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Ruvuma]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Ruvuma]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.ruvuma.go.tz/ Tovuti ya Mkoa wa Ruvuma] * {{en}} Matokeo ya sensa 2002: [https://web.archive.org/web/20040317103734/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/ruvuma.htm Ruvuma Region Homepage for the 2002 Tanzania National Census] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Tanzanian Government Directory Database] * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Tanzania Makabila ya Tanzania] {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-ruvuma}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|R]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Ruvuma| ]] 9h6x9enm8laqt8h0s3v1zvoz9lvmn8m 0 2250 1580654 1500590 2026-07-20T06:45:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania Shinyanga location map.svg|thumb|right|220px|Mkoa wa Shinyanga katika Tanzania.]] [[Picha:Shinyanga-Region.svg|300px|thumb|right|260px|Wilaya za mkoa wa Shinyanga.]] [[Picha:Williamson Diamond Mine, Mwazui, Tanzania.JPG|thumb|[[Mgodi]] wa [[almasi]] huko [[Mwadui]].]] '''Mkoa wa Shinyanga''' ni kati ya [[mikoa]] [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|31 ya]] [[Tanzania]]. Mkoa una eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 18,555 na unapakana upande wa [[kaskazini]] na mikoa ya [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]], [[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]] na [[mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]], upande wa [[kusini]] na [[Mkoa wa Tabora]] na upande wa [[mashariki]] unagusana na [[Mkoa wa Singida]]. Baada ya kumegwa ili kuzaa [[mkoa wa Simiyu]], mkoa wa Shinyanga una wakazi 2,241,299 kufuatana na [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref> kutoka wakazi 1,534,808 wa sensa ya mwaka [[2012]].<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Shinyanga Region]</ref> [[Makao makuu]] yako mjini [[Shinyanga mjini|Shinyanga]]. Mkoa huo una [[msimbo wa posta]] '''37000'''. == Wilaya == Mkoa wa Shinyanga una [[wilaya]] 6: [[wilaya ya Kahama Mjini|Kahama Mjini]], [[wilaya ya Ushetu|Ushetu]], [[wilaya ya Msalala|Msalala]], [[wilaya ya Kishapu|Kishapu]]<ref>[wilaya ya Kishapu ina kata 20 nazo ni: Bubiki | Bunambiyu | Itima | Kiloleli | Kishapu | Lagana | Masanga | Mondo | Mwadui Lohumbo | Mwakipoya | Mwamalasa | Mwamashele | Ngofila | Seke-Bukoro | Shagihilu | Somagedi | Songwa | Talaga | Uchunga | Ukenyenge. https://www.wikiwand.com/sw/Wilaya_ya_Kishapu</ref>, [[wilaya ya Shinyanga|Shinyanga Vijijini]] na [[wilaya ya Shinyanga Mjini|Shinyanga Mjini]]. Wilaya tano zimepelekwa kwenda mikoa mipya ya [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] na [[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]].<ref>[[wilaya ya Bukombe|Bukombe]] imepelekwa [[Mkoa wa Geita]].</ref>, <ref>Wilaya za [[wilaya ya Maswa|Maswa]], [[wilaya ya Bariadi|Bariadi]] na [[wilaya ya Meatu|Meatu]] zimepelekwa [[Mkoa wa Simiyu]].</ref> ==Wakazi== [[Kabila|Makabila]] ya Shinyanga hasa ni [[Wasukuma]], [[Wanyamwezi]] na [[Wasumbwa]]. Wakazi wa Mkoa wa Shinyanga hujishughulisha na [[uchimbaji]] mdogo wa [[madini]] ya [[dhahabu]] na [[almasi]]. Kuna [[Mgodi|migodi]] mikubwa ya uchimbaji wa madini ya almasi huko [[Mwadui]] na dhahabu huko [[Bulyanhulu]] na [[Buzwagi]].<ref>http://www.shinyanga.go.tz/economic-activity/uchimbaji-wa-madini {{Wayback|url=http://www.shinyanga.go.tz/economic-activity/uchimbaji-wa-madini |date=20200128122104 }}.</ref> ==Mgodi wa almasi wa Williamson== Mgodi wa Williamson Diamond, ulioko katika Mkoa wa Shinyanga [[kilomita]] 160 kusini mwa [[jiji]] la Mwanza, ni moja ya migodi saba inayoendeshwa na kampuni ya Petra Diamonds. Mgodi huo unamilikiwa nayo kwa 75[[%]] na 25% na Serikali ya Tanzania. Williamson ni mgodi wazi wa shimo ulioenea juu ya eneo la [[hekta]] 146. Mgodi huo umekuwa ukifanya kazi kwa miaka 70. Bado ina [[rasilimali]] muhimu ya almasi ambayo inapaswa kuchimbwa. Mpango wa sasa wa mgodi kwa Williamson ni kwa miaka 18. Maisha yanayowezekana ya mgodi ni zaidi ya miaka 50. Mgodi huo una jina la Dk John Williamson, [[mtaalamu]] wa [[jiolojia]] wa [[Canada]], ambaye aligundua mnamo [[1940]] kama amana ya msingi ya kiuchumi ya almasi. Dk Williamson alisimamia mgodi huo hadi [[kifo]] chake mnamo [[1958]].<ref>https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/williamson-mine-shinyanga-province/. </ref> ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Kahama Mjini : mbunge ni [[Jumanne Kishimba]] ([[CCM]]) * Kishapu : mbunge ni [[Suleiman Nchambi]] ([[CCM]]) * Msalala : mbunge ni [[Ezekiel Maige]] ([[CCM]]) * Shinyanga Mjini : mbunge ni [[Patrobas Katambi]] ([[CCM]]) * Solwa : mbunge ni [[Ahmed Ally Salum]] ([[CCM]]) * Ushetu : mbunge ni [[Elias Kwandikwa]] ([[CCM]]) ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Shinyanga]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Shinyanga]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20040317114446/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/shinyanga.htm Shinyanga Region Homepage for the 2002 Tanzania National Census] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Tanzanian Government Directory Database] *[http://www.lakezoneinvestmentforum.go.tz/sites/default/files/Shinyanga%20Investment%20Profile%20Consolidated_2.pdf Shinyanga Investment profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lakezoneinvestmentforum.go.tz/sites/default/files/Shinyanga%20Investment%20Profile%20Consolidated_2.pdf |date=20151024040328 }} *[http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5q.pdf Taarifa ya hali ya kilimo - Mkoa wa Shinyanga] {{Wayback|url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5q.pdf |date=20160305041334 }} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-shinyanga}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|S]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Shinyanga| ]] pfgdswya5rb0fhk2y6xmjpl7dfoemem 0 3036 1580576 1204742 2026-07-19T16:17:27Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Aerial_view_of_the_Congo_River_near_Kisangani.jpg|thumb|Mto Kongo ni mto wa pili kwa ukubwa barani Afrika baada ya Mto Nile.]] {{mto | jina = Mto wa Kongo | picha = River Congo.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Beseni ya mto Kongo | chanzo = Katika milima ya Mitumba takr. 100 km magharibi ya Lumbumbashi ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]) | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | urefu = 4,700 [[km]] | kimo = 1,400 m | matawimto = [[Lufira]], [[Kasai]], [[Ubangi]] | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | mkondo = 42,000 m³/s | eneo = 3,730,000 [[km²]] | watu = milioni 56 | miji = [[Kisangani]], [[Mbandaka]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Brazzaville]], [[Matadi]] }} '''Mto wa Kongo''' (kati ya miaka [[1971]] na [[1997]] uliitwa zaidi "[[Zaire|Mto Zaire]]") ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Afrika]] ya kati. Ni [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika|mto mrefu wa pili katika Afrika]] baada ya Mto [[Nile]]. Pia ni mto wenye [[kina]] kirefu zaidi duniani. [[Beseni]] la Kongo pamoja na [[tawimto|Matawimto]] yake ni eneo kubwa la pili [[duniani]] la [[msitu wa mvua]]. Kwa kiasi cha mshuko wa [[maji]] [[Mdomo|mdomoni]] ni mto mkubwa wa pili duniani baada ya [[Amazonas]] ([[Amerika ya Kusini]]).<ref>[Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. 1 Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River , July 2008, Oberg et alia]</ref> [[Urefu]] wake ni [[kilomita]] 4,700 ukipimwa kuanzia [[Chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] cha [[tawimto]] la mbali zaidi ambalo ni [[mto Chambeshi]] wenye chanzo nchini [[Zambia]]. Mara nyingi urefu hutajwa kuanzia chanzo cha [[Lualaba]] halafu ni kilomita 4,374. ==Jina== [[Jina]] la mto limetokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]] uliokuwa [[dola]] kubwa katika [[Angola]] ya [[Kaskazini]] na Kongo ya [[Magharibi]] wakati wa [[karne ya 14]]-[[Karne ya 17|17]] [[BK]]. [[Jamhuri]] zote [[mbili]] za [[Kongo]] za leo zimepata majina yao kutoka mto huo. Kuna taarifa ya [[mwaka]] [[1535]] kuhusu ufalme mdogo wa pili ulioitwa Kakongo kingdom. [[Ramani]] ya [[dunia]] iliyochorwa na [[Abraham Ortelius]] mnamo [[1564]] inaonyesha [[mji]] wa "[[Manicongo]]" kwenye mdomo wa mto kando ya [[bahari]]. Jina la [[Bakongo]] kwa ajili ya jumla ya wasemaji wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kikongo]] ni jina la kisasa lililotumiwa tangu [[karne ya 20]] tu. Jina la pili linalotumiwa wakati mwingine ni "Zaire"; [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] alilifanya kuwa [[jina rasmi]] la mto pamoja na la [[taifa]] kati ya miaka 1971 - 1997. Jina hilo linatokana na [[neno]] la Kikongo "nzere" ("mto")<ref>Forbath, Peter. The River Congo (1977), p. 19.</ref>. Katika [[Karne ya 16|karne za 16]] na [[Karne ya 17|17]] mto ulijulikana kwa majina yote mawili jinsi inavyoonekana katika [[maandishi]] ya siku zile, kwa mfano [[Mwingereza]] [[James Barbot]] aliandika mwaka [[1746]] juu ya [[safari]] kwenda mto "Kongo au Zaire" ("Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair") <ref>James Barbot, An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700 (1746). </br>Mifano mingine inayotaja majina yote mawili: </br>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aj1kAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=James+Hingston+Tuckey,+Narrative+of+an+Expedition&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwib34GuvbjMAhXBHJoKHUagClwQuwUIJTAA#v=onepage&q=James%20Hingston%20Tuckey%2C%20Narrative%20of%20an%20Expedition&f=false James Hingston Tuckey, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816 (1818)], (via google books, imetazamiwa May 2016). </br>"Congo River, called Zahir or Zaire by the natives" John Purdy, Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic Or Southern Atlantic Ocean, 1822, p. 112.</ref> ==Beseni na mwendo== Beseni la Kongo linalokusanya utiririshaji wa maji lina eneo la kilomita za mraba 4,014,500 <ref>Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338#v=onepage&q&f=false Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1], imetolewa na [[FAO]], pp. 338–339. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.</ref>. Kongo inashusha (kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha [[mvua]]) kila [[sekunde]] kati ya [[m³]] 23,000 hadi 75,000 za maji kwenye [[Atlantiki]] ([[wastani]] umekadiria kuwa [[mita za ujazo]] 41,000 kwa sekunde)<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008), uk. 3</ref>. Kongo na matawimto yake inapita katika eneo kubwa la [[misitu ya mvua]] duniani ([[Amazonas]] pekee inapita katika [[msitu wa mvua]] mkubwa zaidi). Kwa kuwa ikipita pande zote mbili za [[ikweta]], yaani kaskazini na kusini, sehemu fulani ya beseni lake huwa na [[majira ya mvua]] muda wowote. Vyanzo vya Kongo viko katika [[nyanda za juu]] na kwenye [[milima]] inayopakana na [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]], pamoja na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] na [[Ziwa Mweru]] ambayo yanamwaga maji kwenda [[mto Lualaba]] ulio tawimto kubwa zaidi la Kongo. Kwa kawaida chanzo cha mto Chambeshi huko Zambia, ambao unaishia katika Lualaba, huhesabiwa kama chanzo cha Kongo. Lualaba inabadilisha jina lake mjini [[Kisangani]] ambako mto umepita [[maporomoko ya Bayoma]] na baada ya hapo huitwa Kongo. Mto unaelekea kaskazini, halafu mwendo wake unapinda kuelekea kusini magharibi, unapita mji wa [[Mbandaka]] unapopokea [[mto Ubangi]] halafu unaingia katika [[Bwawa la Malebo]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Stanley Pool''). Miji ya [[Kinshasa]] na [[Brazzaville]] inatazamana ikiwa pande mbili za [[bwawa]] hilo. Baada ya bwawa mto unakuwa mwembamba ukipita katika [[Bonde|mabonde]] ya [[korongo]] kwenye [[idadi]] ya [[maporomoko]] inayojulikana kama maporomoko ya [[Livingstone Falls]]). Unapita miji ya [[Matadi]] na [[Boma (Kongo)]] na kuufikia baharini kwenye mji mdogo wa [[Muanda]]. == Matawimto == Matawimto yanaorodheshwa kuanzia mdomo kulekea chanzo. Kma namba zinatajwa zinaeleza urefu wa mwendo kwa [[kilomita]] (='''km'''), eneo la beseni la tawimto kwa [[kilomita za mraba]] (='''km²''') na mshuko wa maji yaani kiasi cha maji kinachotoka mdomoni kwa [[mita za ujazo]] kwa sekunde (='''m³/s''') * [[Inkisi (mto)|Inkisi]] ** [[Nzadi (mto)|Nzadi]] * [[Nsele (mto)|Nsele]] * [[Bombo (mto)|Bombo]] * [[Kasai (mto)|Kwa-Kassai]] (kushoto) - 2150&nbsp;km - 881,900&nbsp;km², 9,900&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Fimi (mto)|Fimi]] *** [[Lukenie (mto)|Lukenie]] ** [[Kwango (mto)|Kwango]] ** [[Sankuru (mto)|Sankuru]] * [[Lefini (mto)|Lefini]] (kulia) * [[Sangha (mto)|Sangha]] (kulia) - 1,400&nbsp;km, 213,400&nbsp;km², 750&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Kadéï (mto)|Kadéï]] * [[Ubangi (mto)|Ubangi]] (kulia) - 2,270&nbsp;km, 772,800&nbsp;km², 4,000&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] ** [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] * [[Tshuapa (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,000&nbsp;km * [[Lomami (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,400&nbsp;km ;Kongo ya Juu Juu ya [[Miporomoko ya Boyoma]] karibu na [[Kisangani]] mto kongo hujulikana kwa jina la [[mto Lualaba]]. * [[Luvua (mto)|Luvua]] ** [[Luapula (mto)|Luapula]] * [[Chambeshi (mto)|Chambeshi]] ==Kongo kama njia ya usafiri== Mto Kongo ni [[njia]] muhimu ya [[mawasiliano]] na [[biashara]] kwa [[meli]] zinazoweza kusafiri mle kwa kushirikiana na njia za [[reli]] penye [[maporomoko]] mahali patatu. [[Maporomoko ya Livingstone]] yanazuia meli kupita kutoka baharini. Kuanzia Kisangani hadi [[Kinshasa]] mto ni njia ya maji inayopitiwa na meli za mtoni. Upande wa Lualaba kuna sehemu kadhaa zinazofaa kwa meli lakini njia ya maji inakatwa mara kadhaa na maporomoko. Sehemu kubwa ya [[bidhaa]] kwenda [[Afrika ya kati]] zinasafirishwa mtoni. ===Umememaji=== Mto Kongo ni mto wenye maji mengi katika Afrika yote. Hivyo kuna nafasi kubwa ya kuzalisha [[umememaji]]. Kama nafasi zote zingetumika ingewezekana kutosheleza mahitaji yote ya umeme kwa Afrika [[kusini kwa Sahara]]. <ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be">[http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Alain Nubourgh, Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC)] {{Wayback|url=http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter |date=20110902053441 }}. Weetlogs.scilogs.be (2010-04-27). Retrieved on 2011-11-29.</ref> Hadi sasa kuna takriban vituo 49 vinavyozalisha umememaji katika beseni la Kongo. Kituo kikubwa kiko kwenye [[Lambo la Inga]] takriban kilomita 200 upande wa kusini magharibi wa [[Kinshasa]]. Mradi ulianzishwa katika [[miaka ya 1970]]. Wakati ule mfululizo wa malambo 5 ulipangwa. Hadi sasa 2 yamejengwa, lambo la kwanza (Inga I) lilikuwa tayari mwaka [[1972]], Inga II ikafuata mwaka [[1982]] na yote miwili ina rafadha 14<ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be"/> zinazoweza kuzalisha [[megawati]] 1,775 kwa jumla, lakini kutokana na uhaba wa matengenezo na usimamzi yanafikia si zaidi ya [[nusu]] yake. <ref> [https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/inga-1-and-inga-2-dams-3616 "Inga 1 and Inga 2 dams]" kwenye tovuti ya www.internationalrivers.org, ilitazamiwa Mei 2016</ref> Shirika la [[Eskom]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] imependekeza kuongeza lambo la tatu na - pamoja na matengenezo kwenye malambo mengine - kuongeza uwezo wa majiumeme hadi kiwango cha [[gigawati]] 40. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/congo/story/0,12292,1425023,00.html |title=Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa? |work=World news |publisher=The Guardian | location=London | first=Jeevan | last=Vasagar | date=2005-02-25 | accessdate=2010-04-30}}</ref> Lakini kuna wataalamu walioonyesha mashaka kuwa malambo mapya yatakuwa hatari kwa [[ekolojia]] ya mto na hasa [[maisha]] ya [[spishi]] nyingi za mtoni.<ref>Norlander, Britt (20 April 2009). "[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rough+waters%3A+one+of+the+world's+most+turbulent+rivers+is+home+to+a...-a0198169413 Rough waters: one of the world's most turbulent rivers is home to a wide array of fish species. Now, large dams are threatening their future]". Science World. (hitimisho ilitazamiwa kwenye tovuti ya the Free Library, Mei 2016)</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Kongo]] (maana) * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Kujisomea== * 1837: [[s:Silence (Poe, short story)|Silence&nbsp;– A Fable]] is a short story by [[Edgar Allan Poe]], written in 1837. "The region of which I speak is a dreary region in Libya, by the borders of the river Zaire." * 1878: [[Henry Morton Stanley]] documented his journey down the Congo River in ''[[s:Author:Henry Morton Stanley|Through the Dark Continent]]'', first published in 1878.[http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1104859W/Through_the_Dark_continent Through the Dark continent]. Open Library. Retrieved on 2011-11-29. * 1899: [[Joseph Conrad]]'s ''[[Heart of Darkness]]'' is a short novel about [[Charles Marlow]]'s life as an [[ivory]] transporter down the Congo River in [[Central Africa]]. The river is "a mighty big river, that you could see on the map, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land". * 1914: American poet [[Vachel Lindsay]] portrays a dark and savage society around the Congo River in his 1914 poem ''The Congo: A Study of the Negro Race''. * 1921: The Congo is mentioned in [[Langston Hughes]]'s poem "[[The Negro Speaks of Rivers]]". * 1930: Both Congo River and basin form the setting of ''[[Hoity Toity (novel)|Hoity Toity]]'', the Soviet science fiction novel by [[Alexander Belyayev]]. * 1980: The Congo River is featured in a chapter of [[Michael Crichton]]'s novel ''[[Congo (novel)|Congo]]'' (published in 1980), as well as in the 1995 film based on the book. * 1995: The Congo River is featured in the action film [[Congo (film)|Congo]], by director [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]], although it is not mentioned by name in the film. The film is based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. * 1996: British author [[Redmond O'Hanlon]] has a travelogue published by Penguin Books under the title of ''Congo Journey'' (1996). * 1998: The river's history is discussed in the 1998 book ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]'' (by [[Adam Hochschild]]). * 2006: The river's history is discussed in the book ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'' (by Maria Petringa, Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006). * 2007: The Congo River and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the scenario for the 2007 book ''Blood River'' by journalist [[Tim Butcher]],{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/71b85180-87e5-11e0-a6de-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1NccBGO3m |author=Paul Theroux |title=The places in between |publisher=Financial Times |date=27 May 2011 |accessdate=26 June 2011}} based on his intrepid travels up and down Africa's second longest river. ''Blood River'' was an attempt to retrace Henry Morton Stanley's trip down the Congo River, documented in ''Through the Dark Continent'' (first published, 1878), and was shortlisted for the 2008 [[British Book Awards]]. * 2010: The Congo River is a central element in the 2010 novel by [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], ''El sueño del celta'' ([[The Dream of the Celt]]), a fictionalisation of episodes in the life of the Irishman [[Roger Casement]]. The book is to be published in English in 2012. * 2012: Phil Harwood's book "Canoeing the Congo" , Harwood, P. (2012). Canoeing the Congo: First Source to Sea Descent of the Congo River. Matador. ISBN 978-1780880075, {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] obynnzq5ndxpqrudcnft9p2638x8nxr 1580577 1580576 2026-07-19T16:20:08Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Jina */ 1580577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Aerial_view_of_the_Congo_River_near_Kisangani.jpg|thumb|Mto Kongo ni mto wa pili kwa ukubwa barani Afrika baada ya Mto Nile.]] {{mto | jina = Mto wa Kongo | picha = River Congo.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Beseni ya mto Kongo | chanzo = Katika milima ya Mitumba takr. 100 km magharibi ya Lumbumbashi ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]) | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | urefu = 4,700 [[km]] | kimo = 1,400 m | matawimto = [[Lufira]], [[Kasai]], [[Ubangi]] | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | mkondo = 42,000 m³/s | eneo = 3,730,000 [[km²]] | watu = milioni 56 | miji = [[Kisangani]], [[Mbandaka]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Brazzaville]], [[Matadi]] }} '''Mto wa Kongo''' (kati ya miaka [[1971]] na [[1997]] uliitwa zaidi "[[Zaire|Mto Zaire]]") ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Afrika]] ya kati. Ni [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika|mto mrefu wa pili katika Afrika]] baada ya Mto [[Nile]]. Pia ni mto wenye [[kina]] kirefu zaidi duniani. [[Beseni]] la Kongo pamoja na [[tawimto|Matawimto]] yake ni eneo kubwa la pili [[duniani]] la [[msitu wa mvua]]. Kwa kiasi cha mshuko wa [[maji]] [[Mdomo|mdomoni]] ni mto mkubwa wa pili duniani baada ya [[Amazonas]] ([[Amerika ya Kusini]]).<ref>[Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. 1 Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River , July 2008, Oberg et alia]</ref> [[Urefu]] wake ni [[kilomita]] 4,700 ukipimwa kuanzia [[Chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] cha [[tawimto]] la mbali zaidi ambalo ni [[mto Chambeshi]] wenye chanzo nchini [[Zambia]]. Mara nyingi urefu hutajwa kuanzia chanzo cha [[Lualaba]] halafu ni kilomita 4,374. ==Jina== [[Jina]] la mto limetokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]] uliokuwa [[dola]] kubwa katika [[Angola]] ya [[Kaskazini]] na Kongo ya [[Magharibi]] wakati wa [[karne ya 14]]-[[Karne ya 17|17]] [[BK]]. [[Jamhuri]] zote [[mbili]] za [[Kongo]] za leo zimepata majina yao kutoka mto huo. Kuna taarifa ya [[mwaka]] [[1535]] kuhusu ufalme mdogo wa pili ulioitwa Kakongo kingdom. [[Ramani]] ya [[dunia]] iliyochorwa na [[Abraham Ortelius]] mnamo [[1564]] inaonyesha [[mji]] wa "[[Manicongo]]" kwenye mdomo wa mto kando ya [[bahari]]. Jina la [[Bakongo]] kwa ajili ya jumla ya wasemaji wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kikongo]] ni jina la kisasa lililotumiwa tangu [[karne ya 20]] tu. Jina la pili linalotumiwa wakati mwingine ni "Zaire"; [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] alilifanya kuwa [[jina rasmi]] la mto pamoja na la [[taifa]] kati ya miaka ya 1971 - 1997. Jina hilo linatokana na [[neno]] la Kikongo "nzere" ("mto")<ref>Forbath, Peter. The River Congo (1977), p. 19.</ref>. Katika [[Karne ya 16|karne za 16]] na [[Karne ya 17|17]] mto huu ulijulikana kwa majina yote mawili jinsi inavyoonekana katika [[maandishi]] ya siku zile, kwa mfano [[Mwingereza]] [[James Barbot]] aliandika mwaka [[1746]] juu ya [[safari]] kwenda mto "Kongo au Zaire" ("Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair") <ref>James Barbot, An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700 (1746). </br>Mifano mingine inayotaja majina yote mawili: </br>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aj1kAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=James+Hingston+Tuckey,+Narrative+of+an+Expedition&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwib34GuvbjMAhXBHJoKHUagClwQuwUIJTAA#v=onepage&q=James%20Hingston%20Tuckey%2C%20Narrative%20of%20an%20Expedition&f=false James Hingston Tuckey, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816 (1818)], (via google books, imetazamiwa May 2016). </br>"Congo River, called Zahir or Zaire by the natives" John Purdy, Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic Or Southern Atlantic Ocean, 1822, p. 112.</ref> ==Beseni na mwendo== Beseni la Kongo linalokusanya utiririshaji wa maji lina eneo la kilomita za mraba 4,014,500 <ref>Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338#v=onepage&q&f=false Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1], imetolewa na [[FAO]], pp. 338–339. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.</ref>. Kongo inashusha (kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha [[mvua]]) kila [[sekunde]] kati ya [[m³]] 23,000 hadi 75,000 za maji kwenye [[Atlantiki]] ([[wastani]] umekadiria kuwa [[mita za ujazo]] 41,000 kwa sekunde)<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008), uk. 3</ref>. Kongo na matawimto yake inapita katika eneo kubwa la [[misitu ya mvua]] duniani ([[Amazonas]] pekee inapita katika [[msitu wa mvua]] mkubwa zaidi). Kwa kuwa ikipita pande zote mbili za [[ikweta]], yaani kaskazini na kusini, sehemu fulani ya beseni lake huwa na [[majira ya mvua]] muda wowote. Vyanzo vya Kongo viko katika [[nyanda za juu]] na kwenye [[milima]] inayopakana na [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]], pamoja na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] na [[Ziwa Mweru]] ambayo yanamwaga maji kwenda [[mto Lualaba]] ulio tawimto kubwa zaidi la Kongo. Kwa kawaida chanzo cha mto Chambeshi huko Zambia, ambao unaishia katika Lualaba, huhesabiwa kama chanzo cha Kongo. Lualaba inabadilisha jina lake mjini [[Kisangani]] ambako mto umepita [[maporomoko ya Bayoma]] na baada ya hapo huitwa Kongo. Mto unaelekea kaskazini, halafu mwendo wake unapinda kuelekea kusini magharibi, unapita mji wa [[Mbandaka]] unapopokea [[mto Ubangi]] halafu unaingia katika [[Bwawa la Malebo]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Stanley Pool''). Miji ya [[Kinshasa]] na [[Brazzaville]] inatazamana ikiwa pande mbili za [[bwawa]] hilo. Baada ya bwawa mto unakuwa mwembamba ukipita katika [[Bonde|mabonde]] ya [[korongo]] kwenye [[idadi]] ya [[maporomoko]] inayojulikana kama maporomoko ya [[Livingstone Falls]]). Unapita miji ya [[Matadi]] na [[Boma (Kongo)]] na kuufikia baharini kwenye mji mdogo wa [[Muanda]]. == Matawimto == Matawimto yanaorodheshwa kuanzia mdomo kulekea chanzo. Kma namba zinatajwa zinaeleza urefu wa mwendo kwa [[kilomita]] (='''km'''), eneo la beseni la tawimto kwa [[kilomita za mraba]] (='''km²''') na mshuko wa maji yaani kiasi cha maji kinachotoka mdomoni kwa [[mita za ujazo]] kwa sekunde (='''m³/s''') * [[Inkisi (mto)|Inkisi]] ** [[Nzadi (mto)|Nzadi]] * [[Nsele (mto)|Nsele]] * [[Bombo (mto)|Bombo]] * [[Kasai (mto)|Kwa-Kassai]] (kushoto) - 2150&nbsp;km - 881,900&nbsp;km², 9,900&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Fimi (mto)|Fimi]] *** [[Lukenie (mto)|Lukenie]] ** [[Kwango (mto)|Kwango]] ** [[Sankuru (mto)|Sankuru]] * [[Lefini (mto)|Lefini]] (kulia) * [[Sangha (mto)|Sangha]] (kulia) - 1,400&nbsp;km, 213,400&nbsp;km², 750&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Kadéï (mto)|Kadéï]] * [[Ubangi (mto)|Ubangi]] (kulia) - 2,270&nbsp;km, 772,800&nbsp;km², 4,000&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] ** [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] * [[Tshuapa (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,000&nbsp;km * [[Lomami (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,400&nbsp;km ;Kongo ya Juu Juu ya [[Miporomoko ya Boyoma]] karibu na [[Kisangani]] mto kongo hujulikana kwa jina la [[mto Lualaba]]. * [[Luvua (mto)|Luvua]] ** [[Luapula (mto)|Luapula]] * [[Chambeshi (mto)|Chambeshi]] ==Kongo kama njia ya usafiri== Mto Kongo ni [[njia]] muhimu ya [[mawasiliano]] na [[biashara]] kwa [[meli]] zinazoweza kusafiri mle kwa kushirikiana na njia za [[reli]] penye [[maporomoko]] mahali patatu. [[Maporomoko ya Livingstone]] yanazuia meli kupita kutoka baharini. Kuanzia Kisangani hadi [[Kinshasa]] mto ni njia ya maji inayopitiwa na meli za mtoni. Upande wa Lualaba kuna sehemu kadhaa zinazofaa kwa meli lakini njia ya maji inakatwa mara kadhaa na maporomoko. Sehemu kubwa ya [[bidhaa]] kwenda [[Afrika ya kati]] zinasafirishwa mtoni. ===Umememaji=== Mto Kongo ni mto wenye maji mengi katika Afrika yote. Hivyo kuna nafasi kubwa ya kuzalisha [[umememaji]]. Kama nafasi zote zingetumika ingewezekana kutosheleza mahitaji yote ya umeme kwa Afrika [[kusini kwa Sahara]]. <ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be">[http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Alain Nubourgh, Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC)] {{Wayback|url=http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter |date=20110902053441 }}. Weetlogs.scilogs.be (2010-04-27). Retrieved on 2011-11-29.</ref> Hadi sasa kuna takriban vituo 49 vinavyozalisha umememaji katika beseni la Kongo. Kituo kikubwa kiko kwenye [[Lambo la Inga]] takriban kilomita 200 upande wa kusini magharibi wa [[Kinshasa]]. Mradi ulianzishwa katika [[miaka ya 1970]]. Wakati ule mfululizo wa malambo 5 ulipangwa. Hadi sasa 2 yamejengwa, lambo la kwanza (Inga I) lilikuwa tayari mwaka [[1972]], Inga II ikafuata mwaka [[1982]] na yote miwili ina rafadha 14<ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be"/> zinazoweza kuzalisha [[megawati]] 1,775 kwa jumla, lakini kutokana na uhaba wa matengenezo na usimamzi yanafikia si zaidi ya [[nusu]] yake. <ref> [https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/inga-1-and-inga-2-dams-3616 "Inga 1 and Inga 2 dams]" kwenye tovuti ya www.internationalrivers.org, ilitazamiwa Mei 2016</ref> Shirika la [[Eskom]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] imependekeza kuongeza lambo la tatu na - pamoja na matengenezo kwenye malambo mengine - kuongeza uwezo wa majiumeme hadi kiwango cha [[gigawati]] 40. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/congo/story/0,12292,1425023,00.html |title=Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa? |work=World news |publisher=The Guardian | location=London | first=Jeevan | last=Vasagar | date=2005-02-25 | accessdate=2010-04-30}}</ref> Lakini kuna wataalamu walioonyesha mashaka kuwa malambo mapya yatakuwa hatari kwa [[ekolojia]] ya mto na hasa [[maisha]] ya [[spishi]] nyingi za mtoni.<ref>Norlander, Britt (20 April 2009). "[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rough+waters%3A+one+of+the+world's+most+turbulent+rivers+is+home+to+a...-a0198169413 Rough waters: one of the world's most turbulent rivers is home to a wide array of fish species. Now, large dams are threatening their future]". Science World. (hitimisho ilitazamiwa kwenye tovuti ya the Free Library, Mei 2016)</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Kongo]] (maana) * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Kujisomea== * 1837: [[s:Silence (Poe, short story)|Silence&nbsp;– A Fable]] is a short story by [[Edgar Allan Poe]], written in 1837. "The region of which I speak is a dreary region in Libya, by the borders of the river Zaire." * 1878: [[Henry Morton Stanley]] documented his journey down the Congo River in ''[[s:Author:Henry Morton Stanley|Through the Dark Continent]]'', first published in 1878.[http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1104859W/Through_the_Dark_continent Through the Dark continent]. Open Library. Retrieved on 2011-11-29. * 1899: [[Joseph Conrad]]'s ''[[Heart of Darkness]]'' is a short novel about [[Charles Marlow]]'s life as an [[ivory]] transporter down the Congo River in [[Central Africa]]. The river is "a mighty big river, that you could see on the map, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land". * 1914: American poet [[Vachel Lindsay]] portrays a dark and savage society around the Congo River in his 1914 poem ''The Congo: A Study of the Negro Race''. * 1921: The Congo is mentioned in [[Langston Hughes]]'s poem "[[The Negro Speaks of Rivers]]". * 1930: Both Congo River and basin form the setting of ''[[Hoity Toity (novel)|Hoity Toity]]'', the Soviet science fiction novel by [[Alexander Belyayev]]. * 1980: The Congo River is featured in a chapter of [[Michael Crichton]]'s novel ''[[Congo (novel)|Congo]]'' (published in 1980), as well as in the 1995 film based on the book. * 1995: The Congo River is featured in the action film [[Congo (film)|Congo]], by director [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]], although it is not mentioned by name in the film. The film is based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. * 1996: British author [[Redmond O'Hanlon]] has a travelogue published by Penguin Books under the title of ''Congo Journey'' (1996). * 1998: The river's history is discussed in the 1998 book ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]'' (by [[Adam Hochschild]]). * 2006: The river's history is discussed in the book ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'' (by Maria Petringa, Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006). * 2007: The Congo River and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the scenario for the 2007 book ''Blood River'' by journalist [[Tim Butcher]],{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/71b85180-87e5-11e0-a6de-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1NccBGO3m |author=Paul Theroux |title=The places in between |publisher=Financial Times |date=27 May 2011 |accessdate=26 June 2011}} based on his intrepid travels up and down Africa's second longest river. ''Blood River'' was an attempt to retrace Henry Morton Stanley's trip down the Congo River, documented in ''Through the Dark Continent'' (first published, 1878), and was shortlisted for the 2008 [[British Book Awards]]. * 2010: The Congo River is a central element in the 2010 novel by [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], ''El sueño del celta'' ([[The Dream of the Celt]]), a fictionalisation of episodes in the life of the Irishman [[Roger Casement]]. The book is to be published in English in 2012. * 2012: Phil Harwood's book "Canoeing the Congo" , Harwood, P. (2012). Canoeing the Congo: First Source to Sea Descent of the Congo River. Matador. ISBN 978-1780880075, {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] g5warp05k8iw5e8kn56wi6io1v4sirh 1580578 1580577 2026-07-19T16:24:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Matawimto */ 1580578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Aerial_view_of_the_Congo_River_near_Kisangani.jpg|thumb|Mto Kongo ni mto wa pili kwa ukubwa barani Afrika baada ya Mto Nile.]] {{mto | jina = Mto wa Kongo | picha = River Congo.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Beseni ya mto Kongo | chanzo = Katika milima ya Mitumba takr. 100 km magharibi ya Lumbumbashi ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]) | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | urefu = 4,700 [[km]] | kimo = 1,400 m | matawimto = [[Lufira]], [[Kasai]], [[Ubangi]] | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | mkondo = 42,000 m³/s | eneo = 3,730,000 [[km²]] | watu = milioni 56 | miji = [[Kisangani]], [[Mbandaka]], [[Kinshasa]], [[Brazzaville]], [[Matadi]] }} '''Mto wa Kongo''' (kati ya miaka [[1971]] na [[1997]] uliitwa zaidi "[[Zaire|Mto Zaire]]") ni [[mto]] mkubwa wa [[Afrika]] ya kati. Ni [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika|mto mrefu wa pili katika Afrika]] baada ya Mto [[Nile]]. Pia ni mto wenye [[kina]] kirefu zaidi duniani. [[Beseni]] la Kongo pamoja na [[tawimto|Matawimto]] yake ni eneo kubwa la pili [[duniani]] la [[msitu wa mvua]]. Kwa kiasi cha mshuko wa [[maji]] [[Mdomo|mdomoni]] ni mto mkubwa wa pili duniani baada ya [[Amazonas]] ([[Amerika ya Kusini]]).<ref>[Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. 1 Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River , July 2008, Oberg et alia]</ref> [[Urefu]] wake ni [[kilomita]] 4,700 ukipimwa kuanzia [[Chanzo (mto)|chanzo]] cha [[tawimto]] la mbali zaidi ambalo ni [[mto Chambeshi]] wenye chanzo nchini [[Zambia]]. Mara nyingi urefu hutajwa kuanzia chanzo cha [[Lualaba]] halafu ni kilomita 4,374. ==Jina== [[Jina]] la mto limetokana na [[Ufalme wa Kongo]] uliokuwa [[dola]] kubwa katika [[Angola]] ya [[Kaskazini]] na Kongo ya [[Magharibi]] wakati wa [[karne ya 14]]-[[Karne ya 17|17]] [[BK]]. [[Jamhuri]] zote [[mbili]] za [[Kongo]] za leo zimepata majina yao kutoka mto huo. Kuna taarifa ya [[mwaka]] [[1535]] kuhusu ufalme mdogo wa pili ulioitwa Kakongo kingdom. [[Ramani]] ya [[dunia]] iliyochorwa na [[Abraham Ortelius]] mnamo [[1564]] inaonyesha [[mji]] wa "[[Manicongo]]" kwenye mdomo wa mto kando ya [[bahari]]. Jina la [[Bakongo]] kwa ajili ya jumla ya wasemaji wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kikongo]] ni jina la kisasa lililotumiwa tangu [[karne ya 20]] tu. Jina la pili linalotumiwa wakati mwingine ni "Zaire"; [[dikteta]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] alilifanya kuwa [[jina rasmi]] la mto pamoja na la [[taifa]] kati ya miaka ya 1971 - 1997. Jina hilo linatokana na [[neno]] la Kikongo "nzere" ("mto")<ref>Forbath, Peter. The River Congo (1977), p. 19.</ref>. Katika [[Karne ya 16|karne za 16]] na [[Karne ya 17|17]] mto huu ulijulikana kwa majina yote mawili jinsi inavyoonekana katika [[maandishi]] ya siku zile, kwa mfano [[Mwingereza]] [[James Barbot]] aliandika mwaka [[1746]] juu ya [[safari]] kwenda mto "Kongo au Zaire" ("Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair") <ref>James Barbot, An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700 (1746). </br>Mifano mingine inayotaja majina yote mawili: </br>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aj1kAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=James+Hingston+Tuckey,+Narrative+of+an+Expedition&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwib34GuvbjMAhXBHJoKHUagClwQuwUIJTAA#v=onepage&q=James%20Hingston%20Tuckey%2C%20Narrative%20of%20an%20Expedition&f=false James Hingston Tuckey, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816 (1818)], (via google books, imetazamiwa May 2016). </br>"Congo River, called Zahir or Zaire by the natives" John Purdy, Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic Or Southern Atlantic Ocean, 1822, p. 112.</ref> ==Beseni na mwendo== Beseni la Kongo linalokusanya utiririshaji wa maji lina eneo la kilomita za mraba 4,014,500 <ref>Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338#v=onepage&q&f=false Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1], imetolewa na [[FAO]], pp. 338–339. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.</ref>. Kongo inashusha (kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha [[mvua]]) kila [[sekunde]] kati ya [[m³]] 23,000 hadi 75,000 za maji kwenye [[Atlantiki]] ([[wastani]] umekadiria kuwa [[mita za ujazo]] 41,000 kwa sekunde)<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008), uk. 3</ref>. Kongo na matawimto yake inapita katika eneo kubwa la [[misitu ya mvua]] duniani ([[Amazonas]] pekee inapita katika [[msitu wa mvua]] mkubwa zaidi). Kwa kuwa ikipita pande zote mbili za [[ikweta]], yaani kaskazini na kusini, sehemu fulani ya beseni lake huwa na [[majira ya mvua]] muda wowote. Vyanzo vya Kongo viko katika [[nyanda za juu]] na kwenye [[milima]] inayopakana na [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika ya Mashariki]], pamoja na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] na [[Ziwa Mweru]] ambayo yanamwaga maji kwenda [[mto Lualaba]] ulio tawimto kubwa zaidi la Kongo. Kwa kawaida chanzo cha mto Chambeshi huko Zambia, ambao unaishia katika Lualaba, huhesabiwa kama chanzo cha Kongo. Lualaba inabadilisha jina lake mjini [[Kisangani]] ambako mto umepita [[maporomoko ya Bayoma]] na baada ya hapo huitwa Kongo. Mto unaelekea kaskazini, halafu mwendo wake unapinda kuelekea kusini magharibi, unapita mji wa [[Mbandaka]] unapopokea [[mto Ubangi]] halafu unaingia katika [[Bwawa la Malebo]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Stanley Pool''). Miji ya [[Kinshasa]] na [[Brazzaville]] inatazamana ikiwa pande mbili za [[bwawa]] hilo. Baada ya bwawa mto unakuwa mwembamba ukipita katika [[Bonde|mabonde]] ya [[korongo]] kwenye [[idadi]] ya [[maporomoko]] inayojulikana kama maporomoko ya [[Livingstone Falls]]). Unapita miji ya [[Matadi]] na [[Boma (Kongo)]] na kuufikia baharini kwenye mji mdogo wa [[Muanda]]. == Matawimto == Matawimto yanaorodheshwa kuanzia mdomoni kuelekea chanzo. Kama namba zivyotajwa zinaeleza urefu wa mwendo kwa [[kilomita]] (='''km'''), eneo la beseni la tawimto kwa [[kilomita za mraba]] (='''km²''') na mshuko wa maji yaani kiasi cha maji kinachotoka mdomoni kwa [[mita za ujazo]] kwa sekunde (='''m³/s''') * [[Inkisi (mto)|Inkisi]] ** [[Nzadi (mto)|Nzadi]] * [[Nsele (mto)|Nsele]] * [[Bombo (mto)|Bombo]] * [[Kasai (mto)|Kwa-Kassai]] (kushoto) - 2150&nbsp;km - 881,900&nbsp;km², 9,900&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Fimi (mto)|Fimi]] *** [[Lukenie (mto)|Lukenie]] ** [[Kwango (mto)|Kwango]] ** [[Sankuru (mto)|Sankuru]] * [[Lefini (mto)|Lefini]] (kulia) * [[Sangha (mto)|Sangha]] (kulia) - 1,400&nbsp;km, 213,400&nbsp;km², 750&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Kadéï (mto)|Kadéï]] * [[Ubangi (mto)|Ubangi]] (kulia) - 2,270&nbsp;km, 772,800&nbsp;km², 4,000&nbsp;m³/s ** [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] ** [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] * [[Tshuapa (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,000&nbsp;km * [[Lomami (mto)]] (kushoto) - 1,400&nbsp;km ;Kongo ya Juu Juu ya [[Miporomoko ya Boyoma]] karibu na [[Kisangani]] mto kongo hujulikana kwa jina la [[mto Lualaba]]. * [[Luvua (mto)|Luvua]] ** [[Luapula (mto)|Luapula]] * [[Chambeshi (mto)|Chambeshi]] ==Kongo kama njia ya usafiri== Mto Kongo ni [[njia]] muhimu ya [[mawasiliano]] na [[biashara]] kwa [[meli]] zinazoweza kusafiri mle kwa kushirikiana na njia za [[reli]] penye [[maporomoko]] mahali patatu. [[Maporomoko ya Livingstone]] yanazuia meli kupita kutoka baharini. Kuanzia Kisangani hadi [[Kinshasa]] mto ni njia ya maji inayopitiwa na meli za mtoni. Upande wa Lualaba kuna sehemu kadhaa zinazofaa kwa meli lakini njia ya maji inakatwa mara kadhaa na maporomoko. Sehemu kubwa ya [[bidhaa]] kwenda [[Afrika ya kati]] zinasafirishwa mtoni. ===Umememaji=== Mto Kongo ni mto wenye maji mengi katika Afrika yote. Hivyo kuna nafasi kubwa ya kuzalisha [[umememaji]]. Kama nafasi zote zingetumika ingewezekana kutosheleza mahitaji yote ya umeme kwa Afrika [[kusini kwa Sahara]]. <ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be">[http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Alain Nubourgh, Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC)] {{Wayback|url=http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter |date=20110902053441 }}. Weetlogs.scilogs.be (2010-04-27). Retrieved on 2011-11-29.</ref> Hadi sasa kuna takriban vituo 49 vinavyozalisha umememaji katika beseni la Kongo. Kituo kikubwa kiko kwenye [[Lambo la Inga]] takriban kilomita 200 upande wa kusini magharibi wa [[Kinshasa]]. Mradi ulianzishwa katika [[miaka ya 1970]]. Wakati ule mfululizo wa malambo 5 ulipangwa. Hadi sasa 2 yamejengwa, lambo la kwanza (Inga I) lilikuwa tayari mwaka [[1972]], Inga II ikafuata mwaka [[1982]] na yote miwili ina rafadha 14<ref name="weetlogs.scilogs.be"/> zinazoweza kuzalisha [[megawati]] 1,775 kwa jumla, lakini kutokana na uhaba wa matengenezo na usimamzi yanafikia si zaidi ya [[nusu]] yake. <ref> [https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/inga-1-and-inga-2-dams-3616 "Inga 1 and Inga 2 dams]" kwenye tovuti ya www.internationalrivers.org, ilitazamiwa Mei 2016</ref> Shirika la [[Eskom]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] imependekeza kuongeza lambo la tatu na - pamoja na matengenezo kwenye malambo mengine - kuongeza uwezo wa majiumeme hadi kiwango cha [[gigawati]] 40. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/congo/story/0,12292,1425023,00.html |title=Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa? |work=World news |publisher=The Guardian | location=London | first=Jeevan | last=Vasagar | date=2005-02-25 | accessdate=2010-04-30}}</ref> Lakini kuna wataalamu walioonyesha mashaka kuwa malambo mapya yatakuwa hatari kwa [[ekolojia]] ya mto na hasa [[maisha]] ya [[spishi]] nyingi za mtoni.<ref>Norlander, Britt (20 April 2009). "[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rough+waters%3A+one+of+the+world's+most+turbulent+rivers+is+home+to+a...-a0198169413 Rough waters: one of the world's most turbulent rivers is home to a wide array of fish species. Now, large dams are threatening their future]". Science World. (hitimisho ilitazamiwa kwenye tovuti ya the Free Library, Mei 2016)</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Kongo]] (maana) * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Kujisomea== * 1837: [[s:Silence (Poe, short story)|Silence&nbsp;– A Fable]] is a short story by [[Edgar Allan Poe]], written in 1837. "The region of which I speak is a dreary region in Libya, by the borders of the river Zaire." * 1878: [[Henry Morton Stanley]] documented his journey down the Congo River in ''[[s:Author:Henry Morton Stanley|Through the Dark Continent]]'', first published in 1878.[http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1104859W/Through_the_Dark_continent Through the Dark continent]. Open Library. Retrieved on 2011-11-29. * 1899: [[Joseph Conrad]]'s ''[[Heart of Darkness]]'' is a short novel about [[Charles Marlow]]'s life as an [[ivory]] transporter down the Congo River in [[Central Africa]]. The river is "a mighty big river, that you could see on the map, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land". * 1914: American poet [[Vachel Lindsay]] portrays a dark and savage society around the Congo River in his 1914 poem ''The Congo: A Study of the Negro Race''. * 1921: The Congo is mentioned in [[Langston Hughes]]'s poem "[[The Negro Speaks of Rivers]]". * 1930: Both Congo River and basin form the setting of ''[[Hoity Toity (novel)|Hoity Toity]]'', the Soviet science fiction novel by [[Alexander Belyayev]]. * 1980: The Congo River is featured in a chapter of [[Michael Crichton]]'s novel ''[[Congo (novel)|Congo]]'' (published in 1980), as well as in the 1995 film based on the book. * 1995: The Congo River is featured in the action film [[Congo (film)|Congo]], by director [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]], although it is not mentioned by name in the film. The film is based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. * 1996: British author [[Redmond O'Hanlon]] has a travelogue published by Penguin Books under the title of ''Congo Journey'' (1996). * 1998: The river's history is discussed in the 1998 book ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]'' (by [[Adam Hochschild]]). * 2006: The river's history is discussed in the book ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'' (by Maria Petringa, Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006). * 2007: The Congo River and the Democratic Republic of Congo are the scenario for the 2007 book ''Blood River'' by journalist [[Tim Butcher]],{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/71b85180-87e5-11e0-a6de-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1NccBGO3m |author=Paul Theroux |title=The places in between |publisher=Financial Times |date=27 May 2011 |accessdate=26 June 2011}} based on his intrepid travels up and down Africa's second longest river. ''Blood River'' was an attempt to retrace Henry Morton Stanley's trip down the Congo River, documented in ''Through the Dark Continent'' (first published, 1878), and was shortlisted for the 2008 [[British Book Awards]]. * 2010: The Congo River is a central element in the 2010 novel by [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], ''El sueño del celta'' ([[The Dream of the Celt]]), a fictionalisation of episodes in the life of the Irishman [[Roger Casement]]. The book is to be published in English in 2012. * 2012: Phil Harwood's book "Canoeing the Congo" , Harwood, P. (2012). Canoeing the Congo: First Source to Sea Descent of the Congo River. Matador. ISBN 978-1780880075, {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Kongo|*]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] lif5t10818mmopdo7n8s11jx416cnu2 0 3048 1580594 1194231 2026-07-19T17:31:28Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku ya Mto | river_name = Mto Niger | image_name = Niger river at Koulikoro.jpg | caption = Mto Niger huko Kulikoro (Mali) | origin = [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mouth = [[Atlantiki]] | basin_countries = [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] na [[Nigeria]] | length = 4,374 km | elevation = 800 m | discharge = 6,000 m&sup3;/s | watershed = 1,900,000 km&sup2; }} '''Niger''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]] na [[mito mirefu ya Afrika|mto mrefu]] wa [[tatu]] barani [[Afrika]] ukiwa na mwendo wa [[km]] 4.374. Njia yake ni kama upinde ikianzia [[Guinea]] katika [[nyanda za juu]] za [[Futa Djallon]] kuelekea [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] kupitia [[Mali]] hadi [[Niger]]. Karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Timbuktu]] inageukia kuelekea mashariki, halafu mashariki-[[kusini]] kupitia [[Benin]] na [[Nigeria]] hadi kufika [[mdomo]] wa [[delta]] yake kwenye [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] ya [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. Kabla ya kufikia Timbuktu (Niger) mto huu unapanuka kuwa na [[delta ya barani]] pia mdomo wake baharini una delta kubwa sana. ==Jina== Jina linatokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Watuareg]] "ghir n-igheren" (yaani "Mto wa mito")<ref>Hunwick, John O. (2003) [1999]. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents. Leiden: Brill. p. 275 Fn 22. ISBN 90-04-11207-3.</ref>. Jina hili lilichukuliwa na [[waandishi]] wa [[Ulaya]] ya [[karne za kati]] na kusomwa kwa namna ya [[Kilatini]] kama "Niger" yaani "cheusi", "mto mweusi" au "mto wa nchi ya Weusi". Jina hili la Kilatini lilionekana mara ya kwanza kwenye [[ramani]] ya [[Klaudio Ptolemaio]] kwa ajili ya mto mmoja upande wa kusini wa [[milima ya Atlas]]. Nchi za kisasa za [[Niger]] na [[Nigeria]] zimepata majina yake kutoka kwa jina la mto huo. Wenyeji wa huko wana majina mbalimbali kwa ajili ya mto huu: Joliba katika lugha za [[Kimandinga]] na Isa Ber kwa [[Kisonghai]]. Majina yote humaanisha "mto mkubwa". Katika maeneo karibu na mdomo wake ulijulikana pia kama "Kworra" (au Quorra). [[Wataalamu]] wa Ulaya waliokusanya habari zake walifikiri mwanzoni ya kwamba unaishia kwenye [[Ziwa Chad]] au katika [[mto Naili]]. Walitambua baadaye ya kwamba ni mto uleule uliojulikana kwao tayari kwa jina la "Quorra". == Historia == Njia ya upinde ya mto Niger ilichanganya wataalamu wa Ulaya pamoja na [[Waarabu]] kwa [[karne]] nyingi. [[Waroma wa kale]] walifahamu mto ule mkubwa karibu na Timbuktu wakafikiri ya kwamba unaendelea kujiunga na [[mto Nile]]. Mtaalamu Mwarabu [[Ibn Battuta]] alifikiri hivyo pia. Wengine waliona utaishia kwenye [[mto Senegal]] au [[mto Kongo]]. Kuchanganyikiwa huku kulisababisha kwa karne nyingi [[ramani]] zisizoonyesha mwendo halisi wa mto. Wasafiri na wataalamu wa nje hawakuelewa ya kwamba mto mkubwa ulio karibu na Timbuktu na mto mkubwa unaoingia Atlantiki kwenye Ghuba ya Guinea huko Nigeria ni mto uleule. Ni tangu mwaka [[1830]] tu ya kwamba [[msafara]] wa [[mpelelezi]] [[Mungo Park]] ulileta taarifa ya kutambua hali halisi. ==Jiografia== Mto Niger una [[chanzo]] chake katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] nchini [[Guinea]], [[umbali]] wa kilomita 240 kutoka bahari Atlantiki. Lakini haufiki baharini moja kwa moja, bali unaelekea kaskazini mashariki kwa [[Sahara]] kupitia [[Bamako]] na kuunda delta ya barani inayoitwa "Massina" ambako [[mji]] mkubwa ni [[Mopti]]. Unaendelea hadi [[Timbuktu]] unapopita kwenye Sahara ya kusini na kubadilisha mweleko kwenda kusini mashariki. Karibu na mji wa [[Gao]] unapita kwa [[matuta ya mchanga]] ya [[Koyma]] na kuingia tena katika kanda la [[Sahel]]. Halafu unapita nchi ya Niger na [[mji mkuu]] wake, [[Niamey]]. Kutoka hapa njia yake ni mpaka wa [[Benin]] hadi "hifadhi ya W" mpakani mwa Niger, [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Benin]]. Kutoka hapa mto Niger unaendelea hadi Nigeria. Karibu na [[Lokoja]] unapokea [[tawimto]] wa [[Benue]] na kuingia katika kanda la [[msitu wa mvua]] wa Nigeria. Karibu na mji wa [[Onitsha]] mto unaanza kujigawa na kuwa [[delta ya Niger]]. Mikono yake mikubwa inaitwa [[Forcados]], [[Nun]] na [[Escravos]]. [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|Upinde mkubwa wa mto Niger unavyoonekana kutoka [[satelaiti]] ni upinde wa kijani katika nchi kavu yenye [[rangi]] ya [[kahawia]] ya Sahel na Sahara.]] Mto Niger unabeba [[tope|matope]] kidogo kulingana na mto Naili kwa sababu chanzo chake kipo katika eneo la [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]].<ref>Reader, John (2001), Africa, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, ISBN 0-620-25506-4. uk.191</ref>}} Sawa na Naili ina mafuriko ya kila mwaka yanayoanza mwezi wa Septemba, kufikia jii kwenye Novemba na kuishi mwezi wa Mei <ref>Reader uk. 191</ref> [[Tabia]] isiyo ya kawaida ni [[delta ya barani]] inayotokea pale ambako [[mtelemko]] wa mto unakwisha. Tokeo lake ni eneo lenye ukubwa wa [[Ubelgji]] ambako mto unagawiwa katika mikono mingi na [[vinamasi]]. Hili ni eneo zuri kwa [[uvuvi]] na [[kilimo]]. <ref>Reader uk. 191–192</ref>}} Kati ya delta ya barani na Timbuktu mto unapotewa na angalau [[theluthi]] mbili za [[maji]] yake katika ardhi kavu pamoja na [[uvukizaji]]. Upotevu huu umekadiriwa kulingana na km³ 31 kwa [[mwaka]] lakini kiasi kinabadilika mwaka kwa mwaka. <ref name="FAO">[[FAO]]:[http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin], 1997</ref> Baadaye matawimto mengi yanaingia na kuongeza kiwango cha maji, hata hivyo kiasi kikubwa kinapotea kwa sababu ya uvukizaji. ==Hidrolojia== Kiwango cha maji kwenye mto kinategemea [[majira]]: kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya [[majira ya mvua]] na [[ukame]]. Kiasi kilipimwa kwa muda wa miaka 40 kwenye mji wa [[Malanville]] nchini Benin uliopo kilomita 1100 kutoka mdomo wa mto. <ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1734500.html GRDC – Mto Niger huko Malanville]</ref> Katika kipindi hicho [[wastani]] wa maji katika miaka hii 49 ilikuwa m³/s 1053; kiasi kidogo kilikuwa m³/s 18, inayomaanisha mto karibu kukauka. Kiasi cha juu kilikuwa m³/s 2726. Kwa wastani ni m³/s 6000 zinazofikia [[Atlantiki]]. [[picha:NigerFerry1990.jpg|thumb|[[Feri]] ya mto Niger karibu na mji wa [[Mopti]]]] === Matawimto === [[Picha:Niger mto.jpg|thumb|400px|Beseni la mto Niger.]] * [[Bani]] * [[Sokoto (mto)|Sokoto]] * [[Benue]] * [[Béli]] * [[Gorouol]] * [[Tapoa]] == Miji mtoni == * [[Bamako]] * [[Segou]] * [[Mopti]] * [[Timbuktu]] * [[Niamey]] * [[Onitsha]] * [[Port Harcourt]] - karibu na delta == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya mito ya Nigeria]] * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Mali]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Niger]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Nigeria]] evkfq800ah0ndo0h3jeygawnm8mbu7e 1580596 1580594 2026-07-19T17:36:09Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Jiografia */ 1580596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku ya Mto | river_name = Mto Niger | image_name = Niger river at Koulikoro.jpg | caption = Mto Niger huko Kulikoro (Mali) | origin = [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mouth = [[Atlantiki]] | basin_countries = [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Benin]] na [[Nigeria]] | length = 4,374 km | elevation = 800 m | discharge = 6,000 m&sup3;/s | watershed = 1,900,000 km&sup2; }} '''Niger''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa kabisa wa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]] na [[mito mirefu ya Afrika|mto mrefu]] wa [[tatu]] barani [[Afrika]] ukiwa na mwendo wa [[km]] 4.374. Njia yake ni kama upinde ikianzia [[Guinea]] katika [[nyanda za juu]] za [[Futa Djallon]] kuelekea [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] kupitia [[Mali]] hadi [[Niger]]. Karibu na [[mji]] wa [[Timbuktu]] inageukia kuelekea mashariki, halafu mashariki-[[kusini]] kupitia [[Benin]] na [[Nigeria]] hadi kufika [[mdomo]] wa [[delta]] yake kwenye [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] ya [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. Kabla ya kufikia Timbuktu (Niger) mto huu unapanuka kuwa na [[delta ya barani]] pia mdomo wake baharini una delta kubwa sana. ==Jina== Jina linatokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Watuareg]] "ghir n-igheren" (yaani "Mto wa mito")<ref>Hunwick, John O. (2003) [1999]. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents. Leiden: Brill. p. 275 Fn 22. ISBN 90-04-11207-3.</ref>. Jina hili lilichukuliwa na [[waandishi]] wa [[Ulaya]] ya [[karne za kati]] na kusomwa kwa namna ya [[Kilatini]] kama "Niger" yaani "cheusi", "mto mweusi" au "mto wa nchi ya Weusi". Jina hili la Kilatini lilionekana mara ya kwanza kwenye [[ramani]] ya [[Klaudio Ptolemaio]] kwa ajili ya mto mmoja upande wa kusini wa [[milima ya Atlas]]. Nchi za kisasa za [[Niger]] na [[Nigeria]] zimepata majina yake kutoka kwa jina la mto huo. Wenyeji wa huko wana majina mbalimbali kwa ajili ya mto huu: Joliba katika lugha za [[Kimandinga]] na Isa Ber kwa [[Kisonghai]]. Majina yote humaanisha "mto mkubwa". Katika maeneo karibu na mdomo wake ulijulikana pia kama "Kworra" (au Quorra). [[Wataalamu]] wa Ulaya waliokusanya habari zake walifikiri mwanzoni ya kwamba unaishia kwenye [[Ziwa Chad]] au katika [[mto Naili]]. Walitambua baadaye ya kwamba ni mto uleule uliojulikana kwao tayari kwa jina la "Quorra". == Historia == Njia ya upinde ya mto Niger ilichanganya wataalamu wa Ulaya pamoja na [[Waarabu]] kwa [[karne]] nyingi. [[Waroma wa kale]] walifahamu mto ule mkubwa karibu na Timbuktu wakafikiri ya kwamba unaendelea kujiunga na [[mto Nile]]. Mtaalamu Mwarabu [[Ibn Battuta]] alifikiri hivyo pia. Wengine waliona utaishia kwenye [[mto Senegal]] au [[mto Kongo]]. Kuchanganyikiwa huku kulisababisha kwa karne nyingi [[ramani]] zisizoonyesha mwendo halisi wa mto. Wasafiri na wataalamu wa nje hawakuelewa ya kwamba mto mkubwa ulio karibu na Timbuktu na mto mkubwa unaoingia Atlantiki kwenye Ghuba ya Guinea huko Nigeria ni mto uleule. Ni tangu mwaka [[1830]] tu ya kwamba [[msafara]] wa [[mpelelezi]] [[Mungo Park]] ulileta taarifa ya kutambua hali halisi. ==Jiografia== Mto Niger una [[chanzo]] chake katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] nchini [[Guinea]], [[umbali]] wa kilomita 240 kutoka bahari Atlantiki. Lakini haufiki baharini moja kwa moja, bali unaelekea kaskazini mashariki kwa [[Sahara]] kupitia [[Bamako]] na kuunda delta ya barani inayoitwa "Massina" ambako [[mji]] mkubwa ni [[Mopti]]. Unaendelea hadi [[Timbuktu]] unapopita kwenye Sahara ya kusini na kubadilisha mweleko kwenda kusini mashariki. Karibu na mji wa [[Gao]] unapita kwa [[matuta ya mchanga]] ya [[Koyma]] na kuingia tena katika kanda la [[Sahel]]. Halafu unapita nchi ya Niger na [[mji mkuu]] wake, [[Niamey]]. Kutoka hapa njia yake ni mpaka wa [[Benin]] hadi "hifadhi ya W" mpakani mwa Niger, [[Burkina Faso]] na [[Benin]]. Kutoka hapa mto Niger unaendelea hadi Nigeria. Karibu na [[Lokoja]] unapokea [[tawimto]] wa [[Benue]] na kuingia katika kanda la [[msitu wa mvua]] wa Nigeria. Karibu na mji wa [[Onitsha]] mto unaanza kujigawa na kuwa [[delta ya Niger]]. Mikono yake mikubwa inaitwa [[Forcados]], [[Nun]] na [[Escravos]]. [[File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg|thumb|right|Upinde mkubwa wa mto Niger unavyoonekana kutoka [[satelaiti]] ni upinde wa kijani katika nchi kavu yenye [[rangi]] ya [[kahawia]] ya Sahel na Sahara.]] Mto Niger unabeba [[tope|matope]] kidogo kulingana na mto Naili kwa sababu chanzo chake kipo katika eneo la [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]].<ref>Reader, John (2001), Africa, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, ISBN 0-620-25506-4. uk.191</ref> Sawa na Naili ina mafuriko ya kila mwaka yanayoanza mwezi wa Septemba, kufikia jii kwenye Novemba na kuishi mwezi wa Mei <ref>Reader uk. 191</ref> [[Tabia]] isiyo ya kawaida ni [[delta ya barani]] inayotokea pale ambako [[mtelemko]] wa mto unakwisha. Tokeo lake ni eneo lenye ukubwa wa [[Ubelgji]] ambako mto unagawiwa katika mikono mingi na [[vinamasi]]. Hili ni eneo zuri kwa [[uvuvi]] na [[kilimo]].<ref>Reader uk. 191–192</ref> Kati ya delta ya barani na Timbuktu mto unapotewa na angalau [[theluthi]] mbili za [[maji]] yake katika ardhi kavu pamoja na [[uvukizaji]]. Upotevu huu umekadiriwa kulingana na km³ 31 kwa [[mwaka]] lakini kiasi kinabadilika mwaka kwa mwaka. <ref name="FAO">[[FAO]]:[http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin], 1997</ref> Baadaye matawimto mengi yanaingia na kuongeza kiwango cha maji, hata hivyo kiasi kikubwa kinapotea kwa sababu ya uvukizaji. ==Hidrolojia== Kiwango cha maji kwenye mto kinategemea [[majira]]: kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya [[majira ya mvua]] na [[ukame]]. Kiasi kilipimwa kwa muda wa miaka 40 kwenye mji wa [[Malanville]] nchini Benin uliopo kilomita 1100 kutoka mdomo wa mto. <ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1734500.html GRDC – Mto Niger huko Malanville]</ref> Katika kipindi hicho [[wastani]] wa maji katika miaka hii 49 ilikuwa m³/s 1053; kiasi kidogo kilikuwa m³/s 18, inayomaanisha mto karibu kukauka. Kiasi cha juu kilikuwa m³/s 2726. Kwa wastani ni m³/s 6000 zinazofikia [[Atlantiki]]. [[picha:NigerFerry1990.jpg|thumb|[[Feri]] ya mto Niger karibu na mji wa [[Mopti]]]] === Matawimto === [[Picha:Niger mto.jpg|thumb|400px|Beseni la mto Niger.]] * [[Bani]] * [[Sokoto (mto)|Sokoto]] * [[Benue]] * [[Béli]] * [[Gorouol]] * [[Tapoa]] == Miji mtoni == * [[Bamako]] * [[Segou]] * [[Mopti]] * [[Timbuktu]] * [[Niamey]] * [[Onitsha]] * [[Port Harcourt]] - karibu na delta == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya mito ya Nigeria]] * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Niger| ]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Mali]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Niger]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Nigeria]] h1hsc7mrhkftqu8w1tijesfdojejo7t 0 3073 1580579 1148257 2026-07-19T16:28:54Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mto | jina = Mto wa Ubangi | picha = Ubangi 21.43546E 4.35078N.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ubangi inavyoonekana kutoka angani kati ya maeneo ya mashamba na msitu wa mvua | chanzo = Maungano ya mito [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] na [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] mpakani wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | mdomo = [[Kongo (mto)|Mto Kongo]] (karibu na [[Mbandaka]]) | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | urefu = 850 km, pamoja na Uele 2.272 km | kimo = | tawimito = [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]], [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | mkondo = 7,000 m³/s | eneo = 613,202 km² | watu = | miji = [[Bangui]] }} '''Ubangi''' ni [[tawimto]] kubwa la [[mto]] [[Kongo (mto)|Kongo]] na kati ya [[mito mirefu ya Afrika]]. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] chake ni muungano wa mito [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] na [[Mto Uele|Uele]] kwenye mpaka wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] (J.A.K.) na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (J.K.K.). Mto huu unaelekea kwanza [[magharibi]] halafu magharibi-[[kusini]] ukipitia [[mji mkuu]] [[Bangui]]. Mwendo wote wa mto Ubangi ni mpaka wa kimataifa: kwanza kati ya J.A.K. na J.K.K., halafu kati ya J.K.K. na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]. Ubangi waishia katika mto Kongo takriban [[kilomita]] 90 [[kusini]] kwa [[mji]] wa [[Mbandaka]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html Watersheds of Africa: A20 Zambezi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html |date=20070312073055 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[jamii:Mto Kongo]] hfwgbgxcohkv1l3cg6krxe3oi3lwmgt 1580580 1580579 2026-07-19T16:29:29Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mto | jina = Mto wa Ubangi | picha = Ubangi 21.43546E 4.35078N.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Ubangi inavyoonekana kutoka angani kati ya maeneo ya mashamba na msitu wa mvua | chanzo = Maungano ya mito [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] na [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] mpakani wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | mdomo = [[Kongo (mto)|Mto Kongo]] (karibu na [[Mbandaka]]) | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | urefu = 850 km, pamoja na Uele 2.272 km | kimo = | tawimito = [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]], [[Uele (mto)|Uele]] | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | mkondo = 7,000 m³/s | eneo = 613,202 km² | watu = | miji = [[Bangui]] }} '''Ubangi''' ni [[tawimto]] kubwa la [[mto]] [[Kongo (mto)|Kongo]] na ni kati ya [[mito mirefu ya Afrika]]. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] chake ni muungano wa mito [[Mbomou (mto)|Mbomou]] na [[Mto Uele|Uele]] kwenye mpaka wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] (J.A.K.) na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (J.K.K.). Mto huu unaelekea kwanza [[magharibi]] halafu magharibi-[[kusini]] ukipitia [[mji mkuu]] [[Bangui]]. Mwendo wote wa mto Ubangi ni mpaka wa kimataifa: kwanza kati ya J.A.K. na J.K.K., halafu kati ya J.K.K. na [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]. Ubangi waishia katika mto Kongo takriban [[kilomita]] 90 [[kusini]] kwa [[mji]] wa [[Mbandaka]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html Watersheds of Africa: A20 Zambezi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html |date=20070312073055 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kongo]] [[jamii:Mto Kongo]] 0614el9d8f6pc3rxlkdooj6ndn35iqg 0 3103 1580582 1141593 2026-07-19T16:33:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sunset_view_from_Kalonda.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Muonekano wa Mto wa Kasai wakati wa jua linapozama]] {{Mto | jina = Mto wa Kasai | picha = Kasai_River_DRC.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mro Kasai katika Beseni ya Kongo | chanzo = [[Nyanda za juu za Bié]] ([[Angola]]) | mdomo = | nchi = [[Angola]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | urefu = 2,153 km | kimo = takriban 1,500 m | mkondo = hadi 12,000 m³/s | eneo = 881,890 km² | mdomo = [[Kongo (mto)|Kongo]] 170 km kaskazini ya [[Kinshasa]] | matawimto = | matawimto kulia = | matawimto kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} '''Kasai''' ni [[tawimto]] refu la Mto [[Kongo (mto)|Kongo]] unaoanzia kwenye [[Nyanda za Juu za Bie]] za [[Angola]]. Chanzo kiko kwenye 12° kus/19° kask. kaskazini ya [[mji]] wa [[Luena]]. Linaelekea magharibi km 400 linapogeukia kaskazini. Sasa iko mpaka kati ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na Angola kwa 483 km. Katika sehemu hii kuna maporomoko makubwa kadhaa na lalio la mto linapanuka hadi 10 km. Kabla ya kufikia [[Ilebo]] mto unageukia kuelekea magharibi-kaskazini. Sasa ni pia njia ya maji inayotumika na meli. Mto unapanuka kuwa bwawa la [[Wissmann]]. Karibu na mji wa [[Bandundu]] mto wa [[Kwango]] unajiunga na Kasai. Sehemu ya mwisho mto umejulikana kwa jina la Kwa hadi kufika Kongo. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Map of the Kasai River basin at Water Resources eAtlas] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world |date=20120813015647 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] nlw7crwtznkg1frr972vwll4u3ajzji 0 3144 1580597 1576503 2026-07-19T17:55:23Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto Gambia | picha = Gambia satellite fires.jpeg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mto Gambia kutoka angani - mstari mweusi ni mipaka ya nchi ya Gambia. | chanzo = Nyanda za juu za [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mdomo = | nchi = [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]] & [[Gambia]] | urefu = 1,120 km | kimo = 900 m takriban | mkondo = hadi 2000 m³/s kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha mvua njiani | eneo = 69,931 hadi 87,850 km² ''(maelezo hutofautiana)'' | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] kwa mji wa [[Banjul]] | tawimito = | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} [[Picha:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumbnail|300px|left|Mto Gambia ukipitia mbuga wa Niokolo-Koba nchini Senegal]] '''Gambia''' ni mto unaoanza katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] huko [[Guinea]]. Unafuata njia ya kunyooka hadi [[Atlantiki]]. [[Mdomo]] wake ni pana sana. Baada ya kutoka katika Futa Djallon mto unaelekea kaskazini-magharibi kupitia mkoa wa [[Tambakunda]] katika [[Senegal]] halafu mbuga wa wanyama wa Niokolo Koba. Hapa inapokea matawimito ya [[Nieri Ko]] na [[Kuluntu]] na kuingia katika nchi ya [[Gambia]] karibu na mji wa [[Fatoto]]. Kuanzia hapa mto unaelekea magharibi tu isipokuwa kwa njia ya kunyokanyoka. Takriban km 100 kabla ya kufika mdomo unaanza kupanuka ukiwa na upana wa km 10 mdomoni penyewe. Mto una [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani yake, vikubwa zaidi ni kisiwa cha Tembo na kisiwa cha MacCarthy. Kisiwa cha James Island mdomoni kabisa kilikuwa kituo muhimu cha [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kimeandikishwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Jiografia == [[Faili:Gambiarivermap.png|thumb|Ramani inayonyesha bonde la uondoaji maji la Mto Gambia.]] Mto Gambia una urefu wa jumla ya kilomita 1,120 (maili 700). Kutokea eneo la Fouta Djallon, unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini-magharibi kuingia katika Mkoa wa Tambacounda nchini [[Senegal]], ambapo unapita katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Niokolo Koba, kisha unaungana na mito ya Nieri Ko na Koulountou, na kupita katika Maporomoko ya Barrakunda kabla ya kuingia nchini [[Gambia]] katika eneo la Koina. Kuanzia hapa, mto huo unatiririka kwa ujumla kuelekea magharibi, lakini katika mkondo unaopinda-pinda ukifanya mafuriko ya pinde, na takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) kabla ya kufika mdomoni mwake, unapanuka hatua kwa hatua hadi kufikia upana wa zaidi ya kilomita 10 (maili 6.2) pale unapokutana na bahari. [[Faili:Map of the River Gambra (now the Gambia) 1732.JPG|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Gambra (sasa hivi Gambia) ya mwaka 1732]] [[Faili:Gambia satellite fires.jpeg|thumb|Sehemu ya magharibi ya Mto Gambia, inavyoonekana kutoka anga za juu. Mstari huo unaonyesha mpaka wa nchi ya Gambia.]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wa kuelekea juu ya mto, karibu na Kisiwa cha Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|Ukingo wa mto, karibu na Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Ferry.jpg|thumb|Kivuko mtoni, eneo la Janjanbureh]] === Vivuko === Kuna madaraja kadhaa yanayovuka mto huo. Daraja kubwa zaidi na lililopo chini kabisa ya mto (kuelekea mdomoni) ni Daraja la Senegambia linalounganisha miji ya Farafenni na Soma nchini Gambia. Lilizinduliwa mnamo Januari 2019, na linatoa kiungo kati ya maeneo ya Barabara Kuu ya Trans-Gambia yaliyopo katika Ukingo wa Kaskazini na Kusini mwa mto huo. Pia linatoa unganisho la haraka kwa malori ya Senegal yanayosafiri kwenda na kurudi kutoka jimbo lililotengwa la Casamance. Daraja hilo lina urefu wa kilomita 1.9 (maili 1.2) na linachukua nafasi ya kivuko cha magari ambacho hapo awali hakikuwa cha kuaminika. Ushuru unatozwa kwa magari yanayovuka. Pia kuna madaraja katika Mkoa wa ''Upper River'' nchini Gambia katika miji ya Basse Santa Su na Fatoto yaliyofunguliwa mnamo Oktoba 2021,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia - The Point|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|work=thepoint.gm|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> pamoja na daraja lingine nchini Senegal lililopo Gouloumbou. Vivuko vingine vyote hufanywa kwa kutumia kivuko (pantoni), ikijumuisha kivuko kikuu kati ya Banjul na Barra kwenye mdomo wa mto huo, au kwa kutumia boti ndogo. === Mifereji ya asilia ya Maji === Vijito kwenye maeneo ya chini ya mto huo kwa kawaida hujulikana kama ''bolongs'' au ''bolons''. Hivi vinajumuisha Sami Bolong, inayotenganisha nusu za kaskazini za Mkoa wa ''Central River'' na Mkoa wa ''Upper River'', Bintang Bolong inayotenganisha Mkoa wa ''Lower Rive''r kutoka Mkoa wa ''West Coast'', pamoja na vijito vidogo zaidi vya maji kama vile Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, na Sandugu bolongs. == Historia == Wakazi wa mapema zaidi wanaojulikana wa eneo la kando ya Mto Gambia ni pamoja na Wajola, Wabalante, Wabainuk, na Wamanjak. Mgunduzi wa Kikarthaji, Hanno Baharia, huenda alifika Gambia wakati wa msafara wake katika karne ya tano KK (Kabla ya Kristo). Kulingana na historia ya mapokeo ya mdomo (oral tradition), idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji wa Kimandinka kutoka Mali wakiongozwa na Tiramakhan Traore, mmoja wa majenerali wakuu wa Sundiata, walikuja katika eneo hili katika karne ya 14. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wanahistoria wa sasa wanahoji kuwa ni wahamiaji wachache kiasi, hasa wafanyabiashara wa ''jula'', ambao badala yake walisababisha mabadiliko ya taratibu ya kijamii na kiutamaduni yaliyofanya watu wajinasibu na kabila la Mandinka lenye hadhi ya juu pamoja na Dola ya Mali iliyokuwa ikitawala. Wajula hawa waliifanya Gambia kuwa sehemu muhimu ya mtandao mpana wa biashara wa Afrika Magharibi, ambapo chumvi, samaki wenye magome, chuma, nguo, pembe za ndovu, nta ya nyuki, dhahabu, watumwa, ngozi na bidhaa nyinginezo zilibadilishana hadi kufikia Mto Niger na maeneo ya mbali zaidi. Alvise Cadamosto, mgunduzi wa Kivenisi aliyekuwa akifanya kazi kwa ajili ya Wareno, akawa Mzungu wa kwanza kusafiri kwa meli hadi Gambia mnamo mwaka 1455, akiuita mto huo Gambra au Cambra. Vyanzo vingine vya kipindi hicho vinarekodi majina kama vile Guambea, Guabu, na Gambu (pengine ni muunganiko wa makosa, wa wakati huo au katika uandishi wa kihistoria wa baadaye, kati ya jina la mto huo na ufalme wa Kaabu). Wakati wafanyabiashara wa nchi mbalimbali za Ulaya wakifanya biashara kwenye mto Gambia kwa karne mbili baada ya Cadamosto, Usultani/Utemi wa Courland na Semigallia ulikuwa wa kwanza kuanzisha ngome ya kudumu, katika kisiwa walichokiita Kisiwa cha St. Andrew mnamo mwaka 1651. Baada ya kuchukua udhibiti wa kisiwa hicho na kukibadilisha jina kuwa 'St. James' mnamo mwaka 1661, Waingereza walichuana vikali na Wafaransa kuwania utawala wa kibiashara wa mto huo kwa karne moja na nusu iliyofuata. Katika kipindi hiki, falme zilizokuwa kando ya mto Gambia zilijumuisha Niumi (pia ikijulikana kama Barra), Niani, Kantora, Jimara, Kiang, Badibu, Fuladu, Tumana, na Wuli, ambazo zote zimebebesha majina yao kwenye wilaya za Gambia hivi leo. Vituo vikuu vya biashara vilivyopo kwenye mto huo au karibu nao vilijumuisha Barra, Albreda, Juffure, Kisiwa cha James (sasa ni Eneo la Urithi wa Dunia la [[UNESCO]]), Tendaba, Joar, Kisiwa cha MacCarthy, Fattatenda, na Sutukoba. Karibu na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 18, mgunduzi wa Kiskoti Mungo Park alisafiri kuelekea juu ya mto Gambia mara mbili akiwa njiani kuelekea [[Niger (mto)|Mto Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Washington |first=Capt. |date=1838 |title=Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797825 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=8 |pages=448–454 |doi=10.2307/1797825 |issn=0266-6235}}</ref> Mkataba wa Waingereza na Wafaransa wa mwaka 1889 uliweka mipaka ya Eneo la Ulinzi la Gambia na koloni la Senegal kuwa kilomita kumi kaskazini na kusini mwa mto huo kuelekea ndani kabisa ya nchi hadi kufika Yarbutenda (karibu na eneo la sasa la Koina), kukiwa na kipenyo cha duara cha kilomita 10 kuashiria mpaka wa mashariki ikipimwa kutokea katikati ya mji. Kwa hiyo, Waingereza walidhibiti mto huo kwa umbali wote ambao meli za baharini zingeweza kupita. Ingawa mipaka hiyo ilionekana sana kama ya muda mfupi wakati huo, ile iliyowekwa mnamo 1889 imebaki bila kubadilika tangu wakati huo. == Flora and fauna == Wanyama wa majini (fauna) katika bonde la Mto Gambia wanashabihiana kwa karibu sana na wale wa bondei la Mto Senegal, na mabonde haya mawili kwa kawaida huunganishwa chini ya ikolojia moja inayojulikana kama Matunzio ya Maji ya Senegal-Gambia. Ingawa utajiri wa aina mbalimbali za viumbe ni mkubwa kiasi, ni aina tatu tu za vyura na aina moja tu ya samaki ambao wanapatikana katika ikolojia hii pekee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|work=www.feow.org|accessdate=2026-06-23|archive-date=2016-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ziada (''oysters'') huvunwa kutoka Mto Gambia na wanawake na hutumiwa kutengeneza mchuzi wa ziada, ambao ni chakula cha asili katika mapishi ya Gambia. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * {{en}} [http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php The Gambia Basin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php |date=20060510044555 }} [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Gambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Senegal]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] cu7zqu06ya14qjc24cpan2bg8b0keod 1580598 1580597 2026-07-19T17:56:40Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto Gambia | picha = Gambia satellite fires.jpeg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mto Gambia kutoka angani - mstari mweusi ni mipaka ya nchi ya Gambia. | chanzo = Nyanda za juu za [[Futa Djalon]], [[Guinea]] | mdomo = | nchi = [[Guinea]], [[Senegal]] & [[Gambia]] | urefu = 1,120 km | kimo = 900 m takriban | mkondo = hadi 2000 m³/s kutegemeana na majira na kiasi cha mvua njiani | eneo = 69,931 hadi 87,850 km² ''(maelezo hutofautiana)'' | mdomo = [[Atlantiki]] kwa mji wa [[Banjul]] | tawimito = | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} [[Picha:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumbnail|300px|left|Mto Gambia ukipitia mbuga wa Niokolo-Koba nchini Senegal]] '''Gambia''' ni mto unaoanza katika [[milima]] ya [[Futa Djalon]] huko [[Guinea]]. Unafuata njia ya kunyooka hadi [[Atlantiki]]. [[Mdomo]] wake ni mpana sana. Baada ya kutoka katika Futa Djallon mto unaelekea kaskazini-magharibi kupitia mkoa wa [[Tambakunda]] katika [[Senegal]] halafu mbuga wa wanyama wa Niokolo Koba. Hapa inapokea matawimito ya [[Nieri Ko]] na [[Kuluntu]] na kuingia katika nchi ya [[Gambia]] karibu na mji wa [[Fatoto]]. Kuanzia hapa mto unaelekea magharibi tu isipokuwa kwa njia ya kunyokanyoka. Takriban km 100 kabla ya kufika mdomo unaanza kupanuka ukiwa na upana wa km 10 mdomoni penyewe. Mto una [[visiwa]] mbalimbali ndani yake, vikubwa zaidi ni kisiwa cha Tembo na kisiwa cha MacCarthy. Kisiwa cha James mdomoni kabisa kilikuwa kituo muhimu cha [[biashara ya watumwa]] na kimeandikishwa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]]. == Jiografia == [[Faili:Gambiarivermap.png|thumb|Ramani inayonyesha bonde la uondoaji maji la Mto Gambia.]] Mto Gambia una urefu wa jumla ya kilomita 1,120 (maili 700). Kutokea eneo la Fouta Djallon, unatiririka kuelekea kaskazini-magharibi kuingia katika Mkoa wa Tambacounda nchini [[Senegal]], ambapo unapita katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Niokolo Koba, kisha unaungana na mito ya Nieri Ko na Koulountou, na kupita katika Maporomoko ya Barrakunda kabla ya kuingia nchini [[Gambia]] katika eneo la Koina. Kuanzia hapa, mto huo unatiririka kwa ujumla kuelekea magharibi, lakini katika mkondo unaopinda-pinda ukifanya mafuriko ya pinde, na takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) kabla ya kufika mdomoni mwake, unapanuka hatua kwa hatua hadi kufikia upana wa zaidi ya kilomita 10 (maili 6.2) pale unapokutana na bahari. [[Faili:Map of the River Gambra (now the Gambia) 1732.JPG|thumb|Ramani ya Mto Gambra (sasa hivi Gambia) ya mwaka 1732]] [[Faili:Gambia satellite fires.jpeg|thumb|Sehemu ya magharibi ya Mto Gambia, inavyoonekana kutoka anga za juu. Mstari huo unaonyesha mpaka wa nchi ya Gambia.]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wa kuelekea juu ya mto, karibu na Kisiwa cha Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|Ukingo wa mto, karibu na Janjanbureh]] [[Faili:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Ferry.jpg|thumb|Kivuko mtoni, eneo la Janjanbureh]] === Vivuko === Kuna madaraja kadhaa yanayovuka mto huo. Daraja kubwa zaidi na lililopo chini kabisa ya mto (kuelekea mdomoni) ni Daraja la Senegambia linalounganisha miji ya Farafenni na Soma nchini Gambia. Lilizinduliwa mnamo Januari 2019, na linatoa kiungo kati ya maeneo ya Barabara Kuu ya Trans-Gambia yaliyopo katika Ukingo wa Kaskazini na Kusini mwa mto huo. Pia linatoa unganisho la haraka kwa malori ya Senegal yanayosafiri kwenda na kurudi kutoka jimbo lililotengwa la Casamance. Daraja hilo lina urefu wa kilomita 1.9 (maili 1.2) na linachukua nafasi ya kivuko cha magari ambacho hapo awali hakikuwa cha kuaminika. Ushuru unatozwa kwa magari yanayovuka. Pia kuna madaraja katika Mkoa wa ''Upper River'' nchini Gambia katika miji ya Basse Santa Su na Fatoto yaliyofunguliwa mnamo Oktoba 2021,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia - The Point|url=https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia|work=thepoint.gm|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}</ref> pamoja na daraja lingine nchini Senegal lililopo Gouloumbou. Vivuko vingine vyote hufanywa kwa kutumia kivuko (pantoni), ikijumuisha kivuko kikuu kati ya Banjul na Barra kwenye mdomo wa mto huo, au kwa kutumia boti ndogo. === Mifereji ya asilia ya Maji === Vijito kwenye maeneo ya chini ya mto huo kwa kawaida hujulikana kama ''bolongs'' au ''bolons''. Hivi vinajumuisha Sami Bolong, inayotenganisha nusu za kaskazini za Mkoa wa ''Central River'' na Mkoa wa ''Upper River'', Bintang Bolong inayotenganisha Mkoa wa ''Lower Rive''r kutoka Mkoa wa ''West Coast'', pamoja na vijito vidogo zaidi vya maji kama vile Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, na Sandugu bolongs. == Historia == Wakazi wa mapema zaidi wanaojulikana wa eneo la kando ya Mto Gambia ni pamoja na Wajola, Wabalante, Wabainuk, na Wamanjak. Mgunduzi wa Kikarthaji, Hanno Baharia, huenda alifika Gambia wakati wa msafara wake katika karne ya tano KK (Kabla ya Kristo). Kulingana na historia ya mapokeo ya mdomo (oral tradition), idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji wa Kimandinka kutoka Mali wakiongozwa na Tiramakhan Traore, mmoja wa majenerali wakuu wa Sundiata, walikuja katika eneo hili katika karne ya 14. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wanahistoria wa sasa wanahoji kuwa ni wahamiaji wachache kiasi, hasa wafanyabiashara wa ''jula'', ambao badala yake walisababisha mabadiliko ya taratibu ya kijamii na kiutamaduni yaliyofanya watu wajinasibu na kabila la Mandinka lenye hadhi ya juu pamoja na Dola ya Mali iliyokuwa ikitawala. Wajula hawa waliifanya Gambia kuwa sehemu muhimu ya mtandao mpana wa biashara wa Afrika Magharibi, ambapo chumvi, samaki wenye magome, chuma, nguo, pembe za ndovu, nta ya nyuki, dhahabu, watumwa, ngozi na bidhaa nyinginezo zilibadilishana hadi kufikia Mto Niger na maeneo ya mbali zaidi. Alvise Cadamosto, mgunduzi wa Kivenisi aliyekuwa akifanya kazi kwa ajili ya Wareno, akawa Mzungu wa kwanza kusafiri kwa meli hadi Gambia mnamo mwaka 1455, akiuita mto huo Gambra au Cambra. Vyanzo vingine vya kipindi hicho vinarekodi majina kama vile Guambea, Guabu, na Gambu (pengine ni muunganiko wa makosa, wa wakati huo au katika uandishi wa kihistoria wa baadaye, kati ya jina la mto huo na ufalme wa Kaabu). Wakati wafanyabiashara wa nchi mbalimbali za Ulaya wakifanya biashara kwenye mto Gambia kwa karne mbili baada ya Cadamosto, Usultani/Utemi wa Courland na Semigallia ulikuwa wa kwanza kuanzisha ngome ya kudumu, katika kisiwa walichokiita Kisiwa cha St. Andrew mnamo mwaka 1651. Baada ya kuchukua udhibiti wa kisiwa hicho na kukibadilisha jina kuwa 'St. James' mnamo mwaka 1661, Waingereza walichuana vikali na Wafaransa kuwania utawala wa kibiashara wa mto huo kwa karne moja na nusu iliyofuata. Katika kipindi hiki, falme zilizokuwa kando ya mto Gambia zilijumuisha Niumi (pia ikijulikana kama Barra), Niani, Kantora, Jimara, Kiang, Badibu, Fuladu, Tumana, na Wuli, ambazo zote zimebebesha majina yao kwenye wilaya za Gambia hivi leo. Vituo vikuu vya biashara vilivyopo kwenye mto huo au karibu nao vilijumuisha Barra, Albreda, Juffure, Kisiwa cha James (sasa ni Eneo la Urithi wa Dunia la [[UNESCO]]), Tendaba, Joar, Kisiwa cha MacCarthy, Fattatenda, na Sutukoba. Karibu na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 18, mgunduzi wa Kiskoti Mungo Park alisafiri kuelekea juu ya mto Gambia mara mbili akiwa njiani kuelekea [[Niger (mto)|Mto Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Washington |first=Capt. |date=1838 |title=Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797825 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=8 |pages=448–454 |doi=10.2307/1797825 |issn=0266-6235}}</ref> Mkataba wa Waingereza na Wafaransa wa mwaka 1889 uliweka mipaka ya Eneo la Ulinzi la Gambia na koloni la Senegal kuwa kilomita kumi kaskazini na kusini mwa mto huo kuelekea ndani kabisa ya nchi hadi kufika Yarbutenda (karibu na eneo la sasa la Koina), kukiwa na kipenyo cha duara cha kilomita 10 kuashiria mpaka wa mashariki ikipimwa kutokea katikati ya mji. Kwa hiyo, Waingereza walidhibiti mto huo kwa umbali wote ambao meli za baharini zingeweza kupita. Ingawa mipaka hiyo ilionekana sana kama ya muda mfupi wakati huo, ile iliyowekwa mnamo 1889 imebaki bila kubadilika tangu wakati huo. == Flora and fauna == Wanyama wa majini (fauna) katika bonde la Mto Gambia wanashabihiana kwa karibu sana na wale wa bondei la Mto Senegal, na mabonde haya mawili kwa kawaida huunganishwa chini ya ikolojia moja inayojulikana kama Matunzio ya Maji ya Senegal-Gambia. Ingawa utajiri wa aina mbalimbali za viumbe ni mkubwa kiasi, ni aina tatu tu za vyura na aina moja tu ya samaki ambao wanapatikana katika ikolojia hii pekee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|work=www.feow.org|accessdate=2026-06-23|archive-date=2016-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030202252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/senegal_gambia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ziada (''oysters'') huvunwa kutoka Mto Gambia na wanawake na hutumiwa kutengeneza mchuzi wa ziada, ambao ni chakula cha asili katika mapishi ya Gambia. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * {{en}} [http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php The Gambia Basin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africanfront.com/water_sheds/water_sheds2/water_sheds3.php |date=20060510044555 }} [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Guinea]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Gambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Senegal]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 7a8y8seeddwastec0ajtq0uwcebpgf0 0 3153 1580584 1570725 2026-07-19T16:36:22Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto wa Chari | picha = View of Chari.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Mto Chari | chanzo = | mdomo = | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Chad]], [[Kamerun]] | urefu = 1,200 km | kimo = 500 - 600 m | mkondo = ?? | eneo = 669,706 km² | mdomo = [[Chad (ziwa)|Ziwa Chad]] | matawimto = | tawimto kulia = | tawimto kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} '''Chari''' ('''Shari''') ni [[mto]] mkubwa unaoishia katika [[Ziwa Chad]]. Unaanza katika [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] ukielekea [[kaskazini]] na kuingia nchi ya [[Chad]]. Baada ya kupita [[mji mkuu]] [[N'Djamena]] mto huu unaunda mpaka na [[Kamerun]] halafu unaishia katika [[Ziwa Chad]]. Chari unatiririsha 90[[%]] ya [[maji]] yote ya kuingia ziwa Chad. Hii inafanya mto huo kuwa chanzo kikuu cha [[uhai]] wa Ziwa Chad na mfumo wake wa [[ekolojia]]. [[Idadi]] kubwa ya wakazi wa nchi ya Chad wanaishi karibu na mto, wakiwa pamoja na wale wa mji mkuu. Watu hao hutegemea mto kwa [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], kwa [[uvuvi]], hasa wa [[samaki]] aina ya [[sangara]], na kwa matumizi ya maji nyumbani. [[Picha:Chari River.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Wavuvi kwenye mto Chari.]] [[Tawimto]] muhimu zaidi ni [[mto Logone]], mengine ni [[Bahr Salamat]], [[Bahr Sarh]], [[Bahr Aouk]] na [[Bahr Keïta]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af2.html Ramani ya beseni la mto Chari River katika Water Resources eAtlas] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af2.html |date=20060625231351 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Chad]] 3t5bmwj7nun0k1p3sqbo8jokrrnyh62 0 5715 1580627 1040631 2026-07-19T23:49:36Z ~2026-40637-59 91052 1580627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wakabwa''' (au Wakabhwa, matamshi ambayo ni sahihi zaidi) ni [[kabila]] la [[watu]] wa [[Tanzania]] linaloishi katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]]. [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikabwa]]. Idadi yao ni takribani watu 20000. Wanapatikana katika [[Kijiji|vijiji]] vya Bukabwa, Mmazami (hapa wamechanganyika na [[Wazanaki]], au 'Abhajanake', au 'Abhashanake'), Kamugendi (hapa wamechanganyika na Wazanaki na [[Wairege]]), na Kirumi (hapa wamechanganyika na [[Wakiroba]] au 'Abhakerobha'). Kama ilivyo kwa wakazi wengi wa Mkoa wa Mara, Wakabwa ni [[jamii]] au [[ukoo]] wa kabila kubwa la [[Wakurya]]. [[Mila]] na [[desturi]] zao zinaelekeana na koo nyingine za Kikurya. Lugha yao haina tofauti na makabila yanayojiita makabila ya Kikurya ijapokuwa ni koo tu. Matamshi yao yanaelekeana na [[Wasweta]] ambao hupatikana kwa wingi [[wilaya ya Tarime]] kando ya [[ziwa Victoria]], jirani na [[Wasimbiti]] (Abhasimbete). Kuna koo kubwa za Warimba, wakasho, Washora na Waruhu. Shughuli zao kubwa ni [[ukulima]] wa [[uwele]], [[mtama]], [[mhogo]] na [[ufugaji]] wa [[wanyama]] mbalimbali kama [[ng'ombe]], [[mbuzi]] na [[kondoo]]. Ni watu wanaomini sana kuhusu [[uchawi]], ndiyo maana hata vijiji vyao vimeshindwa kufanya [[maendeleo]] ya haraka kwa kuhofia kulogwa. Wengi wao wanapatikana katika kijiji cha magana na kirumi. Wanatahiri [[wanaume]] na [[ukeketaji|kukeketa]] [[wasichana]], ingawa mila hii ya kukeketa wasichana inaelekea kwisha. Kuna [[milima]] kama Kimange, Magana, Misisya na Kweswa na kuna [[mito]] kama Nyamirama. ==Watu maarufu katika jamii ya Wakabwa== Miongoni mwa watu maarufu katika jamii ya Wakabwa ni yule aliyekuwa "Chifu/Mwanangwa" wao, Matambalya wa Wandibha. Kutokana na uchache wao, 'Mwanangwa' ndiye aliyekuwa kama 'Chifu' wa Wakabwa, na aliripoti kwa Chifu wa Wazanaki. [[Jina]] la [[mama]] mzazi wa Matambalya ni Nyesa. Ndugu zake walikuwa Makongoro ([[kaka]] zake), na Nyakubhoga ([[dada]] yake). Hata hivyo Matambalya wa Wandibha alifariki [[dunia]] bila kufikia [[umri]] mpevu. Mtawala huyo, yaani Matambalya wa Wandibha, ndiye [[babu]] wa [[biolojia|kibiolojia]] (kwa upande wa [[baba]]) wa msomi maarufu kutoka Mkoa wa Mara, Prof. Francis Shasha (hutamkwa pia Chacha) Matambalya, aliyepata kufundisha [[Chuo kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]], [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bonn]] ([[Ujerumani]]), [[Chuo Kikuu cha Leipzig]] (pia Ujerumani), n.k. Pia [[mchezaji]] maarufu wa [[timu]] za Taifa (Tanzania) za [[netiboli]] na [[Basketball]] kwa wanawake, na pia timu za [[jeshi]] Stars katika michezo hiyo, Bhoke Matambalya ni [[mjukuu]] wa "Chifu/Mwanangwa" Matambalya wa Wandibha. Kadhalika, babu wa Prof. Sarungi, msomi na daktari maarufu wa [[mifupa]] ni Mkabwa, aliyehamia [[Wilaya ya Rorya]], Mara Kaskazini. {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabwa}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara]] sln5vaxqpwa59vt7z16w6vihhatr7wi 1580703 1580627 2026-07-20T10:05:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wakabwa''' (au Wakabhwa, [[matamshi]] ambayo ni sahihi zaidi) ni [[kabila]] la [[watu]] wa [[Tanzania]] linaloishi katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]]. [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikabwa]]. [[Idadi]] yao ni takribani watu 20, 000. Wanapatikana katika [[Kijiji|vijiji]] vya [[Bukabwa]], Mmazami (hapa wamechanganyika na [[Wazanaki]], au 'Abhajanake', au 'Abhashanake'), Kamugendi (hapa wamechanganyika na Wazanaki na [[Wairege]]), Magana na Kirumi (hapa wamechanganyika na [[Wakiroba]] au 'Abhakerobha'). Kama ilivyo kwa wakazi wengi wa Mkoa wa Mara, Wakabwa ni [[jamii]] au [[ukoo]] wa kabila kubwa la [[Wakurya]]. [[Mila]] na [[desturi]] zao zinaelekeana na koo nyingine za Kikurya. Lugha yao haina tofauti na makabila yanayojiita makabila ya Kikurya ijapokuwa ni koo tu. Matamshi yao yanaelekeana na [[Wasweta]] ambao hupatikana kwa wingi [[wilaya ya Tarime]] kando ya [[ziwa Viktoria]], jirani na [[Wasimbiti]] (Abhasimbete). Kuna koo kubwa za Warimba, Wakasho, Washora na Waruhu. Shughuli zao kubwa ni [[ukulima]] wa [[uwele]], [[mtama]], [[mhogo]] na [[ufugaji]] wa [[wanyama]] mbalimbali kama [[ng'ombe]], [[mbuzi]] na [[kondoo]]. Ni watu wanaomini sana kuhusu [[uchawi]], ndiyo maana hata vijiji vyao vimeshindwa kufanya [[maendeleo]] ya haraka kwa kuhofia kulogwa. Wanatahiri [[wanaume]] na [[ukeketaji|kukeketa]] [[wasichana]], ingawa mila hii ya kukeketa wasichana inaelekea kwisha. Katika eneo lao kuna [[milima]] kama Kimange, Magana, Misisya na Kweswa na kuna [[mito]] kama Nyamirama. ==Watu maarufu katika jamii ya Wakabwa== Miongoni mwa watu maarufu katika jamii ya Wakabwa ni yule aliyekuwa "Chifu/Mwanangwa" wao, Matambalya wa Wandibha. Kutokana na uchache wao, 'Mwanangwa' ndiye aliyekuwa kama 'Chifu' wa Wakabwa, na aliripoti kwa Chifu wa Wazanaki. [[Jina]] la [[mama]] mzazi wa Matambalya ni Nyesa. Ndugu zake walikuwa Makongoro ([[kaka]] zake), na Nyakubhoga ([[dada]] yake). Hata hivyo Matambalya wa Wandibha alifariki [[dunia]] bila kufikia [[umri]] mpevu. Mtawala huyo, yaani Matambalya wa Wandibha, ndiye [[babu]] wa [[biolojia|kibiolojia]] (kwa upande wa [[baba]]) wa msomi maarufu kutoka Mkoa wa Mara, Prof. Francis Shasha (hutamkwa pia Chacha) Matambalya, aliyepata kufundisha [[Chuo kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]], [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bonn]] ([[Ujerumani]]), [[Chuo Kikuu cha Leipzig]] (pia Ujerumani), n.k. Pia [[mchezaji]] maarufu wa [[timu]] za taifa za Tanzania za [[netiboli]] na [[mpira wa kikapu]] kwa wanawake, na pia timu za [[jeshi]] Stars katika michezo hiyo, Bhoke Matambalya ni [[mjukuu]] wa "Chifu/Mwanangwa" Matambalya wa Wandibha. Kadhalika, babu wa Prof. Sarungi, daktari maarufu wa [[mifupa]] alikuwa Mkabwa, aliyehamia [[Wilaya ya Rorya]], Mara Kaskazini. {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabwa}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara]] m9rp9mk386zmt3m2p8snxhaw16yavjv 0 15690 1580715 1580415 2026-07-20T11:53:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Miaka ya kwanza ya Klara */ 1580715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Simone_Martini_047.jpg|thumb|right|Mt. Klara katika sehemu ya mchoro wa ukutani ([[1312]]–[[1220]]) wa [[Simone Martini]] katika [[Basilika la Mt. Fransisko]] huko Assisi, [[Italia]].]] '''Klara wa Asizi''' ([[Assisi]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]] [[16 Julai]] [[1193]] - Assisi, [[11 Agosti]] [[1253]]) ni [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kujiunga na [[tapo la toba]] la [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] tena ni mwanamke wa kwanza kutunga [[kanuni ya kitawa]] katika [[historia ya Kanisa]]. Huyo [[bikira]], anayehesabika kuwa [[mwanzilishi]] mwenza wa [[Waklara|Mabibi Fukara]] wa [[Utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]], alipenda kujiita [[mche]] mdogo wa Fransisko, akimfuata kiroho kwa kuishi katika [[mji]] wao [[toba]] kali iliyojaa matendo ya [[upendo]] na [[ibada]]. Akipenda kwa namna ya pekee [[ufukara wa hiari]], hakukubali kamwe kuachanishwa nao, hata alipopatwa na hali ya kuhitaji na kuugua sana<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/24000</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] na msimamizi wa [[televisheni]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. == Nafasi ya wanawake katika Kanisa la zama za kati Ulaya == Kuanzia [[karne ya 11]] wanawake wa [[Ulaya]] walishika nafasi za maana kuliko kawaida katika jamii na [[Kanisa]], wakijitokeza pia kwa wingi kufuata tapo lolote la kiroho la Kikatoliki au la kizushi. Kumbe Fransisko hakupata mwanamke yeyote wa kumfuata kwa walau miaka sita tangu aongoke, na hata baada ya kumpata Klara, hakuwapata tena wengi. Sababu ni kwamba hakuwa [[mchungaji]] wa roho bali mtu mwenye kutafuta njia yake, wala hakuwa na mpango wa kuanzisha lolote, bali alitaka kushiriki tu hali ya watu wa mwisho. Basi, kwa wanawake nafasi ya mwisho haikuwa tu ile ya [[ukoma|wakoma]], bali pia ya ma[[kahaba]] na ya [[uchawi|wachawi]]. Hivyo kwao chaguo la nafasi ya mwisho lilikuwa gumu zaidi, si tu upande wa mateso bali pia upande wa dharau, mbali ya kwamba lingesababisha masingizio juu ya uhusiano wao na ndugu wa kiume. == Miaka ya kwanza ya Klara == Klara alizaliwa mwaka [[1193]] au [[1194]], hivyo alikuwa na miaka 12-13 Fransisko alipovua [[utu wa kale]] mbele ya mji mzima katika uwanda wa [[kanisa kuu]] ule ambako iko nyumba ya Klara. Kwa hakika huyo akaendelea kusikia habari mbalimbali juu ya Fransisko: alivyopata wafuasi, mmojawao [[ndugu Rufino]], [[kaka]] wa Klara; alivyokubaliwa na [[Papa]] n.k. Hatujui kama ni kwa sababu hizo kwamba alikataa [[ndoa]] mbalimbali mpaka akafikia umri wa miaka 18, wala hatujui kama walikutana mara nyingi kwa mashauri ya kiroho. Ila tunajua kwa hakika kuwa baada ya Klara kukimbia nyumbani usiku na kujiunga na jamaa ya [[Ndugu Wadogo]], akifuatwa na mdogo wake [[Anyesi wa Asizi|Anyesi]] baada ya wiki mbili tu, Fransisko alitimiza wajibu wa kumlisha kiroho kwa mahubiri, mifano na hata maandishi. Kwa ushahidi wa Klara tunajua kwamba hata kwake himizo kuu la Fransisko lilikuwa kuambatana moja kwa moja na [[ufukara]] wa [[Mwana wa Mungu]]. Mapema sana (kabla ya mwanzo wa mwaka [[1213]]) Fransisko aliwaahidia akina Klara kuwashughulikia sawa na ndugu wa kiume, akafanya hivyo mpaka kufa, ingawa kipindi fulani alijizuia asiwatembelee kusudi ndugu wengine wasipate kisingizio cha kufanya hivyo. == Kiongozi kwa watawa wa kike == [[File:SDamiano-Clara og søstre.jpg|thumb|250px|Mchoro wa ukutani unaowaonyesha Mt. Klara na masista wake; unapatikana katika kikanisa cha monasteri yao asili, [[San Damiano, Assisi]].]] Klara aliitikia kwa namna bora ya [[upendo]] na [[uaminifu]], akamsaidia kuelewa vizuri zaidi [[wito]] wake wa [[utume|kitume]]. Kufika kwake kwenyewe kulimfanya Fransisko afikirie sana na kushauriana naye juu ya maisha atakayoyashika. Mara wakatambua njia ya wanawake iwe tofauti na ile ya wanaume: kwa hiyo Klara akawa [[mmonaki]] na baadaye [[abesi]], ingawa kwa kushika kikamilifu [[ufukara mkuu]] na kuhusiana kidugu na wenzake. Tofauti na Ndugu Wadogo, ambao Fransisko aliwaelekeza wafuate “mtindo wa [[Injili]] takatifu”, yaani [[Yesu]] alivyowaagiza [[mitume]] waende (Math. 10:5-15), aliwaelekeza [[Waklara]] kwenye “[[ukamilifu]] wa Injili takatifu”, unaoonyeshwa hasa na [[heri nane]] na hotuba nzima ya mlimani (Math. 5:1-7:27), bila ya kuwabana kwa mtindo huo wenye vipengele vingi vya pekee. Tofauti inaonekana wazi katika ushahidi wa [[Askofu]] [[Yakobo wa Vitry]] ulioandikwa mwaka [[1216]] ukieleza maisha ya [[Wafransisko]] yalivyokuwa bado mwanzoni: wote walikuwa wanakula jasho lao, ila ndugu wa kiume kwa kufanya [[kazi]] hasa mjini au vijijini, kumbe akina dada kwa kubaki katika makao yao. Fransisko aliwahurumia daima wanawake hao waliokubali dharau na magumu ya kila aina. Yeye, ambaye hakusita hata kidogo kufuata tu mtindo wa Injili, katika kuwaongoza alizingatia sana udhaifu wa [[jinsia]] yao, na kama kwa kulazimishwa tu na Klara alimruhusu kushika magumu mengi: kila mara [[huruma]] ya Fransisko na msimamo imara wa Klara vilikutana katika kumpendeza [[Mungu]]. Ni baada tu ya kung’amua msimamo huo, kwamba Fransisko alimuahidia atawatunza sawa na ndugu wa kiume. Mwongozo wake wa uso kwa uso ukawa muhimu kuliko kuwaandikia kanuni fulani: badala yake mwenyewe alichukua jukumu la kudumisha ufukara mkuu na [[udugu]] katika monasteri ya kike. == Baada ya kifo cha Fransisko == Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Fransisko, akina Klara waliweza kushuhudia [[madonda ya Yesu]] katika mikono, miguu na ubavu wa mtakatifu huyo. Halafu wakaendelea kupigania ufukara mkuu dhidi ya mashauri ya watu mbalimbali. Ni kwamba baada ya [[Mtaguso IV wa Laterano]] (1215) kukataza [[kanuni]] mpya iliwabidi wapokee mojawapo ya zamani ili wakubaliwe na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama watawa. Basi wakaichagua ile ya [[Benedikto wa Nursia]], wakiifuata katika mambo kadhaa kadiri yalivyopatana na mtindo wao mpya, bila ya nia ya kuwa [[Wabenedikto]]. Hapo ilimpasa Klara kuitwa [[abesi]], jina alilolikubali tu kwa kumtii [[mwanzilishi]], ingawa akaendelea kujiita “mtumishi wa Kristo na wa akina dada fukara”. Hasa Klara hakutosheka na uhalali wa monasteri yake mbele ya Kanisa, bali kwa njia ya Fransisko aliomba akapewa na [[Papa Inosenti III]] “fadhili ya ufukara” (1216), yaani ruhusa ya kuishi bila ya mali hata kijumuia, kama jambo la msingi katika wito wake wa “kuishi kadiri ya [[ukamilifu]] wa [[Injili]] takatifu”, kwa kuungana na [[Yesu]] fukara kama bibiarusi fukara. [[Kardinali]] Ugolino, akiona [[monasteri]] za namna hiyo zinavyoongezeka huko na huko, alizitungia [[katiba]] ([[1219]]) iliyopitishwa na [[Papa Honori III]] ([[1216]]-[[1227]]) ambayo ikawa msingi wa kanuni zote zilizoandikwa baadaye kwa Utawa II. Lengo lake lilikuwa kukinga monasteri hizo dhidi ya upinzani na kuzipa mtindo wa kimonaki zaidi bila ya kuondoa [[usahili]] wake maalumu, ziwe muundo mpya wa aina moja chini ya [[Kanisa la Roma]] moja kwa moja. Katika juhudi zake za kurekebisha [[umonaki]] alielekeza hata monasteri kadhaa za zamani zifuate mtindo wa Mt. Damiano. Desturi kali alizoziagiza humo hazikumtisha Klara, ambaye alijishinda tayari na kujitesa kwa [[ushujaa]] mkubwa (katika kula, kuvaa, kulala n.k.) mpaka akakatazwa asizidishe. Wala hakuogopa ukali wa [[ugo]] ulioagiwa na katiba hiyo, ili kutunza mazingira ya sala. Wasiwasi wake ulihusu ufukara mkuu akiona hautajwi na katiba hiyo. Mwanzoni Ugolino alitaka msimamo huo udumu katika monasteri kadhaa, ila alipochaguliwa kuwa [[Papa]] akaanza kuzipatia mali nyinginyingi, labda kisha kung’amua matatizo yaliyojitokeza. Lakini Klara hakukubali kabisa akamuomba amtibitishie “fadhili ya ufukara” akakubaliwa (1228), lakini si kwa monasteri zote. Suala lingine lililojitokeza mapema, halafu likaendelea kusababisha migogoro, ni nani awajibike kuwasaidia Waklara upande wa roho na upande wa [[riziki]]. Fransisko alipokuwa [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Filipo Longo]] aliteuliwa msimamizi wao, lakini mwanzilishi aliporudi uteuzi huo ukafutwa, masista wakasimamiwa tena na wasio Wafransisko, mpaka Ugolino, kisha kuchaguliwa awe [[Papa Gregori IX]] ([[1227]]-[[1241]]) alipowalazimisha Ndugu Wadogo kuwajibika ([[1221]]). Klara alipoona [[wito]] wake wa Kiinjili upo hatarini upande wa [[sheria]], kwa kuwa kanuni na katiba hazikuwa za Kifransisko, akaanza kuomba aweze kuahidi kushika kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo badala ya ile ya Benedikto. Mwaka 1234 akaja kumuunga mkono [[Anyesi wa Praha]], binti mfalme ambaye alikataa kuolewa na mfalme mkuu [[Federiko II]] wa [[Ujerumani]] akaanzisha monasteri yake iliyokubaliwa “fadhili ya ufukara”. Alitunga kanuni mpya kwa kuchanganya “mtindo wa maisha” alioandika Fransisko na katiba ya Ugolino, akamuomba Gregori IX, halafu [[Papa Inosenti IV]] (1243-1254) waithibitishe, lakini akakataliwa. Kumbe Inosenti IV akathibitisha katiba ya Ugolino (1245) na kusisitiza ifuatwe kanuni ya Benedikto kwa sababu ina sifa nyingi. Wakati huohuo alijaribu kusuluhisha mgogoro wa uhusiano kati ya Ndugu Wadogo na Waklara. Klara alikuwa akiendelea kudai kwa nguvu msaada wa kiroho wa ndugu hao kulingana na ahadi ya mwanzilishi. Kumbe Mtumishi mkuu [[Kreshensi wa Iesi]] (1244-1247) aliomba shirika liondolewe mzigo liliobebeshwa na Gregori IX, yaani himizo la kuanzisha [[konventi]] ndogo karibu na kila monasteri ya Waklara. Basi, Inosenti IV aliamua Waklara wawe chini ya uongozi na [[mamlaka]] ya Ndugu Wadogo, akapendekeza masista waunganishwe na Utawa I. Lakini shirika likazidi kuona litalemewa na wingi wa monasteri. Mwaka [[1247]] Inosenti IV akatunga katiba mpya badala ya ile ya Ugolino iliyokwishaenea katika monasteri zote za Kifransisko, ikitumika pengine pamoja na desturi maalumu za mahali. Katiba hiyo ilifanya kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo kuwa msingi wa sheria za Waklara bila ya kuwadai waishike katika yote, ila katika [[utiifu]], utovu wa mali na [[useja mtakatifu]]. Katiba hiyo ilimuondolea [[Kardinali mlinzi]] mamlaka juu ya Waklara, ambao wakawekwa moja kwa moja chini ya viongozi wa Utawa I. Kwa katiba hiyo Waklara wakaja kutambulikana Wafransisko kisheria, lakini ndani mlikuwa na pigo kubwa kwa Klara, yaani iliandikwa wazi kuwa monasteri zao zinaruhusiwa kuwa na mali za kujitegemea. Ndiyo sababu monasteri chache tu zikaipokea katiba hiyo. Vilevile Ndugu Wadogo wakazidi kulalamika hadi Kardinali mlinzi akajitwalia polepole mamlaka yao na hatimaye ([[1250]]) aliwaandikia wasithubutu kujiingiza katika uongozi wa Waklara. Hivyo kwa muda mfupi katiba hiyo ikashindikana pande zote. Klara, mgonjwa toka siku nyingi, alipoona kifo kinamkaribia, aliandika wasia wake ambamo alimuiga Fransisko katika kukumbusha asili ya wito wake na wa jamaa yake, na kutamka kwa msisitizo mkubwa nia imara ya kufuata ufukara mkuu “aliouahidi kwa Mungu na kwa Mt. Fransisko” pamoja na kuhimiza sana [[umoja]] wa dada zake. Lakini pia, upande wa sheria, aliona haja ya kutunga upya “mtindo wa maisha” kwa kulinganisha kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo na masharti ya maisha ya ndani tu. Humo aliingiza pia maandishi mawili mafupi ya Fransisko kwao, kuhusu ufukara mkuu na kuhusu ahadi ya kwamba yeye na Ndugu Wadogo watawahudumia Waklara sawa na wenzao wa kiume. Upande wake Klara aliahidi kuwatii waandamizi wa mwanzilishi. Kiini cha huo “mtindo wa maisha” kinasisitiza kwa nguvu nia ya kuishi bila ya mali yoyote, isipokuwa monasteri na bustani. Jambo lingine linalokazwa ni [[udugu]]: humo neno “dada” linapatikana mara 66! Udugu huo unatimizwa siku kwa siku chini ya “abesi na mama” kwa umoja wa mioyo pasipo [[ubaguzi]] wowote (tofauti pekee ni kati ya wanaojua na wasiojua kusoma kuhusu [[Sala ya Kanisa]]). Hata dada “wa nje” (yaani “wanaohudumia nje ya monasteri” bila ya kubanwa na ugo) washiriki maisha ya jumuia sawa na wenzao. Hao ni kundi maalumu la mtindo wa Kiklara, linalohitajika kadiri wenzao wanavyojifungia ndani: ni “akina Marta” kwa “akina Maria” kadiri Fransisko alivyowapangia Ndugu Wadogo wanaoishi upwekeni. Udugu huo unajitokeza hata katika mikutano, ambayo inatakiwa kufanyika kila wiki kwa mchango wa wote, kupanga shughuli za maana na kuteua watakaoshika nyadhifa mbalimbali. Abesi mwenyewe, ingawa anachaguliwa kwa maisha yake yote, kadiri ya mapokeo ya kimonaki, anaweza kubadilishwa na dada zake wakiona hawezi kutimiza vizuri kazi zake. Uhusiano na Utawa I unasisitizwa tena kwa kudai msimamizi wa monasteri awe daima Ndugu Mdogo, pamoja na kuomba Utawa huo uipatie monasteri mapadri 2 na ma[[bradha]] 2 kwa huduma za kiroho na za kimwili. Huo “mtindo wa maisha” ukakubaliwa na Kardinali mlinzi ([[1252]]) halafu na Inosenti IV ([[1253]]). Klara akapewa hati yake kitandani akaibusu; siku mbili baadaye akafa akiishika mikononi, wakihudhuria [[ndugu Leo]], [[Anjelo Tancredi|ndugu Anjelo]] na [[ndugu Yunipero|Yunipero]], wenzi wa Fransisko; pia alijaliwa faraja za [[Bikira Maria]] na wanawake watakatifu kadhaa. == Baada ya kifo chake == [[File:Assisi_-_Basilica_di_Santa_Chiara_-_2.jpg|thumb|[[Basilika]] lililojengwa kwa [[heshima]] yake [[masalia]] yake yanamotunzwa.]] [[Mazishi]] yalihudhuriwa na Papa, Makardinali, Ma[[askofu]] na wengineo. Inosenti IV alitaka ziimbwe sala za watakatifu ma[[bikira]] badala ya zile za wafu, ila akakubali shauri la Kardinali mlinzi la kufuata taratibu zilizopangwa kabla mtu hajatangazwa mtakatifu. Miaka miwili baadaye, Kardinali huyo akiwa amechaguliwa kuwa [[Papa Aleksanda IV]] ([[1245]]-[[1261]]), akamtangaza rasmi kuwa [[mtakatifu]] ([[1255]]). Mwaka [[1260]] [[masalia]] yake yakahamishiwa mjini Asizi katika kanisa lililojengwa kwa heshima yake. == Maandishi yake == Pamoja na kanuni na wasia, Klara ametuachia walau barua nne (kwa [[Anyesi wa Praha]]). Maandishi hayo ndiyo chemchemi ya kwanza ambamo tuchote utajiri wa [[roho]] yake na wa [[utu]] wake. Hasa ya mwisho inatuonyesha alivyogeuka ndani ya Yesu kwa kuzidi kumkazia macho kama kioo chake na kujifunza toka kwake hasa ufukara, [[unyenyekevu]] na [[upendo]] wa ajabu, vilivyong’aa katika hatua mbalimbali za maisha yake kuanzia [[Bethlehemu]] hadi [[Kalivari]]. Klara alimfikia Mungu kwa kumfuata Yesu kama [[bibiarusi]] mwaminifu katika hatua hizo za maisha yake halisi, kama alivyoelekezwa na Fransisko, kadiri ya [[karama]] yake mpya katika kumtazama Yesu na kuelewa [[Injili]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo kwa [[Kiswahili]] == * MTAKATIFU KLARA WA ASIZI – Maandishi yake – [[tafsiri]] ya Ndugu [[Wafransisko]] [[Wakapuchini]] – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – [[Ndanda]] 1994 – ISBN 9976-63-414-5 * WAHUDUMU WAKUU WA FAMILIA NNE ZA KIFRANSISKO, Klara wa Asizi, Mwanamke Mpya – ed. Familia za Kifransisko – [[Roma]] 1991 * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 280-283 * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk 256-280 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 275-276 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 505-507 * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 64 == Marejeo kwa lugha nyingine== * Bartoli, Marco. ''Chiara d'Assisi''. Rome 1989: Instituto Storico dei Cappucini. * Mooney, Catherine M.. "''Imitatio Christi'' or ''Imitatio Mariae''?: Clare of Assisi and Her Interpreters," in ''Gendered Voices: Medieval Saints and Their Interpreters'', ed. Catherine M. Mooney (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), pp. 52–77 (text), pp. 207–220 ([http://monasticmatrix.usc.edu/commentaria/article.php?textId=4 notes] {{Wayback|url=http://monasticmatrix.usc.edu/commentaria/article.php?textId=4 |date=20100702184215 }}) ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-claire-of-assisi-saint-and-virgin-of-the-holy-catholic-church.html The Life, Miracles and Death of St. Claire of Assisi, Saint and Virgin of the Catholic Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-claire-of-assisi-saint-and-virgin-of-the-holy-catholic-church.html |date=20120805231216 }} {{Catholic Encyclopedia poster|St. Clare of Assisi}} * [http://www.clarians.net/ St. Clare's Sr. Sec. School Agra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.clarians.net/ |date=20130602020219 }} Built On the Name Of St. Clare Of Assisi * [http://www.klarabaum-bautzen.de.vu The pear-tree of St. Clare]{{Wayback|url=http://www.klarabaum-bautzen.de.vu/ |date=20140812205523 }} in the [http://www.netzwerk-eucharistie.de.vu Convent of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration in Bautzen ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.netzwerk-eucharistie.de.vu/ |date=20160304075728 }} *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=215 St. Clare of Assisi] * [http://www.mirrorsforeternity.com/ Musical Theatre about St. Francis and St. Clare of Assisi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mirrorsforeternity.com/ |date=20120421231156 }} * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saintc03.htm Saint Clare of Assisi] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintc03.htm |date=20120201153730 }} in Patron Saints Index * [http://www.linetjornhoj.dk/Anorexia_Sacra.html Anorexia Sacra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.linetjornhoj.dk/Anorexia_Sacra.html |date=20120331101409 }} An opera using Clare's texts on asceticism and its connections with anorexia nervosa. * [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/clare.html St. Clare page] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/clare.html |date=20120930190912 }} at ''Christian Iconography'' * [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/clare.htm Caxton's life of St. Clare] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/clare.htm |date=20121020184306 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1193]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1253]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Waklara]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] sgmaivz25dyp5c2vem7oooul72zubc1 1580717 1580715 2026-07-20T11:58:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Miaka ya kwanza ya Klara */ 1580717 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Simone_Martini_047.jpg|thumb|right|Mt. Klara katika sehemu ya mchoro wa ukutani ([[1312]]–[[1220]]) wa [[Simone Martini]] katika [[Basilika la Mt. Fransisko]] huko Assisi, [[Italia]].]] '''Klara wa Asizi''' ([[Assisi]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]] [[16 Julai]] [[1193]] - Assisi, [[11 Agosti]] [[1253]]) ni [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kujiunga na [[tapo la toba]] la [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] tena ni mwanamke wa kwanza kutunga [[kanuni ya kitawa]] katika [[historia ya Kanisa]]. Huyo [[bikira]], anayehesabika kuwa [[mwanzilishi]] mwenza wa [[Waklara|Mabibi Fukara]] wa [[Utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]], alipenda kujiita [[mche]] mdogo wa Fransisko, akimfuata kiroho kwa kuishi katika [[mji]] wao [[toba]] kali iliyojaa matendo ya [[upendo]] na [[ibada]]. Akipenda kwa namna ya pekee [[ufukara wa hiari]], hakukubali kamwe kuachanishwa nao, hata alipopatwa na hali ya kuhitaji na kuugua sana<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/24000</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] na msimamizi wa [[televisheni]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. == Nafasi ya wanawake katika Kanisa la zama za kati Ulaya == Kuanzia [[karne ya 11]] wanawake wa [[Ulaya]] walishika nafasi za maana kuliko kawaida katika jamii na [[Kanisa]], wakijitokeza pia kwa wingi kufuata tapo lolote la kiroho la Kikatoliki au la kizushi. Kumbe Fransisko hakupata mwanamke yeyote wa kumfuata kwa walau miaka sita tangu aongoke, na hata baada ya kumpata Klara, hakuwapata tena wengi. Sababu ni kwamba hakuwa [[mchungaji]] wa roho bali mtu mwenye kutafuta njia yake, wala hakuwa na mpango wa kuanzisha lolote, bali alitaka kushiriki tu hali ya watu wa mwisho. Basi, kwa wanawake nafasi ya mwisho haikuwa tu ile ya [[ukoma|wakoma]], bali pia ya ma[[kahaba]] na ya [[uchawi|wachawi]]. Hivyo kwao chaguo la nafasi ya mwisho lilikuwa gumu zaidi, si tu upande wa mateso bali pia upande wa dharau, mbali ya kwamba lingesababisha masingizio juu ya uhusiano wao na ndugu wa kiume. == Miaka ya kwanza ya Klara == [[File:SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg|thumb|[[Konventi]] ya San Damiano leo. Juu yake unaonekana mji wa Assisi.]] Klara alizaliwa mwaka [[1193]] au [[1194]], hivyo alikuwa na miaka 12-13 Fransisko alipovua [[utu wa kale]] mbele ya mji mzima katika uwanda wa [[kanisa kuu]] ule ambako iko nyumba ya Klara. Kwa hakika huyo akaendelea kusikia habari mbalimbali juu ya Fransisko: alivyopata wafuasi, mmojawao [[ndugu Rufino]], [[kaka]] wa Klara; alivyokubaliwa na [[Papa]] n.k. Hatujui kama ni kwa sababu hizo kwamba alikataa [[ndoa]] mbalimbali mpaka akafikia umri wa miaka 18, wala hatujui kama walikutana mara nyingi kwa mashauri ya kiroho. Ila tunajua kwa hakika kuwa baada ya Klara kukimbia nyumbani usiku na kujiunga na jamaa ya [[Ndugu Wadogo]], akifuatwa na mdogo wake [[Anyesi wa Asizi|Anyesi]] baada ya wiki mbili tu, Fransisko alitimiza wajibu wa kumlisha kiroho kwa mahubiri, mifano na hata maandishi. Kwa ushahidi wa Klara tunajua kwamba hata kwake himizo kuu la Fransisko lilikuwa kuambatana moja kwa moja na [[ufukara]] wa [[Mwana wa Mungu]]. Mapema sana (kabla ya mwanzo wa mwaka [[1213]]) Fransisko aliwaahidia akina Klara kuwashughulikia sawa na ndugu wa kiume, akafanya hivyo mpaka kufa, ingawa kipindi fulani alijizuia asiwatembelee kusudi ndugu wengine wasipate kisingizio cha kufanya hivyo. == Kiongozi kwa watawa wa kike == [[File:SDamiano-Clara og søstre.jpg|thumb|250px|Mchoro wa ukutani unaowaonyesha Mt. Klara na masista wake; unapatikana katika kikanisa cha monasteri yao asili, [[San Damiano, Assisi]].]] Klara aliitikia kwa namna bora ya [[upendo]] na [[uaminifu]], akamsaidia kuelewa vizuri zaidi [[wito]] wake wa [[utume|kitume]]. Kufika kwake kwenyewe kulimfanya Fransisko afikirie sana na kushauriana naye juu ya maisha atakayoyashika. Mara wakatambua njia ya wanawake iwe tofauti na ile ya wanaume: kwa hiyo Klara akawa [[mmonaki]] na baadaye [[abesi]], ingawa kwa kushika kikamilifu [[ufukara mkuu]] na kuhusiana kidugu na wenzake. Tofauti na Ndugu Wadogo, ambao Fransisko aliwaelekeza wafuate “mtindo wa [[Injili]] takatifu”, yaani [[Yesu]] alivyowaagiza [[mitume]] waende (Math. 10:5-15), aliwaelekeza [[Waklara]] kwenye “[[ukamilifu]] wa Injili takatifu”, unaoonyeshwa hasa na [[heri nane]] na hotuba nzima ya mlimani (Math. 5:1-7:27), bila ya kuwabana kwa mtindo huo wenye vipengele vingi vya pekee. Tofauti inaonekana wazi katika ushahidi wa [[Askofu]] [[Yakobo wa Vitry]] ulioandikwa mwaka [[1216]] ukieleza maisha ya [[Wafransisko]] yalivyokuwa bado mwanzoni: wote walikuwa wanakula jasho lao, ila ndugu wa kiume kwa kufanya [[kazi]] hasa mjini au vijijini, kumbe akina dada kwa kubaki katika makao yao. Fransisko aliwahurumia daima wanawake hao waliokubali dharau na magumu ya kila aina. Yeye, ambaye hakusita hata kidogo kufuata tu mtindo wa Injili, katika kuwaongoza alizingatia sana udhaifu wa [[jinsia]] yao, na kama kwa kulazimishwa tu na Klara alimruhusu kushika magumu mengi: kila mara [[huruma]] ya Fransisko na msimamo imara wa Klara vilikutana katika kumpendeza [[Mungu]]. Ni baada tu ya kung’amua msimamo huo, kwamba Fransisko alimuahidia atawatunza sawa na ndugu wa kiume. Mwongozo wake wa uso kwa uso ukawa muhimu kuliko kuwaandikia kanuni fulani: badala yake mwenyewe alichukua jukumu la kudumisha ufukara mkuu na [[udugu]] katika monasteri ya kike. == Baada ya kifo cha Fransisko == Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Fransisko, akina Klara waliweza kushuhudia [[madonda ya Yesu]] katika mikono, miguu na ubavu wa mtakatifu huyo. Halafu wakaendelea kupigania ufukara mkuu dhidi ya mashauri ya watu mbalimbali. Ni kwamba baada ya [[Mtaguso IV wa Laterano]] (1215) kukataza [[kanuni]] mpya iliwabidi wapokee mojawapo ya zamani ili wakubaliwe na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama watawa. Basi wakaichagua ile ya [[Benedikto wa Nursia]], wakiifuata katika mambo kadhaa kadiri yalivyopatana na mtindo wao mpya, bila ya nia ya kuwa [[Wabenedikto]]. Hapo ilimpasa Klara kuitwa [[abesi]], jina alilolikubali tu kwa kumtii [[mwanzilishi]], ingawa akaendelea kujiita “mtumishi wa Kristo na wa akina dada fukara”. Hasa Klara hakutosheka na uhalali wa monasteri yake mbele ya Kanisa, bali kwa njia ya Fransisko aliomba akapewa na [[Papa Inosenti III]] “fadhili ya ufukara” (1216), yaani ruhusa ya kuishi bila ya mali hata kijumuia, kama jambo la msingi katika wito wake wa “kuishi kadiri ya [[ukamilifu]] wa [[Injili]] takatifu”, kwa kuungana na [[Yesu]] fukara kama bibiarusi fukara. [[Kardinali]] Ugolino, akiona [[monasteri]] za namna hiyo zinavyoongezeka huko na huko, alizitungia [[katiba]] ([[1219]]) iliyopitishwa na [[Papa Honori III]] ([[1216]]-[[1227]]) ambayo ikawa msingi wa kanuni zote zilizoandikwa baadaye kwa Utawa II. Lengo lake lilikuwa kukinga monasteri hizo dhidi ya upinzani na kuzipa mtindo wa kimonaki zaidi bila ya kuondoa [[usahili]] wake maalumu, ziwe muundo mpya wa aina moja chini ya [[Kanisa la Roma]] moja kwa moja. Katika juhudi zake za kurekebisha [[umonaki]] alielekeza hata monasteri kadhaa za zamani zifuate mtindo wa Mt. Damiano. Desturi kali alizoziagiza humo hazikumtisha Klara, ambaye alijishinda tayari na kujitesa kwa [[ushujaa]] mkubwa (katika kula, kuvaa, kulala n.k.) mpaka akakatazwa asizidishe. Wala hakuogopa ukali wa [[ugo]] ulioagiwa na katiba hiyo, ili kutunza mazingira ya sala. Wasiwasi wake ulihusu ufukara mkuu akiona hautajwi na katiba hiyo. Mwanzoni Ugolino alitaka msimamo huo udumu katika monasteri kadhaa, ila alipochaguliwa kuwa [[Papa]] akaanza kuzipatia mali nyinginyingi, labda kisha kung’amua matatizo yaliyojitokeza. Lakini Klara hakukubali kabisa akamuomba amtibitishie “fadhili ya ufukara” akakubaliwa (1228), lakini si kwa monasteri zote. Suala lingine lililojitokeza mapema, halafu likaendelea kusababisha migogoro, ni nani awajibike kuwasaidia Waklara upande wa roho na upande wa [[riziki]]. Fransisko alipokuwa [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Filipo Longo]] aliteuliwa msimamizi wao, lakini mwanzilishi aliporudi uteuzi huo ukafutwa, masista wakasimamiwa tena na wasio Wafransisko, mpaka Ugolino, kisha kuchaguliwa awe [[Papa Gregori IX]] ([[1227]]-[[1241]]) alipowalazimisha Ndugu Wadogo kuwajibika ([[1221]]). Klara alipoona [[wito]] wake wa Kiinjili upo hatarini upande wa [[sheria]], kwa kuwa kanuni na katiba hazikuwa za Kifransisko, akaanza kuomba aweze kuahidi kushika kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo badala ya ile ya Benedikto. Mwaka 1234 akaja kumuunga mkono [[Anyesi wa Praha]], binti mfalme ambaye alikataa kuolewa na mfalme mkuu [[Federiko II]] wa [[Ujerumani]] akaanzisha monasteri yake iliyokubaliwa “fadhili ya ufukara”. Alitunga kanuni mpya kwa kuchanganya “mtindo wa maisha” alioandika Fransisko na katiba ya Ugolino, akamuomba Gregori IX, halafu [[Papa Inosenti IV]] (1243-1254) waithibitishe, lakini akakataliwa. Kumbe Inosenti IV akathibitisha katiba ya Ugolino (1245) na kusisitiza ifuatwe kanuni ya Benedikto kwa sababu ina sifa nyingi. Wakati huohuo alijaribu kusuluhisha mgogoro wa uhusiano kati ya Ndugu Wadogo na Waklara. Klara alikuwa akiendelea kudai kwa nguvu msaada wa kiroho wa ndugu hao kulingana na ahadi ya mwanzilishi. Kumbe Mtumishi mkuu [[Kreshensi wa Iesi]] (1244-1247) aliomba shirika liondolewe mzigo liliobebeshwa na Gregori IX, yaani himizo la kuanzisha [[konventi]] ndogo karibu na kila monasteri ya Waklara. Basi, Inosenti IV aliamua Waklara wawe chini ya uongozi na [[mamlaka]] ya Ndugu Wadogo, akapendekeza masista waunganishwe na Utawa I. Lakini shirika likazidi kuona litalemewa na wingi wa monasteri. Mwaka [[1247]] Inosenti IV akatunga katiba mpya badala ya ile ya Ugolino iliyokwishaenea katika monasteri zote za Kifransisko, ikitumika pengine pamoja na desturi maalumu za mahali. Katiba hiyo ilifanya kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo kuwa msingi wa sheria za Waklara bila ya kuwadai waishike katika yote, ila katika [[utiifu]], utovu wa mali na [[useja mtakatifu]]. Katiba hiyo ilimuondolea [[Kardinali mlinzi]] mamlaka juu ya Waklara, ambao wakawekwa moja kwa moja chini ya viongozi wa Utawa I. Kwa katiba hiyo Waklara wakaja kutambulikana Wafransisko kisheria, lakini ndani mlikuwa na pigo kubwa kwa Klara, yaani iliandikwa wazi kuwa monasteri zao zinaruhusiwa kuwa na mali za kujitegemea. Ndiyo sababu monasteri chache tu zikaipokea katiba hiyo. Vilevile Ndugu Wadogo wakazidi kulalamika hadi Kardinali mlinzi akajitwalia polepole mamlaka yao na hatimaye ([[1250]]) aliwaandikia wasithubutu kujiingiza katika uongozi wa Waklara. Hivyo kwa muda mfupi katiba hiyo ikashindikana pande zote. Klara, mgonjwa toka siku nyingi, alipoona kifo kinamkaribia, aliandika wasia wake ambamo alimuiga Fransisko katika kukumbusha asili ya wito wake na wa jamaa yake, na kutamka kwa msisitizo mkubwa nia imara ya kufuata ufukara mkuu “aliouahidi kwa Mungu na kwa Mt. Fransisko” pamoja na kuhimiza sana [[umoja]] wa dada zake. Lakini pia, upande wa sheria, aliona haja ya kutunga upya “mtindo wa maisha” kwa kulinganisha kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo na masharti ya maisha ya ndani tu. Humo aliingiza pia maandishi mawili mafupi ya Fransisko kwao, kuhusu ufukara mkuu na kuhusu ahadi ya kwamba yeye na Ndugu Wadogo watawahudumia Waklara sawa na wenzao wa kiume. Upande wake Klara aliahidi kuwatii waandamizi wa mwanzilishi. Kiini cha huo “mtindo wa maisha” kinasisitiza kwa nguvu nia ya kuishi bila ya mali yoyote, isipokuwa monasteri na bustani. Jambo lingine linalokazwa ni [[udugu]]: humo neno “dada” linapatikana mara 66! Udugu huo unatimizwa siku kwa siku chini ya “abesi na mama” kwa umoja wa mioyo pasipo [[ubaguzi]] wowote (tofauti pekee ni kati ya wanaojua na wasiojua kusoma kuhusu [[Sala ya Kanisa]]). Hata dada “wa nje” (yaani “wanaohudumia nje ya monasteri” bila ya kubanwa na ugo) washiriki maisha ya jumuia sawa na wenzao. Hao ni kundi maalumu la mtindo wa Kiklara, linalohitajika kadiri wenzao wanavyojifungia ndani: ni “akina Marta” kwa “akina Maria” kadiri Fransisko alivyowapangia Ndugu Wadogo wanaoishi upwekeni. Udugu huo unajitokeza hata katika mikutano, ambayo inatakiwa kufanyika kila wiki kwa mchango wa wote, kupanga shughuli za maana na kuteua watakaoshika nyadhifa mbalimbali. Abesi mwenyewe, ingawa anachaguliwa kwa maisha yake yote, kadiri ya mapokeo ya kimonaki, anaweza kubadilishwa na dada zake wakiona hawezi kutimiza vizuri kazi zake. Uhusiano na Utawa I unasisitizwa tena kwa kudai msimamizi wa monasteri awe daima Ndugu Mdogo, pamoja na kuomba Utawa huo uipatie monasteri mapadri 2 na ma[[bradha]] 2 kwa huduma za kiroho na za kimwili. Huo “mtindo wa maisha” ukakubaliwa na Kardinali mlinzi ([[1252]]) halafu na Inosenti IV ([[1253]]). Klara akapewa hati yake kitandani akaibusu; siku mbili baadaye akafa akiishika mikononi, wakihudhuria [[ndugu Leo]], [[Anjelo Tancredi|ndugu Anjelo]] na [[ndugu Yunipero|Yunipero]], wenzi wa Fransisko; pia alijaliwa faraja za [[Bikira Maria]] na wanawake watakatifu kadhaa. == Baada ya kifo chake == [[File:Assisi_-_Basilica_di_Santa_Chiara_-_2.jpg|thumb|[[Basilika]] lililojengwa kwa [[heshima]] yake [[masalia]] yake yanamotunzwa.]] [[Mazishi]] yalihudhuriwa na Papa, Makardinali, Ma[[askofu]] na wengineo. Inosenti IV alitaka ziimbwe sala za watakatifu ma[[bikira]] badala ya zile za wafu, ila akakubali shauri la Kardinali mlinzi la kufuata taratibu zilizopangwa kabla mtu hajatangazwa mtakatifu. Miaka miwili baadaye, Kardinali huyo akiwa amechaguliwa kuwa [[Papa Aleksanda IV]] ([[1245]]-[[1261]]), akamtangaza rasmi kuwa [[mtakatifu]] ([[1255]]). Mwaka [[1260]] [[masalia]] yake yakahamishiwa mjini Asizi katika kanisa lililojengwa kwa heshima yake. == Maandishi yake == Pamoja na kanuni na wasia, Klara ametuachia walau barua nne (kwa [[Anyesi wa Praha]]). Maandishi hayo ndiyo chemchemi ya kwanza ambamo tuchote utajiri wa [[roho]] yake na wa [[utu]] wake. Hasa ya mwisho inatuonyesha alivyogeuka ndani ya Yesu kwa kuzidi kumkazia macho kama kioo chake na kujifunza toka kwake hasa ufukara, [[unyenyekevu]] na [[upendo]] wa ajabu, vilivyong’aa katika hatua mbalimbali za maisha yake kuanzia [[Bethlehemu]] hadi [[Kalivari]]. Klara alimfikia Mungu kwa kumfuata Yesu kama [[bibiarusi]] mwaminifu katika hatua hizo za maisha yake halisi, kama alivyoelekezwa na Fransisko, kadiri ya [[karama]] yake mpya katika kumtazama Yesu na kuelewa [[Injili]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo kwa [[Kiswahili]] == * MTAKATIFU KLARA WA ASIZI – Maandishi yake – [[tafsiri]] ya Ndugu [[Wafransisko]] [[Wakapuchini]] – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – [[Ndanda]] 1994 – ISBN 9976-63-414-5 * WAHUDUMU WAKUU WA FAMILIA NNE ZA KIFRANSISKO, Klara wa Asizi, Mwanamke Mpya – ed. Familia za Kifransisko – [[Roma]] 1991 * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 280-283 * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk 256-280 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 275-276 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 505-507 * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 64 == Marejeo kwa lugha nyingine== * Bartoli, Marco. ''Chiara d'Assisi''. Rome 1989: Instituto Storico dei Cappucini. * Mooney, Catherine M.. "''Imitatio Christi'' or ''Imitatio Mariae''?: Clare of Assisi and Her Interpreters," in ''Gendered Voices: Medieval Saints and Their Interpreters'', ed. Catherine M. Mooney (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), pp. 52–77 (text), pp. 207–220 ([http://monasticmatrix.usc.edu/commentaria/article.php?textId=4 notes] {{Wayback|url=http://monasticmatrix.usc.edu/commentaria/article.php?textId=4 |date=20100702184215 }}) ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-claire-of-assisi-saint-and-virgin-of-the-holy-catholic-church.html The Life, Miracles and Death of St. Claire of Assisi, Saint and Virgin of the Catholic Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-biography-of-st-claire-of-assisi-saint-and-virgin-of-the-holy-catholic-church.html |date=20120805231216 }} {{Catholic Encyclopedia poster|St. Clare of Assisi}} * [http://www.clarians.net/ St. Clare's Sr. Sec. School Agra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.clarians.net/ |date=20130602020219 }} Built On the Name Of St. Clare Of Assisi * [http://www.klarabaum-bautzen.de.vu The pear-tree of St. Clare]{{Wayback|url=http://www.klarabaum-bautzen.de.vu/ |date=20140812205523 }} in the [http://www.netzwerk-eucharistie.de.vu Convent of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration in Bautzen ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.netzwerk-eucharistie.de.vu/ |date=20160304075728 }} *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=215 St. Clare of Assisi] * [http://www.mirrorsforeternity.com/ Musical Theatre about St. Francis and St. Clare of Assisi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mirrorsforeternity.com/ |date=20120421231156 }} * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saintc03.htm Saint Clare of Assisi] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintc03.htm |date=20120201153730 }} in Patron Saints Index * [http://www.linetjornhoj.dk/Anorexia_Sacra.html Anorexia Sacra] {{Wayback|url=http://www.linetjornhoj.dk/Anorexia_Sacra.html |date=20120331101409 }} An opera using Clare's texts on asceticism and its connections with anorexia nervosa. * [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/clare.html St. Clare page] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/clare.html |date=20120930190912 }} at ''Christian Iconography'' * [http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/clare.htm Caxton's life of St. Clare] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aug.edu/augusta/iconography/goldenLegend/clare.htm |date=20121020184306 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1193]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1253]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Waklara]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 4jtp3ql89etmzp1bbu2hjmbzms0g4r4 0 17435 1580595 1516957 2026-07-19T17:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580595 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kidatu.jpg|thumb|Kidatu]] '''Kidatu ''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] katika [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[Postikodi Tanzania|Postikodi namba]] 67508. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 27,463 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 32,589 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, Morogoro - Kilombero DC |accessdate=2015-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080416/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2004-01-02 }}</ref> walioishi humo. Iko kando ya hifadhi ya taifa ya [[milima ya Udzungwa]] iliyopo upande wa [[kaskazini]] karibu na [[mto]] [[Ruaha Mkuu]], pale inapotoka milimani na kuingia katika [[tambarare]] ya [[mto Kilombero|Kilombero]]. [[Milima]] hiyo inasaidia kuongeza [[uchumi]] wa [[taifa]] kwa sekta ya [[utalii]] hapa nchini. Inapakana na [[hifadhi ya Selous|hifadhi ya wanyama ya Selous]] upande wa [[kusini]]. == Uchumi == Uchumi ya wakazi hutegemea [[kilimo]]. [[Ajira]] inapatikana kwenye [[Shamba|mashamba]] ya [[sukari]] ya [[Illovo]].<ref>[http://www.illovosugar.com www.illovosugar.com]</ref> Kuna pia [[kiwanda]] cha [[sukari]] cha Illovo.<ref>[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/product-compint-0000756825-page.html goliath.ecnext.com]</ref> [[Lambo la Kidatu]] la [[TANESCO]] ambalo lipo karibu ni [[asili]] ya sehemu kubwa ya [[umeme]] kwa taifa. == Usafiri == Kidatu ni mahali ambako [[reli]] za [[TAZARA]] na [[Reli ya Kati]] huunganishwa kwa njia ya reli kutoka [[Kilosa]]. Kuna mitambo ya kubadilisha [[magari]] ya reli kutoka [[upana]] mkubwa wa reli ya TAZARA na upana mdogo wa Reli ya Kati. Pia kuna [[barabara]] inayounganisha kata hiyo na [[wilaya ya Kilosa]] na kata nyingine za wilaya ya Kilombero<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |title=The EastAfrican<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2008-09-04 |archive-date=2001-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011123024536/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_199812/ai_n21430104 Historic rail deal for Tazania | African Business | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html Rail in East Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html |date=20040820122812 }} {{en}} * [http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html Freedom Railway] {{Wayback|url=http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html |date=20080512053918 }} {{en}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Kidatu.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 294m - railways in red dots] {{en}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-morogoro}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] [[Jamii:Kata za Mkoa wa Morogoro]] ie08c2vmzc2w6hf3vyd4f875b96hwem 1580617 1580595 2026-07-19T21:40:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1580617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kidatu.jpg|thumb|Kidatu]] '''Kidatu ''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] katika [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[Postikodi Tanzania|Postikodi namba]] 67508. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 27,463 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 32,589 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, Morogoro - Kilombero DC |accessdate=2015-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080416/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2004-01-02 }}</ref> walioishi humo. Iko kando ya hifadhi ya taifa ya [[milima ya Udzungwa]] iliyopo upande wa [[kaskazini]] karibu na [[mto]] [[Ruaha Mkuu]], pale inapotoka milimani na kuingia katika [[tambarare]] ya [[mto Kilombero|Kilombero]]. [[Milima]] hiyo inasaidia kuongeza [[uchumi]] wa [[taifa]] kwa sekta ya [[utalii]] hapa nchini. Inapakana na [[hifadhi ya Selous|hifadhi ya wanyama ya Selous]] upande wa [[kusini]]. == Uchumi == Uchumi ya wakazi hutegemea [[kilimo]]. [[Ajira]] inapatikana kwenye [[Shamba|mashamba]] ya [[sukari]] ya [[Illovo]].<ref>[http://www.illovosugar.com www.illovosugar.com]</ref> Kuna pia [[kiwanda]] cha [[sukari]] cha Illovo.<ref>[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/product-compint-0000756825-page.html goliath.ecnext.com]</ref> [[Lambo la Kidatu]] la [[TANESCO]] ambalo lipo karibu ni [[asili]] ya sehemu kubwa ya [[umeme]] kwa taifa. == Usafiri == Kidatu ni mahali ambako [[reli]] za [[TAZARA]] na [[Reli ya Kati]] huunganishwa kwa njia ya reli kutoka [[Kilosa]]. Kuna mitambo ya kubadilisha [[magari]] ya reli kutoka [[upana]] mkubwa wa reli ya TAZARA na upana mdogo wa Reli ya Kati. Pia kuna [[barabara]] inayounganisha kata hiyo na [[wilaya ya Kilosa]] na kata nyingine za wilaya ya Kilombero<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |title=The EastAfrican<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2008-09-04 |archive-date=2001-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011123024536/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_199812/ai_n21430104 Historic rail deal for Tazania | African Business | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html Rail in East Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html |date=20040820122812 }} {{en}} * [http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html Freedom Railway] {{Wayback|url=http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html |date=20080512053918 }} {{en}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Kidatu.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 294m - railways in red dots] {{en}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-morogoro}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] [[Jamii:Kata za Mkoa wa Morogoro]] 2ysl6azapgpjb2f3zwkkfrvn69qm3rt 0 18981 1580672 1580515 2026-07-20T09:42:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Malindi |picha_ya_satelite = |pushpin_map = Kenya |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Malindi katika Kenya |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Kenya]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kaunti ya Kilifi|Kilifi]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |latd=3 |latm=13 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=40 |longm=07 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = [http://www.malindimunicipal.org/ www.malindimunicipal.org] }} [[File:Pillar of Vasco da Gama.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Nguzo ya Vasco da Gama.]] [[File:Malindi town view.jpg|thumb|200px|Mtazamo wa zamani wa mji wa Malindi]] '''Malindi''' (iliwahi kujulikana kama '''Melinde''') ni [[mji]] wa [[Kenya]] kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Bahari Hindi]]. Iko takriban [[km]] 100&nbsp; [[kaskazini]] kwa [[Mombasa]], katika [[Malindi Bay]] kwenye [[mdomo]] wa [[mto Athi-Galana-Sabaki]]. [[Idadi]] ya wakazi ni takriban 207,253 ([[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2009]]<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, tovuti ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>): ndio mji mkubwa zaidi wa [[kaunti ya Kilifi]] na ni [[kitovu]] muhimu cha [[utalii]] kwenye pwani ya Kenya. Malindi huhudumiwa na [[uwanja wa ndege]] na [[barabara kuu]] kati ya Mombasa na [[Lamu]]. == Historia == Malindi ni kati ya miji ya kale ya [[Waswahili]]. Mji umejulikana kuwepo tangu [[karne ya 13]] [[BK]] kwenye [[mwambao]] uliojulikana kama "[[Azania]]" tangu zamani za [[Waroma wa Kale|Waroma]] na [[Wagiriki wa Kale]]. Kwa [[karne]] nyingi Malindi ilikuwa [[dola-mji]] muhimu wa [[Uswahilini]] ulioshindana na Mombasa juu ya kipaumbele kwenye pwani ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. === Wachina na Wareno kufika Malindi === Malindi ya [[karne ya 15]] iliona [[ziara]] za wageni wawili kutoka mbali: Mnamo [[1414]] [[jahazi]] za [[mpelelezi]] M[[china]] [[Zheng He]] zilifika Malindi. [[Sultani]] wa Malindi aliamua kumtuma [[balozi]] wa pekee pamoja na [[zawadi]] ya [[twiga]] kwenye [[meli]] hizi kwenda [[Nanking]], [[mji mkuu]] wa China wakati huo. Mwaka [[1419]] Wachina walirudi na kuwarudisha mabalozi. Lakini ziara hizi hazikuleta [[mawasiliano]] ya kudumu kwa sababu China iliamua baadaye kidogo kuacha safari za upelelezi. Mwaka [[1498]] [[Ureno|Mreno]] [[Vasco da Gama]] alifika Malindi kutoka kusini katika safari yake ya kwanza ya kuelekea [[Bara Hindi]]. Wareno walikuwa watangulizi wa [[mataifa]] mengine ya [[Ulaya]] katika kutafuta njia ya [[Uhindi]] kwa sababu walitafuta [[faida]] ya [[biashara]] ya moja kwa moja iliyokuwa imebaki mikononi mwa [[wafanyabiashara]] [[Waislamu]] waliowahi kutawala biashara kati ya Ulaya na [[Asia]]. Vasco da Gama alipatana kushirikiana na sultani wa Malindi kwa kusaini [[mkataba]] wa biashara ulioendelea mpaka mwisho wa kuwepo kwa Wareno Uswahilini. Alipewa [[nahodha]] ya kumwongoza hadi Bara Hindi, akajenga [[nguzo]] ya kumbukumbu unaosimama hadi leo karibu na [[bandari]] ya [[wavuvi]] Malindi. Nguzo hiyo inasimama hadi leo hii, ingawa kumekuwa na wito kutoka kwa wahafidhina kutunza nguzo hii, kwani [[mmomonyoko]] wa [[udongo]] unaweza kuangusha nguzo hii ndani ya [[bahari]]. Katika mwaka wa [[1499]] Wareno walianzisha kituo cha biashara mjini Malindi ambacho kilikuwa kituo cha kupumzika njiani kwenda na kutoka India. [[Kanisa]] lilianza wakati huo. Mwaka [[1593]] Wareno walihamisha kituo chao kutoka Malindi kwenda Mombasa walipojenga [[boma la Yesu]]. Katika Uswahili mpya baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Wareno tangu mwaka [[1693]] umuhimu wa Malindi uliendelea kushuka na mnamo mwaka [[1800]] ilikuwa mahali pa [[pori]] na [[maghofu]] tu. === Utawala wa Zanzibar === [[Utawala]] wa [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulifufua mji. [[Familia]] za [[Ukabaila|makabaila]] kutoka [[kisiwa]] hicho na kutoka [[Omani]] walipewa [[ardhi]] karibu na Malindi wakaanza kujenga nyumba upya na kulima [[Shamba|mashamba]] ya [[mazao ya biashara]] kama [[pamba]] kwa [[kazi]] ya [[watumwa]]. === Utawala wa Waingereza === Tangu mwaka [[1888]] Malindi pamoja na pwani ya Kenya ilikodishwa na Zanzibar kwa [[Uingereza]] na kuondoka katika utawala wa Sultani. Kupigwa marufuku kwa [[utumwa]] wakati wa Waingereza ulisababisha kukwama kwa mashamba makubwa na kurudi nyuma tena kwa mji, ingawa Waingereza waliweka hapa kituo cha [[Mkuu wa Wilaya]]. == Utalii == [[File:Octopus Fishing In Malindi, Kenya.jpg|thumb|upright|Uvuvi wa Octopus.]] Polepole mwambao mzuri wa Malindi umepata sifa kama mahali pa kupumzika kati ya Waingereza tangu [[miaka ya 1920]]. Hasa nafasi nzuri ya kuvua [[samaki]] kubwa ilivuta watalii wenye [[pesa]] kama [[Ernest Hemingway]]. Ndio mwanzo wa utalii wa Malindi. Mji huu ni maarufu hasa miongoni mwa watalii kutoka [[Italia]] ambao wamependa Malindi na kununua [[nyumba]] na kujenga [[hoteli]] kadhaa. Eneo hili laonyesha mifano maarufu ya [[usanifu]] wa [[Waswahili]]. [[Majengo]] mengi ya [[jadi]] huwa hadi leo, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Msikiti wa Juma]] na [[ikulu]] katika pwani, eneo maarufu kwa watalii. [[Magofu ya Gedi]] (pia inajulikana kama Gede) ziko [[kusini]] mwa Malindi. == Utawala wa Mitaa == Malindi imeunda baraza la manispaa ikiwa na kata kumi na tatu zifuatazo: Barani, Ganda / Mkaumoto, [[Gede]], Gede Kaskazini, Gede Kusini, Kijiwetanga, Madunguni, Malimo, Malindi kati, Malindi Kaskazini, Maweni, Shella, mji wa Watamu. Zote ziko ndani ya [[jimbo la Malindi]]. <ref name="pollingcentres">[http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Vituo vya kupigia kura nchini Kenya.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=20080625120239 }} Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya (The defunct ECK) (www.eck.or.ke)</ref> Malindi ina [[maeneo]] nane zifuatazo: Chakama, Ganda, Gede, Goshi, Jilore, Langobaya, Malindi na Watamu.<ref>[http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&amp;docid=1086876 Kenya Tawala Levels 1-4.] {{Wayback|url=http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docid=1086876 |date=20110521063011 }} Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kuratibu Masuala ya Kibinadamu.</ref> == Katika utamaduni == * Katika "MALI D'AFRICA", kitabu cha mwandishi wa Kiitalia Sara Cardelli, upendo wa kugusa wa wahusika wakuu wa riwaya yake Huko Malindi umeelezewa.<ref>[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html The impossible love in the italian Malindi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} — about Sara Cardelli’ novel, 2017.</ref> * Matukio mengi katika riwaya "Once in Malindi" (2021)<ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} — on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> na "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020)<ref>[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm "Our Wild Sex in Malindi"] by Andrei Gusev, 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}</ref> za mwandishi wa Moscow Andrei Gusev hufanyika Malindi na [[Lamu]] ya zamani ya karibu. Riwaya hizo zinaelezea miaka kadhaa ya maisha katika kitongoji cha Malindi na mwandishi Mrusi Andy na mkewe Jennifer, ambaye alizaliwa nchini Kenya.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm Review of ''"Our Wild Sex in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> * Wimbo "Yasoi Malindi" ulirekodiwa na mwimbaji na mwanamuziki Yasoy Kala Kana katika albamu "Ndukanoe" (2015). ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya kale ya Waswahili]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.malindimunicipal.org Tovuti ya Manispaa ya Malindi ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.malindimunicipal.org/ |date=20091021153223 }} * [http://www.malindikenya.com Malindi ya Ajabu] {{kaunti za Kenya}} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Malindi]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Kilifi]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Miji ya kale ya Waswahili]] [[Jamii:Mto Galana]] kgqsqwymcm861pngx170t24uuo6fdxr 0 19262 1580609 1575824 2026-07-19T20:26:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Temperature_reconstruction_last_two_millennia-sw.svg|thumb|350px|Grafu hii inaonyesha tofauti za halijoto za dunia za kihistoria na wastani wa miaka 1850-1900. Eneo lililotiwa rangi linawakilisha nafasi ya 68% ya kuamini ya makadirio kutoka kwa tafiti zilizotumiwa kwa makadirio haya.]] ''' Kupanda kwa halijoto duniani''' ([[ing.]] '''global warming''') ni mchakato wa [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] yaliyotambuliwa na [[wataalamu]] tangu miaka kadhaa. Mchakato huo ulianza pamoja na [[usambazaji]] wa [[viwanda]] [[duniani]]. Unaonekana kwa kulinganisha vipimo vya [[halijoto]] vinavyopatikana tangu miaka 150. Kupanda huku kunaleta mabadiliko ya [[hali ya hewa]] yaliyoanza tayari kuathiri [[maisha]] ya [[watu]] na [[uhai]] kwa ujumla. Kuna [[hofu]] ya kwamba mabadiliko hayo yataleta [[hatari]] kubwa kwa [[jamii]]. Kati ya [[wanasayansi]] kulikuwa na majadiliano kama [[sababu]] za mabadiliko hayo ni [[shughuli]] za [[binadamu]] tu au kama kuna [[uasilia|sababu asilia]]. Siku hizi wataalamu karibu wote hukubaliana ya kwamba sababu kuu ni kuchoma kwa [[makaa]] na [[mafuta]] katika [[viwanda]], ma[[gari]] na vituo vya [[umeme]] kunakopuliza [[Hewa|hewani]] [[gesijoto]] kama [[dioksidi kabonia]]. == Vipimo na data == Duniani kuna [[upimaji]] wa ki[[sayansi]] wa [[halijoto]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1860]]. Kabla ya hapo kuna [[kumbukumbu]] ya hali ya hewa katika [[karne]] zilizopita kutoka mahali mbalimbali ambazo hazikusanifishwa wakati ule. Leo hii [[wanasayansi]] wanatumia vipimo na [[taarifa]] za kale wakipiga ma[[kadirio]] juu ya hali ya hewa katika [[historia]]. Hapo wanatumia pia [[mbinu]] kama kulinganisha miviringo kwenye ma[[shina]] ya [[miti]] inayoonyesha miaka yenye [[mvua]] nyingi au kidogo au wanapima [[kiwango]] cha dioksidi kabonia kwenye [[barafu]] ya chini nchani yenye [[umri]] wa miaka 10,000 na zaidi. Makadirio ya hali ya hewa hutofautiana, lakini kwa jumla kuna [[picha]] juu ya miaka 1,000 iliyopita. Watalaamu wanakubaliana ya kwamba mnamo mwaka [[1000]] kulikuwa na kipindi cha [[joto]] kiasi, tena kipindi cha [[baridi]] kiasi kuanzia mnamo mwaka [[1600]]. Lakini hakuna [[hakika]] bado juu ya [[athira]] duniani kwa sababu sehemu kubwa ya [[data]] ni kutoka upande wa [[kaskazini]] ya dunia. Vipimo vya kisayansi vinavyopatikana vinaonyesha ya kwamba halijoto ya wastani duniani imepanda [[sentigredi]] 0.7 kati ya [[1906]] na [[2005]]. Hii si kiwango kidogo; wakati wa [[zama za barafu]] kubwa miaka 100,000 iliyopita halijoto ilikuwa tu 6&nbsp;°C chini ya wastani ya leo na hii ilitosha kufunika sehemu kubwa za [[Ulaya]], [[Asia]] na [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] kwa mabapa manene ya [[barafu]]. [[Dalili]] zote zinadokeza ya kwamba kupanda kwa halijoto kuliharakishwa tangu mwaka [[1970]] na kunaelekea kupanda zaidi. == Sababu za kuongezeka kwa halijoto == Katika majadiliano kuhusu asili ya kupanda kwa halijoto wataalamu walijadiliana sababu mbalimbali zilizotajwa. Kuna idadi ya sababu za kiasili ambazo zilizowahi kuathiri tabianchi ya Dunia katika kistoria ya miaka mamilioni kama vile mabadiliko katika kiwango cha [[mnururisho]] wa [[Jua]] unaofika duniani au milipuko ya volkeno. Lakini ilionekana sababu hizi zote hazikuweza kuathiri tabianchi kiasi cha kueleza mabadiliko yanayopimwa. Siku hizi karibu wataalamu wote hukubaliana kwamba sababu ni kuongezeka kwa [[gesi]] kama [[dioksidi kabonia]] hewani kutokana na shughuli za binadamu hasa kuchoma [[makaa]] na [[mafuta ya petroli]] tangu mwanzo wa [[mapinduzi ya viwandani]] katika [[karne ya 19]].<ref>https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ {{Wayback|url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/ |date=20190507113313 }} Highlights of the Findings of the U.S. Global Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report, tovuti ya '''Wuebbles''', D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, B. DeAngelo, S. Doherty, K. Hayhoe, R. Horton, J.P. Kossin, P.C. Taylor, A.M. Waple, and C.P. Weaver, 2017: Executive summary. In: ''Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I'' [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 12-34, doi: 10.7930/J0DJ5CTG.</ref> == Matokeo yanayotazamiwa == Wataalamu wanaonya ya kwamba kupanda kwa halijoto kunaweza kuleta mabadiliko kama yafuatayo: * kuongezeka kwa halijoto ya [[angahewa]] kutaongeza pia halijoto ya [[bahari]] na kusababisha [[uvukizaji]] mkubwa utakaoleta ma[[wingu]] na [[mvua]] za nyongeza duniani * [[mikondo ya bahari]] itabadilika na kubadilisha hali ya hewa katika nchi nyingi * sehemu kadhaa zenye [[jangwa]] zitapokea mvua lakini maeneo mengine yatakosa mvua, hivyo kuleta ma[[tatizo]] kwa [[kilimo]] na [[njaa]] kwa watu * barafu kwenye [[ncha za dunia]] itaendelea kuyeyuka. Hii itasababisha kupanda kwa [[uwiano wa bahari]], kuleta [[mafuriko]] kwenye [[pwani]] za dunia na kuhatarisha [[makazi]] ya watu karibu na bahari, hasa [[miji]] ya [[bandari]] na [[nchi za visiwani]]: nchi kadhaa kama [[Maldivi]] zitazama baharini na kupotea kabisa * kwa jumla [[upepo]] na [[tufani]] zitaongezeka na kuwa kali zaidi * [[magonjwa]] kama [[malaria]] yataongezeka kwa sababu [[mbu]] wanaopitisha [[ugonjwa]] watapata [[nafasi]] mpya katika sehemu zilizokuwa baridi mno kwao ==Juhudi za kimataifa== Kutokana na hatari zinazotazamiwa na karibu wataalamu wote wa [[elimu]] ya tabianchi duniani [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ulifanya jitihada za kuanzisha hatua za kisiasa za kupambana na hatari hizi. Tokeo lake ni [[Kongamano la Mfumo wa UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] (''[[:en:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]'') ya mwaka [[1993]] ambayo nchi 194 zilijiunga nayo. Nchi wanachama ziliendelea kupatana hatua mbalimbali katika [[Itifaki ya Kyoto]] na [[Mapatano ya Paris kuhusu Tabianchi]] ya mwaka [[2015]] ambayo nchi wanachama ziliahidi kuchukua hatua maalumu ya kupakana kupanda kwa halijoto kwa kiwango chini ya angalau 2[[°C]] kwa wastani au hata 1.5°C ikiwezekana. == Tazama pia == * [[Madhara ya ongezeko la joto Duniani]] == Viungo vya nje == === Vipimo na data === * [http://earth.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Global Warming Wikia] * [http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/iadv/ NOAA CMDL CCGG - Interactive Atmospheric Data Visualization] NOAA CO₂ data * [http://www.grida.no/climate/vital/13.htm UNEP - The present carbon cycle - Climate Change] {{Wayback|url=http://www.grida.no/climate/vital/13.htm |date=20080915231431 }} carbon levels and flows * [http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/ Temperature data] Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. Philip D. Jones and other. * [http://www.met-office.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/obsdata/globaltemperature.html Hadley Centre: Global temperature data] {{Wayback|url=http://www.met-office.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/obsdata/globaltemperature.html |date=20051104005338 }} ==== Suala la dioksidi kabonia ==== * [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/res.html International Energy Annual: Reserves] * [http://www.iea.org/bookshop/add.aspx?id=144 IEA Publications Bookshop - Key World Energy Statistics] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iea.org/bookshop/add.aspx?id=144 |date=20060306190844 }} * [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/carbon.html International Energy Annual 2002: Carbon Dioxide Emissions] === Tovuti za kisayansi === * [http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/ghcc_home.html NASA's Global Hydrology and Climate Center] {{Wayback|url=http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/ghcc_home.html |date=20061214054334 }} * [http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/observe/surftemp/ NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies] {{Wayback|url=http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/observe/surftemp/ |date=20050105010643 }} (GISS) — Global Temperature Trends. * [http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/paleo/ NASA's GISS paleoclimate site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/paleo/ |date=20100714014633 }} * [http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] {{Wayback|url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html |date=20090119143902 }} — [[NOAA]], [[United States Department of Commerce]] — Global Warming FAQ * [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/paleostory.html NOAA's paleoclimate site] * [http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/ MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change] {{Wayback|url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/ |date=20081225170420 }} * [http://www.realclimate.org Real climate] a blog where scientists discuss the science of global warming === Habari za ziada === * [http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/climate/ New Scientist: Climate Change] — Latest news, articles and FAQ on climate change from New Scientist magazine. * [http://www.aip.org/history/climate Discovery of Global Warming] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aip.org/history/climate |date=20090213161322 }} — An extensive introduction to the topic and the history of its discovery * [http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/education/scienceofclimatechange/ Science of Climate Change] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/education/scienceofclimatechange/ |date=20060628031932 }} — [http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/ Meteorological Service of Canada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/ |date=20051125084514 }}, a guide to understanding the science behind climate change with a thorough [http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/education/scienceofclimatechange/understanding/FAQ/index_e.html FAQ section] {{Wayback|url=http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/education/scienceofclimatechange/understanding/FAQ/index_e.html |date=20060615141646 }}. * [http://www.abelard.org/briefings/global_warming.htm Global warming - a briefing document] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abelard.org/briefings/global_warming.htm |date=20090106110154 }}, summarising current arguments concerning global warming. They present various points of view and some of the basic problems in following the science. * [http://www.acoolerclimate.com How To Help Prevent Global Warming Articles And Newsletter] * [http://www.yerbilimleri.com/kuresel-isinma-gercekler-ve-belirsizlikler Karaca, M. Şen, Ö.L. 2007. Küresel Isınma: Gerçekler ve Belirsizlikler, Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yerbilimleri.com/kuresel-isinma-gercekler-ve-belirsizlikler |date=20090615133041 }} * http://www.sunnyvalecool.org/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.sunnyvalecool.org/ |date=20090114161450 }} We are a team of Sunnyvale, California, residents and friends. === Mengine === * [http://www.autobahn.mb.ca/~het/globalwarming.html A large compendium of links to sites with information on global warming] {{Wayback|url=http://www.autobahn.mb.ca/~het/globalwarming.html |date=20051204091402 }} * [http://www.istl.org/01-fall/internet.html Science and Technology Librarianship: Global Warming and Climate Change Science] — Extensive commented list of Internet resources — Science and Technology Sources on the Internet. * [http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=120 Activist Magazine: Carbon Activism for Beginners] {{Wayback|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=120 |date=20090113221218 }} * [http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=category&sectionid=9&id=230&Itemid=80 Stop Climate Chaos ~ ACT for the Earth] {{Wayback|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index.php?option=content&task=category&sectionid=9&id=230&Itemid=80 |date=20090113213429 }} [[Jamii:Metorolojia]] [[Jamii:Madhara ya mazingira]] [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] lbo2g70zo4rkewhrpbk72zb3jb1sfve 0 20115 1580626 1327384 2026-07-19T23:40:23Z ~2026-40637-59 91052 Idadi ya watu 1580626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bukabwa''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Butiama]] katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''31205'''. Kata hiyo inajumuisha vijiji vya Bukabwa yalipo [[makao makuu]] ya kata, Mmazami na Kirumi. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 18,765 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 197 </ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,002 waishio humo<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Mara - Butiama-District-Council]</ref>, kwa mchanganuo ufuatao: kijiji cha Bukabwa wakazi wapatao 3,127, kijiji cha Kirumi wakazi 3,291 na kijiji cha Mmazami wakazi 9,584. [[Idadi]] kubwa ya wakazi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Wakabwa]], wasweta, na kiasi kidogo jamii ya [[Wazanaki]], [[Wakiroba]] na [[Wasimbiti]]. Mwaka wa 2014 kijiji cha Bukabwa kilipata [[umeme]] kupitia mradi wa umeme vijijini unaodhaminia na [[serikali]] ya Tanzania kupitia wakala wa umeme vijijini (Rural energy Agent-REA). ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Butiama}} {{mbegu-jio-mara}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Butiama]] [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Mara]] gzpupazen7hrdztjflnu3pajk69ko9m 1580701 1580626 2026-07-20T09:58:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bukabwa''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Butiama]] katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''31205'''. Kata hiyo inajumuisha vijiji vya Bukabwa yalipo [[makao makuu]] ya kata, Mmazami na Kirumi. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi wa kata walihesabiwa kuwa 13,765 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz, uk 197 </ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2012, kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,002 waishio humo<ref>[http://www.wavuti.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/3076464/census20general20report20-202920march202013_combined_final20for20printing1.pdf Sensa ya 2012, Mara - Butiama-District-Council]</ref>, kwa mchanganuo ufuatao: kijiji cha Bukabwa wakazi wapatao 3,127, kijiji cha Kirumi wakazi 3,291 na kijiji cha Mmazami wakazi 4,584. [[Idadi]] kubwa ya wakazi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Wakabwa]], na kiasi kidogo jamii ya [[Wazanaki]], [[Wakiroba]] na [[Wasimbiti]]. Mwaka wa 2014 kijiji cha Bukabwa kilipata [[umeme]] kupitia mradi wa umeme vijijini unaodhaminia na [[serikali]] ya Tanzania kupitia wakala wa umeme vijijini (Rural energy Agent-REA). ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Butiama}} {{mbegu-jio-mara}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Butiama]] [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Mara]] qcnct4nh8i5tjt6ykz7l50u6wsxj7kt 0 32664 1580649 1147320 2026-07-20T05:37:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamalwapotr.jpg|frame|Michael Wamalwa Kijana.]] '''Michael Wamalwa Kijana''' ([[25 Novemba]] [[1944]] - [[23 Agosti]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Kenya]] na wakati wa [[mauti]] yake, alikuwa [[Makamu wa Rais]] wa [[Kenya]]. ==Maisha ya utotoni== Christopher Michael Kijana Wamalwa alizaliwa Sosio, kijiji kilichoko karibu na [[Kimilili]], katika [[wilaya ya Bungoma]] nchini Kenya. Alikuwa mwana wa [[mbunge]] mashuhuri, William Wamalwa. Alikuwa kiranja mkuu mvulana na mshirika mijadala ya shule shupavu alipokuwa shule ya sekondari. Alishinda mashindano ya kitaifa ya insha na aliwakilisha Kenya katika jukwaa la wanafunzi la Umoja wa Kimataifa. Alitunukiwa udhamini wa masomo wa Jumuiya za Kimadola kusomea sheria King's College, Cambridge mwaka wa 1965,na kufuzu mwaka wa 1968 kabla ya kwenda kwenye [[London School of Economics]]. Aliitimu kwenye sheria katika [[Lincoln's Inn]], mwaka wa 1970. Alirejea Kenya mwaka huohuo na kuanza kufundisha sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]]. Baadhi ya wanafunzi aliofundisha walikuja wakawa washirika na wapinzani wake wa kisiasa baadaye. Katika kipindi hiki, alisimamia mashamba ya familia katika eneo la [[Kitale na]] vilevile kushikilia nyadhifa kadhaa maarufu serikalini ikiwa ni pamoja na meneja mkuu wa Kenya Stone Mining Company na mkurugenzi wa Kenya-Japan Association. ==Siasa== Kuingia kwake siasa nchini Kenya kulikuja katika [[uchaguzi wa]] ubunge wa 1974. Akiwa tu na umri wa miaka 30, wapinzani wake walimpuzilia yeye kama kijana na pia kutoka familia ya kitajiri mno ili kuwakilisha eneo bunge lake vyema. Kampeni yake ilikuwa ya kifahari: ilijumuisha matumizi ya ndege na mikutano ya kampeni za umma iliyoja ufujaji wa pesa. Hatimaye alishinda kiti cha mwaka 1979, kwa kushirikiana na [[Masinde Muliro]]. Katika pilikapilika za uchaguzi wa kwanza wa [[vyama vingi]] katika Kenya huru wa mwaka wa 1992, Wamalwa alijitambulisha na [[FORD-Kenya]], chama ambacho kilijiondoa kwenye muungano wa upinzani wa FORD. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa eneo bunge la [[Saboti na]] vilevile Makamu Mwenyekiti kwanza wa chama chake. Mnamo Januari 1994, akawa mwenyekiti wa [[FORD-Kenya]] kufuatia kifo cha [[Oginga Odinga]]. Aligombea uchaguzi wa Kenya wa mwaka wa 1997 kama kiongozi wa upinzani lakini hakufanya vyema na alikuja wa nne katika idadi ya kura za kitaifa. ==Maisha ya kisiasa== Sambamba na [[Tom Mboya]], [[Ronald Ngala]] na [[PLO Lumumba]], alikuwa na kipawa cha unenaji. Alijitolea utajiri wake kuwasaidia maskini na wahitaji kwa kulipia karo za shule na kusaidia katika kuinua ubora wa maisha ya maskini. Alianzisha shirika la usaidizi la Touch Afrika kwa msingi na lengo la kuwawezesha vijana na masikini ili kutimiza ndoto zao. Alikuwa mbunge wa eneo bunge la [[Saboti]] katika wilaya ya Trans-Nzoia, mkoa wa Rift Valley. Mji wake wa nyumbani ulikuwa [[Kitale]]. Labda ni yeye wa kipekee katika historia ya Kenya aliyeweza kupata kura bila misingi ya kikabila. Ailidhaniwa kuwa mwandamizi wa moja kwa moja wa Rais [[Mwai Kibaki]]. ===Kura za mwaka wa 2002 === Katika pilkapilka za uchaguzi wa mwaka 2002, walianzisha muungano wa kisiasa na [[Mwai Kibaki]] na [[Charity Ngilu]] ili kuja na upande wa kushinda. Baadaye [[Kalonzo Musyoka]] na [[Raila Odinga]],walipogundua upande wao wa [[KANU]] ulikuwa umeelekea kupoteza, walibadili mrengo na kujiunga nao ili kufaidi na hali na watu kwa sasa kutoa changamoto kwa chama cha aliyekuwa rais wakati huo [[Daniel arap Moi]], Kenya African National Union, [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU). Muungano huu uliitwa [[National Rainbow Coalition]] (NARC), na ulipata ushinda mkubwa katika uchaguzi huo na [[Mwai Kibaki]] kama Rais. Wamalwa aliteuliwa makamu wa rais. ==Kudidimia kwa afya== [[File:Wamalwawedding.jpg|thumb|right|Wamalwa na Yvonne Nambia katika harusi.]] Mwisho mwisho wa mwaka wa 2002, wakati wa kampeni za uchaguzi, Mwai Kibaki alijeruhiwa vibaya sana katika ajali ya gari na alipelekwa London kwa matibabu. Aki huko,alitembelewa na Wamalwa ambaye pia aliugua na ilibidi atibiwe kwa matatizo ya figo. Hii ilikuwa dalili ya ugonjwa zaidi kwani alikuwa mgonjwa tena katikati ya mwaka wa 2003 na kwa mara nyingine tena, alitibiwa London. Alipata nafuu kidogo na alirejea Kenya kuoa Yvonne Nambia, katika sherehe kuu.Ilisemekana kuwa yeye alioposa kwa Kiingereza cha siku za Shakespea na aliwasili kanisa katika Vintage Ford akiwa amevalia kanzu. Miezi miwili tu baada ya harusi, Wamalwa alirudi katika hospitali ya [[Royal Free Hospital]] kwa uchunguzi na kupelekea kuenea uvumi kwamba afya yake ilikuwa mbaya zaidi kuliko madaktari walivokuwa wakidhani. Hakuwahi pona. Alifariki asubuhi ya [[23 Agosti]] 2003, <ref>http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/23082003/News/wamNews38.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/23082003/News/wamNews38.html |date=20050426214654 }}, Kenya's vice president dies in London</ref> na baadaye kupewa mazishi ya katfika kwenye shamba lake, [[Kitale]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} ==Marejeo== *Simiyu Wandiiba. Masinde muliro: A Biography (Nairobi: EAEP, 1996) *Wekesa, Bob. The Road Not Taken: A Biography of Michael Wamalwa Kijana. (Nairobi: Oakland, 2004). ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.fordkenya.com Ford Kenya Political Party] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fordkenya.com/ |date=20190522012715 }} {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[Makamu wa Rais wa Kenya]]|before=[[Musalia Mudavadi]]|after=[[Moody Awori]]|years=2003}} {{end box}} {{KenyaVPs}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wamalwa, Michael}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2003]] [[Category:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] 8g01plnacdta412bm9nxeiplfx4nuow 0 33621 1580553 1370924 2026-07-19T13:13:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Sibi-Okumu''' ni [[mwigizaji]] [[Mkenya]] na [[mwandishi wa habari]] anayejulikana kimataifa kwa jukumu lake la uigizaji katika ''[[The Constant Gardener]]''. Sibi-Okumu alianza kuigiza mwaka 1968 pindi alipokuwa mwanafunzi katika shule ya [[Lenana]], na kuendelea kuchukua hatua mbalimbali katika uigizaji. Ameigiza katika sinema kadhaa, kama vile ''[[Born Free]]'' (1975), ''We are the children'' (1987) na ''Metamo'' (1997).<ref>[0] ^ Anthony Njagi, [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/weekend/25012002/story7.htm "In celebration of Black History Month",] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/weekend/25012002/story7.htm |date=20070927013610 }} ''Weekend Magazine,'' 18 Januari 2002</ref> Kama mwandishi wa habari, alianzisha kipindi maarufu cha ''Summit'' iliyokuwa ikionyeshwa kwa [[Kenya Television Network]] (KTN), ambapo yeye aliwahoji wanasiasa wa Kenya. John Sibi-Okumu alizaliwa nchini Kenya. Yeye alianza kusoma nchini Uingereza, (katika shule ya William Pattern School, London) kisha nchini Kenya, (Shule ya msingi ya Muthaiga na Duke York / Shule ya Upili ya Lenana) na hatimaye akaenda Ufaransa (Chuo Kikuu cha Toulouse, "Le Mirail "). Kwa muda mrefu wa maisha yake ya kikazi, alifunza Kifaransa katika shule ya msingi, kati na sekondari, na alikuwa Mkuu wa Idara ya Lugha za Kisasa katika hatua mbalimbali katika kazi ya muda mrefu. Mwaka wa 2002, alipewa taji la kuheshinika la Chevalier des Palmes Académiques, kwa huduma ya Kifaransa na utamaduni nchini Kenya. Mbali na mafanikio yake kama mwalimu, yeye ana sifa ya kuwa mtu wa Sanaa. Kwa miaka mingi iliyopita, amekuwa akijulikana na wasikilizaji na watazamaji nchini Kenya kama mtangazaji wa televisheni na redio. Kwa mfano, kutoka mwaka wa 1997 hadi 2002 kupitia '''"The Summit,"''' aliwahoji watu maarufu kama Daniel arap Moi, Mwai Kibaki, Robert Mugabe, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Richard Leakey na '''Wangari Maathai.''' Hivi karibuni, amekuwa akiuliza maswali katika kipindi cha chemsha bongo "The Celtel Africa Challenge," inayochukua nusu saa nusu saa na inahusu mashindano kati ya wanafunzi wa vyuo vikuu mbalimbali. Msimu wa pili, ulionyeshwa mnamo mwaka 2008 nchini Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi na Zambia. Mwaka wa 2009, ilibadilishwa kuwa '''"The Zain Afrika Challenge,"''' na nchi za Nigeria, Ghana na Sierra Leone ziliongezwa katika orodha ya nchi zinazososhindana. Kuna matarajio ya nchi zingine kuongezeka katika miaka ijayo. Yeye amewahi kusimulia maonyesho mbalimbali zilizoshinda tuzo kwa lugha ya Kiingereza na Kifaransa na ameigiza katika filamu kadhaa, miongoni mwao kwenye tamthiliya kama Waziri wa Afya Dr Yoshua Ngaba katika "The Constant Gardener" iliyoshinda tuzo la Oscar na kwenya maisha halisi kama mwanadiplomasia wa Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa, Jacques Roger Boh-Boh, katika "Shake Hands with the Devil," hadithi ya mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda kupitia kwa Romeo Dallaire, ambaye ans asili ya Kifaransa na Canada. Katika miaka iliyopita, ameigiza katika majukumu ya kustaajabisha kama Mfalme Oedipus; Romeo, Oberon and Shylock (Shakespeare); Anouilh Creon katika "Antigone," Beckett Vladimir katika "Waiting for Godot and Mtwa / Ngema' s Percy katika" Woza, Albert! " Yeye mwenyewe ameanzisha "In Search of the Drum Major" na "Like Ripples On a Pond," zote juu ya haki za binadamu (American Civil Rights Movement), na pia "Milestones". == "Showcase" == Yeye ameandika michezo miwili ya awali kabisa: Ya kwanza, "Role Play - A Journey into Kenyan Psyche," iliyochapishwa mwaka 2005 (Mvule Africa Publishers; ISBN 9966-769-42-0) iliyochambuliwa na Newsweek International kama "mtazamo wa ubaguzi wa kirangi nchini Kenya ambao hauhitaji msamaha." Mchezo wa pili ni, "Minister ... karibu!" iliyotizamwa mjini Nairobi na watazamaji tarehe Oktoba 2007 na itachapishwa tena baada ya kuandikwa tena. Katika "Minister .... Karibu!" Sibi-Okumu anatumia kinaya, kuwaonyesha Wakenya hatari ya ubinafsi wa kisiasa na jinsi inavyoharibu utulivu wa kijamii. Ameandika kitabu kingine "Tom Mboya: Master of Mass Management," kwa ajili ya wasomaji wachanga, iliyochapishwa na (Sasa Sema / Longhorn Publishers: ISBN 978-9966-36-328-9). Mwezi Oktoba 2009 John Sibi-Okumu alijihusisha katika kutengeneza filamu ya kimuziki Mo Faya, iliyoonyeshwa katika New York Theatre Festival 2009. Yeye kama mwandishi wa habari ameandika taarifa tofauti kwa magazeti na majarida ya Kenya kwa kutumia jina la kujibandikiza la Mwenye Sikio na, kwa miaka mitatu, alikuwa kwenye bodi ya kuhariri ya jarida la "AWAAZ-Voices of the South Asian Diaspora," ([www.awaazmagazine.com ]), ambayo anaendelea kuandika mara kwa mara iitwayo: "Alternative Angle." Kuongezea yote hayo, amekuwa akifanya kazi kama mhariri, akijihusisha mara nyingi na utafiti wa kisayansi. Katika maisha yake ya utu uzima, John Sibi-Okumu daima hukaribishwa fursa kwa kukopesha talanta yake kwa hisani na katika ustawi wa jamii. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} *{{imdb name|id=2019170|name=John Sibi-Okumu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sibi-Okumu, John}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9tin9a5sj8n4nmqlxg0dssu0m0dvxwi 0 34149 1580555 1572393 2026-07-19T13:30:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Mayanja''' (anajulikana kwa [[jina la kisanii]] '''Jose Chameleone''' au '''Chameleone''', wakati mwingine '''Chameleon'''; alizaliwa mwaka wa [[1979]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[hip hop]] na [[reggae]] kutoka [[Uganda]]. Yeye huimba hasa katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]] na ana nyimbo kadhaa zilizofanya vizuri, baadhi akiwa amezifanya na wanamuziki tofautitofauti kama mwanamuziki wa [[Tanzania]], [[Joseph Haule]] maarufu kama [[Professor Jay]], ==Wasifu== Chameleone alianza wasifu wake mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, watengenezaji wake wa muziki wakiwa [[Ogopa Deejays]]kutoka [[Kenya]]. Moja kati ya nyimbo zake ya kwanza ilikuwa "Bageya", ikimshirikisha [[Redsan]], msanii kutoka Kenya. Pia alishirikiana na mwananchi mwanamuziki mwenzake Bebe Cool, lakini baadaye iliiibuka kuwa wawili hawa walikuwa na upinzani mbaya. Mtindo wa Chameleone wa muziki ni mchanganyiko wa muziki wa kitamaduni wa Kiuganda, rumba ya Kati ya Afrika, Zouk na ragga. Albamu yake ya kwanza ilitolewa nchini Kenya mwaka wa 1999. Tangu wakati huo ametoa albamu kadhaa zikiwa pamoja na "Bageya" mwaka wa 2000, "Mama Mia" mwaka wa 2001, "Njo Karibu" mwaka wa 2002, "The Golden Voice" mwaka wa 2003, "Mambo Bado" mwaka wa 2004 na "Kipepo" mwaka wa 2005. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Jamii ya Mwanamuziki, muungano wa wanamuziki ambao hutumia umaarufu wao na mali yao kusaidia kuondoa umaskini na kujenga kampeni za mwamko wa [[VVU]] / [[UKIMWI]]. Ametembelea idadi ya nchi za ng'ambo zikiwemo [[Marekani]], [[Uingereza]] na [[Sweden]] miongoni mwa mengine. Ndugu yake mdogo, anayetumia jina la kisanii la ''Weasel'', ni mwanamuziki pia. == Diskografia == '''Albamu:''' *''Bageya'' (2000) *''Mama Mia'' (2001) *''Njo Karibu'' (2002) *''The Golden Voice'' (2003) *''Mambo Bado'' (2004) *''Kipepeo'' (2005) *''Shida za Dunia'' (2006) *''Sivyo Ndivyo'' (2007) *''Katupakase'' (2007) *''Bayuda'' (2008-2009) *''Vumilia'' (2010) *''Valu Valu'' (2012) *''Badilisha'' (2013) *''Wale Wale'' (2015) *''Sili Mujawo'' (2016) *''Sweet Banana, Superstar, Mshamba'' (2017) *''Champion, Mateeka, Kilabe'' (2018) '''Nyimbo zake kadhaa zilizoenea''' *"Jamila" *"Mama Rhoda" (ikimshirikisha Bushoke) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSSw1JSUidY] *"Shida za Dunia" *"Kipepeo" *"Bei Kali" *"Fitina Yako" *"Haraka Haraka" *"Mambo Bado" *"Ndivyo Sivyo". *"Byabanene". *"Forever". *"Banana Remix" (featuring Fik Gaza) ==Tuzo== '''Walishinda''' *2003 Tuzo za muziki za lulu la Afrika (Tuzo za PAM) - Msanii wa Mwaka &amp; Msanii bora mwanamme na Msanii bora wa muziki wa Contemporary na Wimbo wa Mwaka ( "Mama Mia") <ref> PAM Awards 2003 Winners &amp; Nominees (kutoka tovuti ya tuzo PAM, sasa maiti link)</ref> *2004 Tuzo za muziki za lulu la Afrika (Tuzo za PAM) - Msanii wa Mwaka na Wimbo wa Mwaka ( "Jamila") <ref> PAM Awards: Washindi wa 2004</ref> *2005 Tuzo za muziki za lulu la Afrika (Tuzo za PAM) - Msanii na Kundi bora wa Afro Beat na Nyimbo bora za Afro Beat ( "Kipepeo") <ref>PAM Awards: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702053829/http://pamawards.com/pages/2005.php 2005 Winners &amp; Nominees]</ref> *Tuzo za muziki za Tanzania 2004 - Albamu bora ya Afrika Mashariki ( "Bei Kali") <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kilitimetz.com/winners.html |title=Tuzo za muziki za Tanzania - Winners 2004 |accessdate=2004-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204012935/http://www.kilitimetz.com/winners.html |archivedate=2004-12-04 }}</ref> *Tuzo za muziki za Tanzania 2005 - Albamu bora ya Afrika Mashariki ( "Jamila") <ref> Tuzo ya muziki, Tanzania: Washindi wa mwaka 2005</ref> *2006 Tuzo za muziki za lulu la Afrika (PAM Awards) - Msanii na kundi bora wa Afro Beat <ref> Ugandaonline.net: Washindi wa PAM Awards 2006</ref> *Tuzo za muziki za Kisima 2006 - Nyimbo bora ya Uganda''(Mama Rhoda)'' na video bora ya Uganda ''(Mama Rhoda)'' <ref> Washindi wa Kisima Awards 2007</ref> *Tuzo za muziki za Kisima 2007 - Nyimbo bora ya Uganda ''(Sivyo Ndivyo'' na [[Profesa Jay)]] <ref> Washindi wa Kisima Awards 2007</ref> '''Ameteuliwa''' *Tuzo za Kora 2003 - Msanii bora wa Afrika Mashariki [7] *Tuzo za Kora 2004 - Msanii bora wa kiume wa Afrika Mashariki <ref>Yeahbo.net, [http://www.yeahbo.net/KoraAwardsWinners2004.xls Mkoa Kora 2004] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yeahbo.net/KoraAwardsWinners2004.xls |date=20050106052917 }}</ref> *Tuzo za MOBO 2006 - Tendo bora la Kiafrika <ref>[[IPP Media:]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063807/http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2006/09/01/73555.html ''Jose Chameleon ameshinda kwa Uingereza music awards'']''<nowiki/>''</ref> *2007 Tuzo za muziki za Ulaya za MTV - Tendo bora la Kiafrika == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://josechameleone.e-monsite.com] {{Wayback|url=http://josechameleone.e-monsite.com/ |date=20140315125839 }} *[http://www.ugpulse.com/search.asp?ugaSrch=Chameleone Chameleone articles on UGPulse.com] *[http://www.josechameleone.com Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.josechameleone.com/ |date=20211209081750 }} *[http://www.myspace.com/officialjosechameleone MySpace page] *[http://www.museke.com/node/1423 Jose Chameleone lyrics, video, audio] {{Wayback|url=http://www.museke.com/node/1423 |date=20100204130946 }} *[http://www.musicuganda.com/chameleone.html Musicuganda.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.musicuganda.com/chameleone.html |date=20100626022900 }} *[[Daily Nation:]] ''[http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/21022004/News/Review2102200421.html Chamelone's new colours] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/21022004/News/Review2102200421.html |date=20080328114313 }}'' * [http://www.busaramusic.com/database/artists.php?whereartistlike=%25Jose%20Chameleone%25 Busara Music Festival - Jose Chameleone] {{Wayback|url=http://www.busaramusic.com/database/artists.php?whereartistlike=%25Jose%20Chameleone%25 |date=20081010152350 }} *[http://www.ugee.com/index.php?option=com_seyret&amp;task=videodirectlink&amp;id=345&amp;Itemid=219 Chameleone - Shida Za - Music Video] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ugee.com/index.php?option=com_seyret&task=videodirectlink&id=345&Itemid=219 |date=20081010203718 }} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Kisima Music Award winners]] ei5ewa3vmlz7d37e1hq64rcxhxln135 0 34207 1580707 1382434 2026-07-20T10:20:14Z ~2026-40790-35 91059 1580707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kurias singing and dancing.jpg|thumb|Kundi la densi la Wakuria wakiimba na kucheza kule Kenya.]] '''Wakurya''' (kwa [[Kikurya]]: '''AbaKurya''') ni [[kabila]] la [[watu]] wanaoishi katika [[wilaya]] za [[Wilaya ya Rorya|Rorya]], [[Tarime]] na [[Serengeti]] kwenye [[mkoa wa Mara]], [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Tanzania]], na katika [[kaunti ya Migori]] katika sehemu ya [[kusini]] [[mashariki]] ya [[Kenya]]. Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2005]], [[idadi]] ya Wakurya ilikadiriwa kuwa 690,000, ikiwa ni 430,000 wanaoishi nchini Tanzania na 260,000 nchini Kenya. [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikuria]]. Wakurya ni [[wakulima]] na [[wafugaji]], huku Wakurya wa nchini Kenya wakiegemea sana kwa [[kilimo]] nao wa nchini Tanzania wakiegemea sana [[ufugaji]]. Hasa Wakurya walio katika [[wilaya ya Serengeti]] wanatambulika kama wafugaji. Kilimo cha asili walikuwa wanalima ulezi mtama na viazi tu kwa ajili ya kutengeneza Togwa (obosara) na Pombe. Mazao mengine yalianza kulimwa miaka ya 1900 baada ya wajerumani kuhimiza kilimo. Wakurya hawapendi kutawaliwa wala kuonewa hivyo walikuwa na saiga lika ya vijana kwa ajili ya ulinzi na usalama hivyo utumwa haukuwaathiri sana. Ila kwa kupenda kwao vita walijiunga sana na jeshi K.A.R (King African Rifle) kupigana vita ya kwanza na ya pili na ya Uganda. Wakurya wanafanana na [[Wakisii]] wa nchini Kenya kwa lugha na [[umbile]]. Wanadhaniwa walikuwa [[kundi]] moja hadi waliposhambuliwa vikali na [[Wamasai]] mnamo [[karne ya 19]] na kusambaratishwa katika maeneo tofautitofauti. Utengano huo ulisababisha kuweko kwa [[lahaja]] [[mbili]] ambazo zinaeleweka na kila kundi. Wakurya wamegawanyika katika "makabila madogo" au [[Ukoo|koo]] [[kumi na sita]], nazo ni: Nyabasi, Wakira, [[Wairege]], Bagumbe (wanaoishi Kenya na Tanzania), Watimbaru, Wanyamongo, Wakenye, [[Wasimbiti]], Wasweta, Warenchoka, Waikoma, Wamerani na mengineyo. Makabila haya madogo yote yapo pia katika kabila la Wakisii nchini Kenya. Wakurya ni kabila ambalo huona vita kama mchezo na kuua ni kama kucheza tu na usiombe ukutane nao wakiwa na hasira. Ila ni watu wema sana wakati wa amani: usipowachokoza hawana ubaya na mtu ila ukiwakosea bila kujua hukusamehe hata kabla hujaomba msamaha ila ukiwakosea makusudi hawana msamaha kabisa. Wakurya ni watu ambao hawasalimu amri ukionesha kuwashinda huenda kujipanga upya na kutafakari ni jinsi gani watashinda na si watu wa kukata tamaa na wakiwa na mori hawaogopi chochote wala lolote wako tayari kukabiliana nalo. Kabila la Wakurya pia linakaribiana na kabila la [[Wazanaki]] katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]] nchini Tanzania. [[Itikadi]] zao kadhaa zinafanana. ==Historia== Neno '''“Kuria/koria”  (Mukuria/Mokoria)''' etimolojia yake hasa ni kutoka lugha za Kibantu katika lahaja ya ''Kisimbiti'' na ''Kikuria (Kikurya)'' ambapo neno hilo lilitokana na neno “Okoria” (Okorya) lenye maana ya "Ulaji" ambapo kiasili lilitamkwa “Mokoria” (Mokorya) kwa maana ya “Mle au Mnaokula”. Katika wingi wao jamii ya watu hao ambao hasa ni walaji wakubwa wa nyama waliitwa “Abhakoria/Abhakuria” (Abhakoria/Abhakurya) yaani watu walaji ambapo kutokana na watu hao hapo kale kuwa na  hulka ya kutisha kwa ukali na haiba ya maumbo makubwa ya miili yao, waliitwa “Amakoria/Amakuria” (Makoria/Makuria) ikiwa na maana ya “Majitu”.<ref name=":0">Maisha Ya Watu Na Wanadamu Anuwai Katika Edeni Ya Tanzania Na Mashariki mwa Dunia, ISBN: 978-9912-40-424-3</ref> Kuanzia karne ya 10 KK hadi karne ya 4 KK Wabantu wa jamii ya Abakuria (Makuria) pamoja na Wasuba kutoka pande za Maziwa Makuu hasa Nyanza (Viktoria Nyanza) walisafiri kupitia mto Nile mweupe hadi Karthoum (Khartoum) na Mashariki ya Kati kufanya kazi za kijeshi kama askari wa kukodiwa katika majeshi ya Waseba wa Kaskazini, Wakushi, Watiro na Waisraeli.<ref name=":0" /> Huko katika Mashariki ya Kati, Wasuba pamoja na Wabantu wa jamii ya “Abakuria” (Makuria) walifika eneo la Mara lenye kuwa na asili ya maji machungu, eneo ambalo kwa lugha ya Kisemitiki katika lahaja ya Kiebrania liliitwa “Mara” maana yake “Machungu”. Maji yenye uchungu yaliyopatikana katika eneo hilo la jagwa katika Mashariki ya Kati  hao Abakuria (Makuria) waliyafananisha na kimiminika kilichotoka kichungu kilichotoka katika utumbo wa  mnyama wa aina ya mbuzi ambao waliuita “Amara” (Mara). Baada ya kumalizika kwa vita ya Mashariki ya Kati katika karne ya 4 KK, askari hao mamluki wa Kisuba na Kikuria walirudi katika nchi ya Kushi (Bara la Afrika) na kuweka makazi yao katika Nubia (Sudani) katika eneo la “Sobat”. Eneo hilo waliloweka makazi yao liliitwa “Sobat” kutokana na kunasibishwa na jina walilopewa askari hao waliokuwa wakirejea kutoka vitani la “Abasoba” ambalo kwa lugha ya Wabantu wa wakati huo ilimaanisha “Wanaorudi toka vitani au Wanyonyaji”. Hata hivyo, kutokana na kushamiri kwa vita ya kati ya Warabu na Watu weusi wa pande za Kaskazini mwa bara la Afrika, katika karne ya 15 BK Wabantu hao wa jamii Abakuria (Makuria) walihama na kurejea katika makazi ya mababu wa mbari yao katika eneo la Mara linalopatikana nchini Tanzania ambapo jamii hizo za Wasuba na Wakuria zinaishi kuzunguka ziwa Vikroria katika nchi za Tanzania na Kenya hadi sasa. Hivyo basi, kutokana na historia ya jamii hii ya Abakuria (Makuria) kuwa watu waaminifu, jasiri na hodari katika medani ya vita, mara tu baada ya uhuru wa iliyokuwa nchi ya Tanganyika katika Afrika ya Mashariki ambayo baada ya Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar katika mwaka 1964 iliitwa Tanzania, Wabantu hao wa jamii ya Abakuria (Makuria) waliendelea kuaminiwa kiasi cha kupewa nafsi za juu katika jeshi la Tanzania. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|Kuria people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kuj Kuria language on Ethnologue] {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{Makabila ya Kenya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuria}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Makabila ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Migori]] j6rh9qiqlqwgo7rr7gpxvdila7bosnr 1580710 1580707 2026-07-20T11:18:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kurias singing and dancing.jpg|thumb|Kundi la densi la Wakuria wakiimba na kucheza kule Kenya.]] '''Wakurya''' (kwa [[Kikurya]]: '''AbaKurya''') ni [[kabila]] la [[watu]] wanaoishi katika [[wilaya]] za [[Wilaya ya Rorya|Rorya]], [[Tarime]] na [[Serengeti]] kwenye [[mkoa wa Mara]], [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Tanzania]], na katika [[kaunti ya Migori]] katika sehemu ya [[kusini]] [[mashariki]] ya [[Kenya]]. Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2005]], [[idadi]] ya Wakurya ilikadiriwa kuwa 690,000, ikiwa ni 430,000 wanaoishi nchini Tanzania na 260,000 nchini Kenya. [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikuria]]. Wakurya ni [[wakulima]] na [[wafugaji]], huku Wakurya wa nchini Kenya wakiegemea sana kwa [[kilimo]] nao wa nchini Tanzania wakiegemea sana [[ufugaji]]. Hasa Wakurya walio katika [[wilaya ya Serengeti]] wanatambulika kama wafugaji. Kilimo cha asili walikuwa wanalima ulezi mtama na viazi tu kwa ajili ya kutengeneza Togwa (obosara) na Pombe. Mazao mengine yalianza kulimwa miaka ya 1900 baada ya wajerumani kuhimiza kilimo. Wakurya hawapendi kutawaliwa wala kuonewa hivyo walikuwa na saiga lika ya vijana kwa ajili ya ulinzi na usalama hivyo utumwa haukuwaathiri sana. Ila kwa kupenda kwao vita walijiunga sana na jeshi K.A.R. ([[King's African Rifles]]) kupigana vita ya kwanza na ya pili na ya Uganda. Wakurya wanafanana na [[Wakisii]] wa nchini Kenya kwa lugha na [[umbile]]. Wanadhaniwa walikuwa [[kundi]] moja hadi waliposhambuliwa vikali na [[Wamasai]] mnamo [[karne ya 19]] na kusambaratishwa katika maeneo tofautitofauti. Utengano huo ulisababisha kuweko kwa [[lahaja]] [[mbili]] ambazo zinaeleweka na kila kundi. Wakurya wamegawanyika katika "makabila madogo" au [[Ukoo|koo]] [[kumi na sita]], nazo ni: Nyabasi, Wakira, [[Wairege]], Bagumbe (wanaoishi Kenya na Tanzania), Watimbaru, Wanyamongo, Wakenye, [[Wasimbiti]], Wasweta, Warenchoka, [[Waikoma]], Wamerani na mengineyo. Makabila haya madogo yote yapo pia katika kabila la Wakisii nchini Kenya. Wakurya ni kabila ambalo huona vita kama mchezo na kuua ni kama kucheza tu na usiombe ukutane nao wakiwa na hasira. Ila ni watu wema sana wakati wa amani: usipowachokoza hawana ubaya na mtu ila ukiwakosea bila kujua hukusamehe hata kabla hujaomba msamaha ila ukiwakosea makusudi hawana msamaha kabisa. Wakurya ni watu ambao hawasalimu amri ukionesha kuwashinda huenda kujipanga upya na kutafakari ni jinsi gani watashinda na si watu wa kukata tamaa na wakiwa na mori hawaogopi chochote wala lolote wako tayari kukabiliana nalo. Kabila la Wakurya pia linakaribiana na kabila la [[Wazanaki]] katika [[Mkoa wa Mara]] nchini Tanzania. [[Itikadi]] zao kadhaa zinafanana. ==Historia== Neno ''“Kuria/Koria” (Mukuria/Mokoria)'' asili yake hasa ni kutoka [[lugha za Kibantu]] katika lahaja ya [[Kisimbiti]] na Kikuria (Kikurya) ambapo neno hilo lilitokana na neno “Okoria” (Okorya) lenye maana ya "Ulaji" ambapo awali lilitamkwa “Mokoria” (Mokorya) kwa maana ya “Mle au Mnaokula”. Katika wingi wao jamii ya watu hao ambao hasa ni walaji wakubwa wa nyama waliitwa “Abhakoria/Abhakuria” (Abhakoria/Abhakurya) yaani watu walaji ambapo kutokana na watu hao hapo kale kuwa na  hulka ya kutisha kwa ukali na haiba ya maumbo makubwa ya miili yao, waliitwa “Amakoria/Amakuria” (Makoria/Makuria) ikiwa na maana ya “Majitu”.<ref name=":0">Maisha Ya Watu Na Wanadamu Anuwai Katika Edeni Ya Tanzania Na Mashariki mwa Dunia, ISBN: 978-9912-40-424-3</ref> Kuanzia karne ya 10 KK hadi karne ya 4 KK Wabantu wa jamii ya Abakuria (Makuria) pamoja na Wasuba kutoka pande za Maziwa Makuu hasa Nyanza (Viktoria Nyanza) walisafiri kupitia mto [[Nile Nyeupe]] hadi Khartoum na Mashariki ya Kati kufanya kazi za kijeshi kama askari wa kukodiwa katika majeshi ya Waseba wa Kaskazini, Wakushi, Watiro na Waisraeli.<ref name=":0" /> Huko katika Mashariki ya Kati, Wasuba pamoja na Wabantu wa jamii ya “Abakuria” (Makuria) walifika eneo la Mara lenye kuwa na asili ya maji machungu, eneo ambalo kwa lugha ya Kisemitiki katika lahaja ya Kiebrania liliitwa “Mara” maana yake “Machungu”. Maji yenye uchungu yaliyopatikana katika eneo hilo la jagwa katika Mashariki ya Kati  hao Abakuria (Makuria) waliyafananisha na kimiminika kilichotoka kichungu kilichotoka katika utumbo wa  mnyama wa aina ya mbuzi ambao waliuita “Amara” (Mara). Baada ya kumalizika kwa vita ya Mashariki ya Kati katika karne ya 4 KK, askari hao mamluki wa Kisuba na Kikuria walirudi katika nchi ya Kushi (Bara la Afrika) na kuweka makazi yao katika Nubia (Sudani) katika eneo la “Sobat”. Eneo hilo waliloweka makazi yao liliitwa “Sobat” kutokana na kunasibishwa na jina walilopewa askari hao waliokuwa wakirejea kutoka vitani la “Abasoba” ambalo kwa lugha ya Wabantu wa wakati huo ilimaanisha “Wanaorudi toka vitani au Wanyonyaji”. Hata hivyo, kutokana na kushamiri kwa vita ya kati ya Warabu na Watu weusi wa pande za Kaskazini mwa bara la Afrika, katika karne ya 15 BK Wabantu hao wa jamii Abakuria (Makuria) walihama na kurejea katika makazi ya mababu wa mbari yao katika eneo la Mara linalopatikana nchini Tanzania ambapo jamii hizo za Wasuba na Wakuria zinaishi kuzunguka ziwa Vikroria katika nchi za Tanzania na Kenya hadi sasa. Hivyo basi, kutokana na historia ya jamii hii ya Abakuria (Makuria) kuwa watu waaminifu, jasiri na hodari katika medani ya vita, mara tu baada ya uhuru wa iliyokuwa nchi ya Tanganyika katika Afrika ya Mashariki ambayo baada ya Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar katika mwaka 1964 iliitwa Tanzania, Wabantu hao wa jamii ya Abakuria (Makuria) waliendelea kuaminiwa kiasi cha kupewa nafsi za juu katika jeshi la Tanzania. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|Kuria people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kuj Kuria language on Ethnologue] {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{Makabila ya Kenya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuria}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Makabila ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Migori]] 3x6qdytg75j46yoif2vonktccmzmokc 0 34818 1580550 1190014 2026-07-19T12:29:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eldoret Kaskazini''' lilikuwa jimbo la uchaguzi nchini [[kenya]], moja kati ya matatu ya [[Wilaya ya Uasin Gishu]]. Eneo hili lilianzishwa kwa uchaguzi mkuu wa 1966. Mbunge wa sasa wa Jimbo hili ni [[William Ruto]], mwanasiasa maarufu nchini [[Kenya]]. ==Wabunge== {| class="wikitable" |- !Uchaguzi !Mbunge <ref>Kituo cha Mfumo wa vyama vingi: [http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf siasa na Wabunge wa Kenya, 1944-2007] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmd.or.ke/images/Politics%20and%20Paliamenterians%20in%20Kenya.pdf |date=20080228121210 }}</ref> !Chama !vidokezo |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1966|1966]] || [[Noah Chelugui]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1969|1969]] || [[William Morogo arap Saina]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1974|1974]] || [[Chelagat Mutai]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1979|1979]] || [[Chelagat Mutai]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja. Mutai Mutai alitorokea Tanzania mnamo 1981 <ref>Daily Nation, 22 Aprili. 2002: [http://www.nationaudio.com/elections/constituencyreviews/Constituencies_EldoretNorth6.html MP set for re-election history] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/elections/constituencyreviews/Constituencies_EldoretNorth6.html |date=20061115045833 }}</ref> |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1981|1981]] || [[Nicanor Kirmurgor arap Sirma]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Uchaguzi mdogo |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1983|1983]] || [[William Morogo arap Saina]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja. |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1988|1988]] || [[Reuben Chesire]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || Mfumo wa Chama Kimoja. |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1992|1992]] || [[William Morogo arap Saina]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || |- | [[Kenyan general election, 1997|1997]] || [[William Ruto]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || |- | [[Kenyan general election, 2002|2002]] || [[William Ruto]] || [[Kenya African National Union|KANU]] || |- | [[Kenyan general election, 2007|2007]] || [[William Ruto]] || [[Orange Democratic Movement|ODM]] || |} ==Wodi== {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="2"| '''Wodi za Uchaguzi''' |- |colspan="2"| |- !Wodi !Wapiga Kura waliosajiliwa ![[Local authorities of Kenya|Utawala wa eneo]] |- |Eldoret Kaskazini || 1,740 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Huruma || 13,525 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Kamagut || 5,836 || Wareng county |- |Kamukunji || 4,986 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Kapyemit || 7,206 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Kidiwa / Kapsuswa || 8,849 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Kiplombe || 6,733 || Wareng county |- |Kipsomba || 6,064 || Wareng county |- |Koisagat || 6,334 || Wareng county |- |[[Moi's Bridge]] || 9,974 || Wareng county |- |Ngenyilel || 7,096 || Wareng county |- |Soy || 5,226 || Wareng county |- |Stadium / Industrial || 5,120 || Munisipali ya [[Eldoret]] |- |Sugoi || 5,233 || Wareng county |- |Tapsagoi || 6,131 || Wareng county |- |Ziwa || 9,576 || Wareng county |- | '''Total''' || '''109,629''' |- |colspan="2"| {{smaller|*Septemba 2005 <ref>Electoral Commission of Kenya: [http://web.archive.org/web/20070929025048/http://www.agendaafrica.com/files/Voters.pdf Registered voters per polling station by electoral area/ward and constituency]</ref>. }} |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Majimbo ya Uchaguzi ya Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Uasin Gishu]] [[Jamii:Eldoret]] l7jvek9drbfruwohezfbs1i79nrctv3 0 35269 1580564 1516211 2026-07-19T14:47:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Justified | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Justin Timberlake]] | Cover = Jus.jpg | Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya Justified. | Imetolewa = {{Start date|2002|11|1|df=yes}} | Imerekodiwa = 17 Mei 2002 - 26 Agosti 2002 | Aina = [[muziki wa pop|pop]], [[R&B]] | Urefu = 63:17 | Lugha = [[Kiingereza]] | Studio = [[Jive Records|Jive]], [[Zomba Music Group|Zomba]] | Mtayarishaji = [[The Neptunes]], [[Timbaland]], [[Brian McKnight]], [[Claus Norreen]], [[The Underdogs (duo)|The Underdogs]], [[Scott Storch]] <small>(co-producer)</small> | Review = * [[Allmusic]] {{rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/justified-r610485 link] * [[Robert Christgau]] (A-) [http://robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=justin+timberlake link] * ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,384410,00.html link] * ''[[The Guardian]]'' {{rating|2|5}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2002/nov/01/popandrock.artsfeatures6 link] * ''[[NME]]'' (6/10) [http://www.nme.com/reviews/name/6813 link] * ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/justintimberlake/albums/album/104698/review/6068220/justified link] * [[Slant Magazine|Slant]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=230 link] * [[Sputnikmusic]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=3038 link] * [[Stylus Magazine|Stylus]] (B+) [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/justin-timberlake/justified.htm link] * ''[[The Village Voice|Village Voice]]'' (favorable) [http://www.villagevoice.com/2002-11-26/music/good-old-boys/http link] | Tarehe = | Albamu iliyopita = | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Justified'''''<br>(2002) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[FutureSex/LoveSounds]]''<br>(2006) | Misc = {{Singles |Jina = Justified |Type = Studio |Single 1 = [[Like I Love You]] |Single 1 tarehe = Agosti 2002 |Single 2 = [[Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)|Cry Me a River]] |Single 2 tarehe = 17 Desemba 2002 |Single 3 = [[Rock Your Body]] |Single 3 tarehe = Machi 2003 |Single 4 = [[Señorita (song)|Señorita]] |Single 4 tarehe = 2 Septemba 2003 }} }} '''''Justified''''' ni [[albamu]] ya kwanza kutoka kwa mwimbaji [[Justin Timberlake]]. Albamu hii inawahusisha wanamuziki wengine kama [[Timbaland]], [[Clipse]], [[Bubba Sparxxx]], na [[Janet Jackson]]. Albamu hii ilishinda tuzo mbili za ''Grammy Award'' kwenye sherehe ya [[46th Grammy Awards|2004 Grammy Awards]] mjini [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. Albamu hii iliuza zaidi ya nakala milioni tisa kote duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS216299+17-Apr-2008+MW20080417 |title=Reuters - IMG Signs Justin Timberlake for Worldwide Endorsement Representation |accessdate=2010-01-17 |archivedate=2009-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222072538/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS216299+17-Apr-2008+MW20080417 |=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222072538/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS216299+17-Apr-2008+MW20080417 }}</ref> Albamu hii ilishinda tuzo la ''Best International Album'' kwenye sherehe ya ''2004 Brit Awards''. ==Nyimbo zake== {{Track listing | collapsed = | headline = | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = | writing_credits = yes | lyrics_credits = | music_credits = | title1 = [[Señorita (song)|Señorita]] | writer1 = [[Chad Hugo]], [[Pharrell|Pharrell Williams]] | extra1 = [[The Neptunes]] | length1 = 4:54 | title2 = [[Like I Love You]] | note2 = featuring [[Clipse]] | writer2 = Hugo, Williams | extra2 = The Neptunes | length2 = 4:43 | title3 = (Oh No) What You Got | note3 = | writer3 = [[Timbaland|Tim Mosley]] | extra3 = Timbaland | length3 = 4:31 | title4 = Take It from Here | note4 = | writer4 = Hugo, Williams | extra4 = The Neptunes | length4 = 6:14 | title5 = [[Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)|Cry Me a River]] | note5 = featuring Timbaland | writer5 = Mosley, Storch | extra5 = Timbaland, [[Scott Storch]] | length5 = 4:48 | title6 = [[Rock Your Body]] | note6 = featuring [[Vanessa Marquez (singer)|Vanessa Marquez]] | writer6 = Hugo, Williams | extra6 = The Neptunes | length6 = 4:27 | title7 = Nothin' Else | note7 = | writer7 = Hugo, Williams | extra7 = The Neptunes | length7 = 4:59 | title8 = Last Night | note8 = | writer8 = Hugo, Williams | extra8 = The Neptunes | length8 = 4:47 | title9 = Still on My Brain | note9 = | writer9 = [[Harvey Mason, Jr.]], Damon Thomas | extra9 = [[The Underdogs (duo)|The Underdogs]] | length9 = 4:35 | title10 = (And She Said) Take Me Now | note10 = featuring [[Janet Jackson]] | writer10 = Mosley, Storch | extra10 = Timbaland, Scott Storch | length10 = 5:31 | title11 = Right for Me | note11 = featuring [[Bubba Sparxxx]] | writer11 = Mosley | extra11 = Timbaland | length11 = 4:30 | title12 = Let's Take a Ride | note12 = | writer12 = Hugo, Williams | extra12 = The Neptunes | length12 = 4:44 | title13 = Never Again | note13 = | writer13 = Brian McKnight | extra13 = [[Brian McKnight]] | length13 = 4:34 |}} {{Tracklist | collapsed = | headline = Bonus Tracks | extra_column = Producer(s) | total_length = | writing_credits = yes | lyrics_credits = | music_credits = | title14 = Worthy Of | note14 = [[Japan]], [[United Kingdom|U.K.]], [[Australia]] Bonus | writer14 = Ivan Barias, Carvin Haggins, Valvin Roane, Frank Romano | extra14 = | length14 = 4:09 | title15 = Take Away Your Love (Why, When, How?) | note15 = [[iTunes]] Bonus | writer15 = Anthony Dixon, Michael B James, Anthony Kelii Nance | extra15 = [[Dre & Vidal]] | length15 = 3:59 |}} ==Wafanyi kazi== * [[Marsha Ambrosius]] – Vocals (bckgr) * Damen Bennett – Flute * David Betancourt – Assistant Engineer * [[Bubba Sparxxx]] – Rap * [[Clipse]] – Rap * Andrew Coleman – Engineer * Vidal Davis – Percussion * Eddie DeLena – Engineer * Jimmy Douglass – Mixing * Nathan East – Bass * Omar Edwards – Keyboards * Serban Ghenea – Mixing * Larry Gold – Conductor, String Arrangements, String Conductor * Dabling Harward – Engineer * Chad Hugo – Producer, Instrumentation * Janet Jackson – Vocals * Paul James – Hair Stylist * Bernard Kenny – Guitar * Steve Klein – Photography * David Lipman – Creative Director * Vanessa Marquez – Vocals * Carlos "Storm" Martinez – Assistant Engineer * Harvey Mason, Jr. – Producer * Harvey Mason, Sr. – Producer * George "Spanky" McCurdy – Drums * Brian McKnight – Producer, Vocal Arrangement, Instrumentation * Bill Meyers – Conductor, String Arrangements * Steve Penny – Engineer * Dave Pensado – Mixing * Bill Pettaway – Guitar * Arianne Phillips – Stylist * Herb Powers – Mastering * Jimmy Randolph – Digital Editing, Pro-Tools * Tim Roberts – Assistant Engineer * Senator Jimmy D – Engineer * Mary Ann Souza – Assistant Engineer * Steamy – Assistant Engineer * Scott Storch – Clavinet, Producer, Coordination * Damon Thomas – Producer * Timothy Moseley – Vocals, Vocals (bckgr), Producer, Mixing * Justin Timberlake – Vocals (bckgr), Vocal Arrangement * Thaddeus T. Tribbett – Bass * Tye Tribbett & G.A. – Vocals (bckgr) * Charles Veal – Strings * Tommy Vicari – Engineer, String Engineer * Marla Weinhoff – Set Design * Pharrell Williams – Vocals, Producer, Vocal Arrangement, Instrumentation * Ethan Willoughby – Assistant Engineer * Chris Wood – Engineer * Benjamin Wright – Conductor, String Arrangements ==Chati== {|class="wikitable" |- !align="left"|Chati<ref>{{cite web | author=Hit Parade | title=European charts | publisher=hitparade.ch | year=2002 | url=http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?key=4296&cat=a | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> !align="left"|Namba !align="left"|Thibitisho !align="left"|Mauzo |- |align="left"|[[ARIA Charts|Australian ARIA Albums Chart]] |align="center"|9 |align="center"|3× platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=Australian Recording Industry Association | title=ARIA Charts — Accreditations | publisher=aria.com.au | year=2007 | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2007Albums.htm | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|210,000<ref>{{cite web | author=Australian Recording Industry Association | title=Criteria | publisher=aria.com.au | year= | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |- |align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart |align="center"|33 |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Austria | title=Austrian certification (search) | publisher=ifpi.at | date=28 Oktoba 2003 | url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archive-date=2008-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin | url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|15,000<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Austria | title=Criteria | publisher=ifpi.at | year= | url=http://www.ifpi.at/uploads/IFPI_Marktbericht_2004.pdf | accessdate=2008-08-15 | format=PDF | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706092952/http://www.ifpi.at/uploads/IFPI_Marktbericht_2004.pdf | archivedate=2011-07-06 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Belgian Walloon Albums Chart |align="center"|8 |align="center" rowspan="2"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Belgium | title=Belgian certification | publisher=ultratop.be | date=26 Julai 2003 | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/weekchart.asp?year=2003&date=20030726&cat=a | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center" rowspan="2"|25,000<ref name="riaj"/> |- |align="left"|Belgian Flemish Albums Chart |align="center"|10 |- |align="left"|[[Canadian Albums Chart]]<ref name="billboard"/> |align="center"|3 |align="center"|2× platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=Canadian Recording Industry Association | title=Canadian certification (search) | publisher=cria.ca | date=22 Julai 2003 | url=http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archivedate=2016-01-11 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111074458/http://www.cria.ca/cert_db_search.php }}</ref> |align="center"|200,000<ref>{{cite web | author=Canadian Recording Industry Association | title=Criteria | publisher=cria.ca | year= | url=http://www.cria.ca/cert.php | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124091223/http://www.cria.ca/cert.php | archivedate=2009-11-24 | =https://web.archive.org/web/20091124091223/http://www.cria.ca/cert.php }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Danish Albums Chart |align="center"|4 |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=NVPI | title=Danish certification | publisher=hitlisterne.dk | year=Week 40, 2003 | url=http://www.hitlisterne.dk/ | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|30,000<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Denmark | title=Criteria | publisher=ifpi.dk | year=2003 | url=http://www.ifpi.dk/index.php?pk_menu=13 | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |- |align="left"|[[Megacharts|Dutch Albums Chart]] |align="center"|4 |align="center"|2× platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=NVPI | title=Dutch certification (search) | publisher=nvpi.nl | year=2003 | url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216171246/http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 | archivedate=2006-02-16 }}</ref> |align="center"|160,000<ref name="riaj">{{cite web | author=Recording Industry Association of Japan | title=Standard for Certifying Awards of Countries | publisher=riaj.or.jp | year=2005 | url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/issue/pdf/RIAJ2005E.pdf | accessdate=2008-08-15 | format=PDF | archive-date=2012-02-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214002411/http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/issue/pdf/RIAJ2005E.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|[[European Top 100 Albums]] |align="center"|n/a |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry | title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards | publisher=ifpi.org | year=2003 | url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2003.html | accessdate=2008-08-15 | =https://web.archive.org/web/20071019035223/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2003.html | archivedate=2010-02-11 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211191352/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2003.html }}</ref> |align="center"|1 million<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry | title=Criteria | publisher=ifpi.org | year= | url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archivedate=2014-01-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120115717/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20140120115717/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart |align="center"|7 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart |align="center"|30 |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | author=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique | title=French certification | publisher=disqueenfrance.com | date=19 Novemba 2003 | url=http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?suite=6&forme_certif=8&annee=20 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222061341/http://www.disqueenfrance.com/certifications/album.asp?suite=6&forme_certif=8&annee=20 | archivedate=2008-12-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|210,500<ref>{{cite web | title=French sales | publisher=fanofmusic.free.fr | year=2005 | url=http://fanofmusic.free.fr/ParcoursAlbum-M.php | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |- |align="left"|[[Media Control Charts|German Albums Chart]]<ref>{{cite web | title=German Albums Chart (Search) | publisher=charts-surfer.de | year=2002 | url=http://www.charts-surfer.de/ | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|11 |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Germany | title=German certification | publisher=musikindustrie.de | year=2003 | url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Justified | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|300,000<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry | title=Criteria | publisher=musikindustrie.de | year=2002 | url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/uploads/media/TT-Formular_blanko_02.pdf | accessdate=2008-08-15|format=PDF}}</ref> |- |align="left"|[[Mahasz|Hungarian Albums Chart]] |align="center"|36 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|[[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|Italian Albums Chart]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Italian Albums Chart (Search) | publisher=charts-surfer.de | year=2002 | url=http://www.charts.us/ | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archive-date=2009-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006024738/http://www.charts.us/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|47 |align="center"| |- |align="left"|[[RIANZ|New Zealand RIANZ Albums Chart]] |align="center"|5 |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=Recording Industry Association of New Zealand | title=New Zealand certification (search) | publisher=rianz.org.nz | date=30 Novemba 2003 | url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp | archivedate=2007-06-21 | =https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref> |align="center"|15,000<ref>{{cite web | author=Recording Industry Association of New Zealand | title=Criteria | publisher=rianz.org.nz | year= | url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/print-ChartInfo.asp?id=118 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014112916/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/print-ChartInfo.asp?id=118 | archivedate=2008-10-14 | =https://web.archive.org/web/20081014112916/http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/print-ChartInfo.asp?id=118 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart |align="center"|9 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart |align="center"|21 |align="center"|Gold |align="center"|20,000<ref>{{cite web | author=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry — Sweden | title=Criteria | publisher=ifpi.se | year= | url=http://www.ifpi.se/?page_id=67 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120527032307/http://www.ifpi.se/?page_id=67 | archivedate=2012-05-27 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart |align="center"|22 |align="center"|Platinum<ref name="switzerland">{{cite web | author=HitParade | title=Swiss certification | publisher=hitparade.ch | year=2003 | url=http://hitparade.ch/awards.asp?year=2003 | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|40,000<ref name="switzerland"/> |- |align="left"|[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{cite web | author=Every Hit | title=UK Albums Chart | publisher=everyhit.com | month=Januari | year=2003 | url=http://www.everyhit.com/ | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center"|1 |align="center"|5× platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=British Phonographic Industry | title=U.K. certification | publisher=bpi.co.uk | date=21 Novemba 2003 | url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=31228 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archivedate=2008-02-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220133205/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumRight.asp?rq=search_plat }}</ref> |align="center"|1.8 million<ref>{{cite web | author=Bill Harris | title=Queen rules - in album sales | publisher=Toronto Sun | year= | url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/Q/Queen/2006/11/17/2391437.html | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |- |align="left"|U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name="billboard">{{cite web | title=Billboard charts | publisher=Allmusic | year=2002 | url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121210050753/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537%23/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537 | archivedate=2012-12-10 }}</ref> |align="center" rowspan="2"|2 |align="center" rowspan="2"|4× platinum<ref>{{cite web | author=Recording Industry Association of America | title=U.S. certification (search) | publisher=riaa.com | date=5 Agosti 2003 | url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH | accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref> |align="center" rowspan="2"|4.5 million<ref name="soundscan">{{cite web | author=Keith Caulfield | title=Born 'Sexy' | publisher=Billboard magazine | date=11 Septemba 2006 | url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537 | accessdate=2008-08-15 | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121210050753/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537%23/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003120537 | archivedate=2012-12-10 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|U.S. [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name="billboard"/> |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:albamu za 2002]] s2ufxp6tocf6fk8j8v1g5jeth6vyqbb 0 40196 1580565 896273 2026-07-19T14:51:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580565 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Järfälla vapen.svg|thumb|175px|''Nembo ya Järfälla]] [[Picha:Järfälla Municipality in Stockholm County.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Järfälla''' ni manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]].Kuna wakazi 62,342 (mwaka 2005). == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 63.39 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Järfälla kyrka Sakristian.jpg |''Kanisa la Järfälla'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.jarfalla.se www.jarfalla.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jarfalla.se/ |date=20210502043827 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 60swwvev2yenx8oib2cztgxta0yd2ij 0 40342 1580567 896189 2026-07-19T15:04:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580567 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Storgatan, Kalmar.jpg|thumb|250px|''Barabara kuu katika Kalmar]] [[Picha:Kalmar in Sweden.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Kalmar''' ni mji nchini [[Uswidi]].Kuna wakazi 35,170 (mwaka 2005). Mji ulianzishwa [[1100]]. Katika karne ya kati ilikuwa mji uliostawi kutokana na biashara kwenye [[Bahari Baltiki]]. Kalmar ilishirikiana na shirikisho la kibiashara la [[Hanse]]. Mwaka 1397 wawakilishi wa falme 3 za [[Skandinavia]] yaani [[Denmark]], [[Norwei]] na Uswidi walikutana mjini na kupatana [[Umoja wa Kalmar]] uliowaunganisha kwa karne zijazo kisiasa. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 18.85 [[km²]]. Iko kando ya [[Bahari ya Baltiki]]. <gallery> Picha:Kalmar slott.jpg |''Boma la Kalmar'' Picha:KalmarBridge.JPG |''Daraja la Öland'' Picha:Kalmarer Dom aussen.jpg |''Kanisa la Kalmar'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.kalmar.se/ www.kalmar.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kalmar.se/ |date=20100525130947 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 7s4ern42l11tacjwmq6l9nz06yjdtfu 0 42447 1580618 897001 2026-07-19T21:48:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lerums busstation, den 21 juni 2006.JPG|thumb|200px| ''Lerum'']] [[Picha:Lerum kommun.png|thumb|200px|]] '''Lerum''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 15,819 (mwaka 2005). == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 13.98 [[km²]]. Umbali na Jiji la [[Göteborg]] ni 20&nbsp;km. <gallery> Picha:En gammal stenbro över Säveån, vid Brobacken i Lerum, den 21 juni 2006.JPG| ''Daraja ya mawa katika Lerum'' Picha:Lerums kommunhus, den 21 juni 2006.JPG|Nyumba ya manispaa'' Picha:Lerums järnvägsstation, den 21 juni 2006.JPG| ''Kituo cha gari'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.lerum.se www.lerum.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lerum.se/ |date=20170503131459 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] aohjowzdngyxn89wf7nhi3lszf54ud6 0 54252 1580572 899107 2026-07-19T15:58:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Katrineholm Bibliothek.jpg|thumb|200px|''Katrineholm'']] [[Picha:Katrineholm kommun.png|thumb|200px|]] '''Katrineholm''' ni manispaa na pia mji nchini [[Uswidi]] katika mkoa wa [[Södermanland]]. Kuna wakazi 21,386 (mwaka 2005). == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 11.09 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Katrineholm Polizei.jpg|''Korokoroni katika Katrineholm'' Picha:Katrineholm Jugendherberge.jpg| ''Hosteli'' Picha:Katrineholm alte Schule.jpg| ''Shule la Katrineholm'' </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.katrineholm.se www.katrineholm.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.katrineholm.se/ |date=20100515001221 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] ntuyzocwq5pqbouzy2ly7p6yi1c9n4f 0 55326 1580613 952491 2026-07-19T20:51:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Kävlinge panorama.jpg|thumb|300px|''Kävlinge'']] [[Picha:Kävlinge Municipality in Scania County.png|thumb|180px|]] '''Kävlinge''' ni mji na manispaa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 8,550 (mwaka 2005).. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 4.56 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Kävlinge stationshus 2.jpg|''Ukumbi wa Kävlinge'' Picha:Barsebäckshamn 2.jpg|''Barsebäckshamn'' (Bandari ya Barsebäck katika manispaa ya Kävlinge) </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.kavlinge.se www.kavlinge.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kavlinge.se/ |date=20020120174808 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 219rl3z0da5i9i58bg21hd6smtzqvyv 0 56846 1580600 926659 2026-07-19T18:58:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kiruna.jpg|thumb|350px|Kiruna]] [[Picha:Kiruna in Sweden.png |thumb|250px|]] '''Kiruna''' (kisami ya kaskazini: ''Giron''; Kifini: ''Kiiruna'') ni mji na manispaa ya kaskazini kabisa nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kuna wakazi 18,154 (mwaka 2005). Kiruna ni mji ulioanzishwa 1899 kama kituo cha [[migodi]] ya kuchimba [[chuma]]. Mwaka uleule njia ya [[reli]] ilikamilishwa hadi mahali pa mji mpya iliyokuwa lazima kwa kubeba madini ya chuma. Mji uko katikati ya milima miwili yenye asilimia kubwa ya madini ya chuma. Uchimbaji chuma umeshamaliza akiba juu ya uso wa ardhi na kuendelea chini ya ardhi. Kwa sababu hiyo mji uliojengwa juu ya madini utahamishwa umbali wa kilomita 5 ili kuwezesha kuchimbwa chini ya mji wa sasa. == Jiografia == Eneo lake ni 15.95 [[km²]]. <gallery> Picha:Kiruna-sentrum.jpg |Lindesberg mnamo mwaka wa 1690 </gallery> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.kiruna.se/ www.kiruna.se] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kiruna.se/ |date=20061214015503 }} {{Mbegu-jio-Uswidi}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uswidi]] 33cczpiqatwa1ef2890jlm0q4siofqf 0 72436 1580705 1340643 2026-07-20T10:14:44Z ~2026-40790-35 91059 1580705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wasimbiti''' ni [[kabila]] la [[Tanzania]] [[kaskazini]], jamii ya [[Wakurya]], pia wanapakana na [[Waluo|Wajaluo]]. Wanaishi kando ya [[Ziwa Viktoria]] katika [[wilaya ya Rorya]] karibu na mpaka wa [[Kenya]] na wa [[wilaya ya Musoma mjini]]. [[Mto Mara]] unakata [[Kijiji|vijiji]] kama vile Kirumi, Kuruya, Mbatamo, Kinesi, Nyamaguku au Iryenyi. Wanaongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kisimbiti]]. Wasimbiti wenyewe wanakadiriwa kuwa watu 33,000 hivi, pamoja na vikundi walio karibu na kuelewana nao kilugha kama vile [[Wahacha]], [[Wakine]], [[Wakiroba]], [[Wasurwa]] na [[Wasweta]] wako zaidi ya [[laki]] 1. [[Ndugu]] yao upande wa Kenya wanaitwa [[Wasuba]]. ==Uchumi== [[Uchumi]] wao unategemea [[uvuvi]], [[ufugaji]] na wengine ni [[mkulima|wakulima]] pia. [[Zao|Mazao]] wanayolima ni [[mhogo|mihogo]], [[mahindi]], [[Kiazi Kitamu|viazi vitamu]], [[mtama]], [[mlezi]] n.k. Pia ni wawindaji. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.thetask.net/mara/the-suba-simbiti Kuhusu Wasimbiti] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thetask.net/mara/the-suba-simbiti |date=20160307141653 }} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simbiti}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Rorya]] [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] bjwfxucv9gwz9zbeaca4770ho294fp2 1580706 1580705 2026-07-20T10:19:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1580706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wasimbiti''' ni [[kabila]] la [[Tanzania]] [[kaskazini]], jamii ya [[Wakurya]], pia wanapakana na [[Waluo|Wajaluo]]. Wanaishi kando ya [[Ziwa Viktoria]] katika [[wilaya ya Rorya]] karibu na mpaka wa [[Kenya]] na wa [[wilaya ya Musoma mjini]]. [[Mto Mara]] unakata [[Kijiji|vijiji]] kama vile Kirumi, Kuruya, Mbatamo, Kinesi, Nyamaguku au Iryenyi. Wanaongea [[lugha]] ya [[Kisimbiti]]. Wasimbiti wenyewe wanakadiriwa kuwa watu 33,000 hivi, pamoja na vikundi walio karibu na kuelewana nao kilugha kama vile [[Wahacha]], [[Wakine]], [[Wakiroba]], [[Wasurwa]] na [[Wasweta]] wako zaidi ya [[laki]] 1. [[Ndugu]] yao upande wa Kenya wanaitwa [[Wasuba]]. ==Uchumi== [[Uchumi]] wao unategemea [[uvuvi]], [[ufugaji]] na wengine ni [[mkulima|wakulima]] pia. [[Zao|Mazao]] wanayolima ni [[mhogo|mihogo]], [[mahindi]], [[Kiazi Kitamu|viazi vitamu]], [[mtama]], [[mlezi]] n.k. Pia ni wawindaji. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.thetask.net/mara/the-suba-simbiti Kuhusu Wasimbiti] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thetask.net/mara/the-suba-simbiti |date=20160307141653 }} {{makabila ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Simbiti}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Rorya]] [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] 1ffxrab67w3f62qu0zf584pnrp7wuyv 0 82593 1580640 969783 2026-07-20T03:50:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} {{MwakaKK|1901}} Makala hii inahusu [[mwaka]] '''1901 KK''' ([[kabla ya Kristo]]). ==Matukio== == Waliozaliwa == == Waliofariki == {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Karne ya 20 KK]] 2pprqzzl15krymfjxzhez0kx5dbd9ko 0 112012 1580634 1063667 2026-07-20T03:43:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' unapatikana katika [[wilaya ya Yumbe]], [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Uganda)|kaskazini]] mwa [[Uganda]]. [[Maji]] yake yanaishia katika [[mto Naili]] na hatimaye katika [[Bahari ya Kati]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya wilaya ya Yumbe]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org] {{mito ya Uganda}} {{mbegu-jio-Uganda}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Yumbe]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Uganda]] [[Jamii:Nile]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] k45uq4f1xg77sd8gvn12es1u5p1xqzs 0 127727 1580647 1580010 2026-07-20T05:03:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Meridian Bet Tanzania | bgcolor = <!-- header background color --> | fgcolor = <!-- header text color --> | image = | size = <!-- default 200px --> | alt = | caption = | abbreviation = | motto = | formation = 2017 | type = [[Kamari]] | status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> | purpose = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc --> | headquarters = [[Tanzania]] | coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --> | region_served = | membership = | language = <!-- official languages --> | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | leader_title5 = | leader_name5 = | patron = | main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --> | parent_organisation = ''Bit Tech Limited'' | budget = | num_staff = | num_volunteers= | website = http://www.meridianbet.co.tz | remarks = | former name = }} '''Meridian Bet Tanzania''' ni waendeshaji wa michezo ya kubahatisha nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kampuni hiyo ina leseni ya kuendesha michezo ya bahati nasibu katika sekta zote za ubashiri, ikiwa ni pamoja na maduka ya kubashiri<ref>[https://help.meridianbet.co.tz/en/category/674/page/3588 madukani]</ref> na ubashiri wa mtandaoni<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://meridianbet.co.tz/ |title=mtandaoni |accessdate=2020-07-24 |archivedate=2020-11-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101150908/https://meridianbet.co.tz/ }}</ref><ref name="gbt_sportsbetting">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gamingboard.go.tz/pages/sports-betting|title=Sports Betting — Licensed Operators|publisher=Gaming Board of Tanzania (GBT)|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en}}</ref>. Mpaka sasa, Meridian Bet inaendesha shughuli zake katika mikoa yote Tanzania.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bonasi ya 5% Unapojiunga na Meridian Bet Tanzania|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/meridianbet-inawajibika-kwa-jamii-afya-na-burudani-vinaenda-bega-kwa-bega/|accessdate=21 July 2020|publisher=globalpublishers.co.tz|date=}}</ref> ==Historia== Meridian Bet Tanzania ilianzishwa mwezi Juni mwaka 2017. Taasisi hii inamilikiwa na kampuni ya Bit Tech Limited, kampuni yenye leseni ya kufanya kazi katika Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania kwa usajili wa namba 135726 kutoka kwa Mamlaka ya Michezo ya Bahati Nasibu Tanzania.<ref name="gbt_sportsbetting" /> Kwa sasa kampuni ya Meridian Bet Tanzania inaendesha biashara zake katika miji takribani yote nchini Tanzania. == Muundo wa Kampuni na Umiliki == Meridian Bet Tanzania inafanya kazi chini ya chapa ya kimataifa ya Meridianbet Group, kampuni ya kubashiri michezo na kasino ya mtandaoni iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2001, ambayo kufikia mwaka 2026 ilikuwa ikifanya kazi katika zaidi ya majimbo/nchi 15 duniani ikiwa na maduka takribani 740 na wafanyakazi wapatao 1,200 kote ulimwenguni.<ref name="stocktitan_10k">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.stocktitan.net/sec-filings/GMGI/10-k-golden-matrix-group-inc-files-annual-report-75008f4ebb5a.html|title=Meridian Holdings (MRDN) 10-K: reverse split, MeridianBet integration and global betting footprint|publisher=StockTitan|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en}}</ref> Kampuni mama ya Meridianbet Group ni Meridian Holdings Inc. (zamani ikijulikana kama Golden Matrix Group, Inc.), kampuni inayouzwa hadharani katika soko la hisa la Nasdaq chini ya alama ya hisa "MRDN" tangu tarehe 3 Machi 2026, baada ya kubadili jina na kufanya mgawanyo wa hisa wa aina ya moja-kwa-kumi-na-mbili.<ref name="maltatoday_rebrand2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/business/tech/139985/golden_matrix_group_rebrands_to_meridian_holdings_inc|title=Golden Matrix group rebrands to Meridian Holdings Inc.|publisher=MaltaToday|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en}}</ref> == Mfumo wa biashara == Biashara kubwa ya Meridianbet Tanzania ni ya kuendesha biashara ya Kubashiri Michezo, lakini pia Kasino ya Mtandaoni na Sloti. Imepewa leseni kwa ajili ya Kubashiri kwa Njia ya Ujumbe Mfupi USSD kutoka kwa Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano Tanzania (TCRA).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kubeti Kwa Simu, Mpunga Kiganjani!|url=https://888starz.co.ke/en|work=Meridian Sport|date=2021-09-11|accessdate=2026-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911143439/https://meridianbetsport.co.tz/kubeti-kwa-simu-mpunga-kiganjani-2/|archivedate=2021-09-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Muongozo wa Kubashiri Afrika|url=https://africanbettingguide.com/meridianbet-tanzania/|accessdate=21 July 2020|publisher=africanbettingguide.com|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723003926/https://africanbettingguide.com/meridianbet-tanzania/|archivedate=2020-07-23}}</ref> == Washirika == Meridian Bet Tanzania ina washirika wengi wa kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Meridian Gaming ambao hufanya usambazaji wa programu za kubashiri michezo na kasino za mtandaoni kwenye maduka yake na vilevile kwenye mitandao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meridianbet Tanzania Review 2021: Is Meridian Bet TZ reliable?|url=http://www.tccia.co.tz/meridianbet/|work=How to Bet on Football: Predictions & Betting Tips - Tccia.co.tz|date=2020-02-03|accessdate=2021-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="maltatoday_rebrand">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/business/tech/139985/golden_matrix_group_rebrands_to_meridian_holdings_inc|title=Golden Matrix group rebrands to Meridian Holdings Inc.|publisher=MaltaToday|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en}}</ref> ==Bidhaa na Huduma== Meridian Bet Tanzania inafanya kazi katika maduka 100 ya kubetisha na vile vile katika tovuti yake ya mtandaoni. Lengo kuu la kampuni hii ni kujikita katika Kubashiri Michezo (kabla ya mechi kuanza na pale zinapokuwa zimeanza) na vile vile kutoa huduma zingine kama vile kasino na odds za mechi kadha wa kadha.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bonasi Kubwa ya TShs milioni 300 kutoka Meridian Bet Tanzania|url=https://soccerbet.co.tz/300-million-mega-jackpot|accessdate=21 July 2020|publisher=soccerbet.co.tz|date=|archivedate=2020-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723013002/https://soccerbet.co.tz/300-million-mega-jackpot/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Chegere |first=Martin J. |last2=Falco |first2=Paolo |last3=Nieddu |first3=Marco G. |last4=Pandolfi |first4=Lorenzo |last5=Stein |first5=Mattea |date=2025 |title=The Magic of the Game: Experimental Evidence on Sports Betting Behavior |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167268125004184 |journal=Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization |language=en |volume=240 |pages=107301 |doi=10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107301}}</ref> ===Ubashiri wa Mtandaoni=== Licha ya kuendesha michezo ya kubashiri kwa mtandao, Meridian Bet Tanzania pia inaendesha michezo ya kasino ya mtandaoni na aina zingine za michezo ya kubashiri ===Huduma Katika Maeneo Maalumu=== Meridianbet ina mfumo kamilifu wa suluhisho la ubashiri katika maeneo maalumu ya maduka. Hii inafanya kazi kama eneo lililoandaliwa maalumu kwa ajili ya ubashiri salama katika maduka, huku kukiwa na mfumo salama wa uendeshaji, uongozi, ripoti na masuala ya kodi. == Programu ya Apple Watch == Meridian Bet ni waendeshaji wa michezo ya kubashiri wa kwanza kuwapa wateja wake huduma ya programu ya Apple Watch. Programu hii inawasaidia watumiaji kufahamu matokeo moja kwa moja, na kupata taarifa na kufurahia ubashiri moja kwa moja. Apple Watch imeunganishwa moja kwa moja na mfumo wa kampuni wa iOS.<ref name="appstore_meridianbet">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apps.apple.com/tz/app/meridianbet-tanzania/id1202653537|title=Meridianbet Tanzania on the App Store|publisher=Apple App Store|accessdate=2026-07-17|language=en}}</ref> == Sera za Ubashiri == Meridian Bet Tanzania ina sera makini za kubashiri kistaarabu ambazo zinatokana na misimamo tajwa hapa chini; * Kulinda dhidi ya uraibu wa michezo ya kubashiri * Kulinda watoto dhidi ya shughuli za ubashiri *Usalama wa wachezaji na makundi maalumu *Usalama wa mchezo ==Huduma kwa Jamii== Kama Kampuni, Meridianbet Tanzania inaamini katika kusaidia na kuinua makundi mabalimbali nchini yenye uhitaji, na wamekuwa wakifanya hivyo. Katika kipindi cha janga la virusi vya korona, Meridianbet iliendelea kushirikiana jamii na kutoa faraja wa makundi maalumu. Meridianbet Tazania imekuwa ikitoa misaada kwa kaya za vijijini<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MERIDIAN BET YAENDELEA KUTOA MSAADA KWA JAMII, WAOMBWA KUSAIDIA WALIO VIJIJINI - MTAA KWA MTAA BLOG|url=https://www.mtaakwamtaa.co.tz/2021/01/meridian-bet-yaendelea-kutoa-msaada-kwa.html|work=www.mtaakwamtaa.co.tz|accessdate=2021-09-11}}</ref>, wagonjwa mabilimbali<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meridian Bet yatoa msaada wa vifaa tiba kwa Wanaougua uti wa mgongo nchini|url=http://michuzijr.blogspot.com/2021/03/meridian-bet-yatoa-msaada-wa-vifaa-tiba.html|work=JIACHIE|accessdate=2021-09-11|author=Michuzi Blog}}</ref>, hostpitali<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meridianbet Yamwaga Misaada Ocean Road Hospital (Picha +Video) - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/meridianbet-yamwaga-misaada-ocean-road-hospital-picha-video/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2021-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hospitali Ya Temeke Kuwa Na Vyumba Sita Vya Upasuaji - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/hospitali-ya-temeke-kuwa-na-vyumba-sita-vya-upasuaji/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2021-09-11}}</ref>, waathirika wa madawa ya kulevya na makundi mengine muhimu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Waathirika Dawa za Kulevya Waomba Elimu, Wapokea Msaada wa Meridian Bet - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/waathirika-dawa-za-kulevya-waomba-elimu-wakipokea-msaada-wa-meridian-bet/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2021-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wenye Ualbino Watamani Kujiajiri - Global Publishers|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/wenye-ualbino-watamani-kujiajiri/|work=globalpublishers.co.tz|accessdate=2021-09-11}}</ref>. Kampuni pia imekuwa ikiwasaidia wafanyakazi wake katika kuboresha maisha yao na maisha ya familia zao. == Ukuaji Kimataifa == Meridianbet imekuwa na rekodi nzuri ya kujitanua zaidi kuyafikia maeneo mapya moja kwa moja au kwa uwakilishi kupitia mfumo wake wa biashara. Meridianbet inatazama fursa za kufanya kazi na nchi zenye uthibiti na pale ambapo fursa za kutokuwepo udhibiti zinatokea. ==Soma pia== * [[Kamari]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Kiungo cha nje== * [http://www.meridianbet.co.tz/ Meridian Bet Tanzania tovuti] {{Wayback|url=http://www.meridianbet.co.tz/ |date=20201101150908 }} [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] 0e44y2u8okk1p694e31i79mkpdqot26 0 134353 1580614 1517721 2026-07-19T20:58:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:"La llorona" de mandera.JPG|thumb|Sanamu kwenye kisiwa cha La Llorona huko Xochimilco, Mexico, 2015]] '''La Llorona''' ([[matamshi]] ya [[Kihispania]]: [la ʝoˈɾona]; "The Weeping Woman" au "The Wailer") katika [[ngano]] za [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]], ni mzuka ambaye huzurura maeneo ya pembezoni mwa [[maji]] akiomboleza [[Mtoto|watoto]] wake waliozama.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mexico's legend of La Llorona continues to terrify|url=https://www.sfgate.com/mexico/mexicomix/article/Mexico-s-legend-of-La-Llorona-continues-to-3933072.php|work=SFGATE|date=2012-10-10|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US|author=Christine Delsol}}</ref> [[Hadithi]] hiyo ina maelezo na matoleo anuwai. Katika toleo la kawaida la hadithi hiyo, [[mwanamke]] mzuri anayeitwa Maria anaolewa na ranchero tajiri ambaye anazaa naye watoto wawili. Siku moja, Maria anamwona [[Mume|mumewe]] akiwa na mwanamke mwingine na akiwa na [[hasira]] kali, anawazamisha watoto wao kwenye mto, ambao anajuta mara moja. Kwa sababu ya kuwaokoa na kulawa na hatia, yeye huzama pia lakini hawezi kuingia maisha ya baadaye bila watoto wake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mexico's legend of La Llorona continues to terrify|url=https://www.sfgate.com/mexico/mexicomix/article/Mexico-s-legend-of-La-Llorona-continues-to-3933072.php|work=SFGATE|date=2012-10-10|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US|author=Christine Delsol}}</ref> Katika toleo lingine la hadithi, watoto wake ni haramu, na yeye huwazamisha ili baba yao asiweze kuwachukua kwenda kulelewa na mkewe. Mandhari ya mara kwa mara katika tofauti juu ya hadithi ya La Llorona ni pamoja na nguo nyeupe, kuomboleza usiku, na ushirika na maji.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Carbonell|first=Ana María|date=1999|title=From Llorona to Gritona: Coatlicue in Feminist Tales by Viramontes and Cisneros|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/467699|journal=MELUS|volume=24|issue=2|pages=53–74|doi=10.2307/467699|issn=0163-755X}}</ref> == Asili == Hadithi ya La Llorona inasimuliwa kijadi kote [[Puerto Rico]], Mexico, [[Amerika ya Kati]] na ya Kusini.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37925478|title=Encyclopedia of Mexico : history, society & culture|date=1997|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|others=Michael S. Werner|isbn=1-884964-31-1|location=Chicago|oclc=37925478}}</ref> La Llorona wakati mwingine inachanganywa na La Malinche,<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://www.digitaliapublishing.com/a/23234|title=Feminism, nation and myth: La Malinche|last=Romero|first=Rolando|last2=Harris|first2=Amanda Nolacea|date=2005|publisher=Arte Público Press|isbn=978-1-61192-042-0|location=Houston, Tex.|oclc=607766319}}</ref> mwanamke wa Nahua ambaye aliwahi kuwa mkalimani wa Hernán Cortés na pia akamzaa mtoto wa kiume.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGr16-CxpH8C|title=Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power|last=Hanson|first=Victor Davis|date=2007-12-18|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-42518-8|language=en}}</ref> La Malinche inachukuliwa kama mama wa watu wa kisasa wa Mexico na ishara ya uhaini wa kitaifa kwa jukumu lake katika kusaidia Uhispania.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23693940|title=La Malinche in Mexican literature from history to myth|last=Cypess|first=Sandra Messinger|date=1991|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=0-292-75131-1|edition=1st ed|location=Austin|oclc=23693940}}</ref> Hadithi za kilio cha kike cha kulia ni kawaida katika ngano za tamaduni zote za Iberia na Amerindian. Wasomi wameelezea kufanana kati ya La Llorona na Cihuacōātl ya hadithi za Waazteki,<ref name=":0" /> na vile vile Hawa na Lilith wa hadithi za Kiebrania.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/808126210|title=Days of death, days of life : ritual in the popular culture of Oaxaca|last=Norget|first=Kristin|date=2006|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51014-1|location=New York|oclc=808126210}}</ref> Uchunguzi wa Mwandishi Ben Radford juu ya hadithi ya La Llorona, iliyochapishwa katika Mysterious New Mexico, iligundua vitu vya kawaida vya hadithi katika hadithi ya Wajerumani iliyoanzia 1486.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/879552737|title=Mysterious New Mexico : miracles, magic, and monsters in the land of enchantment|last=Radford|first=Benjamin|date=2014|isbn=978-0-8263-5450-1|edition=First edition|location=Albuquerque|oclc=879552737}}</ref> La Llorona pia inafanana na hadithi ya zamani ya Uigiriki ya mungu wa kike Lamia, ambayo Hera, mke wa Zeus, aligundua juu ya uhusiano wake na Lamia na kuua watoto wote ambao Lamia alikuwa na Zeus. Kwa sababu ya wivu juu ya kupoteza watoto wake mwenyewe, Lamia aua watoto wengine wa wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/folkloreinallofu0000unse|title=Folklore : in all of us, in all we do|date=2006|publisher=Denton, Tex. : University of North Texas Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-57441-223-9}}</ref> Wakati mizizi ya hadithi ya La Llorona inaonekana kuwa ya kabla ya Wahispania,<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://www.digitaliapublishing.com/a/23234|title=Feminism, nation and myth: La Malinche|last=Romero|first=Rolando|last2=Harris|first2=Amanda Nolacea|date=2005|publisher=Arte Público Press|isbn=978-1-61192-042-0|location=Houston, Tex.|oclc=607766319}}</ref> kumbukumbu ya mwanzo iliyochapishwa kwa hadithi hiyo ni soneti ya karne ya 19 na mshairi wa Mexico Manuel Carpio.<ref name=":0" /> Shairi hilo haliongelei mauaji ya watoto wachanga, badala yake La Llorona imetambuliwa kama mzuka wa mwanamke aliyeitwa Rosalia ambaye aliuawa na mumewe.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011682546|title=Poesias del Sr. Dr. Don Manuel Carpio con su biografia escrita|last=Carpio|first=Manuel|last2=Couto|first2=José Bernardo|date=1876|publisher=La Enseñanza|location=Mexico}}</ref> == Kwanda kanda == === Ndani ya Mexiko=== Hadithi ya La Llorona imejikita sana katika tamaduni maarufu ya [[Mexiko]], hadithi yake iliwaambia watoto wahimize wasitangatanga baada ya giza, na roho yake mara nyingi huibuka katika kazi za sanaa,<ref>{{Citation|last=Ibarra|first=Enrique Ajuria|title=Ghosting the Nation: La Llorona, Popular Culture, and the Spectral Anxiety of Mexican Identity|date=2014|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137406644_8|work=The Gothic and the Everyday: Living Gothic|pages=131–151|editor-last=Piatti-Farnell|editor-first=Lorna|series=The Palgrave Gothic Series|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137406644_8|isbn=978-1-137-40664-4|access-date=2021-04-07|editor2-last=Beville|editor2-first=Maria}}</ref> kama ile ya Alejandro Colunga.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSred4NyOKoC|title=Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History|last=Coerver|first=Don M.|last2=Pasztor|first2=Suzanne B.|last3=Buffington|first3=Robert|date=2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-132-8|language=en}}</ref> "La Cihuacoatle, Leyenda de la Llorona" ni maonyesho ya maonyesho ya kila mwaka ya hadithi ya La Llorona iliyowekwa katika mkoa wa Xochimilco wa Mexico City,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mysterious tales behind La Llorona, Island of the Dolls in Mexico City|url=https://www.ksat.com/entertainment/2019/10/31/mysterious-tales-behind-la-llorona-island-of-the-dolls-in-mexico-city/|work=KSAT|date=2019-11-01|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en|author=R. J. Marquez}}</ref> iliyoanzishwa mnamo 1993 ili sanjari na Siku ya Wafu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Mexico's Most Sorrowful Spirit Became a Cultural Phenomenon|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-weeping-woman-in-mexico|work=Atlas Obscura|date=2019-10-30|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en|author=Winnie Lee}}</ref> === Nchini Marekani === Katika Amerika Kusini Magharibi, hadithi ya La Llorona inaambiwa kuwaogopesha watoto kuwa na tabia njema,<ref>Leddy, Betty (1988). "[https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/624782/pmas_01_9_16.pdf?sequence=1 La Llorona in Southern Arizona] {{Wayback|url=https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/624782/pmas_01_9_16.pdf?sequence=1 |date=20241201002248 }}" (PDF). ''Perspectives in Mexican American Studies''. '''q''': 9–16.</ref> wakati mwingine haswa kuzuia watoto kucheza karibu na maji hatari.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Raheem|first=N.|last2=Archambault|first2=S.|last3=Arellano|first3=E.|last4=Gonzales|first4=M.|last5=Kopp|first5=D.|last6=Rivera|first6=J.|last7=Guldan|first7=S.|last8=Boykin|first8=K.|last9=Oldham|first9=C.|date=2015|title=A framework for assessing ecosystem services in acequia irrigation communities of the Upper Río Grande watershed|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wat2.1091|journal=WIREs Water|language=en|volume=2|issue=5|pages=559–575|doi=10.1002/wat2.1091|issn=2049-1948}}</ref> Pia waliambiwa ni kwamba kilio chake husikika wakati anatembea kuzunguka barabara au karibu na miili ya maji ili kuogopesha watoto kutoka kuzurura, kama hadithi za El Cucuy. Katika hadithi ya Chumash asili ya Kusini mwa California, La Llorona imeunganishwa na nunašɨš, kiumbe wa hadithi na kilio kama hicho cha mtoto mchanga.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2lC7XcLrzoC|title=December's Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Narratives|last=Blackburn|first=Thomas C.|date=1975|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02930-9|language=en}}</ref> === Ndani ya Venezuela === Katika ngano za [[Venezuela]], hadithi ya La Llorona imewekwa katika Llanos ya Venezuela wakati wa kipindi cha ukoloni. La Llorona inasemekana kuwa roho ya mwanamke aliyekufa kwa huzuni baada ya watoto wake kuuawa na yeye au familia yake.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=pK3wlzarBjgC&dq=la+llorona+venezuela&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Diccionario de fantasmas, misterios y leyendas de Venezuela|last=Franco|first=Mercedes|date=2007|publisher=El Nacional|isbn=978-980-388-390-4|language=es}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdh52tIpY9UC&q=sayona&pg=PA36|title=Culture and Customs of Venezuela|last=Dinneen|first=Mark|date=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-30639-6|language=en}}</ref> Kwa kawaida familia ziliweka misalaba ya mbao juu ya milango yao ili kuepusha mizimu hiyo.<ref name=":1" /> == Katika tamaduni maarufu == === Filamu === [[Picha:Llorona.jpg|thumb|Mwigizaji anayewakilisha La Llorona katika filamu ya The Mexican Dream, 2003]] Hadithi ya La Llorona ilitokea kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye filamu mnamo 1935's La Llorona, iliyoonyeshwa huko Mexico.<ref>{{Citation|last=Peón|first=Ramón|title=La llorona|date=1935-07-19|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024266/|others=Ramón Pereda, Virginia Zurí, Carlos Orellana, Adriana Lamar|publisher=Eco Films|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> Sinema ya René Cardona ya 1960 La Llorona pia alipigwa risasi huko Mexico,<ref>{{Citation|last=Cardona|first=René|title=La Llorona|date=1960-11-17|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051874/|others=María Elena Marqués, Eduardo Fajardo, Luz María Aguilar, Carlos López Moctezuma|publisher=Producciones Bueno|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> kama ilivyokuwa filamu ya kutisha ya 1963, ''The Curse of the Crying Woman'' iliyoongozwa na Rafael Baledón.<ref>{{Citation|last=Baledón|first=Rafael|title=La maldición de la Llorona|date=1963-08-15|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055128/|others=Rosita Arenas, Abel Salazar, Rita Macedo, Carlos López Moctezuma|publisher=Cinematográfica ABSA|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> Filamu ya kutisha ya Mexico ya Kilometer 31<ref>{{Citation|title=Km 31-2 (2016)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/km_31|language=en|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> ya 2008 imeongozwa na hadithi ya La Llorona.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100621230341/http://filmeweb.net/magazine.asp?id=423</ref> Kwa kuongezea, miaka ya mapema ya 2000 iliona sinema ya bajeti ya chini kulingana na La Llorona, pamoja na: * Mto: Hadithi ya La Llorona.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Terrence|title=The River: Legend of La Llorona|date=2006-04-18|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0804525/|others=Will Morales, Mary Sanchez, Denise Gossett, Joel Bryant|publisher=Cinema Threat Productions|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> * Kisasi cha La Llorona.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.amazon.com/Revenge-Llorona-Mary-Sanchez/dp/B0014F6QBC|work=www.amazon.com|accessdate=2021-04-07}}</ref> * Laana ya La Llorona.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Terrence|title=Curse of La Llorona|date=2007-03-27|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1018705/|others=Joel Bryant, Regan Forston, Elizabeth Osbourn, Antonio Royuela|publisher=Cinema Threat Productions|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> La Llorona ndiye mpinzani mkuu katika sinema ya J-ok'el ya 2007.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Benjamin|title=J-ok'el|date=2007-03-02|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0874292/|others=Tom Parker, Ana Patricia Rojo, Dee Wallace, Jesús Ochoa|publisher=Out of Light Entertainment|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> Katika filamu ya vibonzo ya Mexico ya 2011 La Leyenda de la Llorona, anaonyeshwa kama mhusika mwenye huruma, ambaye watoto wake hufa katika ajali badala ya mikononi mwa mama yao.<ref>{{Citation|title=‎La Leyenda de la Llorona on iTunes|url=https://itunes.apple.com/mx/movie/la-leyenda-de-la-llorona/id593805874?l=en|language=es-mx|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> Mnamo Julai 2019, James Wan, Gary Dauberman na Emilie Gladstone walitengeneza filamu iliyoitwa Laana ya La Llorona. Filamu hiyo ni sehemu ya sita katika Ulimwengu wa Conjuring, iliyotengenezwa na New Line Cinema na Warner Bros Picha. Filamu hiyo iliongozwa na Michael Chaves na nyota Linda Cardellini, Raymond Cruz, Patricia Velasquez na Marisol Ramirez, ambaye anaonyesha mzuka huo.<ref>{{Citation|last=Chaves|first=Michael|title=The Curse of La Llorona|date=2019-04-11|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4913966/|others=Linda Cardellini, Raymond Cruz, Patricia Velasquez, Marisol Ramirez|publisher=New Line Cinema, Atomic Monster|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> Pia mnamo [[2019]], Jayro Bustamante aliongoza filamu ya Guatemala La Llorona, akicheza na María Mercedes Coroy, ambayo ilionyeshwa katika sehemu ya Kisasa ya Sinema ya Ulimwengu kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la 2019 Toronto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Toronto Adds ‘The Aeronauts,’ ‘Mosul,’ ‘Seberg,’ & More To Festival Slate|url=https://deadline.com/2019/08/toronto-film-festival-the-aeronauts-mosul-seberg-kristen-stewart-ore-to-festival-slate-1202667020/|work=Deadline|date=2019-08-13|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US|author=Mike Fleming Jr, Mike Fleming Jr}}</ref> === Ukumbi wa michezo === Mwandishi wa tamthilia wa Mexico, Josefina López aliandika "Roho zisizoshindwa",<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.dramaticpublishing.com/media/pdf/excerpts/exUnconqueredSpiritsU22.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101408/https://www.dramaticpublishing.com/media/pdf/excerpts/exUnconqueredSpiritsU22.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ambayo hutumia hadithi ya La Llorona kama kifaa cha njama. Mchezo ulionyeshwa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Theatre ya Northridge mnamo 1995.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Tears of Oppression : Josefina Lopez bases her play, 'Unconquered Spirits,' on the 'Crying Woman' legend. But in the end, her characters' fighting spirit prevails.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-05-va-62782-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1995-05-05|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US|author=Facebook, Twitter, Show more sharing options, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn}}</ref> === Fasihi === Riwaya ya uwongo ya sayansi ya Nancy Farmer ya 2002, The House of Scorpion inajumuisha marejeleo ya La Llorona.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://alaarajilearninghub.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/1/1/88113240/house_of_the_scorpion_-_nancy_farmer_copy.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2020-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009114734/https://alaarajilearninghub.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/1/1/88113240/house_of_the_scorpion_-_nancy_farmer_copy.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hadithi ya La Llorona imejadiliwa katika kumbukumbu ya Jaquira Díaz ya 2019, Wasichana wa Kawaida: “Sehemu ya kutisha zaidi haikuwa kwamba La Llorona alikuwa mnyama, au kwamba alikuja wakati ulimwita jina lake mara tatu gizani, au kwamba angeweza kuingia chumbani kwako usiku na kukuchukua kutoka kitandani kwako kama vile angefanya watoto wake mwenyewe. Ilikuwa kwamba mara moja angekuwa mtu, mwanamke, mama. Na kisha kidogo, papo hapo, sekunde ya pili baadaye, alikuwa monster.”<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ordinary-girls-a-memoir/oclc/1090696817|title=Ordinary girls: a memoir|last=Díaz|first=Jaquira|date=2019|isbn=978-1-61620-913-1|language=English|oclc=1090696817}}</ref> === Muziki === "La Llorona" ni wimbo wa watu wa Mexico uliosifiwa na Andres Henestrosa mnamo 1941.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Andrés Henestrosa: el hombre que dispersó sus sombras - La Jornada|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2008/01/11/index.php?section=opinion&article=a05a1cul|work=www.jornada.com.mx|accessdate=2021-04-07}}</ref> Imekuwa ikifunikwa na wanamuziki anuwai, pamoja na Chavela Vargas,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Defiant singer was a cultural force in Mexico|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2012-aug-06-la-me-chavela-vargas-20120806-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2012-08-06|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US|author=Facebook, Twitter, Show more sharing options, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn}}</ref> Joan Baez,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030830/http://www.joanbaez.com/Discography/GALV.html</ref> na Lila Downs.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wise Latina|url=https://www.guernicamag.com/wise_latina/|work=Guernica|date=2009-10-01|accessdate=2021-04-07|language=en-US}}</ref> === Televisheni === La Llorona ni mpinzani katika kipindi cha majaribio cha 2005 cha safu ya Televisheni isiyo ya kawaida,<ref>{{Citation|last=Nutter|first=David|title=Pilot|date=2005-09-13|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0713618/?ref_=ttep_ep1|others=Jared Padalecki, Jensen Ackles, Sarah Shahi, Adrianne Palicki|publisher=Warner Bros. Television, Wonderland Sound and Vision|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> na katika kipindi cha msimu wa pili wa 2012 wa safu ya Runinga ya Grimm.<ref>{{Citation|last=Dale|first=Holly|title=La Llorona|date=2012-10-26|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2427016/|others=David Giuntoli, Russell Hornsby, Elizabeth Tulloch, Silas Weir Mitchell|publisher=GK Productions, Hazy Mills Productions, Universal Television|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> == Bibliografia == * Perez, Domino Renee, ''There Was a Woman: La Llorona from Folklore to Popular Culture'' * Mathews, Holly F. 1992. The directive force of morality tales in a Mexican community. In ''Human motives and cultural models'', edited by R.G.D'Andrade and C. Strauss, 127-62. New York: Cambridge University Press. * {{cite book|title=Days of Death, Days of Life: Ritual in the Popular Culture of Oaxaca|url=https://archive.org/details/daysofdeathdayso0000norg|last=Norget|first=Kristin|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-231-13688-9|location=New York}} * Ray John de Aragon, ''The Legend of La Llorona'', Sunstone Press, 2006. * Belinda Vasquez Garcia, ''The Witch Narratives Reincarnation'', Magic Prose Publishing, 2012. * {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Mexico: History, Society & Culture - Vol. 1|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofme0000unse_u9y3|last=Werner|first=Michael S.|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|year=1997|isbn=1-884964-31-1|location=Chicago}}martin [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Hadithi]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 6y7s7512tes8rmm16d86yz2bjkfvrt8 0 134403 1580570 1526365 2026-07-19T15:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kate Maki.jpg|thumb|right|Kate Maki.]] '''Kate Maki''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[nyimbo]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name=conjures>[http://www2.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=471ee0b5-38cb-456c-b7a1-cf1e02a4cac6&p=1 "Maki conjures up her musical concoctions"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902093955/http://www2.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=471ee0b5-38cb-456c-b7a1-cf1e02a4cac6&p=1 |date=September 2, 2012 }}. ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', May 21, 2011.</ref> ==Maisha== Alizaliwa na kukulia [[Sudbury]], [[Ontario]], Maki amesomea [[sayansi]] ya [[neva]] katika [[chuo]] cha Dalhousie huko [[Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]] na [[ualimu]] katika Nipissing University huko [[North Bay Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wikifamouspeople.com/kate-maki-wiki-biography-net-worth-age-family-facts-and-more/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-09 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003010313/https://wikifamouspeople.com/kate-maki-wiki-biography-net-worth-age-family-facts-and-more/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alifundisha [[elimu]] maalum, [[Kifaransa]] na [[sayansi]] huko [[Ottawa]], [[Toronto]] na Sudbury kwa miaka kabla hajaamua kufanya [[kazi]] ya [[muziki]] kwa wakati wote.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kate-maki-mn0000922845/biography</ref> Mnamo [[2003]], Maki alirekodi [[albamu]] yake ya kwanza, ''Confusion Unlimited'', pamoja na [[Dave Draves]] katika studio za Bullhorn huko Ottawa, Ontario.<ref>https://www.savedbyvinyl.com/kate-maki{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo 2004, alirudi katika studio za Little Bullhorn na kurekodi albamu yake ya pili, ''The Sun Will Find Us''. Albamu zote zilipata Tuzo za Albamu ya Mwaka katika Muziki wa Ontario ya [[Kaskazini]] na [[Tuzo]] za [[Filamu]] mwaka 2004 na 2005. ===Ziara === Mnamo 2005, Maki, Nathan Lawr, Ryan Bishops, Ruth Minnikin na Dale Murray walishiriki [[ziara]] mbili za matamasha ya kitaifa, ''A Midautumn Night’s Dream'' na ''A Midwinter Night’s Dream'', ambayo ilisemwa kuongozwa na Rolling Thunder Revue ya Bob Dylan. Wanamuziki watano pia walirekodi matoleo madogo ya mkusanyiko wa kila ziara yao. Maki alipumzika kufanya ziara kati ya miaka 2006 na 2008 na kurejea nyumbani Sudbury, Ontario kufundisha sekondari sayansi. Wakati wa mapumziko Machi 2007, Maki alirekodi albamu yake ya tatu, ''On High'', katika studio za Little Bullhorn pamoja na Howe Gelb kama [[mtayarishaji]] na Dave Draves kama mkandarasi.<ref>https://www.savedbyvinyl.com/kate-maki{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ilitolewa Marekani ya Kaskazini mnamo Februari 12, 2008, na alitunukiwa Albamu ya Mwaka katika Muziki wa Ontario ya Kaskazini na Tuzo za Filamu mwaka 2009. ====Marekani==== Wakati akifanya ziara [[Marekani]] mwaka 2008, Maki alisimama WaveLab huko Tucson, Arizon kwa siku mbili kurekodi albamu yake ya nne, ''Two Song Wedding'', ambayo ilitolewa [[Januari]] 2010.<ref name=ffwd>[http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/music/music-features/vet-songwriter-a-duo-in-life-music-7501/ "Vet songwriter a duo in life, music"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161753/http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/music/music-features/vet-songwriter-a-duo-in-life-music-7501/ |date=November 9, 2013 }}. ''[[FFWD (newspaper)|FFWD]]'', May 19, 2011.</ref> Mwishoni mwa 2010, Maki na Mkanada mwenzake Fredrick Squire walisafi kwenda kwenye studio za Paco Loco huko El Puerto de Santa Maria kurekodi nyimbo mbili za [[country]]. ''Calling it Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide'' ulitolewa kama wimbo wa [[inchi]] - saba - wenye nyimbo mbili na kupakua kidigitali mnamo Machi 22, 2011. Baada ya kufanya ziara Kanada pamoja mwaka 2011 kuunga mkono albamu yao ya inchi - saba na vile vile albamu binafsi ya tano ya Maki, ''Moonshine'' na albamu binafsi ya pili ya Squire, ''Frederick Squire Sings Shenandoah and Other Popular Hits'' , wawili hao waliamua kupumzika kufanya ziara na kukaa Copper Cliff, Ontario kuanzisha familia. Squire na Maki walioana mnamo Decimba 22, 2012. Albamu ya Maki ya hivi karibuni, ''Head in the Sand'', ilitolewa mnamo Mei 2016.<ref>[http://exclaim.ca/music/article/kate_maki_announces_head_in_the_sand_lp "Kate Maki Taps Fred Squire and Nathan Lawr for 'Head in the Sand'"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', April 8, 2016.</ref> ==Diskografia== ===Albamu=== *''Confusion Unlimited'' (2003) *''The Sun Will Find Us'' (2004) *''On High'' (2008) *''Two Song Wedding'' (2010) *''Moonshine '' (2011) *''Head in the Sand'' (2016) ===Mikusanyiko ya kwenye Ziara=== *''A Midwinter Night's Dream'' (2005) *''A Midautumn Night's Dream'' (2005) ===Nyimbo=== *''Calling It Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide'' (2011, pamoja na Frederick Squire) ===Kama Mwanamuziki Mgeni=== *[[sauti]]: "Cocaine Cowgirl" na "St. George's Lane" - Matt Mays - '' Matt Mays + El Torpedo (albamu)'' (2004) *sauti/[[gitaa]] la [[umeme]]: "Covering Up" - Nathan Lawr - ''Secret Carpentry'' (2005) *sauti: "Mountain of Love" - Howe Gelb - ''Sno Angel Like You'' (2006) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *Official website [http://www.katemaki.com/ Kate Maki] {{Wayback|url=http://www.katemaki.com/ |date=20060203003058 }} *Facebook [http://www.facebook.com/katemakimusic] {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] iolezh8ygbpe237xjjr1958ewp3c6ce 1580575 1580570 2026-07-19T16:14:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1580575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kate Maki.jpg|thumb|right|Kate Maki.]] '''Kate Maki''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[nyimbo]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name=conjures>[http://www2.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=471ee0b5-38cb-456c-b7a1-cf1e02a4cac6&p=1 "Maki conjures up her musical concoctions"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902093955/http://www2.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/story.html?id=471ee0b5-38cb-456c-b7a1-cf1e02a4cac6&p=1 |date=September 2, 2012 }}. ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', May 21, 2011.</ref> ==Maisha== Alizaliwa na kukulia [[Sudbury]], [[Ontario]], Maki amesomea [[sayansi]] ya [[neva]] katika [[chuo]] cha Dalhousie huko [[Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]] na [[ualimu]] katika Nipissing University huko [[North Bay Ontario]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://wikifamouspeople.com/kate-maki-wiki-biography-net-worth-age-family-facts-and-more/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-09 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003010313/https://wikifamouspeople.com/kate-maki-wiki-biography-net-worth-age-family-facts-and-more/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alifundisha [[elimu]] maalum, [[Kifaransa]] na [[sayansi]] huko [[Ottawa]], [[Toronto]] na Sudbury kwa miaka kabla hajaamua kufanya [[kazi]] ya [[muziki]] kwa wakati wote.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/kate-maki-mn0000922845/biography</ref> Mnamo [[2003]], Maki alirekodi [[albamu]] yake ya kwanza, ''Confusion Unlimited'', pamoja na [[Dave Draves]] katika studio za Bullhorn huko Ottawa, Ontario.<ref>https://www.savedbyvinyl.com/kate-maki{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo 2004, alirudi katika studio za Little Bullhorn na kurekodi albamu yake ya pili, ''The Sun Will Find Us''. Albamu zote zilipata Tuzo za Albamu ya Mwaka katika Muziki wa Ontario ya [[Kaskazini]] na [[Tuzo]] za [[Filamu]] mwaka 2004 na 2005. ===Ziara === Mnamo 2005, Maki, Nathan Lawr, Ryan Bishops, Ruth Minnikin na Dale Murray walishiriki [[ziara]] mbili za matamasha ya kitaifa, ''A Midautumn Night’s Dream'' na ''A Midwinter Night’s Dream'', ambayo ilisemwa kuongozwa na Rolling Thunder Revue ya Bob Dylan. Wanamuziki watano pia walirekodi matoleo madogo ya mkusanyiko wa kila ziara yao. Maki alipumzika kufanya ziara kati ya miaka 2006 na 2008 na kurejea nyumbani Sudbury, Ontario kufundisha sekondari sayansi. Wakati wa mapumziko Machi 2007, Maki alirekodi albamu yake ya tatu, ''On High'', katika studio za Little Bullhorn pamoja na Howe Gelb kama [[mtayarishaji]] na Dave Draves kama mkandarasi.<ref>https://www.savedbyvinyl.com/kate-maki{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ilitolewa Marekani ya Kaskazini mnamo Februari 12, 2008, na alitunukiwa Albamu ya Mwaka katika Muziki wa Ontario ya Kaskazini na Tuzo za Filamu mwaka 2009. ====Marekani==== Wakati akifanya ziara [[Marekani]] mwaka 2008, Maki alisimama WaveLab huko Tucson, Arizon kwa siku mbili kurekodi albamu yake ya nne, ''Two Song Wedding'', ambayo ilitolewa [[Januari]] 2010.<ref name=ffwd>[http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/music/music-features/vet-songwriter-a-duo-in-life-music-7501/ "Vet songwriter a duo in life, music"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161753/http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/music/music-features/vet-songwriter-a-duo-in-life-music-7501/ |date=November 9, 2013 }}. ''[[FFWD (newspaper)|FFWD]]'', May 19, 2011.</ref> Mwishoni mwa 2010, Maki na Mkanada mwenzake Fredrick Squire walisafi kwenda kwenye studio za Paco Loco huko El Puerto de Santa Maria kurekodi nyimbo mbili za [[country]]. ''Calling it Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide'' ulitolewa kama wimbo wa [[inchi]] - saba - wenye nyimbo mbili na kupakua kidigitali mnamo Machi 22, 2011. Baada ya kufanya ziara Kanada pamoja mwaka 2011 kuunga mkono albamu yao ya inchi - saba na vile vile albamu binafsi ya tano ya Maki, ''Moonshine'' na albamu binafsi ya pili ya Squire, ''Frederick Squire Sings Shenandoah and Other Popular Hits'' , wawili hao waliamua kupumzika kufanya ziara na kukaa Copper Cliff, Ontario kuanzisha familia. Squire na Maki walioana mnamo Decimba 22, 2012. Albamu ya Maki ya hivi karibuni, ''Head in the Sand'', ilitolewa mnamo Mei 2016.<ref>[http://exclaim.ca/music/article/kate_maki_announces_head_in_the_sand_lp "Kate Maki Taps Fred Squire and Nathan Lawr for 'Head in the Sand'"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', April 8, 2016.</ref> ==Diskografia== ===Albamu=== *''Confusion Unlimited'' (2003) *''The Sun Will Find Us'' (2004) *''On High'' (2008) *''Two Song Wedding'' (2010) *''Moonshine '' (2011) *''Head in the Sand'' (2016) ===Mikusanyiko ya kwenye Ziara=== *''A Midwinter Night's Dream'' (2005) *''A Midautumn Night's Dream'' (2005) ===Nyimbo=== *''Calling It Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide'' (2011, pamoja na Frederick Squire) ===Kama Mwanamuziki Mgeni=== *[[sauti]]: "Cocaine Cowgirl" na "St. George's Lane" - Matt Mays - '' Matt Mays + El Torpedo (albamu)'' (2004) *sauti/[[gitaa]] la [[umeme]]: "Covering Up" - Nathan Lawr - ''Secret Carpentry'' (2005) *sauti: "Mountain of Love" - Howe Gelb - ''Sno Angel Like You'' (2006) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *Official website [http://www.katemaki.com/ Kate Maki] {{Wayback|url=http://www.katemaki.com/ |date=20060203003058 }} *Facebook [http://www.facebook.com/katemakimusic] {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] dze66x734mxmvtehqdxof9rvylg5fts 0 138632 1580591 1516849 2026-07-19T17:00:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kevin at COP26 in Glasgow.jpg|alt=Kevin Mtai kwenye maandamano ya COP26 huko Glasgow|thumb|Kevin Mtai kwenye maandamano ya COP26 huko Glasgow]] '''Kevin Mtai''' (amezaliwa mnamo [[1996]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[hali ya hewa]] kutoka [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=stories|first=1MILLION activist|date=2020-07-08|title=WE ARE IN A CRISIS!|url=https://www.1millionactiviststories.org/post/we-are-in-a-crisis|access-date=2021-05-11|website=1MILLION Activist St|language=en|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513143352/https://www.1millionactiviststories.org/post/we-are-in-a-crisis}}</ref> Ni [[mtaalamu]] wa viumbe vidogo na mratibu wa ''Earth Uprising'' kwa [[Bara la Afrika]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-11-09|title=As young people, we urge financial institutions to stop financing fossil fuels|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/11/09/young-people-urge-financial-institutions-stop-financing-fossil-fuels/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Climate Home News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Global Youth Council – Earth Uprising|url=https://earthuprising.org/about-us/global-youth-council/|access-date=2021-05-11|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515194709/https://earthuprising.org/about-us/global-youth-council/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Let These Stunning Photos of Young Climate Activists Inspire You|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyvz9x/a-year-of-virtual-youth-climate-activism-in-photos|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.vice.com|language=en}}</ref> Ni [[mwanzilishi]] mwenza wa [[mtandao]] wa [[wanaharakati]] wa [[mazingira]] wa ''Kenya Environmental Activists Network (KEAN)''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kevin Mtai - Kimberly Gutzler|url=https://www.globalchildrenscampaign.org/kevin-mtai|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.globalchildrenscampaign.org|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-04-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423194724/https://www.globalchildrenscampaign.org/kevin-mtai}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=COP26 - A View from Kenya|url=https://www.cop26andbeyond.com/blog/cop26-a-view-from-kenya|access-date=2021-05-11|website=COP26 and beyond|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211858/https://www.cop26andbeyond.com/blog/cop26-a-view-from-kenya|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Our Leadership Team|url=https://keanke.org/our-leadership-team/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=KEAN NETWORK|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511231028/https://keanke.org/our-leadership-team/}}</ref> Ni msanidi [[programu]] wa kanda kwa ''One Up Action''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chapter Relations Department|url=https://oneupaction.org/chapter-relations-department/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=OneUpAction|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513042552/https://oneupaction.org/chapter-relations-department/}}</ref> Alitetea uhifadhi wa [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Nairobi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kevin Mtai|url=https://facesofclimate.com/home/kevin-mtai|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Faces of Climate Change|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2020-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126012217/https://facesofclimate.com/home/kevin-mtai}}</ref> Alipinga [[ujenzi]] wa [[hoteli]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-04-16|title=Youth activists face threats on the frontline of climate change|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210416-youth-activists-face-threats-on-the-frontline-of-climate-change|access-date=2021-05-11|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo [[2020]], kama mwanaharakati kutoka ''Most Affected Peoples and Areas (MAPA)'' (Watu Walioathirika Zaidi na Maeneo),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Admin|title=FIC Summit : Youth declaration : "Public Financial Institutions must lead the way and phase out investments in fossil fuels"|url=https://www.africanewsagency.fr/declaration-des-jeunes-sur-le-sommet-finance-en-commun-les-institutions-financieres-publiques-doivent-montrer-lexemple-et-cesser-dinvestir-dans-les-energies-fossiles/?lang=en|access-date=2021-05-11|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513105919/https://www.africanewsagency.fr/declaration-des-jeunes-sur-le-sommet-finance-en-commun-les-institutions-financieres-publiques-doivent-montrer-lexemple-et-cesser-dinvestir-dans-les-energies-fossiles/?lang=en}}</ref> aliandaa migomo zaidi ya hali ya hewa ya ''FridaysForFuture''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Rocha|first=Laura|date=17 de Septiembre|title="Luchando por nuestro presente, no sólo por nuestro futuro": jóvenes retoman las huelgas globales por la crisis climática|url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2020/09/17/luchando-por-nuestro-presente-no-solo-por-nuestro-futuro-jovenes-retoman-las-huelgas-globales-por-la-crisis-climatica/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-11|website=infobae|language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-09-25|title=Three youth activists explain why they are striking for climate justice|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/09/25/three-youth-activists-explain-striking-climate-justice/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Climate Home News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-09-23|title=Youth Climate Strikes Are Back|url=https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/youth-climate-strikes-are-back/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Green Building Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511201631/https://www.greenbuildingafrica.co.za/youth-climate-strikes-are-back/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fighting for our present, not just our future: Global Youth Climate Strikes Are Back|url=https://350.org/press-release/fighting-for-our-present-not-just-our-future-global-youth-climate-strikes-are-back/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=350.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=World's youth rally against climate change {{!}} News , World {{!}} THE DAILY STAR|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/World/2020/Sep-25/512280-worlds-youth-rallies-against-climate-change.ashx|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.dailystar.com.lb|accessdate=2021-06-22|archivedate=2021-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513181334/https://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/World/2020/Sep-25/512280-worlds-youth-rallies-against-climate-change.ashx}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Masked, Socially Distanced, and Mad as Hell: Global Youth Take to the Streets for Over 3,200 #ClimateStrike Events|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/09/25/masked-socially-distanced-and-mad-hell-global-youth-take-streets-over-3200|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Common Dreams|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Abnett|first=Kate|date=2020-09-26|title=World's youth rallies against climate change|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/climate-change-protests-idUSKCN26G113|access-date=2021-05-11}}</ref> Alihudhuria ''Mock COP26''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-11-27|title=Youth activists demand damages for climate victims at virtual 'mock Cop26'|url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/11/27/youth-activists-demand-damages-climate-victims-virtual-mock-cop26/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Climate Home News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Amer|first=Zara|date=2021-01-12|title=In Conversation with MOCK COP|url=https://www.theclimatechangeproject.today/single-post/in-conversation-with-mock-cop|access-date=2021-05-11|website=climatechangeproject|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-11-30|title=The UN canceled its 2020 climate summit. Youth held one anyway.|url=https://grist.org/climate/the-un-canceled-its-2020-climate-summit-youth-held-one-anyway/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Grist|language=en-us}}</ref> Anaishi Soy, Kenya.<ref name=":0" /> {{mbegu-mtu}} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] j9qsumpoykv2scgyqinfly6zvuqxg3n 0 146456 1580718 1522148 2026-07-20T11:58:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Nice Nailantei Leng'ete''' ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]] wa [[Kenya]], anayetetea utaratibu mbadala wa kupitishwa (ARP) kwa wasichana barani [[Afrika]] na kufanya kampeni ya kukomesha [[ukeketaji]] wa wanawake (FGM). Katika kazi yake na Amref Health Africa, Leng'ete ameokoa takriban wasichana 15,000 kukeketwa na ndoa za utotoni. Alitajwa na ''Jarida la Time'' mnamo 2018 kama mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa ulimwenguni . Nice Nailantei Leng'ete alizaliwa mwaka wa 1991 katika kijiji cha Kimana kwenye jamii ya [[Wamasai]] nchini [[Kenya]] . Alikuwa yatima kwani wazazi wake wote wawili walifariki mnamo 1997 na 1998. Alitumia miaka yake ya ujana kuhamahama kwenye nyumba mbalimbali kwenye kijiji chake. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minane, alipelekwa kwenye shule ya bweni. Ni katika shule ya bweni ambapo Leng'ete aligundua kwamba "kukatwa", ibada ya wasichana kubadilika na kuwa mwanamke katika utamaduni wake wa Kimasai, haikuhitajika. <ref name="Nofi french">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Capo Chici|first=Sandro|title=Nice Nailantei Leng'ete, champion of the fight against excision|url=https://nofi.fr/2016/10/nice-nailantei-lengete-championne-de-lutte-contre-lexcision/31706|work=Nofi|accessdate=28 August 2018|archivedate=2018-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162915/https://nofi.fr/2016/10/nice-nailantei-lengete-championne-de-lutte-contre-lexcision/31706}}</ref> == Harakati za mapema == Leng'ete alikuwa msichana wa kwanza kijijini kwao kwenda shule ya upili, Alianza kuonekana kijijini kwao kama msukumo kwa wasichana na wanawake wadogo. Baadaye, Leng'ete aliwaficha wasichana wadogo ambao waliomba usaidizi wake ili kuepuka "kukatwa", kitendo ambacho kilimfanya kuwa mtengwa katika jamii yake. Leng'ete aliendelea kuwatetea wasichana hao na kuwahimiza wanakijiji kujadili suala hilo nyeti na muhimu. <ref name="Yahoo Lifestyle">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Sheppard|first=Elena|title=This 27-year-old Maasai woman helped 15,000 girls escape 'the cut'|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/27-year-old-massai-woman-helped-15000-girls-escape-cut-183433260.html|work=Yahoo Lifestyle|accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> [[Picha:Massai-group_and_Village.jpg|left|thumb| Wanakijiji wa Masai 2013]] * 2015 Tuzo ya Mwanamke Bora wa Mwaka kutoka kwa Wizara ya Ugatuzi ya Kenya <ref name="Amref fellowship" /> * 2016 Mpokeaji wa Ushirika wa Mandela Washington kwa Viongozi Vijana wa Afrika. <ref name="Amref fellowship">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Anti-Fgm Ambassador Selected for the 2016 YALI training|url=https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/|work=Amref Health Africa|date=23 February 2017|accessdate=30 August 2018|archive-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002405/https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2018 Inatambuliwa kama mmoja wa viongozi 300 wa vijana duniani na ''Women Deliver'' * 2018 Alimtunukia Annemarie Madison Tuzo kwa kujitolea kwake kukomesha ukeketaji. <ref name="Amref fellowship" /> * 2018 Alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani wa ''Jarida la Time'' <ref name="NY Times">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/13/world/africa/female-genital-mutilation-kenya.html|title=She Ran From the Cut, and Helped Thousands of Other Girls Escape, Too|work=The New York Times|author=Moore|first=Gina|date=13 January 2018|accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref> * 2018 Vijana 100 Wenye Ushawishi Zaidi - ''Avance Media'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/|title=Larry Madowo, Natalie Tewa, Njugush celebrated in the Most Influential Young Kenyans list - the Sauce|accessdate=2022-02-18|archive-date=2022-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218043759/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wamasai]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] c939hlsxfzy82fi3qzt4tnhin894o0w 0 147512 1580628 1518754 2026-07-20T00:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kampu|jina=Madi Pictures|jina la kampuni=Madi Pictures|picha=|ilianzishwa=[[2011]]|mwanzilishi=[[Christophe Madihano]]|huduma=Utengenezaji na Uuzaji|makaomakuu=[[Goma]],[[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]]|bidhaa=Uzalishaji wa sauti na kuona <br> Studio ya kurekodi <br> Matangazo ya kidijitali|aina=Kampuni ya kibiashara|mmiliki=[[Christophe Madihano]]<br>[[Christian Madihano]]|nchi=[[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]|ilikwisha=|tovuti=[https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/madi-revolution Madi Pictures]}} '''Madi Pictures''' (zamani '''Madi Revolution''') ni [[kampuni]] na studio ya ukaragushi kutoka nchi ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ambayo hufanya huduma kadhaa katika sanaa ya upigaji picha, uhariri wa [[picha]] na [[Mchezo wa video|video]], utangazaji wa [[dijiti]] na utengenezaji wa [[filamu]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Goma : La Maison Madi Pictures fait des clichés caricaturés pour soutenir les FARDC dans toutes les zones opérationnelles MNCTV|url=https://mnctvcongo.net/goma-la-maison-madepictures-fait-des-cliches-carcatures-pour-soutenir-les-forces-armees-de-la-rdc-dans-toutes-les-zones-operationnelles/|work=MNCTV CONGO|date=2020-05-14|accessdate=2022-03-13|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2021-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224163935/https://mnctvcongo.net/goma-la-maison-madepictures-fait-des-cliches-carcatures-pour-soutenir-les-forces-armees-de-la-rdc-dans-toutes-les-zones-operationnelles/}}</ref> Kampuni hiyo ni mmiliki wa kituo cha televisheni cha [[Madi TV]]. == Wanachama Waanzilishi == * [[Christophe Madihano]] * Christian Madihano == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/madi-revolution Madi Revolution] {{Wayback|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/madi-revolution |date=20220313090907 }} kwenye ''Music In Africa'' {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Kampuni za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Studio za filamu]] [[Jamii:Christophe Madihano]] [[Jamii:Lebo za muziki]] [[Jamii:Studio za kurekodia]] [[Jamii:Studio za muziki]] 8uvrie80fcya3sz1272no09brsg3no6 0 148160 1580624 1518570 2026-07-19T23:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lungiswa Gqunta''' (alizaliwa [[1990]]) ni [[mchongaji]] [[sanamu]] na msanii maono wa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://m12.manifesta.org/lungiswa-gqunta/|title=Lungiswa Gqunta|date=2018-06-15|work=Manifesta 12 Palermo|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-28}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.officinedellimmagine.com/lungiswagqunta.html|title=Lungiswa Gqunta|work=www.officinedellimmagine.com|accessdate=2019-12-28|archivedate=2019-12-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228070859/https://www.officinedellimmagine.com/lungiswagqunta.html}}</ref> Kazi yake imeonyeshwa katika matunzio na maonyesho mbalimbali kama vile [[Makumbusho]] ya ''Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa'', <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://zeitzmocaa.museum/artists/lungiswa-gqunta/|title=Lungiswa Gqunta|work=Zeitz MOCAA|accessdate=2019-12-28}}</ref> Jumba la [[Sanaa]] la [[Johannesburg]] (Johannesburg Art Gallery), na Chuo Kikuu cha ''Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, University of Cape Town.'', [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]] . <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.whatiftheworld.com/artist/lungiswa-gqunta/|title=Lungiswa Gqunta {{!}} WHATIFTHEWORLD/ GALLERY|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-28|archive-date=2025-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250807072900/https://www.whatiftheworld.com/artist/lungiswa-gqunta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:wachongaji wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wiki4uni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 93bvywdy648qwh35sdjsdi7emt35x8j 0 149565 1580650 1520622 2026-07-20T05:57:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike Ejeagha''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti]], [[1932]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa ngano wa nchini [[Nigeria]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]], na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Jimbo la Enugu]]. '''Ejeagha''' alianza [[kazi]] yake ya [[muziki]] katikati ya [[karne]] ya 20. Pia anajulikana kama ''Mabwana'', Ejeagha amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika mageuzi ya [[muziki]] katika [[lugha]] ya [[Igbo]] kwa zaidi ya [[miongo]] 6. Wimbo wake wa kwanza ulikuwa mwaka [[1960]] - mwaka wa [[Historia ya Nigeria|uhuru wa Nigeria]] . '''Ejeagha''' amechangia zaidi ya rekodi mia tatu kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya [[Nigeria]] iliyotayarishwa wakati wa kazi yake ya kuchunguza [[muziki]] wa ngano wa [[Igbo]]. <ref name="oti">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Highlife Music in West Africa|last=Sonny Oti|publisher=Malthouse Press|year=2009|isbn=978-978-8422-08-2|pages=53}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Here's all you need to know about Igbo Folk music legend Gentleman Mike Ejeagha {{!}} Pulse Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/gentleman-mike-ejeagha-biography-on-igbo-folk-music-legend-2024072708025929369|work=www.pulse.ng|accessdate=2025-02-01|language=en|archive-date=2025-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201103524/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/gentleman-mike-ejeagha-biography-on-igbo-folk-music-legend-2024072708025929369|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] o9e5i7mj0wsuiec5sp16ytmvlz7a994 0 149720 1580702 1469956 2026-07-20T10:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muungano wa Tuzo za Muziki za Botswana''' (mara nyingi kwa urahisi BOMU) ni tasnia ya kurekodi ya [[tuzo]] za [[tasnia ya muziki]] ya [[Botswana]], iliyoanzishwa mwaka wa [[2011]]. [[Sherehe]] hiyo hufanyika kila mwaka kusherehekea wasanii bora nchini [[Botswana]].<ref name="BOMU_History">{{cite web|title=BOMU History|date=5 September 2016|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/botswana-musicians-union|accessdate=23 September 2017|archive-date=2022-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507094312/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/botswana-musicians-union|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uteuzi hufanyika na kwa kawaida mshindi hutangazwa kulingana na uamuzi wa baraza la waamuzi au kulingana na idadi ya SMS zilizotumwa kwani upigaji kura hufanywa kupitia simu ya mkononi. Kipindi hiki mara nyingi kimefanyika katika Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Mikutano cha [[Gaborone]] (GICC) [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]] isipokuwa miaka sita, na kurushwa moja kwa moja kwenye kituo cha utangazaji cha kitaifa, televisheni ya Botswana. Sherehe huangazia maonyesho ya moja kwa moja kama ushirikiano wa mara moja na uteuzi wa walioteuliwa. BOMU kwa kawaida hufadhiliwa na MYSC Botswana na mpango wa ruzuku wa kila mwaka kufanya mradi huo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/botswana-musicians-union |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507094312/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/botswana-musicians-union |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=75250&dir=2018/april/13</ref> == Makundi ya Bomu == # Albamu bora ya disco # Albamu bora ya Mosakaso # Albamu bora ya Polka /Folklore # Albamu bora ya Rnb # Albamu bora ya Afro pop # Albamu bora ya [[Jazz]] # Albamu bora ya injili ya kitamaduni # Albamu bora ya kisasa ya Injili # Muziki bora wa nyumbani # Albamu bora ya muziki wa kitamaduni # Albamu bora ya Kwaito == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] nwyzcyn9u297zp7gh94o6ad5uu8rj3f 0 150059 1580605 1517351 2026-07-19T19:50:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Background=Kundi_or_bendi|Jina=Kleptomaniax|Miaka ya kazi=1999-2010|Asili yake=[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]|Wanachama wa sasa=Roba<br>Collo<br>[[Nyashinski]]}} '''Kleptomaniax''' ni [[kundi]] la [[Muziki wa hip hop|kurap]] kutoka [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Kundi hilo lina wanachama watatu: Roba (Robert Manyasa), Collo (Collins Majale) na Nyashinski (Nyamari Ongegu). ==Historia== Kleptomaniax ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1999, walipokuwa bado wanafunzi wa shule ya upili katika Shule ya Nairobi . Kundi hili lilijiunga na lebo ya [[Ogopa Deejays|Ogopa DJs]] na kutoa wimbo wao wa kwanza, "Freak It" mnamo [[2002]], ambao ulifuatiwa na "Maniax Anthem" na "Haree." <ref>Daily Nation, Lifestyle Magazine, June 1, 2003: [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/lifestyle/01062003/story0106200312.htm Kleptomaniax, the trio behind the hit songs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/lifestyle/01062003/story0106200312.htm |date=20250126054100 }}</ref> Mnamo [[2004]] kikundi kilitoa wimbo mwingine "Tuendelee", ambao umekua wimbo wao mkubwa hadi sasa. Wimbo huu uliandikwa kama jibu la " Diss track " na wanamuziki mbalimbali wa hip hop (ikiwa ni pamoja na Bamboo ), ambao walikosoa mtindo wa muziki wa Kapuka unaofanywa na Kleptomaniax . <ref>The Standard, Pulse Magazine, April 25, 2005: Klepto’s beef with Pulse</ref> Albamu yao ya kwanza ya ''M4E'' (kifupi cha ''Maniax Forever'' ) ilitolewa mnamo [[2005]]. Baadae mwaka huo kundi lilipokea uteuzi wa Tuzo za Muziki za MTV Ulaya kwa kipengele cha Best African Act, lakini tuzo hiyo alishinda msanii kutoka Nigeria [[2Face Idibia]] . Mnamo [[2007]], Kleptomaniax walitembelea [[Marekani]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sambazainc.com/Klepto.html|title=Sambaza Entertainment|publisher=Sambazainc.com|date=2007-02-24|accessdate=2012-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217055706/http://www.sambazainc.com/Klepto.html|archivedate=2012-02-17}}</ref> Kundi hilo lilisimamiwa na [[Fakii Liwali]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] bbtv9eeathzvp95858h9vxjan34a6rj 0 151923 1580612 1517681 2026-07-19T20:45:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya Kwelera''', ni sehemu ya hifadhi ya [[mazingira]] ya [[pwani]] ya mashariki ya London, ni hifadhi ya misitu ya mwambao katika eneo la Pwani la Pori la [[Rasi ya Mashariki]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=FOREST NATURE RESERVE: Gazetted name: Kwelera Nature Reserve|url=https://portal.environment.gov.za/PortalDownloads/PACA_Gazettes/PA/FNR/Kwelera_FNR.pdf|accessdate=2022-06-11|archive-date=2022-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517090336/https://portal.environment.gov.za/PortalDownloads/PACA_Gazettes/PA/FNR/Kwelera_FNR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ufikiaji wa hifadhi hiyo ni kupitia [[bustani ya Taifa ya Mimea ya Kwelera]] iliyo karibu, ambapo hifadhi hiyo sasa inatumika kama sehemu ya bustani ya mimea. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Information|url=https://www.sanbi.org/gardens/kwelera/information/|accessdate=2022-05-17|work=SANBI|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida|last=Whitehead|first=Marion|date=2014-09-01|title=Kwelera National Botanical Garden|url=https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC158873|journal=Veld & Flora|volume=100|pages=112–115|via=Sabinet}}</ref> Hifadhi hii inaanzia katika Mto Kwelera upande wa [[mashariki]] hadi Mto Gqunube (Gonubie) upande wa [[magharibi]] mwa hifadhi. == Etimolojia == Kwelera ni neno la kimaandiko la [[Kikhoekhoe|Khoi]] la 'mahali pa udi' == Historia == Hifadhi hiyo ina ukubwa wa [[hektari]] 200 iliundwa mwaka [[1983]] pamoja na Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya [[Gulu Nature Reserve|Gulu na Hifadhi]] ya Mazingira ya [[Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya Cape Henderson|Cape Henderson]] kwa ajili ya uhifadhi wa wanyama na mimea katika eneo hilo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] aiiteorckv1z1c4sdce9xnte19btd3h 0 160465 1580635 1519901 2026-07-20T03:48:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Sefidari Huici''' (amezaliwa Madrid, mwaka 1982) alikuwa mwenyekiti wa [[Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation]] hadi Juni 3, 2021.<ref><nowiki>https://wikimediafoundation.org/profile/maria-sefidari/</nowiki></ref> Alichaguliwa tena kwenye nafasi hiyo Agosti 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wikimedia Foundation announces Shani Evenstein Sigalov as new Trustee, as well as leadership appointments at fifteenth annual Wikimania|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/16/wikimedia-foundation-announces-shani-evenstein-sigalov-as-new-trustee-as-well-as-leadership-appointments-at-fifteenth-annual-wikimania/|work=Wikimedia Foundation|date=2019-08-16|accessdate=2022-09-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Sefidari alipewa jina la [[Techweek]] "Uongozi wa Wanawake" mnamo 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chicago Womens leadership program {{!}} Techweek|url=https://techweek.com/chicago-womens-leadership-program/|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-07-20|accessdate=2022-09-29|archivedate=2018-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720024008/https://techweek.com/chicago-womens-leadership-program/}}</ref> Ndani ya mwaka 2018 aliandika insha juu ya marekebisho ya hakimiliki ya Ulaya yanayokuja yalifunikwa sana, pamoja na [[TechCrunch]] na [[Boing Boing]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Your internet is under threat. Here’s why you should care about European Copyright Reform|url=https://medium.com/freely-sharing-the-sum-of-all-knowledge/your-internet-is-under-threat-heres-why-you-should-care-about-european-copyright-reform-7eb6ff4cf321|work=Down the Rabbit Hole|date=2018-09-06|accessdate=2022-09-29|language=en|author=Wikimedia Policy}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wikimedia warns EU copyright reform threatens the 'vibrant free web'|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/04/wikimedia-warns-eu-copyright-reform-threatens-the-vibrant-free-web/|work=TechCrunch|date=2018-09-04|accessdate=2022-09-29|language=en-US|author=Natasha Lomas}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wikipedia's warning: EU copyright changes threaten the internet itself|url=https://boingboing.net/2018/09/05/saveyourinternet-eu.html|work=Boing Boing|date=2018-09-05|accessdate=2022-09-29|language=en-US|author=Cory Doctorow|archive-date=2025-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207083614/https://boingboing.net/2018/09/05/saveyourinternet-eu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] sshzmpowd9wba72gns6xo3zm47ryogd 0 166592 1580673 1580521 2026-07-20T09:43:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Victor Mgimwa''' (alizaliwa [[Dar es Salaam]], [[17 Mei]] [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Alianza kucheza mpira akiwa [[shule ya msingi]] huko [[Iringa (mji)|Iringa]]. Shule hiyo iliitwa Star Internation School. Baadaye akatambuliwa na skauti kutoka Uingereza. Akapata fursa ya kushiriki na Bolto Wanders FC. Chini ya ulezi wa taasisi ya ulezi ya TFF pale Karume. Alipomaliza elimu ya sekondari pale Jitegemee, akaanza rasmi kujihusisha na mpira mazima. Timu yake ya kwanza kucheza kama mchezaji wa kulipwa ni Moro United na timu ya pili kujiunga ni Mtibwa Sugar FC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Michael Victor Mgimwa Mtibwa Sugar FC Atacante Listado de Jugadores Jugadores Futbol-Talentos.es|url=http://www.futbol-talentos.es/Michael_Victor_Mgimwa-3_7-109201-3.html|work=www.futbol-talentos.es|accessdate=2023-03-24|author=Oezguer Karatag}}</ref> Ambapo alishiriki kwenye ligi ya Tanzania msimu wa 2011 — 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Michael Victor Mgomwa Aombewa ITC THAILAND|url=http://kwaneemafm.blogspot.com/2012/02/michael-victor-mgimwa-aombewa-itc.html|accessdate=2023-03-24|language=en|author=Anonymous}}</ref> na pia alikua mfungaji bora wa mashindano ya Uhai Cup goli 20 . [[Tanzania|Timu]] yake ya tatu ikawa Roi Et United ya nchini Thailandi. Wakati huo ilikuwa daraja la pili. Ilikuwa kati ya 2012—2014. Akaipigania hadi kufikia daraja la kwanza. Baadaye akajiunga na timu ya Surat Than FC iliyopo kusini mwa Thailandi. Ilikuwa ligi ya tatu ambapo alishinda magoli kadhaa yaliyoleta heshima kwa timu. Hiyo ilikuwa kati ya 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Simba SC katika mazoezi UDSM jana, angalia vifaa vipya|url=https://www.binzubeiry.co.tz/2014/07/simba-sc-katika-mazoezi-udsm-jana.html|work=Bin Zubeiry Sports - online|accessdate=2023-03-24|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324141438/https://www.binzubeiry.co.tz/2014/07/simba-sc-katika-mazoezi-udsm-jana.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2015 alirudi Tanzania kushiriki kwenye ligi kuu akaja kuichezea klabu ya Afrika Sport FC ya jijini Tanga kati ya 2015—2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kilowoko: TFF yazuia wachezaji hawa baada ya kupitia mapingamizi yai.|url=http://kilowoko.blogspot.com/2015/12/tff-yazuia-wachezaji-hawa-baada-ya.html|work=Kilowoko|date=2015-12-24|accessdate=2023-03-24|author=Unknown}}</ref> Akarudi tena Thailandi 2017 kwa minajili ya kujiunga na Nan FC na sasa ni mchezaji katika klabu ya Pow FC ya Thailandi. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:watu kutoka Dar es Salaam]] pjrw68ku2rvs6wu300006zgugzwhic8 0 178867 1580585 1536671 2026-07-19T16:36:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580585 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:St_Kenelm_in_situ.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Sanamu]] yake.]] '''Kenelmi''' (pia: '''Kenelm au Cynehelm'''; alifariki [[812]]/[[821]]) alikuwa [[Mtoto|mwana]] wa [[mfalme]] wa [[Mercia]] (leo nchini [[Uingereza]])<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92250</ref> aliyeheshimiwa sana katika [[Karne za Kati]]<ref>[[William of Malmesbury]], writing in the 12th century, recounted that "there was no place in England to which more pilgrims travelled than to [[Winchcombe]] on Kenelm's feast day".</ref>. Hadi leo anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waanglikana]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[17 Julai]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Baring-Gould |first=S. (Sabine) |year=1897 |title=The Lives of the Saints |url=https://archive.org/details/livesofsaints08bari |volume=8, part 2 |location=London |publisher=John C. Nimmo |pages=[https://archive.org/details/livesofsaints08bari/page/427 427]–428}} * {{Rejea kitabu|editor-last1=D'Evelyn |editor1-first=Charlotte |editor2-last=Mill |editor2-first=Anna J. |orig-year=1956 |year=1967 |title=The South English Legendary: Edited from Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS 145 and British Museum MS Harley 2277|publisher=Published for the Early English Text Society by Oxford University Press |chapter=Saint Kenelm, from Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS 145 |volume=1|pages=279–291}} * {{Rejea kitabu |last=Hill |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Hill |title=The Triumph of Love |pages=[https://archive.org/details/triumphoflove00hill/page/1 1, 2] |location=New York |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1998 |isbn=9780395912355 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/triumphoflove00hill/page/1 }} * {{Rejea kitabu|last1=Hogg |first1=Richard M. |last2=Denison |first2=David |year=2006 |title=A history of the English language|edition=illustrated |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66227-7 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=U5FDi8WksqYC&pg=PA228 228]}} == Marejeo mengine == * {{cite book |last=Amphlett |first=J. |year=1890|title=A short history of Clent |location=London | publisher=Parker|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=ha008645189}} * {{cite book |last=Farmer |first=David |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Saints |edition=Fifth, Revised |year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-959660-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_zJJtvK2_KsC&pg=PA253 253]}} * {{cite book |last=Love |first=Rosalind C. |chapter=Life and Miracles of St. Kenelm |title=Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saints' Lives |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1996 |pages=49–89}} * {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1= William, (Sir) |last2= Wace |first2=Henry |year=1877 |title=A Dictionary of Christian biography, literature, sects and doctrines: being a continuation of 'The dictionary of the Bible' |volume=3 |location=London |publisher=J. Murray |pages=601, 602 |chapter=Kenethrytha (Cwoenthritha, Cynethritha)| chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/p2dictionaryofch03smituoft#page/601/mode/1up}} A dictionary entry and alternative spellings for Cwenthryth * {{cite book |last=Wall |first= J. Charles |year=1905 |chapter=Chapter V: Shrines of Royal Saints: St. Kenelm |editor-last=Cox |editor-first=J. Charles |url=http://www.historyfish.net/shrines/british_shrines.html |title=Shrines of British Saints |series=Antiquaries Book |publisher=Methuen & Co.|chapter-url=http://www.historyfish.net/shrines/cw_shrines_five.html#kenelm}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Cynehelm of Mercia}} * [http://www.kenelmwalks.uk/index.php/legend-of-saint-kenelm/ The Legend of St Kenelm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kenelmwalks.uk/index.php/legend-of-saint-kenelm/ |date=20231210010838 }}. * [http://www.john-price.me.uk/Kenelm/File0002.PDF Document - probably copied from Amphlett] {{Wayback|url=http://www.john-price.me.uk/Kenelm/File0002.PDF |date=20221013175601 }}. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 8]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 821]] [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uingereza]] 31q5jc2z7hlhyacrjwsi5jgmw0gv6eo 0 180003 1580697 1521502 2026-07-20T09:51:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustafa Jaffer Sabodo''' (14 Mei 1942 <ref>[https://dailynews.co.tz/tanzanias-business-tycoon-mustafa-sabodo-passes-away/ Tanzania’s business tycoon Mustafa Sabodo passes away]</ref> – 23 Machi 2024) alikuwa mwanauchumi, mshauri wa masuala ya kimataifa ya ufadhili wa madeni, na mfanyabiashara kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Alikuwa na maslahi ya kibiashara nchini [[India]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Kenya]], [[Sudan]], [[Nigeria]], na [[Zimbabwe]]. == Maisha na kazi == Mustafa Jaffer Sabodo alizaliwa [[Lindi (mji)|Lindi]], Tanganyika (sasa Tanzania bara) kwa wazazi wenye asili ya Uhindi. Mwaka 2003, alijitolea kufadhili ukuaji wa [[Jamii kunde|msukumo]] kwa ajili ya kuuza nje kwa kiasi cha [[Shilingi ya Tanzania|TSh.&nbsp;]]100&nbsp;milioni. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/11082003/Regional/Regional11.html/ |title=Dar Businessman Donates $0.1m for Pulse Production |accessdate=2024-04-04 |archive-date=2017-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306101128/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/11082003/Regional/Regional11.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bahati Nasibu ya Taifa [[Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation]] ndiyo iliyoibuliwa na Sabodo, ambaye alitoa [[Shilingi ya Tanzania|TSh&nbsp;]]800&nbsp;milioni kuelekea mradi ulioanzisha bahati nasibu hiyo. <ref>[http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2006/06/06/67836.html/ Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation Lottery begins in earnest]</ref> Sabodo alifariki tarehe 23 Machi 2024, Masaki, jijini Dar es Salaam, akiwa na umri wa miaka 81. <ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Tanzanian billionaire Mustafa Sabodo passes away at 82|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tanzanian-billionaire-mustafa-sabodo-passes-away-at-82-4566548|publisher=The Citizen|date=23 March 2024}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Tanzania]] j0omvr85peein6985s7s2bf2ibyv7r8 0 186921 1580548 1515461 2026-07-19T12:06:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerald S. Odom''' (alizaliwa tarehe 7 Novemba 1968) ni [[kocha]] wa [[futiboli ya Marekani]]. Yeye ni kocha wa ulinzi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Western Carolina, nafasi ambayo amekuwa nayo tangu mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-12-15 |title=Jerry Odom Hired as Western Carolina Defensive Coordinator |url=https://catamountsports.com/news/2023/12/15/football-jerry-odom-hired-as-western-carolina-defensive-coordinator.aspx |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Western Carolina University |language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa kocha mkuu wa futiboli wa Chuo Kikuu cha Tusculum kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Tusculum Pioneers |url=https://www.tusculumpioneers.com/sports/fball/coaches/odom-jerry |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Tusculum Pioneers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2015-12-14 |title=Jerry Odom Named Tusculum Football Coach |url=https://www.thesac.com/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151214dto8fo |language=en |accessdate=2024-09-28 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204174213/https://www.thesac.com/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151214dto8fo |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-12-08 |title=Odom steps down as head football coach |url=https://www.tusculumpioneers.com/sports/fball/2023-24/releases/20231208ldenwx |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] 6hwai4mocdvmiv4ti840uxcsj5ex7r6 0 190436 1580549 1388870 2026-07-19T12:19:54Z Danielrayyan09 91043 1580549 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samsung Galaxy M14 5G in Navy Blue.jpg|thumb|Samsung Galaxy M14 5G Navy Blue]] '''Samsung Galaxy M14 5G''' ni [[simujanja]] inayotumia mfumo endeshi wa [[Android]] iliyoundwa na kutengenezwa na [[Samsung Electronics]]. Simu hii ilitangazwa tarehe [[8 Machi]] [[2023]]. Ilitolewa na Android 13 nje ya boksi na ikapokea sasisho lake kuu la kwanza la OS, [[Android 14]], mnamo [[Desemba]] [[2023]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://samorbit.com/samsung-galaxy-m14-5g-android-14-update/|title= Stable Android 14 Arrives for Samsung Galaxy M14 5G|date= 12 December 2023|website= SAMOrbit|publisher= |access-date= |quote= |archive-date= 2023-12-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231212101058/https://samorbit.com/samsung-galaxy-m14-5g-android-14-update/|url-status= dead}}</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-teknolojia}} [[Jamii:simu]] 5e39h5r0j87tnwvqbe63sb9a5zjezff 0 194303 1580551 1374042 2026-07-19T12:35:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jirawat Kaewboran''' (kwa [[Kithai]] จิรวัฒน์ แก้วโบราณ) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://scgsamutsongkhramfc.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=59 |title=Jirawat Kaewboran Profile |accessdate=2024-12-11 |archive-date=2014-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211132747/http://scgsamutsongkhramfc.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=59 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uthai]] 61nwy2nssbpey04y3eoczwcrjl8xhde 1580573 1580551 2026-07-19T15:59:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1580573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jirawat Kaewboran''' (kwa [[Kithai]] จิรวัฒน์ แก้วโบราณ) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://scgsamutsongkhramfc.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=59 |title=Jirawat Kaewboran Profile |accessdate=2024-12-11 |archive-date=2014-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211132747/http://scgsamutsongkhramfc.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=59 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uthai]] 75gqwdfwqlnrw0p6cla0q2zcvknuqff 0 195695 1580560 1482381 2026-07-19T14:33:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juliet Obanda Makanga''' (alizaliwa [[19 Februari]], [[1985 KK|1985]]) ni [[mfamasia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://example1.com|title=Juliet Obanda Makanga - Pharmacologist|accessdate=22 December 2024}}</ref> [[mwanasayansi]] wa neurosayansi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://example2.com/|title=Neuroscience Contributions by Juliet Obanda|accessdate=22 December 2024|archive-date=2022-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725122818/https://example2.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://example3.com|title=Research in Neuroscience - Juliet Obanda|accessdate=22 December 2024}}</ref> na mtafiti wa masuala ya matibabu,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://example4.com|title=Medical Research Projects by Juliet Obanda Makanga|accessdate=22 December 2024}}</ref> anayefanya kazi kama Mhadhiri wa Farmakolojia ya Kliniki katika Shule ya Dawa ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]], kilichoko [[Kahawa]], [[Nairobi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://example5.com/|title=Juliet Obanda Makanga at Kenyatta University|accessdate=22 December 2024|archive-date=2019-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227095728/http://example5.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Asili na elimu == Juliet Obanda alizaliwa katika [[Kaunti ya Vihiga]], [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] mwa [[Kenya]], mnamo tarehe 19 Februari 1985. Alisoma katika Shule ya Wasichana ya Alliance iliyoko mji wa [[Kikuyu, Kenya|Kikuyu]], [[Kaunti ya Kiambu]], katikati mwa Kenya, ambako alipata Diploma ya Shule ya Upili mwaka [[2002]].<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/pharmacy/images/2018/Dr.%20Juliet%20Makanga-CV.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae of Juliet Obanda Makanga, PhD|publisher=[[Kenyatta University|Kenyatta University School of Pharmacy]]|author=Kenyatta University|access-date=3 December 2018|date=3 December 2018|location=Nairobi|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101849/http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/pharmacy/images/2018/Dr.%20Juliet%20Makanga-CV.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2003]], alipata Udhamini wa Serikali ya Japani (Monbukagakusho Scholarship), kwa ajili ya kusomea famasia nchini Japani. Alitumia mwaka wake wa kwanza huko Japani katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Tokyo]] cha Mafunzo ya Lugha za Kigeni, ambako alipata cheti cha ustadi wa [[Kijapani|lugha ya Kijapani]].<ref name="2R" /> Baadaye, alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Kanazawa katika mji wa Kanazawa, ndani ya Prefekti ya Ishikawa, katika Eneo la Chūbu, kwenye Kisiwa cha Honshu (Kisiwa Kikuu) cha Japani. Alitumia miaka kumi na moja katika ''Taasi ya Sayansi ya Matibabu, Famasia na Afya'' ya chuo hicho, ambako alihitimu na Shahada ya Sayansi ya Famasia mwaka [[2008]], Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi ya Famasia mwaka [[2010]], na Shahada ya Uzamivu ([[PhD]]) ya Sayansi ya Famasia mwaka [[2015]].<ref name="2R" /><ref name="3R">{{cite web|url=https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf|title=Top 40 Under 40 Women In Kenya, 2018|date=September 2018|access-date=27 February 2023|newspaper=[[Business Daily Africa]]|author=Gitagama S, Mshindi T, Rapuro O, Mwango D, Pereruan J, Ngila D, Njau S, Awino G, Manthi S|location=[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]|archive-date=2018-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929080021/https://cdn.nation.co.ke/pdfs/Top40under40Women2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Kenya]] t1rb45v4irinhx7o5oc9zoh19k3z14t 0 196986 1580581 1384797 2026-07-19T16:31:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Munshaw''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] wa [[muziki wa country]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kennymunshaw.com/ |title=Official Site |accessdate=2025-01-11 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202205313/http://www.kennymunshaw.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] mrcdp5976ixifp55lytyf9vheckfpkv 1580616 1580581 2026-07-19T21:32:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1580616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Munshaw''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] wa [[muziki wa country]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kennymunshaw.com/ |title=Official Site |accessdate=2025-01-11 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202205313/http://www.kennymunshaw.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 338pp3cx3otc98o268oia694kujcfsd 0 202212 1580630 1575891 2026-07-20T02:48:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580630 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:2023.08.26. Marian Turski Fot Mariusz Kubik 02 (4x5 cropped).JPG|thumb|Marian Turski]] '''Marian Turski''' (alizaliwa Moshe Turbowicz; [[26 Juni]] [[1926]] – [[18 Februari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa historia kutoka [[Polandi|Poland]], [[mwandishi wa habari]], na miongoni mwa waokokaji wa Mauaji ya Kimbari ya [[Wayahudi]] (Holocaust). Alihudumu kama mhariri mkuu wa Sztandar Młodych, gazeti la kila siku la kitaifa la Shirikisho la Vijana wa [[Kipoland]] kutoka [[1956]] hadi [[1957]], na baadaye, kuanzia [[1958]], alifanya kazi kama mwandishi katika gazeti la kila wiki la Polityka, akiwa mkuu wa idara ya kihistoria ya gazeti hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/voices-from-lodz-ghetto/conversations-with-survivors/marian-turski-deportation|title=Marian Turski: Deportation — Media — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|website=www.ushmm.org|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=21 May 2019|title=Marian Turski – Stowarzyszenie Żydowski Instytut Historyczny w Polsce|url=https://szih.org.pl/ludzie/marian-turski/|access-date=18 February 2025|language=pl-PL|archive-date=2025-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226082902/https://szih.org.pl/ludzie/marian-turski/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=STOWARZYSZENIE ŻYDÓW KOMBATANTÓW I POSZKODOWANYCH W II WOJNIE ŚWIATOWEJ {{!}} Rejestr.io|url=https://rejestr.io/krs/127872/stowarzyszenie-zydow-kombatantow-i-poszkodowanych-w-ii-wojnie-swiatowej|access-date=18 February 2025|website=rejestr.io|archive-date=2025-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250606204218/https://rejestr.io/krs/127872/stowarzyszenie-zydow-kombatantow-i-poszkodowanych-w-ii-wojnie-swiatowej|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=www.auschwitz.org|title=Members of the IAC (4th Term of Office) / The International Auschwitz Council / Museum / Auschwitz-Birkenau|url=https://www.auschwitz.org/en/museum/auschwitz-council/members-of-the-international-auschwitz-council-4th-term-of-offi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912154436/https://www.auschwitz.org/en/museum/auschwitz-council/members-of-the-international-auschwitz-council-4th-term-of-offi/|archive-date=2024-09-12|access-date=18 February 2025|website=www.auschwitz.org|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rada Muzeum {{!}} Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLIN w Warszawie|url=https://polin.pl/pl/rada-muzeum|access-date=18 February 2025|website=polin.pl|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marian Turski Honorary Citizen of Warsaw|url=https://um.warszawa.pl/waw/radawarszawy/-/marian-turski-honorary-citizen-of-warsaw|access-date=18 February 2024|website=Warsaw City Council}}</ref> == Marejeo == <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Polandi]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} l32rub3jurnmhx0vsxbyegyi23ad9kx 4 208508 1580554 1580519 2026-07-19T13:27:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1580554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15258 || ↓ -17.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 88.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 3 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 6 || [[Misri]] || 446 || ↑ +38.5% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 441 || ↓ -24.6% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 409 || ↓ -15.3% |- | 9 || [[Uturuki]] || 395 || ↓ -17.2% |- | 10 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 373 || ↑ +143.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 591 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} cs6x8s8a34nfrivtijwmu5hxuop4ior 1580556 1580554 2026-07-19T13:38:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1580556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 590 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} h1e6tuihy8gg50ybxkwdhjgr666mmpy 1580561 1580556 2026-07-19T14:34:52Z Gayle157 73366 /* Takwimu za Jumla */ 1580561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 590 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} sgm5ubgxxf61kzp4jzeo2i9m0oq533a 1580562 1580561 2026-07-19T14:36:35Z Gayle157 73366 1580562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 590 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 9lkei51fpmk6nku6b31ja1wbjcpy6wb 1580601 1580562 2026-07-19T19:13:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1580601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 590 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} b0zw1e7r7wr8yvnsgjtayyli6y1nrqx 1580602 1580601 2026-07-19T19:15:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1580602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-19) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-19)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2742 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 997 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 973 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 441 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 409 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 697 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 673 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1084 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 315 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} linc0g7n4eblh5ek09uuuwgf84ze02i 1580631 1580602 2026-07-20T03:34:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1580631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 675 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2706 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1008 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 957 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 371 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 309 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 311 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25830 || ↓ -16.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 150.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2742 || ↓ -2.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1084 || ↓ -23.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 997 || ↓ -26.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 697 || ↑ +73.0% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 673 || ↑ +47.3% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 541 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +10.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 476 || ↓ -37.9% |- | 10 || [[Kanada]] || 471 || ↑ +16.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 6q24aicm8j0v5mq5g175qik38c2vaup 1580632 1580631 2026-07-20T03:42:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1580632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 675 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2706 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1008 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 957 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 371 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 462 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 309 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 311 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9641 || ↓ -18.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 56.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1068 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 976 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 675 || ↓ -7.9% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 614 || ↑ +27.4% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 439 || ↓ -20.2% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 411 || ↑ +30.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 398 || ↓ -18.1% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 393 || ↓ -16.9% |- | 9 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 373 || ↑ +137.6% |- | 10 || [[Norwei]] || 311 || ↑ +148.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ghzjflbhz7fa5gjr2n2jgkbtwb8mqj6 1580657 1580632 2026-07-20T09:23:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1580657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 675 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2706 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 976 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 957 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 371 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 247 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1068 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 309 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 311 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9641 || ↓ -18.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 56.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1068 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 976 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 675 || ↓ -7.9% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 614 || ↑ +27.4% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 439 || ↓ -20.2% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 411 || ↑ +30.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 398 || ↓ -18.1% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 393 || ↓ -16.9% |- | 9 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 373 || ↑ +137.6% |- | 10 || [[Norwei]] || 311 || ↑ +148.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} h66biazjuoedwr0fdtuhipw6ialu2uy 1580661 1580657 2026-07-20T09:26:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1580661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 675 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2706 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 976 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 957 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 371 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 398 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 247 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 266 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1068 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 309 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 348 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 311 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34971 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 25608 || ↓ -17.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 148.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2706 || ↓ -4.1% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1068 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 976 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 4 || [[Ufaransa]] || 679 || ↑ +50.2% |- | 5 || [[Kenya]] || 675 || ↓ -7.9% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 614 || ↑ +27.4% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 538 || ↓ -19.5% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 508 || ↑ +11.9% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↓ -36.7% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 457 || ↑ +41.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.6% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 359 || 26.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 131 || 9.5% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 125 || 9.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} pn6n5eu4w87thf344jng7ycmsf8v0nf 3 211717 1580699 1444965 2026-07-20T09:55:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|Abubakari Sixberth]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|majadiliano]])''' 08:46, 15 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu, umeanza kuchangia vizuri, ila makala ni fupi mno. Jitahidi kuongeza walau mistari michache. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 8ghyeahspsptqes8nkzsq0vigojdk4k 0 214558 1580599 1457334 2026-07-19T18:48:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Kipanga mlolongo wa jeni''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''DNA Sequencer'') ni chombo cha kisayansi kinachotumiwa kuhariri mchakato wa mpangilio wa [[DNA]]. Kwa kuzingatia sampuli ya DNA, mpangilio wa DNA hutumiwa kuamua mpangilio wa besi nne: G (guanini), C (cytosine), A (adenine) na T (thymine). Hii basi inaripotiwa kama mfuatano wa maandishi, unaoitwa kusoma. Baadhi ya vifuatavyo vya DNA vinaweza pia kuchukuliwa kuwa ala za macho vinapochanganua mawimbi ya mwanga yanayotoka kwenye florokromu zilizoambatishwa kwenye nyukleotidi. Mfuatano wa kwanza otomatiki wa DNA, uliovumbuliwa na Lloyd M. Smith, ulianzishwa na Applied Biosystems mwaka wa 1987.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cook-Deegan|first1=Robert Mullan|title=Origins of the Human Genome Project|journal=FASEB Journal|year=1991|volume=5|issue=1|pages=8–11|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/mccurdy/Project.doc|publisher=University of Washington|doi=10.1096/fasebj.5.1.1991595|doi-access=free|pmid=1991595|s2cid=37792736|access-date=20 October 2014|archive-date=2020-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232436/http://faculty.washington.edu/mccurdy/Project.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ilitumia mbinu ya mpangilio ya Sanger, teknolojia ambayo iliunda msingi wa "kizazi cha kwanza" cha vifuatavyo vya DNA <ref name=Metzker>{{cite journal |author=Metzker, M. L. |title=Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing |journal=Genome Res. |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=1767–1776 |year=2005 |pmid=16339375 |doi= 10.1101/gr.3770505|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Hutchison, C. A. III. 2007 6227–6237">{{cite journal |author=Hutchison, C. A. III. |title=DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=35 |issue=18 |pages=6227–6237 |year=2007 |pmid=17855400 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkm688 |pmc=2094077}}</ref> na kuwezesha kukamilika kwa mradi wa jenomu ya binadamu mwaka wa 2001. Kizazi hiki cha kwanza cha mpangilio wa DNA kimsingi ni mifumo otomatiki ya elektrophoresis ambayo hugundua uhamishaji wa vipande vya DNA vilivyo na lebo. Kwa hivyo, vitambulisho hivi vinaweza pia kutumika katika uchanganuzi wa jenoti za vialamisho vya vinasaba ambapo urefu wa vipande vya DNA pekee ndio unahitaji kubainishwa (k.m. satelaiti ndogo, AFLPs). Mradi wa Jenomu ya Binadamu ulichochea uundaji wa mifumo ya bei nafuu, ya juu na sahihi zaidi inayojulikana kama Next Generation Sequencers (NGS) ili kufuata jenomu ya binadamu. Hizi ni pamoja na majukwaa ya mpangilio wa 454, SOLiD na Illumina DNA. Mashine za kupanga mpangilio za kizazi kijacho zimeongeza kasi ya mpangilio wa DNA kwa kiasi kikubwa, ikilinganishwa na mbinu za awali za Sanger. Sampuli za DNA zinaweza kutayarishwa kiotomatiki katika muda wa dakika 90, ilhali jenomu ya binadamu inaweza kupangwa mara 15 katika muda wa siku chache Vifuatavyo vya hivi majuzi zaidi vya DNA vya kizazi cha tatu kama vile PacBio SMRT na Oxford Nanopore vinatoa uwezekano wa kupanga molekuli ndefu, ikilinganishwa na teknolojia za kusoma kwa muda mfupi kama vile Illumina SBS au DNBSEQ ya MGI Tech. Kwa sababu ya mapungufu katika teknolojia ya mfuatano wa DNA, usomaji wa nyingi za teknolojia hizi ni fupi, ikilinganishwa na urefu wa jenomu kwa hivyo usomaji lazima ukutanishwe katika mikondo mirefu.Data inaweza pia kuwa na makosa, yanayosababishwa na mapungufu katika mbinu ya kupanga DNA au makosa wakati wa ukuzaji wa PCR. Watengenezaji wa mpangilio wa DNA hutumia idadi ya mbinu tofauti ili kugundua ni misingi gani ya DNA iliyopo. Itifaki mahususi zinazotumika katika majukwaa tofauti ya mpangilio zina athari katika data ya mwisho inayotolewa. Kwa hivyo, kulinganisha ubora wa data na gharama katika teknolojia tofauti inaweza kuwa kazi kubwa. Kila mtengenezaji hutoa njia zao za kufahamisha makosa ya mpangilio na alama. Hata hivyo, makosa na alama kati ya mifumo tofauti haziwezi kulinganishwa moja kwa moja kila wakati. Kwa kuwa mifumo hii inategemea mbinu tofauti za kupanga mpangilio wa DNA, kuchagua mpangilio bora wa DNA na mbinu kwa kawaida itategemea malengo ya majaribio na bajeti inayopatikana. ==Historia== Mbinu za kwanza za upimaji mlolongo wa DNA zilibuniwa na Gilbert (1973) na Sanger (1975). Gilbert alianzisha mbinu ya upimaji mlolongo iliyohusisha mabadiliko ya kikemikali ya DNA kisha kufuatiwa na kukata kwenye besi maalumu, ilhali mbinu ya Sanger ilitegemea kusimamishwa kwa mnyororo kwa kutumia dideoksinukleotidi. Mbinu ya Sanger ikawa maarufu kwa sababu ya uwezo wake mkubwa na kiwango kidogo cha mionzi. Kipimaji cha kwanza cha DNA kilichoendeshwa kiotomatiki kilikuwa AB370A, kilichozinduliwa mwaka 1986 na Applied Biosystems. AB370A kiliweza kupima mlolongo wa sampuli 96 kwa wakati mmoja, kilobesi 500 kwa siku, na kufikia urefu wa usomaji hadi besi 600. Hii ndiyo ilikuwa mwanzo wa kizazi cha kwanza cha vipimaji mlolongo vya DNA, ambavyo vilitumia upimaji wa Sanger, dideoksinukleotidi zenye floresensi, na jeli za polyacrylamide zilizowekwa kati ya sahani za kioo – maarufu kama slab gels. Maendeleo makubwa yaliyofuata yalikuwa uzinduzi wa AB310 mwaka 1995, ambacho kilitumia polima ya mstari ndani ya kapilari badala ya slab gel kwa ajili ya kutenganisha nyuzi za DNA kwa njia ya umeme-mgawanyo (electrophoresis). Mbinu hizi ndizo zilizoweka msingi wa kukamilika kwa Mradi wa Jeni za Binadamu mwaka 2001. Mradi wa Jeni za Binadamu ulisababisha kuibuka kwa majukwaa mapya ya gharama nafuu, yenye uwezo wa kuchakata sampuli nyingi kwa haraka na kwa usahihi mkubwa yanayojulikana kama Vipimaji Mlolongo vya Kizazi Kipya (Next Generation Sequencers – NGS). Mwaka 2005, kampuni ya 454 Life Sciences ilizindua kipimaji mlolongo cha 454, kikafuatiwa na Solexa Genome Analyzer na SOLiD (Supported Oligo Ligation Detection) kutoka Agencourt mwaka 2006. Applied Biosystems ilinunua Agencourt mwaka 2006, na mwaka 2007, Roche ilinunua 454 Life Sciences, huku Illumina ikinunua Solexa. Ion Torrent iliingia sokoni mwaka 2010 na ilinunuliwa na Life Technologies (ambayo sasa ni Thermo Fisher Scientific). Aidha, BGI ilianza kutengeneza vipimaji mlolongo nchini China baada ya kununua Complete Genomics chini ya kitengo chake cha MGI. Hadi sasa, hivi ndivyo bado vinavyotumika zaidi kama mifumo ya NGS kwa sababu ya gharama zao shindani, usahihi, na utendaji bora. ==Marejeo== [[Category:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] sqftntnrduqnpwtbslqh6l9q9vkubg7 0 217887 1580611 1472058 2026-07-19T20:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580611 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kwagh-hir mask.jpg|thumb|Maski ya Kwagh-hir ya miaka ya 1960]] '''Kwagh-hir''' (maana halisi ni: ''kitu cha kichawi'' au ''kitu cha uchawi'' na inatamkwa ''kwaa-hii'') ni aina ya [[sanaa]] yenye vipengele vingi na yenye mafundisho ya kitamaduni ya Wativ wa katikati mwa [[Nigeria]] ambayo ilipata umaarufu katika miaka ya 1960. Ni onyesho la hadhara lenye kuigiza linalosimulia hadithi za kimaadili za matukio ya zamani na ya sasa, na huunganisha uchezeshaji wa vibonzo (puppetry), sherehe za barakoa (masquerading), [[mashairi]], [[muziki]], [[dansi]] na simulizi zenye uhai ili kuonyesha mada zake za kimaadili. Inatumika na watu wa Tiv kuimarisha imani za kitamaduni na kueneza hadithi za kipekee kwa elimu, kuelimisha kijamii, kutoa burudani ya kijamii na kushughulikia masuala ya jamii.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |title= Kwagh Hir |website= raifilm.org.uk |date= 2020 |access-date= 19 February 2020 |archive-date= 2020-02-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200224191231/https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="KWA">{{cite web|url= https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kwagh-hir-theatrical-performance-00683|title= Kwagh-Hir theatrical performance |accessdate=21 February 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> Kwagh-hir ni aina ya sanaa ya juu zaidi ya kwagh-alom, desturi ya zamani ya watu wa Tiv ambapo familia ilifurahiwa na kikao cha hadithi kilichosimuliwa na wasimuliaji wabunifu, kawaida katika saa za mapema za usiku baada ya kazi za shambani za siku hiyo, chini ya mwanga wa mwezi.<ref name="KPH">{{cite journal | last = Harper | first = Peggy | date = October 1997 | title = The Kwagh-hir of the People of Tiv: A Note on Dramatised History Telling and Constructions of Nature among the Tiv of Southern Nigeria | url = http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2949 | journal = Environment and History | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 371–376 | doi = 10.3197/096734097779555845 | access-date = 20 February 2020 }}</ref> Aina inayojulikana zaidi ya kwagh-hir kulingana na ''Jonathan Fogel'' linaweza kuwa onyesho la ''Punch na Judy'', ambapo wahusika wanaotambulika husherehesha wanasiasa wa sasa na matukio ya habari huku pia wakirejelea mila na desturi mbalimbali za kitamaduni.<ref name="KRB">{{cite book |last=Bunch |first=Richard |date=2017 |title=Something Magical: The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url= |location= |publisher=BFP Publishing |page= i |isbn=978-0-692-98547-2 |author-link= }}</ref> Kwagh-hir iliingizwa kwenye Orodha ya Uwakilishi ya Urithi wa Utamaduni Usioonekana wa Binadamu mnamo 2019 kwa uamuzi wa Kamati ya Kihali ya Serikali: 14.COM 10.B.27.<ref name=KWA/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://thenationonlineng.net/unesco-lists-kwagh-hir-theatre-on-heritage-roll/ |title= UNESCO lists Kwagh-Hir theatre on heritage roll |website= thenationonlineng.net |date=2019 |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Sanaa ya Afrika]] 2fgfomcvykhg3ypofjez9vuzgt0xqne 0 219353 1580621 1479454 2026-07-19T22:52:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis van der Westhuizen''' (alizaliwa [[25 Februari]], [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa chama cha raga cha [[Namibia]]. <ref name="Bio">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/player/206177.html|title=Louis van der Westhuizen|publisher=ESPN|date=18 September 2015|accessdate=18 September 2015|archive-date=2015-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002021358/http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/player/206177.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alitajwa katika kikosi cha Namibia kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la [[2015]], pamoja na Kombe la Dunia la Raga la [[2023]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/news/86968|title=Jacques Burger to lead Namibia in RWC 2015|publisher=Rugby World Cup|date=27 August 2015|accessdate=27 August 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] tduao4xd7j6srzwif7f2w49o7z6kh80 0 219523 1580608 1517372 2026-07-19T19:53:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kofi Setordji''' (alizaliwa [[1957]]) ni [[msanii]] wa taswira wa fani nyingi aliishi nchini [[Ghana]]. Kazi zake ni kati ya usanifu wa michoro, usanifu wa nguo, [[uchongaji]] na [[uchoraji]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kofi Setordji artist profile |url=https://artzuid.nl/en/artzuid-artists/kofi-setordji/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=ARTZUID |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kofi Setordji - Biography |url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/artists/285-kofi-setordji/biography/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=SMO Contemporary Art |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kofi Setordji |url=https://www.nubukefoundation.org/artist.php?artist=S2xtM2dkY2lWRkVGS3Z2YzRsOGJ6Zz09 |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=Nubuke Foundation |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127012820/https://www.nubukefoundation.org/artist.php?artist=S2xtM2dkY2lWRkVGS3Z2YzRsOGJ6Zz09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Elimu na taaluma == Setordji alizaliwa mwaka 1957 mjini [[Accra]]. Alisoma katika Methodist Secondary School huko Accra, na baadaye akapata mafunzo kama msanii wa kibiashara. Alikuwa mfanyakazi wa mafunzo kwa mchoraji wa katuni wa Ghana, Ghanatta Yaw Boakye. Kutoka mwaka [[1984]] hadi [[1987]], Setordji alikuwa mfanyakazi wa mafunzo kwa msanii na mwandishi wa tamthilia wa Ghana, [[Saka Acquaye]]. Alianza kufanya kazi kwenye jiwe la mchanga mwaka [[1985]] na kuanza kuonyesha kazi zake huko Accra. Tangu hapo, amewashirikisha watu kazi zake [[Ufaransa]], [[Italia]], [[Denmaki]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Austria]], [[Afrika Kusini]], na [[Marekani]].<ref name="Revue noire">{{Rejea kitabu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3TrAAAAMAAJ&q=kofi+setordji|title=Revue noire|date=1999|publisher=Publications Editions Bleu Outremer|language=fr}}</ref> Mbali na shughuli zake za kisanii, Setordji ni mlezi kwa wapiga picha wengi wa kisasa wanaofanya kazi Accra. Alianzisha Arthaus, mpango wa ukaazi kwa wasanii. Zaidi ya hayo, ni mwanachama mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa ubunifu wa zamani wa Nubuke Foundation, kituo cha sanaa ya kisasa mjini Accra.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea jarida |date=2014-03-01|title=Kofi Setordji: Retrospective, 1997–2012|url=https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_r_00125|journal=African Arts|volume=47|issue=1|pages=85–87|doi=10.1162/AFAR_r_00125|s2cid=192974398|issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] 1b906hhczazku4814qfioubieu5j3a6 0 220182 1580603 1480462 2026-07-19T19:41:15Z ISSA RAMADHAN 91050 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|2 */ 1580603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mo Abrrao''' (17 Oktoba 1963 - 12 machi 2016)<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref> <ref name=":1">Abbaro, Halida and Besheer (2016), "Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro 1933-2016", ''CPA News: The Craft Potters Association'', Number 167, pp. 8–9.</ref>pia anajulikana kitaaluma kama Mo Abdalla au Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro, alikuwa mchapaji wa udongo na mbunifu wa vyombo wa Sudan aliyekaa [[London]] ambaye amewekwa katika hadhi ya moja ya wchoraji wa udongo bora zaidi duniani kama alivyo sema msanii Oliver Bloom. ==Maisha na kazi== Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro alizaliwa Abu Jibayha [[Sudan]].<ref name=":0" />Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Sanaa za Ubora na Sanaa zilizotumika (Fine and Applied Arts) kutoka Taasisi ya Ufundi Khartoum mwaka 1958,<ref name=":0" />na mwaka uliofuata alipata ufadhili na kwenda london kusoma ufundi wa udongo katika Shule Kuu ya Sanaa.<ref name=":0" />Baadaye alisoma masomo ya juu ya maendeleo ya ubunifu wa vyombo vya udongo vilivyo pigwa moto katika chuo cha North Staffs College of Ceramic Technology. Alifundisha ceramics katika kituo cha sanaa cha Camden [[(Camden Arts Crnter)|(Camden Arts Crnter )]] kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili,<ref name=":1" />na alishiriki katika maonyesho mengi london pamoja na Barbican Center Whitechapel Gllery (katika kipengele chav afrika 95)<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref>,Mall Galleries na Iraq Culural center na sehemu nyingine nchini uingereza ,pamoja na Marekani na Sweeden.baadae pia katika safari ya maisha yake aliangukia katika uandishi akichapisha vitabu kuhusu mbinu za kutengeneza vyombo vya udongo kama vile On the Interplay of Forms and Surfaces (2000), pamoja na historia ya familia yake ikiwa ni pamoja na The History of the Abbaros of Sudan since the 15th century (1997) Vifaa vyake vya ceramic viko katika makusanyo ya British Museum ,London, Institut du Monde Arabe Paris, na Smithsonian Museum Washington.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref>Kazi yake pia iliwekwa katika maonyesho ya Frederique Cifuents 2017 yalyoitwa Sudan ;Emergece of Singularities katika p21 gallery London. == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|2016}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Sudan]] 75qbaxg4vhi26ap2n0jwmmyydc05jat 1580604 1580603 2026-07-19T19:47:58Z ISSA RAMADHAN 91050 NI MWANDISHI WA VITABU 1580604 wikitext text/x-wiki ISSA RAMADHAN [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Sudan]] p3dgqq8ff1v66ihbljc903kvw3s5vne 1580606 1580604 2026-07-19T19:51:13Z ISSA RAMADHAN 91050 Issa Ramadhan ni Mwandishi wa vitabu amewahi kuandika vitabu vya riwaya vya kusisimua vinavyojulikana kama Kijasho Chembamba, Damu Mbichi, Enzi za Uhai Wangu, na Mauaji ya Muuaji. Vitabu hivi vyote vinapatikana mitaani nchini TANZANIA. 1580606 wikitext text/x-wiki Issa Ramadhan mwandishi ni amewahi kuandika vitabu vya riwaya vya kusisimua vinavyojulikana kama Kijasho Chembamba, Damu Mbichi, Enzi za Uhai Wangu, na Mauaji ya Muuaji. Vitabu hivi vyote vinapatikana mitaani [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Sudan]] p5pnxboy9a80zq4zaekf4sv59mogvqz 1580607 1580606 2026-07-19T19:52:39Z ISSA RAMADHAN 91050 Issa Ramadhan ni mwandishi wa vitabu amewai kuandika vitabu vya riwaya vya kusisimua vinavyojulikana kama Kijasho Chembamba, Damu Mbichi, Enzi za Uhai Wangu, na Mauaji ya Muuaji. Vitabu hivi vyote vinapatikana mitaani 1580607 wikitext text/x-wiki Issa Ramadhan ni mwandishi wa vitabu amewahi kuandika vitabu vya riwaya vya kusisimua vinavyojulikana kama Kijasho Chembamba, Damu Mbichi, Enzi za Uhai Wangu, na Mauaji ya Muuaji. Vitabu hivi vyote vinapatikana mitaani [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Sudan]] t102lnyikemrm4t2s5vschpn4kkeesy 1580700 1580607 2026-07-20T09:57:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/ISSA RAMADHAN|ISSA RAMADHAN]] ([[User talk:ISSA RAMADHAN|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] 1480462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mo Abrrao''' (17 Oktoba 1963 - 12 machi 2016)<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref> <ref name=":1">Abbaro, Halida and Besheer (2016), "Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro 1933-2016", ''CPA News: The Craft Potters Association'', Number 167, pp. 8–9.</ref>pia anajulikana kitaaluma kama Mo Abdalla au Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro, alikuwa mchapaji wa udongo na mbunifu wa vyombo wa Sudan aliyekaa London ambaye amewekwa katika hadhi ya moja ya wchoraji wa udongo bora zaidi duniani kama alivyo sema msanii Oliver Bloom. ==Maisha na kazi== Mohammed Ahmed Abdalla Abbaro alizaliwa Abu Jibayha [[Sudan]].<ref name=":0" />Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Sanaa za Ubora na Sanaa zilizotumika (Fine and Applied Arts) kutoka Taasisi ya Ufundi Khartoum mwaka 1958,<ref name=":0" />na mwaka uliofuata alipata ufadhili na kwenda london kusoma ufundi wa udongo katika Shule Kuu ya Sanaa.<ref name=":0" />Baadaye alisoma masomo ya juu ya maendeleo ya ubunifu wa vyombo vya udongo vilivyo pigwa moto katika chuo cha North Staffs College of Ceramic Technology. Alifundisha ceramics katika kituo cha sanaa cha Camden [[(Camden Arts Crnter)|(Camden Arts Crnter )]] kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili,<ref name=":1" />na alishiriki katika maonyesho mengi london pamoja na Barbican Center Whitechapel Gllery (katika kipengele chav afrika 95)<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref>,Mall Galleries na Iraq Culural center na sehemu nyingine nchini uingereza ,pamoja na Marekani na Sweeden.baadae pia katika safari ya maisha yake aliangukia katika uandishi akichapisha vitabu kuhusu mbinu za kutengeneza vyombo vya udongo kama vile On the Interplay of Forms and Surfaces (2000), pamoja na historia ya familia yake ikiwa ni pamoja na The History of the Abbaros of Sudan since the 15th century (1997) Vifaa vyake vya ceramic viko katika makusanyo ya British Museum ,London, Institut du Monde Arabe Paris, na Smithsonian Museum Washington.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mo Abbaro|date=2025-01-07|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mo_Abbaro&oldid=1267846612|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref>Kazi yake pia iliwekwa katika maonyesho ya Frederique Cifuents 2017 yalyoitwa Sudan ;Emergece of Singularities katika p21 gallery London. == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|2016}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Sudan]] eyavs8xovjv9uv74p4ba4uh56jetuhc 0 220852 1580629 1519424 2026-07-20T02:37:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Teresa Armengol i Bonet''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Andorra]]. Aliingia kwenye historia baada ya kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kidemokrasia kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza Kuu la Andorra (General Council) katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa mwaka 1985. Alihudumu katika wadhifa huo hadi mwisho wa muhula wa bunge mwaka 1989.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.justicia.ad/consell-superior-de-la-justicia/|title=COMPOSICIÓ DEL CONSELL SUPERIOR DE LA JUSTÍCIA|website=Justícia d'Andorra|accessdate=2026-01-22|archive-date=2025-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427231751/https://www.justicia.ad/consell-superior-de-la-justicia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2005, Armengol aliweka rekodi nyingine kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuteuliwa katika Baraza Kuu la Haki la Andorra (Superior Council of Justice of Andorra). Aliteuliwa na majaji wa Andorra na alishikilia nafasi hiyo hadi mwaka 2011, akichangia katika uongozi na usimamizi wa mfumo wa haki wa nchi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.consellgeneral.ad/ca/el-consell-dandorra/les-dones-al-consell-general|website=General Council of Andorra|title=Les dones al Consell General|language=ca|accessdate=2026-01-22|archive-date=2025-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110081218/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/ca/el-consell-dandorra/les-dones-al-consell-general|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Andorra]] icngupb2dk9nyau0fac1lz9sh6trxny 0 221467 1580619 1577725 2026-07-19T22:39:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi = |jina =Lonah Chemtai Salpeter |picha =Lonah Chemtai Salpeter 2018 ECh.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha =Salpeter katika Mashindano ya riadha ya Ulaya ya 2018 Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya mwaka wa 2018 |jina la kuzaliwa = Lonah Korlima Chemtai |alizaliwa = 12/12/1988 |alikufa = |nchi =Israeli |kazi yake = |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }}'''Lonah Korlima Chemtai Salpeter''' (alizaliwa [[12 Desemba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio za Olimpiki kutoka [[Israeli]]. Alizaliwa [[Kenya]] lakini anaongoza Israel kimataifa. Alipata [[medali]] ya shaba kwenye mbio za marathoni katika Michuano ya Dunia ya Atletiki 2022. Katika Michuano ya Ulaya ya Atletiki kwenye mbio za 10,000m, Salpeter alipata medali ya dhahabu mwaka 2018 na medali ya shaba mwaka 2022. Pia alishinda Tokyo Marathoni 2020, alipata medali ya fedha katika New York City Marathon 2022, na kumaliza wa tatu katika Boston Marathon 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://xnet.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4804739,00.html|title=המירוץ של לונה: "מקבלת המון תמיכה ופרגון מעוברי אורח ברחוב"|website=Ynet|date=May 19, 2016}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Lonah Chemtai alizaliwa na kukulia katika kijiji kidogo cha Kapkanyar, katika Kaunti ya Pokot Magharibi, ndani ya Bonde la Ufa la magharibi mwa Kenya, akiwa mwanachama wa kabila la Pokot ambalo ni sehemu ya watu wa Kalenjin.<ref name="auto22">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qp7CcqpRLyE|title=Lonah Salpeter &#124; Unscripted|date=17 Machi 2020 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=love/><ref name=autogenerated1/><ref name="auto4"/> Wanajamii wa kabila hilo huzungumza lugha ya Pokot na [[Swahili language|Kiswahili]], ni wapiganaji, na kwa kawaida hawapendi kukimbia ingawa wana uwezo mzuri wa mbio.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Alikulia katika makazi ya bati bila umeme wala maji ya bomba.<ref name=love>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/series/lonah-chemtai-salpeter-israel-distance-runnin|author=Lonah Chemtai Salpeter|title=Lonah Chemtai Salpeter: I love running because… &#124; European 10,000m champion Lonah Chemtai Salpeter of Israel talks about her passion and enthusiasm for distance running. SERIES|website=World Athletics|date=30 Agosti 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/s1cf8rjzj|title=Israeli Olympic medalist marathon runner recalls childhood in Kenya|first=Lior|last=Ohana|date=26 Septemba 2022|work=Ynet}}</ref><ref name="jewishpress1">[https://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/kenyan-born-lonah-chemtai-to-represent-israel-in-rio-marathon/2016/07/21/ "Kenyan-Born Lonah Chemtai to Represent Israel in Rio Marathon"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/kenyan-born-lonah-chemtai-to-represent-israel-in-rio-marathon/2016/07/21/ |date=20241126194548 }}. ''The Jewish Press'', 21 Julai 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref name="reuters1">Lewis, Ori. (19 Julai 2016) [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-athletics-israel-idUSKCN0ZZ2SM "Kenyan-born runner Chemtai going the distance for Israel"]. Reuters. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-mom-who-beat-the-odds-and-the-bureaucrats-to-become-israels-top-runner/|title=The mom who beat the odds, and the bureaucrats, to become Israel's top runner|first=Luke|last=Tress|website=The Times of Israel|date=16 Januari 2019}}</ref> Ana ndugu 12, na familia ililazimika kwenda kuchota maji mtoni karibu na makazi yao.<ref name="auto4"/> Shule yake ilikuwa umbali wa kilomita nne kutoka nyumbani.<ref name="auto4"/> Mwaka 2005, baba yake alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 55, na Lonah alimsaidia mama yake kwa kulima shamba la familia, kukamua ng’ombe, kupika, kufua, na kuchota maji mtoni.<ref name="auto4"/> Alifika [[Israel]] mwezi Desemba 2008 akiwa na umri wa miaka 20, akiwa hajawahi kuondoka kijijini kwake hapo awali, ili kufanya kazi ya kulea watoto watatu wenye umri chini ya miaka mitano wa ubalozi wa Kenya nchini Israel.<ref name="auto22"/><ref name=autogenerated1/> Awali mke wa balozi huyo alikuwa akisoma nchini Australia, lakini alirejea mwaka 2010.<ref name="auto22"/><ref name=autogenerated1/> Aliishi na kufanya kazi katika [[Herzliya]], karibu na [[Tel Aviv]].<ref name="auto15">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://worldathletics.org/spikes/news/lonah-chemtai-salpeter-equality|title=Equality &#124; SPIKES|date=25 Aprili 2019|author=Lonah Chemtai Salpeter |website=World Athletics}}</ref><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto6">Talya Minsberg (5 Novemba 2022). [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/05/sports/nyc-marathon-fastest-woman-salpeter.html "The Fastest Woman in This Year's New York City Marathon Is Israeli"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref name="auto7">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.jns.org/israeli-runner-travels-a-long-road-to-place-second-in-new-york-city-marathon/|title=Israeli runner travels a long road to place second in New York City Marathon|author=Howard Blas|date=8 Novemba 2022 |work=Jewish News Syndicate}}</ref><ref name="jewishpress1"/><ref name="timesofisrael1">Solomon, Shoshanna. (12 Machi 2016) [http://www.timesofisrael.com/tel-avivs-kenyan-born-marathon-winner-in-race-against-time-to-run-for-israel-in-rio/ "Tel Aviv's Kenyan-born marathon winner in race against time to run for Israel in Rio"]. ''The Times of Israel''. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref name="reuters1"/><ref name=autogenerated1 /> Alikutana na kocha wa mbio wa Israel, Dan Salpeter, mwaka 2011 alipokuwa mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu.<ref name="timesofisrael1"/> Wawili hao walifunga ndoa mwaka 2014, na baadaye mwaka huo akapata ujauzito.<ref name="timesofisrael1"/><ref name="jpost1">[https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Sports/Lonah-Korlima-Chemtai-462815 "Israeli Olympic profiles"]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. (31 Julai 2016). Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref>[http://thedailyvoicenews.com/2016/07/21/lonah-chemtai-whos-that-kenyan-brightening-israels-chances-in-rio-2016/ "Lonah Chemtai"] {{Wayback|url=http://thedailyvoicenews.com/2016/07/21/lonah-chemtai-whos-that-kenyan-brightening-israels-chances-in-rio-2016/ |date=20180818092514 }}. ''The Daily Voice''. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /> Mtoto wao wa kiume, Roy, alizaliwa mwezi Desemba 2014.<ref name="timesofisrael1"/><ref name="reuters1"/> Familia hiyo iliishi katika moshav Yanuv, katika Israel ya kati, na baadaye Shoham, pia katika eneo hilo.<ref name="Star">[http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/07/20/kenyan-born-runner-chemtai-going-the-distance-for-israel_c1389505 "Kenyan-born runner Chemtai going the distance for Israel"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/07/20/kenyan-born-runner-chemtai-going-the-distance-for-israel_c1389505 |date=20230423124743 }}. ''[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]]'', Kenya, 20 Julai 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Agosti 2016.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /> Alipata msaada katika jitihada zake za kupata uraia wa Israel kutoka kwa balozi wa Kenya nchini humo, Augostino Njoroge.<ref name=autogenerated1/> Muda mfupi baadaye, mwezi Machi 2016, Salpeter alipata uraia wa [[Israeli|Israel]] kutokana na ndoa yake na raia wa Israel, miaka minane baada ya kuanza kuishi nchini humo, na siku chache kabla ya muda wa mwisho wa kufuzu kushiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2016.<ref name=Star/><ref name="jpost1"/> Kwa sasa familia hiyo inaishi katika Kibbutz Lehavot HaBashan katika kaskazini mwa Israel.<ref name="auto2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.israel21c.org/this-olympic-champ-found-her-sport-on-the-streets-of-tel-aviv/|title=This Olympic champ found her sport on the streets of Tel Aviv|author=Naama Barak|date=20 Machi 2023|website=ISRAEL21c}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanariadha-kenya}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] coiiehimog410h1l14egaidbt1cf8o1 0 222084 1580623 1486799 2026-07-19T23:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luis María Alfageme''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[17 Desemba]] [[1984]]) ni mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Argentina]] anayekichezea klabu ya F.C. Matese nchini Italia kwenye Ligi ya Serie D, akicheza katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Taranto F.C. 1927|Taranto]]|url=https://www.tarantofootballclub.it/2020/07/30/raggiunto-laccordo-con-lattaccante-luis-alfageme/|title=RAGGIUNTO L'ACCORDO CON L'ATTACCANTE LUIS MARIA ALFAGEME|date=30 July 2020|language=Italian|accessdate=2026-02-04|archive-date=2021-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729082459/https://www.tarantofootballclub.it/2020/07/30/raggiunto-laccordo-con-lattaccante-luis-alfageme/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] ahxvfnxkg09n4uapcy2qln6wgtoeyre 0 223380 1580557 1542454 2026-07-19T13:53:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jovia Nakagolo''' (alizaliwa [[23 Julai]] [[2005]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uganda]] anayeshiriki katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji. Anaiwakilisha klabu ya Kawempe Muslim LFC katika ligi ya wanawake ya Uganda. Alitambulishwa kama Mchezaji Muhimu Zaidi (MVP) wa Kombe la Wanawake la FUFA mwaka 2025.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Edrine |first=Lubulwa |date=2025-06-28 |title=Amus College crowned 2025 FUFA Women Cup Champions |url=https://roramedia.net/amus-college-crowned-2025-fufa-women-cup-champions/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Rora Media Sports |lang=en-US}}</ref> Awali, Jovia alicheza kwa UCU Lady Cardinals FC katika mashindano ya kombe la taifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-06-17 |title=FUFA Women Cup: Rines eliminate UCU Lady Cardinals in semifinals |url=https://standard.ucu.ac.ug/fufa-women-cup-rines-eliminate-ucu-lady-cardinals-in-semifinals/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=The Standard Digital |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617080450/https://standard.ucu.ac.ug/fufa-women-cup-rines-eliminate-ucu-lady-cardinals-in-semifinals/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=FUFA Women Cup Archives |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/tag/fufa-women-cup/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Baadaye alijiunga na Kawempe Muslim LFC kwa mkopo, na baadaye akasainisha mkataba wa miaka mitatu kabla ya msimu wa 2025/26 wa Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya FUFA (Finance Trust Bank FUFA Women Super League).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Jr |first=Mugabi Geoffrey |date=2025-08-28 |title=Jovia Nakagolo: Striker Signs with Kawempe Muslim |url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/jovia-nakagolo-striker-signs-with-kawempe-muslim/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=SportsNation |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Klabu hiyo pia ilimuunga mkono kielimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kikristo cha Uganda (Uganda Christian University).<ref name=":0" /> Mchezaji Bora (MVP) wa ''2025 FUFA Women's Cup.''<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi ya klabu == Katika hatua za mwanzo za taaluma yake ya soka, Nakagolo aliichezea klabu ya UCU Lady Cardinals FC, ambapo alishiriki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya ndani ikiwemo kombe la taifa la wanawake la Uganda. Akiwa katika klabu hiyo alijitokeza kama mshambuliaji mwenye uwezo wa kufunga mabao na kusaidia timu katika safu ya ushambuliaji. Baadaye alijiunga na Kawempe Muslim Ladies FC kwa mkopo, kabla ya kusaini mkataba wa kudumu wa miaka mitatu kuelekea msimu wa 2025/26 wa Finance Trust Bank FUFA Women Super League. Uhamisho huo ulimpa nafasi ya kuendelea kukuza taaluma yake katika moja ya klabu zenye mafanikio makubwa katika soka la wanawake nchini Uganda. Mbali na maendeleo yake katika soka, Nakagolo pia alipata msaada wa kielimu kupitia ushirikiano kati ya klabu yake na Uganda Christian University, ambapo aliendelea na masomo yake sambamba na taaluma yake ya michezo. == Tuzo na mafanikio == * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano (MVP) - FUFA Women's Cup 2025. == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2005]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] p0ade50dacv5kg8v8zfv6ah72w1rtww 0 226056 1580558 1498722 2026-07-19T14:06:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan Carlos Manuel Aguilar Peña''' (alizaliwa [[London]], [[Uingereza]], [[20 Novemba]] [[1998]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Carlos Aguilar |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/juan-carlos-aguilar/a0bk/overview |publisher=ATP Tour |access-date=2026-03-21}}</ref>) ni [[mchezaji]] wa tenisi kutoka [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Bolivia]]. Aguilar aliwakilisha [[Bolivia]] kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2019, kabla ya kubadili kuwa raia wa [[Kanada]] mwaka 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Aguilar |url=https://12thman.com/sports/mens-tennis/roster/carlos-aguilar/10530 |publisher=Texas A&M Athletics |access-date=2026-03-21 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika mashindano ya vijana, alishinda taji la wachezaji wawili la [[US Open]] mwaka 2016 akiwa na [[Felipe Meligeni Alves]], wakiwashinda [[Félix Auger-Aliassime]] na [[Benjamin Sigouin]].<ref>{{cite web |title=US Open Junior Doubles Champions |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/visit/history/junior_doubles_champions.html |publisher=US Open |access-date=2026-03-21}}</ref>Alicheza katika timu ya [[Davis Cup]] kwa Bolivia, akirekodi ushindi mmoja na kipigo kimoja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Carlos Aguilar Davis Cup Profile |url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800384955 |publisher=Davis Cup |access-date=2026-03-21}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Bolivia]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kanada]] 0v7vbwkkrvxmaqc8cfhdujpdaj3r6nw 0 226148 1580622 1498956 2026-07-19T22:58:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luben Bojidarov Pampoulov''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]] [[1981]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa tenisi nchini [[Austria]] mwenye asili ya [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Luben Pampoulov |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/luben-pampoulov/p392/overview |publisher=ATP Tour |access-date=2026-03-22}}</ref> Baba yake Bozhidar Pampoulov na mjomba wake Matei walikuwa [[mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa tenisi waliwakilisha Bulgaria katika Davis Cup.<ref>{{cite web |title=Luben Pampoulov |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/luben-pampoulov/800194996/aut/mt/s/overview/ |publisher=ITF Tennis |access-date=2026-03-22}}</ref> Katika taaluma yake, alifikia cheo cha juu zaidi cha 392 duniani katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mwaka [[2000]]. Alishinda taji moja la Challenger katika mashindano ya wachezaji wawili huko [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] mwaka [[2003]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Luben Pampoulov |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/luben-pampoulov/p392/overview |publisher=ATP Tour |access-date=2026-03-22}}</ref> Baada ya kustaafu, alisoma na kucheza tenisi ya vyuo katika Chuo Kikuu cha California Los Angeles (UCLA), akiongoza timu yake kushinda ubingwa wa NCAA mwaka [[2005]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Luben Pampoulov – UCLA |url=https://uclabruins.com/sports/mens-tennis/roster/luben-pampoulov/ |publisher=UCLA Bruins |access-date=2026-03-22 |archive-date=2026-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260412214822/https://uclabruins.com/sports/mens-tennis/roster/luben-pampoulov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Bulgaria]] o11pfn6z5xflpgudlk5ave0h2y3uzdx 0 227192 1580559 1558961 2026-07-19T14:14:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Atieno Omumbo''' <ref name="FAAS">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Omumbo Judith Atieno|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/omumbo-judith-atieno|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> ni mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya mlipuko kutoka nchini Kenya ambaye anasoma uhusiano kati ya mabadiliko ya tabia ya nchi na magonjwa ya kuambukiza . Akiwa mfanyakazi wa muda mrefu katika Idara ya Afya ya Umma ya Malaria ya KEMRI/Wellcome Trust, yeye ni Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika cha mnamo mwaka wa 2012. == Wasifu == Omumbo alisoma shahada yake ya BDS katika Chuo cha Tiba katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]] na alisoma shahada yake ya MPH katika Chuo cha Afya ya Umma na Tiba ya Jamii ya Chuo Kikuu cha Hebrew cha Jerusalem Braun. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Judy Omumbo (0000-0002-9475-9346)|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9346|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=ORCID}}</ref> Alijiunga na Programu ya Utafiti ya KEMRI/Wellcome Trust mnamo mwaka wa 1995. <ref name="palisades">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://palisadesny.com/people/dr-judy-omumbo-voted-african-academy-sciences/|title=People &#124; 10964 - the Palisades Newsletter|accessdate=2026-04-08|archive-date=2026-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411130145/http://palisadesny.com/people/dr-judy-omumbo-voted-african-academy-sciences/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alisoma katika Chuo cha Green, Oxford kwa udhamini wa Wellcome Trust, akisoma Shahada yake katika Uzamivu katika Epidemiolojia mnamo mwaka wa 2005; <ref name="WMO">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Health {{!}} COVID-19 Research Task Team {{!}} Team Members|url=https://community.wmo.int/en/activity-areas/health/Task-Team/tm|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=World Meteorological Organization|archive-date=2025-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626014131/https://community.wmo.int/en/activity-areas/health/Task-Team/tm|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="palisades" /> tasnifu yake ya udaktari. ''Kutengeneza ramani ya hatari ya maambukizi ya malaria kwa Afrika Mashariki'' kulisimamiwa na Simon I. Hay, David Rogers, na Bob Snow. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Omumbo alifanya kazi katika Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Utafiti wa Hali ya Hewa na Jamii pia kama mtafiti na msaidizi wa programu ya barani Afrika hadi mwaka wa 2011. <ref name="palisades"/> Baadaye alijiunga na Idara ya Afya ya Umma ya Malaria ya KEMRI/Wellcome Trust, <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Omumbo |first=Judy A. |last2=Noor |first2=Abdisalan M. |last3=Fall |first3=Ibrahima S. |last4=Snow |first4=Robert W. |date=2013 |title=How well are malaria maps used to design and finance malaria control in Africa? |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=1 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...853198O |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0053198 |pmc=3543450 |pmid=23326398 |doi-access=free |article-number=e53198}}</ref> ambapo alikuwa mkuu wa kitengo chao cha athari za sera. <ref name="palisades" /> == Kazi == Omumbo ni mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya mlipuko ambaye pia ni mtaalamu wa uhusiano katika mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na magonjwa ya kuambukiza, hasa matumizi ya taarifa za hali ya hewa ili kufanya huduma ya afya ya Kiafrika kutibu magonjwa hayo. <ref name="inasp">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Judy Omumbo|url=https://www.inasp.info/people/judy-omumbo|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=INASP}}</ref> <ref name="WMO"/> Kazi yake ilihusisha matumizi ya mifumo ya taarifa za kijiografia kwa ajili ya magonjwa ya malaria katika [[Pembe ya Afrika|Pembe ya barani Afrika]] na nchi ya Kenya. <ref name="WMO" /> Omumbo aliongoza kwa pamoja Timu ya Utafiti ya ugonjwa COVID-19 ya [[Shirika la Hali ya Hewa ya Dunia|Shirika la Hali ya Hewa Duniani]] na Kamati ya Ushauri ya Kisayansi ya Utafiti wa Hali ya Hewa kwa Maendeleo. <ref name="WMO"/> <ref name="inasp"/> Pia amefanya kazi kama meneja wa programu ya ushirika ya postdoctoral ya bara la Afrika nzima. <ref name="inasp" /> Pia amefanya kazi kama mshauri wa kisayansi/kiufundi katika Programu Maalum ya [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] la Utafiti na Mafunzo katika Magonjwa ya Kitropiki, Mradi wa AvecNet, na Mtandao wa Kupambana na Malaria Duniani Pote, na pia amekuwa sehemu ya Bodi ya Utafiti ya WMO na pia bodi ya wakurugenzi ya HealthStrat wa nchini Kenya. <ref name="WMO" /> <ref name="inasp" /> == Tuzo na Utambuzi == Omumbo alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika mnamo mwaka wa 2012. <ref name="FAAS"/> Kufikia mwaka wa 2013, Omumbo aliishi Palisades, New York . <ref name="palisades"/> == Marejeleo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] djbh0bvkig0zj1ivcd516nbmt9n1s7z 0 227414 1580620 1518353 2026-07-19T22:44:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loretta Jacobus''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 6]], [[1962]]), alijulikana kama '''Loretta Bastardo-Ibanez''', ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyehudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Huduma za Magereza kuanzia Februari [[2006]] hadi Mei [[2009]]. Aliwakilisha Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini chini ya Chama cha Kitaifa cha Afrika (ANC) kuanzia [[2004]] hadi [[2013]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na Bunge la Kitaifa, Jacobus alihudumu katika Baraza la Kitaifa la Mikoa kuanzia [[1999]] hadi 2004, na katika Bunge la Mkoa wa Gauteng kuanzia [[1994]] hadi [[1999]]. Alishiriki kikamilifu katika mapambano dhidi ya ubaguzi wa rangi na aliwakilisha Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Afrika Kusini (SACP) wakati wa Mazungumzo ya Kikatiba ya Vyama Vingi mnamo [[1993]], yaliyopelekea kuundwa kwa mfumo wa kidemokrasia nchini Afrika Kusini. Pia, alihusiana na miradi ya maendeleo ya jamii na sera za kijamii katika mkoa wa [[Gauteng]]. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Loretta Jacobus alizaliwa Aprili 6, 1962, huko [[Port Elizabeth]], katika Jimbo la zamani la Cape. Alisomea kazi za kijamii katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Western Cape]] na katika miaka ya [[1980]] alikuwa mwalimu na mfanyakazi wa kijamii huko Transvaal, ambapo pia alijihusisha na mapambano dhidi ya ubaguzi wa rangi kupitia washirika wa United Democratic Front, hasa Bunge la Vijana la Afrika Kusini na Shirikisho la Wanawake wa [[Transvaal]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2007-08-01|title=Public sector: Ministers|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-08-01-public-service-ministers/|access-date=2023-04-12|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-11-30|title=Ms Loretta Jacobus|url=https://brandsouthafrica.com/90759/ms-loretta-jacobus/|access-date=2023-04-12|website=Brand South Africa|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412141830/https://brandsouthafrica.com/90759/ms-loretta-jacobus/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya ANC na SACP kuondolewa marufuku na serikali ya ubaguzi wa rangi mwaka [[1990]], Jacobus alichaguliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa tawi jipya la SACP la Johannesburg West. Baadaye alihudumu kama mweka hazina wa mkoa wa SACP huko Gauteng kuanzia [[1991]] hadi [[1994]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2 February 2006|title=Prisons gets new deputy|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/prisons-gets-new-deputy-20060202|access-date=2023-04-12|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Katika kipindi hicho, kuanzia [[1991]] hadi [[1993]], alifanya kazi katika kitengo cha maendeleo ya wafanyakazi cha Umoja wa Kitaifa wa Wafanyakazi wa Chuma na alihudumu katika Kundi la Utafiti wa Uchumi wa Utatu lenye Utata. Kuanzia mwaka 1993, aliwakilisha SACP katika Jukwaa la Majadiliano ya Vyama Vingi, ambalo liliandaa Katiba ya mpito ya Afrika Kusini.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Loretta Jacobus, Ms|url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/loretta-jacobus-ms-0|access-date=2023-04-12|website=South African Government}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanaharakati wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wanawake Afrika Kusini]] 5cwl52mimasli2e7b2gr1vbvs5wbj1u 0 229581 1580571 1507851 2026-07-19T15:53:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Profesa Kate Azuka Omenugh''' (alizaliwa [[30 Januari|Januari 30]], [[1965]]) ni profesa, mwalimu na mwanasiasa wa Nigeria ambaye amekuwa kaimu naibu chansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, Jimbo la Anambra kabla ya kuthibitishwa kama Makamu Mkuu wa Chansela mnamo Agosti 6, 2025 na gavana Charles Soludo . <ref>''Chukindi, Joe (2025-08-06).'' "Soludo confirms Omenugha as Ojukwu varsity Vice Chancellor"''. Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-08-08.''</ref> <ref>''Nwafor (2023-11-29).'' "Soludo names Omenugha acting VC of Ojukwu Varsity"''. Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-01-27.''</ref> Alikuwa Kamishna wa Elimu ya Msingi, [[Jimbo la Anambra]], Nigeria kuanzia 2014 hadi Machi 2022. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Anambra Basic Education Commissioner Omenugha Seeks Collaborations To Elevate Education To Enviable Heights|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2020/03/21/anambra-basic-education-commissioner-omenugha-seeks-collaborations-to-elevate-education-to-enviable-heights/|work=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2021-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504211844/https://www.absradiotv.com/2020/03/21/anambra-basic-education-commissioner-omenugha-seeks-collaborations-to-elevate-education-to-enviable-heights/}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kate Azuka Omenugha (nee Nwagwu) anatoka Ubaha Nnobi, mji ulioko katika Eneo la Serikali ya Mitaa ya Idemmili Kusini, Jimbo la Anambra, Nigeria. Baba yake, Chifu EB Nwagwu alikuwa mwalimu na alikua akihama kutoka shule moja hadi nyingine huku baba yake akihamishwa hivyo alipata elimu yake ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi ya St. Mary's, Neni (1971-1972, Shule ya Wasichana ya Mazoezi, Adazi Nnukwu (1972-1974) na Shule ya Msingi ya Jumuiya, Adazi Ani (1975). Alianza elimu yake ya shule ya upili katika Shule ya Upili ya Ojiakor Memorial, Adazi Ani (1975-1976) na akaikamilisha katika Shule ya Upili ya Maria Regina Comprehensive, [[Nnewi]] (1976-1980). Alifundisha kama mwalimu msaidizi katika Shule ya Upili ya Metuh Onitsha (1980-1981) kabla ya kujiunga na Chuo cha Elimu, Nsugbe (sasa Chuo cha Elimu cha Nwafor-Orizu). Mnamo 1983, alipata Cheti cha Kitaifa cha Elimu kutoka Chuo cha Elimu cha Nwafor Orizu, Nsugbe, Jimbo la Anambra Nigeria, Shahada ya Kwanza katika Elimu/Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria mnamo 1987 na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Mawasiliano ya Umma mnamo 1998 kutoka chuo kikuu hicho hicho. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Kate Azuka Omenugha appointed Commissioner for Education in Anambra|url=https://students.com.ng/prof-kate-azuka-omenugha-appointed-commissioner-for-education-in-anambra/|author=Students|date=2014-04-24|work=Students Nigeria|language=en-CA|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2014-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426141623/http://www.students.com.ng/prof-kate-azuka-omenugha-appointed-commissioner-for-education-in-anambra/}}</ref> Pia ana Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Jinsia, Vyombo vya Habari na Masomo ya Utamaduni (2005) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Gloucestershire, Uingereza. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof Kate Omenugha (Sponsor, Arm Our Youths Campaign, Anambra)|date=18 March 2019|url=https://ocifoundation.org/prof-kate-omenugha/|language=en-AU|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> == Kazi == Omenugha alihudumu kama mwalimu wa shule ya upili katika Chuo cha Malkia wa Rosary, [[Onitsha]] kwa muda mfupi mnamo 1988 kabla ya kuhamia Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana, Awka Etiti ambapo alitumia miaka 10 na akapanda cheo na kuwa Naibu Mkuu wa Shule kabla ya kujiunga na mfumo wa Chuo Kikuu kama mhadhiri mnamo 1998. Alikuwa Mkuu wa Idara ya Mawasiliano ya Umma, Chuo Kikuu cha Nnamdi Azikiwe (2006-2012). Pia alikuwa Mkurugenzi, UNIZIK 94.1 FM, kituo cha Redio cha jamii kinachoendeshwa na Chuo Kikuu chake. <ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Kate Azuka Omenugha appointed Commissioner for Education in Anambra|url=https://students.com.ng/prof-kate-azuka-omenugha-appointed-commissioner-for-education-in-anambra/|author=Students|date=2014-04-24|work=Students Nigeria|language=en-CA|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2014-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426141623/http://www.students.com.ng/prof-kate-azuka-omenugha-appointed-commissioner-for-education-in-anambra/}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Kamishna, Wizara ya Elimu (2014-2018), Jimbo la Anambra na akawa Kamishna wa Elimu ya Msingi kuanzia 2014 hadi sasa katika Jimbo hilo hilo. Yeye ni Makamu wa Rais (Kusini Mashariki), Chama cha Wasomi na Wataalamu wa Mawasiliano, Nigeria (ACSPN). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Kate Omenugha, Vice President - South East|url=https://www.acspn.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Prof.-Kate-Omenugha-Vice-President-South-East-.jpg|work=ACSPN|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-26|archive-date=2021-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504212611/https://www.acspn.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Prof.-Kate-Omenugha-Vice-President-South-East-.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] ethgtemz04ikjz79jmn53939gj7ggwc 0 232485 1580583 1538094 2026-07-19T16:33:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ken Xie''' (Alizaliwa [[1963]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[China]].Alianzisha ''Systems Integration Solutions (SIS)'', ''NetScreen'', na ''Fortinet''.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Stupples|first=Benjamin|date=February 7, 2019|title=Silicon Cyber-Security Fortunes|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-07/silicon-valley-bros-build-billion-dollar-cyber-security-fortunes|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Bloomberg}}</ref> Yeye ni afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Fortinet, kampuni ya usalama wa mtandao yenye makao yake [[Silicon Valley]]. Xie alikuwa hapo awali afisa mkuu mtendaji wa NetScreen, ambayo ilinunuliwa na ''Juniper Networks'' kwa dola bilioni 4 mwaka [[2004]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Taulli|first1=Tom|title=The Man Who Made Two Multibillion-Dollar Companies|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2012/02/06/a-man-who-made-two-multibillion-dollar-companies/|accessdate=27 July 2017|work=Forbes|date=6 February 2012}}</ref>Alijenga kifaa cha kwanza cha firewall/VPN cha msingi wa ASIC mwaka [[1996]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://born2invest.com/articles/ceo-spotlight-fortinets-ken-xie/|title=CEO Spotlight: Fortinet's Ken Xie|last=Garcia|first=Arturo|date=2017-08-20|website=Born2Invest|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-04|archive-date=2019-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404152241/https://born2invest.com/articles/ceo-spotlight-fortinets-ken-xie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bn6rn990eogwav7wlsemwg6h077vgcr 0 234871 1580625 1543170 2026-07-19T23:40:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Léhady Vinagnon Soglo''' (amezaliwa 18 Desemba 1960) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mtaalamu wa uchumi wa [[Benin]]. Alikuwa Meya wa Cotonou kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi alipoondolewa madarakani mwaka 2017. Alizaliwa mjini Paris, na ni mtoto wa Rais wa zamani wa Benin Nicéphore Soglo na Rosine Vieyra Soglo, ambaye pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa chama cha Benin Rebirth Party.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BeninInfo.com - Bénin Actualité, opportunité et promotion|url=http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm|work=www.benininfo.com|accessdate=2026-05-14|archive-date=2007-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929011728/http://www.benininfo.com/100402.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4lcjp3914yevdxpop6834lnzwcz8ghb 0 235164 1580708 1543673 2026-07-20T10:25:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mônica Tereza Azeredo Benício''' (alizaliwa 1 Februari 1986) ni mwanasanifu majengo, mtaalamu wa mipango miji, mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake, na mtetezi wa haki za binadamu na jamii ya LGBT+ nchini [[Brazil]]. Kwa sasa ni diwani wa mji wa [[Rio de Janeiro]] kupitia chama cha [[Socialism and Liberty Party]] (PSOL), nafasi aliyoishika tangu mwaka 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title='Hoje, Marielle não será interrompida', diz Mônica Benício |url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/eleicoes/2020/noticia/2020/11/16/hoje-marielle-nao-sera-interrompida-diz-monica-benicio-apos-ser-eleita-vereadora-no-rio.ghtml |website=G1 - Globo.com |language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [https://www.camara.rio/vereadores/monica-benicio Wasifu rasmi katika Baraza la Manispaa la Rio de Janeiro] {{Wayback|url=https://www.camara.rio/vereadores/monica-benicio |date=20250918031014 }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Benicio, Monica}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5wjpjbwygfpu8v9n9xx7yoruwlg8knl 0 236432 1580615 1552173 2026-07-19T21:23:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauran Bethell''' ni mmishonari wa [[Amerika|Marekani]] wa dhehebu la Baptist<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Gospel of Father Joe: Revolutions and Revelations in the Slums of Bangkok|author=Greg Barrett|page=270|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0470328033}}</ref> na mtetezi wa haki za binadamu, ambaye anaishi [[Ulaya Mashariki]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[Baptist Press]]|author=David Roach|date=June 20, 2008|title=CBF focuses on prayer, women's ordination|url=[http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February](http://www.sbcbaptistpress.org/BPnews.asp?ID=28340|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yeye ni miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa Kituo cha New Life kilichopo Chiang Mai, [[Thailand]], ambapo wanawake waliokuwa wahanga wa ukahaba au biashara haramu ya binadamu hupatiwa elimu yenye msingi wa Kikristo inayolenga kuwasaidia kuwa na ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika pamoja na uwezo wa kujitegemea kiuchumi.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=[[Ekklesia (think tank)|Ekklesia]]|title=Baptists work internationally to assist women trapped by sex trade|date=February 3, 2008|url=[http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February](http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6671|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}</ref> Anahudumu kama Mshauri wa Kimataifa (Global Consultant) katika American Baptist International Ministries.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|journal=Worldwide Faith News|author=Andy Jayne|title=Lauran Bethell Speaks About Sexual Exploitation At The New Baptist Covenant|date=February 1, 2008|url=[http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February](http://archive.wfn.org/2008/02/msg00007.html|access-date=February) 19, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kwa sasa anaishi [[Netherlands]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|url = [http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title](http://www.register-herald.com/news/life/sex-trade-lecture-planned-at-church/article_e95b2aac-1cd1-5acf-bee7-44b8eb83e04b.html|title) = Sex Trade Lecture Planned at Church|date = 29 September 2012|work = The Register-Herald|access-date = 18 November 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] bblwpou37o2suqe4evww1xgfd54pg1e 0 237017 1580552 1547236 2026-07-19T13:09:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Njamah''' ni mwigizaji, mtayarishaji na mwongozaji wa filamu kutoka nchini [[Nigeria]]. Anajulikana kwa kuongoza tamthilia na filamu za ''Fuji House of Commotion, Tinsel, Living In Lagos, Solitair, Casino, Emerald, Tide,'' na ''My Flatmates.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=John Njamah set to direct My Flatmates|url=https://guardian.ng/features/my-flatmates-is-john-njamahs-project/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2017-01-08|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|author=Kobor Amos}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=It’s really fun seeing masquerades in my town at Xmas —Actor John Njamah|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/its-really-fun-seeing-masquerades-in-my-town-at-xmas-actor-john-njamah/|work=Tribune Online|date=2018-12-29|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|author=David Olagunju}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=John Njamah turns a year older today|url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/celebrity-birthday-john-njamah-turns-a-year-older-today-2024080916391891060|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=2015-04-17|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na Elimu == Njamah alizaliwa mnamo mwezi Aprili 17 akiwa pacha huko Njaaba katika serikali ya mtaa ya Orlu katika Jimbo la Imo. Alipata shahada yake ya kwanza kutika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo ambapo alisomea sanaa ya maigizo. Yeye ni kaka mkubwa wa mwigizaji wa Nollywood, Empress Njamah.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Let These Sweet Photos Of Empress & John Njamah Brighten Your Day|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/empress-njamah-john-njamah/|work=BellaNaija|date=2020-09-24|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-US|author=BellaNaija.com}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Njamah ameolewa na Mkameruni, Agwi Tangi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Beware! My brother is married, Empress Njamah tells ladies|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/beware-brother-married-empress-njamah-tells-ladies/|work=Vanguard News|date=2016-07-28|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|author=akintayo eribake}}</ref> == Filamu == * ''Fuji House of Commotion'' * Wounded Apple * ''Tinsel (2008)'' * ''Smash (2018)'' * ''Zikora (2020)'' * ''Emela (2020)'' * ''Enitan (2022)'' * ''My Flatmates (2017)'' * ''Breathless (2015)'' * ''Sparadise''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yaw premieres comedy series 'Sparadise'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/yaw-premieres-comedy-series-sparadise/|work=Vanguard News|date=2022-07-31|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-GB|author=Idowu Bankole}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] 6bicpvfevaks382cp91ns0xynylt1cl 0 237880 1580568 1549148 2026-07-19T15:06:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamal Kharazi''' (1 Desemba 1944 – 9 Aprili 2026) alikuwa mwanasiasa [[Harakati ya mageuzi ya Iran|mwanamageuzi]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Irani|Iran]] aliyehudumu kama [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Nje (Iran)|waziri wa mambo ya nje]] wa Iran kuanzia tarehe 20 Agosti 1997 hadi 24 Agosti 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iranian Envoy in Iraq for Talks, as Rebels Battle U.S. Gunships |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/17/international/middleeast/17cnd-iraq.html|access-date=17 January 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 May 2005|author=John F. Burns|author2=Terence Neilan}}</ref> Kharazi alifuatiwa na [[Manouchehr Mottaki]] kama waziri wa mambo ya nje baada ya [[Uchaguzi wa rais wa Iran wa 2005|uchaguzi]] wa [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]. Baadaye alihudumu kama mshauri wa Kiongozi Muadhamu [[Ayatollah]] [[Ali Khamenei]], alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Utambuzi wa Maslahi ya Dola]] (Expediency Discernment Council), aliongoza Baraza la Kimkakati la Uhusiano wa Kigeni, na alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Sayansi ya Utambuzi]] (Institute for Cognitive Science Studies) mnamo mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Iran to change nuclear doctrine if existence threatened, adviser to supreme leader says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010124334/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-change-nuclear-doctrine-if-existence-threatened-adviser-supreme-leader-says-2024-05-09/ |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=2025-03-05 |work=Reuters |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DeepDive">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Deep Dive: Will Iran's new president pursue dialogue with the west? |url=https://amwaj.media/article/deep-dive-will-iran-s-new-president-pursue-dialogue-with-the-west |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Amwaj.media |archive-date=2025-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307020706/https://amwaj.media/article/deep-dive-will-iran-s-new-president-pursue-dialogue-with-the-west |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Araghchi">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-08-12 |title=Araghchi: Iran's new FM pick who calls Nasrallah a 'role model' |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202408114103 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=www.iranintl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Welcome Note – ICSS |url=https://icss.ac.ir/en/about-us/ |access-date=2025-06-12 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alifariki dunia mnamo tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 kutokana na majeraha aliyopata kwenye shambulio la anga wakati wa [[Vita vya Iran vya 2026]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1944|2026}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Iran]] qmx0y3od5p83x7p5qoo6xslsu3rnpzb 0 238526 1580667 1580432 2026-07-20T09:31:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitaly Nikitich Ignatenko''' (alizaliwa 19 Aprili 1941) ni mwandishi wa habari na mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyekuwa mkuu wa shirika la habari la [[ITAR-TASS]] kuanzia mwaka 1993 hadi 2012. Pia alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi katika baraza la kwanza la mawaziri la Waziri Mkuu wa Urusi|Waziri Mkuu [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 1997.{{fact}} Amekuwa mwanachama wa mashirika na taasisi mbalimbali za uandishi wa habari zinazohamasisha matumizi ya [[Lugha ya Kirusi]] na vyombo vya habari vinavyotumia lugha hiyo. == Wasifu == Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Serikali cha Moscow]] akiwa na shahada ya uandishi wa habari, alifanya kazi katika magazeti ya ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' na ''[[Novoye Vremya (gazeti)|Novoye Vremya]]'' mnamo miaka ya 1980.<ref>[https://russkiymir.ru/en/fund/board-of-trustees/Ignatenko-Vitalij-Nikitich.php Vitaly Ignatenko] {{Wayback|url=https://russkiymir.ru/en/fund/board-of-trustees/Ignatenko-Vitalij-Nikitich.php |date=20260527034859 }}. Russian World Foundation. Retrieved 10 May 2018</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1991, alihudumu kama katibu wa vyombo vya habari wa Rais wa Umoja wa Kisovieti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].<ref>[[#Palazchenko2010|Palazchenko (2010)]], p. 377</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] 8r1j1x0fui6cma6epcdlslh89ml08md 0 238715 1580669 1580466 2026-07-20T09:34:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov''' (kwa [[Kirusi]]: Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Зубко́в; alizaliwa 15 Septemba 1941) ni mtumishi wa umma, mwanasiasa na mfanyabiashara wa [[Urusi]] aliyepata kuhudumu kama Orodha ya Wakuu wa Serikali ya Urusi na Waziri Mkuu wa 36 wa Urusi kuanzia Septemba 2007 hadi Mei 2008. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa [[Vladimir Putin]] wakati wa muhula wa urais wa [[Dmitry Medvedev]]. Akiwa Mtumishi wa umma aliyeishika nyadhifa mbalimbali katika Mkoa wa Leningrad chini ya utawala wa Kisovieti, baadaye alihudumu kama mshauri wa Mawaziri wa Baraza la Mawaziri. Zubkov alikuwa mpelelezi wa Uhalifu wa kifedha hadi alipoteuliwa mnamo 12 Septemba 2007 na Rais [[Vladimir Putin]] kuchukua nafasi ya Waziri Mkuu [[Mikhail Fradkov]], ambaye alikuwa amejiuzulu mapema siku hiyo.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6991053.stm "Putin names next prime minister"], BBC News, 12 September 2007.</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/putin-dissolves-government-nominates-viktor-zubkov-as-new-prime-minister "Putin Dissolves Government, Nominates Viktor Zubkov as New Prime Minister"], FOX News, 12 September 2007.</ref> Uteuzi huo uliidhinishwa na bunge la [[bunge|Duma]] mnamo 14 Septemba 2007.<ref>[http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11871756&PageNum=0 Duma approves Zubkov for prime minister’s post, ITAR-TASS.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230625/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11871756&PageNum=0 |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Mei 2008, baraza la mawaziri la Zubkov lilivunjwa rasmi kiotomatiki. Utaratibu huu, unaofuata baada ya kuapishwa kwa Rais wa Urusi, unahitajika kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Urusi. Baada ya Putin kuwa waziri mkuu, Zubkov aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Kwanza wa Urusi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] 3gblt889arsm1298lqrkjdn2xnzg0f0 0 240538 1580586 1569004 2026-07-19T16:40:53Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* */ 1580586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone au Logon''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] co05sswuob7w1mw2aq84lwwht7p3lw6 1580588 1580586 2026-07-19T16:46:05Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 1580588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone au Logon''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> ==Historia== Nchini Chad, maeneo ya kiutawala ya Logone Oriental na Logone Occidental yalipewa majina kutokana na mto huo. Ober-Logone ilikuwa wilaya ya kiutawala katika koloni la Ujerumani la Kameruni. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 58i977kl5wpukk2ola80dkbxpc3k9zh 1580589 1580588 2026-07-19T16:50:11Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Historia */ 1580589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone au Logon''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> ==Historia== Nchini Chad, maeneo ya kiutawala ya Logone Oriental na Logone Occidental yalipewa majina kutokana na mto huo. Ober-Logone ilikuwa wilaya ya kiutawala katika koloni la Ujerumani la Kameruni. [[File:Le fleuve logone.jpg|thumb|Mto Logone nchini Kameruni]] == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] t65v1du51rdh6owzqzoit1iwzszpwf2 1580590 1580589 2026-07-19T16:53:30Z Elizabeth Samwel 75873 /* Historia */ 1580590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Longone katika mpaka kati ya Kameruni na Chad.]] '''Mto Logone au Logon''' ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[magharibi]] na wa katikati mwa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]], na ni mmoja wa [[Tawimto|matawi]] makuu ya [[Chari|Mto Chari]]. Mto huo unachukua nafasi kubwa katika [[jiografia]] ya nchi za [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kameruni]], na [[Chad]], ambapo katika maeneo mengi unajenga mpaka wa asili wa kimataifa kati ya nchi hizo. Logone unaanzishwa na makutano ya mito miwili mikubwa, [[Mto Vina]] na [[Mto Mbéré]], na kisha unatiririka kuelekea [[kaskazini]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] [[mia]] kadhaa hadi unaungana na Mto Chari katika [[mji]] wa [[N'Djamena]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Chad.<ref>https://britannica.com – Taarifa za kijiografia kuhusu vyanzo na makutano ya Mto Logone kutoka Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica.</ref> == Jiografia na hidrolojia ya Beseni la Ziwa Chad == [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]] na [[Hidrolojia|kihidrolojia]], Mto Logone una mchango mkubwa sana katika mfumo vya [[ekolojia]] wa [[Beseni]] la [[Ziwa Chad]]. Mfumo wa mto huu, ukishirikiana na Mto Chari, unachangia takriban [[asilimia]] 90 ya [[maji]] yote yanayoingia kwenye [[ziwa]] hilo.<ref>https://sciencedirect.com – [[Utafiti]] [[utafiti wa kisayansi|wa kisayansi]] unaonyesha [[kiwango]] cha maji ambacho mtandao wa Chari/Logone unaingiza kwenye Ziwa Chad.</ref> Katika [[majira ya mvua|msimu wa mvua nyingi]], mto huu unafurika na kutengeneza uwanda mpana wa [[mafuriko]] unaojulikana kama "Yaéré" nchini Kameruni na Chad. Eneo hili la [[unyevu|unyevunyevu]] ([[luteka]]) linasaidia kurudisha unyevu kwenye [[udongo]] na kujaza vyanzo vya [[maji ya ardhini|maji ya chini ya ardhi]]. Hata hivyo, kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], kuongezeka kwa vipindi vya [[ukame]] wa muda mrefu, na [[ujenzi]] wa [[lambo|mabwawa bandia]] (kama vile [[Bwawa la Maga]]), kiwango cha maji yanayotiririka kutoka Mto Logone kwenda Ziwa Chad kimepungua sana katika miongo ya hivi karibuni. == Umuhimu wa kijamii, wa kiuchumi na changamoto == Kijamii na [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], Mto Logone ni tegemeo la [[milioni|mamilioni]] ya [[Binadamu|watu]] wanaoshi katika [[bonde]] lake kwa ajili ya [[maisha]] na usalama wa [[chakula]]. Maji ya mto huu yanatumika kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]], hasa [[Mazao|zao]] la [[mpunga]], na pia yanatoa fursa kubwa za [[uvuvi]] wa [[biashara|kibiashara]] na wa kijamii unaolisha miji mikubwa ya karibu. Kando ya mto huo, kuna miji muhimu kama vile [[Moundou]] na [[Bongor]] nchini Chad, na [[Yagoua]] nchini Kameruni, ambayo inategemea mto huo kwa [[usafiri]] wa majini na huduma za [[usafi wa mazingira]]. Changamoto kubwa zinazoukabili mto huo kwa sasa ni usimamizi duni wa rasilimali za maji kati ya nchi wanachama, na ukosefu wa miundombinu thabiti ya kulinda vyanzo vyake dhidi ya [[Uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]] na mchanga uliosombwa.<ref>https://tandfonline.com – Ripoti kuhusu usimamizi wa Bonde la Logone na athari za mabadiliko ya mazingira kwa jamii.</ref> ==Historia== Nchini Chad, maeneo ya kiutawala ya Logone Oriental na Logone Occidental yalipewa majina kutokana na mto huo. Ober-Logone ilikuwa wilaya ya kiutawala katika koloni la Ujerumani la Kameruni. [[File:Le fleuve logone.jpg|thumb|Mto Logone nchini Kameruni]] [[File:Transport en pirogue1.jpg|thumb|Mto Logone katika mpaka wa Chad na Kameruni]] == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Chari]] * [[Ziwa Chad]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Chad]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Kamerun]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 3f7ceyd6ezawwuu9t86p1f9jsucek23 0 241905 1580648 1578620 2026-07-20T05:32:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1580648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Michael Marks | picha = Marks Michael Slonim.jpg | ukubwawapicha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Michael Marks | jina_la_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Slonim, Gavana wa Grodno, Dola ya Urusi (sasa Belarus) | tarehe_ya_kifo = 31 Desemba 1907 | mahala_alipofia = Salford, England | uraia = Urusi (kwa kuzaliwa), Uingereza (kwa uraia wa baadaye) | kazi_yake = Mfanyabiashara | anajulikana_kwa = Mwanzilishi mwenza wa Marks & Spencer | mwenzi = Hannah Cohen (ndoa 1886) | watoto = | elimu = | dini = Uyahudi | familia = Jamii ya Wayahudi wa Slonim }} '''Michael Marks''' (1859 – 31 Desemba 1907) alikuwa mjasiriamali wa [[Polandi]] mwenye asili ya Kiyahudi na baadaye mfanyabiashara wa [[Uingereza]], ambaye kwa kushirikiana na [[Thomas Spencer (Marks and Spencer)|Thomas Spencer]] alianzisha mnyororo wa maduka ya rejareja ya [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/about-us/our-history</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-17364239{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1859]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1907]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Polandi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]] 2unfgu1iikiog6wd9o92uubjqo3okd7 0 242149 1580646 1579420 2026-07-20T03:57:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kay Wilson Stallings''' ni mtendaji na mtayarishaji wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya Nickelodeon kama mtendaji wa mtandao kuanzia mwaka [[1999]] hadi Machi [[2015]], ambapo aliachana na kampuni hiyo kutokana na kupunguzwa kwa wafanyakazi wa ngazi za juu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://summit.kidscreen.com/2017/speakers/908209/kaywilsonstallings/|title=Kay Wilson Stallings biography|work=[[Kidscreen]]|date=February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112221416/https://summit.kidscreen.com/2017/speakers/908209/kaywilsonstallings/|archive-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2015, Stallings alijiunga na ''Sesame Workshop'', na mwaka [[2020]] alipandishwa cheo na kuwa mkuu wa maendeleo ya ubunifu wa kampuni hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2015/08/sesame-workshop-nickelodeon-exec-svp-content-development-1201497183/|title=Sesame Workshop Taps Ex-Nickelodeon Exec As SVP Content Development|date=August 11, 2015|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|author=Denise Petski}}</ref> Akiwa makamu wa rais mkuu wa uzalishaji na maendeleo wa Nickelodeon, Stallings alisimamia uundaji wa vipindi mbalimbali vya Nickelodeon Preschool na Nick Jr. Channel. Wakati wa uongozi wake, alihusika katika kuunda zaidi ya vipindi 20, vikiwemo ''Wonder Pets!, The Fresh Beat Band, Shimmer and Shine, Sunny Day, Blaze and the Monster Machines'' na toleo jipya la Winx Club la Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Show credits: Season 5, Episode 2|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=u66cNIBSfDE&t=1403|series=Winx Club|minutes=23:09}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mtendaji mkuu wa vipindi Winx Club na ''The Backyardigans.''<ref>{{cite episode|title=Show credits|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1EByzQzMrk&t=1444|series=The Backyardigans|minutes=24:04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] 4lamr563j9oeczju1o9ejg8enc164nj 0 242196 1580639 1579554 2026-07-20T03:50:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgia Dobbins-Davis''' ([[Mei 8]], [[1942]] - [[Septemba 18]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Georgia Dobbins alizaliwa tarehe 8 Mei 1942 mjini [[Carthage]], [[Arkansas]], Marekani. Alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya watoto saba wa Arlanders na Mercile Dobbins. Baadaye, familia yake ilihamia Ypsilanti, [[Michigan]], na kuishi katika mradi wa Willow Run Projects, eneo la makazi lililoanzishwa kwa ajili ya maveterani wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] baada ya baba yake kushiriki katika mapigano nchini [[Ufilipino]].<ref name="autobiography">https://archive.org/details/originalmarvelet00tayl/page/n9/mode/2up?q=georgia</ref> Akiwa mdogo, Dobbins alipata msukumo kutoka kwa waimbaji kama Ruth Brown, Etta James na Sarah Vaughan. Alianza kuimba na kufanya maonyesho ya muziki wa doo-wop, jambo lililompelekea kuunda vikundi vya muziki na pia kuimba katika Willow Run Baptist Church pamoja na rafiki yake Nickolas Ashford. Baada ya eneo la Willow Run Projects kubomolewa, Georgia na familia yake walihamia Inkster, Michigan. ==Tanbhi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[JAmii: Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 2020]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} hrpwjwslr0l9k4daq31jbrur0gvz13b 0 242198 1580637 1579571 2026-07-20T03:49:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Crystal Celeste Grant''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[20 Septemba]] [[1980]] jijini [[Houston]], [[Texas]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa zamani kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake katika filamu Teenage Caveman ([[2002]]) na Kids in America ([[2005]]). Katika [[televisheni]], aliwahi kuonekana kama mgeni katika vipindi mbalimbali vikiwemo Sister, Sister, Smart Guy, Get Real, City Guys, Pacific Blue na Yes, Dear. Mwaka [[1996]], alicheza katika filamu Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace. Mnamo mwaka [[2001]], Grant alikuwa sehemu ya waigizaji wa mara kwa mara katika kipindi cha Jumamosi asubuhi cha NBC kilichoitwa All About Us, ambacho kilidumu kwa msimu mmoja. Mwaka 2005, alishiriki kama mwimbaji kwenye albamu Def Con Zero ya kundi la rap Cloak-n-Dagga, kwenye wimbo "Gold Trigga". Crystal Grant ni dada mdogo wa mwigizaji Salim Grant. Tuzo yake ya mwisho ya uigizaji wa kitaalamu ilikuwa katika filamu Kids in America.<ref>Juon, Steve 'Flash' (January 10, 2006). [http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2006_01_defconzero.html Canibus & Phoenix Orion :: Def Con Zero :: Head Trauma Records/First Kut Organization]. RapReviews.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] gjjmmlsd0x96c41k95rmmfzed7piiyo 0 242199 1580641 1579588 2026-07-20T03:53:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Polly Jackson''', ambaye pia alijulikana kama Shangazi Polly Jackson, alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa kupinga utumwa nchini [[Marekani]] na kiongozi aliyeshiriki katika Reli ya Chini ya Ardhi (Underground Railroad). Akiwa mwanamke aliyewahi kuwa mtumwa, alijulikana kwa juhudi zake za kusaidia watu waliokuwa wakikimbia utumwa. Inasemekana kwamba alikuwa akijificha kwa kuvaa kama mwanamke mzee na kupambana na wafanyabiashara wa watumwa waliokuwa wakijaribu kuwakamata waliokuwa wakitafuta uhuru, akitumia kisu cha mchinjaji na birika la maji ya moto.<ref name="same">{{cite web|url=https://samepassage.org/the-heroics-of-aunt-polly-jackson-who-fought-off-white-slavers-to-protect-fugitives-in-the-mid-1800s/|title=The heroics of Aunt Polly Jackson who fought off white slavers to protect fugitives in the mid-1800s|website=samepassage.org|publisher=Same Passage|access-date=November 19, 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 8ih92xri8x898x6fhqvmnubosjih6tn 0 242200 1580636 1579594 2026-07-20T03:48:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ann Saunderson''' (aliyezaliwa Ann Karen Joy Nanton huko [[Birmingham]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa densi kutoka [[Uingereza]]. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya awali === Ann Nanton ni mwimbaji ambaye alianza kujulikana baada ya kukutana na Kevin Saunderson alipokwenda [[London]] mwaka [[1987]] kumtembelea dada yake mkubwa Judy, ambaye tayari alikuwa mwimbaji wa kipindi. Baada ya muda mfupi, Ann alifunga ndoa na Kevin Saunderson na kuhamia Marekani. Akiwa huko, alionekana kwenye rekodi kadhaa za mumewe kama mwimbaji. Pia alirekodi muziki kwa kutumia majina ya kisanii Surreal na Karen Joy, na alikuwa mwimbaji mkuu wa kundi la muziki wa dansi Kaos. Vilevile alishiriki katika kazi za kundi la Inner City, ambalo lilianzishwa na mumewe Kevin Saunderson.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldmanbailey.com/news/40|title=Ann Saunderson joins Defected's performer rights roster|work=goldmanbailey.com|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] kq65xdinimfht18e2se3okl2pmj92dj 0 242213 1580642 1579644 2026-07-20T03:54:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea Tovar''' ni mshindi wa taji la urembo kutoka [[Colombia]]. Alishinda taji la ''Miss Colombia'' [[2015]] na baadaye kuiwakilisha Colombia katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'' [[2016]], ambapo alimaliza akiwa mshindi wa pili.<ref name="elpais">{{cite web|title=¿Quién es Jealisse Andrea Tovar, la nueva señorita Colombia?|url=http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/entretenimiento/noticias/quien-jealisse-andrea-tovar-nueva-senorita-colombia|publisher=El País|date=16 Nov 2015|access-date=28 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123091739/http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/entretenimiento/noticias/quien-jealisse-andrea-tovar-nueva-senorita-colombia|archive-date=23 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kolombia]] lqxfrbmcuupv4a694ox7as1sihzu49j 0 242214 1580644 1579645 2026-07-20T03:55:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pat Hartley''' ni [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na mtayarishaji kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Hungaria]]. Katika miaka ya [[1960]], alishiriki katika baadhi ya filamu za majaribio za Andy Warhol, zikiwemo Screen Test, My Hustler na Prison zilizotengenezwa katika mazingira ya ''The Factory'' ya Warhol. Pia alionekana katika filamu Rainbow Bridge pamoja na mwanamuziki Jimi Hendrix, na baadaye katika filamu Absolute Beginners. Hartley aliolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Dick Fontaine, na pamoja walianzisha kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu Grapevine Pictures huko New York katika miaka ya [[1980]]. Kampuni hiyo ilitengeneza filamu za makala kama I Heard It Through the Grapevine, iliyomshirikisha mwandishi James Baldwin kuhusu uzoefu wake katika Amerika Kusini wakati wa harakati za haki za kiraia, pamoja na Art Blakey: The Jazz Messenger.<ref>{{cite web|magazine=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/pat-hartley-and-lynne-tillman-reflect-on-james-baldwins-centennial|title=Pat Hartley and Lynne Tillman Reflect on James Baldwin's Centennial|author=Tillman, Lynne|date=January 25, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=October 16, 2023|title=I Heard It Through the Grapevine with James Baldwin|publisher=Harvard Film Archive|url=https://harvardfilmarchive.org/programs/i-heard-it-through-the-grapevine-with-james-baldwin}}</ref> Hartley na Fontaine ni wazazi wa mkosoaji wa muziki Smokey Fontaine. Mbali na filamu, Hartley pia amefanya kazi katika kuongoza, kubuni na kuandika video za muziki kwa wasanii mbalimbali, wakiwemo Johnny Rotten, Afrika Bambaataa na Keith LeBlanc.<ref name="H">{{cite web|title=Dick Fontaine & Pat Hartley Collection|url=https://harvardfilmarchive.org/collections/fontaine-hartley-collection|publisher=[[Harvard Film Archive]]|access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Marekani]] l8oq7st8zgho4vrr7mp37rilv8ykckr 0 242217 1580633 1579648 2026-07-20T03:43:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fonda Rae''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa [[R&B]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nyimbo zake maarufu za klabu kama "Over Like a Fat Rat" na "Touch Me". Wimbo "Touch Me" uliandikwa baadaye na mtunzi wa nyimbo Cathy Dennis. Fonda Rae pia amefanya kazi na wasanii mbalimbali, wakiwemo Don Armando, Kid Creole and the Coconuts, Taka Boom, The Fat Boys na Debbie Harry.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fonda-rae-mn0000179974/biography|title=Fonda Rae – Biography|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|first=Andy|last=Kellman|accessdate=2012-04-23}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 3q6wdepiwmqcw000ldeht788uwnih74 2 242220 1580656 1580506 2026-07-20T09:03:45Z Amanich7 44301 1580656 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ninapenda fasihi!'' <P><br> *** <br> {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} <br>'''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi wa urusi na mwandishi wa habari. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa Mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Umoja wa Takwimu Za Fasihi Za Moscow Foundation. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022)''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2023</ref><ref> [https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022</ref> na ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]].'' == Marejeo == <references /> == Katika utamaduni maarufu == * Katika "MALI D'AFRICA" na mwandishi wa italia Sara Cardelli, upendo wa kugusa wa wahusika wakuu wa riwaya yake Huko Malindi umeelezewa.<ref>[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html The impossible love in the italian Malindi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} — about Sara Cardelli’ novel, 2017.</ref> * Matukio mengi katika riwaya "Once in Malindi" (2021)<ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} — on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> na "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020)<ref>[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm "Our Wild Sex in Malindi"] by Andrei Gusev, 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}</ref> na mwandishi Wa Moscow Andrei Gusev hufanyika Malindi na Katika [[Lamu]] ya zamani ya karibu. Riwaya hizo zinaelezea miaka kadhaa ya maisha katika kitongoji Cha Malindi na mwandishi wa urusi Andy Na mkewe Jennifer, ambaye alizaliwa Nchini Kenya.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm Review of ''"Our Wild Sex in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> * Wimbo "Yasoi Malindi" ulirekodiwa na mwimbaji Na mwanamuziki Yasoy Kala Kana katika albamu"Ndukanoe". kpsvl2g7c72p5ft81v2ysk01u3zetpa 1580658 1580656 2026-07-20T09:24:21Z Amanich7 44301 1580658 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ninapenda fasihi!'' <P><br> *** <br> {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} <br>'''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi wa urusi na mwandishi wa habari. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022)''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2023</ref><ref> [https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022</ref> na ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]].'' == Marejeo == <references /> == Katika utamaduni maarufu == * Katika "MALI D'AFRICA" na mwandishi wa italia Sara Cardelli, upendo wa kugusa wa wahusika wakuu wa riwaya yake Huko Malindi umeelezewa.<ref>[http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html The impossible love in the italian Malindi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106213501/http://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/words/books/the-impossible-love-in-the-italian-malindi.html |date=6 November 2020 }} — about Sara Cardelli’ novel, 2017.</ref> * Matukio mengi katika riwaya "Once in Malindi" (2021)<ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=16 October 2020 }} — on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> na "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020)<ref>[http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm "Our Wild Sex in Malindi"] by Andrei Gusev, 2020 {{in lang|ru}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }}</ref> na mwandishi Wa Moscow Andrei Gusev hufanyika Malindi na Katika [[Lamu]] ya zamani ya karibu. Riwaya hizo zinaelezea miaka kadhaa ya maisha katika kitongoji Cha Malindi na mwandishi wa urusi Andy Na mkewe Jennifer, ambaye alizaliwa Nchini Kenya.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm Review of ''"Our Wild Sex in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> * Wimbo "Yasoi Malindi" ulirekodiwa na mwimbaji Na mwanamuziki Yasoy Kala Kana katika albamu"Ndukanoe". sezpd0icte0ishfl2ogszm4bo8fzbe7 1580709 1580658 2026-07-20T10:27:45Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni maarufu */ 1580709 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ninapenda fasihi!'' <P><br> *** <br> {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} <br>'''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi wa urusi na mwandishi wa habari. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022)''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2023</ref><ref> [https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022</ref> na ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]].'' == Marejeo == <references /> Die Portugese ontdekkingsreisiger Vasco da Gama het Malindi in 1498 besoek om met plaaslike heersers te onderhandel oor gidse vir sy reis na Indië. 'n Koraalpilaar (padrán) is opgerig om hierdie gebeurtenis te herdenk en staan ​​tot vandag toe. lmezc6cow685tyhjtq7rvaaazjzt89q 0 242347 1580659 1580438 2026-07-20T09:25:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kay Oyegun''' ni [[mwandishi]], mtayarishaji, na mwongozaji wa filamu wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Nigeria]]. Anajulikana kwa kuandika mfululizo wa ''This Is Us'', ambapo pia alitayarisha na kuongoza vipindi kadhaa, pamoja na kuandika mfululizo wa ''Queen Sugar''. Alianza kazi yake ya uongozaji katika ''This Is Us'' kupitia kipindi cha "Birth Mother" kilichorushwa hewani mnamo Januari 12, 2021.<ref>{{Citation|title='This Is Us' producers break down those Nicky flash-forward revelations and Deja's decision|url=https://ew.com/tv/this-is-us-producers-nicky-flash-forward-revelations-deja-decision/|work=EW.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Awards Daily Exclusive: Director Kay Oyegun Teases New Photos and This Week’s ‘This Is Us’|url=https://www.awardsdaily.com/2021/01/11/awards-daily-exclusive-director-kay-oyegun-teases-new-photos-and-this-weeks-this-is-us/|work=Awards Daily|accessdate=2026-07-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Nigeria]] 4a5biqytpdcp13yhhi18lselmax4y7c 0 242349 1580660 1580439 2026-07-20T09:26:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kudakwashe Rutendo''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa uhusika wake mkuu kama Amanda katika filamu ya mwaka 2023 ya ''Backspot''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Fort McMurray-raised actress Kudakwashe Rutendo one of TIFF's Rising Stars|url=https://www.fortmcmurraytoday.com/news/kudakwashe-rutendo-fort-mcmurray-tiff-rising-star|work=fortmcmurraytoday|language=en-CA|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TIFF announces Filmmaker Lab, Series Accelerator participants|url=https://playbackonline.ca/2023/08/31/tiff-announces-filmmaker-lab-series-accelerator-participants/|accessdate=2026-07-18|author=Taimur Sikander Mirza}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] prcz5dqjqleoj2dchc6915j38or2w7w 0 242350 1580662 1580461 2026-07-20T09:27:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simone Marie Askew''' ni kapteni katika Jeshi la [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka 2017, alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza mwenye asili ya Afrika kufikia cheo cha ''First Captain'', ambacho ni kiongozi mkuu wa Kikosi cha Wanafunzi wa Kijeshi (Corps of Cadets). Hatua hii ilichukuliwa kama hatua kubwa ya usawa wa rangi na jinsia ndani ya jeshi la Marekani. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Kijeshi cha West Point mnamo mwaka 2018 akitunukiwa Shahada ya Sayansi katika masomo ya kimataifa na uhandisi wa [[mazingira]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Groundbreaking West Point grad recognized as a top 10 College Woman of the Year|url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2018/06/05/groundbreaking-west-point-grad-recognized-as-a-top-10-college-woman-of-the-year/|work=Army Times|date=2018-06-06|accessdate=2026-07-18|language=en|author=Noah Nash}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Cochrane|first=Emily|title=West Point Cadet, Simone Askew, Breaks a Racial and Gender Barrier|date=2017-08-14|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/14/us/west-point-black-female-first.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] ewzwm1qu95513jc66rtkqsp9pr0z19w 0 242351 1580663 1580468 2026-07-20T09:28:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Estella Mary Montgomery Kent''' (née Estella Mary Montgomery; Julai 1882 – Oktoba 15, 1939) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa mwathirika wa uuaji. Alikuwa binti wa waliokuwa watumwa wa zamani ambao walianzisha jamii ya watu weusi ya Mound Bayou, Mississippi. Aliuawa na polisi mnamo mwaka 1939 wakati wa mzozo uliohusu urithi wa mali ya baba yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freedom’s Outpost: Mound Bayou and the Fight for Free Expression in Jim Crow Mississippi, 1887–1941 {{!}} David Beito|url=https://www.independent.org/tir/2025-fall/freedoms-outpost/|work=Independent Institute|accessdate=2026-07-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mary Cordelia Montgomery Booze {{!}} Alexander Street Documents|url=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1011011911|work=documents.alexanderstreet.com|accessdate=2026-07-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1882]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1939]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] 9kcwj358h6lbbt3ligwmd3gqms248fy 0 242352 1580664 1580431 2026-07-20T09:29:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Miss Prissy (mchechezaji)]] hadi [[Miss Prissy (dansa)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1580431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miss Prissy''' (amezaliwa Marquisa Gardner) ni mcheza shoo (dancer) wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mtindo wa kucheza wa ''krumping''. Amekuwa akitambuliwa kama Malkia wa Krump.<ref>{{Citation|title=Miss Prissy - Krump - Los Angeles|date=2014-12-05|url=http://www.globalgypsiestravelclub.com/2014/12/05/culture-club-qa-with-krumpers-miss-prissy-manny-fernandez/|work=Global Gypsies|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Bleiberg|first=Laura|title=Krumping Moves Indoors as Dancers Including Miss Prissy and Lil' C Perform at USC|date=2012-09-06|url=http://www.laweekly.com/arts/krumping-moves-indoors-as-dancers-including-miss-prissy-and-lil-c-perform-at-usc-2372879|work=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Karne ya 21]] oj548bzff36siia7acunujegycw47w4 1580666 1580664 2026-07-20T09:30:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miss Prissy''' (amezaliwa Marquisa Gardner) ni mcheza shoo (dancer) wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mtindo wa kucheza wa ''krumping''. Amekuwa akitambuliwa kama Malkia wa Krump.<ref>{{Citation|title=Miss Prissy - Krump - Los Angeles|date=2014-12-05|url=http://www.globalgypsiestravelclub.com/2014/12/05/culture-club-qa-with-krumpers-miss-prissy-manny-fernandez/|work=Global Gypsies|language=en-US|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Bleiberg|first=Laura|title=Krumping Moves Indoors as Dancers Including Miss Prissy and Lil' C Perform at USC|date=2012-09-06|url=http://www.laweekly.com/arts/krumping-moves-indoors-as-dancers-including-miss-prissy-and-lil-c-perform-at-usc-2372879|work=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2026-07-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 6c3y9wf017j70st7osnjpvgj2anhgd8 0 242353 1580668 1580458 2026-07-20T09:31:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirley Washington''' ni mwigizaji wa [[televisheni]] na [[filamu]] aliyetokea katika vipindi vya televisheni kuanzia mwaka 1970. Alionekana kwenye vipindi viwili vya mfululizo wa ''Mission: Impossible'' akicheza kama Muhudumu wa Ndege (Stewardess) katika sehemu ya mwaka 1970 ya "Flight" na kama Wakala wa Usafiri (Travel Agent) katika sehemu ya mwaka 1972 ya "The Puppet", pamoja na kucheza kama Maggie katika sehemu ya tamthilia ya ''Wonder Woman'' ya "Chinese Puzzle".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Watch Shirley Washington Online {{!}} Videos {{!}} Bio {{!}} Photos {{!}} Current Projects - Fancast|url=http://www.fancast.com:80/people/Shirley-Washington/13491/main|work=www.fancast.com|accessdate=2026-07-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] nh40b88fg003hnzzjg3w8ee3iixmsw1 0 242373 1580563 2026-07-19T14:36:38Z Eibrahim77 68081 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tanya Boyd''' ni mwigizaji wa kike kutoka nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Celeste Perrault'' kwenye ''Days of Our Lives''. {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]]' 1580563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tanya Boyd''' ni mwigizaji wa kike kutoka nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Celeste Perrault'' kwenye ''Days of Our Lives''. {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] oqpxpnawim3mnpj7r9qzowtkzereyc7 1580638 1580563 2026-07-20T03:50:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Tanya Boyd''' ni mwigizaji wa kike kutoka nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Celeste Perrault'' kwenye ''Days of Our Lives''. {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] nwdos5b2gr4bijjt9sd4png71ubgymv 1580675 1580638 2026-07-20T09:47:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vyanzo}} '''Tanya Boyd''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa kike kutoka nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Celeste Perrault'' kwenye ''Days of Our Lives''. {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} [[jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 1hripa37jw0dhzs8fj57kd6p74cnf5e 0 242374 1580566 2026-07-19T14:59:31Z Eibrahim77 68081 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alicia Brown''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[21 Januari]] mwaka [[1990]] huko Ottawa, Ontario) ni mfuatiliaji na mwanariadha wa uwanjani kutokea nchini [[Kanada]] anayeshiriki katika mbio za kasi, hasa mbio za mita 400.<ref name="a">[http://olympic.ca/team-canada/alicia-brown/ COC Profile]</ref><ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/canada/alicia-brown-281542 IAAF Profile]</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii: waliohai]]' 1580566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alicia Brown''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[21 Januari]] mwaka [[1990]] huko Ottawa, Ontario) ni mfuatiliaji na mwanariadha wa uwanjani kutokea nchini [[Kanada]] anayeshiriki katika mbio za kasi, hasa mbio za mita 400.<ref name="a">[http://olympic.ca/team-canada/alicia-brown/ COC Profile]</ref><ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/canada/alicia-brown-281542 IAAF Profile]</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii: waliohai]] 9jliuqg92998j3pkwjoqwuibumy1iq1 1580645 1580566 2026-07-20T03:57:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alicia Brown''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[21 Januari]] mwaka [[1990]] huko Ottawa, Ontario) ni mfuatiliaji na mwanariadha wa uwanjani kutokea nchini [[Kanada]] anayeshiriki katika mbio za kasi, hasa mbio za mita 400.<ref name="a">[http://olympic.ca/team-canada/alicia-brown/ COC Profile]</ref><ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/canada/alicia-brown-281542 IAAF Profile]</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii: waliohai]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} 6sht119ma1kdqtg74k15glo37qh4xks 1580688 1580645 2026-07-20T09:50:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alicia Brown''' (alizaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1990]] huko Ottawa, Ontario) ni mfuatiliaji na mwanariadha wa uwanjani kutokea nchini [[Kanada]] anayeshiriki katika mbio za kasi, hasa mbio za mita 400.<ref name="a">[http://olympic.ca/team-canada/alicia-brown/ COC Profile]</ref><ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/canada/alicia-brown-281542 IAAF Profile]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:wanariadha wa Kanada]] kf0vdqcggj4mhe1im4ja7nxzy5nru9p 0 242375 1580569 2026-07-19T15:09:28Z Eibrahim77 68081 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tasha Scott''' ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]].<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott Tasha Scott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144044/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott |date=2012-11-03 }}, movies.nytimes.com, retrieved 18 December 2010</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[jamii: waimbaji]]' 1580569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasha Scott''' ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]].<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott Tasha Scott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144044/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott |date=2012-11-03 }}, movies.nytimes.com, retrieved 18 December 2010</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[jamii: waimbaji]] 61iuuiap8gy5tbt14xw6e9pvh75xckw 1580643 1580569 2026-07-20T03:55:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1580643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasha Scott''' ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]].<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott Tasha Scott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144044/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott |date=2012-11-03 }}, movies.nytimes.com, retrieved 18 December 2010</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[jamii: waimbaji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} 25mws6y0qm0xaw9s8dg47grtciv0jke 1580655 1580643 2026-07-20T06:49:19Z Czeus25 Masele 28489 1580655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasha Scott''' ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji wa [[Marekani]].<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott Tasha Scott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144044/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott |date=2012-11-03 }}, movies.nytimes.com, retrieved 18 December 2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[jamii: waimbaji]] 0w2ux8iconn475kx33qw1p0jataha4q 1580694 1580655 2026-07-20T09:51:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasha Scott''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]].<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott Tasha Scott] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103144044/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/64138/Tasha-Scott |date=2012-11-03 }}, movies.nytimes.com, retrieved 18 December 2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} [[jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[jamii:waimbaji wa Marekani]] hcp0xzv579wv1mjlkys4260k8gra7tr 0 242376 1580574 2026-07-19T16:06:51Z Kandymaster 91018 Kuanzisha ukurasa kwa kuutafsili kutoka Kingereza 1580574 wikitext text/x-wiki Brian Mushana Kwesiga (alizaliwa mwaka 1987) ni [[mhandisi]] na kiongozi wa shughuli za kiraia aliyezaliwa [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Value your worth and negotiate- Kwesiga|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/jobs-and-career/value-your-worth-and-negotiate-kwesiga-4870650|work=Monitor|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">Nabakooza, Sarah (4 August 2025). "Aerospace engineer charting new paths in global trade". ''New Vision Pakasa''.</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa Chama cha Waganda wa [[Amerika Kaskazini|Amerika]] [[Amerika Kaskazini|ya Kaskazini]] (Ugandan North American Association, UNAA) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Brian Kwesiga becomes youngest UNAA president - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1330619/brian-kwesiga-unaa-president|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika (Africa Policy Accelerator) katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) kwa kipindi cha 2024–2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=2025 Cohort {{!}} Africa Policy Accelerator {{!}} CSIS|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/africa-program/africa-policy-accelerator/2025-cohort|work=www.csis.org|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanaume]] ya [[mchezo]] wa lakrosi ya Uganda.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sports: Uganda Lacrosse hire new team manager|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/uganda-lacrosse-hire-new-team-manager-NV_159475_062026|work=New Vision|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Uganda Lacrosse Names Brian Kwesiga as General Manager|url=https://softpower.ug/uganda-lacrosse-names-brian-kwesiga-as-general-manager/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kwesiga alizaliwa mwaka 1987 katika [[Kaunti]] ya Rujumbura, [[Wilaya]] ya [[Rukungiri]], kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/from-lockheed-martin-to-northrop-grumman-and-raytheon-technologies-meet-brian-kwesiga-a-systems-engineer-from-rukungiri-uganda-making-moves-in-the-us-defence-and-aerospace-world/|work=www.ceo.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwesiga, the young man steering Ugandans in America ahead - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1324841/kwesiga-steering-ugandans-america-ahead|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alihamia [[Marekani]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 15 baada ya kukamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya kiwango cha O-Level katika [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Kibuli, jijini [[Kampala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nchini Marekani, alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] Mshiriki wa Sayansi (Associate of Science) kutoka kampasi ya Brookhaven ya Chuo cha Dallas (Brookhaven Campus, Dallas College) mnamo mwaka 2005. Baadaye, chuo hicho kilimtunuku tuzo ya Tuzo ya Wahitimu Mashuhuri (Distinguished Alumni Award) mwaka 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Alipata shahada mbili za kwanza: Shahada ya [[Sayansi]] (B.S.) katika uhandisi wa umeme na Shahada ya Sanaa (B.A.) katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Methodist (SMU) mwaka wa 2009.<ref>Ninety-fourth annual Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 Sep 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Baadaye alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.S.) katika uhandisi wa mifumo kutoka SMU mwaka 2018,<ref>"December Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> na [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] ya Utawala wa Biashara wa Kimataifa (Master of Global Business Administration) kutoka Kitivo cha Fletcher ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts mwaka 2025. Wakati wa programu ya Tufts, alijumuishwa katika Chama cha Honos Civicus kwa ajili ya uongozi wa uraia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honos Civicus Society {{!}} Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life|url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/community/civic-honors/honos-civicus-society|work=tischcollege.tufts.edu|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi Katika Sekta ya Anga za Juu == Kwesiga amefanya kazi nchini Marekani katika sekta ya anga na [[ulinzi]] kama mhandisi wa mifumo. [[Wasifu]] uliochapishwa na [[jarida]] la ''CEO East Africa'' mwaka 2023 uliripoti kuwa amewahi kufanya kazi kwenye nafasi mbalimbali katika kampuni za [[Lockheed Martin]], Northrop Grumman, na Raytheon Technologies.<ref name=":6" /> Makala maalum iliyochapishwa na gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' mwaka 2024 ilimtaja kuwa mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga na sekta ya anga za juu mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika [[uhandisi wa mifumo]], uundaji wa programu za kompyuta, majaribio ya ndege, na usimamizi wa programu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Uongozi wa Kiraia na Ushiriki wa Umma == === Urais wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) === Mnamo Septemba 2013, Kwesiga alichaguliwa kuwa rais na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) akiwa na umri wa miaka 26.<ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker; Kimbowa, Joseph (17 October 2013). "Ugandan North American Association Boss With Big Dreams". ''The Observer / AllAfrica''. Observer Media Ltd. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' liliripoti kuwa alikuwa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo wakati huo.<ref name=":2" /> Kipindi chake cha [[uongozi]] cha miaka miwili kiliambatana na maadhimisho ya miaka 25 ya UNAA na kipindi cha kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wa Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Wakati wa [[ziara]] ya Rais [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mjini [[Dallas, Texas]], mwaka 2014, Kwesiga alizungumza naye kuhusu masuala yaliyokuwa yakiwakabili Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Gazeti la ''The Observer'' liliripoti kuwa Museveni alieleza kuwa serikali ingeongeza msaada wake kwa UNAA mara tano.<ref>{{Citation|title=Uganda: How Lessons From Brazil Inspired Brian Kwesiga's UNAA Dream|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201505041403.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ripoti za [[vyombo vya habari]] vya wakati huo zilibainisha mabadiliko ya kiutawala na kifedha ndani ya chama hicho wakati wa uongozi wake, ikiwemo matumizi ya mifumo rasmi ya [[benki]] kwa malipo ya wanachama na kuagizwa kwa ukaguzi huru wa hesabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Detractors will not derail UNAA from its mission|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1341768/detractors-derail-unaa-mission|work=New Vision|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Pia alisimamia kuanzishwa kwa [[programu]] kadha wa kadha, zikiwemo programu ya ufadhili wa masomo kwa viongozi chipukizi wa Waganda wenye asili ya Marekani, mitandao ya wataalamu kulingana na taaluma zao, mpango wa huduma kwa jamii, na mfuko wa kuendeleza matawi ya chama.<ref name=":0" /> === Utetezi wa Sera za Ughaibuni === Wakati wa uongozi wake katika UNAA, Kwesiga alizungumza hadharani kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni, yakiwemo haki ya kupiga kura kutoka nje ya nchi na uwakilishi wa kisiasa.<ref name=":7">Musisi, Frederic (7 August 2015). "Ugandans in North America Want to Vote Abroad". ''Daily Monitor / AllAfrica''. Nation Media Group Uganda. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' iliripoti kuwa aliunga mkono upigaji kura katika [[balozi]] na ofisi za uwakilishi wa Uganda nje ya nchi, akitaja fedha zinazotumwa nyumbani na michango mingine ya ughaibuni kama sababu ya msingi.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandan citizens in North America want to vote abroad|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/ugandan-citizens-in-north-america-want-to-vote-abroad-2529540|work=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Katika ripoti hiyo hiyo, maafisa wa serikali walijadili mipango ya kuimarisha ushiriki wa [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Idara ya Huduma za Ughaibuni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Won't Vote, Says Kiggundu|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201508130815.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Amechapisha makala za maoni kuhusu mageuzi ya uraia wa nchi mbili na uongozi wa ughaibuni katika magazeti ya ''New Vision'' na ''Daily Monitor''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blogs: From fear to opportunity: Rethinking Uganda’s dual citizenship laws|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/from-fear-to-opportunity-rethinking-ugandas-d-NV_199234_062026|work=New Vision|date=2024-11-07|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where the homeland forgets, the diaspora remembers|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/where-the-homeland-forgets-the-diaspora-remembers-5034324|work=Monitor|date=2025-05-09|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa mshiriki (fellow) wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (CSIS), taasisi ya utafiti wa sera yenye makao yake [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ameshiriki katika mashauriano ya kamati za pamoja za Bunge la Uganda za Masuala ya Sheria na Bunge pamoja na Ulinzi na Mambo ya Ndani kuhusu Muswada wa Ulinzi wa Mamlaka ya Taifa wa mwaka 2026 (''Protection of Sovereignty Bill, 2026'').<ref>{{Citation|last=Nabakooza|first=Shamim|title='You Can Also Be Used Against Uganda' – Diaspora Warn MPs Over Sovereignty Bill|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337889/you-can-also-be-used-against-uganda-diaspora-warn-mps-over-sovereignty-bill|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ingawa aliunga mkono lengo la kulinda mamlaka ya taifa, alieleza kuwa kuwatambua Waganda wanaoishi nje ya nchi kama wageni kulikuwa kunapingana na mifumo iliyopo ya serikali inayotambua ughaibuni kama mshirika wa maendeleo, na kwamba hatua hiyo ingeweza kuunda mfumo wa uraia wa madaraja mawili.<ref>{{Citation|last=Namayo|first=Moses|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Oppose Sovereignty Bill, Warn of Investment Risks|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337916/ugandans-in-diaspora-oppose-sovereignty-bill-warn-of-investment-risks|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank weighs in on Sovereignty Bill, as Ugandan diaspora seek clarity {{!}} Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4417/central-bank-weighs-sovereignty-bill-ugandan-diaspora-seek-clarity|work=www.parliament.go.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> === Diplomasia ya Michezo === Mnamo Mei 2023, Chama cha mchezo wa Lakrosi cha Uganda kilimteua Kwesiga kuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya lakrosi ya wanaume ya Uganda.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' lilimuelezea kama Mganda wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":4" /> Ripoti za vyombo vya habari zilieleza kuwa aliongoza juhudi za kuchangisha fedha na uratibu uliowezesha Uganda kushiriki katika mashindano ya dunia ya Lakrosi ya mwaka 2023 huko San Diego. Ripoti hizo za vyombo vya habari zilitaja Uganda kama taifa pekee la Afrika lililoshiriki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gov't Grants Uganda Lacrosse Shs 130m for World Championship in San Diego|url=https://softpower.ug/govt-grants-uganda-lacrosse-shs-130m-for-world-championship-in-san-diego/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-25|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Muhamadi Byemboijana}}</ref><ref>"Uganda ranked 30th at World Lacrosse Championship". ''New Vision''. 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 World Lacrosse Men’s Championship concludes after 11 days - World Lacrosse|url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/2023-world-lacrosse-mens-championship-concludes-after-11-days/|date=2023-07-02|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=World Lacrosse}}</ref> Kwesiga alianzisha klabu ya soka ya Dallas Cranes mnamo mwaka 2009, timu ya kandanda ya Waganda yenye makao yake Texas, na alitambuliwa na Muungano wa Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya DFW kwa uongozi wake.<ref name=":6" /> == Marejeleo == cdpm22yduv97frnpcbk34qep9sfl9mf 1580587 1580574 2026-07-19T16:43:28Z Kandymaster 91018 Kuongeza picha 1580587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Brian-Mushana-Kwesiga.jpg|thumb|250px|Brian Mushana Kwesiga mwaka 2019.]] Brian Mushana Kwesiga (alizaliwa mwaka 1987) ni [[mhandisi]] na kiongozi wa shughuli za kiraia aliyezaliwa [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Value your worth and negotiate- Kwesiga|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/jobs-and-career/value-your-worth-and-negotiate-kwesiga-4870650|work=Monitor|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">Nabakooza, Sarah (4 August 2025). "Aerospace engineer charting new paths in global trade". ''New Vision Pakasa''.</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa Chama cha Waganda wa [[Amerika Kaskazini|Amerika]] [[Amerika Kaskazini|ya Kaskazini]] (Ugandan North American Association, UNAA) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Brian Kwesiga becomes youngest UNAA president - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1330619/brian-kwesiga-unaa-president|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika (Africa Policy Accelerator) katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) kwa kipindi cha 2024–2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=2025 Cohort {{!}} Africa Policy Accelerator {{!}} CSIS|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/africa-program/africa-policy-accelerator/2025-cohort|work=www.csis.org|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanaume]] ya [[mchezo]] wa lakrosi ya Uganda.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sports: Uganda Lacrosse hire new team manager|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/uganda-lacrosse-hire-new-team-manager-NV_159475_062026|work=New Vision|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Uganda Lacrosse Names Brian Kwesiga as General Manager|url=https://softpower.ug/uganda-lacrosse-names-brian-kwesiga-as-general-manager/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kwesiga alizaliwa mwaka 1987 katika [[Kaunti]] ya Rujumbura, [[Wilaya]] ya [[Rukungiri]], kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/from-lockheed-martin-to-northrop-grumman-and-raytheon-technologies-meet-brian-kwesiga-a-systems-engineer-from-rukungiri-uganda-making-moves-in-the-us-defence-and-aerospace-world/|work=www.ceo.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwesiga, the young man steering Ugandans in America ahead - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1324841/kwesiga-steering-ugandans-america-ahead|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alihamia [[Marekani]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 15 baada ya kukamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya kiwango cha O-Level katika [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Kibuli, jijini [[Kampala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nchini Marekani, alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] Mshiriki wa Sayansi (Associate of Science) kutoka kampasi ya Brookhaven ya Chuo cha Dallas (Brookhaven Campus, Dallas College) mnamo mwaka 2005. Baadaye, chuo hicho kilimtunuku tuzo ya Tuzo ya Wahitimu Mashuhuri (Distinguished Alumni Award) mwaka 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Alipata shahada mbili za kwanza: Shahada ya [[Sayansi]] (B.S.) katika uhandisi wa umeme na Shahada ya Sanaa (B.A.) katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Methodist (SMU) mwaka wa 2009.<ref>Ninety-fourth annual Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 Sep 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Baadaye alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.S.) katika uhandisi wa mifumo kutoka SMU mwaka 2018,<ref>"December Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> na [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] ya Utawala wa Biashara wa Kimataifa (Master of Global Business Administration) kutoka Kitivo cha Fletcher ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts mwaka 2025. Wakati wa programu ya Tufts, alijumuishwa katika Chama cha Honos Civicus kwa ajili ya uongozi wa uraia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honos Civicus Society {{!}} Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life|url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/community/civic-honors/honos-civicus-society|work=tischcollege.tufts.edu|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi Katika Sekta ya Anga za Juu == Kwesiga amefanya kazi nchini Marekani katika sekta ya anga na [[ulinzi]] kama mhandisi wa mifumo. [[Wasifu]] uliochapishwa na [[jarida]] la ''CEO East Africa'' mwaka 2023 uliripoti kuwa amewahi kufanya kazi kwenye nafasi mbalimbali katika kampuni za [[Lockheed Martin]], Northrop Grumman, na Raytheon Technologies.<ref name=":6" /> Makala maalum iliyochapishwa na gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' mwaka 2024 ilimtaja kuwa mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga na sekta ya anga za juu mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika [[uhandisi wa mifumo]], uundaji wa programu za kompyuta, majaribio ya ndege, na usimamizi wa programu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Uongozi wa Kiraia na Ushiriki wa Umma == === Urais wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) === Mnamo Septemba 2013, Kwesiga alichaguliwa kuwa rais na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) akiwa na umri wa miaka 26.<ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker; Kimbowa, Joseph (17 October 2013). "Ugandan North American Association Boss With Big Dreams". ''The Observer / AllAfrica''. Observer Media Ltd. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' liliripoti kuwa alikuwa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo wakati huo.<ref name=":2" /> Kipindi chake cha [[uongozi]] cha miaka miwili kiliambatana na maadhimisho ya miaka 25 ya UNAA na kipindi cha kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wa Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Wakati wa [[ziara]] ya Rais [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mjini [[Dallas, Texas]], mwaka 2014, Kwesiga alizungumza naye kuhusu masuala yaliyokuwa yakiwakabili Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Gazeti la ''The Observer'' liliripoti kuwa Museveni alieleza kuwa serikali ingeongeza msaada wake kwa UNAA mara tano.<ref>{{Citation|title=Uganda: How Lessons From Brazil Inspired Brian Kwesiga's UNAA Dream|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201505041403.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ripoti za [[vyombo vya habari]] vya wakati huo zilibainisha mabadiliko ya kiutawala na kifedha ndani ya chama hicho wakati wa uongozi wake, ikiwemo matumizi ya mifumo rasmi ya [[benki]] kwa malipo ya wanachama na kuagizwa kwa ukaguzi huru wa hesabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Detractors will not derail UNAA from its mission|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1341768/detractors-derail-unaa-mission|work=New Vision|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Pia alisimamia kuanzishwa kwa [[programu]] kadha wa kadha, zikiwemo programu ya ufadhili wa masomo kwa viongozi chipukizi wa Waganda wenye asili ya Marekani, mitandao ya wataalamu kulingana na taaluma zao, mpango wa huduma kwa jamii, na mfuko wa kuendeleza matawi ya chama.<ref name=":0" /> === Utetezi wa Sera za Ughaibuni === Wakati wa uongozi wake katika UNAA, Kwesiga alizungumza hadharani kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni, yakiwemo haki ya kupiga kura kutoka nje ya nchi na uwakilishi wa kisiasa.<ref name=":7">Musisi, Frederic (7 August 2015). "Ugandans in North America Want to Vote Abroad". ''Daily Monitor / AllAfrica''. Nation Media Group Uganda. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' iliripoti kuwa aliunga mkono upigaji kura katika [[balozi]] na ofisi za uwakilishi wa Uganda nje ya nchi, akitaja fedha zinazotumwa nyumbani na michango mingine ya ughaibuni kama sababu ya msingi.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandan citizens in North America want to vote abroad|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/ugandan-citizens-in-north-america-want-to-vote-abroad-2529540|work=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Katika ripoti hiyo hiyo, maafisa wa serikali walijadili mipango ya kuimarisha ushiriki wa [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Idara ya Huduma za Ughaibuni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Won't Vote, Says Kiggundu|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201508130815.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Amechapisha makala za maoni kuhusu mageuzi ya uraia wa nchi mbili na uongozi wa ughaibuni katika magazeti ya ''New Vision'' na ''Daily Monitor''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blogs: From fear to opportunity: Rethinking Uganda’s dual citizenship laws|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/from-fear-to-opportunity-rethinking-ugandas-d-NV_199234_062026|work=New Vision|date=2024-11-07|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where the homeland forgets, the diaspora remembers|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/where-the-homeland-forgets-the-diaspora-remembers-5034324|work=Monitor|date=2025-05-09|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa mshiriki (fellow) wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (CSIS), taasisi ya utafiti wa sera yenye makao yake [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ameshiriki katika mashauriano ya kamati za pamoja za Bunge la Uganda za Masuala ya Sheria na Bunge pamoja na Ulinzi na Mambo ya Ndani kuhusu Muswada wa Ulinzi wa Mamlaka ya Taifa wa mwaka 2026 (''Protection of Sovereignty Bill, 2026'').<ref>{{Citation|last=Nabakooza|first=Shamim|title='You Can Also Be Used Against Uganda' – Diaspora Warn MPs Over Sovereignty Bill|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337889/you-can-also-be-used-against-uganda-diaspora-warn-mps-over-sovereignty-bill|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ingawa aliunga mkono lengo la kulinda mamlaka ya taifa, alieleza kuwa kuwatambua Waganda wanaoishi nje ya nchi kama wageni kulikuwa kunapingana na mifumo iliyopo ya serikali inayotambua ughaibuni kama mshirika wa maendeleo, na kwamba hatua hiyo ingeweza kuunda mfumo wa uraia wa madaraja mawili.<ref>{{Citation|last=Namayo|first=Moses|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Oppose Sovereignty Bill, Warn of Investment Risks|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337916/ugandans-in-diaspora-oppose-sovereignty-bill-warn-of-investment-risks|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank weighs in on Sovereignty Bill, as Ugandan diaspora seek clarity {{!}} Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4417/central-bank-weighs-sovereignty-bill-ugandan-diaspora-seek-clarity|work=www.parliament.go.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> === Diplomasia ya Michezo === Mnamo Mei 2023, Chama cha mchezo wa Lakrosi cha Uganda kilimteua Kwesiga kuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya lakrosi ya wanaume ya Uganda.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' lilimuelezea kama Mganda wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":4" /> Ripoti za vyombo vya habari zilieleza kuwa aliongoza juhudi za kuchangisha fedha na uratibu uliowezesha Uganda kushiriki katika mashindano ya dunia ya Lakrosi ya mwaka 2023 huko San Diego. Ripoti hizo za vyombo vya habari zilitaja Uganda kama taifa pekee la Afrika lililoshiriki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gov't Grants Uganda Lacrosse Shs 130m for World Championship in San Diego|url=https://softpower.ug/govt-grants-uganda-lacrosse-shs-130m-for-world-championship-in-san-diego/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-25|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Muhamadi Byemboijana}}</ref><ref>"Uganda ranked 30th at World Lacrosse Championship". ''New Vision''. 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 World Lacrosse Men’s Championship concludes after 11 days - World Lacrosse|url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/2023-world-lacrosse-mens-championship-concludes-after-11-days/|date=2023-07-02|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=World Lacrosse}}</ref> Kwesiga alianzisha klabu ya soka ya Dallas Cranes mnamo mwaka 2009, timu ya kandanda ya Waganda yenye makao yake Texas, na alitambuliwa na Muungano wa Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya DFW kwa uongozi wake.<ref name=":6" /> == Marejeleo == 0mp5xzcwhiotbaz3ptgosyzmkvia0v6 1580592 1580587 2026-07-19T17:11:39Z Kandymaster 91018 Kusasisha makala 1580592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | picha = Brian-Mushana-Kwesiga.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Kwesiga mnamo mwaka 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | amezaliwa = [[Rujumbura, Rukungiri]], Uganda | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 1987 | jina lingine = | kazi yake = Mhandisi wa mifumo | tovuti = }} Brian Mushana Kwesiga (alizaliwa mwaka 1987) ni [[mhandisi]] na kiongozi wa shughuli za kiraia aliyezaliwa [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Value your worth and negotiate- Kwesiga|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/jobs-and-career/value-your-worth-and-negotiate-kwesiga-4870650|work=Monitor|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">Nabakooza, Sarah (4 August 2025). "Aerospace engineer charting new paths in global trade". ''New Vision Pakasa''.</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa Chama cha Waganda wa [[Amerika Kaskazini|Amerika]] [[Amerika Kaskazini|ya Kaskazini]] (Ugandan North American Association, UNAA) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Brian Kwesiga becomes youngest UNAA president - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1330619/brian-kwesiga-unaa-president|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika (Africa Policy Accelerator) katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) kwa kipindi cha 2024–2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=2025 Cohort {{!}} Africa Policy Accelerator {{!}} CSIS|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/africa-program/africa-policy-accelerator/2025-cohort|work=www.csis.org|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanaume]] ya [[mchezo]] wa lakrosi ya Uganda.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sports: Uganda Lacrosse hire new team manager|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/uganda-lacrosse-hire-new-team-manager-NV_159475_062026|work=New Vision|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Uganda Lacrosse Names Brian Kwesiga as General Manager|url=https://softpower.ug/uganda-lacrosse-names-brian-kwesiga-as-general-manager/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kwesiga alizaliwa mwaka 1987 katika [[Kaunti]] ya Rujumbura, [[Wilaya]] ya [[Rukungiri]], kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/from-lockheed-martin-to-northrop-grumman-and-raytheon-technologies-meet-brian-kwesiga-a-systems-engineer-from-rukungiri-uganda-making-moves-in-the-us-defence-and-aerospace-world/|work=www.ceo.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwesiga, the young man steering Ugandans in America ahead - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1324841/kwesiga-steering-ugandans-america-ahead|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alihamia [[Marekani]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 15 baada ya kukamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya kiwango cha O-Level katika [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Kibuli, jijini [[Kampala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nchini Marekani, alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] Mshiriki wa Sayansi (Associate of Science) kutoka kampasi ya Brookhaven ya Chuo cha Dallas (Brookhaven Campus, Dallas College) mnamo mwaka 2005. Baadaye, chuo hicho kilimtunuku tuzo ya Tuzo ya Wahitimu Mashuhuri (Distinguished Alumni Award) mwaka 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Alipata shahada mbili za kwanza: Shahada ya [[Sayansi]] (B.S.) katika uhandisi wa umeme na Shahada ya Sanaa (B.A.) katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Methodist (SMU) mwaka wa 2009.<ref>Ninety-fourth annual Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 Sep 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Baadaye alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.S.) katika uhandisi wa mifumo kutoka SMU mwaka 2018,<ref>"December Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> na [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] ya Utawala wa Biashara wa Kimataifa (Master of Global Business Administration) kutoka Kitivo cha Fletcher ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts mwaka 2025. Wakati wa programu ya Tufts, alijumuishwa katika Chama cha Honos Civicus kwa ajili ya uongozi wa uraia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honos Civicus Society {{!}} Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life|url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/community/civic-honors/honos-civicus-society|work=tischcollege.tufts.edu|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi Katika Sekta ya Anga za Juu == Kwesiga amefanya kazi nchini Marekani katika sekta ya anga na [[ulinzi]] kama mhandisi wa mifumo. [[Wasifu]] uliochapishwa na [[jarida]] la ''CEO East Africa'' mwaka 2023 uliripoti kuwa amewahi kufanya kazi kwenye nafasi mbalimbali katika kampuni za [[Lockheed Martin]], Northrop Grumman, na Raytheon Technologies.<ref name=":6" /> Makala maalum iliyochapishwa na gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' mwaka 2024 ilimtaja kuwa mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga na sekta ya anga za juu mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika [[uhandisi wa mifumo]], uundaji wa programu za kompyuta, majaribio ya ndege, na usimamizi wa programu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Uongozi wa Kiraia na Ushiriki wa Umma == === Urais wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) === Mnamo Septemba 2013, Kwesiga alichaguliwa kuwa rais na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) akiwa na umri wa miaka 26.<ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker; Kimbowa, Joseph (17 October 2013). "Ugandan North American Association Boss With Big Dreams". ''The Observer / AllAfrica''. Observer Media Ltd. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' liliripoti kuwa alikuwa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo wakati huo.<ref name=":2" /> Kipindi chake cha [[uongozi]] cha miaka miwili kiliambatana na maadhimisho ya miaka 25 ya UNAA na kipindi cha kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wa Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Wakati wa [[ziara]] ya Rais [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mjini [[Dallas, Texas]], mwaka 2014, Kwesiga alizungumza naye kuhusu masuala yaliyokuwa yakiwakabili Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Gazeti la ''The Observer'' liliripoti kuwa Museveni alieleza kuwa serikali ingeongeza msaada wake kwa UNAA mara tano.<ref>{{Citation|title=Uganda: How Lessons From Brazil Inspired Brian Kwesiga's UNAA Dream|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201505041403.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ripoti za [[vyombo vya habari]] vya wakati huo zilibainisha mabadiliko ya kiutawala na kifedha ndani ya chama hicho wakati wa uongozi wake, ikiwemo matumizi ya mifumo rasmi ya [[benki]] kwa malipo ya wanachama na kuagizwa kwa ukaguzi huru wa hesabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Detractors will not derail UNAA from its mission|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1341768/detractors-derail-unaa-mission|work=New Vision|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Pia alisimamia kuanzishwa kwa [[programu]] kadha wa kadha, zikiwemo programu ya ufadhili wa masomo kwa viongozi chipukizi wa Waganda wenye asili ya Marekani, mitandao ya wataalamu kulingana na taaluma zao, mpango wa huduma kwa jamii, na mfuko wa kuendeleza matawi ya chama.<ref name=":0" /> === Utetezi wa Sera za Ughaibuni === Wakati wa uongozi wake katika UNAA, Kwesiga alizungumza hadharani kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni, yakiwemo haki ya kupiga kura kutoka nje ya nchi na uwakilishi wa kisiasa.<ref name=":7">Musisi, Frederic (7 August 2015). "Ugandans in North America Want to Vote Abroad". ''Daily Monitor / AllAfrica''. Nation Media Group Uganda. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' iliripoti kuwa aliunga mkono upigaji kura katika [[balozi]] na ofisi za uwakilishi wa Uganda nje ya nchi, akitaja fedha zinazotumwa nyumbani na michango mingine ya ughaibuni kama sababu ya msingi.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandan citizens in North America want to vote abroad|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/ugandan-citizens-in-north-america-want-to-vote-abroad-2529540|work=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Katika ripoti hiyo hiyo, maafisa wa serikali walijadili mipango ya kuimarisha ushiriki wa [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Idara ya Huduma za Ughaibuni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Won't Vote, Says Kiggundu|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201508130815.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Amechapisha makala za maoni kuhusu mageuzi ya uraia wa nchi mbili na uongozi wa ughaibuni katika magazeti ya ''New Vision'' na ''Daily Monitor''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blogs: From fear to opportunity: Rethinking Uganda’s dual citizenship laws|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/from-fear-to-opportunity-rethinking-ugandas-d-NV_199234_062026|work=New Vision|date=2024-11-07|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where the homeland forgets, the diaspora remembers|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/where-the-homeland-forgets-the-diaspora-remembers-5034324|work=Monitor|date=2025-05-09|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa mshiriki (fellow) wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (CSIS), taasisi ya utafiti wa sera yenye makao yake [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ameshiriki katika mashauriano ya kamati za pamoja za Bunge la Uganda za Masuala ya Sheria na Bunge pamoja na Ulinzi na Mambo ya Ndani kuhusu Muswada wa Ulinzi wa Mamlaka ya Taifa wa mwaka 2026 (''Protection of Sovereignty Bill, 2026'').<ref>{{Citation|last=Nabakooza|first=Shamim|title='You Can Also Be Used Against Uganda' – Diaspora Warn MPs Over Sovereignty Bill|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337889/you-can-also-be-used-against-uganda-diaspora-warn-mps-over-sovereignty-bill|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ingawa aliunga mkono lengo la kulinda mamlaka ya taifa, alieleza kuwa kuwatambua Waganda wanaoishi nje ya nchi kama wageni kulikuwa kunapingana na mifumo iliyopo ya serikali inayotambua ughaibuni kama mshirika wa maendeleo, na kwamba hatua hiyo ingeweza kuunda mfumo wa uraia wa madaraja mawili.<ref>{{Citation|last=Namayo|first=Moses|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Oppose Sovereignty Bill, Warn of Investment Risks|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337916/ugandans-in-diaspora-oppose-sovereignty-bill-warn-of-investment-risks|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank weighs in on Sovereignty Bill, as Ugandan diaspora seek clarity {{!}} Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4417/central-bank-weighs-sovereignty-bill-ugandan-diaspora-seek-clarity|work=www.parliament.go.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> === Diplomasia ya Michezo === Mnamo Mei 2023, Chama cha mchezo wa Lakrosi cha Uganda kilimteua Kwesiga kuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya lakrosi ya wanaume ya Uganda.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' lilimuelezea kama Mganda wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":4" /> Ripoti za vyombo vya habari zilieleza kuwa aliongoza juhudi za kuchangisha fedha na uratibu uliowezesha Uganda kushiriki katika mashindano ya dunia ya Lakrosi ya mwaka 2023 huko San Diego. Ripoti hizo za vyombo vya habari zilitaja Uganda kama taifa pekee la Afrika lililoshiriki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gov't Grants Uganda Lacrosse Shs 130m for World Championship in San Diego|url=https://softpower.ug/govt-grants-uganda-lacrosse-shs-130m-for-world-championship-in-san-diego/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-25|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Muhamadi Byemboijana}}</ref><ref>"Uganda ranked 30th at World Lacrosse Championship". ''New Vision''. 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 World Lacrosse Men’s Championship concludes after 11 days - World Lacrosse|url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/2023-world-lacrosse-mens-championship-concludes-after-11-days/|date=2023-07-02|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=World Lacrosse}}</ref> Kwesiga alianzisha klabu ya soka ya Dallas Cranes mnamo mwaka 2009, timu ya kandanda ya Waganda yenye makao yake Texas, na alitambuliwa na Muungano wa Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya DFW kwa uongozi wake.<ref name=":6" /> == Marejeleo == shxb8zh4fy3gkgrhyk3y834oi4nrm2e 1580593 1580592 2026-07-19T17:15:48Z Kandymaster 91018 Kusasisha makala 1580593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | picha = Brian-Mushana-Kwesiga.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Kwesiga mnamo mwaka 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | amezaliwa = [[Rujumbura, Rukungiri]], Uganda | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 1987 | jina lingine = | kazi yake = Mhandisi wa mifumo | tovuti = www.mushana.com }} Brian Mushana Kwesiga (alizaliwa mwaka 1987) ni [[mhandisi]] na kiongozi wa shughuli za kiraia aliyezaliwa [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Value your worth and negotiate- Kwesiga|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/jobs-and-career/value-your-worth-and-negotiate-kwesiga-4870650|work=Monitor|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">Nabakooza, Sarah (4 August 2025). "Aerospace engineer charting new paths in global trade". ''New Vision Pakasa''.</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa Chama cha Waganda wa [[Amerika Kaskazini|Amerika]] [[Amerika Kaskazini|ya Kaskazini]] (Ugandan North American Association, UNAA) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Brian Kwesiga becomes youngest UNAA president - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1330619/brian-kwesiga-unaa-president|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika (Africa Policy Accelerator) katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) kwa kipindi cha 2024–2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=2025 Cohort {{!}} Africa Policy Accelerator {{!}} CSIS|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/africa-program/africa-policy-accelerator/2025-cohort|work=www.csis.org|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanaume]] ya [[mchezo]] wa lakrosi ya Uganda.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sports: Uganda Lacrosse hire new team manager|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/uganda-lacrosse-hire-new-team-manager-NV_159475_062026|work=New Vision|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Uganda Lacrosse Names Brian Kwesiga as General Manager|url=https://softpower.ug/uganda-lacrosse-names-brian-kwesiga-as-general-manager/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kwesiga alizaliwa mwaka 1987 katika [[Kaunti]] ya Rujumbura, [[Wilaya]] ya [[Rukungiri]], kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/from-lockheed-martin-to-northrop-grumman-and-raytheon-technologies-meet-brian-kwesiga-a-systems-engineer-from-rukungiri-uganda-making-moves-in-the-us-defence-and-aerospace-world/|work=www.ceo.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwesiga, the young man steering Ugandans in America ahead - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1324841/kwesiga-steering-ugandans-america-ahead|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alihamia [[Marekani]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 15 baada ya kukamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya kiwango cha O-Level katika [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Kibuli, jijini [[Kampala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nchini Marekani, alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] Mshiriki wa Sayansi (Associate of Science) kutoka kampasi ya Brookhaven ya Chuo cha Dallas (Brookhaven Campus, Dallas College) mnamo mwaka 2005. Baadaye, chuo hicho kilimtunuku tuzo ya Tuzo ya Wahitimu Mashuhuri (Distinguished Alumni Award) mwaka 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Alipata shahada mbili za kwanza: Shahada ya [[Sayansi]] (B.S.) katika uhandisi wa umeme na Shahada ya Sanaa (B.A.) katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Methodist (SMU) mwaka wa 2009.<ref>Ninety-fourth annual Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 Sep 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Baadaye alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.S.) katika uhandisi wa mifumo kutoka SMU mwaka 2018,<ref>"December Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> na [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] ya Utawala wa Biashara wa Kimataifa (Master of Global Business Administration) kutoka Kitivo cha Fletcher ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts mwaka 2025. Wakati wa programu ya Tufts, alijumuishwa katika Chama cha Honos Civicus kwa ajili ya uongozi wa uraia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honos Civicus Society {{!}} Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life|url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/community/civic-honors/honos-civicus-society|work=tischcollege.tufts.edu|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi Katika Sekta ya Anga za Juu == Kwesiga amefanya kazi nchini Marekani katika sekta ya anga na [[ulinzi]] kama mhandisi wa mifumo. [[Wasifu]] uliochapishwa na [[jarida]] la ''CEO East Africa'' mwaka 2023 uliripoti kuwa amewahi kufanya kazi kwenye nafasi mbalimbali katika kampuni za [[Lockheed Martin]], Northrop Grumman, na Raytheon Technologies.<ref name=":6" /> Makala maalum iliyochapishwa na gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' mwaka 2024 ilimtaja kuwa mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga na sekta ya anga za juu mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika [[uhandisi wa mifumo]], uundaji wa programu za kompyuta, majaribio ya ndege, na usimamizi wa programu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Uongozi wa Kiraia na Ushiriki wa Umma == === Urais wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) === Mnamo Septemba 2013, Kwesiga alichaguliwa kuwa rais na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) akiwa na umri wa miaka 26.<ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker; Kimbowa, Joseph (17 October 2013). "Ugandan North American Association Boss With Big Dreams". ''The Observer / AllAfrica''. Observer Media Ltd. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' liliripoti kuwa alikuwa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo wakati huo.<ref name=":2" /> Kipindi chake cha [[uongozi]] cha miaka miwili kiliambatana na maadhimisho ya miaka 25 ya UNAA na kipindi cha kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wa Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Wakati wa [[ziara]] ya Rais [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mjini [[Dallas, Texas]], mwaka 2014, Kwesiga alizungumza naye kuhusu masuala yaliyokuwa yakiwakabili Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Gazeti la ''The Observer'' liliripoti kuwa Museveni alieleza kuwa serikali ingeongeza msaada wake kwa UNAA mara tano.<ref>{{Citation|title=Uganda: How Lessons From Brazil Inspired Brian Kwesiga's UNAA Dream|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201505041403.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ripoti za [[vyombo vya habari]] vya wakati huo zilibainisha mabadiliko ya kiutawala na kifedha ndani ya chama hicho wakati wa uongozi wake, ikiwemo matumizi ya mifumo rasmi ya [[benki]] kwa malipo ya wanachama na kuagizwa kwa ukaguzi huru wa hesabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Detractors will not derail UNAA from its mission|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1341768/detractors-derail-unaa-mission|work=New Vision|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Pia alisimamia kuanzishwa kwa [[programu]] kadha wa kadha, zikiwemo programu ya ufadhili wa masomo kwa viongozi chipukizi wa Waganda wenye asili ya Marekani, mitandao ya wataalamu kulingana na taaluma zao, mpango wa huduma kwa jamii, na mfuko wa kuendeleza matawi ya chama.<ref name=":0" /> === Utetezi wa Sera za Ughaibuni === Wakati wa uongozi wake katika UNAA, Kwesiga alizungumza hadharani kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni, yakiwemo haki ya kupiga kura kutoka nje ya nchi na uwakilishi wa kisiasa.<ref name=":7">Musisi, Frederic (7 August 2015). "Ugandans in North America Want to Vote Abroad". ''Daily Monitor / AllAfrica''. Nation Media Group Uganda. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' iliripoti kuwa aliunga mkono upigaji kura katika [[balozi]] na ofisi za uwakilishi wa Uganda nje ya nchi, akitaja fedha zinazotumwa nyumbani na michango mingine ya ughaibuni kama sababu ya msingi.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandan citizens in North America want to vote abroad|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/ugandan-citizens-in-north-america-want-to-vote-abroad-2529540|work=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Katika ripoti hiyo hiyo, maafisa wa serikali walijadili mipango ya kuimarisha ushiriki wa [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Idara ya Huduma za Ughaibuni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Won't Vote, Says Kiggundu|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201508130815.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Amechapisha makala za maoni kuhusu mageuzi ya uraia wa nchi mbili na uongozi wa ughaibuni katika magazeti ya ''New Vision'' na ''Daily Monitor''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blogs: From fear to opportunity: Rethinking Uganda’s dual citizenship laws|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/from-fear-to-opportunity-rethinking-ugandas-d-NV_199234_062026|work=New Vision|date=2024-11-07|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where the homeland forgets, the diaspora remembers|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/where-the-homeland-forgets-the-diaspora-remembers-5034324|work=Monitor|date=2025-05-09|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa mshiriki (fellow) wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (CSIS), taasisi ya utafiti wa sera yenye makao yake [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ameshiriki katika mashauriano ya kamati za pamoja za Bunge la Uganda za Masuala ya Sheria na Bunge pamoja na Ulinzi na Mambo ya Ndani kuhusu Muswada wa Ulinzi wa Mamlaka ya Taifa wa mwaka 2026 (''Protection of Sovereignty Bill, 2026'').<ref>{{Citation|last=Nabakooza|first=Shamim|title='You Can Also Be Used Against Uganda' – Diaspora Warn MPs Over Sovereignty Bill|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337889/you-can-also-be-used-against-uganda-diaspora-warn-mps-over-sovereignty-bill|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ingawa aliunga mkono lengo la kulinda mamlaka ya taifa, alieleza kuwa kuwatambua Waganda wanaoishi nje ya nchi kama wageni kulikuwa kunapingana na mifumo iliyopo ya serikali inayotambua ughaibuni kama mshirika wa maendeleo, na kwamba hatua hiyo ingeweza kuunda mfumo wa uraia wa madaraja mawili.<ref>{{Citation|last=Namayo|first=Moses|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Oppose Sovereignty Bill, Warn of Investment Risks|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337916/ugandans-in-diaspora-oppose-sovereignty-bill-warn-of-investment-risks|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank weighs in on Sovereignty Bill, as Ugandan diaspora seek clarity {{!}} Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4417/central-bank-weighs-sovereignty-bill-ugandan-diaspora-seek-clarity|work=www.parliament.go.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> === Diplomasia ya Michezo === Mnamo Mei 2023, Chama cha mchezo wa Lakrosi cha Uganda kilimteua Kwesiga kuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya lakrosi ya wanaume ya Uganda.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' lilimuelezea kama Mganda wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":4" /> Ripoti za vyombo vya habari zilieleza kuwa aliongoza juhudi za kuchangisha fedha na uratibu uliowezesha Uganda kushiriki katika mashindano ya dunia ya Lakrosi ya mwaka 2023 huko San Diego. Ripoti hizo za vyombo vya habari zilitaja Uganda kama taifa pekee la Afrika lililoshiriki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gov't Grants Uganda Lacrosse Shs 130m for World Championship in San Diego|url=https://softpower.ug/govt-grants-uganda-lacrosse-shs-130m-for-world-championship-in-san-diego/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-25|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Muhamadi Byemboijana}}</ref><ref>"Uganda ranked 30th at World Lacrosse Championship". ''New Vision''. 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 World Lacrosse Men’s Championship concludes after 11 days - World Lacrosse|url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/2023-world-lacrosse-mens-championship-concludes-after-11-days/|date=2023-07-02|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=World Lacrosse}}</ref> Kwesiga alianzisha klabu ya soka ya Dallas Cranes mnamo mwaka 2009, timu ya kandanda ya Waganda yenye makao yake Texas, na alitambuliwa na Muungano wa Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya DFW kwa uongozi wake.<ref name=":6" /> == Marejeleo == b7en6imq3qqjnesk160pou3prug9h11 1580698 1580593 2026-07-20T09:53:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | picha = Brian-Mushana-Kwesiga.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Kwesiga mnamo mwaka 2019 | jina la kuzaliwa = Brian Mushana Kwesiga | amezaliwa = [[Rujumbura, Rukungiri]], Uganda | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 1987 | jina lingine = | kazi yake = Mhandisi wa mifumo | tovuti = www.mushana.com }} '''Brian Mushana Kwesiga''' (alizaliwa 1987) ni [[mhandisi]] na kiongozi wa shughuli za kiraia aliyezaliwa [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Value your worth and negotiate- Kwesiga|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/jobs-and-career/value-your-worth-and-negotiate-kwesiga-4870650|work=Monitor|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">Nabakooza, Sarah (4 August 2025). "Aerospace engineer charting new paths in global trade". ''New Vision Pakasa''.</ref> Alihudumu kama Rais na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa Chama cha Waganda wa [[Amerika Kaskazini]] (Ugandan North American Association, UNAA) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Brian Kwesiga becomes youngest UNAA president - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1330619/brian-kwesiga-unaa-president|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika (Africa Policy Accelerator) katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) kwa kipindi cha 2024–2025.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=2025 Cohort {{!}} Africa Policy Accelerator {{!}} CSIS|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/africa-program/africa-policy-accelerator/2025-cohort|work=www.csis.org|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanaume]] ya [[mchezo]] wa lakrosi ya Uganda.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Sports: Uganda Lacrosse hire new team manager|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/uganda-lacrosse-hire-new-team-manager-NV_159475_062026|work=New Vision|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Uganda Lacrosse Names Brian Kwesiga as General Manager|url=https://softpower.ug/uganda-lacrosse-names-brian-kwesiga-as-general-manager/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-03|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Our Reporter}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kwesiga alizaliwa mwaka 1987 katika [[Kaunti]] ya Rujumbura, [[Wilaya]] ya [[Rukungiri]], kusini-magharibi mwa Uganda.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/from-lockheed-martin-to-northrop-grumman-and-raytheon-technologies-meet-brian-kwesiga-a-systems-engineer-from-rukungiri-uganda-making-moves-in-the-us-defence-and-aerospace-world/|work=www.ceo.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwesiga, the young man steering Ugandans in America ahead - New Vision Official|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1324841/kwesiga-steering-ugandans-america-ahead|work=www.newvision.co.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Alihamia [[Marekani]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 15 baada ya kukamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya kiwango cha O-Level katika [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Kibuli, jijini [[Kampala]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nchini Marekani, alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] Mshiriki wa Sayansi (Associate of Science) kutoka kampasi ya Brookhaven ya Chuo cha Dallas (Brookhaven Campus, Dallas College) mnamo mwaka 2005. Baadaye, chuo hicho kilimtunuku tuzo ya Tuzo ya Wahitimu Mashuhuri (Distinguished Alumni Award) mwaka 2020.<ref name=":3" /> Alipata shahada mbili za kwanza: Shahada ya [[Sayansi]] (B.S.) katika uhandisi wa umeme na Shahada ya Sanaa (B.A.) katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Methodist (SMU) mwaka wa 2009.<ref>Ninety-fourth annual Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 Sep 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Baadaye alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (M.S.) katika uhandisi wa mifumo kutoka SMU mwaka 2018,<ref>"December Commencement Convocation" (PDF). ''smu.edu''. Southern Methodist University. December 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> na [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] ya Utawala wa Biashara wa Kimataifa (Master of Global Business Administration) kutoka Kitivo cha Fletcher ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts mwaka 2025. Wakati wa programu ya Tufts, alijumuishwa katika Chama cha Honos Civicus kwa ajili ya uongozi wa uraia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honos Civicus Society {{!}} Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life|url=https://tischcollege.tufts.edu/community/civic-honors/honos-civicus-society|work=tischcollege.tufts.edu|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi Katika Sekta ya Anga za Juu == Kwesiga amefanya kazi nchini Marekani katika sekta ya anga na [[ulinzi]] kama mhandisi wa mifumo. [[Wasifu]] uliochapishwa na [[jarida]] la ''CEO East Africa'' mwaka 2023 uliripoti kuwa amewahi kufanya kazi kwenye nafasi mbalimbali katika kampuni za [[Lockheed Martin]], Northrop Grumman, na Raytheon Technologies.<ref name=":6" /> Makala maalum iliyochapishwa na gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' mwaka 2024 ilimtaja kuwa mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga na sekta ya anga za juu mwenye uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika [[uhandisi wa mifumo]], uundaji wa programu za kompyuta, majaribio ya ndege, na usimamizi wa programu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Uongozi wa Kiraia na Ushiriki wa Umma == === Urais wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) === Mnamo Septemba 2013, Kwesiga alichaguliwa kuwa rais na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Chama cha Waganda wa Amerika Kaskazini (UNAA) akiwa na umri wa miaka 26.<ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker; Kimbowa, Joseph (17 October 2013). "Ugandan North American Association Boss With Big Dreams". ''The Observer / AllAfrica''. Observer Media Ltd. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' liliripoti kuwa alikuwa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo wakati huo.<ref name=":2" /> Kipindi chake cha [[uongozi]] cha miaka miwili kiliambatana na maadhimisho ya miaka 25 ya UNAA na kipindi cha kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wa Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Wakati wa [[ziara]] ya Rais [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mjini [[Dallas, Texas]], mwaka 2014, Kwesiga alizungumza naye kuhusu masuala yaliyokuwa yakiwakabili Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni. Gazeti la ''The Observer'' liliripoti kuwa Museveni alieleza kuwa serikali ingeongeza msaada wake kwa UNAA mara tano.<ref>{{Citation|title=Uganda: How Lessons From Brazil Inspired Brian Kwesiga's UNAA Dream|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201505041403.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ripoti za [[vyombo vya habari]] vya wakati huo zilibainisha mabadiliko ya kiutawala na kifedha ndani ya chama hicho wakati wa uongozi wake, ikiwemo matumizi ya mifumo rasmi ya [[benki]] kwa malipo ya wanachama na kuagizwa kwa ukaguzi huru wa hesabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Detractors will not derail UNAA from its mission|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1341768/detractors-derail-unaa-mission|work=New Vision|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Pia alisimamia kuanzishwa kwa [[programu]] kadha wa kadha, zikiwemo programu ya ufadhili wa masomo kwa viongozi chipukizi wa Waganda wenye asili ya Marekani, mitandao ya wataalamu kulingana na taaluma zao, mpango wa huduma kwa jamii, na mfuko wa kuendeleza matawi ya chama.<ref name=":0" /> === Utetezi wa Sera za Ughaibuni === Wakati wa uongozi wake katika UNAA, Kwesiga alizungumza hadharani kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu Waganda wanaoishi ughaibuni, yakiwemo haki ya kupiga kura kutoka nje ya nchi na uwakilishi wa kisiasa.<ref name=":7">Musisi, Frederic (7 August 2015). "Ugandans in North America Want to Vote Abroad". ''Daily Monitor / AllAfrica''. Nation Media Group Uganda. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, gazeti la ''Daily Monitor'' iliripoti kuwa aliunga mkono upigaji kura katika [[balozi]] na ofisi za uwakilishi wa Uganda nje ya nchi, akitaja fedha zinazotumwa nyumbani na michango mingine ya ughaibuni kama sababu ya msingi.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandan citizens in North America want to vote abroad|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/ugandan-citizens-in-north-america-want-to-vote-abroad-2529540|work=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Katika ripoti hiyo hiyo, maafisa wa serikali walijadili mipango ya kuimarisha ushiriki wa [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Idara ya Huduma za Ughaibuni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Won't Vote, Says Kiggundu|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201508130815.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Amechapisha makala za maoni kuhusu mageuzi ya uraia wa nchi mbili na uongozi wa ughaibuni katika magazeti ya ''New Vision'' na ''Daily Monitor''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blogs: From fear to opportunity: Rethinking Uganda’s dual citizenship laws|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/from-fear-to-opportunity-rethinking-ugandas-d-NV_199234_062026|work=New Vision|date=2024-11-07|accessdate=2026-07-19|author=NewVision Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Where the homeland forgets, the diaspora remembers|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/where-the-homeland-forgets-the-diaspora-remembers-5034324|work=Monitor|date=2025-05-09|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa mshiriki (fellow) wa programu ya Kiharakishaji Sera cha Afrika katika Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mikakati na Masuala ya Kimataifa (CSIS), taasisi ya utafiti wa sera yenye makao yake [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Ameshiriki katika mashauriano ya kamati za pamoja za Bunge la Uganda za Masuala ya Sheria na Bunge pamoja na Ulinzi na Mambo ya Ndani kuhusu Muswada wa Ulinzi wa Mamlaka ya Taifa wa mwaka 2026 (''Protection of Sovereignty Bill, 2026'').<ref>{{Citation|last=Nabakooza|first=Shamim|title='You Can Also Be Used Against Uganda' – Diaspora Warn MPs Over Sovereignty Bill|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337889/you-can-also-be-used-against-uganda-diaspora-warn-mps-over-sovereignty-bill|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref> Ingawa aliunga mkono lengo la kulinda mamlaka ya taifa, alieleza kuwa kuwatambua Waganda wanaoishi nje ya nchi kama wageni kulikuwa kunapingana na mifumo iliyopo ya serikali inayotambua ughaibuni kama mshirika wa maendeleo, na kwamba hatua hiyo ingeweza kuunda mfumo wa uraia wa madaraja mawili.<ref>{{Citation|last=Namayo|first=Moses|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Oppose Sovereignty Bill, Warn of Investment Risks|date=2026-04-28|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/337916/ugandans-in-diaspora-oppose-sovereignty-bill-warn-of-investment-risks|work=Nilepost News|language=en-UG|access-date=2026-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank weighs in on Sovereignty Bill, as Ugandan diaspora seek clarity {{!}} Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/news/4417/central-bank-weighs-sovereignty-bill-ugandan-diaspora-seek-clarity|work=www.parliament.go.ug|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en}}</ref> === Diplomasia ya Michezo === Mnamo Mei 2023, Chama cha mchezo wa Lakrosi cha Uganda kilimteua Kwesiga kuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya lakrosi ya wanaume ya Uganda.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Gazeti la ''New Vision'' lilimuelezea kama Mganda wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":4" /> Ripoti za vyombo vya habari zilieleza kuwa aliongoza juhudi za kuchangisha fedha na uratibu uliowezesha Uganda kushiriki katika mashindano ya dunia ya Lakrosi ya mwaka 2023 huko San Diego. Ripoti hizo za vyombo vya habari zilitaja Uganda kama taifa pekee la Afrika lililoshiriki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gov't Grants Uganda Lacrosse Shs 130m for World Championship in San Diego|url=https://softpower.ug/govt-grants-uganda-lacrosse-shs-130m-for-world-championship-in-san-diego/|work=SoftPower News|date=2023-05-25|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=Muhamadi Byemboijana}}</ref><ref>"Uganda ranked 30th at World Lacrosse Championship". ''New Vision''. 8 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2025.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2023 World Lacrosse Men’s Championship concludes after 11 days - World Lacrosse|url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/2023-world-lacrosse-mens-championship-concludes-after-11-days/|date=2023-07-02|accessdate=2026-07-19|language=en-US|author=World Lacrosse}}</ref> Kwesiga alianzisha klabu ya soka ya Dallas Cranes mnamo mwaka 2009, timu ya kandanda ya Waganda yenye makao yake Texas, na alitambuliwa na Muungano wa Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya DFW kwa uongozi wake.<ref name=":6" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:wahandisi wa Uganda]] q6c9h7w92lbc862ywx2dkaf1912n6hr 2 242377 1580610 2026-07-19T20:30:09Z ISSA RAMADHAN 91050 Issa Ramadhan amefanikiwa kuteka hisia za wasomaji wengi kupitia riwaya zake za kusisimua zilizosheheni matukio ya kijasusi na migogoro ya kijamii. Mpaka sasa, ameshaandika na kuchapisha vitabu vinavyofanya vizuri sokoni vikiwemo. 1.Kijasho Chembamba 2.Damu Mbichi 3.Enzi za Uhai Wangu 4.Mauaji ya Muuaji Kazi hizi zote zimeshasambazwa na vinapatikana mitaani pamoja na kwenye maduka mbalimbali ya vitabu kwa ajili ya wasomaji wanaopenda hadithi zenye mtiririko wa kasi na lugha inayovutia. 1580610 wikitext text/x-wiki ISSA RAMADHAN bxozrrjrogcvnkvgj2m3obqwrbwj3dx 0 242378 1580665 2026-07-20T09:29:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Miss Prissy (mchechezaji)]] hadi [[Miss Prissy (dansa)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1580665 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Miss Prissy (dansa)]] t1eupoiwa738hkhyi48n0dzz81icze2 0 242379 1580670 2026-07-20T09:35:52Z Eibrahim77 68081 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Belinda Teal Marchande Caldwell''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[11 Januari]] mwaka [[1965]]) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Sheryl Rockmore'' kwenye tamthilia ya ucheshi ya ''Nickelodeon'', ''Kenan'' ''& Kel''. Pia alionekana kama mwigizaji mgeni kwenye ''Martin'' na tamthilia ya ''UPN, Good News''. Hajawahi kucheza tena kikaboni tangu ''Kenan & Kel'' kuisha mwaka [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/hi...' 1580670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belinda Teal Marchande Caldwell''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[11 Januari]] mwaka [[1965]]) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Sheryl Rockmore'' kwenye tamthilia ya ucheshi ya ''Nickelodeon'', ''Kenan'' ''& Kel''. Pia alionekana kama mwigizaji mgeni kwenye ''Martin'' na tamthilia ya ''UPN, Good News''. Hajawahi kucheza tena kikaboni tangu ''Kenan & Kel'' kuisha mwaka [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/high-school/girls-basketball/story/_/id/3409638/caldwell-stands-tall |title=Prospect Watch: Caldwell stands tall - Girls' Basketball - ESPNHS |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=May 16, 2008 |access-date=May 18, 2012}}</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[jamii: waigiza filamu wa Marekani]] nbaomx9k4mn0wst0dvxuim4m477xivk 1580671 1580670 2026-07-20T09:38:39Z Eibrahim77 68081 1580671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belinda Teal Marchande Caldwell''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[11 Januari]] mwaka [[1965]]) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Sheryl Rockmore'' kwenye tamthilia ya ucheshi ya ''Nickelodeon'', ''Kenan'' ''& Kel''. Pia alionekana kama mwigizaji mgeni kwenye ''Martin'' na tamthilia ya ''UPN, Good News''. Hajawahi kucheza tena kikaboni tangu ''Kenan & Kel'' kuisha mwaka [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/high-school/girls-basketball/story/_/id/3409638/caldwell-stands-tall |title=Prospect Watch: Caldwell stands tall - Girls' Basketball - ESPNHS |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=May 16, 2008 |access-date=May 18, 2012}}</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[jamii: waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] hdjcon2jfiz0fpvrlhmhnf0ruugqsv6 1580704 1580671 2026-07-20T10:07:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1580704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belinda Teal Marchande Caldwell''' (alizaliwa [[11 Januari]] [[1965]]) alikuwa mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama ''Sheryl Rockmore'' kwenye tamthilia ya ucheshi ya ''Nickelodeon'', ''Kenan'' ''& Kel''. Pia alionekana kama mwigizaji mgeni kwenye ''Martin'' na tamthilia ya ''UPN, Good News''. Hajawahi kucheza tena kikaboni tangu ''Kenan & Kel'' kuisha mwaka [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/high-school/girls-basketball/story/_/id/3409638/caldwell-stands-tall |title=Prospect Watch: Caldwell stands tall - Girls' Basketball - ESPNHS |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=May 16, 2008 |access-date=May 18, 2012}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{BD|1965|}} [[jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 03mxcnd7s4v7vxx8n9qslv4cm9t7n5o 3 242380 1580674 2026-07-20T09:45:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Ndugu, kumbuka: Wikipedia si mahali pa kujitangaza. Ukizidisha, itatubidi kufuta ukurasa wako wote. Amani kwako! ~~~~' 1580674 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndugu, kumbuka: Wikipedia si mahali pa kujitangaza. Ukizidisha, itatubidi kufuta ukurasa wako wote. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) rzak6e4ckqtpvhz0lq8rp56uklwkx8b 1580695 1580674 2026-07-20T09:51:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580695 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndugu, kumbuka: Wikipedia si mahali pa kujitangaza. Ukizidisha, itatubidi kufuta ukurasa wako wote. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) opprvk7to051yk6dkgtydow4yuau0e3 3 242381 1580676 2026-07-20T09:48:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580676 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2rrom9wylvxpxvyd71i1ngiacuuq4vg 3 242382 1580677 2026-07-20T09:48:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580677 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2rrom9wylvxpxvyd71i1ngiacuuq4vg 3 242383 1580678 2026-07-20T09:48:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580678 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2rrom9wylvxpxvyd71i1ngiacuuq4vg 3 242384 1580679 2026-07-20T09:48:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580679 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2rrom9wylvxpxvyd71i1ngiacuuq4vg 3 242385 1580680 2026-07-20T09:48:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580680 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2rrom9wylvxpxvyd71i1ngiacuuq4vg 3 242386 1580681 2026-07-20T09:49:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580681 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242387 1580682 2026-07-20T09:49:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580682 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242388 1580683 2026-07-20T09:49:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580683 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242389 1580684 2026-07-20T09:49:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580684 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242390 1580685 2026-07-20T09:49:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580685 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242391 1580686 2026-07-20T09:49:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580686 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) 7n6z2gjl9cny2aqplwu3bu3knj0ud37 3 242392 1580687 2026-07-20T09:50:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580687 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242393 1580689 2026-07-20T09:50:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580689 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242394 1580690 2026-07-20T09:50:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580690 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242395 1580691 2026-07-20T09:50:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580691 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242396 1580692 2026-07-20T09:50:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580692 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242397 1580693 2026-07-20T09:50:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580693 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) k6sihr9cvej15meesqo7n45r3qy65di 3 242398 1580696 2026-07-20T09:51:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1580696 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) mx5hc1zr77laqrvoqrijt6qv19mzzht 0 242399 1580711 2026-07-20T11:45:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Msalaba wa Yesu]] 1580711 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[msalaba wa Yesu]] ni3qe741jt4dkq2ufowj11jbojypku1 0 242400 1580712 2026-07-20T11:50:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1580712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helen Wormley Anderson''' (1877–1962) alikuwa mtetezi wa haki za [[wanawake]] kupiga kura (suffragist) [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] Mweusi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographical Sketch of Helen W. Anderson (Webb), 1877-1962|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3935918|work=search.alexanderstreet.com|accessdate=2026-07-20|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1877]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1962]] 12ietmmiibdifea0ksjtejdna1fw1jb 0 242401 1580713 2026-07-20T11:51:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Takwa la Mwisho''' la [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] kwa [[Waklara]] alilomuandikia [[Klara wa Asizi|Klara]] mwenyewe ili kuwahimiza [[mabibi fukara]] wadumu mpaka mwisho katika [[maisha]] na [[Ufukara wa hiari|ufukara]] wa [[Yesu]]. Ni kama [[wasia]] mfupi kwa wafuasi wake [[Mwanamke|wa kike]], ambao hakuwa na wasiwasi juu ya [[uaminifu]] wao, lakini aliwaogopea watashauriwa sana na watu wengine ([[viongozi]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na wanashirika) walegeze mas...' 1580713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Takwa la Mwisho''' la [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] kwa [[Waklara]] alilomuandikia [[Klara wa Asizi|Klara]] mwenyewe ili kuwahimiza [[mabibi fukara]] wadumu mpaka mwisho katika [[maisha]] na [[Ufukara wa hiari|ufukara]] wa [[Yesu]]. Ni kama [[wasia]] mfupi kwa wafuasi wake [[Mwanamke|wa kike]], ambao hakuwa na wasiwasi juu ya [[uaminifu]] wao, lakini aliwaogopea watashauriwa sana na watu wengine ([[viongozi]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na wanashirika) walegeze masharti ya ufukara. Ndiyo sababu aliwaachia maneno hayo kwa [[maandishi]] ili wadumu imara katika nia yao. Historia iliyofuata ikaonyesha Fransisko [[utabiri|alitabiri]] vizuri kuhusu Klara na wenzake, waliopaswa kupambana mfululizo na [[kishawishi]] hicho toka kwa viongozi waliowapenda. [[Ushindi]] wa Klara katika kutetea kwa uaminifu ufukara mkuu ulipatikana siku ya mwisho kabla hajafa, alipoletewa [[kanuni]] yake imethibitishwa na [[Papa Inosenti IV]]. Katika kanuni hiyo, ambayo katika [[Kanisa]] ilikuwa ya kwanza kuandikwa na [[mwanamke]], Klara alifuata kwa kiasi kikubwa ile ya Fransisko kama thibitisho la [[umoja]] wa Kiroho katika tofauti za mitindo yao ya maisha; pia alinakili humo wasia huo mfupi alioutumia kama [[silaha]] katika mapambano. {{mbegu-katoliki}} [[Jamii:Fransisko wa Asizi]] [[Jamii:Waklara]] gg159xyngyku9k8nm7yrm2torwyexoh 0 242402 1580714 2026-07-20T11:51:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Waklara]] 1580714 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Waklara]] npiqs7r6m4noy042wyyd2hxii8aivdx 0 242403 1580716 2026-07-20T11:58:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1580716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deborah Pettway Young''' (1916–1997) alikuwa msanii wa [[Marekani]] aliyehusishwa na kikundi cha washonaji wa matandiko ya vitambaa (quilters) cha Gee's Bend.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deborah Pettway Young {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/deborah-pettway-young|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2026-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o57mBjxyVHEC&pg=PA302|title=Gee's Bend: The Women and Their Quilts|last=Beardsley|first=John|date=2002|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=978-0-9719104-0-9|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1997]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] 8cehf8clui6b866o001gm0kam2u0p35